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Discrete Mathematics - Predicates and Quatifiers

This is a sample exercises of " Predicates and Quantifiers" with the provided answers for your reference.

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Jeyakanthan Jeyamohan
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162 views3 pages

Discrete Mathematics - Predicates and Quatifiers

This is a sample exercises of " Predicates and Quantifiers" with the provided answers for your reference.

Uploaded by

Jeyakanthan Jeyamohan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Predicates and Quantifiers

1. Let P(x) be the statement the word x contains the letter a. Write two words that gives truth
value of true for P(x).
Answer: apple, car, animal.
2. A prime number is an integer greater than 1 whose only positive integer factors are itself and
1. Consider the statement There is an integer that is both prime and even. Let Prime(n)
be n is prime and Even(n) be n is even. Use the notation Prime(n) and Even(n) to
rewrite this statement in the following two forms:
a. nsuch that even(n)prime(n).
b. some n such that even(n) prime(n) .
3. Consider the following statement:
integers n, if n2 is even then n is even.
Which of the following are equivalent ways of expressing this statement?

We can let P(x): x is even, where x is an integer.


The proposition states that n(P(n2) P(n)) n(P(n2) P(n)).
a. All integers have even squares and are even (n(P(n2) P(n)) equivalent).
b. Given any integer whose square is even, that integer is itself even (n(P(n2)P(n))
equivalent).
c. For all integers, there are some whose square is even (nP(n2)) not equivalent).
d. Any integer with an even square is even(n(P(n2) P(n)) equivalent)).
e. If the square of an integer is even, then that integer is even (equivalent).
f. All even integers have even squares (n(P(n)(P(n2)) not equivalent).
4. Let p(x) be the statement x spends more than five hours every weekday in class, where
the universe of discourse for x is the set of students. Express each of the following
quantifications in English.
a. xp(x) --There are some students spends more than five hours every weekday in class.
1

b. xp(x) There are some students spends less than five hours every weekday in class.
c. xp(x) -- All students spends more than five hours every weekday in class.
d. xp(x) -- All students spends less than five hours every weekday in class.
5. Determine the truth value of each of the following statements if the universe of discourse for
all variables is the set of all integers.
a. nm (n+ m = 0)

b. mn (n2 + m2 = 5)

Answers:
a) This proposition is true because for every integer n, there is an integer m = -(n) such that n
+ (-n) = 0.
b) This proposition is true because since there exists m = 2 and n = 1 such that m2 + n2 = 5.
6. Rewrite the proposition if a real number is an integer then it is a rational number using the
universal quantifier proposition.
Answer:
Let K(n) represents n is an integer and I(m) represents m is a rational number, where the
universe of discourse for m and n is real value.
x(K(n)I(m))

*must use arrow as it is implification

7. Let Q(x, y) denote the statement x + y = 0., where the universe of discourse for both x, y is
integers. What is the truth value of the propositions yx Q(x, y) and yx Q(x, y)?
Answer:
This proposition says that, there is a number x such that x + y = 0 for any value of y.
a) Let say there is a number b such that b + y = 0 for an arbitrary integery. Then y = -b.
However, that implies that b can take multiple values, i.e. b = -2, for y = 2, b=3, for y = -3.
That contradicted with our initial condition that b takes only a value. Therefore this
proposition is false.

b) The proposition is true, since for an integer y, we can find an integer x = -b, such that x +
y=0. E.g., y = 5, x = -5, then x + y = 0.

8. Let Q(x, y) be the statement x has sent an e-mail message to y. where the universe of
discourse for both x and y consists of all students in your class. Express each of these
quantifications in English.
a. xy P ( x , y )

b. xy P ( x , y )

a. Someone has sent an email to some students in the same class.


b. Someone has sent an email to everyone in the same class.

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