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Basic Matrix Operations

This document demonstrates basic matrix operations in MATLAB. It shows how to create vectors and matrices, perform basic arithmetic operations on them like addition and multiplication, calculate matrix properties like eigenvalues and singular values, solve systems of equations using matrices, and plot graphs of vector data. MATLAB allows easy creation and manipulation of matrices without requiring special handling, and has many built-in functions for common matrix calculations.

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Neha Karthikeyan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
239 views

Basic Matrix Operations

This document demonstrates basic matrix operations in MATLAB. It shows how to create vectors and matrices, perform basic arithmetic operations on them like addition and multiplication, calculate matrix properties like eigenvalues and singular values, solve systems of equations using matrices, and plot graphs of vector data. MATLAB allows easy creation and manipulation of matrices without requiring special handling, and has many built-in functions for common matrix calculations.

Uploaded by

Neha Karthikeyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Matrix Operations

This example shows basic techniques and functions for working with matrices in the MATLAB language.
First, let's create a simple vector with 9 elements called a.

a = [1 2 3 4 6 4 3 4 5]
a =

Now let's add 2 to each element of our vector, a, and store the result in a new vector.
Notice how MATLAB requires no special handling of vector or matrix math.

b = a + 2
b =

Creating graphs in MATLAB is as easy as one command. Let's plot the result of our vector addition with grid lines.

plot(b)
grid on

MATLAB can make other graph types as well, with axis labels.

bar(b)
xlabel('Sample #')
ylabel('Pounds')

MATLAB can use symbols in plots as well. Here is an example using stars to mark the points. MATLAB offers a
variety of other symbols and line types.

plot(b,'*')
axis([0 10 0 10])

One area in which MATLAB excels is matrix computation.


Creating a matrix is as easy as making a vector, using semicolons (;) to separate the rows of a matrix.

A = [1 2 0; 2 5 -1; 4 10 -1]
A =

-1

10

-1

We can easily find the transpose of the matrix A.

B = A'
B =

10

-1

-1

Now let's multiply these two matrices together.


Note again that MATLAB doesn't require you to deal with matrices as a collection of numbers. MATLAB knows when
you are dealing with matrices and adjusts your calculations accordingly.

C = A * B
C =

12

24

12

30

59

24

59

117

Instead of doing a matrix multiply, we can multiply the corresponding elements of two matrices or vectors using the .*
operator.

C = A .* B
C =

25

-10

-10

Let's use the matrix A to solve the equation, A*x = b. We do this by using the \ (backslash) operator.

b = [1;3;5]
x = A\b
b =

1
3

x =

1
0
-1

Now we can show that A*x is equal to b.

r = A*x - b
r =

0
0
0

MATLAB has functions for nearly every type of common matrix calculation.
There are functions to obtain eigenvalues ...

eig(A)
ans =

3.7321
0.2679
1.0000

... as well as the singular values.

svd(A)

ans =

12.3171
0.5149
0.1577

The "poly" function generates a vector containing the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial.
The characteristic polynomial of a matrix A is

p = round(poly(A))
p =

-5

-1

We can easily find the roots of a polynomial using the roots function.
These are actually the eigenvalues of the original matrix.

roots(p)
ans =

3.7321
1.0000
0.2679

MATLAB has many applications beyond just matrix computation.


To convolve two vectors ...

q = conv(p,p)
q =

-10

35

-52

35

-10

... or convolve again and plot the result.

r = conv(p,q)
plot(r);
r =

-15

90

-278

480

-480

278

-90

At any time, we can get a listing of the variables we have stored in memory using the

15

who or whos command.

whos
Name

Size

Bytes

Class

3x3

72

double

3x3

72

double

-1

Attributes

3x3

72

double

1x9

72

double

ans

3x1

24

double

3x1

24

double

1x4

32

double

1x7

56

double

1x10

80

double

3x1

24

double

You can get the value of a particular variable by typing its name.

A
A =

-1

10

-1

You can have more than one statement on a single line by separating each statement with commas or semicolons.
If you don't assign a variable to store the result of an operation, the result is stored in a temporary variable
called ans.

sqrt(-1)
ans =

0.0000 + 1.0000i

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