Introduction to Java
Object-Oriented Programming
Outline
Brief introduction of the language and platform
Sample programs
Code structure
How to compile and run a program
Readings:
HFJ: Ch.1, Ch.5.
GT: Ch. 2.
Introduction to Java
Java
1991: developed by Sun Microsystems as a small
programming language for embedded household devices
Initially called Oak
Java 1.0.2, 1.1
Write Once, Run Anywhere
very slow
became popular with webpages running applets
Java 2 (versions 1.2 - 1.4)
much faster, powerful,
3 platforms: J2ME, J2SE, J2EE
Java 5, 6, 7, 8 (versions 1.5-1.6)
more powerful
Introduction to Java
Why Java?
Object-oriented
Portability
Safe
Data always initialized, references always typesafe
Access to "private" or "package private" data and
methods is rigidly controlled.
Addresses the weaknesses of older programming
languages
Built-in multi-threading
Introduction to Java
Introduction to Java
Compiling and interpreting
Program source code compiled into bytecode
Bytecode is platform-independent
Bytecode is executed in an interpreter environment
(virtual machine)
Java Virtual Machine
for Windows
Java
program
Compiler
Java
bytecode
program
Java Virtual Machine
for Linux
Java Virtual Machine
for Mac OS
Introduction to Java
Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
Virtual machines depend on specific platforms
(hardware, OS)
Provide Java programs with (platform-independent)
run-time environments
Ensure system security
Normally provided as software
JRE - Java Runtime Environment
Java platform: JVM + APIs
Introduction to Java
Types of Java applications
Desktop applications Java Standard Edition (J2SE)
Java Application: normal Java application running
on desktops; console or GUI
Java Applet: embedded application running within
Web browsers
Server applications Java Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
Webservices, JSP and Servlet
Mobile applications Java Microedition (J2ME)
Java Card
Introduction to Java
Java Desktop Applications
Focus of this course
Complete application programs
Console or GUI
Launched by java command
Introduction to Java
HelloWorld application
same name with the class
HelloWorld.java:
this is a class
class name
public class HelloWorld {
start of the class
method name
public static void main (String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, world");
a statement
it says print to
standard output
}
}
end of the class
public, so that
everyone can access
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Compile and run
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main (String[] args)
{
System.out.println("Hello, world");
}
}
Compile HelloWorld.java
javac HelloWorld.java
Run
java HelloWorld
compiler
HelloWorld.class
%> javac HelloWorld.java
%> java HelloWorld
Hello, world
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Application with more than one class
Two classes in separated files
TestGreeting.java:
Greeting.java:
public class TestGreeting {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Greeting gr = new Greeting();
gr.greet();
}
}
public class Greeting {
public void greet() {
System.out.print("Hi there!");
}
}
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Compile and run
Compile
javac TestGreeting.java
Greeting.java is automatically compiled
Run
java TestGreeting
%> javac TestGreeting.java
%> java TestGreeting
Hi there!
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JDK Java Development Kit
Free development and run-time environment
Most widely used Java software development kit
Main components:
javac
compiler, converts source code into Java
bytecode
java
interpreter and application loader
javadoc documentation generator, automatically
generates documentation from source code comments
jdb
debugger
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Code structure
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Writing a class with a main
In Java, everything goes in a class.
When you run a program, you run a class:
load the class then start executing the class's
main() method
the class MUST have a main() method!
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What can we do in a method
Looping
while (x > 12) {
x = x 1;
}
for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++) {
System.out.print(x);
}
Conditional branching
if (x == 2) {
System.out.println("x must be 2");
} else {
System.out.println("x is not 2");
}
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What else can we do?
do-while?
switch?
int, long, float, double, boolean?
other syntactical stuff?
Read text books!
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