oifonformusrf;pmudkem;vnfEdkifygonf/

aygvka[majymaom{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;
a&mrMo0g'pm
BOB UTLEY
a[majymjcif;qdkif&m ygarmu
(ormusrf;enf;usteufjyefjcif;)
teufzGifhjcif;avhvmrIvrf;TefpmpOfrsm;
"ropfusrf;/ twGJ 5/

Bible Lessons International, Marshall, Texas

1998
jyefvnfrGrf;rHjcif; 2010

rmwdum
teufzGifhusrf; oHk;aomtwdkaumufrsm;
5
usrf;jyKol\ trSmpum;/
/ teufzGifhusrf;onf oifhudk rnfodkUulnDEkdifaMumif; 7
ormusrf;pm aumif;pGmzwfIjcif;twGuf vrf;nTef/ ormw&m;udkrdrdudk,fwdkif SmazGazmfxkwfjcif;/ 10
teufzGifhusrf;
a&mrMo0g'pmrdwfquf
21
a&mr 1
28
a&mr 2
94
a&mr
116
a&mr 4
144
a&mr 5
162
a&mr 6
190
a&mr 7
208
a&mr 8
227
a&mr 9
272
a&mr 10
315
a&mr 11
333
a&mr 12
354
a&mr 13
377
a&mr 14
403
a&mr 15
421
a&mr 16
443
aemufqufwGJ
aemufqufwGJ
aemufqufwJG
aemufqufwGJ

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av;/

/
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/
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*&do'gzGJUpnf;yHk\t"dyg,fzGifhqdkcsuf tusOf;
rl&if;usrf;qdkif&mtuJjzwfrI
cufqpft"dyg,f
Mo0g'qdkif&m azmfjycsuf

464
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a&mrMo0g'pmxJu txl;taMumif;t&mrsm;twGuf
rmwdum
apvGwfonf (Apostell) 1;1
ueOD;toif;awmfa[majymaomt&m?(Kerygma) 1;2
bk&m;ocif\om;awmf? 1;3
aoG;om;^Zmwd?(Sarx) 1;3
arSd,? 1;4
bk&m;emrawmfrsm;? 1;4
"ra[mif;usrf;xJu ,HkMunf? udk;pm;? ,HkMunfudk;pm;(Believe, Trust, Faith)ESifh opmSdjcif;?
1;5
uREfkyf (Bob) \{0Ha*vdqdkif&mtjrif? 1;5
ac:zdwfjcif;cH&aom? 1;6
2

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oefUSif;olrsm;?1;7
bk&m;ocif\crnf;awmft&m? 1;7
"ropfusrf;xJu0dnmOf (pneuma)?1;8
u,fwifjcif;("ra[mif;a0g[m&)?1;16
ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;? 1;17
bk&m;ociftm;vlom;uJhodkU a&;om;azmfjyjcif;? 1;18
aygvka&;aompmrsm; azmfjyonfh ]]ormw&m;}}? 1;18
odSdonf? 1;19
zsufqD;?ysufpD;?azgufjyef(Phtheir)?1;23
ESvHk;? 1;24
tNrJxm0&(*&dtD'D,Hrsm;)? 1;25
tmrif? 1;25
vdifwlqufqHjcif;? 1;26?27
"ropfusrf;xJSdaom qdk;npfrIrsm;ESifhaumif;jrwfrIrsm;? 1;29-31
''HUPER" aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm;tm; aygvktoHk;jyKyHk? 1;30
aemifww&m;? 2;4
vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;0g'? 2;11
0g<um;jcif;?2;17
*&da0g[m&]]prf;oyfppfaq;jcif;}}ESif if;\t"dyg,fyGg;rsm;? 2;18
y,fjy,fqdwfokOf;oGm;aponf (Katarge)? 3;3
bkef;wefcdk;awmf? 3;23
vlwpfa,mufu,fwifjcif;&aMumif; "ropftaxmuftxm;? 3;24
a&G;EIwfc^a&G;EIwfonf? 3;24
taSYwdkif; pmay? 3;27
bk&m;wpfql t,l0g'? 3;30
,HkMunf^udk;pm;onf (belief/faith)? 4;5
wHqdyf? 4;11
tmrcH? 4;16
Nidrfoufjcif;? 5;1
&yfwnfonf (Histmi)? 5;2
pdwfcsrISdjcif;? 5;2
c&pf,mefrsm; tb,faMumifh qif;&J'kucHMuoenf;? 5;3
'kua0em 5;3
c&pf,mefBuD;xGm;rI 5;4
bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmf pdk;pHjcif;? 5;17?18
AdwZHr*Fvm?6;3-4
oefUSif;pifMu,fapjcif;? 6;4
enf;Oya'o (Tupos)? 6;17
aygvk\csD;rGrf;jcif;? qkawmif;jcif;ESifh bk&m;ociftm;aus;Zl;wifjcif;? 7;25
3

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a,IESifh0dnmOfawmf? 8;9
oHk;yg;wpfql? 8;11
,HkMunfol cH&aomtarG? 8;1
obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;? 8;19
.
ajrmfvifhjcif;? 8;25
pGJNrJ&ef vdktyfrI? 8;25
0dnmOfawmfonf yk*dKvfjzpfjcif;? 8;27
om;OD;? 8;29
aG;aumufjcif;^BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;ESifh "roabmw&m;csdefcGifvQmnD&ef vdktyfjcif;? 8;33
tBuD;qHk; (Arch)? 8;38
udk,fudkudk,f odaompdwf (conscience)? 9;1
Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif;? 9;3
usdefqJjcif; (Anathema)? 9;3
tpa&;? 9;4
y#dnmOfw&m;? 9;4
bk&m;ociftm; vlom;uJhodkU a&;om;azmfjyjcif;? 9;13
cspfoem;awmfrljcif;(Hesed)?9;15
t<uif;tusefrsm;? todtjrifoHk;rsKd;? 9;27-28
bk&m;emrawmfrsm;? 9;29
wdkufaxmifhtjrpfausmuf? 9;33
odSdonf?10;2
emcHjcif;? 10;3
u,fwifjcif;twGufoHk;aom*&dpum;vHk; umvjyBud,mrsm;? 10;4
0efcHjcif;? 10;9
udk,fawmf\emrawmf?10;9
Sif;vif;pGmSif;jyjcif;? 10;18
,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;pGefUy,fjcif;?11;21
vQKdU0SufzHk;uG,faomt&m? 11;25
oefUSif;onf? 12;1
vufSduyfurmESifh jzpfvwHYaomuyfurm? 12;2
jyefvnfqef;opfapjcif; (Anakainsis)? 12;2
bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmf (Thelma) 12;2
"ropfusrf;\ tem*wdpum;? 12;6
pifMu,faom? &ufa&mrI (Haplotes) 12;8
a0iSjcif; (Koinonia) 12;13
tcGifhtmPm? 13;1
vlUtpdk;&? 13;1
armaS\ynwdusrf;tay: aygvkIjrifyHk? 13;9
xGufajrmuf&musrf; 20/ 13;15?17 tm;Sif;vif;csuftusOf;
4

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tm;enf;jcif;? 14;1
c&pf,mefrsm; tcsif;csif;pD&ifMuygOD;ravm??
bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf? 14;17
cdkifcHhaponf? 15;2
ayg<u,fjcif;? (Perissev) 15;13
c&pf,mefESifh iwfrGwfacgif;yg;rI? 15;26
bk&m;ocif\pDrHrI trsKd;orD;rsm;? 16;1
toif;awmf (Ekklesia) 16;1
qdk;oGrf;rI\yk*dKvf 16;20
xm0&? 16;26

406
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14;13

teufzGifhusrf;oHk;aom twdkaumufpvHk;rsm;
AB

Anchor Bible Commentaries, ed. William Foxwell Albright and David Noel Freedman

ABD

Anchor Bible Dictionary (6 vols.), ed. David Noel Freedman

AKOT

Analytical Key to the Old Testament by John Joseph Owens

ANET

Ancient Near Eastern Texts, James B. Pritchard

BAGD

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Early Christian Literature.

BDB

A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament by F. Brown, S.R. Driver and

C.A.Briggs

BHS

Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, GBS, 1997

IDB

The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible (4 vols.), ed. George A. Buttrick

ISBE

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (5 vols.), ed. James Orr

IB

Jerusalem Bible

JPSOA

The Holy Scriptures According to the Masoretic Text: A New Translation (The Jewish
Publication Society of America)

KB

The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament by Ludwig Koehler and Walter
Baumgartner

LAM

The Holy Bible From Ancient Eastern Manuscripts (the Peshitta) by George M. Lamsa

LXX

Septuagint (Greek-English) by Zondervan, 1970

MOF

A New Translation of the Bible by James Moffatt

MT

Masoretic Hebrew Text

NAB

New American Bible Text

NASB

New American Standard Bible

NEB

New English Bible

NET

NET Bible: New English Translation, Second Beta Edition

NIDNTT

New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology and Exegesis (5 vols.),ed.

Willem A. VanGemeren

NRSV

New Revised Standard Bible

NIV

New International Version

NJB

New Jerusalem Bible

OTPG

Old Testament Parsing Guide by Todd S.Beall, William A. Banks and Colin Smith

REB

Revised English Bible

RSV

Revised Standard Version

SEPT

The Septuagint (Greek-English) by Zondervan, 1970

TCNT

The Twentieth Century New Testament

TEV

Today's English Version from United Bible Societies

YLT

Young's Literal Translation of the Holy Bible by Robert Young

ZPBE

Zondervan Pictorial Bible Encyclopedia (5 vols.), ed. Merrill C.Tenney

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7

'kwd,ed,rrSm
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pum;pkwdkif;? 0guswdkif;onf tqkdygpkpnf;xm;aom taMumif;t&m(0g)OD;wnfcsuftaMumif;t&mESifh
wenf;r[kwfwenf;
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1. United Bible Society \*&dusrf;rSm jyefvnfrGrf;rHonfh pwkwajrmufxkwfa0jcif;jzpfonf/
(UBS4) usrf;udk acwfopfrI&if;usrf;qkdif&mynmSifrsm;u usrf;ydk'fcGJMujcif;jzpfonf/
2. The New King James Version (NKJV) rSm Textus Receptus [k vlodrsm;aomaS;dk;pOfvm
*&drl&if;
usrf;udk
tajcjyKvHk;aphywfaph
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cGJjcm;owfrSwf&m if;\pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf taxmuf tuljzpfapygonf/
3. The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) onf vHk;aphywfaphhjzifh qDavsmfatmif
bmomjyefaom usrf;jzpfonf/ if;onf atmufygacwfopf bmomjyefusrf;ESpfckteuf
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tawmfyif taxmuftuljyKonf/
4. The Today's English Version (TEV) rSm United Bible Society rS
xkwfa0aomrl&if;usrf;ESifh tjynfht0 udkufnDaom bmomjyefenf; (dynamic equivalent)
jzifh
bmomjyefaom
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pmzwfol
(0g)
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bmomjyefqdkaom ormusrf;pmjzpfonf/ txl;ojzifh c&pf0ifusrf;rsm; usrf;ydk'frsm;udk
NIV rSm enf;wl taMumif;t&mtm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? pum;ajymoltm;jzifh ydkif;cGJonf/ if;onf
8

teufjyefoltwGuf taxmuf tulrjyKacs/ UBS4 ESifhTEV wdkUudk yk*dKvfwpfOD;wnf;

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5. Jerusalem Bible (JB) rSm rl&if;usrf;ESifh tjynhft0udkufnDaom bmomjyefenf;(dynamic
jzifhbmomjyefqkdaom
jyifopfumodkvpf
bmomjyefusrf;jzpfonf/
equivalent)
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6. teufzGifhusrf;onf 1995ckESpfu jyefvnfrGrf;rHaomusrf; Updated New American
Standard
Bible
(NASB)
udk
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tydk'fi,frsm;
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ulnDonf/
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ormusrf;pmtm;
rdrdpGJudkifonfh
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c&pf,mefrsm; txJ oabmwlnDrI rnfrQenf;yg;aMumif;od&onfrSm xdwfvefUbG,f&myif
aumif;ae avawmhonf/
ed,rrsm;onf
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aS;a[mif;rl&if;usrf;tm;
tywfwukwfavhvm&ef
wGef;tm;ay;vsuf? uREfkyf\ ordkif; aemufcHtajctaersm;pGmtm; atmifjrifausmfvTm;Ekdif&ef
rsm;pGmulnD yHhydk;ay;ygaMumif;/
Bob Utley
East Texas Baptist University

1996ck? ZGefv 27&uf

ormusrf;pmtm; aumif;pGmzwf&efvrf;nTef
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ckdifvHkpdwfcs
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t&mt&
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ormusrf;pmyg taMumif;t&mrsm;\ pkpnf;nDnTwfrIESifh (4)ormusrf;pmESifhxdawGUrIaMumifh b0t
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pepfwus
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ckdifcHhjcif;udk
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10

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pdwfqif;&JcJh&yHktm; uREfkyfowd&ae ygao;onf/ ormusrf;pmonf rIwfoGif;awmfrl a&;om;jcif;
jzpfaMumif;ESifh?if;\,HkMunfpdwfcs&rIwdkUtm; twnf jyKjcif;onf tqHk;r[kwfbJ? tpomvQif
jzpfaeacsawmhonf/
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rnfodkUuREfkyfvkyfrnfenf;?
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,HkMunf jcif;onf uREfkyftm; (1) BuD;rm;aomNidrfoufjcif;ESihf 0rf;ajrmufrIay;onf/ tcsif;csif;
ESD;EG,fqufpyfaeaom
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qefUusifwdkufcdkufrIrsm;ESihf
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odkUjzpfaMumif;tm; oabmayguf&jcif;onf emusnf;bG,f&m aumif;vSygbdawmhonf!
uREfkyfonf tSdudktSdwdkif; t<uif;rJhrnfonfhtcgrQ IjrifEkdifpGrf;Sdrnfr[kwfaomfvnf;
ormusrf; pmzwfI&m ydkawmfvmygonf/ uREfkyf rnfuJhodkUaom iJhuGufrIrsm;SdaMumif;odSdum?
if;tm; 0efcHonfh tcg uREfkyf\iJhuGufwwfaomoabmudk uefYowfavQmhcsEdkifvmonf/ if;wdkUESifh
ruif;Sif; Ekdifao;aomfvnf; uREfkyf\tm;enf;csufwdkUudk raSmifSm;bJ&ifqdkifvmcJhonf/ usrf;pm
teufjyefolonf ormusrf;pm tm; aumif;pGmzwfIjcif;\tqdk;0g;qHk; &efoljzpfaeavhSdonf/
ormusrf;pmavhvm&m uREfkyfcH,laomtcsuftcsdKUwdkUtm; azmfyg&ap/ taMumif;rSm
pmIolonf if;wdkUudk uREfkyfESifhtwl qef;ppfoGm;Ekdif&efjzpfygonf/
1/ rSefonf[k cH,laomtcsufrsm;
u/ ormusrf;pmonf
wpfqlwnf;ppfrSefawmfrlaombk&m;\
rdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjyjcif;tm;?
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pma&;oljzpfonfh 0dnmOfawmfbk&m; rnf onfh&nfG,fcsufSdaMumif;tm; tajcjyKum?
ormusrf;pmudk teufzGifh&efjzpfonf/
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bk&m;ocifonf
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11

abmifcGifwpfcktwGif; rdrdukd,frdrd vdkufavsmnDaxGaeum? uREfkyfwdkUtm; Sif;vif;pGm

pum;ajymonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ormw&m;udk zGwfxm;jcif;rjyKbJ? uRefawmfhudk
em;vnfapcsifonf!xdkUaMumifh
if;tm;
rdrdwkUd \tjrifjzifh
teuf
rjyefbJ?
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&if;rSm if;tm; yxrqHk;zwfIcJhol(0g)Mum;emcJholrsm;twGuf t"dyg,frSdaomt&mrsKd;
rjzpfEkdifacs/ ormusrf;pmonf omrmefvlom;csif; qufoG,frIyHkpHESifh enf;vrf;rsm;udkom
toHk;jyKjcif; jzpfojzifh omrefvlom;wdkif; em;vnfEkdifonf/
*/
ormusrf;pm
pkpnf;nDnTwfaom
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&nfG,fcsufSdonf[k
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usrf;ydk'frsm; ygSdaomfvnf; orm usrf;pmonf rdrdudk,frdrd qefYusifbufrjyKacs/ odkUjzihf
taumif;qHk;aom ormusrf;pmteufjyefolrSm ormusrf;pmyifjzpfonf/
C/
tem*wdpum;rsm;
tygt0ifusrf;ydk'fwdkif;
rIwfoGif;jcif;cHaom
pma&;ol\
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rsm;pGmum; Sdaeygonf/
1/ owif;pum;tm; azmfjy&efoHk;onfh pma&;[ef
2/
a&;om;onfht&mtm;
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(0g)
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3/
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4/
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owif;pum;ESifh
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7/
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2/

oihfavsmfvHkavmufjcif;rSdaom enf;pHepfrsm;
u/
ormusrf;pmxJSdaom
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vpfvsLIum?
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qufpyfjcif;
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twnfjyKjcif;}}-]]proof-texting}}[kac:onf/

12

c/

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vpfvsLIum?
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*/
usrf;wpfusrf;\ordkif;aMumif;tm;
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zwfIjcif;/
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tpjyKusrf;pmzwfjcif;rSm a[majymol\a[majymcsuf tm;twnfjyK&ef toHk;csjcif;om
jzpfonf/ if;udk]]pmzwfol\ wHkUjyefrI}} (uREfkyftwGuf usrf;ydk'f\ qdkvdk&if;t"dyg,f)
tm;jzifh teufjyefjcif;[kac:onf/
pmayta&;tom;jzihfjyKaom vlom;rsm;\qufoG,frItm;vHk; tenf;qHk;tpdwftydkif;
oHk;ckyg0if onf/
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a&;om;aom
aMumif;t&m

rlvvufcH
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tm;pl; pdkufcJhonf/ odkUaomf ormusrf;pmonf 0dnmOfawmfrIwo
f Gif;jcif; tppftrSefjzpfaMumif;
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oefUSif;aom
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rlvvufcH
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teufjyefavhSdygonf/ odkYjyK jcif;jzifh uREfkyfavhvmcJhaomrSm;,Gif;pGm toHk;jyKcJhMuonfh
(1)usrf;ydk'ftm;
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csifvnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ rnfonfhtqifh? rnfonfhtydkif;rqdk vTJrSm;pGmtoHk;jyKrI jzpfEdkifonf/
rdrd\&nfG,fcsufrsm;? rdrd\iJhuGufrIrsm;? enf;vrf;ESifhtoHk;jyKrIrsm;udk tNrJqef;ppf&efvkdonf/
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rnfodkUppfaq;Edkifrnfenf;?
13

&nfG,fcsufESifh rl&if;pm\zGJUpnf;yHkwdkYonf jzpfEkdifacsSdaom w&m;0ifteufjyefrI\jrifuGif;udk

uefYowfjcif; jyKEdkif&ef owfrSwfcsufpHEIef;tcsKdUay;yg onf/
oifhavsmfjcif;rSdaom tqdkygzwfIjcif;enf;rsm; toHk;jyKMuonfjzpf&um;? ormusrf;pmtm;
aumif; rGefpGm zwfIjcif;ESifh teufjyefjcif;tm; twdkif;twmwpfcktxd rSefuefaMumif;jyoEdkif&efESifh
udkufnDrISd&ef rnfuJhodkYcsOf;uyfrnfenf;?
ormusrf;pm aumif;rGefpGmzwfIjcif;twGuf toHk;jyKEkdifaomcsOf;uyfrIrsm;
teufjyefjcif; twwfynmqdkif&mtqifhjrifh oD;oefYtrsKd;tpm;rsm;taMumif; uREfkyfaqG;aEG;&ef
r&nf
G,fbJ?
ormusrf;Sd
usrf;wdkif;toH;k csEkdifrnfh
a,bk,soabmed,rrsm;udkom
aqG;aEG;vdkygonf/ tqdkyg oD;oefYtrsKd;tpm;rsm;twGuf aumif;rGefaompmtkyfwpftkyfrSm Gordon
Fee ESifh Douglas Stuart wdkU a&;om; jyKpkNyD; Zondervan pmtkyfwdkufuxkwfa0aom How To Read
The Bible For All Its Worth pmtkyfjzpfonf/
uREfkyf\enf;vrf;onf pmzwfoludk tpjyKA[dkjyKNyD;? ywfvnfzwfIjcif; av;ausmhrSwpfqifh
uREfkyf wdkUudk ormusrf;pmtm; t"dyg,fSif;vif;ap&ef0dnmOfawmftm; cGifhjyKjcif;jzpfonf/
pHepfonf 0dnmOfawmf? rl&if;pmESifh pmzwfolwdkUtm; 'kwd,ae&mrxm;bJ? rlvtajccH
jyKxm;onf/ enf;onf pmzwfoltm; teufzGifhusrf;jyKolrsm;\ wzufowf vGrf;rdk;rIrSvnf;
umuG,fonf/ ]]ormusrf;pmonf teufzGihfusrf;rsm; udkem;vnf&ef rsm;pGmyHhydk;onf}}[laom
ajymqdkcsufudk uREfkyfMum;cJhbl;ygonf/ avhvmrItulypnf;rsm;tm; avsmhwGufjcif;r[kwfbJ?
if;wdkUtm;toHk;jyK&m tvGeftuRH rjzpfap&ef arwm&yfcHjcif; rQomjzpfonf/
rdrdwdkU\teufzGifhrItm; rl&if;usrf;tm;jzihf taxmuftxm;jyKEkdif&ygrnf/ rSefuefaMumif;
twdkif; twmwpfckxd azmfxkwfjcif;udk tenf;qHk;u@av;ckrS &,lEdkifonf/
1/ rl&if;usrf;jyKol\
u/ ordkif;aemufcH
c/ rl&if;pm
2/ rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ aG;cs,frI
u/ o'gydkif;qdkif&m wnfaqmufyHk (syntax)
c/ acwfumvqdkif&m pum;vHk;toHk;tEIef;
*/
pma&;om;yHk trsKd;tpm; (genre)
3/ rdrdwdkU\qDavsmfaom oabmaygufem;vnfrI
u/ oufqdkifqDavsmfrISdaom tvm;wlpmydk'frsm;
c/ Mo0g'rsm;\qufpyfrI (paradox)
rdrdwdkU\teufjyefjcif;twGuf taMumif;&if;rsm;ESifh if;wdkU,kwdwefaMumif; azmfjyEdkif&ef
vdkonf/ ormusrf;pm onfomvQif ,HkMunfjcif;ESifhusihfoHk;rItwGuf rlv&if;jrpfjzpfonf/
c&pf,mefwdkUonf orm usrf;pmoGefoifaomt&m(0g) if;u tcdkiftrmajymaomt&mrsm;tay:
rMumcP oabmxm;uGJjym;MuonfrSm 0rf;enf;p&maumif;vSonf/ if;rSm ormusrf;pmudk
0dnmOfawmfrI oGif;xm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; tcdkiftrmr ajymEdkifjcif;ESifh ormusrf;pm\oGefoifrIrsm;ESifh
awmif;qdkrIrsm;tay: ,HkMunfolrsm; oabmrwlEkdifMujcif; jzpfonf/
ywfvnfzwfIjcif;
av;ausmhwdkUudk
teufjyef&ef
atmufygtodtjrifwdkUudk&Sdap&ef
pDpOfxm;jcif;jzpf onf/
3/

14

u/

ywfvnfzwfIjcif; yxrtausmh
1/
usrf;pmudk wpfxdkifwnf;ESifhzwfyg/ if;udkyif tjcm;bmomjyefusrf;wpfusrf;rS
jyefzwfyg/ bmomjyefjcif; rl0g'rwlaom usrf;wpfusrf;jzpfap&ef arQmfvifhygonf/
(1) vHk;aphywfaphbmomjyefusrf; (NKJV, NASB, NRSV)
(2) tjynfht0udkufnDaom bmomjyefusrf; (JEV, JB)
(3) csJUum;aom bmomjyefusrf; (Living Bible, Amplified Bible)
2/ rdrdzwfIaom xdkusrf;wpfckvHk;\ A[kdjyK&m&nfG,fcsufudkSmazGyg/ if;\OD;wnfcsuf
owfrSwf yg/
3/ A[dkjyK&m &nfG,fcsuf(0g)OD;wnfcsuftm; jzpfEkdifygu pmwpfydk'f? tcef;BuD;
wpfcef;(0g) 0gus wpfaMumif;jzifh Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyyg/
4/ rnfuJhodkUaompmayrsKd;jzpfaMumif; owfrSwfyg
(u) "ra[mif;usrf;
(1) a[NAJ ordkif;yHkjyif
(2) a[NAJuAsm? tvuFm (ynmqdkif&mpmay? qmvHoDcsif;)
(3) a[NAJtem*wdusrf; (pum;ajy? uAsm)
(4) w&m;Oya'rsm; (ynwfusrf;)
(c) "ropfusrf;
(1) ordkif;aMumif;rsm; (c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;? wrefawmf0wK)
(2) yHkaqmifcsufrsm; (c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;)
(3) ay;pm^Mo0g'pmrsm;
(4) aemifjzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;qdkif&m pmay
c/ ywfvnfzwfIjcif; 'kwd,tausmh
1/ xdkusrf;wpfusrf;vHk; jyefzwfyg/ t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;udk SmazGazmfxkwfyg
2/ t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;udk tusOf;csKHUum? yg0ifaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk dk;dk;av;jzifh
azmfjyyg/
3/
rdrdazmfjyaom&nfG,fcsufESifh
rdrdtusOf;csKHUjyKjcif;ukd
tjcm;aomavhvmrI
tulpmtkyfrsm;toHk;jyK um ppfaq;csJUxGifyg/
*/ ywfvnfzwfIjcif; wwd,tausmh
1/
tqdkygusrf;wpftkyfvHk;jyefzwf?
xdkusrf;tm;
a&;om;&jcif;\ordkif;aemufcHESifh
tjzpftysuf wdkUudk ormusrf;pmxJrS SmazGazmfxkwfyg/
2/ ormusrf;pmxJ azmfjyonfhordkif;aMumif;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpkyg
(u) usrf;jyKol
(c) &ufpGJ
(*) vufcH&Sdolrsm;
(C) a&;om;&jcif;\ taMumif;t&if;
(i)a&;om;&jcif;\taMumif;&if;ESifhqufpyfaom xHk;wrf;"avhqdkif&mu@rsm;
15

(p) ordkif;aMumif;qdkif&m vlyk*dKvfrsm;ESifh tjzpftysufrsm;

3/ rdrdteufjyefonfh usrf;\tqdkygtydkif;tm; rdrdtusOf;csKHUrIudk pmydk'ftqifhcsJUyg/
pmayrsKd;tpm; udkazmfjy tusOf;csKHUyg/ if;onf tcef;BuD;tcsKdU (0g) pmydk'fESifh
csDumSdEkdifonf/ odkUjyKjcif; onf rl&if;usrf;jyKol\tawG;tac:ESifh rl&if;pm\
zGJUpnf;yHktm; em;vnfEkdif&efyHhydk;vdrfhrnf/
4/ rdrd\ordkif;aMumif; azmfjyrItm; avhvmrItulpmtkyfrsm; toHk;jyKum? ppfaq;yg/
C/ ywfvnfzwfIjcif; pwkwtausmh
1/ rdrdzwfaomusrf;udkyif bmomjyefusrf;trsKd;rsKd;rS wpfcgjyefzwfyg/
(u) vHk;aphywfaph bmomjyef (NKJV, NASB, NRSV)
(c) tjynfht0udkufnDaom bmomjyef (TEV, JB)
(*) csJUum;aom bmomjyef (Living Bible, Amptified Bible)
2/ pmay (0g) o'gqdkif&m zGJUpnf;rIrsm;
(u) xyfazmfjyaompum;pkrsm;-{zuf 1;6? 12?13
(c) xyfaeaom o'gqdkif&mzGJUpnf;rI-a&mr 8;31
(*) qefUusifbuf t,ltqrsm;
3/ atmufygtrsKd;tpm;wdkUudk jyKpkyg
(u) ay:vGif xifSm;aom a0g[m&rsm;
(c) oHk;aeusr[kwfaom a0g[m&rsm;
(*) ta&;BuD;aom o'gzGJUpnf;rIrsm;
(C) txl;cufcJaom pum;vHk;rsm;? 0gustpdwftydkif;rsm;ESifh 0gusrsm;
4/ qDavsmfaomtvm;wl pmydk'frsKd;udk SmazGyg/
u/ atmufygwdkUudk toHk;jyKum? rdrd\taMumif;t&mtm; tSif;vif;qHk;azmfjyaom
pmydk'fukdSm yg/
(1) "rynmtm; pHepfuspGm avhvmaompmtkyfrsm; (''systematic theology'' books)
(2) usrf;nTef;yg usrf;pmtkyfrsm;
(3) wlnDaompum;vHk;tvdkuf usrf;nTef;azmfjyaompmtkyfrsm; (concordances)
c/ qefUusifbufjzpfae[efSdaomfvnf; xdkodkYr[kwfaom (paradox) azmfjycsuf
rsKd;SdrSdSmazGyg/
ormusrf;pm\
ormw&m;trsm;tjym;wdkYudk
tusKd;oif
taMumif;oifhpGm azmfjyavhSdonf/ *dkPf;*ecsif; qefUusifwdkufcdkufrI rsm;pGmwdkYrSm
usrf;csufwpfckwnf;jzifh twnfjyKjcif; (proof-texting) rS ay:aygufvmjcif; jzpfNyD;?
ormusrf;pmqdkif&m wif;rmrIwpf0ufudk if;uzefwD; onf/ ormusrf;pmtm;vHk;
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;jzpfojzifh? teufjyef&m ormusrf;enf; us[efcsufnDap&ef
taMumif;t&m? tcsuftvufpHkvifpGm pl;prf;SmazG&ygrnf/
*/ tvm;wl taMumif;t&m? tcsuftvufrsm;tm; rdrdzwfIaomusrf;xJvnf;aumif;?
if; usrf;tm;jyKpkol a&;om;onfh tjcm;usrf;rsm;vnf;aumif;? (odkU)tvm;wl
pmaytrsKd;tpm; wdkU SmazGyg/ ormusrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;udk a&;om;olrSm
0dnmOfawmf wpfyg;wnf; omvQifjzpf &um;? ormusrf;pmtm; taumif;qHk;
teufjyefolrSm ormusrf;pmyifjzpfonf/
16

5/

ordkif;aMumif;ESifh
tjzpftysufrsm;taMumif;
rdrd\avhvmrIrsm;udkppfaq;&ef
taxmuftuljyK pmtkyfrsm;oHk;yg/
(u) avhvmrIESifh wGJzufaomormusrf;pmrsm;
(c)
ormusrf;pmqdkif&m okwpG,fpu
Hk srf;rsm;? vufpGJpmtkyfrsm;ESifh tbd"gefrsm;?
(*)
ormusrf;pm rdwfqufpmtkyfrsm;
(C)
teufzGifhusrf;rsm;/ (tqifh twdwfumvu ,HkMunfolrsm;ESifh
,ckvufSd,HkMunf olrsm;onf rdrd\avhvmrItm;ulnD&efESifh trSm;jyif
ay;Ekdif&ef cGifhjyKyg)

ormusrf;pmteufjyefrItm; vufawGUtoHk;csjcif;?
,ckvufawGUtoHk;csjcif;tydkif;odkU OD;vSnfhMurnf/ rdrdzwfIaomtaMumif;t&mtm;
rl&if;twdkif;
em;vnfoabmaygufEkdif&ef
tcsdef,lcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/
,ckwpfcg
if;udk
rdrdtoufwmxJ? rdrd,mOf aus;rIe,fy,fxJyif toHk;cs&efjzpfonf/ ormusrf;pm\tcGifhtmPmudk
uRefawmft"dyg,f owfrSwfyHkrSm ]]rl&if;usrf;jyKolonf rdrdacwf? rdrdumv ajymonfh
t&mtm;em;vnfum?
tqdkyg
ormw&m;ukdyif
,aeU
uRefawmfwdkU\acwfumv
vufawGUtoHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf}}[ljzpf\/
rl&if;usrf;jyKonfh
tcsdefumvESifhtusKd;taMumif;
oabmjzifh&nfG,fonfht&mtm;
teufjyefazmf xkwfrIudk vufawGUusifhoHk;rIu vdkufygvm&ygrnf/ ormusrf;pmtydk'fwpfydk'fonf
olUacwfolUtcgu ajymcJhaomt&mtm; em;rvnfrcsif;? ,aeUrdrd\acwfumvtwGuf toHk;jyKEkdif
rnfr[kwfacs/ usrf;ydk'fwpf ydk'f\qdkvdkcsuf r[kwfcJhbl;aomt&mwpfckonf? ,aeUumv\
qdkvdkcsufvnf;rjzpfEkdifacs/
tao;pdwfazmfjyonfh
t"dutaMumif;t&maumufEIwfcsuftm;
pmydk'fwpfcktjzpf
csJUa&;om;rI onf(ywfvnfzwfIjcif;\tausmh#3) oif\vrf;nTefjzpfaeayrnf/ vufawGY
toHk;csjcif;tm; pum;vHk; tqifhr,lbJ? pmydk'ftqifhom ,l&ygrnf/ pum;vHk;wpfvHk;onf
if;pum;vHk;ESifh tquftpyfrsm;om t"dyg,fSdonf/ 0gustydkif;wpfydkif;onf if;tydkif;ESifh
tquftpyfrsm; t"dyg,fSdonf/ teufjyefjcif; vkyfief;pOf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;&SdolrSm
rl&if;usrf;jyKol omvQifjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYrSm 0dnmOfawmf \Sif;vif;azmfjyrItm;jzifh?
rl&if;usrf;jyKolOD;aqmifac:oGm;&maemuf vdkufoGm;Mujcif; omjzpfonf/ odkUaomf Sif;vif;atmif
]]bk&m;Sif
odkUrdefUqdkonf}}[kqdkum?
rl&if;
azmfjyrIrSm
rIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfacs/
usrf;jyKol\&nfG,fcsufom
NrJjrHae&efjzpfonf/
vufawGUtoHk;csjcif;onf
a&;om;csuf
wpfckvHk;\a,bk ,s&nfG,fcsuf? pmaytrsKd;tpm;ESifh tus,fcsJU xm;aompmyd'k f tqifhwdkYESifh
twdtusqufpyfae&ygrnf/
uRefawmfwdkU\
,aeYacwfumvtaMumif;t&mtm;jzifh
ormusrf;pmudk
teufjyef
cGifhrjyKygESifh/ orm usrf;pmudkom pum;ajymapyg/ xdkUaMumifh rl&if;pmrSe,
d rrsm; qGJxkwf&ef
vdktyfaumif;
vdktyfEkdifonf/
rdrd
xkwfEIwfonfhed,ronf
rl&if;pmESihfudkufnDygu
w&m;0ifjzpfygonf/ uHraumif;? taMumif;rvSpGmyif uRefawmfwdkU\ed,rrsm;onf rl&if;pm\
ed,rrsm; r[kwfrlbJ? ]]uRefawmfwdkU udk,fydkif}}\ ed,rrsm;omvQif jzpfavhjzpfxSdonf/
ormusrf;pmtm; vufawGUtoHk;jyK&m ormusrf;pmSd usrf;wpfusrf;twGuf qdkvdk&if;
t"dyg,f wpfrsKd;wnf;omvQif w&m;0ifonf/ (tem*wdusrf;rsm;rl xdkodkUr[kwfacs/) tqdkyg
qdkvdk&if; t"dyg,frSm rl&if;usrf;jyKolu ta&;wBuD;jzpfaom(0g)olUtcsdefolUtcgu vdktyfcsuf
4/

17

wpfcktm; &nfpl;ajymqdk&m xm;Sd aom &nfG,fcsufESifhqufpyfonf/ xdkwpfrsKd; aomqdkvdk&if;

t"dyg,frS jzpfEkdifacsSdaom vufawGYtoHk;csrI rsm;pGm&,lEkdifonf/ vufawGU toHk;csjcif;onf
xdkusrf;tm; vufcH&Sdolrsm;\vdktyfcsufay: tajcjyK xm;jcif;jzpfonfhjyif? rl&if;usrf;jyKol\
qdkvdk&if;t"dyg,fESifh qufpyfae&ygrnf/
teufzGifhjcif; 0dnmOfa&;&mtydkif;
tckxd
uREfkyfaqG;aEG;oifjyaeonfrSm
teufzGifhjcif;ESifhtoHk;csjcif;
vkyfief;pOf
yg0ifaomaMumif;usKd; pOf;pm;awG;awmjcif;ESifh rl&if;pmqdkif&mrsm;jzpfonf/ ,ckteufjyefjcif;\
0dnmOfa&;&mtydkif;tm; tusOf;csKHU aqG;aEG;wifjyyg&ap/
u/ 0dnmOfawmf\ulnDyHhydk;rItwGuf qkawmif;yg/ (1aum 1;26- 2;6)
c/ rdrdodSdaomtjypfrsm;rS tjypfvTwfjcif;ESifh oefUSif;pifMu,fapa&;twGuf qkawmif;yg/
(1a,m 1;9)
*/ bk&m;ociftm; ydkrdkBuD;rm;pGm odSdvdkaompdwfqEarG;jrLEdkif&ef qkawmif;yg/ (qmvH 19;714/ 42;1/ 119;1)
C/ tawG;tjrifopfwpfckck&ygu csufjcif;toHk;jyKyg/
i/ ESdrfhcspGmjzifh oGefoif&aomol wpfa,mufjzpfaeygap/
tusKd;taMumif;qufpyfrIjzpfpOfESifh oefUSif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ OD;aqmifvrf;jyrIwdkUtMum;
[efcsuf nDnD qufvufxdef;xm;a&;rSm tvGefcufcJonf/ t&mESpfck[efcsufnDap&ef atmufyg
&nfnTef;csufwdkY onf uREfkyfudkrsm;pGmyHhydk;onf/

5/

u/

James W.Sire

\]]vdrfwGefUaom ormusrf;pm}} pmrsufESm 17-18 (Scripture

Twisting pp.

17-18)

]] Sif;vif;oabmaygufapjcif;tvkyfonf

0dnmOfawmfESifhjynhf0ol
vufaG;pif
vlvufwqkyfpmrsm; omvQifr[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;pdwfxJ a&mufSdvmonf/ c&pf,mef
okcrdef
tqifhtwef;rSd?tMum;
tjrifaygufol[l
oD;oefUrSd?
rSeu
f efaomteufjyefrI
tm;vHk;vm&rnfh oD;oefYvlyk*dKvf[lrSdacs/oefUSif; aom0dnmOfawmfonf ynm0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;?
xdk;xGifodjrifjcif; qkaus;Zl;? 0dnmOfa&;qdkif&m cGJjcm;odjrifwwf jcif;qkaus;Zl;rsm;ay;onfrSm
rSefaomfvnf; EIwfuywfawmftm; teufzGifh&ef tcGifhtmPmudk 0dnmOfqkaus; Zl;&Sdol
c&pf,mefrsm;om tyfESif;onfr[kwfacs/ bk&m;ocifxHrS txl;wwfpGrf;EkdifrI&Sdxm;ol tqdkyg
vlrsm;tay:yif tcGifhtmPmydkifvltjzpf &yfwnfaeum? ormusrf;pmtm; &nfnTef;udk;um;vsuf
avhvm qnf;yl;&ef? pD&ifqHk;jzwf&efESifh ydkif;jcm;odjrif&ef bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\vlwdkif;tm;
tyfESif;xm;onf/ usrf;wpfusrf;vHk;twGuf uREfkyf\t,ltqtusOf;csKH;rSm ormusrf;pmonf
vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk;odkU bk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,frdrd zGifhjyrItppftrSefjzpfonf/ if;ajymqdkonfh
t&mcyfodrf;wdkUonf
uRefawmfwdkU\
tqHk;pGefaom
tcGifhtmPmjzpfonf/
if;onf
zHk;uG,fxm;onfh vQKdU0Sufaomt&mr[kwfrlbJ? vlrsKd;raG; aumif;rGefvHkavmufpGm em;vnf
oabmaygufEdkifaom usrf;jzpfonf/}}}

c/

awGYSd&onfhKiekegaard \]]umodkvpfr[kwfolrsm; ormusrf;pmtm;

teufjyefyHk}} pm 75/ (Protestant Biblical Interpretation)
Bernard Ramm

18

]]ormusrf;pmtm; o'genf;us? rl&if;bmompum;&yfrsm;tm;jzifh? ordkif;aMumif;tajccHum

avhvm jcif;wdkUrSm vdktyfonfrSefaomfvnf; t"durSm ormusrf;pmtm; ppfrSefpGmzwfIjcif;jzpfonf/
ormusrf;pm tm; bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGufpum;tjzpf zwfIjcif;[lonf rdrd\ESvHk;om;tm;jzifh
ajrmfvifhwBuD;? ajczsm; axmufum? bk&m;ocifESifhpum; pjrnfajymjcif;tjzpf EIwfxJr
zwfI&efjzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmtm; rqifr jcifjzpfap? jzpfovdkjzpfap? ynmESifhjzpfap?
tvkyfoabmjzifhjzpfap zwfIjcif;wdkUrSm ormusrf;pmtm; bk&m; ocif\EIwfuywfawmftaejzifh
zwfIjcif;r[kwfacs/ vlwpfa,mufonf if;tm; rdrd\cspfol&nf;pm; ay;ydkU onfhpmwpfapmif
tvm;zwfIonfhtcgomvQif if;tm; bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmftjzpfzwfIjcif;rnf ayonf}}f/

*/

]]qDavsmfrISdaom ormusrf;pm}} (The Relevance of the Bible) pm? 19

]]ormusrf;pmtm;
OD;aESmuftm;jzifh
em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;onf
if;\
b@wdkuftvHk;pHktm; tjynfht0ydkifqdkifapEdkifvdrfhrnfh r[kwfacs/ xdkodkUaom em;vnfoabmayguf
jcif;onfvnf; jynfhpHkpGm oabm aygufjcif;twGuf rSdrjzpf ta&;BuD;t&mjzpfojzifh IwfcsrIjyKjcif;
r[kwfacs/ usrf;tm; tjynfht0 em;vnfoabmayguf&efqdkvQif if;\ 0dnmOfb@
wdkuftaMumif;tm; 0dnmOfa&;&mem;vnf oabmaygufrI vdktyfonf/ xdkodkU 0dnmOfa&;&mem;vnf
oabmaygufjcif;Sdap&ef todnmPfqdkif&m Edk;Mum;rIxuf ausmfvGefaom t&mwpfckvdktyfonf/
0dnmOfa&;udpudk
0dnmOftm;jzifhom
cGJjcm;odjrifEkdifonfjzpf&um;?
ormusrf;pm
oif,lavhvmolonf rdrd\ odyHenf;usavhvmrIudk ausmfvGefum? usrf;wumwdkU\ usrf;jzpfaom
usrf;\ ydkrdk<u,f0aomtarGtESpfrsm; ydkifqdkif&Sd&eftvdkUiSg? rdrdudk,frdrd udk,fawmfjrwfxH
qufuyftyfESH Edkifa&;twGuf bk&m;ociftm; SmazGawGUSdvdkonfh jyif;jyaom qEESifh? 0dnmOfa&;&m
emcHwwfaompdwfae pdwfxm;Sd&ef vdktyfonf/}}
6/

H. H. Rowley \

teufzGifhusrf;\enf;vrf;

teufzGifhjcif; avhvmrIvrf;nTef\teufzGifhjcif; vkyfief;pOftm;ulnD&ef atmufygtwdkif;

pDpOf xm;onf/
u/ usrf;wpfusrf;pDtm;
rdwfqufay;onfhordkif;aMumif;qdkif&m
tusOf;csLHU/
ywfvnf
zwfIjcif;tausmh # 3 NyD;pD;NyD;aemuf u@udk ppfaq;avhvmyg/
c/ usrf;pum;csif;
qufpyfrIoabmudk
tcef;BuD;wpfcktpwdkif;
awGU&avhSdonf/
pma&;om;rI yHkpH rnfodkUwnfaqmuf xm;yHktm;odEkdif&ef if;onf taxmuftul
jyKvdrfhrnf/
*/ tcef;BuD;wpfcef;\tp(0g)pmpkBuD;wpfcktp
pmydk'fcGJrsm;ESifh
if;wdkYtaMumif;
a&;om;azmfjyaom acgif;pOfrsm;udk acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm; xnfhay;xm;onf/
1/ The United Bible Society \rl&if;*&d? jyefvnfrGrf;rHaom pwkwtBudrf
yHkESdyfxkwfa0jcif; (UBS4)
2/ The New American Standard Bible, aemufqHk;xkwf 1995 (NASB)
3/ The New King James Version (NKJV)
4/ The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV)
5/ Today's English Version (TEV)
19

6/

The Jerusalem Bible (JB)

pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfacs/ if;wdkUudk taMumif;t&m

qufpyfrI tm;jzifh pDppf&efjzpfonf/ bmomjyefjcif;ESifht,ltqcsif;? "rynmtjrifcsif;
rwluGJjym;jcm;em;aom
acwfopfbmomjyef
usrf;tawmfrsm;rsm;rS
EIdif;,SOf
avhvmonfhtcg rl&if;usrf;jyKol rnfodkY awG;awmaMumif; cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm rdrd\
t,ltqwpfckudk
wnfaqmufEdkifpGrf;Sdaponf/
pmydk'fwpfck
pD
t"du
ormw&m;wpfckonf if;udk ]]acgif;pOf0gus(0g)]]rl&if;pm\ t"dutawG;tMuH}}[kac:
onf/ pkpnf;aygif;pyfay;aom awG;awmcsuf onf ordkif; aMumif;qdkif&mESifh
o'genf;us teuf jyefjcif;twGuf aumif;aomaomhcsufjzpfonf/ teufjyef&mjzpfap?
w&m;a[m&m jzpfap?oifMum; ydkUcs&mjzpfap? pmydk'fwpfydk'fxuf enf;aomtpdwftydkif;udk
tajcjyKum
rnfonfhtcgrQ
rjyK&yg/
xdkUjyif
pmydk'fwpfydk'fpDonf
if;\
ab;ywf0ef;usifpmydk'frsm;ESifhvnf; qufpyfvsufSdonf/ xdkUaMumifh usrf;wpfusrf;\
t"dutaMumif;t&mtm;aumufEIwf&m
pmydk'fwpfydk'fpmjyKjcif;rSm
ta&;BuD;vSonf/
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;cH&ol? rl&if;usrf;jyKol ajymjyonfhtaMumif;t&m\ usKd;aMumif;
qifjcifrIa&,OfaMumudk uRefawmfwdkU vdkufwwf&ayrnf/
C/ uRefawmf(Bob) \rSwfpkrsm;onf tcef;i,fwpfckNyD;wpfck teufjyefjcif;yHkpHudk
vdkufygonf/
if;enf;onf
uRefawmfwdkUtm;
rl&if;usrf;jyKol\
pdwful;
tawG;aemufudk vdkuf&ef wGef;tm;ay; onf/ uREfkyf\rSwfpkrsm;onf atmufyg u@
toD;oD;taMumif; ajymjyonf/
1/ pmta&;tom;csif; qufpyfrI
2/ ordkif;aMumif;? xHk;wrf;"avhqdkif&m todtjrifrsm;
3/ o'gydkif;qdkif&m taMumif;t&mrsm;
4/ pum;vHk;avhvmrIrsm;
5/ tvm;wl qDavsmfrISdaomusrf;ydk'frsm;
i/ teufzGifhusrf; toHk;jyKonfh New American Standard Version (1995) tm;
tcsKdUae&mrsm; tjcm; acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;jzifh jznfhpGwfxm;onf/
1/ The New King James Version (NKJV) rl&if;vufa&;pmrl ''Textus Receptus''
udkvdkufonf/
2/ The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) rSm vHk;aphywfaph jyefvnfrGrf;rGrf;aom
usrf;jzpf onf/
3/ The Today's English Version (TEV) rSm American Bible Society \
tjynfht0udkufnDaom bmomjyefusrf;jzpfonf/
4/ The Jerusalem Bible (JB) rSm jyifopfumodkvpftoif;awmf\tjynfht0
udkufnDaomt*Fvdyf bmomjyefusrf;jzpfonf/
p/ *&dbmom rwwfuRrf;olrsm;onf t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm; EIdif;,SOfavhvmygu
rl&if;pmyg jyomemrsm; rnfodkUjzpfaMumif; em;vnfEdkif&ef yHhydk;Edkifygonf/
q/ tcef;BuD;wpfcef;\tqHk;wdkif; tqdkygtcef;BuD;\ t"duteufjyefrItm; OD;wnfonfh
qDavsmf aomaqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm; jyifqifay;xm;ygaMumif;/
20

a&mrMo0g'pmrdwfquf
Introduction to epistle of Romans

tzGifhazmfjycsufrsm;
u/

c/

*/

C/

a&mrMo0g'pmonf
wrefawmfBuD;aygvk\pepftusqHk;ESifh
usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI
tjynfh0qHk; Mo0g'usrf; jzpfonf/ a&mrNrdKUawmf tajctaet&yf&yf\ tusdK;
oufa&mufrI rsm;pGm&Sdojzifh? usrf;rSm ]]tcsdefwefjzpfvmaom}} rSwfwrf;
wpf&yfjzpfonf/ Mo0g'pmudk aygvka&;om;&eftaMumif;zefvmaomt&mwcsdKU&Sdonf/
rnfodkYjzpfap Mo0g'pmrSm jyemukdifwG,f&ef (,HkMunfol*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh wpfyg;
trsdK;om; acgif;aqmifydkif;wdkY tMum;remvdkrIjyemjzpfEdkifonf/ 14;1-15;13ESpfck
udkEdIif;,SOfyg)/ aygvka&;om;aom pmrsm;teuf jyif;xefrItenf;yg;qHk;jzpfonf/
4if;rSm{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onftoufwmtwGufrnfodkYt"dyg,f&SdaMumif;tm;Mo0g
'pm&Sif;vif;pGmwifjyjcif;jzpfonf/
a&mrMo0g'pmonf*vmwdMo0g'pmygormw&m;qdkif&m"rynmwdk;wufjzpfay:rIonf/
{zufMo0g'pmrSm a&mrMo0g'pmtm; tusOf;csKHum wpfywfjyef ausmhaom
wdk;wufrIjzpfonf/
aygvka[majymaom
{0Ha*vdw&m;onf
ajymif;vJjcif;
r&Sdaomfvnf;4if; tm;wifjyyHkwifjyenf;rSm ajymif;vJonfomjzpf\/
a&mrMo0g'pm{0Ha*vd owif;aumif;tm;aygvkwifjyyHkonf acwfumvwpfckpDwdkif;
&Sdaomtoif;awmfwGif; b0toufwmMoZmoufa&mufonf/
1/
Mo*ufpwif Augustine onf at'D 386 a&mr 13;13-14 tm;zwf&mrS
ajymif;vJoGm;cJhonf/
2/
u,fwifjcif;w&m;tm; Martin Luther em;vnfyHkonf at'D 1513 qmvH
31;1 ESifh a&mr 1;17 ([AuKwf2;4ESifh EdIif;,SOf)wdkYudkEdIif;,SOf&mrS
jywfom;pGmajymif;vJoGm;cJhonf/
3/
John Wesley *Ref0DpvDonf at'D 1738 vef'efNrdKUxJusif;yonfh
Mennonite toif;awmfpnf;a0;yGJ wpfcktem;vrf;avQmuf oGm;&if;
rmwifvlom;\ a&mrMo0g' pmrdwfquf a'oemtm;pmjzifh zwfMuonfudk
Mum;&mu ajymif;vJoGm;cJhonf/ xdkaeYtpnf;ta0; owfrSwfxm;onfh
w&m;a[mq&may:rvmojzifh txufyg twdkif; rmwifvlom\ pmjzifh
a&;om;xm;onfh a'oemtm; zwfMum;jcif;jzpfonf/
a&mrMo0g'pmtm;em;vnfjcif;onfc&pf,mefjzpfjcif;tm;em;vnfjcif;jzpfonf/
Mo0g'pmonfa,I\b0toufwmESifh oGefoifrIrsm;tm; acwfumvrsm;tm;vHk;
toif;awmftwGuf ormw&m;\ tajccHtkwfjrpfcsay;onf/ rmwlvlom;u
Mo0g'pmtm; ]]"ropfusrf;\ t"dutusqHk;usrf;ESifh tpifMu,fqHk;aom {0Ha*vd
owif;aumif;jzpfonf/}} [kqdkonf/
21

i/

uREfkyfonf,HkMunfolvlopfrsm;tm;aeYpOformusrf;pmzwfIjcif;tusifh
pwif&eftm;
ay;wdkufwGef;avh&Sdonf/ xdkodkYjyK&m"ropfusrf;\ usrf;oHk;usrf;jzifh pwif&eftm;
ay;axmufcHonf/
1/
a,ItaMumif;em;vnf&ef a,m[efc&pf0ifusrf;
2/
toif;awmfrsm;tm;a,IoGefoifonfh t&mrsm;udkem;vnf&efa&mrMo0g'pm
3/
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;twdkif;aeYpOfrnfuJhodkYtouf&Sif&rnfudkod&Sd&ef
yxra,m[efMo0gpm

usrf;jyKol

usrf;jyKolrSmaygvkyifjzpfonf/ ol\EIwfqufpum;ajymjcif;yHkpHtm; 1;1 awGU&onf/

aygvk\
]]ukd,fcEmpl;aomql;}}
qdkonfrSmrsufpdrIefjcif;jzpfonf[k
trsm;tm;jzifh
oabmwlxm;MuonfESifhtnD olonf Mo0g'pmudkrdrdukd,fwdkif ra&;bJTertiusaw&wdac:
pma&;wpfa,muftoHk;jyKonf/ (16;22)/

tcsdefumv
u/

c/

a&mrMo0g'pmudka&;om;csdefrSmat'D56-58twGif;jzpfEdkifonf/ ESpfumvrSm
"ropfusrf;wpfusrf;tm;a&;om;csdet
f jzpftwdtusowfrSwfEdkifaomESpfumvjz
pfonf/ 4if;udkwrefawmf 20;2 ESifh a&mr15;17wdkYtm; EIdif;,SOf&mrS
&&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ a&mrMo0g'pmudkaygvk\ wwd,ajrmuf omoemjyKc&D;
tqHk;ydkif;
a,kpvifNrdKUodkY
rxGufcGmrDaum&dEKNrdKU
a&;om;cJhjcif;jzpf
[ef&Sdygonf/
aygvka&;om;aomMo0g'rsm;\ ou&mZfpOfjyZ,m;/ F.F Bruce ESifh Murry
Harris wdkY\tenf;i,fjyifqifa&;om;csufudk,lxm;onf/

ESpfumv
Mo0g'pm
1/
*vmwd
48
2/
1oufomavmed 50
3/
2oufomavmed 50
4/
1aum&dEK
55
5/
2aum&dEK
56
6/
a&mr
57
7-10/ tusOf;axmifrS a&;aompmrsm;
aumavmoJ 60 tapmydkif;
{zuf
60 tapmydkif; a&mr
Zdavrkef
60 tapmydkif;
zdvdyd
62-63
11-13/ av;BudrfajrmufomoemjyKc&D;
1 wdarmao 63 (0g) aemufydkif;
wdwk
63 (0g) rwdkifrD

ae&m

wrefawmf0wKESifh qufpyfrI
qD;&D;,m;^tEDtkwf 14;28/ 15;2
aum&dEK
18;5
aum&dEK
{zuf
19;20
rmaua'ged
20;2
aum&dEK
20;3

28;30-31
rmaua'ged
{zuf ()
22

2wdarmao 63 at?'D 64

a&mr

vufcH&&Sdolrsm;
a&mrNrdKUodkYydkY&efjzpfaMumif;Mo0g'pmxJazmfjyonf/ a&mrNrdKU toif;awmf wnfaxmifol
rnfoljzpfaMumif;rod&Sd&acs/
u/ yifawukawyGJawmfaeY tvnfa&muf&SdoltcsdKUonf ajymif;vJrI&&Sdum tdrfjyefa&muf
onhftcg toif;awmf pwifcJhMujcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (wrefawmf 2;10)
c/
oawzefaoqHk;NyD;aemufa,kpvifNrdKUSif;yef;ESdyfpufrItwGif;
xGufajy;oGm;aomwjynfhawmfrsm; jzpfEdkifonf/ (wrefawmf 8;4)
*/
aygvk\omoemjyKc&D;rsm; ajymif;vJrI&&SdcJhaom a&mrNrdKUodkYc&D;oGm;olrsm;jzpfEdkifonf/
aygvkonftoif;awmfodkYroGm;a&mufcJhbl;aomfvnf;? oGm;a&muf&efawmihfwonf/
(wrefawmf 19;21)/ xdkNrdKUolYrdwfaqGrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ (a&mr 16)/
a,k&SvifNrdKUodkY ]]arwmvufaqmif}} rsm;ay;ydkYNyD;aemuf pydefjynfodkY oGm;&if;
a&mrNrdKUodkY0if&ef
olpDpOfcJhaMumif;
xif&Sm;onf
(a&mr15;28)/
ajrxJyifv,f
ta&SUydkif;a'ordrdtrIawmf
vkyfief;NyD;pD;cJhNyD[k
aygvkcHpm;&onf/
e,fopfrsm;odkY
olajcqefYvdkonf (a&mr15;20-21 28)/ aygvk\pmudkaum&dEKNrdKUrS a&mrNrdKUodkY ydkYay;olrSm
oif;axmuf trsdK;orD;wpfa,mufjzpfNyD;? olrrSmxdkt&yfodkYc&D;oGm;rnfholjzpfonf (a&mr16;1)/
yxr&mpkESpftwGif;
*sL;vlrsdK;&GufzsifwJcsKyfvkyfolwpfa,mufu
aum&dEKNrdKU\
acsmifusaom vrf;rsm; aeuma&;om;cJhaompmonftb,faMumifhrQwefbdk;&Sd&oenf;
rmwifvlom; upmudk ]]"ropfusrf; t"dutusqHk;aomusrf;ESifh tpifMu,fqHk;aom
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;}} [kac:qdkonf/ usrf;\wefbdk; udk{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm;
eufdIif;pGm&Sif;vif;
azmfjy&mawGU&dS&onf/
usrf;udk
wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;twGuf
wrefawmf[kac:qdkol? *sL;bmomq&mBuD;wjzpfvJ? wmINrdKUom;a&Smvka&;om;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
aygvka&;om;aompmtrsm;pk rSma'oE&t&yfa'owpfckESifh tao;pdwf oufqdkifavh
&Sdaomfvnf; a&mrMo0g'pmrl xdkodkYr[kwfacs/ usrf;rSmwrefawmfBuD; wpfyg;\
,HkMunfrItm;pepfwus wifjyjcif;jzpfonf/
,HkMunfjcif;w&m;taMumif;&Sif;vif;a&;om;&m ,aeY c&pf,mefrsm; toHk;jyKonfh
enf;ynmydkif;qdkif&m a0g[m&trsm;pkkjzpfaom ajzmifhrwf&mwnfapjcif; (justification)?
rSwf,ljcif; (imputation)? om;t&may;jcif; (adoption)ESifh oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;
(sactification)
wdkYrSma&mrMo0g'pmrS
jzpfaMumif;owdjyKrdygovm;
4if;onf
*vmwdMo0g'pmyg ormw&m;qdkif&m "rynmwdk;wwfjzpfay:rIjzpfonf/ ,aeYuRefawmfwdkY\
b0toufwmtwGuf bk&m;&Sif\tvdkawmfudktwlwuGpl;prf;avhvm&m bk&m;&Sifonf
Mo0g'pmtm;jzifhthHMozG,f&mjyygrnftaMumif;qkawmif;yg/

23

&nf&G,fcsuf
u/ pydefjynfodkYol\omoemjyKc&D;pOftwGufa&mrNrdKUtoif;awmf\tultnDawmif;jcif;/
aygvkonfajrxJyifv,fta&SUydkif;rdrd\omoemjyKvkyfief;NyD;pD;oGm;cJhNyD[kjrifonf/
(15;20-2328)/
c/
a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmftwGif;
jzpfay:onfh,HkMunfol*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh
,HkMunfol
wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tMum;jyemtaMumif;ajym&ef/ jyemrSm *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;
tm;vHk;
a&mrNrdKUrSESifh
xkwfcHNyD;aemuf
olwdkYjyefvnfa&muf&Sdvm&mrS
jzpfay:jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
xdkpOfu*sL;vlrsdK;
c&pf,mefacgif;aqmifrsm;ae&m
wyg;trsdK;om; c&pf,mef acgif;aqmifrsm;jzifh tpm;xdk;xm;onf/
*/
olYudk,fola&mr toif;awmfESifh rdwfquf&ef/ a,k&SvifNrdKUrS oabm
xm;pifMu,fonfh *sL;vlrsdK;ajymif;vJolrsm;ua&m (wrefawmf15u a,k&Svif
aumifpDudk Munfhyg)/ oabmxm; rpifMu,fonfh*sL;rsm; (*vmwdMo0g'pmESifh
2aum&dEK
3?10-13rsm;awGU&onfh*sL;bmom0ifrsm;)
tygt0if
wpfyg;
trsdK;om;rsm; (aumavmoJESifh{zufNrdKUrsm;rS) jzpfonfh {0Ha*vd owif;aumif;tm;
rdrdwdkYcspfjrwfEdk;onfhoDtdk&Drsm; (0g)tawG;tac: rsm;ESifh a&maESmvkdolrsm; (Oyrm
aemhpwpf0g'Drsm;) uaygvkudk rsm;pGmqefYusifbuf jyKMuonf/
C/ aygvktm;a,I\oGefoifrIrsm;udk t&rf;um a&mjznfhpGufvsuf aMumufp&m
aumif;avmuf atmiftqef;xGif oltjzpfpGypf GJcJhMuonf/ olonf"ra[mif;usrf;ESifh
a,I\oGefoifrIrsm;udk
(c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;)toHk;jyKvsuf?
ola[majymonfh
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;rnfrQppfrSefaMumif;jyojcif;tm;jzifhrdrdudk,frdrd
a&mrMo0g'pmtm;jzifh pepfwusumuG,fjcif;jzpfonf/
t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;tusOf;csKyf
u/ rdufqufpum; (1;1-17)
1/ EIwfqufpum; (1;1-7)
1/pma&;ol (1-5)
2/aemufqHk;yef;wdkif (6-7u)
3/EIwfqufjcif; (7 c)
2/ tcsdeftcg^tjzpftysuf (1;8-15)
3/ OD;wnfcsuf (1;16-17)
c/ bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;vdktyf (1;18? 3;20)
1/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;\ avmuqkwf,kwfaejcif; (1;18-3;20)
2/ *sL;rsm; (0g)wyg;trsdK;om; odum&Sifrsm;olawmfaumif;a,mifaqmifaeMujcif;(2;116)
3/ *sL;rsm;tm; w&m;pD&ifjcif; (2;17-3;8)
4/ wpfavmuvHk;tm;jypf'PfpD&ifjcif; (3;9-20)
*/ bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;[lonf tb,fenf; (3;21-8;39)
24

1/ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhom ajzmifhwfrI&&Sdjcif; (3;21-31)

2/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;\tajccHbk&m;ocif\uwdawmf (4;1-25)
(1)tmjA[H\rSefuefaom&yfwnfrI (4;1-5)
(2)'g0d'f (4;6-8)
(3) tmjA[HESifh ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;qufpyfrI (4;9-12)
(4) tmjA[HtwGuf bk&m;ocif\uwdawmf (4;13-25)
3/ ajzmifhrwf&modkYa&mufjcif; (5;1-21)
(1) pdwfydkif;qdkif&mjrifuGif;-rxdkufwefaomarwmawmf? rnDrQaom0rf;ajrmufrI
(5;1-5)
(2) yifyrSjrif&aomtajccH-tHhbG,farwmawmf (5;6-11)
(3) tm'Honf c&pfawmftm;yHkaqmif-tm'HjypfrSm;jcif;? bk&m;ocif\ axmufyHhrI
(5;12-21)
4/
bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;onfvlyk*dKvfwpfOD;csif;ajzmifhrwfrIjzpfay:ap&rnf
(6;1-7;25)
u/ tjypfrSvTwfajrmufonf (6;1-14)
(1) &nf&G,faomjiif;ckefjcif;wpfck (6;1-2)
(2) a&ESpfr*Fvm\t"dyg,f (6;3-14)
c/ pmwef\aus;uRef (0g)bk&m;ocif\ aus;uRefrdrda&G;cs,frI twdkif; jzpfonf
(6;15-23)
*/ vlonfynwfawmfESifh vufxyfxdrf;jrm; (7;1-6)
C/ ynwfawmfonf aumif;aomfvnf;? tjypfonf aumif;aom t&mudkqD;wm;
(7;7-14)
i/ ,HkMunfol tqdk;ESifh taumif;\xm0&wdkufcdkufrI (7;15-25)
5/ bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh qdkifaomjrifomonfh&v'frsm; (8;1-39)
(1) 0dnmOfawmftxJutouf (8;1-17)
(2) zefqif;cHow0grsm;tm; a&G;EIwfjcif; (8;18-25)
(3) 0dnmOfawmf\ rjywfrvyfaxmufrrI (8;26-30)
(4) ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfrIonf w&m;pD&ifjcif;tay:atmifEdkifjcif;
(8;31-39)
C/ vlom;tm;vHk;twGufbk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsuf (9;1-11;32)
1/ tpa&;vlrsdK;tm;a&G;aumufjcif; (9;1-33)
(1) ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;tarG;cHoltppfrsm; (9;1-13)
(2) bk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPm (9;14-26)
(3) wavmuvHk;twGufbk&m;&Sif\tpDtpOf wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;vnf;yg/(9;27-33)
2/ tpa&;vlrsdK;rsm;tm;u,fwifjcif; (10;1-21)
(1) bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh vl\ajzmifhrwfjcif;NydKifbufjzpf (10;1-13)
25

(2) bk&m;ocif\*kPmawmfonfowif;ydkYrnfholrsm;vdktyfvmaponf/
urmhomoemjyKvkyfief;twGufzdwfac:onf (10;14-18)
(3) tpa&;rsm;c&pfawmfudk r,HkMunfyJqufvuf&Sd (10;19-21)
3/ tpa&;\IH;edrfhjcif; (11;1-36)
(1) *sL;t<uif;tusefrsm; (11;1-10)
(2) *sL;rsm;\ remvdkrI (11;11-24)
(3) tpa&;acwrsufpduef;jcif; (11;25-32)
(4) aygvkxHrS yGifhxGufvmaomcsD;rGrf;rI (11;33-36)
i/ ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif; qkaus;Zl;\&v'f (12;1-15;13)
1/ qufuyf&efurf;vSrf;jcif; (12;1-2)
2/ qkaus;Zl;rsm;toHk;jyKjcif; (12;3-8)
3/ ,kHMunfoltcsif;csif;wdkY\ qufqHa&; (12;9-21)
4/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh qufqHa&; (13;1-7)
5/ tdrfeD;csif;rsm;ESifh qufqHa&; (13;8-10)
6/ udk,fawmfeSifh qufqHa&; (13;11-14)
7/ toif;oltoif;rsm;ESifh qufqHa&; (14;1-12)
8/ tjcm;olrsm;tay:rdrdwdkY\ tusdK;oufa&mufrI (12;13-23)
9/ c&pfawmfESifh oPmefwlrltm;jzifh qufqHjcif; (15;1-13)
p/ ed*Hk;csKyf (15;14-33)
1/ aygvkudk,fwdkif\ tpDtpOf (15;12-29)
2/ qkawmif;ay;&ef arwm&yfcHjcif; (15;30-33)
q/ jznfhpGufcsuf (16;1-27)
1/ EIwfqufpum;rsm; (16;1-24)
2/ aumif;csD;ay;jcif; (16;25-27)
zwfIjcif;jzpfpOfwpf (pm viii -I)
qdkvdkonfrSm
4if;rSmteufzGifhrItwGuf
vrf;Tefjcif;tm;avhvmrIjzpfonf/
ormusrf;pmtm; rdrd[m rdrdteufzGifh&m rdrdwGifwm0ef&Sdonf[kqdkvkdonf/ uRefawmfwdkY
wpfOD;csif;pDonfrdrd&&Sdxm;onfh tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef
&moifudk,fwdkif? ormusrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/
ormusrf;pmtm;teufzGifhjcif; tvkyfudk teufzGifh usrf;a&;olrsm;tay:om yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
usrf;wpfusrf;tm;wpfxdkifwnf;ESifhtNyD;zufyg/
tqdkygusrf;wpfusrf;vHk;\t"duOD;wnfcsuftm;rdrdudk,fydkifpum;jzifhazmfjyyg/
1/ usrf;wpfckvHk;\ OD;wnfcsuf
2/ rnfuJhodkYaompmayta&;tom;rsdK;jzpfaMumif; (genre)

26

ZwfIjcif;jzpfpOfESpf (pm viii -I)

qdkvdkonfrSm
4if;rSmteufzGifhrItwGuf
vrf;Tefjcif;tm;avhvmrIjzpfonf/
ormusrf;pmtm; rdrd[m rdrdteufzGifh&m rdrdwGifwm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvkdonf/ uRefawmfwdkY
wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;onfh tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm;
teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif? ormusrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"ge
tusqHk;jzpfonf/
ormusrf;pmtm;
teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk
teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;
tay:om yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/
tqdkygusrf;udkyif wpfxdkifwnf;jzifh 'kwd,tBudrfzwfyg/ t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;udk
tusOf;a&;umtqdkygtaMumif;t&mudk 0guswpfckwnf;jzifhazmfjyyg/
1/ yxrtkyfpk\taMumif;t&m
2/ 'kwd,tkyfpk\taMumif;t&m
3/ wwd,tkyfpk\taMumif;t&m
4/ pwkwtkyfpk\taMumif;t&m
5/ tjcm;...

27

a&mr 1
acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm;tydkif;vdkufcGJjcif;1
NKJV
NRSV
UBS4
EIwfqufjcif; EIwfqufpum; EIwfqufjcif;
1;1-7
1;1-7
1;1-6
1;7u
1;7 c

TEV
EIwfqufjcif;
1;1
1;2-6

aus;Zl;awmf
aygvkoGm;vdk
1;8-15

aus;Zl;awmfcsD;
rGrf; jcif;

{0Ha*vdw&m;
\wefcdk;
1;16-17

ajzmifhrwfolo
nf
,HkMunfjcif;jzifh
touf&Sif
1;16-17

usrf;\OD;wnfcs {0Ha*vdw&m;
jyjcif; \wefcdk;
uf
1;16-17
1;16-17

1;3-7

1;7u
1;7 c
csD;rGrf;jcif; aom aus;ZlawmfcsD;rGrf;
qkawmif;jcif;
ESifhqkawmif;jcif;
1;8-12 1;13- 1;8-15
15

a&mrNrdKUokdY
aygvkoGm;vdk
1;8-15

1;8-15

NJB
rdefYqdkjcif; 1;1-2

{0Ha*vdw&m;\
OD;wnfcsuftm;azmf
1;16-17

pmydk'frsm;onf0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\
&nf&G,fcsuftm; vdkufem&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ acwfopfbmomjyef usrf;wpfckpDonf tcef;BuD;wpfckudk tydkif;cGJumtusOf;csKyfMuonf/ pmydk'fwpfckpD
t"duacgif;pOf wpfckormw&m; (0g) tawG;tac: wpfckpD&Sdonf/ bmomjyefusrf;wpfckpDonf tqdkyg acgif;pOfudk rddrdenf; rdrd[efjzifh
tusOf;csKyfMuonf/ taMumif;t&mudk zwf&if;tqdkyg taMumif;t&mESifh tcef;i,f ydkif;jcm;rIrsm;tm; rdrdem;vnfoabmaygufyHkonf rnfonfh
bmomjyefusrf;ESifh udkufnDaMumif; pOf;pm;yg/
tcef;BuD;wpfckwdkif;tm; ormusrf;pmyxrOD;pGmzwfIum 4if;yg0ifonfh taMumif;t&mrsm; (pmydk'frsm;) udkcGJjcm; owfrSwfEdkif&efBudK;pm;yg/
NyD;aemuf rdrdem;vnf&yHktm;acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;ESifh EdIif;,SOfyg/ rlvusrf;jyKol\ &nf&G,fcsuftm;ol\tawG;tac:ESifh wifjyyHktwdkif;
em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifrSom ormusrf;pmudkem;vnf oabmaygufEdkifygonf/ rl&if;usrf;jyKolomvQif 0dnmOfawmf rIwfoGif;jcif;jzpfum pmIolrsm;
rl&if;usrf;jyKolajymonfht&mtm; ajymif;vJ&ef (0g) qDavQmfatmifjyifqifydkifcGifhr&Sdacs/ ormusrf;pmzwfIolrsm;\wm0efrSm0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;xm;aom
ormw&m;tm;rdrdwdkYb0toufwm vufawGUtoHk;cs&efjzpfonf/
a0g[m&rsm;ESifh twdkaumufpmvHk;rsm;udk aemufqufwGJwpf? ESpf ESifh oHk;wdkY jynfhpHkpGm&Sif;vif;xm;ygonf/

28

vlom;t
rajzmifhrwfol
tjypf
jypf&Sd
jcif; rsm;tay:trsuf tm;bk&m;&Sif
1;18-23
awmf 1;18-32 w&m;pD
&ifjcif;
1;18-23
1;24-25
1;26-27
1;24-32
1;28-32

vlom;t
jypf&Sd
1;18-23
1;24-25
1;26-27
1;28-32

wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;
jcif; tm;bk&m;&Sifjyeff
vnfay;qyfjcif;
1;18-23
1;24-25
1;26-27
1;28-32

ZwfIjcif;jzpfpOfoHk; (pm viii -I)

qdkvdkonfrSm
4if;rSmteufzGifhrItwGuf
vrf;Tefjcif;tm;avhvmrIjzpfonf/
ormusrf;pmtm;rdrd[m rdrdteufzGifh&m rdrdwGifwm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvkdonf/ uRefawmfwdkY
wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;onfh tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm;
teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif? ormusrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"ge
tusqHk;jzpfonf/
ormusrf;pmtm;
teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk
teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;
tay:om yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/
xdktcef;BuD;udkwpfxkdifwnf;ESifhzwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;owfrSwfazmfjyyg/
rdrd\ taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk acwfopfbmomjyef usrf;ig;ckwdkYESifh EIdif;,SOfyg/
pmydk'frsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif; r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ &nf&G,fcsuf
tm;em;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmteufzGifhjcif;\ t"du rPKdifjzpfonf/
pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&m wpfckjzpfNyD;? pmydk'fwpfydk'f taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd,pmykd'f
4/ tjcm; ...
pum;tquftpyfudkMunfh em;vnfEdkifjcif; (Contextual Insights)
u/ ti,f 1-7 onftzGifhpum; jzpfonf/ 4if;rSmaygvka&;aompmrsm;teuf t&SnfqHk;aom
tzGifhpum;jzpfonf/
olonfrdrdtm;
vlyk*dKvftm;jzifhrodcJh&bJ?
olYtaMumif;
raumif;owif;rsm;Mum;cJh aumif;Mum;cJhEdkifaom toif;awmfwpfyg;tm;rdrdudk,frdrdESifh
olY"rynm tawG;tac:tm; rdwfquf&ef tm;xkwfjcif;jzpfonf/
c/
ti,f 8-12 rSmaus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;aomtzGihfqkawmif;csufjzpfonf/ 4if;onf
*&dvlrsdK;rsm;ESifh txl;ojzifhaygvk\pma&;[efjzpfonf/
*/
ti,f 16-17 onfusrf;\t"dutaMumif;t&mjzpfonf/

29

C/

i/

p/

q/

ti,f18 rS 3;20 onf yxrtkyfpkESifh aygvka[maom {0Ha*vdw&m;\

yxrtcsufjzpfonf/ vlom;tm;vHk;(tkyfpk3-rsdK;) ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;ojzifh u,fwif&ef
vkdtyfonf (urm3)/
1/ tusifhoDvuif;aom omoemyvlrsm;
2/ tusifhoDv&dSaom omoemyvlrsm;
3/ *sL;rsm;
a&mr 1;18-3;20 onf urmOD;usrf;tcef;BuD; 3udka&mifjyef[yfonf/ (*sL;usrf;wwf
q&mBuD;rsm;onfvl\ ADZtjypftjzpfurmOD;usrf;tcef;BuD;6 udk xl;qef;pGm tmHkjyK
Muonf/ vlom;udkbk&m;ocifESifhrdwfo[m,jyK&efoPmefawmfESifh tnD zefqif;onf
(urmOD;usrf;1;26-27)/odkYaomf vlom;onftodOmPf? wefcdk;ESifh vGwfvyfrIudk
a&G;cs,fcJhonf/
trSefrSmvlom;wdkYonfbk&m;ocif\csD;ajrmufrItm;rdrdudk,frdrdcsD;ajrmufrItm;jzifh
tpm;xdk; vJvS,fcJhMuonf/ (bk&m;rJhvlom;0g')
tqHk;tjzwfay;jcif;udkbk&m;ocifcGifhjyKonf/ bk&m;ocif\ oPmefjzpfjcif;
qdkonfrSm wm0ef&Sdjcif;? udk,fhusifh w&m;t& wm0ef&Sdjcif;\tusdK;qufrsm;ESifh
ywfouf rdrd\ pdwfapwem tavQmufvGwfvyfjcif; jzpfonf/bk&m;ocifonf
vlom;rsm;tm; rdrd\ a&G;cs,frI?olwdkY\ a&G;cs,frIESpfckpvHk;tm;jzifh oD;jcm;cGJonf/
(ESpfOD;ESpfzuf y#dnmOfw&m;tm;jzifh qufqHjcif;) udk,fawmfonf olwdkYtm;rdrdwkdY\
twESifh4if;\ aemufqufwGJrsm;tm;vHk;ESifh twla&G;cs,fydkifcGifh ay;onf/
bk&m;ocifonf pdwfemoGm;cJhaomfvnf; (urmOD;6;5-7) vlom;wdkYrSm rlvkyfydkifcGifh
tjynfht0ESifh 4if;aMumifh jzpfvmaomwm0ef&dSjcif; tvHk;pHkjzifh udk,fusifhw&m;
vGyfvyfolrsm; jzpfMuonf/ ]]tyfvdkufawmfrlonfESifhtnD}} qdkonfhpum;pktm;
xyfcgwvJvJazmfjyjcif;onf (1;24?26?28) tqdkygvGwfvyfrI tm;todtrSwf
jyKjcif;jzpfNyD;? bk&m;ocif\ wrifoufoufjiif;qefjcif;r[kwfacs/ 4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\
a&G;cs,frIr[kwf/ urmrSmbk&m;ocif&nf&G,fxm;onfh urmrsdK;r[kwfacs/ (urmOD;
3;22/ 6;5-7?11-13)
1;18-3;20\ "rynmtm;jzifh tusOf;csKyfudk 3;21-31 awGU&onf/ 4if;rSm
vlom;tm;vHk; tjypfjyKcJhMuNyD bk&m;ocif\ tjypfvGwfjcif; vdktyfonf[laom {0Ha*vd
owif;aumif;ESifh yxrOD;qHk;aom "rynmqdkif&m tcsufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
jyefvnfrdwfo[m,jzpfEdkif&ef
vrf;aMumif;wpfcktm;
ukPmoufpGmjzifh
jyifqifay;xm;onf/ ({'ifO,smOf tawGUtBuHKtm; urmOD; 1-2 ESifh Asm'dwf 21-22
wdkYjzifhEdIif;,SOfjcif;)/
{0Ha*vd owif;aumif;tm; aygvkwifjycsufjzpfonfh yxrtkyfpkpdwf0ifpm;p&mrSm
tjypfxJusqif;aom vlom;tm;rdrdwdkY\ykefuefrIESifh tjypftwGufwm0ef&Sd&mwGifpmwef
(0g) ewfqdk;? 0dnmOfqdk;rsm;tm;xnfhoGif;azmfjyjcif;r&SdrIjzpfonf/ (a&mr1;18-3;20)/
tydkif;onfurmOD;usrf;tcef;BuD; 3 udka&mifjyef[yfonf rSefaomfvnf; tjypfjyK&ef
aoG;aqmifol yk*dKvftjzpf wpfpHkwpf&mtm;azmfjyrIr&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
30

tjypfvkyfaomvlom;tm;pmwefudkaomfvnf;aumif; (urmOD; 3;13)? rdrdbk&m;ocif

udkaomfvnf;aumif; (urmOD;3;12)? aemufwzeftjypfwifcGifhrjyKawmhacs/ vlom;udk
bk&m;ocif\oPmefawmfESifh tnDzefqif;jcif;jzpfonf/ (urmOD; 1;26/5;1? 3/9;6)/
olwdkYa&G;cs,f&eftcGifhta&;? wefckd;ESifhwm0ef&Sdayonf/ olwdkYrdrdwkdY a&G;cs,frItwGuf
tm'HtxJwpf&yfvHk;tay:ESifh rdrdudk,fwdkif jyKaomtjypf twGufwpfOD;csif;
wm0ef&SdMuonf/ (3;23)/
pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pkrsm;tm;avhvmjcif;
NASB(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)usrf; 1;1-6
1

a,Ic&pf\
uRefigaygvkonf
wrefawmfwpfyg;tjzpfac:zdwfcH&olESifh?
bk&m;ocif\
2
{0Ha*vdw&m; twGuf oD;oefYcGJxm;jcif; cH&oljzpfonf/ xdkw&m;onf oefY&Sif;aomormusrf; pmrdrd\
ya&mzufrsm;tm;jzifh uwdxm;awmfrlaom 3vlYZmwdtm;jzifh'g0d'ftrsdK;jzpfawmfrlxaom 4oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh aojcif;rS xajrmufawmfrlaom? bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfaMumif; wefcdk;awmftm;jzifh
xif&Sm;awmfrl aomrdrd om;awmftaMumif;jzpfownf;/ 5igwdkYonf xdkociftm;jzifh aus;Zl;awmfESifh
6
4if;rSma,Ic&pfawmf\ ac:zdwfcH&oloifwdkY tygt0ifvnf;jzpfaom?
wrefawmft&mudk&Mu\/
wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;txJemrawmftbdkYtvdkiSg?,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;emcHMuap&efjzpf\/

1;1 ]]aygvk}} aygvkacwfumv *sL;vlrsdK;trsm;pk emrnfyxrydkif;*sL;emrnfwpfvHk;?

'kwd,ydkif; a&mremrnf wpfvHk;[lemrnfESpfvHk;&SdMuonf/ (wrefawmf13;9)/ aygvk\
*sL;emrnfrSm a&Smvkjzpfonf/ olonfa&S;acwftpa&;bk&ifBuD;a&Smvkenf;wl bif*srif
tEG,fjzpfonf (a&mr11;1/ zd3;5)/ *&dyHkpHol\ a&mremrnfrSmaygvk (aygvkpf)NzpfNyD;
]]ao;i,fonf}}[kt"dyg,f&Sdonf/
4if;u&nfTef;aeonfrSm1/
"ropfusrf;xJ ryg0ifaom 'kwd,&mpkESpftwGif;a&;om;onfh aygvk\
vkyfaqmifrIrsm; (The Acts of Paul) ac:usrf;wpfusrf;\tcef;BuD;wpfck
oufomavmedNrdKUtaMumif;a&;om;&m ]]aygvkESifh ouf(cf)vm Paul and
Thekla}} qdkaomemrnfESpfckyg0ifonf/
2/
olonftoif;awmfudk Sif;yef;cJholjzpfjcif;aMumifh (1aum 15;9/ {zuf3;8/ 1wd
1;15) oefY&Sif;olrsm;teuf ti,fqHk;tjzpfolYudk,folodjrifonf/
3/
olarG;bGm;pOfrdbrsm;ay;onfh emrnf a&G;cs,f&ef # 3 rSm taumif;qHk;
jzpf[ef&Sdonf/
]]aus;uRef}} NKJV, NRSV, TEVESifh JB bmomjyefusrf;rsm; ]]tapcH}} [koHk;onf/
t,ltq\ jzpfEdkifajcwkdYrSm
1/ a,Itm;ociftjzpfazmfjycsufESifh qefYusifbuftjzpf
2/ "ra[mif;usrf;xJu *kPfjyKjcif;bGJUemrwpfck (awm12;7 ESifh a,m1;1 wkdYarma&S?
a,m24;29a,mIESifh qmvHusrf;rsm;(acgif;pOf)ESifh a[&Sm,42;1-19/ 52;13
wkdY'g0d'ftoD;oD;wdkYtoHk;jyKcJhMuonf/
31


NASB, TEV, NJB, REB c&pfawmfa,I}}
NKJV, NRSV ]]a,Ic&pfawmf}}
]]c&pfawmfa,I}} rSmydktoHk;enf;ojzifh rl&if;toHk;tEIef;jzpfEdkifygonf (MSS P10,
B)/ UBS4onf4if;tm; ]]B tjzpfowfrSwfonf/ (aocsmoavmufjzpfonf)/
rnfodkYjzpfaptjcm;yHkpHwpfck rSefaMumif;oufaocdkifvHkonf/
(MSS P26, , A,
D,G ESifh ueOD; toif;awmfzcifBuD;trsm;pkwdkY).
aemufqufwGJESpf &Sdrl&if;usrf;qdkif&m tuJjzwfrIt,ltqrsm; acgif;pOfMunfhyg/
rl&if;usrf;uGJrsm; teuftrsm;pkwkdYrSm uJhodkYyif rl&if;*&dusrf;\ tajccHt"dyg,fudk rnfokdYrQ
rxdckdufacs/
]]wrefawmft&mcefYxm;aom}}
4if;rSmol\a&G;cs,frI
r[kwfbJ
bk&m;ocif\
a&G;cs,frIjzpfonf/ (wrefawmf9;15/ *vmwd1;15/ {zuf3;7)/ aygvkonf pum;pk
tm;jzifhrdrd\0dnmOfa&;&mt&nftcsif;ESifh tcGifhtmPmudkrdrdrjrifcJhbl;aomtoif;awmftm;
tcdkiftrmajymqdkjcif;jzpfonf/ olonf 1aum1;1/ 2aum1;1/ *vmwd 1;1/ {zuf1;1/
aum1;1/ 1wd1;1/ wd1;1 wdkYvnf; tvm;wljyKonf/ t*Fvdyfusrf;pmwGif 1;6 ygonfh
ac:jcif;cH&aom - Called pum;vHk;tm; txl;taMumif;t&mMunfhyg/
Koine a0g[m&wrefawmf - apostle onfyxr&mpkESpftwGif;ygvufpwdkif; *sL;
todkif;t0dkif; ]]udk,fpm;jyKol tjzpfHk;awmfrS apvTwfjcif;cH&ol}}[kt"dyg,f&Sdonf/
(2&m17;7-9)/ a0g[m&udk"ropfusrf;t"dyg,fESpfrsdK;jzifhoHk;onf/ (1) txl; wjynfhawmf
wpfq,fESpfOD;ESifh aygvk (2) toif;awmf qufvuf&Sdaeaom0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;wpfrsdK;
(1aum12;28-29/ {zuf4;11)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / apvTwfonf (APOSTELL)
4if;rSmtrsm;oHk;*&dpum; ]]apvTwfonf}} (apostell) jzpfonf/a0g[m&"rynmqdkif&moHk;EIef;yHktrsdK;rsdK;&Sdonf/
1/ *sL;q&mBuD;rsm;onf pum;vHk;udktjcm;vlwpfa,muftm;Hk;awmfqdkif&mudk,fpm;jyKoltjzpf
ac:zdwfum?

apvTwfjcif;cH&oltjzpftoHk;jyKonf/

tvm;wljzpfonf/ (2aum5;20)

32

t*Fvdyfpum;vHk;

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oHwrefESifh

2/

c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;

a0g[m&udk

crnf;awmfuapvTwfaoma,ItjzpfoHk;avh&Sdonf/

a,m[efc&pf0ifusrf; a0g[m&udkar&Sd,ESifh qdkifxyfcgwvJvJoHk;onf/ (rJ10;40/ 15;24/

rmuk9;37/ vkum9;48ESifh txl;ojzifh a,m[ef4;34/ 5;24? 30?36? 37? 38;6;29? 38/ 39? 40?
57/

7;29/

8;42/

10;36/

11;42/

17;3?

8?

18?

21?

23?

25/

20;21)/

4if;udka,Iu,HkMunfolrsm; tm;apvTwfjcif;oHk;onf/ (a,m[ef17;18/ 20;21)/

3/ "ropfusrf;onf4if;udkwjynfhawmfrsm;oHk;onf/
u/ rl&if;twGif;vlwpfq,fhESpfa,mufjzpfaomwjynfhawmfrsm;(vkum6;13?wrefawmf1;2122)/
c/

wrefawmfrsm;\tulrsm;ESifh vkyfabmfaqmifbufrsm;jzpfaomtxl;tkyfpkwpfck
(1) AmeA (wrefawmf14;4?14)/
(2) taNEmedwfESifh ,ked (KJV, Junia,a&mr16;7)
(3) tmaygvk (1aum4;6-9)
(4) ocifbk&m;\nD,mukyf (*vmwd1;19)
(5) odvTmEk ESifh wdarmao (1ouf1;1)
(6) wdwkvnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ (2aum8;23)
(7) {yajzm'dwfvnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ (zd2;25)

*/
4/

toif;awmfqufvufaom0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;wpfrsdK; (1aum12;28-29/ {zuf4;11)/

c&pfawmfudkudk,fpm;jyKoltjzpfb&k m;ocifay;onfhrdrd\tcGifhtmPmudk

tcdkiftrmjyKjcif; enf;vrf;wpfck

tjzpfaygvkonf rdrda&;om;aom pmtrsm;pkwdkY bGJUemrudkrdrdoHk;avh&Sdonf/ (a&mr1;1/1aum1;1/

2aum1;1/ *vmwd1;1/ {zuf1;1/ aum1;1/ 1wd1;1/ 2wd1;1/ wdwk1;1)/

]]a&G;cs,fcGJxm; set apart }}4if;rSmtjyKcHBud,m (PERFECT PASSIVE

PARTICIPLE) jzpfbk&m;ocifonf olYtm;twdwfumvyif a&G;cs,fcGJxm;cJhjcif;jzpfNyD;?
(a,&rd1;5 ESifh *vmwd1;15) 4if;twdkif;qufvufjzpfaeonf[kt"dyg,f&onf/ tm&rdpum;
]]zm&d&SJ}}pum;vHk;\pum;vdrfvnf;jzpfEdkifonf/
olwkdYrSm*sL;bmompnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;vdkufemusifhoHk;&efa&G;cs,fcGJxm;
(oD;jcm;cGJxm;)
jcif;cHolrsm;jzpfNyD; (aygvkonfvnf; zd 3;5 'rmoufNrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:a,IESifh
rawGUrDuvnf; zg&d&SJwpfa,mufyifjzpfcJh) aomfvnf; ,cktcg{0Ha*vdw&m; twGuf
oD;jcm;cGJxkwfjcif; cH&oljzpfonf/
4if;pum;vHk;rSma[NAJpum;vHk;
]]oefY&Sif;}}
(BDB
872)
ESifh
qufpyfNyD;
]]bk&m;ociftoHk;jyK&ef oD;oefYcGJxm;onf}} [kt"dyg,f&Sdonf (xGufajrmuf19;6/ 1ay2;5)/
33

oefY&Sif;olrsm; -saint? oefY&Sif;pifMu,faponf-sanctify ESifh oD;oefYcGJxm;onf ]] set apart}}

wkdYtm;vHk;rSm*&dpum; ]]oefY&Sif;}} holy (hagios) rS,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
]]bk&m;ocif\ {0Ha*vdw&m;twGuf}} tydkif;ESifh (ti,f5 ) ygaom*&d0dbwf eis
onfaygvk tm; ]]ac:jcif;}} (i,f 1)ESifh ]]oD;oefYcGJxm;jcif;}} (i,f 1)
wkdY\&nf&G,fcsufudkjyonf/
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif; - gospel rSm ]]aumif;aom}} good(eu) ESifh ]]owif;}}
message (angellos) wdkYaygif;pyfaom pum;vHk;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifuwdjyKonfh
ar&Sd,t&SifESifh qdkifaom (i,f3-4) y#dnmOfw&m;opf zGifhjyxm;onfh Mo0g'
tm;&Sif;vif;a&;om;&ef a0g[m&udktoHk;jyKonf/ (a,&rd31;31-34/ a,Zausv 36;2232)/ 4if;rSm ]]om;awmf\{0Ha*vdw&m;}} (i,f 2) jzpfonf/
4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\{0Ha*vdw&m;jzpfNyD;?
aygvk\{0Ha*vdw&m;r[kwfacs/
(15;16?
rmuk1;14/ 2aum 11;7/ 1ouf2;2 8?9/ 1ay4;17)/ aygvkonfpwefYxGifolr[kwf/
"avhxHk;pH ESpfrsdK;a&mpyfolr[kwfbJ? rdrdvufcH&&Sdxm;onfh ormw&m;tm; a[majymolomvQif
jzpfonf/ (wrefawmf 9/ 1aum1;18-25)/
1;2
]]a&S;urdrdya&mzufrsm;tm;jzifh
oefY&Sif;aomusrf;pm
*wdxm;awmfrlonf}}
0gusygaomBud,m (AORIST MIDDLE (deponent) INDICATIVE)udk aygvk
a&;aompmrsm;omoHk;onf/ (ae&mESifh 2aum9;5)/ {0Ha*vdw&m;rSm bk&m;ocifonf
aemufydkif;rSm&&Sdvmaompdwful;tawG;r[kwfbJ? &nf&G,fcsuf jzifhxm0& BuHpnfaomt&m
jzpfonf/ (urmOD;3;15/ 12;3/ xGufajrmuf19;5/ a[&Sm,3/ qmvH118/ rmuk10;45/
vkum2;22/ wrefawmf2;23/ 3;18/4;28/ wdwk1;2)/ wrefawmf0wKtxJ ueOD;
w&m;a'oema[mcsufrsm; (kerygma) a,IrSm "ra[mif;acwfjyKcJhaomuwdawmfrsm;ESifh
tem*wdpum;rsm;\NyD;jynfpHkjcif;tjzpfwifjyonf/
"ra[mif;usrf;udk "ropfusrf;azmfjyyHkESpfrsdK;&Sdonf/
1/
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2/
usrf;pm (rsm;)
ya&mzufrsm;ESifh qdkifvnf;4if;udk Tef;qdkavh&Sdonf/ usrf;pma&;om;olrsm;rSm
ya&mzufrsm;yifjzpf onf[k *sL;rsm;rSwf,lxm;Muonf/
1/
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2/
]]ya&mzufpum;}} vkum24;27
3/
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4/
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[lyg&Sdonf/)
5/
]]usrf;pm\tem*wdpum;}} 2ay 1;20 ]]oefY&Sif;}} [laom emr0daoeudk
ESpfae&m wGJxm;onf/
34

1/
2/

]]oefY&Sif;aomusrf;pm Holy Scripture}} (]]ya&mzufrsm;\}}

qdkonfhpum;vHk;vnf;yg onf) a&mr1;2/
]]oefY&Sif;aomusrf;pm sacred writings}} 2wd3;15

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ueOD;toif;awmf\tpDtrH
u/

"ra[mif;usrf;bk&m;ocifay;aomuwdawmfrsm;onf
ar&Sd,a,I<uvmjcif;jzifh,ckjynfhpHkvm
cJhNyD/ (wrefawmf2;30/ 3;19?24/ 10;43/ 26;6-7?22/ a&mr1;2-4/ 1wd3;16/ a[NAJ1;1-2/
1ay1;10-12/ 2ay1;18-19/)
c/
bk&m;ocifonfa,Itm;a&ESpfr*FvmcHcsdef ar&Sd,tjzpfbo
d dwfay;cJhonf/ (wref10;38)/
*/
a,Ionfa&ESpfr*FvmcHNyD;aemuf *gvdave,f trIawmfpwifonf/(wref10;37)
C/ ol\trIawmfrSmaumif;rIjyKjcif;ESifh
bk&m;ocif\wefcdk;awmfjzifhthHMobG,f&mrsm;vkyfaqmifjcif;
jzpfonf/ (rmuk10;45/ wref2;22/ 10;38)
i/
bk&m;ocif\xm0&tBuHtpnfESifh tnDar&Sd,rSmvuf0g;uyfwdkifay: wifowfcH&onf/ (rmuk
10;45/ a,m[ef3;16/ wref2;23/ 3;13-15?18/ 4;11/ 10;39/ 26;23/ a&mr8;34/ 1aum
1;17-18/ 15;3/ *vmwd1;4/ a[NAJ1;3/ 1ay1;2?19/ 3;18/ 1a,m4;10)/
p/
olonfaojcif;rS jyef&Sifxajrmufum? olUwjynfhawmfrsm;xHay:vmonf/ (wref2;24?31-32/
3;15?26/ 10;40-41/ 17;31/ 26;23/ a&mr8;34/ 10;9/ 1aum15;4-7? 12/ 1ouf1;10/
1wd3;36/ 1ay1;2/ 3;18?21/
q/ bk&m;ocifonfa,Iudk ]]t&Sifocif}} Lord [laomemrawmfudkay;umcsD;ajrmufonf/
(wref2;25-29? 33-36/ 3;13/ 10;36/ a&mr8;34/ 10;9/ 1wd3;16/ a[NAJ1;3/ 1ay3;22/
Z/
bk&m;ocif\vlYtzGJUtpnf;opftm; zGJUpnf;xlaxmif&efolonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfay; onf/
(wref
1;8/ 2;14-18/
38-39/
1;3
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&m;ocif
\om;awmf
ESifh 10;44-47/
qdkifaom}}1ay1;12)
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ps/
ol
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a,Iwnfa&muf
;[laaomyk
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onf/ ;
(wref
3;20-21/
1aum15;20-28/
1ouf/1(2"r
;10) 7;14/
"ra[mifrnf
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rsdK;awmf
? xdkb10;42/
k&ifESihfa17;31/
r&Sd,wkdYu
dk ]]om;}} [kac:onf
n/ {0Ha*vdowif; pum;Mum;&olwdkif; tjypfudkaemifw&um a&ESpfr*FvmcHMuonf/ (wref2;21/
38/ 3;19/ 10;43? 47-48/ 17;30/ 26;20/ a&mr1;17/ 10;9/ 1ay3;21)/
pDrHcsufonfueOD;toif;awmf\ ta&;BuD;qHk;a[majymonfht&mjzpfonf/ "ropf
usrf;a&;om;olrsm;onfrdrdwdkY\a[majymrI rdrdwdkYtom;ay;vdkonfhtjcm;tcsuf? tjcm;tydkif;
rsm;&SdEdkifygonf/ rmukc&pf0ifusrf;wpfckvHk;onfaywk\ pDrHrIyHkoPmefudkeD;pyfpGmvdkufonf/
rmukc&pf0ifusrf;udka&mrNrdKU aywka[majymcsufrsm;udk c&pf0ifusrf; wpfcktjzpfwnfaqmufa&;
omcsuftjzpf tpOftvmtm;jzifhIjrifxm;Muonf/ rJESifh vkumESpfckpvHk;onfrmuk\tajccH
wnfaqmufyHkudkvdkufMuonf/

1;3- a[ma&S11;1/ qmvH2;7/ rJ2;15)/

"ra[mif;umv bk&m;ocifonf tapcHrsm;ESifh ya&mzufrsm;rSwqifhpum;ajymonf/
a,Ionf bk&m;ocif\tapcHr[kwfacs/ rdom;pk0ifjzpfonf/ (a[NAJ1;1-2/ 3;6/ 5;8/ 7;28)/
35

tHhMop&maumif;onfrSm usrf;xJwGif ae&momvQif aygvkonfc&pfawmf\ aqGpOf

rsdK;quftaMumif; t"duxm;azmfonf/ a&mrMo0g'pmonf "rynmtm;pepfwusavhvmrI
tjynfhtpHkr[kwfacs/
txl;taMumif;t&m/

/ bk&m;ocif\om;awmf

onfrSm "ropfusrf; a,I\t"dubGJUemrawmfrsm;teuf wpfckjzpfonf/ 4if;bk&m;qdkif&m

t"dyg,fyGm;bGJUemrrsm;&SdonfrSm aocsmonf/ 4if;txJa,Itm; ]]om;awmf}} (0g) ]]igom;}} [l
vnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocifudkrl ]]zcif}} [kac:qdkjcif;rsm;yg0ifonf/ 4if;rSm"ropfusrf; 124Budrfyg
onf/ a,Iurdrdudk,frdrd ]]vlom;}} tjzpfac:qdkjcif;onfyifvQif'aH ,v7;13-14rSbk&m;ocif\bGJU
emryGm;wpfckjzpfonf/
"ra[mif;usrf; ]]om;}} [laombGJUemronf tkyfpkav;cktm;&nfTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
1/ aumif;uifwrefrsm; (trsm;udef;jzifhazmfjyavh&Sdonf/ urmOD;6;2/ a,mb1;6/ 2;1)
2/ tpa&;bk&if (2"r7;14/ qmvH2;7/ 89;26-27)
3/ tpa&;vlrsdK;wpfckvHk;tm;NcHKvsuf(xGufajrmuf4;22-23/ w&m;a[m14;1/ a[ma&S11;1/
rmvcd2;10)
4/ tpa&;w&m;olBuD;rsm; (qmvH82;6)
a,IESifhqufpyfonfrSmeHygwfESpftoHk;tEIef;rsdK;jzpfonf/
odkYjzifh]]'g0d'f\om;awmf}}
ESifh ]]bk&m;ocif\om;awmf}} ESpfckpvHk;onf 2"r17/ qmvH2ESifh 89wkdYESifhqufpyfonf/
"ra[mif;usrf;ar&Sd,ESifh pyfvsOf; ]]bk&m;ocif\om;awmf}} qdkonfhtoHk;tEIef;r&Sdacs/
tem*wf\&Sifbk&iftaejzifhtpa&;qdkif&m ]]bdodwfcHaom&mxl;rsm;}} teufwpfrsdK;tjzpfazmfjy
rIwpfckomvQifcRif;csuftjzpf&Sdygonf/rnfodkYjzpfap - Dead Sea Scrolls ac:aemufqHk;
awGU&Sdaom"ra[mif;usrf;rl&if;rsm;rlar&Sd,tm;&nfGef;
jcif;oabmoufa&mufrItm;NcHKawGU
&onf/ (wdusaom tTef;rsm;udk Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels pm? 770Munfhyg)/
*sL;rsm;\jrKyfxm;aomusrf;y,fESpfusrf;wkdYvnf; ]]bk&m;ocif\om;awmf}} Gospels pm?
770Munfhyg)/ *sL;rsm;\jrKyfxm;aomusrf;y,fESpfusrf;wkdYvnf; ]]bk&m;ocif\om;awmf}}
[lonfar&Sd,\ bGJUemrwpfckjzpfonf/ (2 Esdras 7: 28; 13:32, 37, 52; 14:9; II Enoch 105:2)/
"ropfusrf; 4if;onfa,Itm;&nfeT f;aMumif;ae&m tawmfrsm;rsm;aumif;pGmtusOf;csKHUazmf
jyxm;onf/
1/ a&S;rqGu&SdcJhjcif; (a,m[ef1;1-18)/
2/ twktEdIif;uif;aom (tysdKunmrS) bGm;jrifjcif;(rJ1;23/ vkum1;31-35)/
3/ a&ESpfr*FvmcH,ljcif; (rJ3;17/ rmuk1;11/ vkum3;22/ bk&m;ocif\aumif;uifu
toHon fqmvH2 urif;rsdK;EG,fbk&ifBuD;ESifh a[&Sm,53u qif;&J'kucHaomtapcHuRefwdkYudk
aygif;pyfay;onf/)
4/ pmwef\aoG;aqmifrIcHjcif;(rJ4;1-11/ rmuk1;12?13/ vkum4;1-13/ rdrd\om;awmf
t&mtm;oHo,0ifap&ef(0g) rdrd\&nf&G,fcsuftm; vuf0g;uyfwdkifr[kwfaom enf;vrf;

jzifhNyD;ajrmufap&efaoG;aqmifcH&onf/)
5/ vufoifhcHEdkifbG,f&mr[kwfaom0efcHorl sm;u ol\om;awmft&mtm; twnfjyKMuonf/
u/ eufqdk;rsm; (rmuk1;23-25/ vkum4;31-37?41/ rmuk3;11-12/ 5;7)/
c/ r,HkMunfolrsm; (rJ27;43/ rmuk14;61/ a,m[ef19;7)/
36

6/ olYwynfhawmfrsm;u ol\om;t&mtm;twnfjyKMuonf/
u/ rJ14;33/ 16;16/
c/ a,m[ef1;34?49/ 6;69/ 11;27/
7/ oludk,fwdkif\twnfjyKcsuf
u/ rJ11;25-27/
c/ a,m[ef11;36/
8/ bk&m;ociftm; zciftjzpfoo
d mpGmwifpm;ac:a0:jcif;/
u/ bk&m;ociftm;]]tA}} tjzpfazmfjyjcif;/
1^ rmuk14;36/
2^ a&mr8;15/
3^ *vmwd4;6/
c/ rdrdESifh bk&m;&Sif\awmfpyfrItm;a&;om;azmfjy&efzcif (Patr)pum;vHk;tm;xyfcgwvJ
vJtoHk;jyKjcif;/
tusOf;csKyftm;jzifh ]bk&m;ocif\om;awmf} [laombGJUemronf"ra[mif;usrf;ESifh 4if;yg&Sd
aomuwdawmfrsm;tm;od&Sdolrsm;twGuf"rynmqdkif&mt"dyg,fBuD;rm;pGm&Sdonf/ odkYaomf"ropfusrf;jyKpk
olrsm;rSmrltqdkygbGJUemrtm;toHk;jyK&mpdwftaESmifht,Sujf zpfcJhMu&onf/ taMumif;rSmwpfyg; trsdK;om;
(tpa&;r[kwfaomvlrsdK;rsm;)wkdY\ ]bk&m;rsm;}onfvlrdef;rrsm;ESifh pHb
k ufumvlYbDvl;BuD;rsm; (om;rsm;)
arG;zGm;onfh rdpm'dXdt,l0g'rsm;aMumifhjzpfonf/

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'g0d'ftrsdK;jzpfawmfrlxaom}} 4if;onf 2"r7uya&mzufjyKcsufESifh qufpyfonf/
ar&Sd,onf ,k'trsdK;(urmOD;49;4-12/ a[&Sm,65;9) 'g0d'frif;rsdK;EG,f (a[&Sm,9;7/
11;1?10/ a,&rd23;5/ 30;9/ 33;15) rSjzpfonf/ rJc&pf0ifusrf;
a,Itm;'g0d'ftrsdK;tjzpftBudrf tawmfrsm;rsm;todtrSwfjyKxm;onf (1;6/ 9;27/
12;23/ 15;22/ 20;30? 31/ 21;9?15/ 22;42) / 4if;onf'g0d'ftrsdK;rS
vmaomu,fwif olwpfyg;<uvm&ef arQmfvifhjcif;udk xif[yfapygonf/
aygvkonfa,IESifh qdkifaom tjrifudktxl;rjyKjcif;rSm tHhMop&mjzpfonf/
olonf tjrif udkae&mESifh 2wd2;8omazmfjyNyD;? ueOD;toif;awmf\
,HkMunfjcif;yHkpHwpfckrS ,lumazmfjyjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ NIDNTTtwGJ 3? pm 61
c&pfawmf\rsdK;dk;ESifh qdkifaom,HkMunfrI^"roDcsif;^ bk&m;&Sdcdk; pmrsm;tm;xif
[yfaponfh "ropfusrf;csuftawmfrsm;rsm;azmfjyxm;onf/ (Oyrm a&mr 1;3-4/ 8;34/
1aum15;3-4/ zd2;6-11/ 1wd3;16/ 2wd2;8/ 1ay3;18-1;3;14)/
NASB, NKJV
NRSV
]] vlYZmwdtm;jzifh }}
TEV ]] vlom;tjzpfjzifh }}
NJB ]] vlUobm0t&}}
37

4if;onfa,IrSm
vlom;jzpfaMumif;
ya&mzufjyKcsufjynfhpHkjcif;ESifh
4if;tm;
twnfjyKcsufjzpfonf/
tcsufudkyxr&mpkacwftm;
vTrf;NcHKonfh
bmoma&;
avmujiif;qdkonf/ (1a,m 1;1-4/ 4;1-3)/ aygvkonf ]]aoG;om;^Zmwd}} -flesh (sarx)
qdkaoma0g[m&udktqdk;buftjrifjzifhoHk;avhr&SdaMumif; usrf;ydk'f &Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf/
(2;28/ 9;3)/ xdkpum;jzpfonfhaoG;om;^Zmwdpum;vHk;udkaygvku ]]0dnmOf}} \qefYusifbuf
t&mtjzpftoHk;jyKavh&Sdonf/ (6;19/ 7;5? 18?25/ 8;3-9? 12?13/ 1aum5;5/ 2aum1;17/
11;18/ *vmwd3;3/ 5;13? 16? 17-19?24/ 6;8/ {zuf2;3/ aum2;11?13?18?23)/
ti,f4 ESifh ,SOfwGJ ]] kata (according to )-tm;jzifh}} [laompum;oHk;onf/
a,Ionfvlom; (vlYaoG;om;^Zmwdtm;jzifh^t&i,f -3) ESifh bk&m; (0dnmOftm;jzifh? i,f - 4)
jzpfonf/ vljzpfvmjcif; rSm tqHk;jzwfay;onfhta&;BuD;tcsufjzpfonf/ (1a,m4;1-3)/
4if;onf ]]vlom;}} [l aombGJUemrrSm a,Iudk,fwkdifa&G;cs,fjcif;jzpfonfqkdonfh oabmvnf;
oufa&mufEdkifonf/ (vlom; -qmvH8;4/ a,Z 2;1 ESifh bk&m;- 'Ha,v7;13)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/

/ aoG;om;^Zmwd FLESH (sarx)

a0g[m&udk*vmwdMo0g'pmESifh 4if;\"rynmqdkif&mwdk;wufjzpfay:rIjzpfaom a&mrMo0g'pm

wdkYaygvktrsm;qHk;oHk;onf/ 4if;a0g[m&\t"dyg,fyGg;rsm; taMumif;udkusr;fpmq&mrsm;tjrifcsif;rwlacs/
4if;a0g[m&uGJt"dyg,frsm;us,fjyefYpGm&SdaMumif;od&Sdap&ef tm;xkwfrItjzpfatmufwGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/
rygbJausmfoGm;rdaomt"dyg,fuJt
G csdKY&SdaerSmaocsmygonf/
u/ vlom;\udk,fcEm/ a,m[ef1;14/ a&mr2;28/ 1aum5;5/ 7;28/ 2aum4;11/ 7;5/12;7/
*vmwd1;16/ 2;16?20/ 4;13/ zdvdyd1;22/ aum1;22? 24/ 2;5/ 1wd3;16/
c/
vlom;rSqif;oufonf/ a,m[ef3;6/ a&mr1;3/ 4;1/ 9;3?5?8/ 11;14/ 1aum10;18/
*vmwd4;23?29/
*/
vlom;\yk*dKvf/ a&mr3;20/ 7;5/ 8;7-8/ 1aum1;29/ 2aum10;3/ *vmwd2;16/5;24/
C/ vlom;uJhodkYpum;ajymjcif;/ a,m8;15/ 1aum1;26/ 2aum1;12/ 5;16/ 10;2/ *vmwd6;12/
1;4
i/
tjypfxJusqif;jcif;\tusdK;quftjzpfvlom;rsm;u bk&m;ociftm;&efvdkjcif;/ a&mr7;14/ 13;
NASB,14/
NKJV
1aum3;1? 3/ {zuf2;3/ aum2;18/ 1ay2;11/ 1a,m2;16/

NRSV, NIV ]] aMumnmonf }} - declared

TEV
]] jyoonf }}
- shown
NJB, RSV ]] cefYtyfonf }}
- designated
NET
]] cefYxm;onf }}
- appointed
REB
]] trsm;tm;odaponf }} proclaimed
txufygtoHk;tEIef;rSm tjyKcH (passive)Bud,m AORIST PASSIVE
PARTICLE jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfa,Itm; ]]bk&m;ocif\om;awmf}} tjzpf
38

cefYxm;onf/ odkY qkdjcif;aMumifh AufvifNrdKUonf a,I\ tpjzpfonf(0g)olonf crnf;awmf

xufydkrdk tqifhedrfhonf[k rqdkvdkacs/ 8;11 \txl;taMumif;t&m/ oHk;ygwpfqlMunfhyg/
wwd,pmydk'fudkatmufMunfhyg/
]]wefcdk;ESifh wuGbk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfaom}} "ropfusrf;jyKpkolrsm;onfa,Itm;
]]bk&m;ocif\ om;awmf}} qdkonfhbGJUemrjzifhrMumcPazmfjyavhr&SdMuacs/ (rJ4;3)/
oabmrSm ]]twktEIdif;uif;ol? wpfrsdK;wpfpm;wnf; - unique one of kind }}
(monogenes
a,m[ef1;18/
3;16?
18/
1a,m4;9)
[laom
pum;vHk;tm;jzifhvHkavmufaeNyDjzpfonf/ odkYjzifht"dyg,frSm ]]bk&m;ocif\wpfyg;wnf;aom
ppfrSefonfh om;awmfa,I}} [ljzpfonf/ 1;3 \txl;taMumif;t&mMunfhyg/
"ropfusrf;
crnf;awmfbk&m;ESifh
om;awmfa,Iqdkif&m
"rynmqdkif&m
0ifdk;ESpfrsdK;&Sdonf/
1/ olwkdY rSmwef;wlnDMuonf/ (a,m[ef1;1/5;18/ 10;30/ 14;9/ 20;28/ 2aum4;4/
zdvdyd 2;6/ aum1;15/ a[NAJ1;3) odkYaomf
2/ oD;jcm;yk*dKvfjzpfMuonf/ (rmuk10;18/ 14;36/ 15;34) [ljzpf\/
aygvkonfueOD; umvc&pfawmfqdkif&m t,l0g'tm;azmfjyjcif;(0g) qmvH2;6?7 (0g)
110;1 (wref2;34-36) azmfjyaomxm0&bk&m; (YHWH) \ ar&Sd, bk&ifBuD;tm;
t&dyft>ruf
azmfjyjcif;jzpf
Edkifonf/
olonfxdkodkYjyKjcif;aMumifh
]]wefcdk;ESifhwuG
bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfaom}}
qdkonfhpum;pktm;tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/
(NIDNTTtwGJ2?
pm
79)
4if;onfol\
bGm;jrifjcif;
(0g)a&ESpfr*Fvm
tm;pl;pdkufjcif;r[kwfbJ? aumif;uifodkY wwfjcif;tm;pl;pdkufonf/ rnfokdYjzpfap Adoptionist
Christologies ac: (cufqpft"dyg,f &Sif;vif;jcif;Munfhyg) t,l0g'pGJudkifol
rsm;urltxufygusrf;ydk'ftm;rdrdwdkY\udk,fydkiftaMumif;jycsuftwGuftoHk;jyKMuonf/ usrf;ydk'
fwpfpkudktajcjyKum ormusrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;enf;vrf;ESifh omqdk&if wpfa,mufa,mufonf
ormusrf;pmuwpfckcktm; (rdrdBudKuf&m) ajymonf[kqdkEdkifonf/ (uREkfyf\ 0ufbfqdk'f
uREfkyf\
www.freedbiblecommentary.org ormusrf;pmenf;usteufjyefjcif;
ydkYcsrIudk Munfhyg)/
]]aojcif;rSxajrmufawmfrljcif;tm;jzifh}} crnf;awmfbk&m;onf a,I\b0toufwmESifh
ola[maom owif;pum;tm; olYudkaojcif;rS xajrmufapjcif;tm;jzifh twnfjyKcJhonf/
(4;24/ 6;4?9 8;11/ wref2;31-33)/ a,Ionfbk&m;ocifyifjzpfaMumif;ESifh (a,m[ef1;114/ aum1;15-19/ zdvdyd 2;6-11/ a[NAJ1;2-3) ol\aojcif;rS &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;
(4;25/ 10;9-13/ 1aum15)wkdYrSm c&pf,mef\trTmtlwkdifBuD;ESpfwdkifjzpfonf/
t,l0g'rSm;,Gif;onfh ]] adoptionism }} 0g'Drsm;ubk&m;ocifonf a,Itm;ol\
emcHjcif; yHkoufaoaumif;xlrIaMumifh qkcsum;csD;ajrmufjcif; jzpfonf[laom tqdktwGuf
usrf;ydk'fudk
toHk;jyKavh&Sd
Muonf/
t,lvTJrSm;aomolwdkYu
a,Ionf
tpOfxm0&bk&m;r[kwfcJhbJ (ontologically) bk&m;ocifuolYtm;aojcif;rS &Sifjyef
39

xajrmufpaonfhtcg
bk&m;jzpfvmonf[kqdkMuonf/
tcsufrrSefaMumif;&Sif;
vif;vSaMumif;tm; a,m[ef 1 ESifh 17 wdkYuJhokdYaomusrf;ydk'ftrsm;tjym;xif&Sm;aomfvnf;
a,I&Sif jyefxajrmufonfhtcg tHhMobG,f&mudk olYtyfESif;onf/ bk&m;udk rnfuJhodkY
qkcsD;jrifhEdkifaMumif;azmfjy&ef
cufcJaomfvnf;xdktwdkif;yifjzpfysufonf/
a,Ionf
crnf;awmfESifhtwl xm0&bkef;awmf cHpm;&onfrSefaomfvnf; olYtm;tyfESif;xm;onfh
a&G;EIwfjcif;wm0eftm;ynfh0pGmNyD;pD;apjcif;tm;jzifholY*kPfj'yfrSmwpfenf;wpfzHkydkrdk<u,f0oGm;a
ponf/ emZ&ufNrdKUom;a,I\b0?
yHkoufao? oGefoifrIESifh ,Zfaumif
tjzpftaocHjcif;wkdYtm; twnfjyKjcif; tjzpfcrnf;awmf onfolYudkaojcif;rS xajrmuf
aponf/ tpOfxm0&bk&m;? vlom;ppfppf? pHkvifjynfh0aomu,fwif&Sif? ed*dkaejyefjzpf
apjcif;ESifh qkcsD;jrifhcH&ol? twktEdIif;rJhaomom;awmfjzpfonf/ aemufqufwGJoHk;Adoptionism (arG;pm;jcif;t,l0g') udkMunfhyg/
NASB, NKJV ]] oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf(the Spirit)tm;jzihf}}
NKJV
]] oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf (the spirit) tm;jzihf}}
TEV
]] bk&m;jzpfoefY&Sifojzihf}}
NJB
]] oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfjzpfonfESifh tnD (in the order of the spirit,
the spirit of holiness)
tcsdKUbmomjyefq&mrsm;onfoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOftm;qdkvdkjcif;tjzpf SukdpmvHk;BuD;jzifh
a&;um? pmvHk;ao; ]]s}} urla,I\vlom;0dnmOfudkqdkvdkonf/ crnf;awmf bk&m;onf
emrf0dnmOfjzpfonf enf;wl a,Ivnf;xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ a&S;acwfa[NAJESifh *&dusrf;rsm;
pmvHk;BuD;?
pmvHk;BuD;r&Sd?
tcef;BuD;?
tcef;i,fcGJrxm;bJ?
4if;wdkYtm;vHk;rSm
bmomjyefq&mrsm;\ t"dyg,fzGifhqdkrI (0g) tpOftvmtjzpf&&SdvmMujcif;jzpfonf/
ti,f 3 ESifh 4if;tm;tjrifokH;rsdK;jzifh MunfhEdkifonf/
1/ a,I\obm0ESifh ESpfrsdK;jzpfonfh vlom;ESifhbk&m;tjzpfudk &nfTef;jcif;tjzpf
2/ ol\ajrBuD;ay: b0tqifhESpfckjzpfonfhvlom;ESifh &Sifjyefxajrmufolt&Siftm;
&nfGef;jcif;tjzpf
3/ ]]igwkdY\t&Sifa,Ic&pfawmf}} ESifh xyfwlazmfjyrItjzpf
]]a,I}} tm&rdemrnfa,I (Jesus) onfa[NAJemrnfa,mI(Joshua)ESifhwlonf/ 4if;rSm
a[NAJpum;vHk;rsm;jzpfonfh
YHWH
(a*sa[m0g;)ESifh
]]u,fwifjcif;}}pum;
ESpfvHk;aygif;pyfjcif;jzpfonf/ ]]YHWH uu,fwifonf}} ]]YHWH u u,fq,fonf}}
(0g) ]] YHWH onf u,fwifjcif;jzpfonf}} [l t"dyg,f&SdEdkifonf/ t"dyg,f\
t"dutcsufudk rJ1;21? 25 awGUEdkifonf/
]]c&pfawmf}}
4if;rSma[NAJa0g[m&ar&Sd,
messiah
(BDB
603)
tm;*&dvdkbmomjyefjcif;jzpfNyD; ]]bdodwfcHol}} [kt"dyg,f&Sdonf/ "ra[mif;usrf; vltcsdKU
(ya&mzufrsm;? ,Zfyka&m[dwfrsm;ESifh &Sifbk&ifrsm;) tm;bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frIESifh
40

wefqmyvm wyfqifrI\ trSwfvuPm tjzpfqDvdrf;^avmif;jcif;jyKMuonf/ a,I

qD;vdrf;&onfh &mxl;oHk;rsdK;pmvHk;jynfhpHkonf/ (a[NAJ1;2-3)/
ajzmifhrwfjcif;acwfopfqDodkYydkYaqmifay;rnfhtxl; ]]bdodufcHolwpfOD;}} tm;bk&m;ocif
apvTwfrnfjzpfaMumif;"ra[mif;usrf; BudKwifa[mMum;onf/ a,Ionfbk&m;ocif\txl;
]]tapcH}} ]]om;awmf}} ESifh ]]ar&Sd,}} jzpfonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ar&Sd,
tcsufrsm;udk 'Ha,v 9;6 taMumif;tuREfkyf\teufzGifhjcif;rSwfpkrS,l;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/
usrf;ydk'ftm;teufzGifh&mcufcJaponfrSm ar&Sd, (0g) bdodufcHolqdkonfh a0g[m&jzpfEkdifacs&Sdaom
t"dyg,ftrsdK;rsdK;&SdaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ (BDB 603)
1/
*sL;bk&ifrsm;ESifh qdkifoHk;onf (1"r2;10/ 12;13)
2/
*sL;,Zfyka&m[dwfrsm;ESifh qdkifoHk;onf (0wfjyK4;3?5)
3/
ukkbk&mESifh qdkifoHk;onf (a[&Sm,45;1)
4/
qmvH110 ESifh Zmc&d4wdkY # 1ESifh # 2 wdkYwGJoHk;onf/
5/
ajzmifhrwfjcif;acwfopfxJydkYaqmifvwHhaombk&m;ocif\<uvmOD;rnf 'g0d'ftEG,ftxl;
bk&if;BuD;
u/ ,k'trsdK; (urmOD;49;10)
c/ a,&SJrdom;pkxJu (2"r 7)
*/ wpfurmvHk;pdk;pH (qmvH2/ a[&Sm,9;6/ 11;1-5? rdum 5;1-4)
uREfkyfudk,ftaejzifhrI ]]bdodwfcHolwpfOD;}} qdkonfrSm emZ&ufNrdKUom;a,Iyifjzpfonf[k,HkMunf
onf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
1/
tcef;BuD; 2 azmfjyonfh xm0&EdkifiHawmfpwifjcif;onf pwkwajrmuftifyg,m
twGif;jzpfonf/
2/
tcef;BuD; 7;13 azmfjyonfh ]]vlom;wpfOD;}} tm;xm0&EdkifiHawmfwpfckay;tyfonf/
3/
a&G;EIwfjcif;taMumif;jzpfaom 9;24 ygpum;pkonfusqif;aomurmhordkif;\tqHk;
owfjcif;tm;azmfjyonf/
4/
"ropfusrf;a,Ionf'Ha,vtem*wdusrf;tm;toHk;jyKrI (rJ24;15/ rmuk 13;
14)/

]]ocif^t&Sif -Lord}}*sL;bmom bk&m;ocif\y#dnmOfcHemrawmf YHWHonf

oeYf&Sif;vGef;onfjzpformusrf;pmzwfIonfhtcg
bk&m;ocif\emrawmfudktusdK;rJhtaMumif;rJhac:&ma&mufum (xGuf20;7/ w&m;a[m5;11)
ynwfawmfwpfq,fyg;teufwpfyg;tm;csKd;azmuf&ma&mufrnfudkpdk;&drfMu ojzifh *sL;usrf;pm
q&mBuD;rsm;onf ]]udk,fawmf - Lord (Adon)[laombGJUemrjzifh tpm;xdk; Muonf/
"ropfusrf;jyKolrsm;onf "rynmqdkif&mpmrsm; a,Itm; ]]udk,fawmf -Lord}} (kurios)
41

[lac:Mu onfhtcgol\bk&m;jzpfjcif;tm; twnfjyKaeMujcif;jzpfonf/ (wrefawmf2;36/

a&mr10;9-13/ zdvdyd 2;6-11)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\emrawmfrsm;
u/ El (BDB 42. KB 48)
1. a&S;a[mif;a0g[m&trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m bk&m;-deity \rlvteuft"dyg,frSmaocsm&Sif;vif;
jcif;r&Sdacs/ tcsdKUynm&Sifrsm;url Akkadian pum; ]]oefrmonf (0g) wefcdk;BuD;onf}}
rSqif;oufonf[kqdkMuonf/ (urmOD;17;1/ awmvnf23;19/ w&m;a[m7;21/
qmvH50;1)/
2. cgeefvlrsdK;rsm;\bk&m;ausmif;wefrsm; tjrifhbk&m;rSm EIjzpfonf/ (Ras Shamra
usrf;ydk'frsm;)
3. ormusrf;pmxJ EI udkwjcm;a0g[m&rsm;ESifh rwGJzufacs/ atmufygwGJzufrI
rsm;onfbk&m;ocif\ pdkuftm;azmfjyonf/
1. EI Elyon tJvf - {vDtGef (tjrifhqHk:aombk&m: BDB 42 &751 II),
urmO;D 14;18-22/ w&m;a[m 32;8/ a[&Sm, 14;14/
2. EI Roi (]]jrifhaombk&m;}} (0g) ]]olUudk,folzGifhjyaombk&m;}} BDB 42 &
909)?
urmOD;16;13/
3. EI Shaddai (]]wefcdk;tBuD;qHk;bk&m;}} (0g) ]]tvHk;pHkaom *kPm&Sifbk&m;}} (0g)
]]awmifay:bk&m;}} BDB 42 & 994)? urmOD;17;1/ 35;11/ 43;14/ 49;25/
{zuf6;3/
4 EI Olam (xm0&bk&m;}} BDB 42 & 761)? urmOD;21;33/
a0g[m&onf 'g0d'ftm;ay;onfh bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmf2"r7;13? 16 ESifh
"rynmoabmt&qufpyfonf/
5 EI Berit (]]y#dnmOfw&m;\bk&m;ocif}} BDB 42 & 136)? w&m;olBuD;9;46/
4. EI udkatmufyga0g[m&rsm;ESifh wef;xlxm;onf?
1. YHWH qmvH85;8/ a[&Sm,42;5/
2. Elohim urmOD;46;3/ a,mb5;8/ ]]igonfoifhzcif\ EI jzpfol Elohim
jzpfonf/}} (I am EI, the Elohim of your father)
3. Shaddai urmOD;49;25/
4. ]]tjypf&Sdonf[kxifvG,fol}} (jealousy-o0efwdkwwfol)/ xGuf34;14/ w&m;a[m
4;24/ 5;9/ 6;15/
5. ]]*kPm}} w&m;a[m4;31/ ae[rd9;31/
6. ]]wefckd;BuD; aMumufrufbG,fjzpfaom}} w&m;a[m7;21/ 10;17/ ae[rd1;5/
9;32/ 'Ha,v9;4/
7. oAkwOmPfawmf&Sif? 1"r2;3/
8. ]]ig\cdkifcHhaomcdkvIH&m}} 2"r22;33/
9. ]]ightwGufudk,fpm;acsay;ol}} 2"r22;48/
10. ]]oefY&Sif;awmfrlol}} a[&Sm,5;16/
11. ]]wefcdk;BuD;awmfrlol}} a[&Sm,10;21/
12. ]]uREfkyf\u,fwifjcif;}} a[&Sm,12;2/
42

13. ]]BuD;jrwfwefcdk;awmfESifhjynfhpHkol}} a,&rd21;18/

14. ]]tusdK;tjypfudkay;ol}} a,&rd51;56/
"ra[mif; &Sdbk&m;ocif\emrnftm;vHk; a,mI 22;22 waygif;wnf;awGU&onf/
(EI, Elohim, YHWH ESpfcgxyfazmfjyonf/)

5/

c/

Elyon (BDB 751, KB 832)

1. 4if;\tajccHt"dyg,frSm ]]jrifhaom}} ]]csD;ajrmufxm;aom}} (0g) ]] jrifhwifxm; aom}}

[ljzpfonf/ (urmOD;40;17/ 3"r9;8/ 4"r18;17/ ae[rd3;25/ a,&drd20;3/
36;10/ qmvH18;13)/
2. 4if;udkbk&m;ocif\tjcm;aombGJUemrtawmfrsm;rsm;ESifh tvm;wltoHk;jyKonf/
1. Elohim- qmvH47;1-2/ 73;11/ 107;11/
2. YHWH - urmOD;14;22/ 2"r22;14/
3. EI - Shaddai - qmvH91;1?9/
4. EI - awm24;16/
5. Elah - 'Ha,v2-6 ESifh {Z7 4-7 wdkY 'Ha,v3;26/ 4;2/
5;18?21wdkY&Sdonfh illair (tm&rd-BuD;jrifhaombk&m;)ESifh qufpyfoHk;avh&Sdonf
3. tpa&;r[kwfolrsm;tjzpfvnf; rMumcPoHk;Muonf/
1. arvcdZ'uf urm18;18-22/
2. Amvrf awm24;16/
3. w&m;32;8 wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;ajym&m arma&StoHk;jyKonf/
4. "ropfusrf;\vkumc&pf0ifusrf; wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;pma&;&m4if; ESifh
t"dyg,fwl*&dpum; HysistostoHk;jyKonf/ (1;32? 35? 76/ 6;35/ 8;28/
wref7;48/ 16;17)/
*/ Elohim (trsm;jyudef;)Eloah (tenf;jyudef;)/ rlvtm;jzifhuAsmtvFmrsm;oHk;onf/ (BDD
43, KB 52)/
1. a0g[m&udk "ra[mif;jyifyrawGU&acs/
2. pum;vHk;onftpa&;wdkYbk&m;ocif (0g) wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;\bk&m;rsm;tm;Tef;qdk
Edkifonf/ (xGuf12;12/ 20;3)/ tmjA[H\ rdom;pkrsm;onf ewfbk&m;trsm;udk;uG,fol
rsm;jzpfonf/ (a,mI24;2)/
3. tpa&;w&m;olBuD;rsm;tm; Tef;qdkjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (xGuf21;6/ qmvH82;6)/
4.

a0g[m&udk tjcm;emrf0dnmOfrsm;
qdkifvnf;
w&m;32;8
(LXX)
wdkYrSmuJhodkYtoHk;jyKonf/

Elohim

43

(aumif;uifwrefrsm;? ewfqdkrsm;) ESifh

qmvH8;5/
a,mb1;6/
38;7

5. ormusrf;pm4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\yxrqHk;bGJUemrawmfjzpfonf/
urm2;4

YHWHESifhyl;wGJroHk;rDtjcm;pum;vHk;ESifh

tajccHtm;jzifh^"rynmqdkif&m

(urm1;1)/

4if;udk

ra&mbJoD;oefYoHk;onf/ 4if;onf

t&bk&m;ociftm;zefqif;ol?

xdef;csKyfolESifh

urmN*dKvfay:ow0gtm;vHk;tm;axmufyHholtjzpf&nfTef;onf (qmvH104) /
4if;onf

EIESifh

(Elohim)

t"dyg,fqifwlonf

rSmuJhokdYHWH

(w&m;32;15-19)/

ESifhtvm;wljzpfEdkifonf/

4if;onf

qmvH14

bk&m;bGJUemrrsm;ajymif;vJvdkufjcif;

uvTJvQif 4if;rSm qmvH 53 (YHWH) ESifhtwdtuswlonf/

6. 4if;onftrsm;jyudef;jzpfumtjcm;bk&m;rsm;
bk&m;ociftm;Tef;qdkavh&Sdonf/

oHk;aomfvnf;a0g[m&onftpa&;\

odkYaomf

bk&m;wpfqlwnf;tm;

azmfTef;&ef

tenf;jyBud,moHk;avh&Sdonf/
7. a0g[m&tm;bk&m;\emrawmftjzpf
tpa&;r[kwfolrsm;\EkwfrSvnf;xGufavh&SdaMumif;awGU&onf/
1/ arvcdZ'uf/ urm14;18-22/
2/ Amvrf/

awm24;2/

3/ w&m; 32;8 wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm; ajymonfhtcgarma&StoHk;jyKonf/

7. tpa&;wkdY\wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;twGufemrnftrsm;jyudef;jzpfaejcif;rSmxl;qef;onf/
aocsmr[kwfaomfvnf;oDtdk&DtcsdKU&Sdonf/
1. a[NAJwdkY

txl;jyKazmfjyjcif;twGuf

trsm;jyudef;

trsm;tjym;toHk;jyKMuonf/

4if;onf

aemufydkif;ay:vmonfh

a[NAJo'g

oabmw&m;wpfrsdK;jzpfaom

]]cefYnm;x,f0gjcif;\

trsm;udef;rsm;}}

qdkonfht&mESifh

rsm;pGmeD;pyfonf/

4if;oabm trsm;jyudef;rsm;udk t,ltqwpfcktm; tus,fcsJU&ef? csJUum;azmfjy&ef

toHk;jyKonf/
2.

4if;onfaumif;uifbHk

vdkufemaqmif&Gufaom

bk&m;ocifqifhac:onfh

aumif;uifwrefrsm;

nDvmcHudk

(3"r22;19-23/ a,mb1;6/ qmvH82;1/ 89;5?7)/

44

rdrd\qifhqdkrltm;
&nfTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/

3. 4if;onfyk*dKvfoHk;yg;aygif;bk&m;wpfqltajymif; "ropfusrf;zGifhjyrIudkxif[yfjcif;jzpf
Edkifonf/ urm1;1 bk&m;ocifzefqif;onf urm1;2 0dnmOfawmfvIyf&Sm;um"r
opfusrf;a,Ionf crnf;awmf\zefqif;jcif;wefqmyvmjzpfonf/ (a,m[ef1;3?
10/ a&mr11;36/ 1aum8;6/ aum1;15/ a[NAJ1;2/ 2;10)/
C/

YHWH (BDB 217, KB 394)

1/ 4if;rSmbk&m;ociftm;y#dnmOfw&m;jyKol?
ay:vGifapaombGJUemrjzpfonf/

u,fwifol?

a&G;EIwfol?

vlom;onfy#dnmOfw&m;rsm;udk

bk&m;tjzpf
csdK;azmufaomf

vnf;bk&m;ocifrSmrl rdrdajympum;? rdrd\ uwdawmf? rdrdy#dnmOfw&m;ay:opm&Sd onf

(qmvH 103)/
emrudk

Elohim

ESifh aygif;pyfyxrqHk; (urm2;24 azmfjyonf/ urm1-2

zefqif;jcif; rSwfwrf;ESpfck&Sdjcif; r[kwfbJ? txl;jyKjcif;ESpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ (1) 0wKydkif;qkdif&m

pBuFm0|m zefqif;olbk&m;tjzpfESifh (2) bk&m;ociftm; vlow0gzefqif;ol tjzpftxl;
azmfjyonf/

urm2;4-3;24

olYtm;zef;qifjcif;\

&nf&G,fcsufenf;wltjypf

twktEdIif;uif;aom
2/

onfvlom;\txl;

tcGifhta&;&aom

taetxm;ESifh

jyemESifh

ykefuefrIonf

taetxm;ESifh wGJzufaMumif;tm; pwifzGifhjyonf/

urm4;26 ]]vlrsm;onf xm0&bk&m;\emrawmfudktrSDjyK udk;uG,fpjyKMuav \}}

(YHWH)

[kqdkonf/

odkYaomfy#dnmOfcHueOD;vlrsm;onf

olwdkY\rdom;pkrsm;) bk&m;ocifudk

EI Shaddai

(bdk;ab;rsm;ESifh

tjzpfomvQifod&SdcJhMuaMumif;

xGuf6;3 t&od&Sd&onf/
YHWH emrawmfudk xGuf3;13-16 txl;ojzifh ti,f 14 wpfBudrf omvQif

&Sif;vif;xm;onf/ rnfodkYjzpfaparma&Sa&;aom pmrsm;rl pum;vHk;rsm; tm;vlodrsm;aom

pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh

upm;

um&Sif;vif;avh&SdNyD;

pum;vHk;rsm;\rlv

ukdpdppfavhvmjcif;

oabmrsdK;roHk;acs/ (urm17;5/ 27;36/29;13-35)/ bGJU emrawmf\t"dyg,ftwGuf

oDtdk&Dtawmf rsm;rsm;&Sdonf/ (IDB, Vol 2, pp.409-11) rS&,lonf/
1. tm&yfrl&if;pum;rSqif;oufvmNyD; ]]jyif;jyaomarwmjy&ef}}
2. tm&yfrl&if;pum; ]]wdkufcwfonf (YHWHtm;rkefwdkif; bk&m;tjzpf)
3. Ugartic ,l*g;wpfac:cgeefpum;rSqif;oufNyD;]]ajymqdkonf}}
4. zdkeD;&Sef;uAnf;ausmufpmwpfckt&]]qufvufwnf&Sdaeapol}}(0g) ]]wnfNrJapol}}

45

5. a[NAJ Qal Bud,myHkpH ]]&Sdaeol}} (tem*wftjrif ]]&SdaeOD;rnfol}})

6. a[NAJ Hiphil Bud,myHkpH ]]jzpfay:apol}}
7. a[NAJrl&if;
(urm3;20)
]]touf&Sifonf}}/t"dyg,frSm
]]tNrJtouf&Sifol}}
]]wpfyg;wnf;touf&Sifaeol}}
8. xGuf 3;13-16 ygusrf;ydk't
f & ]]igonfjzpfae ustwdik f; qufvufjzpfaernf}}(0g)
]]igonf^jzpfcJh,ckwdkif^jzpfae onfhtwdkif; qufvuf^jzpfaernf}} (J.Wash Watt,
A Survey of Syntax in the Old Testament, p.67) YHWH \emrnf
tjynfhtpHkudktwdkaumufjzifh (0g) jzpfEkdiforQrl&if;yHkpHtm;jzifhazmfjyavh&Sdonf/
(1) Yah (Oyrm Hallelu-yah, BDB 219, xGu1f 5;2/ 17;16/ qmvH89;9/
104;35)/
(2) Yaho (iah ESifhqHk;aomemrnfrsm;/ Oyrm- Isaiah)/
(3) Yo (JJoESifhpaomemrnfrsm;/ Oyrm- Joshua (0g) Joel)/
*sL;bmomaemufydkif;umvrsm;wGif
y#dnmOfcHemrawmfrSm
oefY&Sif;vGef;ojzifh?

3/

xGuf20;7/ w&m;5;11/ 6;13 wkdYyg&Sdaom ynwfcsufudk csdK;azguf&mra&muf ap&ef *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;onf

xdkemrawmfudk

rajym&JMuacs/

]]udk,fawmf

[lt"dyg,f &Sdaoma[NAJpum;vHk;

lord

xdkYaMumifholwdkYonf

]]ydkif&Sif}}
adon

(0g)

]]q&mBuD;^master}}
adonai

(uREfkyf\t&Sif) jzifhtpm;xdk;

Muonf/ "ra[mif;usrf;zwf&if; YHWH pum;vHk;ESifh wdk;rdaomtcgt&Sif (my

Muonf/

xkdYaMumifh

t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;

YHWH

udk

]]cifyGef;onf}}

LORD

lord)

[ktoHxGuf

[lpmvHk;BuD;rsm;jzifh

a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/
4/

EI, YHWH

ESifhpyfvsOf;tpa&;wdkY\ y#dnmOfcHbk&m;ocif\xl;jcm;csuf tcsdKUtm;

tav;teufjyK&ef 4if;udk tjcm;a0g[m&rsm;ESifhwGJzufavh&Sdonf/ wGJzuf a0g[m&rsm;pGm&SdEdkifaomfvnf;

ae&mwGiftcsdKUazmfjyygonf/
1. YHWH- Yireh a,a[m0g;-,D&d (YHWHonfjyifqifay;vdrfhrnf/ BDB 217 & 906)/
urm22;14/
2. YHWH-Rophekha
a,a[m0g;-a&myufcg
(YHWH
onfoifhtm;
a&m*gaysmufuif;apoljzpfonf/ BDB 217 & 950) xGuf15;26/
3. YHWH- Nissi a,a[m0g;-edpd (YHWH onfig\atmifvaH wmfjzpfonf/ BDB
217 & 651) xGuf17; 15/
4. YHWH- Meladdishkem (YHWH onfoifhtm;oefY &Sif;apoljzpfonf/ BDB
217&872 Piel PARTICLE) xGuf31;13/

46

5. YHWH- Shalom (YHWH onfNidrfoufjcif;jzpfonf/ BDB 217&1022)

w&m;olBuD;6;24/
6. YHWH- Sabbaoth (AdkvfajcwdkY\YHWHjzpfonf/ BDB 217&878) 1"r
1;3?11/4;4/ 15;2/ ya&mzufusrf;rsm;rMumcPawGU&onf/
7. YHWH- Ro I (YHWH onfuREfkyftm;odk;uJhodkY xdef;ausmif;oljzpfonf/
BDB217&944 Qa/ PARTICLE)qmvH23;1/
8. YHWH- Sidqenu (YHWH onfigwkdY\ajzmifhrwfjcif;jzpfonf/ BDB
217&841) a,&rd23;6/
9. YHWH- Shammah (YHWH onft&yf&Sdonf/ BDB 217&1027)
a,Zausv 48;35/

1;5 ]]igwkdY}} aygvkonf ola&;aomtjcm;Mo0g'pmwdkYrSm enf;wlrdrd\ tzGifhrdwfquf

tjcm;olrsm;tm;azmfjy jcif;rjyKcJhacs/ pum;pkonf 'roufNrdKUoGm;&mvrf; aygvk ajymif;vJ
oGm;cJhjcif;ESifh cefYtyfjcif; cH&rItm; &nfGef;onf/ (wref9)/ ]]igwdkY}} [laom pum;vHk;onf
tqdkyg cefYtyfcH&jcif;udktcdkiftrmqdkvdkonf/
]]aus;Zl;awmfESifh wrefawmft&mudkigwdkYonfcH&MuNyD}} aygvkonf c&pfawmfaMumifh
&aomu,fwifjcif; qkaus;Zl;udk omvQifajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? 4if;ESifh qufpyfvsuf
wyg;trsdK;om;wkdYtwGufwrefawmftjzpf ac:jcif;cH&rIudkyg tcdkiftrmajymjcif;jzpfygonf/
t&mtm;vHk;
'roufNrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:csufjcif;
jzpfay:onf/
(AORIST
ACTIVE INDICATIVE, wrefawmf 9;1-22/ 22;3-16/ 26;9-18)/
4if;rSmxdkufwefrIaMumifh r[kwfbJ aus;Zl;awmfoufoufjzpfonf/
]]aus;Zl;awmf}} ESifh ]]wrefawmft&m}} udkwpfrsdK;wnf;tjzpf ]]wrefawmfjzpf&jcif;aus;Zl;}}
[k,lEdkifonf/ (NET note # 13)]]"ropfusrf; bmomjyefusrf; 26usrf; (The New
Testament in 26 Translations (p.646) pvHk;onf4if;udk-------.
]]apjcif;iSg (to bring about)}} 4if;rSm&nf&G,fcsufwckwnf;twGuf eis tm;'kwd,
tBudrfoHk;jcif;jzpfonf/ wif;aumif;onfbk&m;ocif\oPmefawmfudk a,Ic&pfawmftm;
,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh jyefvnf&,laponf/ 4if;onf bk&m;ocif\ rlvtBuHtpnftm;
ay:vGifvmaponf/ 4if;rSm bk&m;ocif\trSwfvuPmudk xif[yfapaomvlrsdK;wpfrsdK;
(,HkMunfolrsm;)ESifh rdrd\ &if;ESD;aom rdwfo[m, yifjzpfonf/ (i,f 7)/

NASB, NJB]],HkMunfem;axmifjcif;}}
NKJV]],HkMunfem;axmifjcif;twGuf}}
NRV]],HkMunfem;axmifapjcif;iSg}}
TEV]],HkMunfem;axmifap&ef}}
47

4if;rSma&mrMo0g' tcsuftjcma0g[m&jzpfaom ]],HkMunfjcif;}} pum;vHk;tm; yxrqHk;

toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ (4;5 \ txl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg)/ pum;vHk;udk tcef;BuD;ESifh
usrf;xJ oHk;rsdK;oHk;pm;jzifh toHk;jyKonf/
1. ti,f
5/
a,IESifhc&pf,meftoufwmESifh
qdkifaom
ormw&m;rsm;(0g)
Mo0g'rsm;twGuf toHk;jyK onf/ (wrefawmf6;7/ 13;8/ 14;22/ 16;5/ a&mr14;1/
16;26/ *vmwd1;23/ 6;10/ ,k' 3?20)/
2. ti,f 8/ ae&mrlvlwpfOD;csif;u a,Itm;,HkMunfjcif; twGuftoHk;jyKonf/
t*Fvdyf pum;vHk; ]] believe,}} ]] faith }} ESifh ]] trust }} oHk;rsdK;pvHk; (,HkMunfonf/
udk;pm;onf)
*&dpum;
(pistis/pisteuo)
tm;bmomjyef
jcif;jzpfonf/
{0Ha*vdw&m;onf tawG;tac: (t,l0g') ESifh yk*dKvfESpfrsdK;pvHk;jzpfonf/ (i,f 16/
a,m[ef 1;12? 3;36)/ 4;5 \txl;acgif;pOfudkMunfhyg/
3. ti,f 17/ ae&m "ra[mif;tjrifjzpfaom tm;udk;tm;xm;xdkufjcif;?
opm&Sdjcif;(0g) rSDcdk&jcif;tjzpf toHk;jyKonf/ 4if;rSm[AuKwf2;4\t"dyg,fjzpfonf/
"ra[mif;acwf ,HkMunfjcif;qkdif&mMo 0g'zGHYNzdK;rI[l r&SdbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
touf&Sifjcif;\ Oyrmrsm;wpfckNyD; wpfomvQif&Sdonf/ (tmjA[H- urmOD;15;6)/
4if;wdkYrSmpHkvifjynfh0aom,HkMunfjcif;rsdK;r[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh kef;uefrlomvQif
jzpfonf/ (a[NAJ11)/ vlom;\ajrmfvifhjcif;rSmrdrdwkdYvkyfaqmifEdkifpGrf; (0g) rSefuefpGm
,HkMunfEdkifjcif;r[kwfbJbk&m;ocif\yifukd,fpdkuftm;jzifh&&Sdaomajrmfvihfjcif;jzpfonf/
(3;24/ 6;23/ {zuf2;8-9)/ bk&m;&SifuomvQif,HkMunfxdkufoljzpfonf (rmvcd3;6) /
u,fwifjcif;jzpfpOf[kac:EdkifaomjyKrIaqmif&GufrIjzpfpOfwpfck&Sdonf/
(1) tjypfudkaemifw&jcif; (2;4/ rmuk1;15/ vkum13;3?5/ wref3;16?19/ 20;21)/
(2) ,HkMunfjcif;/ belief/ faith (1;16/ a,m[ef1;12/ 3;16/ wref16;31/
a&ESpfr*Fvmonf rdrd\ ,HkMunfrItm; vltrsm;a&SuarSmuf aMumfjimjcif;
jzpfonf/)
(3) emcHjcif;^em;axmifjcif;/ (2;13/ 2aum9;13/ 10;5/ 1ay1;2?22)/
(4) pGJNrJjcif;(2;7/ vkum18;1/ 2aum4;1? 16/ *vmwd6;9/ 2ouf 3;13)/
4if;wdkYrSm y#dnmOfw&m;opf\tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYrSmc&pfawmftxJrS
bk&m;ocifay;onfht&mudkvufcH^,HkMunfumqufuyf
vufcH^,HkMunfoGm;&efjzpfonf/
(i,f 16/ a,m[ef1;12)/

48

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / "ra[mif;usrf;xJu,HkMunfjcif;^udk;pm;jcif;? opm&Sdjcif; faith and faithfulness (gba)

believe, trust,

1/ tzGifhazmfjycsuf
"rynmqdkif&m t,ltqtm;toHk;jyKjcif;onf "ropfusrf;tBuD;jrwfqHk;jzpfaomt&mjzpfum?
"ra[mif;usrf;rlxdkodkY&Sif;vif;jcif;r&SdaMumif;azmfjy&efvdktyfonf/ 4if;rSm"ra[mif;usrf; &Sdonf
rSefaomfvnf; a&G;cs,fxm;onfh aomhcsuf pmydk'frsm;ESifh yk*dKvfrsm; om&Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf/
"ra[mif;usrf; xJa&mpyfyg0ifyHkrsm;
u/ vlwpfOD;csif;ESifh vlrItodkif;t0dkif;
c/ vlyk*dKvftm;jzifh awGUBuHK&jcif;ESifh y#dnmOfw&m;tm;emcHjcif;/
,HkMunfjcif;onfvludk,fwdkifawGUBuHKjcif;ESifh
aeYpOftouf&Sifjcif;yHkpHjzpfonf/
tu&mpm
om;rsm;tm;jzifha&;om; azmfjyjcif;xuf vlyk*dKvfwpfa,muftm;jzifh azmfjyjcif;rSmydkrdkvG,fulonf/
vlyk*dKvfjrif&yHkudktaumif;qHk;&Sif;vif;azmfjyrIrsm;rSm
u/ tmNA[HESifh ol\tquftEG,frsm;
c/ 'g0d'f ESifh tpa&;
yk*dKvfrsm;onf
bk&m;ocifudkawGUBuHKMu&NyD;?
olwdkY\b0rSmtNrJajymif;
vJoGm;cJhonf/
(pHkvifjynfh0aomtoufwmrsdK;r[kwfbJ? qufvuf,HkMunfoGm;aomtoufwmjzpfonf)/ prf;oyfcH&
rIrsm;onfbk&m;ociftm;
awGUBuHKaomolwdkY\
,HkMunfrItm;enf;csuftm;om;csufrsm;udkay:vGifap
aomfvnf;&if;ESD;uRrf;0ifaom? ,HkMunfudk;pm;onfhqufqHa&;onfwpfa&SmufvHk;qufvufoGm;cJhonf/
4if;onfprf;oyfjcif;ESifh aq;aMumrIrsm;cH&aomfvnf; olwdkY\qufuyfrIESifh touf&Sifjcif;
yHkpHuouf aoxlonfhtwdkif;qufvufoGm;cJhonf/
toHk;jyKaomrl&if;pum;vHk;
2/
u/ gba (BDB 52)
1/ Bud,m
(1) Qal tajccH -axmufyHhonf? auR;arG;jyKpkonf (4"r10;1?5/ {owm2;7/
"rynmESifh rqdkifaomtoHk;tEIef;)
(2) Niphal tajccH- aocsmaponf (0g) twnfjzpfaponf? wnfaxmifonf?
twnfjyKonf? ,HkMunftm;xm;&onf/
1. vlrsm;ESifh qdkifa[&Sm, 8;2/ 53;1/ a,&rd 40;14/
2. t&m0wKrsm;ESifh qdkif a[&Sm, 22;23/
3. bk&m;ocifESihf qdkifw&m;a[m 7;9?12/ a[&Sm, 49;7/ a,&rd 42;5/
2/ Hiphil tajccH cdkifcHh&yfwnfonf? ,HkMunfonf? udk;pm;onf/
1. tmjA[Honf bk&m;ocifudk,HkMunfonf/ urmOD; 15;6/
2. tD*spfEdkifiHu tpa&;vlrsdK;rsm;u,HkMunfcJhMum;onf/xGuf 4;31/ 14;31
(w&m;a[m 1;32y,fzsufonf)

49

3. arma&SrSwqifh pum;ajymaom YHWH udktpa&;rsm;,HkMunf cJhMuonf/

xGuf19;9/ qmvH106;12?24/
4. tmcwfrif;onf bk&m;ocifudkr,HkMunf? a[&Sm,7;9/
5. 4if;^olYtm;vHk;,HkMunfolwdkif;? a[&S,28;16/
6. bk&m;ociftaMumif;ormw&m;rsm;,HkMunf? a[&Sm, 43;10-12/
2/ txD;jyemrf - opm&Sdjcif; (w&m;a[m32;20/ a[&Sm,25;1/ 26;2)
-ppfrSefpGm? rSefuefpGm? uREfkyfoabmwlnDonf? xdkodkYjzpfEdkifonf
3/ Bud,m
(w&m;a[m27;15-26/ 3"r1;36/ 1&m16;36/ a[&Sm,65;16/ a,&rd11;5? 28;6/ 4if;rSm"ra[mif;?
"ropfrsm;&Sdqkawmif;pmrsm; oHk;onf ]]tmrif}} jzpfonf/
c/ (BDB 54) trjyemrf - cdkifrmjcif;? opm&Sdjcif;? ormw&m;
1/ vlrsm;ESifh qdkif? a[&Sm,10;20/ 42;3/ 48;1/
2/ bk&m;ESihf qdkif? xGuf34;6/ qmvH117;2/ a[&Sm,38;18? 19/61;8/
3/ ormw&m;ESifh qdkif? w&m;a[m32;4/ 3"r22;16/ qmvH33;4/ 98;3/
100;5/ 119;30/ a,&rd9;4/ Zmc&d8;16/
*/
(BDB 53) cdkifcHhjcif;? wnfNrJjcif;? opmapmifhjcif;/
1/ vufrsm;ESifh qdkif? xGuf17;12/
2/ tcsdefumvESifh qdkif? a[&Sm,33;6/
3/ vlom;rsm;ESifh qdkif? a,&rd5;3/ 7;28/ 9;2/
4/ bk&m;ESifhqdkif? qm 40;11/ 88;12/ 89;2?3?6?9/ 119;138/
3/ "ra[mif;t,ltqudk aygvktoHk;jyKonf/
u/ aygvkonf YHWH ESifh "ra[mif;usrf;tm; rdrdem;vnfoabmaygufrIudk
'roufNrdKUoGm;
&mvrf;ay:a,IESifh
yk*dKvftm;jzifhqHkawGUjcif;tay:tajcjyKonf/
(wrefawmf9;22/ 26)/
c/
olonfrdrd\topfem;vnfoabmaygufrltm;taxmuftuljyKonfh aomhcsufusaom"r
a[mif;usrf;ydk'fESpfckawGU&NyD; 4if;wkdYrl&if; udktoHk;jyKonf/
1. urm15;6 - bk&m;ocif tpjyKrIjzifhtmjA[Honf rdrdudk,fwdkif bk&m;ocif
tm;awGUBuHKrIonf urm 12 ,HkMunfrIjzifh emcHaomtoufwmjzpfaponf/
(urm12-22) aygvkonftcsufudk a&mr4ESifh *vmwd3 wkdY&nfTef;onf/
2. a[&Sm,28;16 - olukd,HkMunfolrsm;onf (bk&m;ocifuprfoyfNyD;cdkifrmpGmcs
onfhwdkufaxmifhtkwfjrpfausmuf) rnfonfhtcgrQ
u/
a&mr 9;33 ]]&SufaMumufjcif;}} (0g) ]]pdwfysufjcif;}} rcHpm;ap&/
c/
a&mr 10;11 txufygtwkdif;

50

3. [AuKwf2;4 - opmw&m;jynfh0ol bk&m;ociftm; oduRrf;olrsm;onf

opm&Sdaom toufwm&Sd &rnf/ (a,&rd7;28)/ aygvkonftaMumif;udkyif a&mr1;17 ESifh
*vmwd 3;10 utoHk; jyKonf/ (a[NAJ 10;38 udkrSwfom;yg)/
4/ aywkonf "ra[mif;usrf;t,ltqtoHk;jyKyHk
u/ aywkonf atmufygwkdYudkaygif;pyftoHk;jyKonf/
1/ a[&Sm, 8;14 - 1ay2;8 (xdrdvJp&m)
2/ a[&Sm, 28;16 - 1ay2;6 (wdkufaxmifhtkwfjrpf)
3/ qmvH 111;22 - 1ay2;7 (jiif;y,fcHausmufwHk;)
c/
olonftpa&;tm; ]]a&G;cs,faomtrsdK;? rif;pnf;pdrf&Sdaom,Zfyka&m[dwfrsdK;? oefY&Sif;
aomtaygif;toif;}}
[la&;om;azmfjyonfh
twktEdIif;uif;aompum;udk
atmufygusrf; ydk'fwkdYrS&,lonf/
1/ w&m;10;15/ a[&Sm43;21
2/ a[&Sm61;6/ 66;21
3/ xGuf19;6/ w&m;7;6
4if;wdkYudkc&pfawmftm;,HkMunfaomtoif;awmftwGuftoHk;jyKonf/
xdkt,ltqudk a,m[eftoHk;jyKyHkrSm
5/
u/ "ropfusrf;toHk;jyKyHk
]],HkMunfonf (belived)}} pum;vHk;rSm*&dpum; pisteu rSvmNyD; ]],HkMunf}} (believe)
]]udk;pm;}} (faith or trust) [lvnf;bmomjyefqdkEdkifonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh a,m[efc&pf0if
usrf;4if; pum;vHk;udkemrftjzpfrawGU&bJ Bud,mtjzpf omrMumcP oHk;onf/
emZ&uf NrdKUom;a,Itm;ar&Sd,tjzpf vltkwfBuD;\ qufuyfrIrSm ppfrSefjcif;
believe
&Sdr&Sda,m[ef2;
23-25
raorcsmjzpfonf/
]],HkMunf}}
qdkaompum;vHk;tm;
tay:,HtjzpftoHk;
jyKjcif;\
tjcm;Oyrmrsm;rSm
a,m[ef8;31-59ESifh wrefawmf 8;13? 18-24 wdkYjzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmenf;us
ppfrSefonfh,HkMunfjcif; (faith) rSmtpjyKrIxufydkrdkonf/ 4if;udk wjynhf awmfjzpfjcif;
tqifhqifhuvdkufvm &rnfjzpfonf/ (rJ13;20-22?31-32)/
c/
4if;tm;0dbufrsm;ESifh toHk;jyKjcif;
eis \t"dyg,frSmtxJodkY into jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\udk;pm;^
1/
,HkMunfjcif;udk a,ItxJxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
1. ol\emrnfxJ (a,m1;12/ 2;23/3;18/ 1a,m5;13)/
2. ol\txJ (a,m[ef2;11/ 3;15? 18/ 4;39/ 6;40/ 7;5?31?39?48/
8;30/ 9;36/ 10;42/ 11;45?48/ 17;37? 42/ rJ18;6/ wref10;43/
zdvdyd1;29/ 1ay1;8)/
3. ightxJ (a,m[ef6;35/ 7;38/ 11;25?26/ 12;44?46/ 14;1?12/
16;9/ 17;20)/
4. om;awmftxJ (a,m[ef3;36/ 9;35/ 1a,m5;10)/
5. a,ItxJ (a,m[ef12;11/ wref19;4/ *vmwd2;16)/
6. tvif;awmfxJ (a,m[ef12;36)/
7. bk&m;ocifxJ (a,m[ef14;1)/

51

2/

onf ]]txJ - in }}[k t"dyg,f&Sdonf/ a,m[ef3;15/ rmuk1;15/

wref 5;14/
3/
epi onf txJ^tay: - in or upon [kt"dyg,f&Sdonf/ rJ 27;42/
wref9;42/ 11;17/16;31/ 22;19/ a&mr4;5? 24/ 9;33/ 10;11/ 1wd
1;16/ 1ay2;6/
4/
0dbwfrwGJbJtoHk;jyKaom DATIVE CASE usrf;ydk'frsm;rSm *vmwd3;6/ wref
18;8/ 27;25/ 1a,m3;23/ 5;10/
hoti onf ]]aMumif;tm;,HkMunfonf}} [kt"dyg,f&SdNyD; ,HkMunf&rnfht&m
5/
wqufwnf;yg0ifonf/
1. a,Ionf bk&m;ocif\oefY&Sif;oljzpfonf/ (a,m[ef6;69)/
2. a,Ionf igjzpfonfqdkoljzpfonf/ (a,m[ef8;24)/
3. a,Ionfcrnf;awmftxJ&Sd? crnf;awmfonfolYtxJ&Sdonf/ (a,m[ef
10;38)/
4. a,IrSm ar&Sd,jzpfonf/ (a,m[ef11;27/10;31)/
5. a,IrSm bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfonf/ (a,m[ef11;27/ 20;31)/
6. a,Iudkcrnf;awmfuapvGwfonf/ (a,m[ef11;42/ 17;8?21)/
7. a,Ionf crnf;awmfESifh wpfvHk;wpf0wnf;jzpfonf/ (a,m[ef 14;1011)/
8. a,Ionf crnf;awmfxHrS<uvmonf/ (a,m[ef16;27?30)/
9. a,Ionf crnf;awmf\y#dnmOfcHemrawmfjzpfaom ]]ig--jzpfonf}} ESifh
rdrdudk,frdrdwxyfwnf;jyKonf/ (a,m[ef8;24/ 13;19)/
10. igwkdYonfolESifh twlaexdkifMurnf/ (a&mr6;8)/
11. a,Ionf taocH jyef&Six
f ajrmufonf/ (1ouf4;14)/
6/
ed*Hk;csKyfjcif;
ormusrf;enf;us,HkMunfjcif;rSm bk&m;ajympum;^uwdawmftm; vlom;uwHkYjyefjcif;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonftpjyKavh&Sdaomfvnf; (a,m[ef 6;44?65) bk&m;&Sif\qufoG,frI vlom;
\wHkYjyefrIvdktyfonf/
u/
tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKjcif; - trust
c/
y#dnmOfcHvkdufemrI covenant obedience
ormusrf;enf;us,HkMunfjcif;onf
1/
yk*dKvftm;jzifh qufpyfrI (tpjyKaom,HkMunfjcif;)
2/
ormusrf;enf;usormw&m;tm;twnfjyKjcif;/
(bk&m;ocif\zGifhjyrItm; t,HktMunf&Sdjcif;)
3/
4if;tm;oifhavsmfvHkavmufaomemcHrIjzifh wHkYjyefjcif; (aeYpOf,HkMunfrI)
en

ormusrf;enf;us,HkMunfjcif;[lonf aumif;uifbHka&muf&ef vufrSwf (odYk) tmrcHpHepfwpf&yf

r[kwfacs/ 4if;rSm yk*dKvfcsif;qufpyfrI^ awmfpyfrIjzpfonf/ 4if;rSm zefqif;jcif;\&nf&G,fcsuf
jzpfNyD;? vlom;rsm;udkbk&m;ocif\ oPmefawmfESifh tnDbk&m;ocifuJhodkY zefqif;onf/ (urm
1;26-27)/ 4if;aMumifh jzpfvmaomt&mrSm ]]&if;ESD;uRrf;0ifjcif;}} jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
rdwfo[m,jzpfjcif;^taygif;tazmfjzpfjcif;udk vdkvm;jcif;jzpfNyD;? "rynmqkdif&mt&yfwnfrIwpfck
tm;vdkvm;jcif;r[kwfacs/ odkYaomfoefY&Sif;awmfro
l lbk&m;ocifESifh taygif;toif;jzpfjcif;wGifom;
jzpfolwkdY
]]rdom;pk}}
vuPmxif&Sm;ay:vGiaf e7efvdktyfonf/(OyrmoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;?
0wfjyK19;2/ rJ5;48/ 1ay1;15-16)/ tjypfxu
J sqif;jcif;onf uREfkyfwkdY\oifhavsmf
vHkavmufpGm wHkYjyefrIpGrf;&nfudk xddcdkufonf/
52

xkdYaMumifhbk&m;ocifonf
uREfkyfwdkYbufaeum
vkyfaqmifvsuf
(a,Z36;27-38)
]]ESvHk;topf}} ESifh ]]0dnmOftopf}} ay;onf/ 4if;onf uREfkyfwdkYtm;,HkMunfjcif;ESifh tjypfukd
aemifw&jcif;tm;jzifh udk,fawmfESifh rdwfo[m,jzpfum oltm;emcHEdkif&ef wwfpGrf;Edkifaponf/
txufyg tcsufoHk;ckpvHk;rSm tjywfqHk;jzwfrIay;onfhta&;BuD; tcsufrsm;jzpfonf/
oHk;csufpvHk;qufvufxdef;xm;&ygrnf/ yef;wdkifrSmbk&m;ociftm;oduRrf;&ef (a[NAJESifh *&d
tjrifESpfckpvHk;) ESifh ol\trSwftom;tm;uRefawmfwdkY\ toufwm xif[yfay:vGif
ap&efjzpf onf/ ,HkMunfjcif;\ yef;wdkifrSm wpfaeYaomtcgaumif;uifbHka&muf&ef r[kwfbJ?
c&pfawmfESifh aeYpOfwlae&efjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifESifh qufpyfESD;EG,rf ItwGufvlom;\opm&Sdjcif;onftajccH("ra[mif;)r[kwf
bJ? &v'f ("ropf) jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\opmw&m;tay:vlom;u,HkMunfonf/ bk&m;
ocif\ ,HkMunfxdkufrIudkvlom;uudk;pm;jcif;jzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;qdkif&m"ropfusrf;tjrif\
tESpfom&rSmc&pfawmftxJ&Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyxm;onfh bk&m;ociftpjyKay;cJhaom aus;Zl;awmfESifh
*kPmawmfudk vlom;utpjyKwHkYjyefum? qufvufwkHYjyef oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ udk,fawmfonf
uRefawmfwkdYudkcspfcJhygNyD/ om;awmfudkapvTwfcJhygNyD? uRefawmfwkdYudkaxmufrcJhygNyD/ uRefawmfwdkY
onf,HkMunfjcif;ESifh opm&SdrIjzifhwHkYjyefMu&ygrnf/ ({zuf2;8-9 ESifh 10)/
opm&Sdaombk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,frdrdtm;opmrJhaomavmu zGifhjyrnfh? opm&Sdaom
vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;tvdk&Sdaeygonf/

NASB ]]rdrd\emrawmfudkaxmuf}}
NKJV ]]rdrd\emrawmftbdkYtvdkiSg}}
NRSV ]]rdrd\emrawmfudkaxmuf}}
TEV ]]c&pfawmfudkaxmuf}}
NJB ]]emrawmftm;csD;ajrmuf&ef}}
10;9\txl;taMumif;t&mMunfhyg/
]],HkMunfem;axmifjcif;/}} *&drl&if;usrf;\twdtuspum;pkrSm ]]em;axmifapjcif;iSg(eis)}}
[ljzpfonf/ {0Ha*vdw&m;rSm
1/ tjypfudkaemifw&jcif;ESifh udk;pm;jcif;tm;jzifh csufjcif;em;axmif^emcH&efjzpfonf/
2/ c&pfawmfuJhodkYaomemcHjcif;ESifhpGJNrJaomtouf&Sifjcif;yHkpH
{0Ha*vdw&m;onf
qkaus;Zl;
wpfrsdK;jzpfaomfvnf;
&vm'fudkarQmfvifhonf!
"ropfusrf;onf "ra[mif; enf;wly#dnmOf w&m;jyKjcif;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ ESpfrsdK;pvHk;onf
,HkMunfjcif;^emcHjcif;jzifh wHkYjyefrIawmif;qdkonf/ ESpfrsdK;pvHk;tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;? wm0efrsm;ESifh
ajrmfvifhjcif;rsm;&Sdonf/ (Oyrm {zuf1;4/ 2;10)/4if;rSmajzmifhrwfaomtvkyfr[kwfbJ?
twnfjyKaom tvkyfrsm;jzpfonf (,mukyf/ 1a,m)/ xm0&toufjrifawGUEdkifaom
xl;jcm;rIrsm;&Sdonf/
53

 NASB, NRSV ]]wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm; tm;vHk;txJ}}

NKJ ]]vlrsdK;rsm; tm;vHk;txJ}}
TEV ]]vlrsdK;rsm; tm;vHk;rSvlrsm;}}
NJB ]]omoemyvlrsdK;rsm; tm;vHk;}}
4if;rSmwpfurmvHk;qdkif&m {0H*vdw&m;jzpfonf/ urmOD;

3;15

xJbk&m;ocif

uwdjyKonfha&G;EIwf jcif;vlom;wpf&yfvHk;yg0ifonf/ a,I\ udk,fpm;jyK taocHjcif;onf

tjypfusqif;aomtm'H\tquftEG,ftm;vHk;twGufjzpfonf/ (5;18/ a,m[ef1;29/
3;16/ 4;42/ 6;35? 51/ 1aum15;22/ 2aum5;19/ {zuf2;11-3;13/ 1wd2;4/ 4;10/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / uREfkyf\{0Ha*vdqkdif&moD;oefYtjrif
wdwk2tcsuf
;11/ a[N
;9/tjrif2ay3;9/
1a,m2;2/
nf"rynm
rdrdtqdm;wpf
uREfAkyJ2f\
wpfrsdK;jzpfaMumif
;pmIolrsm;ud4;14)/
k0efcHygonfaygvk
/ uREfo
kyf\
kif&m yg;
trsrdK;Smom;rs
bk&w
m;ocif
{0Ha*vd
owif;aumif
ym&ef
t)r[k
xl;w
ac:zd
fjciftjzpf
tjrif
uJvfAmif;xH
0g'r[k
fovdku\mvtyd
kif;tjcm;0g'vnf
; ;tm;a[maj
(dispensationel
ical
fbJ? wr[map
jrif;{0H
oanf*vd
/ 0(wref
;15/
22;21/
26;17/ vka&mr11;13/
1;16/o2;29/
cdod
kif;jcif
g'jzpfo9nf
/ (rJ
28;18-20/
um24;46-47/ 15;16/
wref1;8)*vmwd
bk&m;ocif
nf
rd{zuf
rdoP3m;2?8/
efawmfE1wd
Sifht2nD;7/ rd2wd
rdu4Jho;17)/
dkY zefqif;aomvlom;tm;vHk; (urm1;26-27) wdkYtm;a&G;EIwf&ef
xm0&tBuHtpnfawmf&Sdonf[kuREfkyf,HkMunfonf/ (urm3;15/ 12;3/ xGuf19; 5-6/ a,&rd31;
31-34/ a,Z18/ 36;22-39/ wref2;23/ 3;18/ 4;28/ 13;29/ a&mr3; 9-18? 19-20? 2131)/ y#dnmOft&mrsm;onf c&pfawmftxJaygif;pnf;xm;onf/ (*vmwd3;28-29/ aum3;11)/
bk&m;ocifonfzHk;uG,fxm;aomt&mjzpfaomfvnf;

a,Ionf,cktcgzGifhjycJhNyDjzpfonf/

({zuf2;

11-3;13)! ormusrf;pm\aomhcsufrSmtpa&;r[kwf? "ropfusrf;\{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;jzpfonf/

uJhodkYaomem;vnfrIonf

uREfkyfjyKorQaomormusrf;pmteufjyefrItm;vHk;\ tajccHjzpf

onf/ uREfkyfonformusrf;pmxJ&Sd taMumif;t&mtm;vHk;

tajccHjzifhzwfyI gonf/ 4if;onf

wpfzufowfusonf rSefaomfvnf;(teufjyefoltm;vHk; xdkuJhodkYjzpfonf/) 4if;rSmormusrf;pmenf;

ustodtjrifrsm;rS&&Sdonf/

1;6
]]oifwdkYonfvnf;}}
aygvkonfbk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfESifh
qdkifjyif;xefaom
yHkoufao(toif;awmfudk SOf;yef;ol) jzpfaomfvnf; ol\pmzwfolrsm;rSmvnf;bk&m;ocif\
aus;Zl;awmfESifh rxdkufwefjcif;\ yHkoufaorsm;jzpfMuonf/
NASB, NKJV ]] xdkocifac:zdwfawmfrlaom}}
NRSV
]]a,Ic&pfawmfydkifqdkif&m tjzpfac:zdwfawmfrlaom}}
54

TEV
]]a,Ic&pfawmfydkifqkdif&mtjzpfbk&m;ocifac:zdwfawmfrlaom}}
NJB
]]ac:zdwfawmfrljcif;tm;jzifh a,Ic&pfawmfydkifqdkif&mjzpfaom}}
jzpfEdkifonfrSm
1/
]]ac:xkwfcH&olrsm;}} (0g) ]]pka0;aeolrsm;}} [lt"dyg,f&Sdaom ]]toif;awmf}}
qdkonfh pum;vHk;tm;arTaESmufazmfjyjcif;/
2/
bk&m;ocif\a&G;aumufjcif;tm;&nfTef;jcif; (a&mr 8;29-30/ 9;1/ {zuf
1;4?11/ 3;21/ 4;1?4)
3/
Revised English Bible \bmomjyefrI ]]ac:zdwfawmfrljcif;udkMum;cJh&NyD;?
a,Ic&pfawmf ydkifqdkif&mjzpfaom oifwkdY}} onfpum;pkrsm;tm; NRSV,
TEV
ESifh
JB
wdkY\
bmomjyefrIrsm;udk
xif[yf
onf/
atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mudkMunfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ]]ac:zdwfjcif;cH&aom}}
bk&m;ocifonf ac:zdwfjcif;? a&G;aumufjcif;ESifh ,HkMunfolrsm;tm;olxHodkYydk;yef;jcif;rsm;jyKum?
pwifjcif;jyKavh&Sdonf/ (a,m[ef6;44?65/ 15;16/ 1aum1;12/ {zuf1;4-5?11) ]]ac:zdwfjcif;}} [l
aoma0g[m&udk "rynmqkdif&m tjriftawmfrsm;rsm;toHk;jyKonf/
u/
bk&m;ocifonfc&pfawmf\NyD;pD;oGm;cJhaomtvkyfESifh 0dnmOfutjypfazmfjyrIrS wpfqifh
tjypfom;rsm;tm; aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;&&ef ac:zdwfonf/ (Oyrmtm;jzifh
kletos a&mr 1;6-7/ 9;24onf "rynmtm;jzifh 1aum1;1-2 ESifh 2wd 1;9/
2ay1;10ESifh qifwlonf)/
c/
tjypfom;rsm;onfu,fwifjcif;&&efudk,fawmf\emrawmfudkac:Muonf/ (Oyrm epikale
wref 2;21/22;16/ a&mr 10;9-13)/ 4if;rSm *sL;vlrsdK;wkdY\0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;pum;
wpfckjzpfonf/
*/
,HkMunfolwdkYudk c&pfawmfuJhodkY touf&Sif&efac:zdwfonf/ (Oyrm klesis 1aum 1;26/
7;20/ {zuf 4;1/ zdvdyd 3;14/ 2ouf 1;11/ 2wd 1;9)
C/
,HkMunfolwdkYudk trIawmfwm0efxrf;aqmif&efac:zdwfonf/ (wrefawmf 13;2/ 1aum
12;4-7/ {zuf 4;1)

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) usrf;/

2

a&mrNrdKU&Sdaom

/ 1;7

oefY&Sif;olrsm;tjzpfac:jcif;cH&onfhbk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;

cH&oltm;vHk;tay:

igwdkY\crnf;awmfbk&m;ocifESifh ocifa,Ic&pfawmfxHrS aus;Zl;awmfESifh Nidrfoufjcif;toufa&mufyg

apaom/

55

1;7 ]]bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;cH&ol}} pum;pkudka,I oHk;avh&Sdonf/ (rJ3;17/ 17;5)/

,cka&mrNrdKU &Sdaomtoif;awmfoHk;! 4if;onf rdrd\om;awmftm; udk;pm; olrsm;ay:
bk&m;ocifrnfrQeufdIif;pGm cspfaMumif; jyonf/ uJhokdYaomajymif;vJrIrsdK; {zuf1;20
vnf;awGU&onf/ (4if;rSma,ItwGuf bk&m;ocif\ vkyfaqmifrIjzpfNyD;? {zuf2;5-6
onf,HkMunfolrsm;twGufa,I\vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/)
]]a&mrNrdKU}}toif;awmfudk
aygvkpwifcJhjcif;r[kwfacs/
toif;awmf
rnfolpwifaMumif;
rnf
olrSrodacs/
(ed'gef;Munfh)
a&mrMo0g'pmrSm
wnfaxmifcJhNyD;om;toif;awmfodkY rdrdudk,f rdrdrdwfquf a&;om;aompmjzpfonf/
a&mrMo0g'pmrSm aygvkurdrda[majymcJhaom{0Ha*vd owif;aumif;udk taumif;qHk;
wdk;wufwifjyjcif;jzpfonf/ a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmftwGif;*sL;ESifh wyg;trsdK;om; ,HkMunfol
rsm;tMum; wif;rmrIrsm;&Sdum aygvkonf4if;udk Mo0g'pm wpfavQmufvHk;
ajymonfrSefaomfvnf;
(txl;ojzifh
9-10)
Mo0g'
pma&;om;&jcif;onf
ae&ma'owpfck\ tajctaeaMumifhjzpfp&mtvGef enf;yg;onf/
NASB ]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;tjzpfac:jcif;cH&}}
NKJV, NRSV
NJB ]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;tjzpfac:jcif;cH&}}
TEV ]]olYvlrsdK;rsm;jzpf&efac:jcifcH&}}
]]oefY&Sif;ol}} [laoma0g[m&rSm c&pfawmftxJ,HkMunfolrsm;\ taetxm;udk
ajymjcif;jzpfNyD; (6;4 \txl;taMumif;t&m Munfh) olwkdYtjypfuif;onf[krqdkvdkacs/
c&pfawmfESifh ydkydkwlvmMujcif;udk ajymjcif;vnf;jzpf&ayrnf/ a0g[m&udk zdvdyd 4;21
uvTJvQif trsm;jypum;jzifh azmfjyavh&Sdonf/ xdkusrf;ydk'f yifwpkwaygif;wnf;
ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefjzpfjcif;onf vlrItodkif;t0dkif;wpfck? rdom; pkwpfpk?
udk,fcEmwpfck\tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfvmjcif;jzpfonf/
aygvktm;wrefawmf
wpfyg;tjzpfac:aMumif;ti,fwpfa&;om;azmfjyonf/
,HkMunfolrsm;udk ]]a,Ic&pfawmfuac:xm;aomolrsm;}} jzpfMuonf[k ti,f 6
azmfjyonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;ukdvnf; ti,f 7 ]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;}}[kac:onf/
]]zdwfac:jcif;}} bk&m;ocif\tpjyKjcift&ifqHk;jzpfaMumif; ormw&m;tm; "ropfusrf;
tcdkiftrmazmfjyjcif;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ (1;6 \txl;taMumif;t&mMunfhyg)/ tjypfxJ
usqif;cJhNyD; olrnfonfhvlom;urS rdrd[mrdrdbk&m;ociftm;ac:jcif;rjyKcJhbl;acs/ (3;9-13/
a[&Sm ,53;6/ 1ay2;25)/ bk&m;ocifonftpjyKoljzpfavh&Sdonf/ (a,m[ef6;44?65/
15;16)/ olonf y#dnmOfw&m;udk uRefawmfwkdYxH,lvmavh&Sdonf/ (9;4 \
txl;taMumif;t&m
9;4
Munfhyg)/
uRefawmfwdkY\
u,fwifjcif;vnf;
xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ (uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf rSwf,lay;aomajzmifhrwfjcif; (0g) w&m;Oya't&
uRefawmfwkdY\&yfwnfrI)
wkdYjyiftrIawmfxda&mufpGmaqmif&GufEdkif&efqkaus;Zl;ay;jcif;ESifh
(1aum12;7?11) c&pf,mef toufwmtwGufvnf;jzpfonf/ atmufwGifMunfhyg/
56

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / oefY&Sif;olrsm;
4if;onfa[NAJ kadash ESifh t"dyg,fwl*&dpum;vHk;jzpf wpfpHkwpfa,muf? wpHkwck(0g)?
ae&mwpfcktm;
YHWH
twGufoufoufxm;jcif;qdkonfhtajccHt"dyg,f&Sdonf/
(BDB
871)4if;onf t*Fvdyfpm ]]the sacred}} -oefY&Sif;aponfht&m oabmudkazmfjyonf/ YHWH onf
rdrd\yifudk,f
obm0
(zefqif;cHr[kwfonfhxm0&emrf0dnmOf)ESifh
ol\tusifhpdkuf
(pHkvifjynfh0aomudk,fusifhw&m;)
rsm;tm;jzifhvlom;rsm;ESifh
oD;oefYjzpfonf/
olonf
tjcm;tm;vHk;wdkYudk wkdif;wm&mESifh w&m;pD&if&mpHjzpf onf/ olonfOmPfrrSDEdkifatmifjzpfaom
oefY&Sif;oljzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf vludkrdwfo[m,jyK&efzefqif;cJhaomfvnf;tjypfxJusqif;jcif; (urm3)
onf
oefY&Sif;aombk&m;ESifh
tjypf&Sdaomvlom;tMum;qufpyfrIESifh
udk,fusifhw&m;onf
twm;tqD;jzpf oGm;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf odwwfaomrdrd\zefqif;jcif;udk e*dkrIvtwdkif;jyef
jzpfap&ef a&G;cs,fojzifhrdrd \vlrsdK;tm;oeYf&Sif;jcif;&Sd&efac:zdwfonf/ (0wfjyK11;44/ 19;2/ 20;7?26
qufpyfrIt&bk&m;ocifESifh
21;8)/ ol\vlrsdK;onf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh YHWH ESifh
rdrdwdkY\y#dnmOfqdkif&mt& udk,fawmftxJrdrdwkdY\ &yfwnfrI taetxm;tm;jzifh oefY&Sif;olrsm;
jzpfvmMuonf rSefaomfvnf;oefY&Sif;aomtoufwm&Sd &efvnf;zdwfac:jcif;cHMuon (rJ5;48) f/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf oefY&Sif;pGmtouf&SifEdkifonf/ taMumif;rSm a,I\toufwmESifhtvkyf
tm;jzifholwdkYonftjynfhtpHkvufcHjcif;ESifhtjypfvGwfjcif;&&SdMuwm oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonfolwdkY\
pdwfESvHk;xJ&SdaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
tcsufonf
qefYusifbufjzpfae[ef&Sdaomtajctae
udkajyvnf oGm;aponf/ 4if;wdkYrSm
1/
c&pfawmf\ajzmifhrwfjcif;udk&&SdaomaMumifh oefY&Sif;Muonf/
2/
0dnmOfawmf&&SdaomaMumifh oefY&Sif;pGmtouf&Sif&efac:zdwfcH&onf/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf ]]oefY&Sif;oklrsm;}} (hagioi) jzpf&jcif;rsm (1) oefY&Sif;awmfrlol^crnf;awmf
\tvdkawmf (2) oefY&Sif;aomom;awmf (a,I)\ tvkyfaMumifhESifh (3) oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
usdef0yfrw
I dkYaMumifhjzpfonf/
"ropfusrf;onf oefY&Sif;olrsm;udktrsm;jypum;jzifhazmfjyavh&Sdonf/ (zdvdyd 4;21 tenf;jy
pum;oHk;aomfvnf;
taMumif;t&muazmfjyaeonfrSmtrsm;udk&nfTe;f onf)
u,fwifjcif;&
rIrSmrdom;pkwpfck? udk,fcEmwpfck? taqmuftOD;wpfck\ tpdwftydkif; wpfckjzpfvmjcif;yif jzpfonf/
ormusrf;pm enf;us,HkMunfjcif;onf wpfOD;csif;taejzifhvufcHrIESifh tpjyKaomfvnf; pkaygif;aom
rdwfo[m,jzpf
ay:aponf/
toif;awmfjzpfonfh
c&pfawmf\udk,fcEmtm;usef;rmap&ef?
BuD;xGm;ap&efESifh
aumif;rGefap&eftwGuf
uRefawmfwkdwpfa,mufcsif;tm;qkaus;Zl;ay;xm;onf/
(1aum12;11) uRefawmfwkdYudk tapcH&efu,fwifonf/ oefY&Sif;jcif;onfrdom;pk\vuPmjzpfonf/

]]txHawmfu aus;Zl;awmfESifh Nidrfoufjcif;onfoifwdkY &Sdygapaom}} if;rSm &Sifaygvk\

tzGifhaumif;csD;ay;jcif; yHkpHjzpfonf/ if;rSm *&dvlrsdK;wdkY\ ]EIwfqufjcif;} tpOftvm
a0g[m& (charein) jzpfNyD;? c&pf,mef a0g[m&ppfppfjzpfaom ]aus;Zl;awmf} (charis)
jzpfonf/ aygvkonf *&dtzGifhpum;tm; a[NAJwdkY\ tpOftvmEIwfqufpum; Shalom
57

(0g) ]Nidrfoufjcif;} ESifh aygif;pyfjcif; jzpfEkdifonf/ odkYaomf rSef;qjcif;rQom jzpfonf/

"rynm oabmt& aus;Zl;awmf aemuf Nidrfoufjcif; vkdufvmavh&SdaMumif; rSwfom;yg/
]]ocifa,Ic&pfESifh igwdkYtbwnf;[laom bk&m;ocifhtxHawmfu}} aygvkonf
emrnfESpfcktwGuf 0dbwfwpfckomvQif yHkrSefoHk;avh&Sdonf/ (1 aum 1;3? 2 aum 1;3?
*vmwd 1;3? {zuf 1;2? zdvdyd 1;1? 2 ouf 1;2? 1 wd1;2? 2wd 1;2? wdwk 1;4)/ if;rSm
oHk;yg;wpfqlrS xdkESpfyg;wdkYtm; o'genf;usqufpyfjcif;enf; jzpfonf/ if;onf a,IrSm
bk&m;jzpfaMumif;ESifh crnf;awmfESifh wef;wlnDaMumif; txl;jyKvdrfhrnf jzpfonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ bk&m;ocif\ crnf;awmft&m
1/ "ra[mif;usrf;
u/ zefqif;rItm;jzifh bk&m;ocifrSm crnf;awmfyif jzpfonf/
1/ urmOD; 1;26-27
2/ rmv 2;10
3/ wref 17;28
c/ crnf;awmf a0g[m&udk toGiftrsKdk;rsdK; t"dyg,fwltjzpf oHk;onf/
1/ tpa&;vlrsdK;\ zcif (a&G;aumufjcif;tm;jzifh)
u/ ]om;} - xGuf? 4;22? w 14;1? 39;5? a[&Sm 1;2? 63;16/ 64;8/ a,
3;19? 31;20? a[m 1;10? 11;1/ rmv 1;6
c/ ]om;OD;} xGuf? 4;22/ a,? 31;9/
2/ tpa&;bk&if\ crnf;awmf (ar&Sd,ESifhqdkifonf)
u/ 2 "r 7;11-16
c/ qm 2;7/ w&m; 13;33/ a[NAJ 1;5? 5;5
*/ a[m 11;1? r 2;15
3/ cspfaom rdbESifhqdkif qifwlpum;rsm;
u/ zcif (wifpm;jcif; - )
(1) olYom;udk ausmydk;onf w&m; 1;31
(2) pnf;urf;Muyfrwfonf w&m; 8;5/ ok 3;12
(3) axmufyHhonf (xGufajrmuf&m) w&m; 32;1
(4) pGefYcGgrnfr[kwf - qm 27;10
(5) cspfonf - qm 103;13
(6) rdwfaqG^vrf;jy - a, 3;4
(7) a&m*gaysmufapol^tjypfvTwfol - a, 3;22
(8) *kPmjyKol - a,? 31;20
(9) avhusifhay;ol - a[m 11;1-4
(10)
txl;om; - rmv 3;17
c/ rdcif wifpm;jcif; (metaphor)
58

(1) pGefYcGgrnfr[kwf - qm 27;10

(2) om;xdef;rdcifuJhodkY cspf - a[&Sm 49;15/ 66;9-13 ESifh a[m 11;4
(xrf;ydk;oabmjzifh tMuHay;rIudk ]om;uav;} oabmjzifh ajymif;vJonf)
2/ "ropfusrf;
u/ oHk;yg;wpfql (oHk;yg;pvHk; azmfjyaom usrf;ydk'frsm;)
1/ c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;
(u) r 3;16-17/ 28;19
(c) a,m 14;26
2/ aygvk
(u) a&mr 1;4-5/ 5;1? 5/ 8;1-4? 8-10
(c) 1 aum 2;8-10/ 12;4-6
(*) 2 aum 1;21/ 13;14
(C) *v 4;4-6
(i) { 1;3-14? 17/ 2;18/ 3;14-17/ 4;4
(p) 1 ouf 1;2-5
(q) 2 ouf 2;13
(Z) wd? 3;4-6
3/ aywk - 1 ay 1;2
4/ ,k' - i,f 20-21
c/ a,I
1/ a,Itm; ]wpfyg;wnf;aomol tjzpf} - a,m 1;18/ 3;16? 18/ 1 a,m 4;9
2/ a,Itm; ]bk&m;ocif\ om;awmftjzpf} - rJ 4;3/ 14;33/ 16;16/ vkum
1;32? 35/ a,m 1;34? 49/ 6;69/ 11;27
3/ a,Itm; cspfawmfrlaom om;awmftjzpf - r? 3;17/ 17;5
4/ a,Ionf bk&m;ociftm; (abba-tA) [k ac:onf/ rm 14;36
5/ a,Ionf olESifh uRefawmfwdkYESpfrsdK;pvHk;\ bk&m;ocifESifh awmfpyfrIudk
azmfjy&m emrfpm;rsm; oHk;onf/
(u) ]ig\ tb} Oyrm a,m 5;18/ 10;30? 33/ 19;7/ 20;17
(c) ]oifwdkY\ tb} Oyrm r? 17;24-27
(*)/ ]igwdkY\ tb} Oyrm r? 6;9? 14? 26
*/ bk&m;ocifESifh vlom;rsdK;EG,f\ &if;ESD;aomawmfpyfrItm; &Sif;vif;a&;om;&ef
rdom;pkqkdif&m wifpm;rIrsm;pGmteuf wpfckrSm
1/ bk&m;ociftm; tbtjzpf
2/ ,HkMunfolrsm;tm;
u/ bk&m;ocif\ om;rsm;tjzpf
c/ uav;rsm; (children) tjzpf
59

*/ bk&m;ocif jzpfzGm;apaom olrsm;tjzpf

C/ topfarG;zGm;olrsm;tjzpf
i/ arG;pm;om;tjzpf
p/ arG;xkwfonf
q/ bk&m;ocif\ rdom;pktjzpf

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) usrf;/ 1;8-15

8
oifwdkY\
,HkMunfjcif;onf
wpfurmvHk;
[dk;av;wausmf
jzpfaeojzifh
oifwdkYtm;vHk;aMumifh a,Ic&pfawmftm;jzifh ig\ bk&m;ociftm; yxrOD;pGm aus;Zl;wifyg\/
9
igqkawmif;onfhtcg oifwdkYtm;vHk;taMumif; tb,frQavmuf rjywfrvyf azmfjyaMumif;
rdrdom;awmf\ {0Ha*vdw&m;tm; a[m&m ig\ pdwf0dnmOftm;jzifh tapcH&m
bk&m;ocifonf ig\ oufaojzpf\/ 10,ckaemufqHk; bk&m;ocif\ tvkdawmftm;jzifh
oifwdkYxHodkY
igvma&mufEkdifaumif;
vma&muf
Edkifrnfvm;[k
qkawmif;ygonf/
11
oifwdkYcdkifcHhEkdif&ef? 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;tcsdKUtm; a0rQEdkif&ef oifwdkYudk igawGUvdkygonf/ 12if;rSm
oifwdkY&Sdaom ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh ig&Sdaom ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh igwdkYonf wpfa,muf\
,HkMunfjcif;aMumifh? tjcm;wpfa,muf\ ,HkMunfjcif;udk tm;ay;um? oifwdkYESifhtwl aepOf
igonf cGeftm;&EdkifrnftaMumif; jzpf\/ 13tjcm;aom wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;rSmenf;wl
oifwdkYvnf; toD;tcsdKU&Edkif&ef tvdkYiSg? oifwdkYqDvm&ef igrMumcP pDpOfaMumif; (,aeYxd
[efYwm;jcif;cH&onf) nDtpfudkwdkYrodbJ aejcif;iSg igrvdkr&dSdacs/ 14igonf *&dvlrsdK;rSm enf;wl
r,Ofaus;ao;olrsm;? ynm&Sdolrsm;ESifh ynmrJhol ESpfrsdK;pvHk;ay: wm0ef&Sd ygonf/ 15odkYjzpf&um;
ightaejzifhrl a&mrNrdKU&Sdaom oifwdkYqDvnf; {0Ha*vdw&m;a[m&ef qEjyif;jyygonf/
1;8 ]yxrOD;pGm} pmydk'f ]yxrOD;pGm} qdkonfrSm ]tpyxr} (0g) ]igtpjyK&OD;rnf} [k
t"dyg,f&Sdonf/ (J.B.Phillips)
]]a,Ic&pfawmftm;jzifh^rSwpfqifh ig\ bk&m;ociftm; aus;Zl;wifyg\/ aygvkonf
bk&m; ocifxH qkawmif;onfhtcg yHkrSeftm;jzifh a,Ic&pfawmfrSwqifh ajymavh&Sdonf/
a,IonfomvQif bk&m;ocifxH csOf;uyf&ef uRefawmfwdkY\ wpfckwnf;aom vrf;jzpfonf/
7;25 \ txl;taMumif;t&m aygvk\ csD;rGrf;jcif;ESifh aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif; qkawmif;rIrsm;
Munfhyg/
]]oifwdkYtm;vHk;taMumif;aMumifh}} tcef;i,f 7 rSmenf;wl ]tm;vHk;} [laompum;onf
ae;dk; bk&if\ trdefYaMumifh xGufajy;oGm;cJh&onfh *sL;vlrsdK;,HkMunfolrsm;ESifh if;wdkY\ ae&mudk
60

tpm;xdk;onfh wyg;trsdK;om;,HkMunfolrsm;tMum; remvdkrIESifh wdkufcdkufrItm; xif[yfjcif;

jzpfEdkifonf/ a&mr 9-11 vnf; taMumif;udkyif ajymonf/
a&mr 14;1-15;13 yg&Sdonfh ]tm;enf;ol} ESifh ]tm;MuD;ol} rsm;taMumif;udk
ajymjcif;vnf; jzpfEdkifonf/ bk&m;ocifonf a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmf&Sd tm;vHk;udk cspfNyD;? olwdkYudk
nDwlnDrQ cspfawmfrlonf/
]]oifwdkY\ ,HkMunfjcif;t&monf wurmvHk; [dk;av;wausmf jzpfaeojzifh}}
a&mr 16;19 onf t&mudkyif nTef;qdkonf/ if;onf a&mravmu^tifyg,mudkyif
nTef;qdkonfh ta&SUwdkif;yHkpHcsJUum;ajymqdkrIjzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;onf (1 ouf? 1;8)/
1;9 ]]bk&m;ocifonf ig\ oufaojzpfawmfrl\}} aygvkonf bk&m;ocif\ emrawmfudk
wkdifwnfum usdefqdkjcif; jzpfonf/ (9;1? 2aum 1;23? 11;10-11? 31/ 12;19/ *vwd 1;20/
1ouf 2;5)/ if;rSm ol\ opm&SdrIudk *sL;yHkpHjzifh tcdkfiftrmajymqdkjcif; jzpfonf/

NASB
]]tb,frQavmufrjywfrvyf}}
NKJV, NRSV ]]rjywfrvyf}}
NJB
]]tqufrjywfazmfjyum}}
NIV
]]rnfrQ wpdkufrwfrwfjzifh}}
aygvk\ wpdkufrwfrwfESifh tvsifvdkaom qkawmif;rIrsm;onf (1ouf 1;2? 2;13/ 2wd
1;3) toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrsm; ZJGaumif;pGm vdkuf&rnfh yHkoufaowpfck jzpf&ygrnf (1ouf
5;17)/ qkawmif;jcif;onf wefcdk;BuD;aom 0dnmOfwHcg;rsm; zGifhonf/ uRefawmfwdkY
rawmif;aomaMumifh r&jcif;jzpfonf (,mukyf 4;2)/
]]pdwf0dnmOfESifhtm;jzifh}} if;onf *&dpum; (pneuma) tm;vlY0dnmOftjzpf toHk;jyKjcif;\
Oyrmaumif; wpfckjzpfonf/ (8;5? 10? 16/ 12;11)/ if;rSm vl\toufudk (xGufouf a[NAJ
ruach, BDB 924 u 6;17/ 7;15?22) ajymjcif;jzpfonf/

61

txl;taMumif;t&m/ "ropfusrf;xJu 0dnmOf (PNEUMA) pum;vHk;

*&da0g[m& ]0dnmOf} udk "ropfusrf; t"dyg,ftawmfrsm;rsm; twGufoHk;onf/
trsdK;tpm;tcsdKUtwGuf Oyrmrsm; wGif azmfjyonf/
u/ oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;ESifh qkdif
1/ crnf;awmfbk&m;ESifhqdkif (a,m 4;24)
2/ om;awmfbk&m;ESifhqdkif (a&m 8;9-10/ 2 aum 3;17/ *v 4;6/ 1 ay? 1;11)
3/ oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfESifhqdkif (rm? 1;11/ r 3;16/ 10;20/ a,m 3;5?6?8/
7;39/ 14;17/ w 2;4/ 5;9/ 8;29? 35/ a&mr 1;4/ 8;11?16/ 1 aum
2;4?10?11? 13?14/ 12;7)
c/ vlYtouf\ cGeftm;
1/ a,IESifhqdkif (rm 8;12/ a,m 11;33? 38/ 13;21)
2/ vlom;ESifhqdkif (r? 22;43/ w? 7;59/ 17;16/ 20;22/ a&m 1;9/ 8;16/ 1
aum 2;11/ 5;3-5/ 7;34/ 15;45/ 16;18/ 2 aum 2;13/ 7;13/ zd 4;23/
aum 2;5)/
*/ 0dnmOfavmuESifhqdkif
1/ 0dnmOfow0grsm;
(u) aumif;aom (aumif;uifwrefrsm;? w 23;8-9/ a[NAJ 1;14)
(c) qdk;aom (0dnmOfqdk;rsm;^ewfqdk;rsm;? r 8;16/ 10;1/ 12;43? 45/ w?
5;16/ 8;7/ 16;16/ 19;12-21/ { 6;12)/
(*) waprsm; (vkum 24;37)
2/ 0dnmOfa&;&m todtjrif (r 5;3/ 26;41/ a,m 3;6/ 4;23/ w 18;25/ a&m
2;29/ 7;6/ 8;4?10/ 12;11/ 1 aum 14;37/
3/ 0dnmOft&mrsm; (a,m 6;63/ a&m 2;29/ 8;2?5?9?15/ 15;27/ 1 aum 9;11/
14;12)
4/ 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm; (1 aum 12;1/ 14;1)
5/ 0dnmOfrIwfoGif;jcif; (r? 22;43/ vk 2;27/ { 1;17)
6/ 0dnmOfcEm (1 aum? 15;44-45)
C/ xif&Sm;apaomt&mrsm;rSm
1/ avmupdwfaeoabmxm; (a&m 8;15/ 11;8/ 1 aum 2;12)
2/ vlom;\ pOf;pm;jcif;tvkyf (w? 6;10/ a&m 8;6/ 1 aum 4;2)
i/ kyfavmu
1/ av (r 7;25?27/ a,m 3;8/ w 2;2)
2/ xGufouf (w 17;25/ 2 ouf 2;8)
a0g[m&udk if;\ ay:vm&mpmydk'f&Sd taMumif;t&mtm;jzifh teufjyef&rnfrSm
aocsmonf/ nTef;qdkEdkifaom t"dyg,f t&dyft>ruftcsdKU&Sdonf/ (1) kyfavmu (2)
rjzpfEkdifaom avmu (3) kyfurm (0g) 0dnmOfavmu\ yk*dKvfrsm;/
62

oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf oefY&Sif; tBuD;jrifhqHk; vkyfaqmifol? oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\

0dnmOftydkif; jzpfonf/ aumif;aom? oefY&Sif;aom? rSef ppfrSefaom t&mtm;vHk;onf
olESifhqdkifonf/ ol\ &Sdaejcif;? ol\ qkvufaqmifESifh trIawmfaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;onf
{0Ha*vdw&m; jyefYyGm;rIESifh bk&m;ocif\ EkdifiHawmf atmifjrifa&;twGuf tjrwfqHk;aom
t&mjzpfonf/ (a,m 14 ESifh 16)/ olonf rdrdxHtmHkrqGJaqmifbJ? c&pfawmfxHodkYom
tmHkqGJaqmifaponf/
(a,m
16;13-14)/
olonf
tjypfudk
azmfjyonf/
oabmaygufem;vnfaponf/
ydk;yef;onf^aoG;aqmifonf/
AwdZHay;onf/
,HkMunfoltm;vHk;wdkYudk &ifhusufaponf (a,m 16;8-11)
1;10 ]tpOfrjywfqkawmif;yXemjyKonf/} aygvkonf toif;awmftm; wnfaxmifjcif;
r[kwfaomfvnf;
,laqmifaom
toif;awmfrsm;tm;vHk;enf;wl
wpdkufrwfrwf
qkawmif;ay;onf (2 aum? 11;28)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif;/ 9;3
Munfhyg/ odkYaomf a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmf aygvk\ rdwfaqGtrsm;tjym;&SdaMumif; tcef;BuD; 16
&Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyonf/
]]tcGifhwpHkwck&SdEdkifOD;rvm;[k qdkum (&SdygrnftaMumif;)}}/ xdkodkY trSefjzpfvmrnf[k
pma&;olrSwf,lxm;jcif; jzpfEdkifonf/ odkYr[kwf pmygtwdkif;vnf; jzpfEkdifaom cRif;csufyg
0gusrsdK; jzpfonf/ aygvkonf pydefjynfoGm;&if; a&mrNrdKUodkY c&D;oGm;[efvTJvnfywf&ef
pDpOfonf/ (15;22-24)/ MumMumae&ef pDpOfyHkr&acs/ aygvkonf tjcm;olrsm; rvkyfrudkifcJh&m
e,fajra'oopfrsm; vkyfaqmifvdkavh&Sdonf/ (15;20/ 2 aum? 10;15?16)/ a&mrMo0g'pm
a&;jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufwpfckrSm pydefjynfomoemjyKc&D;twGuf &HyHkaiGawmif;&efvnf;
jzpfEkdifonf (15;24)/
]]bk&m;ocif
tvdkawmftm;jzifh
tqifoifh
oifwdkY&Sd&modkY
igvm&aom
tcGifhwpHkw&m&SdygrnftaMumif;/}} if;onf ti,f 13 ESifh 15;32 wdkYESifh wlonf/ aygvkonf
rdrdb0ESifhc&D;pOf pDrHcsufrsm;udk olydkifqdkifonfr[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocifuom ydkifonf[k cH,lonf
(w? 18;21/ 1 aum 4;19/ 16;7)/ 12;2 \ txl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg/
bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfudk ,HkMunfol\ qkawmif;rIrsm;u tusdK; oufa&mufapEkdif
aMumif;vnf; rSwfom;yg/
1;11 ]]oifwdkYudk tvGefawGUjrifcsifyg\/}} if;onf 15;23 ESifh wlonf/ aygvkonf a&mrNrdKU&Sd
,HkMunfolrsm;udk umvMumjrifhpGmuyif awGUjrifvdkonf/ (w? 19;21)/
]]0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;wpHkwckudk tyfay;jcif;iSg}}

63

]0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;}
qdkonfh pum;pktm; 0dnmOa&;&m todtjrif (0g) 0dnmOfa&;
aumif;csD;[laom tjrifjzifh toHk;jyKjcif; jzpfonf/ (11;29/ 15;27)/ aygvkonf rdrdtm;
wyg;trsdK;om; (tpa&;r[kwfaom tjcm;vlrsdK;rsm;) twGuf wrefawmftjzpf xl;jcm;pGm
ac:zdwfcH&oltjzpf rddrdudk,frdrd odjrifonf (i,f? 15)/
]]oifwdkYonf jrJjrHcdkifcHhrnftaMumif;}} if;onf histmi \ Aorist Passive Infinitive
ac: tjyKcHBud,m wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ t"dyg,foHk;rsdK;&dSEdkifonf/
1/ NrJjrH - a&m? 1;11/ 16;25/ 1 ouf 3;13/ 2 ay 1;12
2/ cGeftm;ay; - vk? 22;32/ 1 ouf 3;2/ 2 ouf? 2;17/ 3;3/ ,mukyf 5;8/ Asm 3;2/
3/ cdkifrmaom qHk;jzwfcsuftwGuf ta&SUtv,fydkif; bmompum;? vkum 9;51/
5;2 \ txl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg/
1;12
if;rSm
c&pf,mefrdwf[m,\
&nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf/
qkaus;Zl;rsm;onf
tvkyfvkyfaom todkif;t0dkif; wpfcktjzpf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; aygif;pnf;&ef jzpfonf/
c&pf,mefwdkYudk qkaus;Zl;rsm; ay;onfrSm tm;vHk;\ aumif;usdK;twGuf jzpfonf (1 aum
12;7)/ qkaus;Zl;rsm;tm;vHk; qDavsmfoifhawmf Muonfcsnf;jzpf\/ qkaus;Zl;tm;vHk;udk
u,fwifjcif;&csdef oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfu ay;onf (1 aum 12;11)/ ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;
ac:zdwfcHolrsm;? qkaus;Zl;&&Sdolrsm;ESifh tcsdefjynfh trIaqmifrsm;jzpfonf ({? 4;11-12)/ rdrd
wrefawmftjzpf tcGifhtmPm&SdaMumif; rdrdod&Sdxm;rIudk aygvk&Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyaomfvnf;
todkif;t0dkif;twGif; tjyeftvSefoabmjzpfjcif;udkvnf; azmfjyonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf
tcsif;csif; wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf vdktyfMuonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmf\
udk,fcEmcsif;rsm; jzpfMuonf/
1;13 ]]oifwkdYrodbJ aejcif;iSg? igtvkdr&Sd/}} if;onfta&;BuD;aom taMumif;t&mrsm; rajymrD
aygvk okH;aeuspum;jzpfonf (11;25/ 1 aum? 10;1/ 12;1/ 2 aum? 1;8/ 1 ouf? 4;13)
]],ckwkdifatmif[efYwm;jcif;cH&onf/}} if;rSm tjyKcHBud,mwpfrsdK; jzpfonf/ pum;pkrsdK;udk
1 ouf? 2;18 vnf; awGY&NyD;? [efYwm;olrSm pmwefjzpfonf/ rdrd\ toufwmudk bk&m;ocif
vrf;jyNyD;? pmwefu zsufqD;onf[k aygvk ,kHMunfonf/ ESpfrsdK;pvkH;rSefoifhoavmuf
rSefygonf/ (a,mb? 1-2/ 'H? 10)/ 15;22 a0g[m&tokH;jyK&m wm;qD;rIrSm
ajrxJyifv,fta&SUzufa'o twGif;rNyD;jywfao;aom (ydwfqkdYcH&onf) aygvk\ omoemjyK
vkyfief;ukd qkdvkdonf/
]]oifwkdYwGifvnf; tusdK;wpkHwpfck&jcif;iSg}} ae&m&Sd ]]tusdK;}} qkdonfrSm "fruit"-toD;
jzpfNyD; ,kHMunfajymif;vJol topfrsm;ukd qkdvkdjcif; jzpfEkdifaomfvnf;? a,m? 15;1-8 ESifh *vm
5;22 wkdYrl c&pf,mef&ifhusufrIudk nTef;qkdonf/ rJ 7 ]]olwkdY\ toD;tm;jzihf olwdkYudk
od&vdrfhrnf}} [k qdkaomfvnf; rnfodkYaom toD;jzpfaMumif; razmfjyacs/ (jrefrmusrf;pmrl
64

]]tusifh}} [k yg&Sdonf) if;ESifhtaumif;qkH;usrf;NydKifwpfckrSm zd? 1;22 jzpfNyD; aygvku

uJhokdYaom pkdufysdK;a&;qkdif&m wifpm;rIpum;vkH; okH;ygonf/
1;14 ]]ta<u;onf igwifvsuf&Sd\}} a0g[m&ukd a&mrMo0g'pmxJ aygvktawmfrsm;rsm;
okH;onf/
1/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;vkH; (ae&mwGif) {0Ha*vdw&m;a[m&ef aygvk
wm0eff&Sdonf/
2/ aoG;om; Zmwdtay: aygvk wm0efr&Sd^ta<u;rwif (8;12)
3/ wyg;trsdK;om;toif;awmfonf a,k&SvifNrdKU&Sd rdciftoif;awmftm; yHhykd;&ef wm0ef&Sd
(15;27)
]]wyg;trsdK;om; - (*sL;r[kwfolrsm;)}} zGHYNzdK;wkd;wufaom? ,Ofaus;rI xGef;um;onfh
ajrxJyifv,f
w0kdufa'ovlrsm;ukd
nTef;onf/
r[mtvufZ`Em;
bk&ifBuD;ESifh
olYaemufvkdufrsm;onf xkdpOfu od&onfh urmtm; *&d,Ofaus;rI oGwfoGif;cJhMuonf/
(Helenized) a&mrvlrsdK;wkdY odrf;ykdufNyD;aemuf *&d,Ofaus;rIukd cH,lMuonf/
]]r,Ofaus;aomolrsm;}}
a0g[m&
(Barbarians-onomatopoeia)
onf
ynmrwwfaom? r,Ofaus;aom vlrsdK;tkyfpkrsm;? txl;ojzifh ajrmufykdif;a'o vlrsdK;rsm;ukd
qkdvdkonf/ olwkdYpum;ajymoHonf *&dvlrsdK;rsm;ESifh a&mrvlrsdK;rsm;twGuf ]]bm;? bm;? bm;}} ESifh
wlonf/
]]ynm&Sdolrsm;ESifh ynmrJhol}} rl&if; *&d if;onf
qifwljzpfEkdifaomfvnf;? xkdokdYr[kwfacs/ tkyfpktm;vkH;ESifh
&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/

"barbarian" ESihf
vlwpfOD;csif;tm;vkH;tm;

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) usrf;/ / 1;16-17

16
{0Ha*vdw&m;onf
,kHMunfaomolwkdif;
yxrOD;pGm
*sL;rsm;ESifh
wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm; u,fwifjcif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ wefckd;awmfjzpfojzifh igonf
if;aMumifh &SufaMumufjcif; r&Sdacs/ 17 tb,faMumifhqdkaom ]]ajzmifhrwfaom olonf
,kHMunfjcif;jzifh
touf&Sifvdrfhrnf}}
[k
usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnd
bk&m;ocif\
ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;onf if;w&m; ,kHMunfjcif;rS ,kHMunfjcif;twGuf zGifhjyvsuf&Sdonf/

1;16-17/ ti,f 16-17onf Mo0g'pmwpftkyfvkH;&JU OD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/ OD;wnfcsufukd

3;21-31 tus,fcsJYum tusOf;csKyfonf/
65

1;16
NASB, NRSV ]]igonf {0Ha*vdww&m;aMumifh r&Sufacs/}}
NKJV
]]igonf c&pfawmf\ {0Ha*vdw&m;aMumifh r&Sufacs/}}
TEV
]]igonf {0Ha*vdw&m; ,kHMunfpdwfcsrI tjynfht0&Sdonf/}}
NJB
]]igonf owif;aumif;aMumifh r&Sufacs/}}
aygvkonf rm? 8;38 ESifh vk? 9;26 wdkYyg a,Iajympum;rsm;tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpf
Ekdifonf/ olonf {0Ha*vdw&m;ygaom t&mrsm; (0g) if;aMumifh jzpfvmaom
nOf;qJESdyfpufrIrsm;aMumifh r&Sufacs/ (2wd? 1;12?16?18)/
{0Ha*vdw&m;onf qif;&J'kucH? ar&Sd,udk twnfjyKojzihf *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;onf
if;w&m;tm; &SufaMumufMuum? *&dvlrsdK;rsm;url {0Ha*vdw&m;onf cEmudk,fjyef&Sif
xajrmufjcif;tm; twnfjyKojzifh xdkw&m;tm; &SufaMumufMuonf (1 aum? 1;23)/
]]u,fwifjcif;w&m;}} "ra[mif;usrf; a[NAJa0g[m& (yasho) onf rlvtm;jzifh
kyfydkif;qdkif&m u,fvGwfrIudk &nfnTef; (,mukyf? 5;15) aomfvnf; "ropfusrf;rl *&da0g[m&
(sz) onf rlvtm;jzifh 0dnmOfydkif;qdkif&m u,fvTwfrIudk nTef;qdkonf (1 aum? 1;18? 21)/
Robert B. Girdlestone \ Synonymns of the Old Testament- "ra[mif;usr;f \
t"dyg,fwl a0g[m&rsm;? pm? 124-126 Munfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / u,fwifjcif; ("ra[mif;a0g[m&)
a0g[m& (BDB, 447) t"dyg,fyGm;trsdK;rsdK;&Sdonf/
1/ om,majzmifhjzL;jcif;? atmifjrifBuD;yGm;jcif; - a,mb? 30;15
2/ cEmESifh0dnmOf oabmESpfrsdK;pvHk;ygaom bk&m;ocif\ u,fwifjcif;
u/ u? 49;18
c/ w&m;? 32;15
*/ qm? 3;2?8/ 22;1/ 35;3/ 62;2/ 69;29/ 70;5/ 78;22/ 80;3/ 89;26/ 91;16/
106;4/ 140;7/ a[&Sm 12;2/ 33;2/ 51;6?8/ 52;7?10/ 56;1/ 59;11/ 60;18/ 62;1
3/ cEmESifh 0dnmOfqdkif&m u,fvGwfjcif;udk a,me 2;9-10 wGif &Sif;vif;pGm wifjyonf/
4/ ]0rf;ajrmufjcif;} onf YHWH \ u,fwifjcif;ESifh qufpyfavh&So
d nf/ 1 "r? 2;1/ a[&Sm?
25;9/ 26;1/ qm? 9;14/ 13;5/ 35;9/ rdrdzefqif;aom vlow0grsm;ESifh rdrd\
rdwf[m,jzpfjcif;ESifh
vlYtzGJUtpnf;qdkif&m
YHWH
rlv&nf&G,fcsuf
jzpfajrmufapa&;twGuf u,fwifjcif;w&m; yg0if&onf/ if; vlwpfOD;csif;ESifh
vlYtzJGUtpnf;\ jynfhpHkjcif; yg0ifonf/

66

NASB ]],HkMunfolwdkif;}}
NKJV ]],HkMunfolwdkif;twGuf}}
NRSV ]],HkMunfjcif; (faith) &Sdolwdkif;}}
TEV
]],HkMunfoltm;vHk;}}
NJB ]],HkMunfjcif; (faith) &Sdoltm;vHk;}}
{0Ha*vdw&m;onf vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ (vlwdkif;? b,folrqdk? tm;vHk;...
ponfh pum;vHk;rsm; cspfp&maumif;vdkufygbdjcif;/ 1;5 \ rSwfcsuf eHygwf 6 udk Munfhyg)/
odkYaomf vufcHjcif;&&Sd&ef vdktyfcsuf wpfckrSm ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ (w? 16;30-31)/
tjcm;vdktyfcsuf wpfckrSm tjypfudk aemifw&jcif; jzpfonf (rm? 1;15? w?3;15 ESifh 19/
20;21)/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;rsdK;EG,ftm; y#dnmOfw&m;jzifh qufqHonf/ (9;4 \
txl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg)/ olonf pwiftpysdK;um? tpDtpOfcsrSwfonf/ (a,m 6;44?
65)/ odkYaomf twkYHtvSnfh jyKrItajccHtcsdKU&Sdonf/ (1;5 qdkif&m rSwfcsuf? eHygwf 4 Munfhyg)/
ae&m bmomjyefonfh *&dpum; ,HkMunf (believe) udk t*Fvdyfpum; - faith or
trust
(tm;udk;onf?
tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKonf)
[kvnf;
bmomjyefqdkEdkifonf/
qufvufjzpfay:aejcif; oabmjyaom t"dyg,f&Sdonf/ u,fwifaom ,HkMunfjcif;onf
qufvufjzpfay:aeaom ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ (1 aum? 1;18/ 15;2; 2aum 2;15/ 1 ouf
4;14) (10;4 \ txl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg)/
rl&if;a[NAJESifhqufpyfaom a0g[m&\ *&da0g[m& faith \ t"dyg,frSm
vlwpfa,mufonf tvG,fwul ra&GUEkdif&ef ajcaxmufcGJvsuf? cdkifrmpGm &yfaeaom
taetxm;udk qdkvdkonf/ if;\ qefYusifbuf "ra[mif;usrf;\ wifpm;rIrSm
]ighajcaxmuftpHkonf awmxJ uRHaeonf} (qm? 40;2)/ ]igum;? ajcacsmfvkvsuf?
ajcvSrf;vGJvkeD;yg;&SdNyD} (qm? 73;2) [l jzpf\/ qufpyfonfh a[NAJpum;vHk; emun,
emunah, aman wdkYudk ,HkMunftm;udk;xdkufaom? opm&Sdaomol wpfa,mufa,mufESifh
qdkif oHk;aom wifpm;onfh pum;vHk;rsm; jzpfvmonf/ u,fwifjcif;,HkMunfrIrSm
tjypfxJusqif;aom vlom;onf opm&SdEkdifpGrf;&Sdonf[laom t"dyg,fr&SdbJ bk&m;ocif\
opm&SdrIudk qdkvdkfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;\ ajrmfvifhjcif;onf olwdkY\ wwfpGrf;EkdifrIay: rwnfrSDbJ
bk&m;ocif\ tusifhpm&dwESifh uwdpum;awGudkom trSDjyKonf/ if;rSm ol\
tm;udk;tm;xm;xdkufrI? opm&SdrI? ol\ uwdawmfrsm;jzpfonf/ (1;5 \ txl;taMumif;t&m
Munfhyg/
]]yxrOD;pGm *sL;rsm;ESifh}} if;\ taMumif;&if;udk 2;9-10 ESifh 3;1-20
tusOf;csKH;aqG;aEG;um tcef;BuD; 9-11 tjynfhtpHkwdk;csJU aqG;aEG;onf/ if;onf r? 10;6/
15;24/ rm? 7;27/ a,m? 4;22 wdkYyg a,I\ azmfjyajymqdkrIudk vdkufonf/
67

if;onf a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmftwGif; ,HkMunfol

trsdK;om;rsm; tMum; remvdkrIESifhvnf; qufpyfEdkifonf/

*sL;rsm;ESifh

,HkMunfol

wyg;

1;7 ]]bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;}} usrf;ydk'ft& pum;pkonf (1) bk&m;ocif\

tusifhpdkufESihf (2) xdkpdkufudk vlom;rsdK;EG,ftm;rnfodkY ay;aMumif; &nfnTef;onf/ bmomjyef
a,k&Svifusrf;pm (JB) odkY awGU&onf/ ]]if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ w&m;rQwrIu zGihfjyaom
t&mjzpfonf/}} if;onf ,HkMunfol\ udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m touf&Sifjcif; yHkpHudk
&nfnTef;&if;? rlvtm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfaomw&m;olBuD;jzpfawmfrlol\ a&SUawmfarSmuf
w&m;Oya't& ol\ &yfwnfrIudk &nfnTef;onf/ bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;tm;
usqif;aom? tjypfjyKaomvlom;twGuf rSwf,lay;jcif;onf jyefvnfjyKjyifjcif;acwf
(Reformation) rSp ]],HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&modkY a&mufjcif;}}
tjzpf xif&Sm;vmcJhonf (2 aum? 5;21/ zd? 3;9)/ usrf;ydk'fonf rmwifvlom\ b0ESifh
"rynmudk ajymif;vJoGm;aponf/
rnfodkYjzpfap ajzmifhrwf&m wnffapjcif;\ yef;wdkifrSm oefY&SIif;pifMu,fjcif;?
c&pfawmfESihfwljcif; (0g) bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif; vuPmtrSwftom;jzpfonf/ (a&m
8;28-29/ *v? 4;19/ {? 1;4/ 2;10/ 4;13/ 1ouf 3;13/ 4;3/ 1 ay?1;15)/
ajzmifhrwfjcif;onf w&m;Oya't& ausnmcsuf xkwfjyefkHoufoufr[kwfbJ? oefY&Sif;pGm
touf&Sif&ef ac:zdwfjcif;? vlom;xJ&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftm; tjyKoabmjzifh
jyefvnfazmfxkwfjcif; jzpfonf (2 aum? 5;21)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;
]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;}} [lonftjywftqkH;tjzwfay;aom taMumif;t&mjzpfNyD; ormusrf;pm
avhvmolwpfOD;taejzifh xkdt,ltqukd us,fjyefYpGm avhvm&efjzpfonf/
"ra[mif;usrf; bk&m;ocif\ trSwfvuPmukd ]]w&m;ol}} (0g) ]]ajzmifhrwfol}} tjzpf
a&;om;azmfjyonf/ (BDB 841) arqkdykdawrD;,m; (,ckacwf tD&wf) \ rl&if;a0g[m&rSm
aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief; tkwfwHwkdif;rsm;ESifh NcHpnf;kd;rsm;ajzmifhwef;jcif;&Sd r&SdqkH;jzwf&ef
okH;aom jrpfvufwuf wpfck\ trnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ rlvoabmom0tm;
wifpm;jyo&eftwGuf xkdpum;vkH;okH;&ef a&G;cs,fonf/ olonft&mcyfodrf;tm; wefzkd;jzwf&ef
tokH;jyKonfh (aywH) jzpfonf/ t,ltq bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifykdifcGifh
tmPmukdomru bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;;ukdyg tckdiftrm azmfjyonf/
vlukd bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfESifhtnD zefqif;onf/ (u? 1;26-27/ 5;1?3/ 9;6)/
vlom;ukd bk&m;ocifESifh rdwfjzpfaygif;azmf&ef zefqif;onf/ zefqif;orQ t&mtm;vkH;onf
vlom;\ tjyeftvef qufqHjcif;twGuf pifjrifh (okdY) aemufcHum;csyfjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrdzefqif;rI\ txGwftxdyfjzpfol vlom;tm; rdrdukd oduRrf;apvkdonf/
cspfapvkdonf/
68

tapcHapvkdonf/ rdrdESifhwlapvkdygonf/ vl\ opm&SdrIonf prf;oyfrIcHum (u? 3)

rlvZeD;armifESHwkdYonf prf;oyfrItm; IH;edrfhcJhMuonf/ if;onf bk&m;ocifESifhvlom;tMum;
qufpyfrI ysufpD;oGm;aponf/ (u? 3/ a&m? 5;12-21)/
xkdrdwfaqGjzpfrIukd jyifqifum e*kdaejyefjzpfap&ef bk&m;ocifuwdjyKonf/ (u? 3;15)/
olonf if;ukd rdrdESifh rdrdom;awmf\ qEtwkdif; jyKonf/ xkduGJtufrIukd jyefaumif;vmap&ef
vlom;rwwfEkdifcJhacs/ (a&mr 1;18-3;20)/
tjypfvkyfum usHI;NyD;aemuf? e*dkaejyefjzpfap&ef bk&m;ocif\ yxrajcvSrf;rSm
y#dnmOfw&m;jzpfNyD;? if;onf vlom;tm; tjypfudk aemifw&&ef? opm&Sd&ef? emcHrIjzihf wHkYjyef&ef
ac:zdwfrIay: tajcjyKonf/ tjypfjyKrIaMumifh vlom;onf oifhavsmfvHkavmufatmif
rjyKrlEdkifacs/ (a&m? 3;20-31/ *v? 3)/ y#dnmOftm;csdK;azgufol vlom;rsm;
e*dkaejyefjzpfap&efqdkvQif bk&m;ocifudk,fwdkif tpjyKajcvSrf; pwif&ef jzpfonf/ olonf
t&mudk vkyfyHkrSm 1/ c&pfawmfjyKaom tvkyftm;jzifh&aom ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;udk vlom;xH aMumfjimjcif;
(w&m;Oya'ESifh qdkifaom ajzmifhrwfjcif;)
2/

c&pfawmfjyKaom
tcrJhay;jcif;

tvkyftm;jzifh&aom

ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;tm;

vlom;udk

3/

ajzmifhrwfjcif;
w&m;tm;
vufawGUjzpfapol
0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yfrItm;
axmufyHhay;urf;jcif; (c&pfawmfESifh wljcif;? bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftm;
jyefvnf&,ljcif;)

odkYaomf bk&m;ocifonf y#dnmOfw&m;t& wHkYjyefrI awmif;qdkonf/ bk&m;ocifonf

Hk;awmftrdefYcsrSwfum (tcrJh) axmufyHhonf rSefaomfvnf; vlom;onf wHkYjyefrIjyKum?
atmufygtwdkif; qufvufwHkYjyefoGm; &ayrnf/
1/ tjypfaemifw&jcif;
2/ ,HkMunfjcif;
3/ emcHaomtouf&Sifjcif; yHkpH&Sdjcif;
4/ pGJjrJjcif;
xdkYaMumifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;[lonf y#dnmOfESifhqdkifaom bk&m;ocifESifh ol\tjrifhqHk;
zefqif;&m vlom;tMum; twkHUtvSnfh jyKrljcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ tusifhpdkuf? c&pfawmf
jyKaomtvkyfESifh 0dnmOfawmf\ wwfpGrf;aprIwdkYay: tajcjyKum vlwpfOD;csif;wdkYonf
qufvuf oifhavsmfvHkavmufpGm wkHYjyefMu&ayrnf/ t,ltqudk ],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
ajzmifhrwfjcif;}
[kac:onf/
oabmudk
c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;
zGifhjyaomfvnf;?

69

a0g[m&rsm;tm;jzifh rawGU&acs/ if;udk rlvtm;jzifh aygvku t"dyg,fowfrSwfum?

*&da0g[m& ]ajzmifhrwfjcif;} tm; yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;jzifh tBudrfaygif; 100 ausmf oHk;onf/
aygvkonf avhusifhxm;onfh *sL;&Adq&mBuD;wpfyg;yDyD *&da0g[m & dikaiosun udk
if;\ a[NAJvdk SDQ yHkpHjzifh toHk;jyKonf/ if;onf *&dbmomjyef"ra[mif;usrf;
(Septuagint- LXX) toHk;jyKyHkjzpfNyD;? *&dpmayyHkpH r[kwfacs/ *&dpmaya&;om;rI
xdka0g[m&tm; bk&m;ESifhvlYtzGJUtpnf;qdkif&m arQmfvifhjcif;rsm;ESifh udkufnDaomolESifh
qufpyfaom a0g[m&jzpfonf/ a[jAJoHk;EIef;yHkpHtjrifrl y#dnmOfjyKjcif;qdkif&m toHk;tEIef;rsm;
xnfhoGif;avh&Sdonf/ YHWH onf w&m;aom? udk,fusifhw&m;ESihfnDaom bk&m;jzpfonf/
olonf rdrd\ vlrsm;udk rdrd\ tusifhpkdkuftm; xif[yfapvdkonf/ a&G;EIwfjcif;cHvlom;onf
topfzefqif;aom ow0gjzpfvmonf/ topfjyKjyifjcif;onf bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom
touf&Sifjcif;yHkpHopf jzpfay:aponf/ (a&mrumodkvpf\ tjrifajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;)/
tpa&;onf
bmoma&;jzifh
tkyfcsKyfaom
pHepfusifhoHk;ojzifh
avmuDa&;&m
(vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif; ajzmifhrwfjcif;) ESifh avmukw&mta&; (bk&m;\ tvkdawmf) tm;&Sif;pGm
tao;pdwfazmfjyjcif; r&Sdacs/ uGJjym;xl;jcm;rIudk a[jAJESifh*&da0g[m&rms;tm;jzifh azmfjyxm;&m
t*Fvdyfvdk ]justice}- w&m;rQwrI (vlYtzGJUtpnf;qkdif&m) ESifh ]righteousness}
ajzmifhrwfjcif; (bmoma&;qdkif&m) rsm;tjzpf bmomjyef qdkonf/
a,I\ {0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;aumif;) [lonf usqif;aom vlom;tm;
bk&m;ocifESifh jyef rdwf[m,&Sdapjcif;yif jzpfonf/ if;tm; crnf;awmf\ cspfjcif;arwm?
*kPmawmfESifh aus;Zl;awmf? om;awmf\ touftaocHjcif;ESifh jyef&Sifxajrmufjcif;?
0dnmOfawmf\
ydk;yef;rIESifh
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;odkY
qGJaqmifjcif;rsm;tm;jzifh
aqmif&GufNyD;pD;aponf/ ajzmifhrwf&m wnfapjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ tcrJh (freevGwfvyfaom) vkyfaqmifrIwpfckjzpfaomfvnf; if;onf bk&m;w&m;ESifh udkufnDrI
jzpfxGef;ap&ygrnf/ (Mo*wfpwif;\ &yfwnfcsufjzpfonf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm;
txl;jyKonfh jyefvnfjyKjyifjcif; - Reformation ESifh ajymif;vJaom toufwm?
cspfjcif;arwmESifh
opm&Sdjcif;udk
txl;jyKonfh
a&mrumodkvpfESpfckpvHk;udk
xif[yfay:vGifaponf/) jyefvnfjyKjyifolrsm;twGuf xdka0g[m&onf ]bk&m;ocif\
ajzmifhrwfrI? tjypf&Sdol vlom;tm; bk&m;ocif vufoifhcHEkdifap&ef vkyfaqmifrIwnf;[lonfh
taetxm;qdkif&m oefY&Sif;pifMu,frIjzpfNyD; umodkvpfcH,lcsufrsm;twGufrSmrl xdka0g[m&onf
bk&m;ocifESifh
ydkydk
wlvmjcif;vkyfief;pOfwnf;[laom
tawGUtMuHKqdkif&m
wdk;wufjzpfay:aom oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif; jzpfonf/ trSefrSm ESpfrsdK;pvHk; jzpfonf)/
uREkfyf\ tjrifrl urmOD;usrf; 4 rSonf Asm'dwf 20 txd ormusrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;onf
{'ifO,smOfu rdwfo[m,udk bk&m;ocif jyeffvnfazmfaqmifjcif; rSwfwrf;jzpfygonf/
ormusrf;pmonf tpyxr bk&m;ocifESifh vlom;\ rdwfo[m,jzpfjcif;ESifhpwifum
70

(urmOD; 1-2)? xdktajctaersdK;ESifhyif tqHk;owfonf (Asm'dwf 21-22)/ bk&m;ocif\

o@mefawmfESifh &nf&G,fcsuftwdkif; jyefvnfjzpfay:vmvdrhfrnf/
txufygaqG;aEG;csufrsm;udk taxmuftxm;jyK&ef tqdkyg *&da0g[m&tkyfpkuGJrsm;tm;
&Sif;vif;onfh a&G;cs,fxm;aom atmufyg"ropfusrf;? usrf;ydk'frsm;udk rSwfxm;yg/
1/ bk&m;ocif ajzmifhrwfonf/ (bk&m;ociftm; w&m;olBuD;tjzpf azmfjyavh&Sdonf)
u/ a&mr 3;26
c/ 2 oufomavmed 1;5-6
*/ 2 wdarmao 4;8
C/ Asm'dwf 16;5
2/ a,Iajzmifhrwfawmfrlonf
u/ wrefawmf 3;14/ 7;52/ 22;14 (ar&Sd,\ bGJUemr)
c/ rJ 27;19
*/ 1 a,m? 2;1? 29/ 3;7/
3/ rdrd\ zefqif;jcif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfrSm ajzmifhrwfjcif;jzpfonf/
u/ 0wfjyK&m 19;2
c/ rJ 5;48 (5;17-20)
4/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;tm; bk&m;ocif axmufyHhjcif;ESifh jzpfyGm;apjcif;enf;vrf;rsm;
u/ a&mr 3;21-31
c/ a&mr 4
*/ a&mr 5;6-11
C/ *vmwd 3;6-14
i/ bk&m;ocifay;onfrSm
(1) a&mr 3;24/ 6;23
(2) 1aum&dEK 1;30
(3) {zuf 2;8-9
p/ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh vufcH&&SdonfrSm
(1) a&mr 1;17/ 3;22? 26/ 4;3?5?13/ 9;30/ 10;4?6?10/
(2) 2 aum&dEK 5;21
q/ om;awmf\ vkyfaqmifrItm;jzifh
(1) a&mr 5;21
(2) 2aum&dEK 5;21
(3) zdvdyd 2;6-11
5/ bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfrSm olYaemufvdkufolrsm; ajzmifhrwfMu&ef jzpfonf/
(u) rJ 5;3-48/ 7;24-27
(c) a&mr 2;13/ 5;1-5/ 6;1-23
(*) 1 wdarmao 6;11
(C) 2 wdarmao 2;22/ 3;16
71

(i) 1 a,m 3;7

(p) 1 ay 2;24
6/ bk&m;ocifonf urmtm; ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;jzifh w&m;pD&ifvdrfhrnf/
u/ wrefawmf 17;31
c/ 2 wdarmao 4;8
bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;onf tjypfjyKolvlom;tm; c&pfawmftm;jzifh tcrJhay;aom bk&m;
ocif\ trSwfvuPmwpfck jzpfonf/
1/ bk&m;ocif\ w&m;Hk;awmf pD&ifcsufwpfck
2/ bk&m;ocif\ vufaqmifwpfck
3/ c&pfawmf\ vkyfaqmifrI wpfck
odkYaomf if;onf tifwdkuftm;wdkufESifh pGJpGJNrJjrJ BudK;yrf;&rnfh ajzmifhrwfjcif;vkyfief;pOf
wpfckvnf;jzpfNyD; if;onf c&pfawmf 'kwd,tBudrfjyefvnf <uvmaomaeY tqHk;owf
vdrhfrnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifESifh rdwfo[m,jzpfjcif;udk u,fwifjcif;&csdef jyef&onf
rSefaomfvnf;? b0toufwm wavQmufvHk; qufvufjzpfay:um aoqHk;csdef odkYr[kwf
csDaqmifjcif; rsufESmcsif;qdkif zl;awGU&onftxd jzpfonf/
aqG;aEG;rItm; ed*Hk;csKyf&ef azmfjybdkY aumif;rGefaom tnTef;wpfck&Sdonf/ if;udk
]aygvkESifh ola&;aompmrsm; qdkif&m tbd"gef Dictionary of Paul & His Letters
jzpfonf/
uJvfAif (Calvin) onf bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh qufpyfjcif;qkdif&m jrifuGif;udk
vlom (Luther) xufydk txl;jyKonf/ bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;tay: vlom\ tjrifrSm
w&m;aovGwfvdkufjcif;
tjrifygaeonfESifh
wlonf/
uJvfAifurl
bk&m;ocif\
ajzmifhrwfrItm; uREkfyfwdkY tquftoG,fjyKjcif; (0g) oGif;ay;jcif;\ tHhMozG,f&m
oabmobm0udk txl;jyKonf (pm? 834)/
uREkfyftwGufrl ,HkMunfolonf bk&m;ocifESifh qufpyfrI rsufESmpmoHk;rsdK;&Sdonf/
1/ {0Ha*vdw&m;onf yk*dKvfwpfOD;jzpfonf (ta&SUydkif; toif;awmfESifh uJvfAif\ txl;jyKrI)
2/ {0Ha*vdw&m;onf ormw&m;jzpfonf (Mo*wfpwif;ESifh vlomwdkY\ txl;jyKrI)
3/ {0Ha*vdw&m;onf ajymif;vJaom toufwmjzpfonf (umodkvpf txl;jyKrI)
if;wdkYtm;vHk; rSefuefNyD; usef;rmMuHhcdkifaom? rSefuefNyD; ormusrf;enf;us c&pf,mef
jzpfa&;twGuf tm;vHk; pGJudkifxm;&ygrnf/ wpfa,mufa,mufu wpfrsdK;rsdK;tm; tvGeftuRH
txl;jyKrnf (0g) Iwfcsrnfqdkygu jyemjzpfoGm;ygonf/
a,Iudk MudKqdk&ygrnf/
{0Ha*vdw&m;udk ,HkMunf&ygrnf/
c&pfawmfESihfwlnDjcif;tm; rSDatmifvkduf&ygrnf/

72

NASB, NKJV ]],HkMunfjcif;rS ,HkMunfjcif;odkY}}

NRSV ]],HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh ,HkMunfjcif;twGuf}}
TEV ]]if;onf tprStqHk; ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh jzpf\}}
NJB ]],HkMunfjcif;onf ,HkMunfjcif;odkY rnfuJhodkY OD;aqmifoGm;aMumif; jyonf}}
pum;pk ek ESifh eis ac: 0dbwfESpfck&Sd&m tajymif;tvJ (0g) wdk;wufrIudk jyonf/
aygvkonf 0guswnfaqmufyHkrsdK;udk 2 aum 2;16 toHk;jyKNyD;? 2aum 3;18 oHk;aom
0dbwfrsm;rSm opoESifh apojzpfonf/ c&pf,mefjzpfjcif;onf tcrJh vufaqmifwpfrsdK;jzpfum?
if;onf xl;jcm;rIESifh touf&Sifjcif;yHkpH wpfckjzpfvm&ef arQmfvifhonf/
pum;pkudk
trsdK;rsdK;bmomjyefEkdifonf/
Wiliam\
"ropfbmomjyefusrf;
]ydkrdkBuD;rm;aom ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfvm&ef ,HkMunfjcif;u ay;aomOD;aqmifrI}} [l jzpfonf/
"rynmqdkif&m t"dutcsufrsm;rSm
1/ ,HkMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocifxHrS vmonf (zGifhjyonf)
2/ vlom;onf wHkYjyef&rnfjzpfNyD;? qufvufwkYHjyefoGm;onf/
3/ ,HkMunfjcif;onf bk&m;w&m;udkif;dIif;aom toufwmjzpfay:ap&ygrnf/
aocsmonfrSm c&pfawmftm; ],HkMunfjcif;} onf tNyD;tjywf qHk;jzwfcsufay;aom
t&mjzpfonf/ (5;1/ zd? 3;9) bk&m;ocifay;onfh u,fwifjcif;rSm ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
wkYHjyefrItay: tajccHonf (rm 1;15/ a,m 1;12/ 3;16/ w? 3;16 ESihf 19/ 20;21)/ 1;5/
4;5 ESifh 10;4 wdkY\ txl;taMumif;t&m wdkY Munfhyg/
NASB ]]odkYaomf ajzmifhrwfaomvlonf ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh touf&Sifvdrhfrnf}}
NKJV ]]rSefuefaom (just) olonf ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh touf&Sifvdrhfrnf}}
NRSV ]]ajzmifhrwfaomolonf ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh touf&Sifvdrfhrnf}}
TEV ]]bk&m;ocifESifh rSefuefaom olonf ,kHMunfjcif;rSwqifh touf&Sifvdrhfrnf}}
NJB ]]ajzmifhrSefaomvlonf ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh toufudk awGUonf}}
if;onf [A?2;4 rS jzpfaomfvnf; t"du *&drl&if;usrf;jzpfonfh Masoretic Text
(MT) ESifh *&dbmom\ "ra[mif;usrf; Septuagint (LXX)) wdkY xdkodkfYr[kwfacs/
"ra[mif;usrf; ],HkMunfjcif;- faith wGif trustworthiness (,HkMunftm;xm;xdkufrI)
faithfulness or loyalty -(opm&Sdjcif;) pum;vHk;wdkYtm;wifpm; (metaphorical)
onfht"dyg,f&Sdonf/ (1;5 \ txl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg)/ u,fwifjcif;ay;aom
73

,HkMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ opm&SdrIay: tajcjyKonf/ (3;5?21?22?25?26) vlonf

bk&m;ocif\ axmufyHhrIudk tm;udk;tm;xm; jyKjcif;onf vl\ opm&SdrIudk ay:vGifaponf/
"ra[mif;usrf;csufudkyif *v? 3;11 ESifh a[NAJ? 10;38 wdkY azmfjyonf/ tqufusrf;ydk'f
a&mr 1;18-3;20 onfbk&m;ocif\ opm&SdrIESifh qefYusifbuf&Sd azmfjyonf/
pum;pk\ aemufqHk;tydkif;tm; acwfopfteufzGifhusrf; jyKpkolrsm; rnfuJhodkY em;vnf
aMumif; azmfjyygu taxmuftuljzpfapygonf/
1. Vaughan ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh tpjyK ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh tqHk;owfonf/

2. Hodge ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhom
3. Barrett tjcm;r[kwfbJ ,HkMunfjcif;tajccHtm;jzifhom
4. Knox ,HkMunfjcif;onf yxrESifhaemufqHk;
5. Stagg ajzmifhrSefolonf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh (out of faith) touf&Sifvdrfhrnf/
NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)usrf;/ /1;18-23
18
bk&m;w&m;rJhjcif;ESifhormw&m;tm; rw&m;rIjzifh zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fol? rw&m;aomvlrsm;\
wzuf bk&m;ocif\ trsufawmfonf aumif;uifay:rS zGifhjyvsuf&Sd\/ tb,faMumifh
qdkaomf bk&m;ociftaMumif;od&aom t&mrsm;udk bk&m;ocifonf olwdkY xif&Sm;apojzifh
if;onf olwkdYtxJ xif&Sm;vsuf&Sd\/ 20taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocif\ rsufjrifr&aom
*kPftFgrsm;? ol\xm0&wefcdk;awmfESifh bk&m;yuwdonf zefqif;awmfrlaomt&mrsm;tm;jzifh
em;vnfum? urmtm; zefqif;onfh tcsdefrSp &Sif;vif;pGm odjrif&\/ xdkYaMumifholwdkY
qifajcwufEdkifp&m taMumif;r&Sdacs/ 21taMumif;rlum; olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifudk
odonfrSefaomfvnf; bk&m;ociftjzpf jzifh olYudk *kPfjyKjcif;? aus;Zl;wifjcif;r&SdMubJ? rdrdwdkY\
rSef;qrIrsm;tm;jzifh tcsnf;ESD;jzpfoGm;Mu um? rdkufrJaomolwdkY\ pdwfESvHk;rsm;onf
22
ynm&Sdjzpfygonf
[kqdkMufaomfvnf;?
tl;rsm;jzpfoGm;Muum
arSmifrdkufvsuf&Sd\/
23
rysufpD;Edkifaom bk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmfudk ysufpD;wwfaomvlESifh aus;iSufrsm;?
ajcav;acsmif; ow0grsm;ESifh wGm;oGm;aom ow0grsm;\ kyfwkqif;wkrsm;ESifh vJvS,f
vdkufMu\/
1;18 ]]taMumif;rlum;}} t"duOD;wnfcsuftm; azmfjyonfh 16-17 gar pum;vHk;
b,fESpfcgoHk;aMumif;oHk;BudrfjzpfaMumif;
odxm;yg/
if;onf,ck{0Ha*vdw&m;\
yxrtcsufudk aygvkp wifjyjcif; jzpfonf (1;18-3;31)/ if;onf u,fwifjcif;ay;onfh
bk&m;ocif\ wefcdk;awmfESifhum; (1;16-17) qefYusifbufjzpfonf/
]]bk&m;ocif\ trsufawmf}} ti,f 18-23 onf aygvkacwfomoemyavmutaMumif;
azmfjyonf/ omoemavmutaMumif; aygvk\azmfjyjcif; yHkpHudk *sL;pmayrsm;vnf;
74

awGY&onf/ (Wisdom of Solomon 13:1ESifh Letter of Aristeas, 134-38) ESifh

*&dESifha&mrvlrsdK;rsm; igudk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m pmayrsm;ygawGY&onf/ bk&m;ocif\
arwmawmftaMumif;ajymaom orusrf;pm uyif bk&m;ocif\ rsufawmftaMumif;udkvnf;
ajymjyonf/ (23-32/ 2;5-8/ 3;5/ 4;15/ 5;9/ 9;2/ 12;19/ 13;4-5)/
trsufxGufjcif;ESifh cspfjcif;wnf;[lonfh vlYa0g[m&ESpfrsdK;pvHk;udkyif bk&m;ocif
oHk;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; rdrdudk wHkYjyefrIay;um? touf&Sif apvdkjcif;yHkpH
wpfrsdK;&SdaMumif; xdka0g[m&rsm;uazmfjyonf/ bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmf (c&pfawmf\
{0Ha*vdw&m;) tm;vl wpfa,mufu jiif;qefonfhtcg jzpfay:vmaom tusdK;qufrSm
tcef;i,fjyonfhwdkif; ,m,DtusdK;quf &SdouJhodkY c&pfawmf <umvmonfh tcsdef
awGU&rnfh tusdK;qufvnf;&Sdao;onf (2;5)/ odkYaomfbk&m;ocifudk tmCwBuD;NyD;
vufpm;acsvdkpdwf wpfuJuJESifhjzpfaeoltm;jzifh Ijrif&efum;r[kwfacs/ w&m;pD&ifjcif;onf
ol\ ]]xl;qef;aomtvkyf}} jzpfonf (a[&Sm? 28;21)/ cspfjcif;arwmonf ol\
trSwftom;jzpfonf/ w&m;a[m&musrf; 5;9-5;10? 7;9wdkYESifh EIdif;,SOfyg/ olY w&m;rQwrIESifh
aus;Zl;ukPm ydkomvGef ydkuJonf/ odkaY omf vlwdkif; (a' 12;13-14/ *v? 6;7)
c&pf,mefrsm;ygrusef bk&m;ociftm; owif;ydkYMu&rnfjzpfonf/ (14;10-12/ 2 aum? 5;10)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/

/bk&m;ociftm;

vlom;uJhodkY

a&;om;

azmfjyjcif;

(Anthropomorphic language)

1/ yHkpHpum;vHk;toHk;tEIef;onf "ra[mif;usrf tvGeftoHk;rsm;onf/ (OyrmtcsdKUrSm)

u/ cEmudk,ftpdwftydkif;rsm;
1/ rsufpd- u? 1;4;31? 6;8? xGuf? 33;17? awm? 14;14? w&m;? 11;12? Zm? 4;10/
2/ vuf - xGuf? 15;17? awm? 11;23? w&m;? 2;15/
3/ vufarmif; - xGuf? 6;6? 15;16? awm? 11;23? w&m;? 4;34? 5;15/
4/ em;&Guf - awm? 11;18? 1 "r? 8;21? 4"r? 19;16?
5/ rsufESm - xGuf? 32;30? 33;11? awm? 6;25? w&m;? 34;10? qm? 114;7/
6/ vufacsmif;rsm; - xGuf? 8;19? 31;18? w&m;? 9;10? qm? 8;3/
7/ toH - u? 3;8? 10? xGuf? 15;26? 19;19? w&m;? 26;17? 27;10/ss
8/ ajcaxmuf - xGuf? 24;10? a,Z? 43;7/
9/ vlom;o@mef - xGuf? 24;9-11? qm? 47? a[&Sm? 6;1? a,Z? 1;26/
10/ xm0&bk&m;\ aumif;uifwref - u? 16;7-13? 22;11-15? 31;11-13? 48;1516? xGuf? 3;4? 13-21? 14;19? olBuD;? 2;1? 6;22-23? 13;3-22/
c/ cEmudk,fjyKrlvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;
1/ zefqif;jcif;puf,Em&m;tjzpfpum;ajymjcif; - u? 1;3?6?9?11?14?20?24?26/
2/ {'ifO,smOf vrf;avQmufjcif; (toH) - u? 3;8? 18;33? [A? 3;15?
3/ aem{\oabFmwHcg;ydwfjcif; - u? 7;16
75

4/ rD;dIUaom,Zfaumifrsm;teHUudkljcif; - u? 8;21? 0wf? 26;31? tm? 5;21/

5/ qif;vmjcif; - u? 11;5? 18;21? xGuf? 3;8? 19;11?18?20/
6/ arma&Sudk oN*dKvfjcif; - w&m;? 34;6
*/ vlom;\pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIrsm; (OyrmtcsdKU)
1/ aemifw& (pdwfem) - u? 6;6-7? xGuf? 32;14? olBuD;? 2;18? 1"r? 15;29? 35? tm?
7;3?6/
2/ pdwfqdk; - xGuf? 4;14? 15;7? awm? 11;10? 12;9? 22;22? 25;3-4? 32;10?13?14?
w&m;? 6;5? 7;4? 29;20/
3/ o0efwdk (tjypf&Sdonf[kxifvG,f) - xGuf? 20;5? 34;14? w&m;? 4;24? 5;9? 6;15?
32;16?21? a,mI? 24;19/
4/ &GH&Sm - 0wf? 20;23? 26;30? w&m;? 32;19/
C/ rdom;pka0g[m&rsm; (OyrmtcsdKU)
1/ zcif
(u) tpa&;rsm;ESifhqdkif - xGuf? 4;22? w&m;? 14;1? 39;5?
(c) &Sifbk&ifESifhqdkif 2"r? 7;11-16? qm? 2;7/
(*) zcifuJhodkYjyKrloltjzpf wifpm;rIrsm; - w&m;? 1;13? 8;5? 32;1? qm? 27;10? ok?
3;12? a,? 3;4?22? 31;20? a[m? 11;1-4? rmv? 11;1-4/
2/ rdbrsm; - a[m? 11;1-4
3/ rdcif -qm? 27;10 (EdkYxdef;onfuJhodkY)? a[&Sm? 49;15? 66;9-13/
4/ i,fcspfOD; - a[m? 1-3/
2/ yHkpHbmompum;oHk;&jcif;taMumif;&if;rsm;
u/
bk&m;ocifonf
rdrdudk,frdrdvlom;rsm;tm;
zGifhjy&ef
if;yHkpHvdktyfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf emrf 0dOfjzpfrjrif&ojzifh bk&m;ociftm; vlom; tjzpfa&;
om;azmfjyum? a,musfm; tjzpf,lqjcif;rSm tvGefysUHESYHonf/
c/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;b0\ t"dyg,ft&SdqHk;jrifuGif;rsm;udk,lum? qif;aom
vlom;tm; rdrdudk,frdrdazmfxkwfjyo&ef if;wdkYudktoHk;jyKonf/ (zcif? rdcif? rdb?
cspfol)
*/ kyfcEmyHkpHwpfrsdK;rsdK;jzifh rdrdudk,frdrduefYowfxkwfjy&ef vdktyfrI&Sdaomfvnf; xdkodkYjyK&ef
qEr&Sd acs/ (xGuf? 20? w&m;? 5)/
C/ bk&m;ociftm; vlom;uJhodkY a&;om;azmfjyjcif;\ txG#ftxdyfrSm a,Itjzpf
vl0ifpm;jcif;jzpf onfh bk&m;ocifonf kyfcEm? wdkYxd&aom oljzpfvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
(1a,m? 1;1-3)/ bk&m;cif\ owif;pum;onf bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmf
jzpfvmonf (a,m? 1;1-18)/

76

]]zGifhjyvsuf&Sdonf}} {0Ha*vdw&m;onf zGifhjyxm;aom ormw&m;wpf&yf (i,f 17)

jzpfonfenf;wl bk&m;ocif\ trsufawmfrSmvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ b,f[murS
vlom;rsm; &SmazGawGY&Sdr[kwf ovkd? ,kwdaA'oabmomomvnf;r[kwfacs/
]]ormw&m;tm;zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fol}} if;rSm vlom;\ rod&Sd? em;rvnfrIudk rqdkvdkbJ? vlom;\
acgif;rmrmjzifhjiif;qefrIudk &nfnTef;onf/ (21;32? a,m? 3;17-21)/ pum;pk\
jzpfEdkifacs&Sdaomt"dyg,frSm
1/ olwdkYonf ormw&m;udk od&aomfvnf;jiif;qefMuonf/
2/ ormw&m;udk olwdkYjiif;qefaMumif;tm;? olwdkY\ touf&Sifjcif; yHkpHujyoaeonf/
3/ olwdkY\toufwmrsm;ESifh^pum;rsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;tm; ormw&m;udkrod&ef?
vufrcH&eftaMumif;jzpfaponf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / aygvka&;aompmrsm;xJazmfjyonfh ]]ormw&m;}}
a0g[m&tm; aygvkoHk;EIef;jcif;ESifh if;ESifhqufpyfonfh toHk;tEIef;rsm;onf
"ra[mif; usrf;ESifh t"dyg,fnDrQaom emet rSvmjcif;jzpfNyD; ,HkMunftm;xm;xdkufonfU (0g)
opm&Sdonf[k t"dyg,f&Sdonf/ (BDB 53)/ *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;\ ormusrf;pmqkdif&m
ta&;tom;rsm;if;udk trSm;ESifhqefYusifbuf jzpfaom ormw&m;ESifhqdkif oHk;onf/
if;ESifhteD;pyfqHk;tvm;wl toHk;tEIef;rSm the Dead Sea Scrolls ac:yifv,faoa'orS
aemufqHk;awGY&Sdaom om;a&usrf; tvdyfrsm; yg0ifonfH ]]aus;Zl;awmf
csD;rGrf;&m
"ra[mif;rsm;}} jzpfNyD;? if; zGifhjycJhNyD;aom Mo0g'rsm;ESifhqdkifaom toHk;tEIef;rsm;jzifh
a&;om;onf/ xdkvlUtzGJUtpnf;\ tzGJU0ifrsm;onf ]]ormw&m;\ oufaorsm;}} jzpfvmonf/
aygvkonf xdka0g[m&tm; a,Ic&pfawmf\ {0Ha*vdw&m;&Sd &nfnTef;&eftoHk;jyKrnf/
1/ a&m? 1;18?25? 2;8? 20;? 3;7? 15;8/
2/ 1aum? 13;6/
3/ 2aum? 4;2? 6;7? 11;10? 13;8/
4/ *v? 2;5?14? 5;7/
5/ {zuf? 1;13? 6;14/
6/ aumavmoJ? 1;5-6/
7/ 2oufoavmed? 2;10?12?13/
8/ 2wdarmao? 2;4? 3;15? 4;3? 6;5/
9/ 2wdarmao? 2;15?18?25/ 3;7?8/ 4;4/
10/ wdwk 1;1?14/
aygvkonf a0g[m&tm; rdrdrSefuefpGmajymqdkaMumif;jy&efvnf; oHk;onf/
u / wrefawmf 26;25
c / a&mr 9;1
*/ 2aum&dEK 7;14? 12;6/
C / {zuf? 4;25
77

i/ zdvdyd? 1;18
p/ 2wdarmao? 2;7/
olonf rdrd&nf&G,fcsuftm; &Sif;vif;&ef (1aum? 5;8)ESifh rdrdtouf&Sifjcif;yHkpHtm;
(c&pf,mefrsm; tm;vHk;twGufyg)jyo&efESifh ({zuf? 4;24/ 5;9/ zd? 4;8) wcgwav
vlrsm;twGufoHk;onf/
u / bk&m;ocif- a&mr? 3;4? (a,m[ef? 3;33/ 17;17)
c / a,I- {zuf? 4;21 (a,m[ef? 14;6 ESifhqifwl)
*/ wrefawmftjzpfjyaomoufao - wdwk? 1;13/
C / aygvk - 2aum? 6;8/
*vwd? 4;16 ESifh {zuf? 4;15 rsm;xJu Bud,myHkpHrsdK; (Oyrm? aletheoy)&SdaygvkuomvQifoHk;
um? {0Havdw&m;&Sd nTef;qdkonf/ aemufxyfavhvm&ef Colin Brown (ed)\The New
International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, twGJ 3? pm? 784-902
udkwdkifyifyg/
1;19 ]]tb,faMumifhqdkaomf bk&m;ociftaMumif;od&aomt&mrsm;udk bk&m;ocifonf
olwdkY xif&Sm;apojzifh if;onf olwdkYtxJxif&Sm;vsuf&Sd\}} vlom;tm;vHk;onf
bk&m;ociftaMumif; tcsdKUwdkYtm; zefqif;aomt&mrsm;rS odMuonfomjzpfonf/ (i,f? 20/
a,mb? 12;7-10 ESifh qm? 19;1-6wdkY obm0w&m;rSwqifh) "rynmif;udk
]]obm0w&m;tm;jzifhzGifhjyjcif;}}
[kac:onf/
if;onf
tjynfhtpHkr[kwfonfYwdkif
ormusrf;pmxJ yg&Sdonfh bk&m;ocif\ ]]txl; zGifhjyjcif;}} (qm? 19;7-14) odkYr[kwf
a,Itm;jzifh tqHk;pGefaom zGifhjyrItm;r&&Sdvdkufolrsmtay: bk&m;ocif udkifpGJonfU
wm0ef,lrIjzpfonf (aum? 1;15/ 2;9)/
]]odonf}} qkdaom a0g[m&ukd "ropfusrf; tjrifESpfrsdK;jzifh okH;onf/ (1) if;\
"ra[mif;tjrifjzpfaom yk*dKvfcsif; &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifonfh qufpyfrI (u? 4;1/ a,? 1;5) ESifh (2)
taMumif;t&mwpfck\ tjzpfrSeftm; *&dtjrifjzifh azmfjyrI (i,f 21) wkdYjzpfonf/
{0Ha*vdw&m;onf BudKqkdjcif;jyK&rnfh yk*dKvfwpfOD;ESifh vufcH,kHMunfjcif;jyK&rnfh tqkdyg
yk*dKvftaMumif; owif;pum;ESpfrsdK;pvkH;yifjzpfonf/ ti,f 19 if;ukd eHygwf (2)
tjriftm;jzifhom okH;onf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ /od&Sdonf (Oyrmtjzpf w&m;a[m&musrf;tm; okH;avh&Sdonf)
a[NAJpum; ]]od&Sdonf}} (BDB 393) t"dyg,ftawmfrsm;rsm; (ta&SUtv,fykdif;
bmompum;) ukd QalBud,mtrsdK;tpm; awGY&onf/
1/ tqkd;taumif; em;vnfjcif; - u? 3;22/ w&m;? 1;39/ a[&Sm? 7;14-15/ a,me?
4;11
2/ em;vnfjcif;tm;jzifh od&Sdjcif; - w&m;? 9;2?3?6/ 18;21
78

3/ tawGYtBuKHtm;jzifh od&Sdjcif; - w&m;? 3;19/ 4;35/ 8;2?3?5/ 11;2/ 20;20/ 31;13/

a,mI? 23;14
4/ pOf;pm;jcif; - w&m;? 4;39/ 11;2/ 29;16
5/ vlyk*dKvftm;jzifh od&Sdjcif;
(u) vlyk*dKvfwpfa,muf - u? 29;5/ xGuf? 1;8/ w&m;? 22;2/ 33;9
(c) bk&m;wpfql - w&m;? 11;28/ 13;2?6?13/ 28;64/ 29;26/ 32;17
(*) YHWH- w&m;? 4;35? 39/ 7;9/ 29;6/ a[&Sm? 1;3/ 56;10-11
(C) vdifrIudptm;jzifh - u? 4;1/? 17? 25/ 24;16/ 38;26
6/ oif,laom uRrf;usifrI (0g) todynm - a[&Sm? 29;11?12/ tm? 5;16
7/ ynm&Sdoljzpfjcif; - w&m;? 29;4/ ok? 1;2/ 4;1/ a[&Sm? 29;24
8/ bk&m;ocif\ todynm
(u) arma&SESifhqkdif - w&m;? 34;10
(c) tpa&;ESifhqkdif - w&m;? 31;21?27?29
1;20/ usrf;ykd'fonf bk&m;ociftaMumif; okH;rsdK;azmfjyonf/
1/ ol\ rjrifEkdifaom *kPfowdrsm; (ol\ vuPm/ aum? 1;15/ 1 wd? 1;17/ a[NAJ?
11;27)
2/ ol\ xm0&wef;ckd;awmf (obm0tm; zefqif;jcif; awGY&onfhtwkdif;? qmvH? 19;16)
3/ ol\ bk&m;obm0 (ol\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ESifh zefqif;jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsuf awGY&onf/
u? 1-2)
]]urmtm;zefqif;onfh tcsdefrSp}} 0dbwf apo ukd ,m,D t"dyg,fjzifh okH;onf/
tvm;wl pum;pkrsdK;tm; rm? 10;6/ 13;19/ 2 ay? 3;4 wkdY awGY&onf/ rjrif&aom
bk&m;ocifukd ,cktcg 1/ kyfurmtm; zefqif;jcif; (usrf;ykd'f) jzifhjrif&onf/
2/ ormusrf;pmtm;jzifh (qm? 19/ 119) jrif&onf/
3/ tqkH;pGefwGif a,I (a,m? 14;9) jrif&onf/
]]bk&m;yuwd}} *&dpmayrS theiots ukd ]]bk&m;\ BuD;jrifhjcif; - majesty}} [l
bmomjyefqkdEkdifonf/ if;ukd a,I tBuD;jrifhqkH; jrifEkdifonf/ olonf bk&m;o@mefawmfukd
twktESKdif;uif;pGm aqmif,lonf/ (2 aum? 4;4/ a[NAJ? 1;3)/ olonf vlom;ykHkyef;o@mefjzifh
bk&m;ociftm; tjynfht0zGifhjyoljzpfonf/ (aum? 1;19/ 2;9)/ {0Ha*vdw&m;\ tHhcsD;bG,f&m
ormw&m;rSm tjypfxJusqif;cJhol vlom;onf c&pfawmftm; ,kHMunfjcif;rSwqifh c&pfawmfESifh
wlnDjcif;a0rQ &,lonf [laom tcsufjzpf\ (a[NAJ 12;10/ 1 a,m? 3;2)/ vlom;txJ

79

&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfukd (u? 1;26? 27) jyefvnf&,lcJhNyD;jzpfownf; (theios2

ay? 1;3-4)/
NASB ]]zefqif;onfht&mrsm;tm;jzifh em;vnfum &Sif;vif;pGm odjrifcJh&NyD}}
NKJV]]zefqif;onfht&mrsm;tm;jzifh em;vnfum &Sif;vif;pGm odjrif&\}}
NRSV]]zefqif;aomt&mrsm;tm;jzifh em;vnfum odjrifcJh&NyD}}
TEV]]&Sif;vif;pGm odjrifcJh&NyD/ if;wkdYukd bk&m;ocif\ zefqif;aomt&mrsm;tm;jzifh
odjrif&onf}}
NJB ]]zefqif;awmfrlaomt&mrsm;ukd vlpdwftm;jzifh em;vnf&rIrS &Sif;vif;pGm odjrifcJh&NyD}}
aygif;pyfxm;onfh noe (r? 15;17) ESifh kathora wkdYonf ESpfckpvHk;
tjyKcHBud,mppfrSefpGm odjrifonf[k qkdvkd&ma&mufonf/ bk&m;ocifonf usrf;ESpf
usrf;a&;om;cJh&m (1) obm0w&m; (qm? 19;1-6) ESifh (2) ormusrf;pm (qm? 19;7-14) wkdY
jzpfonf/ if;wkdYESpfrsdK;pvkH;rSm vlom;b0jzifh enf;vnfEkdifpGrf;aomt&mjzpfum wkHYjyefrIukdvnf;
awmif;qkdonf/ (Wisdom 13:1-9)
]]xkdYaMumifh olwkdY qifajcwufEkdifp&mtaMumif; r&Sdacs}} t"dyg,ftwdtusrSm ]]w&m;0if
ckcHykdifcGifhr&Sdacs}} [l jzpf\/ *&da0g[m& (apologeomai a xyfxnfhjcif;) ukd
"ropfusrf; ae&mESifh 2;1 omvQif okH;onf/ 1;18-3;20 \ "rynmt&&nf&G,fcsufrSm
vlom;tm;vkH; 0dnmOfa&; aysmufqkH;aejcif;tm; jyo&efjzpfaMumif; owd&yg/ vlom;wdkif;
rdrdwkdY &&Sdxm;onfh todynmay:rlwnfum wm0ef&SdMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;rsm;tm;
rdrdwkdYodxm;onfht&m (0g) odEkdifonfht&m twGufom wm0ef&Sdonf[k pGJukdifonf/ (4;15/
5;13)/
1;21 ]]taMumif;rlum; olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifukd odonfrSefaomvnf;}} vlom;onf
wjznf;jznf;csif; bk&m;w&m;ukdif;SKdif;vmonfr[kwfyJ? wkd;wkd; qkd;npfvmMujcif;jzpfonf/
vlom;onf urmOD;usrf; 3 tcsdefumvrSp awmifajc&if;okdY qif;aomvrf;ukd qufvuf
vkdufvmcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/ arSmifrkdufonf ykdykd arSmifrJvmaejcif;omjzpfonf/
]]olYukd bk&m;ociftjzpf *kPfjyKjcif;? aus;Zl;wifjcif;r&SdMubJ}} ti,f 23?24 azmfjyonfh
omoemykyfwkqif;wk avmu\ 0rf;enf;p&m uHMurmjzpfonf/ (a,? 2;9-13)/
,kHMunfolrsm;url c&pfawmfuJhokdYtouf&Sifjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifukd ]]csD;ajrmuf*kPfjyK}}
Muonf/ (r? 5;16/ a&m? 12;1-2/ 1 aum? 6;;20/ 10;31/ zd? 1;20/ 1 ay? 4;11) YHWH
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ trSwftom;ukd usqif; rsufpduef;aom avmutm; xif[yfjyornfh
vlwpfrsdK;tvkdawmf&Sdygonf/

80

]]rdrdwkdY\ rSef;qrIrsm;tm;jzifh tcsnf;tESD;jzpfoGm;Muum? rdkufrJaom olwkdY\

pdwfESvkH;rsm;onf arSmifrkdufvsuf&Sd\}} Olaf M. Morlie \ ]]topfbmomjyefjcif;
"ropfusrf;}} ,ckvkdzwf&ykHrSm ]]xkdokdYjzpf&rnfhtpm; olwkdYonf bk&m;ociftaMumif; rdrdwkdY\
rkdufrJaom rSef;qrIrsm;txJ rdrdudk,frdrd Asmrsm;vsuf&SdMuNyD;? rkdufrJaom rdrdwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;rsm;onf tarSmifxJ prf;w0g;0g;jzpfaeMu\}} [l jzpfonf/ vlom;wkdY\
bmomw&m;rsm;onf 0dnmOfa&;&m ykefuefrIESifh rmefrmersm;twGuf armfuGef;ausmufwkdifrsm;
jzpfonf/ (i,f 22/ aum? 2;16-23)
*&d"ra[mif;usrf; LXX okH;onfh tcsnf;ESD; futile pum;vkH;onf tpa&;\
tdrfeD;csif;rsm; ukd;uG,fonfhkyfwkrsm;ESifh qkdif ]]vain - tv[o}} ]]non-existentrwnf&Sdjcif;}} ukd &nfnTef;onf/ aygvkonf Septuagint (LXX) ukd oduRrf;aom
a[NAJawG;ac:&Sifjzpfonf/ LXX okH;onfh *&dpum;vkH;rsm;onf "ropfusrf;
a&;om;jyKpkolrsm;twGuf *&dtbd"gefBuD;rsm;xuf ykd aumif;aom vrf;nTefjzpfonf/
Bud,mESpfrsdK;pvkH;onf Aorist Passive Indicative ac:tjyKcHBud,m
(PassiveVoice) rsm; jzpfonf// olwkdY em;vnfrIaumif;pGm wkHYjyefrIjyKjcif; csdKUwJh&jcif;rSm
bk&m;ocifonf olwkdY\ pdwfESvkH;rms;ukd zkH;uG,fay;avm okdYr[kwf tvif;ukd
olwkdYjiif;qefrIonf olwkdYpdwfESvkH;ukd ckdifrmapavm tjyKcHBud,m pum;vkH;ESpfvkH;onf
ar;cGef; jzpfay:aponf/ (10;12-16/ 4 "r? 17;15/ a,? 2;5/ {zuf? 4;17-19)/ if;onf
xGufajrmuf&musrf;xJu zgkdbk&ifESifh qkdif tvm;wl "rynmqkdif&m ar;cGef;jzpfay:aponf/
zgkdonf rdrdpdwfESvkH;ukd ckdifrmaponf
bk&m;ocifonf olYpdwfESvkH;ukd ckdifrmaponf
xGuf? 4;21
xGuf? 8;15
9;12
8;32
10;20
9;34
11;10
14;4
14;8
14;17
9;35 ckdifrmapolrSm bk&m;ocif (0g) zgkdESpfrsdK;pvkH;&nfnTef;Ekdifonf/ if;rSm
bk&m;ocif\ zkH;uG,fxm;aom tcsKyftcsmtmPmESifh vlom;\ vGwfvyfaom qEjzpfonf/
]]pdwfESvkH; - heart}} "ra[mif;usrf; a0g[m&ukd vl\ yk*dKvfwpfckvkH;tm;
&nfnTef;tokH;jyKonf/ okdYaomf pOf;pm;jcif;ESifh pdwfcHpm;rIjzpfpOftm; &nfnTef;avh&Sdonf/ 1;24
\ txl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg/

81

1;22
NASB, NKJV]]ynm&Sdjzpfonf[k qkdMuaomfvnf; tl;rsm;jzpfvmMuum}}
NRSV]]ynm&Sdjzpfonf[k tcdkiftrmqkdMuaomfvnf; tl;rsm;jzpfvmMuum}}
TEV]]olwkdYukd,folwkdY ynm&Sdjzpfonf[k ajymMuaomfvnf; tl;rsm;jzpfMuonf}}
NJB]]olwkdYukd,folwkdY awG;ac:&SifBuD;rsm;[k ac:avav ykd rkdufrJMuavavjzpfMuonf}}
uRefawmfwkdY\ t*Fvdyfpum; ]]moron}} (toufukd vkduf todnmPfwkd; rvmbJ?
tlaMumifaMumifjzpfaeol) ukd *&dpum; ]]fffooll}} - tl;rS&&Sdonf/ jyemrSm vlom;\ rmeESifh
rdrd\ todynmukd tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ (1 aum? 1;18-31/ aum 2;8-23)/ if;rSm
urmOD;usrf;tcef;BuD; 3 u jyemjzpfonf/ todynmonf oD;cGJxkwfcHjcif;ESifh
w&m;pD&ifcHjcif; jzpfay:aponf/ vlom;\ todynmrSm tpOfrSm;,Gif;r[kwfbJ if;onf
tqkH;pGefaom t&m r[kwfjcif;rQom jzpfonf/
1;23 bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfESifhtnD zefqif;aom vlom;onf acgif;rmrmjzifh
vpfvsLSLonfhcg
(u? 11;26-27/ 5;1?3/ 9;6) bk&m;ocifukd atmufygwkdYuJhokdYaom
avmuDkyfwkrsm;jzpfoGm;aponf/
1/ wd&pmefrsm; (tD*spfEkdifiH)
2/ obm0pGrf;tm;rsm; (yg&Sm;^,ckacwftD&ef)
3/ vlom;ykHpH (*&d^a&mr) kyfwkrsm;? bk&m;ocif\ vlrsdkK;awmfukd,fwkdif okdYjyKcJhMuonf/
(w&m;? 4;15-24)
a&S;acwfumvu tjypfrsm;\ ,aeYacwfopfykHpHtcsdKYrSm
1/ obm0ywf0ef;usif0g'D (trdajrurm)
2/ ta&SUwkdif;\ acwfopf0g' (psmef0g'? 0dnmOf0g'ESifh arSmfynm)
3/ bk&m;rJhvlomy"ge0g'D? rm(cf)pf 0g'? t&mcyfodrf;jynfhpkHjcif; 0g' - utopianism?
wkd;wufaeaom jynfhpkHjcif;0g' progressive idealism ESifh EkdifiHa&; (0g)
ynma&; tqkH;pGefaom ,HkMunfhrI&Sdjcif;
4/ aq;0g;tm;ukd;0g' - holistic medicine (usef;rmjcif;ESifh touf&Snfjcif;)
5/ ynma&;
]]bkef;wefckd;awmf}} 3;23 \ txl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg/
]]ysufpD;wwfaom vlom;}} atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg/
82

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/zsufqD;?

ysufpD;?

azgufjyef

-Destroy,

Ruin,

Corrupt

(PHTHEIR)

a0g[m& phtheir \ tajccH t"dyg,frSm zsufqD; - destroy, ysufpD; - ruin,

azgufjyef - corrupt or spoil jzpfonf/ atmufygtwkdif;okH;Ekdifonf/
1/ aiGaMu;qkdif&m azgufjyefysufpD;rI (2 aum? 7;2 jzpfEkdifonf)
2/ kyfykdif;qkdif&m ysufpD;jcif; (1 aum? 3;17)
3/ ukd,fusifhw&m;ysufpD;jcif; (a&mr? 1;23/ 8;21/ 1 aum? 15;33? 42? 50/ *v? 6;8/
Asm? 19;2)
4/ vdifrIqkdif&m aoG;aqmifjcif; (2 aum? 11;13)
5/ xm0&ysufpD;jcif; (2 ay? 2;12?19)
6/ vlom;rsm;\ azgufjyefysufpD;aeaom rdkd;zvm"avhxkH;pHrsm; (aum? 2;22/ 2 aum?
3;17)
a0g[m&tm;
qefYusifbufrsm;tm;
y,fzsufjcif;tjzpf
wpfae&mwnf;
tokH;jyKavh&Sdonf/ (a&mr? 1;23/ 1 aum? 9;25/ 15;50?53)
uRefawmfwkdY\ ajrBuD;kyfcEmESifh uRefawmfwkdY\ aumif;uifbkHqkdif&m xm0&cEmukd,fwkdY
qefYusifbufjzpfaejcif; tvm;wl tokH;jyKykHukd rSwfom;yg/
1/ ykyfysufEkdifaomt&mESifh rykyfysufEkdifaomt&m (1 aum? 15;42?50)
2/ toa&rJhaomt&mESifh toa&jynfhpkHaomt&m (1 aum? 15;43)
3/ tm;enf;jcif;ESifh tpGrf;wefckd; (1 aum? 15;43)
4/ obm0ukd,fcEmESifh 0dnmOfcEm (1 aum? 15;44)
5/ yxrtm'HESifh aemufqkH;tm'H (1 aum? 15;45)
6/ ajrBuD;o@mefESifh aumif;uifbkHo@mef (1 aum? 15;49)
NASB(aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) usrf;/
/ 1;24-25
24
olwkdYonf rdrdwkdYukd,fcEmukd rdrdwkdYtcsif;csif; SKwfcsMuap&ef tvkdYiSg? olwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;wyfrufjcif;ukd vkduf bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYtm; rpifMu,fjcif; vTwfvkdufawmfrl\/
25
taMumif;rlum; olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ ormw&m;ukd rkomESifhvJvkdufMuum?
zefqif;olxuf zefqif;aom t&mrsm;ukd udk;uG,fum? tapcHMu\/ xkdt&Sifonf
tNrJxm0&aumif;csD;r*Fvm cHpm;oljzpfawmfrl\/ tmrif/
1;24?26?28 ]]bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYtm; ... vTwfvkdufawmfrl\}} if;onf tpGrf;ukef
qkd;0g;aom w&m;pD&ifrIjzpfonf/ if;rSm bk&m;ocifu ]]usqif;ol vlom;tm;
83

olYvrf;olavQmufaeygavap}} [k qkdjcif;jzpfonf/ (qmvH 81;12/ a[m 4;17/ w? 7;42)

"rynmqkdif&m taMumif;t&mtwGuf "ra[mif;usrf;ykd'ftawmfrsm;rsm; yg&Sdonf/ ti,f
23-32 onf omoemy avmutm; bk&m;ocifjiif;qef (,m,Dtrsufawmf) jcif;ESifh if;\
tay:,H bmoma&;ukdif;SKdif;rI (uRefawmfwkdYyg) ukd a&;om;azmfjyonfh omoemy urm\
trSwfvuPmrSm
vdifrIa&;&m
azmufjyefrIESifh
if;tm;
tjrwfxkwfjcif;jzpfcJhNyD;?
,ckacwfvnf; xkdenf;wljzpfygonf/
1;24 ]]pdwfESvkH;rsm;}} atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mukd Munfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ESvkH;
Septuagint
(LXX)
*&d"ra[mif;usrf;ESifh
"ropfusrf;
okH;aom?
*&da0g[m&kardiaukd a[NAJa0g[m& leb (BDB523) \ t"dyg,fxif[yfay:vGifapaom
pum;vkH;jzpfonf/ if;ukd tokH;jyKykHtawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdonf/ (Bauer, Arndt, Gingrich ESifh
Darker wkdY\ A Greek-English Lexicon, pp. 403-404)
1/ kyfcEmtouf\ A[kd? vlyk*dKvftm; wifpm;ac:a0:jcif;wpfrsdK; (w? 14;17/ 2 aum?
3;2-3/ ,mukyf 5;5)
2/ 0dnmOftouf\A[kd (Oyrm udk,fusifhw&m;ESifhqdkifaom)
(u) bk&m;ocifonf pdwfESvkH;ukd odonf/ (vk? 16;15/ a&m? 8;27/ 1 aum? 14;25/
1 ouf? 2;4/ Asm? 2;13)
(c) vlom;\ 0dnmOfa&;&m toufESifhqkdif okH;onf/ (r? 15;18-19/ 18;35/ a&m?
6;17/ 1 wd? 1;5/ 2 wd 2;22/ 1 ay? 1;22)/
3/ pOf;pm;jcif; toufwm\ A[kd (Oyrm - todOmPf/ r? 13;15/ 24;48/ w? 7;23/
16;14/ 28;27/ a&m? 1;21/ 10;6/ 16;18/ 2 aum? 4;6/ {? 1;18/ 4;18/ ,m?
1;26/ 2 ay? 1;9/ Asm? 18;7/ 2 aum? 3;14-15 ESifh zd? 4;7 wkdY ESvkH;onf pdwfESifh
t"dyg,fwlonf/
4/ pdwfqE^apwem\ A[kdXgejzpfonf (Oyrm - pdwftvkd? w? 5;4/ 11;23/ 1 aum?
4;5/ 7;37/ 2 aum? 9;7)
5/ pdwfvIyf&Sm;jcif;\ A[kdXge (r? 5;28/ w? 2;26? 37/ 7;54/ 21;13/ a&m? 1;24/ 2
aum? 2;4/ 7;3/ {? 6;22/ zd? 1;7)
6/ 0dnmOftvkyfvkyf&m (a&m? 5;5/ 2 aum? 1;22/ *v? 4;6/ (Oyrm - uRefawmfwkdY
ESvkH;xJ c&pfawmf&Sdonf/ {? 3;17)
7/ ESvkH;onf vlyk*dKvfwpfckvkH;tm; &nfnTef;onfh wifpm;rI wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ (r? 22;37/
w&m;? 6;5 ukd ,lonf)/ pOf;pm;jcif;? &nf&G,f&if;ESifh jyKrljcif;rsm;onf ESvkH;yif
jzpfonf[laom
oabm&SdNyD;?
if;onf
vlwpfa,muftm;
rnfuJhokdY
yk*dKvfrsdK;jzpfaMumif; tjynfht0 azmfjyonf/ "ra[mif;usrf; xl;jcm;rSwfom;
avmufaom a0g[m& tokH;tEIef;rsm; &Sdonf/
84

(u) urm? 6;6/ 8;21 ]]bk&m;ocifonf rdrdESvkH; emusifonf}} a[m? 11;8-9

vnf; Munfhyg/
(c) w&m;? 4;19/ 6;5 ]]ESvkH;t<uif;rJh? 0dnmOf (soul) t<uif;rJh}}
(*) w&m;? 10;16 ]]ta&zsm;rvSD;aom ESvkH;}} a&mr? 2;29
(C) a,Z? 18;31-32 ]]ESvkH;topf}}
(i) a,Z? 36;26 ]]ESvkH;topf}} - ]]ausmufESvkH;}}
1;25 ]]bk&m;ocif\ ormw&m;ukd rkomESifhvJMuonf}} if;ukdenf;vrf;tawmfrsm;rsm;jzifh
em;vnfEkdifonf/
1/ vlom;tm; bk&m;tjzpf ukd;uG,fjcif; (2 ouf? 2;4? 11)
2/ rdrdvkyfonfht&m - kyfwktm; ukd;uG,fjcif; (a[&Sm? 44;20/ a,Z? 13;25/ 16;19)/
t&mcyfodrf;tm; zefqif;ol YHWHtm; tpm;xkd; (18-23)
3/ {0Ha*vdESifhqkdifaom ormw&m;tm; vlu tqkH;pGefjiif;qefjcif; (a,m? 14;17/ 1 a,m?
2;21?27)/ eHygwf 2 rSm toifhawmfqkH;jzpfonf/
]]ukd;uG,f tapcHonf}} vlom; bk&m;rsm; tpOftjywf&Sdrnfom jzpfonf/
vlom;rSefvQif rdrdwkdY vufvSrf;rrSDaom wpkHwa,muf? ormw&m;wpfckck (0g)
t&mwpfckck&SdaMumif; cHpm;od&Sdonf/
]]tNrJxm0&aumif;csD;r*Fvm cHpm;oljzpfawmfrl\/ tmrif}} aygvkonf *sL;vlrsdK;wdkY\
aumif;csD;ay;jcif;wpfck jyif;xefpGm cHpm;ajymxGufvkdufjcif;jzpfonf/ if;rSm olYtaMumif;
tvGefxif&Sm;aprIwpfck jzpfonf/ (a&m? 9;5/ 2 aum? 11;31)/ aygvkonf pma&;&if;
qkawmif;avh&Sdonf/ (9;5/ 11;36/ 15;33/ 16;27)
]]tNrJxm0&}} atmufyg txl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ tNrJxm0& (*&d tD'D,H)
tjcm;*&dtD'D,H toHk;tEIef;wpfckrSm ]]acwftqufquf - unto the ages}} jzpfonf
(vk? 1;33? a&m? 1;25/ 11;36? 16;27/ *vm? 1;5? 1 wd? 1;17)/ if;onf a[NAJ olam udk
xif[yfay:vGifapjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ Robert B. Girdlestone \ Synonyms of the
Old Testament, pp. 319-321 ESifh "ra[mif; txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ]]tNrJxm0&
(Olam)}} wdkYudkMunfhyg/ tjcm;qufpyfrI&Sdaom pum;pkrsm;rSm ]]unto age - acwfumv}} (r?
21;19/ rm? 11;14/ vk? 1;55/ a,m? 6;58/ 8;35/ 12;34/ 13;8/ 14;16/ 2aum? 9;9)wGif
]]of the age of the ages}} - urmtqufqufrS urmtqufquf}} ({? 3;21)/ *&dtD'D,H
]]forever - tNrJxm0&}}ESifh uGJjym;jcm;em;rI&SdyHk ray:acs/ trsm;jyudef; "ages" onf
85

]]trsm;udef;jyKxl;jrwfapjcif; "the plural of majesty" ac: *sK;q&mBuD;rsm;toHk;jyKonfh

wifpm;jcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfEdkifonf/ odkYr[kwf *sK;vlrsKd;wdkY\IjrifyHkt& acwfumv^uyfurm
trsKd;rsKd;jzpfonf/ ]]qdk;oGrf;jcif;uyfurm?}} ]]vmvwHhaomuyfurm}} ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;uyfurm}}
wdkYudk Tef;qdkjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
]]tmrif}} atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mMunfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / tmrif (Amen)
1/ "ra[mif;usrf;
u/ ]]tmrif}}ac: a0g[m&rSm atmufyga[NAJpum;vHk;rsm;rS vmonf/
1/ ]]ormw&m;}} (emeth, BDB49)
2/ ]]ormw&m;usjcif;}} (emun, emunah, BDB53)
3/ ]],HkMunfjcif;(0g) opm&Sdjcif;}}
4/ ]]udk;pm;onf}} (dmn, BDB52)
c/ if;\pum;vHk;rl&if;teufrSm vlwpfa,muf\ cEmudk,f&yfwnfrIckdifjrJjcif;jzpfonf/
qefYusifbufrSm rckdifNrJaom? acsmfvJaom[ljzpfayvdrfhrnf (w&m;? 28;64-67?
38;16? qmvH 40;2? 73;18? a,? 23;12) odkYr[kwf cvkwfwdkufrdjcif; (qm? 73;2)/
toHk;tEIef;rS wifpm;oHk;EIef;jcif;jzpfonfh opm&Sdonf - faithful, tm;udk; ,HkMunf
xkdufonf - trustworthy, opmapmifhonf - loyal ESifh dependable
rSDcdkxkdufonf pojzifh jzpfvmonf (u? 15;16? [A? 2;24)/
*/ txl;toHk;tEIef;rsm;
1/ wdkifwpfwdkif - 4 "r? 18;16 (1wd 3;15)
2/ pdwfcsaocsmjcif; - xG? 17;12
3/ wnfNidrfjcif; - xG? 17;12
4/ ckdifNrJjcif; - a[&Sm? 33;6/ 34;5-7/
5/ rSefuef - 3"r? 10;6/ 17;24/ 22;16/ ok? 12;22/
6/ NrJNrH - 2&m? 20;20/ a[&Sm? 7;9
7/ rSDcdkxdkuf (ynwfusrf; - Torah) qmvH? 119;43? 142? 151? 168/
C/ "ra[mif;usrf; vIyf&Sm;rI&Sdaom ,HkMunfjcif;twGuf tjcm; a[NAJa0g[m&
ESpfvHk;oHk;onf/
1/ bathach (BDB105) tm;udk;
2/ yra (BDB 431) aMumufonf? dkaoonf? udk;uG,fonf (u? 22;12)/
i/ ,HkMunftm;udk;onf (0g) tm;udk;xkdufonf[laom oabmrSonf wjcm;olwpfOD;\
az:jycsufrSefuefaMumif;? ,HkMunftm;udk;xdkufaMumif; twnfjyK&eftoHk;jyKonfh
bk&m;&Sdcdk;? qkawmif;pmtoHk;tEIef;jzpfvmonf (w&m;? 27;15-26? ae? 8;6? qmvH
41;13? 70;19? 89;52? 106;48)/
86

p/ a0g[m&twGuf "rynmqdkif&maomhcsufrSm vlom;\opm&SdrIudkaz:jyonf (xG?

34;6/ w&m;? 32;4/ qm? 108;4/ 115;1/ 117;2/ 138;2)/ usqif;aomvlom;\
wpfckwnf;aom arQmfvifh&mrSm y#dnmOfw&m;udk apmifhxdef;aom YHWH \
*kPmESifhjynfh0aom opm&SdrIESifh ol\uwdawmfrsm;jzpfonf ([A? 2;4)/ ormusrf;pm
[lonf bk&m;ocifu rdrd\o@mefawmftm; (u? 1;26-27) vlom;txJjyefvnf
az:aqmifjcif;ordkif;ESifh rSwfwrf;jzpfonf/
2/ "ropfusrf;/
u/ az:jyajymqdkcsufwpf&yf\ ,HkMunftm;udk;xdkufjcif;tm; twnfjyKjcif;jzpfonfh
qkawmif; 0wfjyKjcif;qdkif&m tqHk;owfpum;tjzpf "ropfusrf;toHk;jyKonf (1aum?
14;16? 2aum? 1;20? Asm? 1;7? 5;14? 7;12)/
c/ qkawmif;csufwpf&yftm; tqHk;owfjcif;a0g[m&tjzpf "ropfusrf;oHk;onf (a&m?
1;25? 9;5? 11;36? 16;27? *v? 1;5? 6;18? {? 3;21? zd? 4;20? 2ouf? 3;18? 1wd?
1;17? 6;16? 2wd 4;18)/
*/ t"dyg,f&Sdaom ajymqdkrIrsm;tpjyK&ef a0g[m&udkoHk;olrSm (a,m[efc&pf0ifusrf;
ESpfcgxyfoHk;avh&Sdonf)/ a,IomvQifjzpfonf (vk? 4;24? 12;37? 18;17? 29? 21;32?
23;43)/
C/ a,I\bGJYemrawmfwpfrsKd;tjzpf Asm? 3;14 oHk;onf (a[&Sm? 65;16 rS YHWH
\bGJYemrawmfwpfrsKd;jzpfEkdifonf)/
i/ opm&Sdjcif;(0g) ,HkMunfjcif;? ,HkMunftm;udk;jcif; (0g) tm;udk;jcif;oabmwdkYudk
*&da0g[m& pistos (0g) pistis jzifh az:jyNyD;? t*FvdyfbmomodkY trust tm;udk;onf? faith - ,HkMunfudk;pm;onf? believe - ,HkMunfonf[l
bmomjyefqdkonf/
NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)usrf;/ / 1;26-27
26
taMumif;aMumifh bkk&m;ocifonf olwdkYtm; ,kwfnhHaom udavom wyfrufjcif;
tyfapvkdufawmfrl\/
taMumif;rlum;
olwdkY\
rdef;rrsm;onf
obm0usifhxkH;udk
27
a,musfm;rsm;onfvnf; rdef;rESifh
obm0r[kwfaom usifhxkH;jzifh vJvS,fMuum
obm0usifhxkH;udk pGefYvGwfvsuf a,musmf ;om; tcsif;csif; udavom rufarmaom
pdwfylavmifMuum? rzG,fr&maom tjyK tusifhrsm; vGefusL;Muojzifh rdrdwkdY\ rSm;,Gif;rI'Pfudk
olwdkYukd,fwdkif cHpm;Mu\/

87

1;26-27 vdifwl qufqHjcif;onf zefqif;jcif; bk&m;ocif\ &Sif;vif;ay:vGifaom tvdkawmf

(yGg;rsm;Muavmh) rS aoGzDaom toufwm\ Oyrm wpfckjzpfonf/ if;onf tjypfwpfckjzpfNyD;
,Ofaus;rI xGef;um;jcif;\ t"du jyem wpf&yfvnf;jzpfonf/
1/ "ra[mif;usrf;xJ (0wf?18;22/ 20;13/ w&m; 23;18)
2/ *&d- a&mrurm (1 aum 6;9/ 1wd 1;10)
3/ uRefawmfwdkY\ acwf
vdifwlqufqHjcif;taMumif;wpfckvHk;;onf urmOD;usrf; 1-3udk OD;wnfaeojzifh
usqif;jcif;b0\ Oyrmwpfcktjzpf xnfhoGif;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
vlom;udk bk&m;ocif\
oPmefawmfESifh tnDzefqif;onf/(u? 1;26-27/ 5;1?3/ 9;6)/vlom;udk a,mufsm;?rdef;r
zefqif;onf/ (u? 1;27)/ bk&m;ocif\trdefYawmfrSm rsm;jym; wdk;yGm;&efjzpfonf/ (u? 1;28/
9;1?7)/ vlom;\usqif;jcif;onf (urmOD; 3) bk&m;ocif\tpDtpOfESifh tvdkawmfudk
acszsufypfvdkufonf/ vdifwlqufqHjcif;onf ay:vGifaom azmufzsufrIwpfrsKd;jzpfonf/
odkYaomf
usrf;ydk'fazmfjyonfrSm
tjypfwpfrsKd;wnf;omvQif
r[kwfaMumif;udk
vnf;odxm;&efjzpfonf (i,f? 29-31)/ tjypftm;vHk;onf bk&m;ocifxHawmfyg;rS
vlom;cGJxkwf cH&aMumif;ESifh olwdkYESifh xdkufwefaom jypf'Pfudk azmfjyonf/ tjypftm;vHk;?
txl;ojzifh touf&Sifjcif;yHkpHjzpfvmaom (tusifh tjzpfpGJjrJaeaaom) tjypfudk bk&m;ocif
&GH&Smrkef;wD;vSonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m;/
/vdifwlqufqHjcif;/
vdifwlqufqHjcif;tm;
pdwfBudKufa&G;cs,fEdkifaom
touf&Sifjcif;yHkpHwpfrsKd;
tjzpfvufcH&ef acwfopf,Ofaus;rI\ BuD;rm;aomzdtm;ay;jcif;&Sdaeygonf/ if;onfrdrd\
zefqif;jcif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfr[kwfaom? ysufpD;onfh touf&Sifjcif;yHkpHtjzpf
ormusrf;pmu jypf'Pf pD&ifonf/
1/ if;onf rsm;jym;yGm;rsm;&ef urmOD; 1 &Sd trdefYawmftm;csKd;azmufonf/
2/ if;onf omoemyudk;uG,frIESifh ,Ofaus;rI\ trSwftom;jzpfonf/ (0wf 18;22/
20;13/ a&mr 1;26-27 ESifh,k'&)
3/ if;onf bk&m;ocifESifh vTwfuif;um rdrdudk,frdrd A[dkjyKjcif;tm; azmfjyonf (1aum
6;9-10)/
rnfodkYjzpfap ykefuefwwfaom vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf bk&m;ocif\arwmawmfESifh
tjypfvTwf
jcif;tm;
taMumif;t&m
tNyD;rowfrD?
Mum;nSyfazmfjyyg&ap/
uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;onf tjypfjyKolrsm;omvQifjzpfaMumif;tm;axmuf&Ivsuf? c&pf,mefrsm;onf
tjypfusL;vGefolrsm;tm; rkef;wD;&efESifh olwkdYtay: rmeaxmifvTm;jcif;jyKydkifcGifhr&Sdacs/
tjypftm;
tjyif;txefIwfcsjcif;xuf
qkawmif;jcif;?
pdk;&drfaMumifhusrI&Sdjcif;?
oufaocHjcif;ESifh ukPmoufjcif;wdkYonf ydktusKdk;jzpfxGef;aponf/ EIwfuywfawmfESifh
0dnmOfawmftwGuf
vrf;zGifhay;ygu?
jypfwifIwfcsjcif;u@tm;
jyKvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/
tjypfwpfrsKd;wnf;omvQifr[kwfbJ?
vdifrIqdkif&mjypfrIwdkif;onf
bk&m;ociftwGuf
88

&GH&SmzG,f&m jzpfojzifh w&m;pD&ifrIcH&ygonf/ vdifpdwf[lonf vlom;rsm;\ aumif;usKd;?

0rf;ajrmufrIESifh wnfjidrfaom vlYtzJGUtpnf;jzpfap&ef bk&m;ocifay;aom vufaqmifrGef
jzpfygonf/ odkYaomf bk&m;ocifay;onfh tpGrf;xufaom ESifwHonf ykefuefjcif;?
twqefjcif;? taysmftyg;vdkufjcif;? ]]b,favmufyJay;&ay;& ightwGufomvQif trsm;qkH;}}
[kqdkum touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHtjzpfodkY ajymif;vJoGm;avh&Sdonf (a&m 8;1-8/ *v 6;7-8)/

NASB(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) usrf;/ / 1;28-32

28
bk&m;ociftm;qufvuf 0efcHodrSwfoifhonf[k olwdkY rodjrifMuawmhonfESifhtnD?
bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYtm;? roifhavsmfaom xdkt&mrsm;jyK&ef ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;aom
pdwfxJvTwfvdkuf awmfrlojzifh 29rajzmifhrwfjcif;rsKd;pHk? qdk;oGrf;jcif;? avmbBuD;jcif;? qdk;,kwfjcif;?
remvdkrIESifh jynfhpHkjcif;? vlYtoufudkowfjcif;? cdkuf&efjzpfyGm;;jcif;? vSnfhpmjcif;? jiLpljcif;?
twif;tzsif;ajymjcif; 30olwyg;taMumif; rrSefowif;ajymolrsm;? bk&m;ocifudkrkef;wD;olrsm;?
rxDav;pm;jyKolrsm;? rme axmifvTm;olrsm;? 0g<um;olrsm;? qdk;oGrf;rIzefwD;olrsm;? rdbrsm;tm;
remcHolrsm;? 31odem;vnfwwf jcif;r&Sdolrsm;? ,HkMunftm;udk;r&olrsm;? rcspfwwfaomolrsm;?
aus;Zl;*kPmuif;olrsm;jzpfMu\/ 32xdkodkYaomt&mrsm;jyKusifholonf aojcif;cHxdkufolrsm;
jzpfonf[laom bk&m;ocif\pD&ifawmfrl csufudk odMuaomfvnf; rddrdwkdYudk,fwdkif xdkenf;wl
jyKMuHkomru? xdkt&mwdkYudk usifholrsm;tm; wuf<upGm axmufcHMuayao;onf/
1;28-31 tydk'frSm *&dusrf; 0guswpfckwnf;jzpfonf/ if;onf vlom;rsm;rSm ykefuefaom
usqif;aom? vGwfvyfaomolrsm; jzpfaMumif;jyonf (a&m 13;13/ 1aum 5;11/ 6;9/ *v
5;19-21/ {? 5;5/ 1wd 1;10/ Asm 21;8)/
vlom;\ tjypfrSm bk&m;ocifrygbJ &Sdae&ef a&G;cs,frIjzpfonf/ i&JrD;tdkifqdkonfrSm
xdkodkYaomwnf&SdrItm; xm0&jzpfaponf/ vGwfvyfrI[lonf tqdk;jzifhtqkH;owfaom
t&mjzpfonf/ vl bk&m;ocifvkdtyfonf/ vlonf bk&m;ocifrygvQif aysmufqkH;aeol
oifavsmfvkHavmufjcif;r&Sdol? pkHvifjcif;r&Sdoljzpfonf/ xm0&i&JrD;tdkif\ tqdk;0g;qkH;aom
t&mrSm bk&m;ocifESifh qufpyfrIr&Sdjcif;yifjzpfonf/
1;29 ]],kd,Gif;ysufpD;apaompdwf}} usqif;aomvlom;jrif&onfh vGwfvyfjcif;rSm rdrdudk,frdrfd
udk;uG,fjcif; jzpfonf/ if;rSm ]]wpHkw&mESifh t&mcyfodrf; ightwGufomvQif}} qdkonfh
pdwf"gwfjzpfonf/ tjyKcH Bud,m\ uHyk'frSm 1;24? 26? 28 wdkY azmfjyonfhtwdkif;
bk&m;ocif jzpfaomfvnf; usrf;ydk'fESifh urmOD; 1-3 wdkY\ qufpyfrSt&? jyem
jzpfyGm;apaom w&m;cHvufonfrSm vlom;u todynmESifh twtm; a&G;cs,frI
omvQifjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf
rdrdzefqif;aom
ow0grsm;tm;
rdrdwdkY\
udk,fydkifa&G;cs,frIESifh rdrdwdkY\ pdwfBudKuf vGwfvyfrIaMumifh jzpfvmaom tusdK;qufudk udk,fwdkif
cHpm;aponf/
89

]]ESifh jynfhpHkonf}}/ pum;pkrSmvnf; tjyKcHBud,m Perfect Passive Participle

jzihf zGJYpnf;jcif; jzpfonf/ ]]ESifhjynfhpHkapjcif;cH&onf}} [l jzpf\/ vlom;wdkY rdrd t&Snf
MumqHk;awG;aomt&m
tjynfh&SdNyD;?
if;t&mudkyif
ay:vGifxif&Sm;apMuonf/
*sL;bmomq&mBuD;rsm;u vlom;wdkif;\ ESvHk;xJ acG;rJwpfaumif (tqdk; yetzer) ESihf
acG;jzLwpfaumif (taumif; yetzer) &Sdonf/ trsm;qHk; tpmauR;jcif;cH&aom taumifonf
tBuD;qHk;jzpfvmonf[k qdkMuonf/
1;29-31
if;wdkYrSm
bk&m;ocifrygaom
b0toufwm\
&vm'frsm;ESfh
vuPmrsm;jzpfonf/ if;ormusrf;pmxJu azmfjyaom bk&m;ociftm; jiif;qefbdkYol
vlwpfOD;csif;ESifh vlYtzGJUtpnf;wdkY xif&Sm;onf/ if;rSm aygvkjyKpkonfh tjypfpm&if;rsm;teuf
wpfcktygt0ifjzpfonf/ (1aum? 5;11/ 6;9/ 2 aum? 12;20/ *v? 5;19-21/ {? 4;31/ 5;34/ aum? 3;5-9)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/"ropfusrf;xJuyg&Sdaom qdk;npfjcif;rsm;ESifh aumif;jrwfjcif;rsm;
"ropfusrf; qdk;npf,kwfrmrIrsm;ESifh tusifhoDvaumif;jrwfrI ESpfrsdK;pvHk;yg&Sdonf/
if;wdkYonf ynwfawmfESifh *&d,Ofaus;rI ESpfrsdK;pvHk;tm; xif[yfay:vGifaponf/
aumif;jrwfrIrsm;
--a&m? 12;9-21
--1 aum? 6;6-9
2 aum? 6;4-10
*v? 5;22-23
----zd? 4;8-9
aum? 3;12-14
----2 wd? 2;22?24
wd? 1;8-9/ 3;1-2
,m? 3;17-18
1 ay? 4;7-11
2 ay? 1;5-8
---

qdk;npfrIrsm;
1/ aygvk
a&m? 1;28-32
a&m? 13;13
1 aum? 5;9-11
1 aum? 6;10
2 aum? 12;20
*v? 5;19-21
{? 4;25-32
{? 5;3-5
--aum? 4;5?8
1 wd? 1;9-10
1 wd? 6;4-5
2 wd? 2;22?23
wd? 1;7? 3;3
2/ ,mukyf ,m? 3;15-16
3/ aywk 1 ay? 4;3
2 ay? 1;9
4/ a,m[ef Asm? 21;8/ 22;15
90

1;30 ]]rmeaxmifvTm;}} if;rSm *&dpum;vHk; huperphanous jzpfonf/ (atmufwGif Munfhyg)

txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ ]]HUPER}} aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm;tm; aygvktoHk;jyKyHk
tajccHtm;jzihf ]]tay:-over}} (odkY) ]]txuf- upper}} [l t"dyg,f&Sdaom *&d0dbwf
huper udk toHk;jyKum pum;vHk;opfrsm; xGifjcif;udk aygvk txl;0goemxHkonf/ ydkifqdkifrI
oabmtwGuf okH;onffhtcg ]]buf}} "in behalf of" [k t"dyg,f&Sdonf/ ]]taMumif;;}} (0g)
]]ESifhqdkif}} [l vnf; t"dyg,f&SdEdkifonf/ (peri pum;vkH;uJhodkY/ 2aum 8;23/ 2ouf 2;1)/
jyKvkyfjcif;cHoltjzpf (ACCUSSATIVE) okH;onfhtcg]]txuf above, over" (odkY) ]]
wbufurf;^ tvGef above, beyond [k t"dyg,f&Sdonf/ (A.T. Robertson \ A
Grammar of the Greek Neew Tesstament in the Light of Historical
Research, pp. 625-633.) aygvkonf t,ltqwpf&yftm; tav;teufjyKvdkonfhtcg
0dbufudk aygif;pyfpum;vkH; tjzpf (compound) okH;avh&Sdonf/ atmufygpm&if;rSm
0dbuftm; aygif;pyfpum;vkH;rsm;tjzpf aygvktxl;wvnf tokH;jyKykHjzpfonf/
u/ apax legomenon ("ropfusrf;om okH;onf)
1/ Huperakmos, b0 \ tawmufyqkH;tcsdefukefvGefonf 1aum 7;36
2/ Huperauxan, tvGefw&mwdk;yGg; 2 ouf 1;3
3/ Huperbain, ajcvSrf;ausmfonf? csKd;azgufonf 1ouf 4;6
4/ Huperkeina tvGefwGif 2aum 10;6
5/ Huperekteina, tvGeftuRHwdk;csJUonf 2 aum 10;14/
6/ Huperentugchan, Mum;0ifonf a&m 8;26/
7/ Hupernika, tjynfUt0atmifjrifonf/ a&m 8;37
8/ Huperpleonaz, tvGefw&m ayg<u,fonf 1wd 1;14
9/ Huperupso, tcsKyftcsmtjzpf csD;jrSifhonf zd 2;9
10/ Huperphrone vlaejcKH? Mum;?pdwfaebHk zsm;[laom tawG;rsKd; a&m 12;3
c/ aygvk\ pmta&;tom;rsm;om okH;aompum;vkH;rsm;
1/ Huperairomai, rdrdudk,fudk csD;ajrSmuf 2aum 12;7/ 2 ouf 2;4

91

2/

Huperballonts,
twdkifxuftvGef?tvGeftrif;
2aum?
11;23/
(ae&mtxl;jyK Mud,m (adverb) txl;jyKtjzpfokH;jyD;? Mud,mtjzpftokH;jyKonfrSm
2aum 3;10/ 9;14/ { 1;19/ 2;7/3;19)

3/ Huperbol, tvGeftuRHypfjcif;? omrefxufvGefuJaom vufeufwyfqifjcif;/ a&m

7;13/ 1aum 12;31// 2aum 1;8/ 4;7?17/ 22;7/ *v? 1;13
4/ Huperekperissou
twdkif;tqtm;vkH;udk ausmfvGef { 3;20/ 1ouf 3;10/
5;13
5/ Huperlian
tjrifhqkH;'D*&D (0g) tjcm;tm;vkH;xufykd MuD;jrifhaom 2aum
11;5/ 12;11
6/ Huperoch, xif&Sm;aom? xl;jrwfaom? 1aum 2;1/ 1wd 2;2
7/ Huperperisseu, tvGefayg<u,fonf a&m 5;20/ vGefpGmjynfhaom MIDDLE
VOICE 2aum 7;4)
*/ aygvktokH;jyKjyD;? tjcm;"ropfusrf;jyKolrsm;uvnf; tenf;i,fokH;Muonf/
1/ Huperan, txuft&yf\ tpGeftzsm;?{ 1;21/ 4;10 ESifh a[jAJ? 9;5
2/ Huperech, xl;jrwfaom? tm;vkH;xufykd MuD;jrifhaom? a&m? 13;1/ zd? 2;3/ 3;8/
4;7/ 1ay? 2;13
3/ Huperphanos [efaqmifjciff; (0g) armufrmjcif;/ a&m? 1;30/ 2wd? 3;2 ESifh vk
1;51/ ,m 4;6/ 1ay? 5;5
aygvkonf tvGefvdIufvdIufvSJvSJ&Sdwwfolwpfa,mufjzpffonff/ t&m0wKrsm;
(0g)
vlrsm;onff aumif;onffhtcg tvGefaumif;MujyD;? qdk;onfhtcgvnf; tvGefqdk;oGm;Muonf/
tjypf? tw? c&pfawmfESifh {0Ha*vdw&m;rsm;taMumif; rdrd\tjrifhrm;qkH;aom pdwfwGif;
cHpm;rIrsm;udk 0dbwfwJGrsm;onf aygvktm; azmfjyEdkifpGrf;&Sdaponf/
1;32 ]]xdkodkYaom t&mrsm; jyKusifholonf aojcif;cHxkdufolrsm;jzpfonf/}} azmfjyjcif;onf
arma&S\ ynwfw&m;udk xif[yfay:vGifaponf/ if;udk a&m 6;16? 21?23/ 8;6? 13 wkdY
tusOf;csKH;azmfjyonf/ aojcif;w&m;onf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmf? bk&m;ocif\
toufwdkUESifhqefYusifaom t&mjzpfonf/ (aZ, 18;32/ 1wd 2;4/ 2ay 3;6)
]]xkdt&mwdkYudk usifholrsm;tm; wuf<upGm axmufcHMuayao;onf/}} MuD;rm;aom
qif;&J'kuonff taygif;tazmfudk ESpfoufaponf/ usqif;aom vlom;onf tjcm;olrsm;\
tjypfrsm;udk rdrdukd,f rdrdcGifhvTwf&ef taMumif;jycsuftjzpf tokH;jyKum ]]vlwdkif;
92

vkyfaewmyJav}} [kqdkwwfMuonf/ xkH;wrf;"avhrsm;onf olwdkY\ oD;jcm;;tjypfrsm;udk

xif&Sm;aponf/
aqG;aEG&efar;cGef;rsm;
pmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkU teufzGifh&aMumif; vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif;jzpfonff/
qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fydkifteufzGifh&m rdrd\ wm0efjzpfonff[k qdkvdkonf/
uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sx
d m;aom tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&aayrnf/
ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif? ormusrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm
y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;olrsm;
tay:om ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom
ar;cGef;rsm;rSm
usrf;\tydkif;wGif
yg0ifaom
t"du
taMumif;t&mrsm; tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&efyhHydk;zdkUjzpfonf tjynfhtpkH r[kwfbJ pOff;pm;
qifjcifrItm; EdI;qGay;jcif;omvQif jzpfygonf/
1/ aygvkonf a&mrtoif;awmftm; tb,fhaMumifh pma&;oenf;/
2/ c&pf,meftaMumif;azmfjy&m a&mrMo0g'pmonf "rynmt&tb,faMumifh rQ
ta&;yg oenf;/
3/ 1;18rS 3;20 udk rdrdudk,fydkifpum;jzifh tusOf;csKH;yg/
4/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;rMum;cJhbl; olrsm;onf c&pfawmfudk udk;pm;jcif;rjyKrlaMumifh
jiif;qefjcif; cHMuOD;rnfvm;/
5/]]obm0tm;jzifh zGifhjyjcif;}} ESifh ]]txl;zGifhjyjcif;}} wdkU\ uJGjym;jcm;em;rIwdkUudk &Sif;jyyg/
6/ bk&m;ocifrygaom vlUb0taMumif;&Sif;vif;a&;om;azmfjyyg/
7/ ti,f 24-27 vdifwlqufqHjcif;taMumif;ajymygovm;/

93

a&mr 2
acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcGJrsm;
UBS4

NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwf
aom w&m;pD&ifrI

bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwf
aomw&m;pD&ifrI

w&m;pD&if
cHaom*sL;rsm;

bk&m;ocif\
w&m;pD&ifrI

*sL;wdkUonf bk&m;
ocif\jypf'PfESifhrvGwf

2;1-16
*sL;rsm;ESifhynwfawmf

2;1-16
*sL;wdkUonf wyg;
trsKd;rsm;enf;wltjypfSd

2;1-11
w&m;pD&ifrI
\tajccH

2;1-16
*sL;rsm;ESifh
ynwfawmf
(2;17-3;8)

2;1-11
ynwfawmfonf
olwdkUudku,frnf
r[kwf

2;12-16
2;17-3;8

2;17-24

2;12-16

2;17-24

2;17-24

2;17-24

2;25-29

ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;
onfolwdkUudk
u,frnfr[kwf
2;25-29

tusKd;rSdaomta&zsm;
vSD;jcif;

2;25-29

2;25-29

ywfvnfzwfIjcif; tausmhoHk;(pm

xi

I)

rl&if;pma&;ol\pmydk'ftvdkuf &nfG,fcsufudkem;vnfjcif;
if;rSm teufzGifhrIvrf;nTeftm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif
teufjyef&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd&Sdaomtvif;xJ avQmufoGm;
&efjzpfrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif? ormusrf;pmESifh oefUSif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm
y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;olrsm;tay:om yHkcs&ef
r[kwfacs/
tcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf; tNyD;zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;owfrSwfyg/ rdrd\
taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk txufygacwfopfbmomjyef usrf;ig;ckwdkUESifhEIdif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nfG,fcsuftm;em;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/
if;rSm teufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD; pmydk'fwpfydk'f
taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;Sdonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd, pmydk'f
4/ ... pojzifh
94

a&mr 2;1 - 3;20 tm; usrf;pum;tquftpyfrsm;tm;jzifh em;vnfjcif;

u/ tcef;BuD; 2 ESifh 3 onf 1;18 tpjyKaom pmpkudk tqHk;owfjynfhpHkaponf/ tydkif; atmufyg
taMumif;t&mwdkUudk azmfjyonf/
1/ vlom;wpf&yfvHk; vrf;aysmufolrsm;jzpfaMumif;
2/ tjypftay: bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifrI
3/ wpfOD;csif;\,HkMunfrIESifh tjypfrSaemifw&jcif;tm;jzifh vlom; c&pfawmftm;jzifh&Sdaom bk&m;o
cif\ajzmifhrwfrIvdktyfjcif;
c/ tcef;BuD; 2 bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifrIESifhqdkifaom ed,rckepfckSdonf
1/ ormw&m;ESifhtnD ti,f 2
2/ tjypftm; pkaqmif;odk rSD;xm;jcif; - ti,f 5
3/ tusifhudkvdkuf w&m;pD&ifjcif; - i,f 6 ESifh 7
4/ vlyk*dKvftm;jzifh rsufESmvdkufjcif;rSd - i,f 11
5/ toufSifjcif;yHkpH - ti,f 13
6/ vlUESvHk;om;xJSd rxifSm;aomvQKdU0Sufcsufrsm; - i,f 16
7/ vlrsKd;tvdkuf txl;oD;oefU[lrSd - ti,f 17-29
*/ tcef;BuD; 2;1-17onf rnfolUtm;&nfnTef;aMumif; teufzGifhusrf;jyKpkolrsm; aqG;aEG;rIrsm;pGm Sdonf/
2;12-29 onf *sL;rsm;tm;nTef;qdkaMumif; xifSm;onf/ ti,f 1-17 onf omoemyvl (*sL;r[kwf
olrsm;)udk,fusihfw&m;orm;rsm;ESifh if;wdkU\vlrIusifhxHk;qdkif&m pHrsm;enf;wl*sL;trsKd;om;rsm; (armaS\
ynwdusrf;)udkvnf; &nfnTef;onf/
C/ 1;18-21 aygvkonf zefqif;aomt&mrsm;tm;jzifh vlom;rsm;onf bk&m;ocifudk oduRrf;Ekdifonf[k
tcdkiftrmajymonf/ vltm;vHk; bk&m;ocifay;aom twGif;pdwftm;jzifh udk,fusihfw&m;qdkif&m tqdk;
taumif; cGJjcm;odjrifwwfaompdwfSdonf[k 2;14-15vnf; aygvktckdiftrmajymonf/ t&mESpfck
jzpfonfh zefqif;aomt&mrsm;ESifh tqkd;taumif; ydkif;jcm;wwfaompdwfonf "ra[mif;usrf;(0g)
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;rsm; rMum;od&olrsm;yifjzpfap? vlom;wdkif;tm; bk&m;ocifjypf'PfpD&ifjcif;
twGuf tajccHrsm;jzpfonf/ vlom;wdkUonf rdrdtaumif;qHk;&Sdaom tvif;w&m;ESifhtnD toufrSif
Mujcif;tay: wm0efudk,fpDSdMuayonf/

pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pkavhvmrI
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / 2;1-11
1
oifwdkUonf olwyg;tm; ppfaMumpD&ifonfhtwdkif; oifwdkUudk,fwdkifjyKonfjzpf? olwyg;udk
ppfaMumpD&ifonfhtwdkif;yif rdrdudk,frdrd jypf'PfpD&if&ma&muf\/ 2xdkodkUjyKaom olwdkUtay:
bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif; rSefuefpGmusa&mufonfudk igwdkUod&Mu\/ 3xdkodkUaomtrI
wdkYudk jyKaomolwdkUtm; ppfaMumpD&ifaom tdk? toifvlom;onf olwdkUenf;wl jyKusifhonfwGif
4
bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifawmfrl jcif;ESifhvTwfrnf[k xifrSwfoavm/ odkUr[kwf bk&m;ocif\
oem;awmfrljcif;onf oifhtm; aemifw&apjcif;iSg? vrf;jyaeonfudkrodSdbJ? <u,f0aom oem;
awmfrljcif;ESifhonf;cH? pdwfSnfawmfrljcif;udk ayghayghwefwef rSwf,loavm/ 5odkUaomf oif\
95

acgif;rmjcif;ESifh aemifwr&aompdwfESvHk;aMumifh bk&m;ocif\trsufawmfESihf ajzmifhrwfaom

w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif; xifSm;aomaeUtwGuf trsufawmfudk odkrSD;aejcif;jzpfonf/ 6bk&m;ocif
7
onf vlwdkif;tm; rdrdwdkU\vkyfa qmifrIESifhtnD tusKd;tjypfay;awmfrlvdrfh rnf/ bkef;toa&ESifh
razgufjyef rysufpD;jcif;udkSmum? aumif;aomt&mudk pGJNrJpGmvkyfaqmifolwdkUtm; xm0&touf
udkay;awmfrlvwHh/ 8odkUaomf tvdkqEjyif;xef ormw&m;udkremcHbJ rw&m;aomt&mudk emcH
9
olwdkYonf a'goESifhtrsufawmfcH&vdrfhrnf/ raumif;rIudkjyKaomolwdkif;onf yxrOD;pGm *sL;
vlrsKd;rsm;ESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;yg qif;&J'kuESifha0'emcHpm;Muvdrfhrnf/ 10odkUaomf aumif;aom
t&mjyKvkyfolrsm;tm; yxrOD;pGm *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;ESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;yg bkef;toa&ESifhNidrf
oufjcif; cHpm;MuvwHU/ 11taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocifonf rsufESmvdkufawmfrrl/
2;1
NASB ]]ol w yg;ud k ppf a MumpD & if w wf o l ? oif o nf qif j cif a y;p&mtaMumif ; rS d E d k i f & m/}}
NKJV ]]ppf a MumpD & if o l toif v l o m;? oif h t m; cG i f h v T w f p &mtaMumif ; rS d E d k i f & m/}}
NRSV ]]ol w yg;tm; ppf a MumpD & if o l r nf o l r qd k qif j cif a y;p&mtaMumif ; rS d E d k i f & m/}}
TEV ]]oif o nf ol w yg;tm;ppf a Mumojzif h oif r nf o l j zpf a p cG i f h v T w f p &mtaMumif ; vH k ; 0rS d E d k i f & m/}}
NJB ]]oif rnf o l j zpf a p? ppf a MumpD & if y gu qif j cif a y;p&mtaMumif ; rS d / }}

]]w&m;0ifckcHumuG,f ydkifcGifhrSd}}[ljzpfonf (1;20)/ if;\qdkvdk&if;tm; txl;jyKonfhtaejzifh rl&if;

*&d0gus if;udk aSUxm;Sdonf/ ti,f 1-16 onf olwdkUudk,folwdkU ajzmifhrwfolrsm;tjzpf rSwf,lol *sL;
vlrsKd; ynwfw&m;orm;rsm;ESifh usifh0wfodumorm;jzpfol *&dvlrsKd; (*sL;r[kwfolrsm;udk udk,fpm;jyKonf)
ESpfrsKd;pvHk;ESihf oufqdkifae[efSdonf/ tjcm;olrsm;tay: ppfaMumpD&ifrIjyKjcif;jzifh olwdkUudk,folwdkU jypf'Pf
pD&ifMuonf/
pum;pkudkyif 1;20 oHk;aomfvnf; emrfpm;jzpfonfh ]]olwdkY}}onf ae&m]]oifwdkU}}jzpfaeonf/
aygvkonf tjypfom;^qefUusifykefuefolrsm; trsKd;rsKd;tm; &nfnTef;ajymqdkaMumif; odomonf/ xdktrsKd;
tpm;rsm;teufwpfrsKd; oludk,fwdkifonf wpfcsdefuyg0ifcJhonf/
ae&m jyemESpfrsKd;Sdonf/
1/ bk&m;ociftm; oduRrf;jcif;udk jiif;qefjcif;ESifh uajymifujyefjyKjcif;
2/ if;udkyif pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf; ozG,fjzpfoGm;apum? ppfaMumpD&ifrIjyKjcif;ESifh rdrdudk,frdrd ajzmifhrwf
oltjzpf ,lq&eftaMumif; jzpfoGm;apjcif;wdkUjzpfonf/
xdkUjyif tcef;BuD;wpfu ]]olwdkU}}onf 12;1-8 ]]oifwdkU}} jzpfvmaMumif;udkvnf; odrSwfyg/ *sL;vlrsKd;
ESifh*&dvlrsKd;rSonf 2;9-11 ]]vlom;wdkif;}}[l wpfurmvHk;tm; vTrf;jcHKvmonf/ uGJjym;jcm;em;aomtkyfpk
rsm;(ESpfrsKd; odkUr[kwf oHk;rsKd;)Sdaomfvnf; tqHk;uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;rSdyJ? tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf w&m;pD&if
jcif;cHMuonfomjzpf\/ (3;23)
2;2 ]]igwdkUod&Mu\/}}emrfpm;onf aygvk\trsKd;om;csif;*sL;rsm;udk &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifaomfvnf;
c&pf,mefrsm;udk qdkvdkjcif;vnf;jzpfEkdifonf/ tcef;i,f 2-4 aygvkonf olvkyfaeustwdkif;? tar;tajz
wpfpHk jyefxkwfjyonf/ if;udk jypfwifa0zefaompm (Oyrm? ti,f 1-11/ 17-19)[kac:NyD;? jiif;cHkolwpf
OD;ar;cGef;xkwfvkdufjcif;yHkpHjzifh ormw&m;wpf&yftm; wifjyjcif;jzpfonf/ if;yHkpHudk [AuK? rmvcdESifh
*sL;&Adq&mBuD;rsm;enf;wl *&dawG;ac:Sifrsm; (Socrates (qdkua&;wD;) ESifh Stoics *dkPf;om;rsm;) vnf;
toHk;jyKMuonf/
96

]]igwdkUod&Mu\}}[laompum;pkudk a&mrMo0g'pm tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ (2;2/ 3;19/ 7;14/ 8;;22?

28/) tcef;BuD;wpfxJu udk,fusihfw&m;ysufjym;aom omoemyvlrsm;uJhodkUr[kwfbJ? ol\w&m;emy&dowf
wdkUonf twdkif;twmwpfcktxd odSdxm;Muonf[k aygvkrSwf,lxm;onf/
]]taMumif ; t&mud k

ormusrf;pm Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf/}}bk&m;ocifonf tcrJhqkvufaqmif

tjzpf ay;aomtouftwGuf vlom;wdkif;onf bk&m;ocifxHawmf tusKd;taMumif; Sif;vif;csufay;Mu&
rnfjzpfonf/ (i,f? 5-9/ rJ? 25;31-46/ Asm? 20;11-15)/ c&pf,mefrsm;yifvQif c&pfawmfaSUarSmuf
&yfMu&rnfjzpfonf/ (14;10-12/ 2aum? 5;10)/

2;3 w&m;a[majymjcif; twwfynmqdkif&m aygvkxkwfaomar;cGef;\o'goabmonf]]r[kwf}}[laomtajz

udkarQmfvihfonf/
]]xif r S w f o avm}}if ; onf

*&dBud,m logizomai jzpfonf/ if;udk aygvkrMumcPoHk;onf/ (a&mr?

2;3-26/ 3;28/ 4;3?4?5?6?8?9?10?11?22?23?24/ 6;11/ 8;18?36/ 9;8/ 14;14/ *vm 3;6/ 1ESifh2 aum&dEK
wdkU tBudrfwpfq,fESifh zdvdyd ESpfBudrf)/ 4;3 ESifh 8;18yg rSwfcsufrsm;vnf;Munfhyg/

]]tdk? toifvlom;}}if;onf ti,fwpfu tD'D,HtoHk;tEIef;ESifhwpfoabmwnf;jzpfonf/ 9;20 if;

onf *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;ukdnTef;onf/
2;4 vnf; if;onf *&drl&if;wGif ar;cGef;wpfckjzpfonf/

NASB
NKJV, NRSV ]]aygh a ygh w ef w ef rS w f , l o avm}}
TEV, REB ]]txif a o;oavm}}
NJB
]]rdkraojyKvsuf}}
NIV
]]txifao;rIjyo}}
NET
]]jcif;aMumifh txifao;}}

t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;udk EdIif;,SOfMunfhonfhtcg bmomjyefq&mrsm;onf taSYtv,fydkif;bmom

pum;Bud,myHkpHrsKd; cHpm;rI&SdMuonfudkawGU&onf/ if;onf jyif;xefaomjiif;qefvdkjcif; a0g[m&wpfckjzpf
onf/ if;toHk;jyKyHktm; atmufygwdkUMunfhyg/
1/ a,Iajymaompum;rsm; - rJ? 6;24/ 18;10
2/ aygvk-1aum? 11;22/ 1wd? 4;12/ 6;2
3/ a[NAJvlrsKd;rsm;-(a,Itm;) 12;2
4/ aywk-2ay? 2;10
5/ wrefawmf-13;41 uemrfpum;vHk;

97

]]<u,f0 aomoem;awmfrljcif;ESifhonf;cH? pdwfSnfawmfrljcif;}}vlom;wdkUonf bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;

awmf? *kPmawmfESifh onf;cHawmfrljcif;wdkUudk rMumcPyif em;vnfrIvTJrSm;oGm;Muum? rdrdtjypfudk aemifw
&&rnfhtpm;? tjypfjyK&ef tcGifhaumif;jzpfoGm;apMuonf/ (2ay? 3;9)
aygvkonf bk&m;ocif\*kPft*Fgtm;azmfjy&m]]<u,f0awmfrljcif;}}[l ajymavhSdonf/(9;23/ 11;33/
aum? 1;27/ {zuf? 1;7?18/ 2;4?7/ 3;8?16/ zdvdyd? 4;19)/
]]onf;cHjcif;}}[laomemrfpum;vHk; "ropf ESpfBudrfomvQifygSd&m ESpfBudrfpvHk; aygvka&;aom pm
xJjzpfonf/ ae&m (1;18-3;31)ESifh 3;26 jzpfNyD; ESpfckpvHk;onf tjypfom;rsm;tay: bk&m;ocif\
onf;cHawmfrljcif;udk &nfnTef;onf/

]]oifhtm; aemifw&apjcif;iSg? vrf;jyaeonfudk}}bk&m;ocifESifh ,HkMunfjcif;y#dnmOftm;jzifh awmfpyfrI

&Sd&ef tjypftm;aemifw&jcif;onf tjywfqHk;jzwfcsufay;aomt&mjzpfonf/ (rJ? 3;2/ 4;17/ rmuk?
1;15/ 6;12/ vkum? 13;3?5/ wrefawmf? 2;38/ 3;16?19/ 20;21) a0g[m&onf a[NAJbmompum;
tjyKtrl ajymif;vJjcif;tm;qdkvdkonf/ aemifw&jcif;qdkonfrSm twudkA[dkjyKaomjzpfwnfrIrS bk&m;ocif\
pum;ajymjcif;ESifh nTefMum;rIcH&aomb0toufwmodkU ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ if;twGuf twudkOD;pm;
ay;jcif;ESifh if;\csKyfaESmifcH&rIrS jyefvSnfhvmjcif;vdktyfonf/ tajccHtm;jzifh if;onf topfaomociftm;
&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ aemifw&jcif;onf tm'H\usqif;aomom;orD;wdkif; o@efawmfESifhnDap&ef bk&m;ocif
\tvdkawmfjzpfonf/ (a,Z? 18;21?23?32 ESifh 2ay? 3;9)/
aemifw&jcif;twGuf uGJjym;jcm;em;aom*&da0g[m&rsm;tm; taumif;qHk;ay:vGifapaom "ropfusrf;
ydk'frSm 2aum? 7;8-11 jzpfonf/
1/ lupe]]pdwfemonf}}(0g)]]0rf;enf;onf}}/ ti,f 8 (ESpfBudrf) 9 (oHk;Budrf) 10 (ESpfBudrf)? 11
2/ metamelomai]]rSm;aMumif;odSdonf}}(0g)]]tcsdefaESmif;rS *kpdkufonf}}(after care)i,f 8 (ESpfcg)? 9
3/ metanoia]]aemifw}}(0g)]]tcsdefaESmif;rS pdwfxJxnfhonf}}(after mind) i,f 9? 10
qefUusifbufrSm rSm;,Gif;aomaemifw(metamelomai)jzpfonf/ (,k'-rJ? 27;3ESifh{aom a[NAJ?
12;16-17)/ if;ESifh qefUusifbufrSm ppfrSefonfhaemifw (metanoe)jzpfonf/
ppfrSefaom aemifw\"roabmrSm 1/ y#dnOfw&m;opftaMumif; a,I\a[majymrI (rJ? 4;17/ rmuk? 1;15/ vkum? 13;3?5)
2/ wrefawmfrsm; wref0wK a[mMum;rIrsm;(wrefawmf? 3;16?19/ 20;21)
3/ bk&m;ocif\ tjrifhrm;qHk;aus;Zl; (wrefawmf? 5;31/ 11;18 ESifh 2wd? 2;25)
4/ ysufpD;aejcif; (2ay? 3;9) aemifw&&efqdkonfrSm pdwfBudKufaG;cs,f&aom t&mr[kwf!

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/aemifw&jcif;

aemifw&jcif;(,HkMunfjcif;ESifhtwl)onf y#dnOfw&m;a[mif;ESpfrsKd;vHk;twGuf vdktyfaomy#dnOfw&m;

jzpfonf/ (Nacham,BDB 636? Oyrm 13;12/ 32;12?14/ Shuv, BDB 996/ Oyrm 3"r? 8;47/ a,Z?
14;6/ 18;30)ESifh y#dnOfw&m;opf/
1/ AdwdZHq&ma,m[ef (rJ? 3;2/ rmuk? 1;4/ vkum? 3;3?8)
2/ a,I (rJ? 4;17/ rmuk? 1;15/ vkum? 5;32/ 13;3?5/ 15;7/ 17;3)
3/ aywk (wrefawmf? 2;38/ 3;19/ 8;22/ 11;18/ 2ay? 3;9)
4/ aygvk (wrefawmf? 13;24/ 17;30/ 20;21/ 26;20/ a&mr? 2;4/ 2aum? 2;9-10)
98

odkUaomf aemifw&onfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;? if;rSm 0rf;enf;jcif;avm? tjypfvkyfjcif;rS &yfwHhjcif;

avm/ t,ltquGJjym;jcm;em;aom t"dyg,fyGg;rsm;taMumif; em;vnfoabmayguf&ef taumif;qHk;"r
opfusrf;ydk'frSm 2aum&dEK? 7;8-11 jzpfonf/ if; qufpyfaomfvnf; uGJjym;jcm;em;aom *&da0g[m&oHk;ck
oHk;xm;onf/
1/ ]]0rf;enf;onf}} (lup i,f 8(ESpfcg)? 9(oHk;cg)? 10(ESpfcg)?11)/ 0rf;enf;onf (0g) aomua&muf
onf[k t"dyg,fSdNyD; "roabmt& Mum;aeaomt"dyg,fSdonf/
2/ ]]aemifw&onf}} (metanoe- ti,f 9?10)/ if;onf aemufaemif(after)ESifh]]pdwf}}(mind)ESpfckpyf
pum;vHk;jzpfNyD; pdwfopf? awG;awmyHktopf? b0ESifhbk&m;ocifqdkif&m pdwfaeoabmxm;topfudk
qdkvdkonf/ if;rSm ppfrSefaomaemifwjzpfonf/
3/ ]]pdwfysufonf}}(metamelomai-i,f 8(ESpfcg)?10)? if;onf aemufaemif (after)ESifh ]]*kpdkuf(care)}}
ESpfckpyfpum;vHk;jzpfonf/ if;tm; ,k'taMumif; rJ? 27;3 ESifh {aomtaMumif; a[NAJ? 12;16?
17wdkUoHk;onf/ if;onf tjyKtrlr[kwfbJ? if;tjyKtrl\ tusKd;qufjzpfonf/
aemifw&jcif;ESifh,HkMunfjcif;wdkUonf vdktyfaomy#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf (rmuk? 1;15/
wrefawmf? 2;38?41/ 3;16?19/20;21)/ bk&m;ocifonf aemifw&aponfqdkonfh oabmoufa&mufaom
usrf;ydk'ftcsKdUSdonf/ (wrefawmf? 5;31/ 11;18/ 2wd? 2;25)/ odkUaomf trsm;pkaomusrf;ydk'frsm;t& if;rSm
tcrJhaomu,fwifjcif; ay;prf;onfhbk&m;ociftm; vlom;rsm;taejzifh y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&mwHkUjyefrIjyK&ef
vdktyfcsufjzpfonf/
aemifw&jcif;\teuft"dyg,f tjynfht0em;vnfoabmaygufEkdif&ef a[NAJpum;ESifh*&dpum;ESpfrsKd;
pvHk;\t"dyg,fowfrSwfcsufrsm;vdktyfonf/ a[NAJpum;vHk;t& ]]tjyKtrlajymif;vJjcif;}}vdktyfNyD;?*&dpum;
vHk;t&]]pdwfESvHk;ajymif;vJjcif;}}vdktyfonf/ u,fwifjcif;&Sdolonf pdwfopf? ESvHk;opf&Sdonf/ ol\pdwf
ul;tawG;rSm uGJjym;jcm;em;oGm;NyD;? uGJjym;jcm;em;pGm toufSifoGm;onf/ ]]ightwGuf b,ft&mSdrvJ}}qdk
onfhar;cGef;tpm;]]bk&m;ocif b,ft&mtvdkSdvJ}}[laomar;cGef;onf tpm;xdk;vmonf/aemifw&jcif;onf
ysufjy,foGm;onfh pdwfvIyfSm;rI(0g)t<uif;rJhtjypfuif;pifoGm;jcif;r[kwfbJ? oefUSif;awmfrlolESifhtopfaom
awmfpyfrIjzpfay:vmum? if;onf ,HkMunfoltm; oefUSif;oltjzpf wdk;wdk;ajymif;vJoGm;aponf/
2;5-9 tcef;i,frsm;onf(1) usqif;aomvlom;\acgif;rmyHk(2) bk&m;ocif\trsufawmfESifh w&m;pD&if
awmfrljcif;wdkUudk a&;om;azmfjyonf/
2;5 ]]acgif;rmjcif;}}emrfpum;vHk;udk "ropfusrf; ae&momawGU&onf/ tpa&;tm; enf;jzifh
azmfjy&m usrf;ydk'frsm;rSm xGuf? 32;9/ 33;3?5/ 34;9/ w&m;? 9;6?13?27/ (a[NAJ? 3;8?15/ 4;7 wdkUudkvnf;
rSwfom;yg)/

]]pdwfESvHk;}}1;24 \txl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg/

]]trsufawmf xifSm;awmfrlaomaeY/}}if;udk "ra[mif;usrf; (a,mv? tmrkwf)]]xm0&bk&m;\aeU}}

[kac:onf/ if;onf w&m;pD&ifaomaeU(0g),HkMunfolrsm;twGufrl SifjyefxajrmufaomaeUjzpfonf/ vl
om;wdkif;bk&m;ocifxHrS qkvufaqmiftjzpf rdrdwdkU&Sdaomtoufudk rnfodkYtoHk;jyKMuaMumif;twGuf
bk&m;ocifxH Sif;vif;csuf(ajzSif;csuf)ay;Mu&vdrfhrnf/ (rJ? 25;31-46/ Asm? 20;11-15)

99

bk&m;ocif\trsufawmftm; odkrSD;xm;olwdkUrSm tjypfom;rsm;udk,fwdkifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd

trsufawmfxGuf&jcif;taMumif; ckdifvHkay:vGifap&ef tjypfudkwpfckaomtwdkif;twmtxd vTwfvyfpGmvTwf
xm;um? trsufawmfydkrdkBuD;xGm;vmap&ef cGifhjyKonf/
trsufawmf[lonf bk&m;ociftaMumif;tm; Sif;vif;a&;om;&ef toHk;jyKaomvlom;pum;vHk;rsm;
teufwpfckjzpfonf/ (1;18 \txl;taMumif;t&m]]bk&m;ociftm; vlom;uJhodkU a&;om;azmfjyjcif;}}Munfh
yg/) bk&m;ocifonf xm0&? oefUSif;awmfrlolESifheH0dnmOfjzpfonf/ vlom;rsm;onf tuefUtowfESifhjzpf
aom? tjypfSdaom? kyfcEmjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf pdwfvIyfSm;um? a'goxGufaejcif;rsKd;Sdonf r[kwf
acs/ tjypfom;jzpfaom vludkcspfaomfvnf;? vlom;rsm;u rdrdtm; qefUusifykefuefjcif;udkrl tckdiftrm
qefUusifonf/ bk&m;ocifonf yk*dKvfjzpfonf/ olonf tjypfudkyk*dKvftvdkuf aAG,lojzifh uRefawmfwdkU
rdrdtjypftwGuf rdrdudk,fwdkif wm0efSdonf/
bk&m;ocif\trsufawmfESifhqdkifaom aemufxyfjznfhpGufajymp&mrSm if; vufSdumv(acw,m,D
1;24?26?28)ESifh acwfumv\tqHk;(aemifjzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;ESifhqdkifonf 2;5-8)[l ormusrf;pm azmfjy
onf/ bk&m;ocif\aeU&uf (w&m;pD&ifawmfrl&maeU)rSm tpa&;vlrsKd;rsm; tem*wfumv w&m;pD&ifjcif;
rcH&bJ? aumif;csD;&Sdap&ef olwdkUtjypfudk aemifw&MubdkU "ra[mif;acwfya&mzufrsm;\ BudKwifowday;
jcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (w&m;a[m? 27-28) "ra[mif;acwfya&mzufrsm;onf rdrdwdkUacwfumv\ tvGef
ta&;BuD;aomtcsdeftcgwpfckudk aemufqHk;aomumvtaMumif;a[m&ef toHk;jyKavhSdMuonf/
2;6 if;udk qmvH? 62;12 rS ,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ (rJ? 16;27)? vlom;rsm;onf rdrdwdkU\jyKrlrIrsm;twGuf
udk,fpDwm0efSdMuNyD;? bk&m;ociftm; Sif;vif;csufay;MurnfrSm urmYed,rwpf&yfjzpfonf/(2;1 \rSwfcsuf
'kwd,pmydk'f Munfhyg/) (a,mb? 34;11/ okwH? 24;12/ w&m;a[m? 12;14/ a,&rd? 17;10/ 32;19/ rJ?
16;27/ 25;31-46/ a&mr? 2;6/ 14;12/ 1aum? 3;8/ *vmwd? 6;7-10/ 2wd? 4;4/ 1ay? 1;17/ Asm? 2;23/
20;12/22;12)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;yifvQif rdrdwdkUb0ESifh c&pfawmftwGuf trIaqmifGufrItaMumif; Sif;vif;csuf
ay;Mu&ayrnf/ (2aum? 5;10)/ ,HkMunfolwdkUonf olwdkU\tusifh(work-tvkyf)aMumifh u,fwifjcif;&
jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; tusifhusihf&ef u,fwifcH&olrsm; jzpfMuonf/ ({zuf? 2;8-10/ txl;ojzifh 2;1426/ ,mukyfESifha,m[efMo0g'pm)? ajymif;vJcJhaomb0toufwmESifh arwmtm;jzifh ajymif;vJaeaomtouf
wm? trIaqmifGufjcif;ESifh wpfudk,faumif;rqefjcif;wdkUonf u,fwifcH&jcif;\ppfrSefrI taxmuftxm;
jzpfonf/
2;7 ]]olwdkUtm;}}ti,f 7 a&;om;azmfjyaomolrsm;ESifhti,f 8 uvlrsm; uGJjym;jcm;em;rISdonf/ (odkUaomf
...olwdkUtm;)

NASB

]]bkef;toa&ESifh razgufjyefrysufpD;jcif;udkSmum? aumif;aomt&mudkpGJNrJpGm vkyfaqmifol

wdkYtm; xm0&toufudk ay;awmfrlvwHh}}/
NKJV ]]bk e f ; toa&ES i f h razguf j yef r ysuf p D ; jcif ; ud k S m um? aumif ; aomt&mud k quf v uf onf ; cH
vkyfaqmifolwdkUtm; xm0&toufudk ay;awmfrlvwHh}}/
NRSV ]]bk e f ; toa&ES i f h razguf j yef r ysuf p D ; jcif ; ud k S m um? aumif ; aomt&mud k quf v uf onf ; cH
pGmjzifh vkyfaqmifolwdkUtm;? xm0&toufudk ay;awmfrlvwHh}}/
TEV ]]vl t csKd U wd k U onf aumif ; aomt&mud k quf v uf v k y f o G m ;Muum? bk e f ; toa&ES i f h razguf j yef
rysufpD; jcif;tm; SmazGMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf olwdkUtm; xm0&toufay;vdrfhrnf/
100

]]aumif;aomt&mudk tpOftNrJvkyfoGm;jcif;jzifh xifay:rI? toa&ESifh razgufjyefrysufpD;jcif;

tm; SmazGMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf olwdk Utm; xm0&toufay;vdrfhrnf/
if;onf aumfaevduJhodkYaomolrsKd;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (wrefawmf? 10;34-35)/ pmydk'fonf tvkyf
tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&modkU a&mufaeouJhodkU xif&aomfvnf; (vlom;\tm;xkwfrIjzifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;&SdouJh
odkU)tcsufonf a&mrMo0g'pm\ t"duOD;wnfcsufudk qefUusifbufjyK&ef r[kwfacs/ ti,f 1-16 (0g)
1-11wpfckckonf pmydk'fwpfydk'fjzpfaMumif; owd&yg/ tydk'fwpfckvHk;\"roabmw&m; azmfjyvdk&if;
tcsufrSm bk&m;ocifonf vlrsufESmudkraxmuf (i,f 11)aMumif;ESifh vltm;vHk;tjypfjyKMuaMumif;(i,f 12)
jzpfonf/ vlwdkUonf rdrdwdkU&Sdonfhtvif;ESifhtnD toufSifMuygu (wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf obm0
tm;jzifh zGifhjyrIESifh*sL;vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf txl;zGifhjyjcif;-10;5) bk&m;ocifESifhtqifajyMuayvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf
ajzmifhrwfaomol[l rSdcJhbl;aMumif;ESifh rnfonfhtcgrSvnf; SdEkdifvdrfhrnfr[kwfaMumif; 3;9-18?23
tusOf;csKHUazmfjyonf/
,HkMunfolonf bk&m;w&m;udkkdaoum? ajymif;vJaomtoufwmSdjcif;onf ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh tpjyK
wHkYjyefaMumif; txnfjyKcdkifvHkaponf/ ajymif;vJaomtoufwmrSm bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfusdef0yfaMumif;
\taxmuftxm;jzpfonf/ (ti,f 10? 13/ rJ? 7/ {zuf? 2;8-10/ ,mukyf? 2;14-26ESifh 1a,m [ef)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / pGJNrJ&ef vdktyfrI 8;25 Munfhyg/

NJB

]]xm0&touf/}} if;onf a,m[ef\ta&;tom;vuPmwpf&yfjzpfNyD; c&pf0ifusrf; yxroHk;usrf;wdkU

awGU&cJonf/ aygvkonf pum;vHk;udk 'Ha,v 12;2 (wdwk? 1;2/ 3;7)rS&,lonfESifhwlonf/
xdkusrf;ydk'f if;pum;vHk;onf uyfurmtopfESifhqdkifaomtouf? bk&m;ocifESifh rdwfo[m,jzpfaom
toufwm? jyefSifxajrmufaomb0udk azmfjyonf/ olonf if;udk *vmwd 6;8 yxrOD;qHk;oHk;onf/
if;onf a&mrMo0g'pm\ Mo0g'ydkif;qdkif&mu@ OD;wnfcsufjzpfavhSdonf(2;7/ 5;21/ 6;22?23)/
oif;tkyfqdkif&mMo0g'rsm;vnf; tawmfrsm;rsm;ygSdonf/ (1wd? 1;16/ wdwk? 1;2/ 3;7)/
2;8
NASB
]]tvdkqEjyif;xef}}
NKJV, NRSV ]]rd r d u d k , f u sKd ; S m ol w d k U }}
TEV
]]tjcm;olrsm;onf udk,fusKd;zufMu\}}
NJB
]]remvdkpdwfSdolrsm;}}
Louw

a0g[m&\rl&if;t"dyg,frSm ]]tcay; iSg;&rf;onf}}[kqdkvdkonf/ (a,mb? 2;11)

ESifh Nida wdkU\ ]]Greek-English Lexicon}}twGJ 2/ pm? 104 a0g[m&\oHk;EIef;yHkESpfrsKd;

azmfjyonf/
1/ ]]pdwfqEjyif;xefonf}}selfish ambition [ljzpfNyD; a&mr? 2;8udknTef;um]]tjcm;olwpfyg;xuf ydkrdk
aumif;rGefvdkjcif;}}[kqdkojzifh usrf;ydk'fESifhudkufnDonf/
2/ ]]&efNidK;BuD;jcif;}}-hostility [ljzpfNyD;? zdvdyd 1;17 udknTef;um? tNydKiftqdkifjyKjcif;tjzpfvnf; bmom
jyefEkdifonf[kazmfjyonf/ (2aum? 12;20/ *vmwd? 5;20/ zdvdyd? 2;3/ ,mukyf? 3;14?16)/

]]ormw&m;udk remcHbJ/}}ormw&m;]]truth}}(aletheia)tm; if;\a[NAJt"dyg,f(emeth)jzpfonfhrSef

uefrI? pdwfcsrItjzpfoHk;onf/ oabmtm;jzifhif; a0g[m&onf todnmOfESifhrqdkifbJ udk,fusifhw&m;ESifh
qdkifonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / aygvka&;aompmrsm;xJu ormw&m;-1;18 Munfhyg/
101

2;9]]vlom;wdkif;/}} aygvkonf *&da0g[m& pas udkoHk;onf/ ]]tm;vHk;}}(0g)]]wdkif;}}[l bmomjyefavhSdaom

if;tm; a&mrMo0g'pmtzGifh tcef;BuD;rsm; rMumcPoHk;NyD; wpfurmvHk;jcHKaom]]owif;qdk;}}(vlom;wdkif;
vrf;aysmufolrsm;jzpfaeMujcif;ESifh bk&m;ocifonf w&m;pD&if&m rsufESmrvdkufjcif;)]]owif;aumif;}}(bk&m;
ocifonf u,fwifjcif;tm; ay;prf;jcif;ESifh? aemifw&um c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfolwdkif; tjypfvTwfjcif;
tjynfht0&Sdjcif;) ESpfrsKd;pvHk;tm;qdkvdkonf/
pmydk'fonf wpfurmvHk;vTrf;jcHKaom w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;ESifh if;\tusKd;quftm; cdkifrmpGmnTef;qdk
onf/ ormw&m;t& ajzmifhrwfolESifhqdk;oGrf;ol ESpfrsKd;pvHk;\SifjyefxajrmufrIvdktyfaMumif; azmfjy
onf/ ('Ha,v? 12;2/ a,m[ef? 5;28-29/ wrefawmf? 24;15)/
ti,f 6-11 onf wqufwnf;jzpfygu ti,f 8-9onf w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;(0g)raumif;rIjyKolrsm;
tm; &nfnTef;onfhaomhcsufusrf;ydk'frsm;jzpfonf/
2;9-10]]yxrOD;pGm *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;}}/ tav;teufjyKjcif;taejzifh pum;udk xyfrHazmfjyonf/ *sL;rsm;onf
bk&m;ocif\zGifhjyawmfrljcif; &SdcJhMuojzifh yxrOD;qHk; tcGifhxl;cHpm;&olrsm;jzpfonf/ (1;16/ rJ? 10;6/
15;24/ a,m[ef? 4;22/ wrefawmf? 3;26/ 13;46)/ odkUaomf bk&m;ocif\Asm'dwfawmftm; &Sdolrsm;yDyD
(9;4-5) w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;udkvnf; yxrOD;qHk; cH&olrsm;jzpfMuonf/ (9-11)
2;11
]]taMumif;rlum;? bk&m;ocifonf rsufESmvdkufawmfrrl}}
]]taMumif;rlum;? bk&m;ocifonf rsufESmvdkufjcif; jyawmfrrl}}
]]taMumif;rlum;? bk&m;ocifonf vlwdkif;tm; wef;wlpD&ifawmfrlonf/}}
]]bk&m;ocifonf rsufESmomay;jcif;rSd}}
"ra[mif;usrf;\w&m;pD&ifjcif;qkdif&m wifpm;oHk;EIef;aom a0g[m&wpfrsKd;jzpfNyD; ]]rsufESmarmhonf}}[k
t"dyg,fSdonf/ (0wfjyK? 19;15/ w&m;a[m? 10;17/ 2&mZ0ifcsKyf? 19;7/ wrefawmf? 10;34/ *vmwd?
2;6/ {zuf? 6;9/ aum? 3;25/ 1ay? 1;17) w&m;olBuD;wpfOD;onf rdrd\trIonf w&m;rQwrIawGY&NyDqdk
vQif iJhuGufp&mtcGifhta&;jzpfvmonf/ xdkUaMumifh olonf rdrdaSU &yfaeol\rsufESmtm; armhay;jcif;jyK
awmhrnfr[kwfacs/
NASB, NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;0g'
I.

ed'gef;

u/ if;udk usqif;aomvlom; vlUtzGJUtpnf;twGif; wpfurmvHk; awGU&onf/ if;onf olwpfyg;\

c/

ausmukef;ay: wufpD;aomvlom;\twjzpfonf/ vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;0g'tm; enf;vrf;rsm;pGmjzifh

acwfopfumv awGUjrif&NyD;? trsKd;om;a&;0g'(odkUr[kwf vlrsKd;pk0g')rSmrl ydkaS;usaom toHk;
tEIef;jzpfonf/
trsKd;om;a&;0g'onf AmAkvkef tpjyKcJhNyD;(urm? 11)rlvtm;jzifh aem{\om;a,musfm;oHk;
a,mufESifhqufpyfum? if;wdkUrS rsKd;EG,fpkqkdolrsm; pwifxGef;um;vmcJhonf/(urm? 10)/ rnfodkU
jzpfap vlom;rsKd;EG,f[lonf rsKd;dk;wpfckwnf;rS qif;oufvmjcif;jzpfaMumif; ormusrf;pmrS
xifSm;pGm odSd&onf/(urmOD;? 1;-3/ wrefawmf? 17;24-26)
102

*/

vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;0g'onf rsufESmvdkufjcif;trsKd;rsm;pGm teufwpfrsKd;omvQifjzpfonf/ tcsKdUwdkUrSm

(1) ynma&;udktaMumif;jyKNyD; rsufESmBuD;vdkufjcif; (2) vlrIa&;? "eOpmrme (3) rdrdomvQif rSef
onfqdkaombmoma&; t,lonf;0g'ESifh (4) EdkifiHa&;t,l0g'qdkif&m udp&yfrsm;
II. ormusrf;vmtcsufrsm;

u/ "ra[mif;usrf;
1/

2/

3/

4/

5/

urmOD; 1;27/ a,musfm;? rdef;rwnf;[laomvlom;tm; bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmftwdkif;?

bk&m;ocifESifhwlatmif zefqif;onfjzpf? olwdkUrSm twktEIdif;uif;olrsm;jzpfonf/ if;
onf olwdkUwpfOD;csif;pD\wefbdk;ESifh *kPfodumudkvnf; azmfjyonf/ (a,m[ef 3;16)
urmOD; 1;11-25/ ]]trsKd;tvdkuf}}qdkaompum;pkwpfq,fBudrf rSwfwrf;wifxm;onf/ if;
tm;vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;twGuf taxmuftxm;tjzpf toHk;jyKavhSdonf/ odkUaomf usrf;pum;
tquftpyfudkMunfhonfhtcg wd&pmefrsm;ESifhtyifrsm;udk nTef;qdkjcif;omjzpfNyD;? vlom;ESifh
rqdkifaMumif; xifSm;onf/
urmOD; 9;18-27/ if;tm; vlrsKd;BuD; pdk;rdk;a&;0g'twGuf taxmuftxm;tjzpf toHk;jyKol
rsm;Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf cgeeftm; rusdefqJcJhaMumif; owd&&efvdktyfonf/ olYtm;
tzdk;jzpf olaem{uom t&ufrl;rl;jzifhEdk;vmonfhtcg usdefqJvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif
onf usdefqJrItm;twnfjyKaMumif; ormusrf;pm rSwfwrf;rSdacs/ bk&m;ocifonf
xdkodkUjyKonf qdkOD;awmh if;onf tom;rJaomvlrsKd;EG,ftm; xdcdkufjcif;rSdacs/ cgeefonf
ygvufpwdkif;a'oae vlrsKd;rsm;jzpfvmum? olwdkUonf tom;rJolrsm;r[kwfaMumif; tD*spf
vlrsKd;rsm;\ tkwfeH&Hyef;csDum;rsm;uazmfjyonf/
a,I 9;23/ if;tm; rsKd;EG,fwpfckonf tjcm;rsKd;EG,fwpfcktm; tapcH&jcif;udk axmufjy&ef
toHk;jyKvmcJhMuonf/ odkUaomf usrf;pum;qufpyfrIu azmfjyonfrSm *daAmiftrsKd;om;rsm;
onf *sL;vlrsKd;uJhodkUaom rsKd;EG,f0ifrsm;jzpfonf/
{Z&? 9-10ESifh ae[rd13/ usrf;ydk'frsm;udk vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;tjrifjzifh oHk;vmcJhMuaomfvnf;
xdef;jrm;vufxyfjcif;tm; tjypfwif&jcif;rSm rsKd;EG,faMumifhr[kwfbJ (olwdkUonf aem{rS
qif;oufolcsif;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ urmOD;? 10) bmoma&;taMumif; jycsufaMumifhjzpfonf/

c/ "ropfusrf;
1/ c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;
(u) vlrsKd;cGJjcm; rkef;wD;jcif;onf roifhawmfaMumif; jyo&ef a,Ionf *sL;rsm;ESifhSrm&drsm;
tMum; rkef;wD;rItaMumif; rMumcPtoHk;jyK ajymMum;avhSdonf/
(1) aumif;aomSrm&d Oyrm (vkum? 10;25-37)
(2) a&wGif;u trsKd;orD; (a,m[ef? 4)
(3) aus;Zl;odaom temBuD;a&m*gonf (vkum? 17;7-19)
(c) c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;onf vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk;twGufjzpfonf/
(1) a,m[ef 3;16
(2) vkum 24;46-47
(3) a[NAJ 2;9
(4) Asm'dwf 14;6
(*) EdkifiHawmf vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk; yg0ifvdrfhrnf
103

(1) vkum 13;29

(2) Asm'dwf 5

2/ wrefawmf0wK
u/
c/

bk&m;ocifonf
wpfurmvHk;tm;
cspfawmfrlaMumif;ESifh
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf
wpfurmvHk;twGufjzpfaMumif; wrefawmf 10 rSm wdusaomusrf;ydk'fjzpfonf/
aywkonf wrefawmftcef; 11u rdrdtjyKtrlaMumifh wdkufcdkufcHvmcJh&m?wrefawmf 15
a,kSvifaumifpDtpnf;a0; tajz&vmcsdefwdkifatmifjzpfonf/ yxr&mpktwGif; *sL;vlrsKd;ESifh
*sL;r[kwfolrsm;tMum; wif;rmrItvGefjyif;xefcJhonf/

3/ aygvk
(u) c&pfawmftxJ tydkif;tjcm;rSd
1/ *vmwd 3;26-28
2/ {zuf 2;11-22
3/ aum 3;11
(c) bk&m;ocifonf vludkrsufESmvdkufjcif;rSd
1/ a&mr 2;11
2/ {zuf 6;9

4/ aywkESifh ,mukyf
u/ bk&m;ocifonf vludkrsufESmvdkufjcif;rSd/ 1ay? 1;17
c/ bk&m;ocifonf bufvdkufjcif;rSdojzifh olUvlrsKd;onfvnf; bufvdkufjcif;rSd/ ,mukyf? 2;1

5/ a,m[ef
u/ ,HkMunfolrsm;\wm0eftaMumif; tjyif;xefqHk; azmfjyrIwpfck 1a,m 4;20 awGU&onf/

III.

ed*Hk;csKyf
u/ vlrsKd;a&;cGJjcm;rIESifh rnfonfhtrsKd;tpm;jzpfap rsufESmvdkufjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm; ESifh
roifhavsmfacs/ 1964 ckESpfwGif New Mexico jynfe,f Glorieta NrdKUusif;yonfh]]c&pf,mef
toufwm wm0ef0w&m;}}nDvmcH Henlee Barnettee \rdefUcGef;xJrS aumufEkwfcsuf wpfckSdyg
onf/
]]vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;0g'onf ormusrf;pmESifhrudkufnD? c&pf,mefoabmr[kwfojzifh if;rSm rdpm0g'
jzpfonf/ odyHenf;rusojzifh azmfjyajymqdkoifhaomt&mr[kwfacs}}[ljzpf\/
c/ jyemonf c&pf,mefrsm;taejzifh vrf;aysmufaeaomurmBuD;tay: c&pfawmfenf;wl cspfjcif;
arwm? cGifhvTwfrIESifh em;vnfrISdaMumif;jyo&ef tcGifhaumif;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf u@
tm; jiif;qefonfhtcg ,HkMunfol\,HkMunfjcif;? pdwfcs&rIESifhBuD;xGm;rItm; [efYwm;aESmifhaES;ap
&efrm&fewftwGuf tcGifhaumif;jzpfaponf/ if;onf vrf;aysmufolrsm; c&pfawmfxHvm&ef twm;
tqD;vnf;jzpfaeayrnf/
*/ uREfkyfbmvkyfEdkifrnfenf;/ (u@tm;]]c&pf,meftoufwm wm0ef0w&m;}}tzGJU\]]vlrsKd;csif;quf
qHa&;}}ac:pmapmifrS ,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/)

104

]]wpfOD;csif;tqifh}}
vlrsKd;a&;qdkif&mjyemrsm; ajzSif;&m rdrdudk,fwdkif wm0ef0w&m;SdaMumif; vufcHyg/
vlrsKd;aG; rsufESmvdkufrItm; rdrd\toufwmrS z,fSm;ypf&ef qkawmif;jcif;? ormusrf;pm
avhvmjcif;ESifh tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;ESifh rdwfo[m,jyKjcif;tm;jzifh tm;xkwfyg/
vlrsKd;a&;rkef;wD;rIvSKHUaqmfolrsm; pdrfac:jcif;rcH&&mae&mrsm;? vlrsKd;a&;qdkif&m rdrd\em;vnf
oabmaygufrItm; azmfxkwfjyoyg/

]]rdom;pk toufwm}}
tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;tay: pdwfaeoabmxm; wdk;wufrItm; rdom;pktaejzifh jyoay:vGifap&ef
ta&;BuD;yHktm; todtrSwfjyKyg/
rdom;pkjyify vlrsKd;a&;taMumif; rdrdwdkUMum;cJh&jcif;rsm;tm; om;orD;rsm;ESifhrdbrsm; twlajym
qdkjcif;jzifh rdrdwdkU\c&pf,mefpdwfoabmxm;tm; zGHUNzdK;ap&ef BudK;pm;yg/
tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;taMumif;? vlrsm;ESifhajymqdk&m rdbrsm;onf c&pf,mefyHkoufaojyo&ef
*kpdkuf&rnf/
tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;ESifh rdom;pkcsif;? rdwfaqGjzpf&ef tcGifhta&;rsm;SmazGyg/

]]oif\toif;awmf}}
vlrsKd;a&;qdkif&m ormusrf;pmyg ormw&m;a[majym? oifMum;jcif;tm;jzifh toif;awmfonf
rdrdwdkU\todkif;t0dkif;wpfckvHk; yHkoufaojyoEdkifonf/
toif;awmfwGif; 0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;? rdwfo[m,jyKjcif;ESifh trIaqmifGufjcif;rsm; "ropf
toif;awmfrsm; vlrsKd;cGJjcm;rIrjyKcJhMuonfenf;wl vlwdkif;twGuf vrf;zGifhay;jcif;SdrSd
aocsmapyg/ ({zuf? 2;11-22/ *vmwd? 3;26-29)

]]aeUpOftoufwm}}
urmay:tvkyfvkyfudkif&m vlrsKd;cGJjcm;jcif; udp&yftm;vHk; atmifjrifausmfvTm;Edkif&ef ulnDyg/
wdkufcdkuf&efrSmvlrsKd;a&;jyemjzpfNyD;? vlyk*dKvfr[kwfaMumif; owd&vsuf vlrItzGJUtpnf;
rsKd;pHk tvkyfvkyf&mwGif wef;wlnDrQaomtcGifhta&;ESifh tcGifhaumif;rsm; aocsmxdef;xm;yg/
&nfG,fcsufrSm em;vnfrIjrifhwif&efjzpfNyD;? cg;onf;rIzefwD;&ef r[kwfacs/
vlkrsKd;csif;qufqHa&;wdk;jrifhay;&ef? vlxktwGif; taxGaxGynmay;&efESifh wdusaomvkyfaqmif
rIrsm;jyK&ef? todkif;t0dkif;twGif; qufoG,fa&;vrf;aMumif;rsm; yGifhvmap&ef &nfG,fcsufxm;
Sdvsuf? aMumifhuspdk;&drfrISdolrsm;yg0ifonfh txl;aumfrDwDwpfcktm; tqifajyrnfqdkygu
zGJUpnf;yg/
vlrsKd;a&;qdkif&m w&m;rQwrItm;jrifhwif&efESifh EkdifiHa&;tjrwfxkwf&ef rsufESmvdkufrIrsm;tm;
toHk;csolrsm;udk qefUusifonfh Oya'jyXgef;jcif;ESifh Oya'jyKolrsm;tm; axmufcHtm;ay;yg/
Oya'twnfjyKolrsm;onf cGJjcm;jcif;rSdbJ twnfjyKEdkif&ef Oya'twnfjyKolt&mSdrsm;tm;
axmufcHtm;ay;yg/
Oya'ygtcsuftvufrsm;onf cGJjcm;rItm;jrifhwifrnfh olrsm;vufxJ vufeufozG,fjzpfr
vmap&ef c&pf,mefEdkifiHom;wpfOD;taejzifh rdrdvkyfEkdiforQt&mtm;vHk;vkyfum? tMurf;zufrI
tm;aSmifvsuf? w&m;Oya' dkaoav;pm;rItm; jrifhwifyg/
vlom;csif; qufqHa&;u@wdkif; c&pfawmf\pdwf0dnmOfESifh oabmxm;tm; erlem,lyg/
105

NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om) bmomusrf ; / 2;12-16

12
ynwfw&m;udkrodbJ jypfrSm;orQaomolwdkUonf ynwfw&m;rJh ysufpD;jcif;odkUa&mufMuvdrfh
rnf/ ynwfw&m;vufatmuf jypfrSm;orQaomolwdkUonf ynwfw&m;\pD&ifjcif; cH&Muvdrfhrnf/
13
taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;Mum;emolrsm;onf bk&m;ocifhaSU ajzmifhrwfonfr[kwf/ ynwf
14
w&m;udkusifhaomolonfomvQif ajzmifhrwf&modkUa&mufvdrfhrnf/ ynwfw&m;rSdaom omoemyvl
wdkUonf ynwfw&m;awmfygaomt&mrsm;udk tvdktavsmufusifhaomtcg? ynwfw&m;rSdaom
olwdkUtwGuf xdkt&mrsm;onf olwdkU\ynwfw&m;yifjzpfonf/ 15olwdkU\ udk,fudkudk,foda ompdwf
onf oufaocHojzifh olwdkU\tawG;onf rdrdwdkUtm; tjypfwifvdkuf? tumtuG,fay;vdkufjzifh
wvSnfhpDjzpfae&m? ynwfw&m;awmf\tvkyftm; olwdkYESvHk;om;xJa&;om;xm;aMumif;jyonf/
16
ig\{0Ha*vdw&m;ESifhtnD? bk&m;ocifonf w&m;pD&ifawmfrlaomaeU vlwdkU\vQKdU0Sufcsufrsm;udk
c&pfawmfa,Itm;jzifh pD&ifawmfrlvwHh/
2;12 ]]ynwfw&m;udkrodbJ? jypfrSm;orQaomolwdkUonf/}}"ra[mif;usrf;(0g)c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;udk rMum;
bl;olrsm;yifjzpfap? vlom;tm;vHk; wm0efSdonf[k bk&m;ocifrSwf,layvdrfhrnf/ vlom;tm;vHk;onf
zefqif;aomt&mrsm;rSwpfqifh (1;19-20/ qmvH 19;1-6 ESifh yifudktm;jzifh udk,fusifhw&m;udk odwwfjcif;
(2;14-15) rsm;rSwqifh bk&m;ocifESifhqdkifaom todtjriftcsKdU&Muonfomjzpf\/ 0rf;enf;p&maumif;
onfrSm vlwdkif;rdrd&Sdaomtvif;w&m;tm; wrifoufoufazgufzsufaeMuonf/ (1;21-23/ 3;9? 19? 23/
11;32/ *vmwd 3;22)

]]ynwfw&m;awmf/}}ynwfw&m;awmf ]]law}}qdkaoma0g[m&]]the}}qdkonfh wpHkw&mtm; oD;oefY&nf

nTef;onfh toHk;tEIef;rSdacs/ odkUaomf a&mrMo0g'pm aygvk\toHk;tEIef;rSm]]the law}}[ljzpfNyD; atmuf
ygwdkUudk &nfnTef;onf/
1/ a&mrw&m; Oya'
2/ armaS\ynwfw&m;
3/ vlrIa&;qdkif&m a,bk,st,ltq
pum;vHk;tm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? usrf;pum;tquftpyfrsm;jzifh tav;teufjyKMuonfrSm vlwdkif; rdrd
pdwfESvHk;rsm;txJ bk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,frdrdoabm0tm;jzifh zGifhjyaomodjrifrItcsKdUSdaMumif;yifjzpfonf/
(i,f15)

2;13 ]]taMumif;rlum;? ynwfw&m;Mum;emolrsm;onf bk&m;ocifhaSU ajzmifhrwfonfr[kwf}}

]]Mum;emolrsm;}}[laom a0g[m&onf (1) ynwfawmfusrf; oifMum;olrsm;ESifhqdkifaom oD;oefUtoHk;tEIef;
odkUr[kwf (2) w&m;Z&yfrsm; ormusrf;pmzwfIonfudk Mum;emcJholrsm;tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/
"ropfusrf;a&;om;olrsm;onf Koine *&dpum;jzihfa&;um a[NAJtawG;jzifh awG;ac:olrsm;jzpfaMumif; owd&
yg/ xdkUaMumifh pum;vHk;pDppfrIonf *&dtbd"gefr[kwfbJ Septuagint ("ra[mif; *&dvdkbmomjyefusrf;)jzifh
tpjyK&ayrnf/
]]ajzmifhrwfonf}}(0g)]]ajzifhrwfapjcif;cH&onf}}[laoma0g[m&onf (dik) aygvk\"roabmw&m;
tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ (3;4? 20?24? 26? 28? 30/ 4;2?5/ 5;1?9/ 6;7/ 8;30?33)/ ]]ajzmifhrwfonf}}(just)?
]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}(justify)]]ajzmifhrwfapjcif;}}(justification)?]]rSefonf}}(right)?]]rSefuefjcif;}}(righteousness)?
106

wdkUtm;vHk;rSm dikaios rSvmonf/ (jrefrmusrf;pmrl justificationESihf righteousness ESpfckpvHk;tm;]]ajzmifhrwf

&m wnfaponf^wnfapjcif;[l awGU&onf)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m; 1;17Munfh
yg/ a[NAJpum;vHk;(tsadag, BDB 843)\rl&if;rSm tkwfeH&Hrsm;? jcHpnf;dk;rsm;wdkif;wm&ef csdefoD;tjzpfoHk;aom
Snfajzmifhwef;onfh(15-20ay)usLvHk;jzpfonf/ if;onf w&m;pD&if&mpHtjzpf bk&m;ociftaMumif;
wifpm;azmfjyrItwGuf toHk;jyKaomt&mjzpfvmonf/
aygvk\ta&;tom; if;a0g[m&wGif tcsufESpfckSdonf/ wpf? bk&m;ocifSdaom ajzmihfrwfjcif;
tm;? c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh tcrJhvufaqmiftjzpf tjypfSdolvlom;udkay;tyfonf/ if;udk oGwf
oGif;ay;aomajzmifhrwfjcif;(0g)w&m;Oya'qdkif&m ajzmifhrwfjcif;[kac:onf/ if;onf ajzmifhrwfawmfrlol
bk&m;ocif\aSUawmfarSmuf w&m;Oya'qdkif&m &yfwnfrItm;&nfnTef;onf/ if;onf aygvk\emrnf
ausmf ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh ajzmifhrwf&m wnfapjcif;}}ac: w&m;\rl&if;jzpfonf/
ESpftcsufrSm tjypfSdaomvlom;tm; rdrd\o@efawmftwdkif; jyefvnfjzpfvmapaom bk&m;ocif\
vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/ (urmOD;? 1;26-27)odkUr[kwf c&pfawmfESifhwlvmapjcif;jzpfonf/ tcef;i,fonf
,HkMunfolrsm;tm; w&m;emolrsm;omvQifr[kwfbJ? w&m;twdkif; jyKusifholrsm;jzpfvm&ef awmif;qdkaom
usrf;ydk'frsm;ESifhwlonf/ if;wdkUrSm rJ? 7;24/ vkum? 8;21ESifh11;28/ a,m[ef? 13;17/ ,mukyf? 1;22?
23?25wdkUjzpfonf/ oGwfoGif;ay;aomajzmifhrwfjcif;onf ajzmifhrwfaomtoufwm(oefUSif;pifMu,fjcif;)udk
jzpfyGg;ap&ygrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf tjypfom;rsm; tjypfvTwfkHrQomr[kwfbJ? ajymif;vJoGm;aponfh
aygvk\ toHk;tEIef;rSm w&m;Oya'qdkif&mESifh usifh0wfw&m;qdkif&m ESpfrsKd;pvHk;twGufjzpfonf/ y#dnmOf
w&m;opfonf vlom;rsm;tm; w&m;Oya'qdkif&m&yfwnfrIudkomru bk&m;w&m;ESifhtnD toufSifjcif; yHkpH
rsKd;udkvnf;awmif;qdkonf/ if;rSm tcrJhjzpfaomfvnf; wefbdk;BuD;rm;vSygbd\!

]]ynwfw&m;twdkif; usifhaomol}}/ bk&m;ocifonf emcHwwfaomtoufSifjcif;yHkpHrsKd; awmif;qdk

onf/ (0wfjyK 18;5/ rJ 7;24-27/ vkum 8;21/ 11;28/ a,m[ef 13;17/ ,mukyf 1;22-25/ 2;1428)/ t,ltqonf a[NAJa0g[m& shema (BDB 1033)ESifh rsm;pGmqifwlum? Mum;onfhtwdkif;vkyf&ef
[laomt"dyg,fSdonf/ (w&m;a[m 5;1/ 6;4/ 9;1/ 20;3/ 27;9-10)
2;14
NASB

NKJV

NRSV

TEV

]]ynwfw&m;rSdaom omoemyvlwdkUonf ynwfw&m;ESifhqdkifaomt&mrsm;udk tvdkt

avsmufusifhaomtcg? ynwfw&m;rSdaomolwdkUtwGuf? xdkt&mrsm;onf olwdkUynwf
w&m;yif jzpfoGm;onf/}}
]]ynwfw&m;rSdaomomoemyvlwdkUonf ynwf w&m;ygSdaomt&mrsm;udk obm0tm;jzifh
usifhonfhtcg? ynwfw&m;rSdMuaomfvnf; xdkt&mrsm;onf olwdkU ynwfw&m;yifjzpf
oGm;onf/
]]ynwfw&m;rydkifqdkifaom omoemyvlwdkUonf ynwfw&m;awmif;qdkaomt&mudk tvdk
tavsmufusifhaomtcg ynwfw&m;rSdMuaomfvnf; xdkt&mrsm;onf olwdkU ynwfw
&m;yifjzpfoGm;onf/
]]omoemyvlwdkU ynwfw&m;rSdaomfvnf;ynwfw&m;\ynwfcsufrsm;udk rdrdwdkUoabm
jzifh vGwfvyfpGmusifhMuonfhtcg? olwdkUynwfw&m;rSdaomfvnf; ? if;wdkUonf olwdkU
ynwfw&m;yif jzpfoGm;onf/
107

NJB

]]om"utm;jzifh ynwfw&m;rMum;cJhbl;ol omoemyvlrsm;onf rdrd\aMumif;usKd; qifjcif

rI\vrf;jyrIjzifh ynwfw&m;\ynwfcsufrsm;udk usifhMuaomtcg? ynwfw&m;udk wu,f
wrf; rydkifqdkifMuaomfvnf; if;wdkUudk ynwfw&m;[kajymEkdifonf/

vlrsKd;wdkif; vlrIa&;pHxm;&mjzpfaom? t&if;cHudk,fusihfw&m;SdMuonf/ olwdkU rdrdwdkU&Sdaomtvif;

w&m;tay: wm0efSdMuonf/ (1aum 9;21)/ rdrdwdkUvlrsKd;\ ,Ofaus;rItvif;w&m;twdkif;usifhygu bk&m;
ocifESifhrSefuefEdkifonf[k qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;? rdrdwdkUyifudk,ftm;jzifh bk&m;ociftm; odSd&jcif;
tay:wm0efSdMuonf/
2;15 ]]olwdkU\ udk,fudkudk,fodaompdwfonf oufaocHojzifh olwdkU\tawG;onf rdrdwdkUtm; tjypf
wifvdkuf? tumtuG,fay;vdkufjzifh wvSnfhpDjzpfae&m}}ae&m udk,fusihfw&m;qdkif&mtwGif; tZKw
toH[lSdonf/ odkUaomf ormusrf;pmtm; 0dnmOfawmf\em;vnfoabmaygufapjcif;onfomvQif
tjynfht0,HkMunfpdwfcs&onf/ tjypfxJusqif;jcif;onf uRefawmfwdkU\udk,fudkudk,fodwwfjcif; (Mowy
pdwf)udk xdkcdkufcJhjcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ rnfodkUjzpfap vltcsKdUwdkUonf zefqif;jcif;(1;18-20)ESifh udk,fusihf
w&m;qdkif&m twGif;tZKwtoH(2;14-15)tm; ydkifqdkifxm;Muonf/ *&dpum;vHk; ]]udk,fudkudk,f odwwf
aompdwf}}(0g) ]]tqdk;taumif;cGJjcm;odjrifwwfaom pdwf}}ac:Mowypdwf}}(syneidesis)ESifhwlnDaom a[NAJ
pum;vHk;rSdacs/ tqdk;taumif; cGJjcm;odwwfjcif;wnf;[laom udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m vdyfjympdwf t,ltq
taMumif; *&dawG;ac:Sif stoic *dkPf;om;rsm;(csKyfwnf;onf;cHjcif; t,l0g')u rMumcPaqG;aEG;Muonf/
aygvkonf *&d awG;ac:Sifrsm;taMumif; wmINrdKU ynmoifMum;pOf aumif;pGm oduRrf;cJhonf/ (Clenthes
tm; wrefawmf 17;28/ Menandar tm; 1aum 15;33 ESifh Epimenides tm; wdwk 1;12 wdkU &nfnTef;
onf)/ olarG;zGm;&m wmINrdKUrSm *&dvlrsKd;wdkU\ w&m;a[mjcif;twwfynmESifh *&d'eduynmoifausmif;
rsm; taumif;qHk;Sd&mt&yf[k emrnf&onf/
2;16 ]]aomaeU}} 2;5 \rSwfcsufMunfhyg/
]]iga[majymaom

{0Ha*vdw&m;ESifhtnD}}aygvka[majymonfhzGifhjyrIrsm;ukd &nfnTef;aMumif;? usrf;p

um;tquftpyfjzifhjyoonf/ ]]ig}}[laompum;vHk;onf olUtm;tyfESif;xm;onfh {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;
qkdif&m b@mxdef;t&mtm; aygvkem;vnfoabmaygufyHkudk xif[yfaponf/ (16;25/ 1aum 15;1/
*vmwd 1;11/ 1wd 1;11/ 2wd 2;8)/ tpa&;r[kwfaom wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf wrefawmfBuD;tjzpf?
a,ItaMumif; ormw&m;tm; *&d,Ofaus;rIvGrf;rdk;onfh a&mrtifyg,mtwGif; ysHUEHSUapa&;twGuf rdrd
wm0efSdyHktm; tHhMowkefvIyfbG,f&mcHpm;yHkudk xif[yfaponf/
]]vl w d k U \vQKd U 0S u f c suf r sm;ud k

pD&ifawmfrlvwHh}} bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vHk;\pdwfESvHk;wdkUudk odSd

onf/(1"r 2;7/ 16;7/ 3"r 8;39/ 1&mZ0ifcsKyf 28;9/ 2&mZ0ifcsKyf 6;30/ qmvH 7;9/ 44;21/ 139;1-6/
okwH 15;11/ 21;2/ a,&rd 11;20/ 17;10/ 20;12/ vkum 15;16/ wrefawmf 1;24/ 15;8/ a&mr 8;27/
Asm 2;23)/ crnf;awmfbk&m;onf om;awmf\udk,fpm;vS,f aqmifGufrItm;jzifh vlwdkU\jyKrlvkyfaqmifrI
rsm;ESihf bmaMumifh xdkodkUjyKrlvkyfaqmifaMumif;tm; w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&mtjrifjzifh jyefvnfpDppfvdrfhrnf/
(rJ 25;31-46/ Asm'dwf 20;11-15)/
108

]]c&pf a wmf a ,I r S w qif h } }a,Ionf

w&m;olBuD;tjzpfaqmifGuf&ef <uvmcJhjcif;r[kwfacs/ (a,m[ef

3;17-21)crnf;awmfbk&m;tm;zGifhjy&ef? udk,fpm;jyKtaocH&efESifh ,HkMunfolrsm;vdkufem&ef Oyrmay;bdkU
<uvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ vlrsm;onf a,Itm;jiif;qefMuonfhtcg rdrdudk,frdrd w&m;pD&ifMujcif;jzpfonf/
odkUwap a,Ionf w&m;pD&if&m crnf;awmfudk,fpm; aqmifGufvdrfhrnf[lvnf; "ropfusrf;u
oGefoifonf/ (a,m[ef 5;22?27/ wrefawmf 10;42/ 17;31/ 2wd 4;1)/ a,Ionf w&m;olBuD;avm?
u,fwifaomtSifavm[lonfh wif;rmrIudk a,m[efc&pf0ifusrf; awGUEdkifonf/ (3;17-21/ 9;39)/
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om) bmomjyef u srf ; / /2;17-24
17
odkUaomfvnf; ,k'vl[k orkwfjcif;udkcHaomol? ynwfw&m;awmfudk udk;pm;aomol? bk&m;
18
ocifudktrSDjyK? 0g<um;aomol tvdkawmfudkodSdaomol? ynwfw&m;awmftm;jzifh oGefoifjcif;cH&
19
aomoljzpfum? rSdrjzpf ta&;BuD; t&mrsm;udk odaomoljzpfonfESifhtnD vluef;wdkUtm; vrf;jy
aomol? arSmifrdkufaexdkifolwdkUudk vif;apaomol 20rdkufrJaomolwdkUudk qHk; raomol? r&ifhusuf
aomolrsm;\q&morm;? ynwfw&m;awmfrS todynmudkvnf;aumif;? ormw&m;ygSdaomt&m
wdkUudkvnf; aumif; odSdoltjzpf rdrdudk,frdrd rSwf,lonfrSefvQif 21olwyg;udk oGefoifaomoifonf
rdrdudk,frdrd roifoavm? rcdk;&[l olwyg;udk oGefoifaomoifonf? rdrdudk,fwdkif cdk;,lxavmh?
22
olwyg;r,m;udk rjypfrSm;&[l olwyg;tm;oGefoifa omoifonf rdrdudk,fwdkif olYr,m;udkjypfrSm;
oavm? kyfwkudkGHSmaomoifonf AdrmefawmfudkazgufxGif;cdk;,loavm? 23ynwfw&m;awmfudk trSD
jyK 0g<um;aomoifonf ynwfw&m;awmfudkvGe fusL;ojzifh bk&m;ocif\*kPftoa&awmftm;
ysufjym;apoavm/ 24taMumif;rlum;? usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnD bk&m;ocif\emrawmfonf oifwdkY
aMumifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;Mum; Iwfcsjcif;cH&\/
2;17 ]]rSefvQif}}(if )if;rSm yxrwef;pm; cRif;csufyg0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD;? pma&;oltjrifrSefonf[k rSwf,lxm;
jcif;(0g) ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ tajctaeonf tcef;i,f20txdjzpfaomfvnf; ed*Hk;csKyfjcif;rjyKojzifh
TEV onf if;wdkUtm; a,IjyKcJhjcif;tjzpfrSwf,lum twnf0gustjzpf bmomjyefonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkUonf
rdrdwdkYrsKd;EG,f? "avhxHk;wrf;ESifhvkyfaqmifrIrsm;onf rdrdwdkYtm;u,fwifjcif;ay;vdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfcJhMuonf/
(rJ 3;9/ a,m[ef 8;33?37?39)/

]]bk&m;ocifudktrSDjyK 0g<um;/}} *sL;vlrsKd;trsm;tjym; tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKMuonfrSm (1) tmjA[H\

trsKd;tEG,fjzpf&jcif;ESifh (2) bk&m;ocif\vufoifhcHrI&ap&ef armaS\ynwfw&m;ESifhqdkifaom rdrdwdkU\
vkyfaqmifrIrsm;jzpfonf/ rnfodkUjzpfap ynwfawmftm;jzifh olwdkYudk,folwdkY ajzmifhrwfapjcif;w&m;onf
olwdkYtm; bk&m;ocifxHawmfrS cGJxGufoGm;aponf/ (rJ 5;20/ *vmwd 3)aMuuGJbG,f&m ajymif;jyef
tusKd;oufa&mufrIygwum;!
aygvkonf 0g<um;jcif;oabmw&m;tm; 1aum&dEKMo0g'pm touf0ifaponf/ aygvkonf rme
axmifvTm;aomtpa&;ESifh*&dvlrsKd;wdkU\ ynmrmeESpfrsKd;vHk; &ifqdkifcJhonf/ tqHk;tjzwfay;aom tjzpfrSefrSm
bk&m;ocifrsufarSmufawmf b,folrQ0g<um;p&m Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwf[ljzpf\/

109

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/ 0g<um;jcif;

*&da0g[m&rsm;jzpfonfhkauchaomai,
kauchma
ESifhkauchsis
wdkUudk
aygvku
oHk;q,fhig;BudrfcefYoHk;cJh &m"ropfusrf; tjcm;ESpfae&moHk;onf/ (ESpfckpvHk; ,mukyf)if;tm; 1 ESifh
2aum&dEKMo0g'pmrsm; ydk oHk;onf/
0g<um;jcif;ESifhqufpyfaom ormw&m;ESpfck t"duawGU&onf/
bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmf rnfolrQ 0g<um;&vdrfhrnfr[kwfacs/ (1aum 1;29/ {zuf 2;9)/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf ocifbk&m; 0g<um;&ayrnf/ (1aum 1;31/ a,&rd 9;23?24 udk &nfnTef;onfh
2aum 10;17)
xdkUaMumifh oifhavsmfaom0g<um;jcif;ESifh roifhavsmfaom0g<um;jcif; (Oyrm - rme)

u/ oifhavsmfaom 0g<um;jcif;
1/ bkef;wefcdk;awmftm; arQmfvifjhcif; (a&mr 4;2)
2/ ocifa,Itm;jzifh bk&m;ocifaMumifh 0g<um;jcif; (a&mr 5;11)
3/ ocifa,Ic&pfawmf\vuf0g;uyfwdkifw&m;awmfaMumifh (aygvk\t"duOD;wnfcsufrSm 1aum
1;17-18/ *vmwd 6;14)
4/ aygvk0g<um;onfrSm
(u) tcaMu;aiGr,lbJ trIawmfaqmifGufjcif; (1aum 9;15?16/ 2aum 10;12)
(c) c&pfawmfay;aom rdrd\tcGifhtmPm (2aum 10;8?12)
(*) tjcm;olrsm;\vkyfaqmifrItm;jzihf r0g<um;jcif;(aum&dEKNrdKUSd vltcsKdUuJhodkU aum 10;15)
(C) rdrd\rsKd;kd;tarGaMumifh (aum&dEKNrdKUSdvltcsKdUuJhodkU-2aum 11;17/ 12;1?5?6)
(i) olpwifonfhtoif;awmfrsm;
(1) aum&dEK (2aum 7;4? 14/ 8;24/ 9;2/ 11;10)
(2) oufomavmed (2ouf 1;4)
(3) bk&m;ocif\ESpfodrfhrIESifh u,frjcif;tm; ,HkMunfpdwfcsrISdjcif;/ (2aum 1;12)

c/ roifhavQmfaom 0g<um;jcif;
1/ *sL;jzpfjcif;aMumifh qufcH&SdonfhtarGaMumifh (a&mr 2;17?23/ 3;27/ *vmwd 6;13)
2/ aum&dEKtoif;awmftwGif; vltcsKdU0g<um;MuonfrSm
(u) vlrsm;aMumifh (1aum 3;21)
(c) OmPfynmaMumifh (1aum 4;7)
(*) vGwfvyfoljzpfjcif;aMumifh (1aum 5;6)
3/ q&morm;twkta,mifwdkUonf aum&dEKtoif;awmftwGif; 0g<um;cGifh&SdEkdif&ef BudKpm;Muonf/
(2aum 11;12)
2;18 ]]ESpfouf/}}(approve) if;onf *&dBud,m dokimaz \ PRESENT
onf/ prf;oyfjcif;ESifhqdkifaom atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg/

110

ACTIVE INDICATIVE

yHkpHjzpf

txl;taMumif;t&m/
t"dyg,fyGg;rsm;

/prf;oyfjcif;twGuf *&da0g[m&rsm;ESifh if;wdkU\

&nfG,fcsufwpfcktwGuf wpHkwa,muftm;prf;oyfjcif; (ppfaMumjcif;)[lt"dyg,fSdaom *&da0g[m&ESpf

vHk;Sdonf/

1/ Dokimaz, Dokimion, Dokimasia

a0g[m&rSm owKypnf;qdkif&m a0g[m&jzpfNyD; wpHkw&m\ppfrSefrItm; rD;jzifhprf;oyfjcif;udk
vltm;&nfnTef;um wifpm;oHk;EIef;jcif;jzpfonf/ rD;onf ypnf;wpfcktm; owKppfppfjzpfaMumif;azmfjy
um tnpftaMu;? trIdufodkufrsm; avmifuRrf;(oefYpif)oGm;aponf/ owKypnf;oHk;aom vkyfxHk;
vkyfenf;onf bk&m;ocifESifhpmwefrm&fewf(0g)vlom;rsm;twGuf tjcm;olrsm;tm; prf;oyf? ppfaMum&ef
tm;ygvSaomtoHk;tEIef;wpfckjzpfvmonf/ a0g[m&udk tjyKoabmprf;oyfrIjyKjcif;om toHk;jyKNyD;?
vufoihfcHjcif;jyK&ef &nfG,fcsufjzifh vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/ if;udk "ropfusrf; prf;oyfjcif;twGuf
toHk;jyKyHkwdkUrSm
u/ EGm;xD; - vkum 14;19
c/ rdrdwdkUudk,fwdkif - 1aum 11;28
*/ rdrdwdkU\,HkMunfrI - ,mukyf 1;3
C/ bk&m;ociftm;f - a[NAJ 3;9
prf;oyfrI (jrefrmusrf;pm ]]pHkprf;? pHkprf;aESmifh,Suf? ppfaMumpHkprf;}} )rsm;\&vm'frSm taumif;buf
jzpf&ef arQmfvifhjcif;jzpfonf/ (a&mr 1;28/ 14;22/ 16;10? 2aum 10;18/ 13;3/ zdvdyd 2;27/ 1ay
1;7)/ xdkUaMumifh a0g[monf wpHkwa,muftm; prf;oyfNyD;? auseyfESpfoufp&mjzpfapjcif; oabm
jzpfonf/
(u) xdkufwefrISdap&ef
(c) aumif;rGefap&ef
(*) ppfrSefap&ef
(C) wefbdk;Sdap&ef
(i) *kPfjyKjcif;cHap&ef
2/ Peiraz, Peirasmus
a0g[m&onf tjypfSm&ef(0g)jiif;y,f&ef&nfG,fcsufjzifh prf;oyfppfaq;jcif;[laom t"dyg,fSdonf/
if;udk oJuEm&xJ a,Itm;pHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;ESifhqufpyf oHk;avhSdonf/
(u) if;onf a,Itm;axmifacsmufqif&ef tm;xkwfjcif;oabmudk azmfjyonf/ (rJ 4;1/ 16;1/
19;3/ 22;18?35/ rmuk 1;13/ vkum 4;38/ a[NAJ 2;18)
(c) a0g[m& (peirazn)udk rm&fewf\emrnfwpfrsKd;tjzpf rJ 4;3/ 1ouf 3;5wdkUoHk; onf/
(*) bk&m;udkprf;oyfjcif;(tpHktprf;jyKjcif;)rjyK&ef BudKwifowday;&m a,ItoHk;jyKonf/ (rJ 14;7/
vkum 4;12/ (0g)c&pfawmfudk-1aum 10;9)/ if;tm; IH;edrfhcJhNyD;(0g)ratmif rjrifjzpfcJhaom
t&mwpfcktm; jzpfajrmufvm&ef tm;xkwfjcif;tm; azmfjy&efvnf;oHk;onf/ (wrefawmf 9;20/
20;21/ a[NAJ 11;29)/ if;udk ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; pHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;ESifh ppfaMumjcif;rsm;(trials)
ESifhqdkifoHk;onf/ (1aum 7;5/ 10;9?13/ *vmwd 6;1/ 1ouf 3;5/ a[NAJ 2;18/ ,mukyf
1;2?13?14/ 1ay 4;12/ 2ay 2;9)/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;rsm;xH &efoloHk;rsKd;(avmu? aoG;om;
ZmwdESifhrm&fewf)tm; wdusaomtcsdefESihfae&m ay:vm&efcGifhjyKonf/
111

]]ynwfw&m;}}ti,f 17 onf *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;taMumif;jzpfojzifh]]ynwfw&m;}}qdkonfrSm a[aS\ynwf

w&m;udkqdkvdkonf/ ti,f 25 ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;taMumif;ygSdjcif;onf if;udk twnfjyKonf/
2;18-20 *sL;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf rdrdwdkU\vrf;(*sL;bmom)onf rSefaomvrf;? bk&m;ocifxHawmf oGm;&m
wpfckwnf;aomvrf;tjzpf ,HkMunfcJhMuonf/ olwdkUonf bmoma&;qdkif&mudp&yfrsm; rSefuefaomq&m
rsm;tjzpf rdrdudk,frdrd,HkMunfcJhMuonf/ (rJ 15;14)/ tcGifhxl;&jcif;onf wm0ef0w&m;udkvnf; ,laqmif
vmonf/ (vkum 12;48)
tvm;wlpum;pkrsm;onf olwdkU\,HkMunfrIESihfqdkifonf (rJ 15;14/ 23;16?24/ vkum 6;39)
1/ rsufuef;rsm;tm; vrf;jyoli,f 19
2/ tarSmifxJSdolrsm;twGuf tvif;? i,f 19
3/ rdkufrJolrsm;tm; oGefoifol? i,f 20
4/ r&ifhusufaomolrsm;twGuf q&morm;? i,f 20
5/ ynwfawmf yg0ifaomtodynmESifh ormw&m;tm; odSd&jcif;? i,f 20
2;21-24 rdrd\emcHEdkifrIudk tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKrnfqdkygu xdkemcHrIonf tjynfht0emcHjcif;jzpf&ygrnf/
(rJ 5;20?48/ *vmwd 3;10/ w&m;a[m 27;26ESifh ,mukyf 2;10)/ if;rSm usqif;cJhNyD;jzpfaomvlom;
twGuf rjzpfEkdifaomt&mjzpfonf/ aygvkonf rdrd\*sL;vlrsKd;pmIolrsm;tm; ar;cGef;rsm;ar;jref;onf/ i,f
21-23
2;22 ti,f 22-23 aygvkrnfonfht&mtm; &nfnTef;aMumif;odSd&ef cufcJonf/ a&;om; azmfjyrIonf
aygvkacwfumv *sL;vlrsKd;trsm;pkESihfrudkufnDojzihf? a,Iu ynwfawmftm; rJ 5;20-48 teufjyef
jcif;ay;aomyHkpHrsKd;jzifh 0dnmOfa&;&moabm toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ George Ladd onf rdrda&;om;jyKpk
onfh A Theology of the New Testament pmtkyfajymonfrSm ]]bk&m;ocifESifhom xdkufwefonfh *kPfto
a&tm; rdrdwdkUtwGufvk,ljcif;? 0dnmOfa&;&m tjcm;olrsm;\r,m;ESihfjypfrSm;ol enf;wljzpfjcif;? w&m;ol
BuD;uJhodkU rdrdwdkUudk,frdrd csD;ajrmufum? bk&m;ocifom jyK&rnfhqufuyfrItm; rxDrJhjrifjyKjcif;ESifh rdrdwdkU
enf;wl tzefqif;cHvlow0gcsif;wdkUtay: tSifociftjzpf jyKrIjcif;wdkUtaMumif;tm; aygvk&nfnTef;ae
jcif;jzpf&ayrnf/}} pmrsufESm 505/
2;22]]kyfwkudkGHUSm}}ykyfodk;aomt&mwpfckqDrS vSnfhxGufoGm;jcif;onf a0g[m&\t"dyg,f&if;jzpfonf/
]]Adrmefudk azgufxGif;cdk;,loavm}}if;onf rnfonfht&mtm;nTef;qdkaMumif; ordkif;aMumif;t& aocsm
rod&aomfvnf; kyfwkqif;wkudk;uG,fjcif;ESifh qufpyfonf/
2;23 ]]0g<um;}}txl;taMumif;t&m/

/ 0g<um;jcif; - 2;17 Munfhyg/

2;24 if;udk *&d"ra[mif;usrf;\a[Sm, 52;5 rS ,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ y#dnmOfw&m;tm; apmifhxdef;jcif;

aMumifh tpa&;vlrsKd;tm; bk&m;ocifaumif;csD;ay;jcif;onf (w&m;a[m 27-28)urmavmutwGuf
oufaowpf&yfjzpfonf/ odkUaomf tpa&;onf xdky#dnmOfw&m;udk apmifhxdef;jcif; rSdcJhbl;ojzifh? urmonf
bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;udkomvQif awGUjrifcJh&onf/ (a,Zausv 36;22-32)/ tpa&;EkdifiHonf
112

,Zfyka&m[dwfrsm;\ EdkifiHawmftjzpfwnfSdaeum? (xGuf? 19;5-6)wpfurmvHk;tm;

bk&m;ocif)udk ,HkMunfvmap&efjzpfonf/ (urm 12;3/ {zuf 2;11-3;13)
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / uREfkyf (Bob)\{0Ha*vdqdkif&mtjrif 1;5 Munfhyg/

YHWH

(xm0&tSif

NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / / 2;25-29

25
oifonf ynwfw&m;udkusifhvQif ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;tm;jzifhtusKd;Sd\/ odkUaomf ynwfw&m;udk
vGefusL;vQif? oif\ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;onf ta&zsm;rvSD;jcif;jzpfoGm;\/ odkUjzpf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;
udkrcHaomolonf ynwfw&m;\awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk apmifhaSmufvQif? xdkol\ta&zsm;rvSD;jcif;
tjzpfudk ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;uJhodkU rSwf,l&vdrfhrnfr[kwfavm/ 27udk,fcEmta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udk rcHaom
olonf ynwfw&m;udkapmihfaSmufvQif usrf;pmESifht a&zsm;vSD;jcif;Sdvsufyif? ynwfw&m;udkvGef
28
usL;aomoifhudk w&m;pD&ifvdrfhrnfr[kwfavm/ taMumif;rlum; tjyifo@meftm;jzifh ,k'vljzpf
aomolonf ,k'vlrSefr[kwfonfenf;wl? tjyifo@mefaoG;om; ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;onf ta&zsm;
vSD;jcif;trSefr[kwf/ 29okdUaomf twGif;o@meftm;jzifh ,k'vljzpfaomolonf ,k'vltrSefjzpf\/
ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;onfvnf; usrf;a[mif;w&m;tm;jzifhr [kwfbJ? 0dnmOfawmfw&m;tm;jzifh pdwfESvHk;
ESifhpyfqdkif\/ olUudkcsD;rGrf;olrSm vlrsm;r[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocifjzpfownf;/
26

2;25 ]]ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;}}aygvkonf jypfwifa0zefjcif;yHkpHtokH;tEIef; qufvufoHk;aeao;onf/ wpfpHkwpf

a,mufaomolu ]]igwdkUonf tenf;qHk;taejzifhajym&ygu ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;cHolawG r[kwfaybl;vm;}}[l
ar;cGef;xkwfvmEkdifonf/ (urmOD; 17;10-11)/ igwdkUonf tmjA[H\tquftEG,frsm; jzpfMuonf[laom
*sL;vlrsKd;wdkU jrwfEdk;vSonfh tqdktm; yGifhvif;pGmESifh &Jwif;pGmjzifh cGgxkwfypfvdkufonf/ (rJ 3;7-10/
a,m[ef 8;31-59)
ygvufpwdkif;vlrsKd;rsm;uvTJvQif tpa&;\tdrfeD;csif;rsm;tm;vHk; ta&zsm;vSD;Muonf/ ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;
oufoufonf t"dyg,frSdbJ? rdrd&Sdxm;aom,HkMunfjcif;tm; qufvufxdef;odrf;jcif;onfomvQif if;\
qdkvdk&if;jzpfonf/ (i,f 26-27/ w&m;a[m 10;16/ 30;6)/ bmoma&;qdkif&m vkyfdk;vkyfpOftm;vHk; xdkenf;
wljzpfonf/ bmoma&;yk*dKvfrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\y#dnmOfw&m;ygaom rdrdwdkU\wm0ef0w&m;rsm;udk
ab;z,fxm;Muum? if;tm;jzifh &Sdaomaumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;udkom vdkcsifMuavhSdonf/
2;25-26 ]]vQif...vQif...vQif}}/ if;wdkUrSm wwd,wef;pmcRif;csuf0gusrsm;jzpfNyD;? tem*wfumv vkyf
aqmifEkdifacsSdjcif;udk nTef;onf/ tcef;BuD; 2 aygvkajymonfhtaMumif;t&m\aomhcsufrSm emcHjcif;(w&m;
a[m 27-30)jzpfaomfvnf; 3;21-31rl xdkodkUr[kwfacs/ (*vmwd 3)/ emcHjcif;onf u,fwifjcif;\
tusKd;&vm'fjzpfaomfvnf;? aus;Zl;awmfrSm if;\tajccHjzpfonf/ ({zuf 2;8-10)/
2;26-27 tcsKdUaomwpfyg;trsKd;om;(*sL;r[kwfol)wdkUonf rdrdwdkU&Sdaomtvif;w&m;tm; wHkUjyefrIay;Mu
ojzifh ajrmfvifhjcif;ay;onf/ (ti,f 26 \tajztjzpf ]][kwfygonf}}tm; arQmfvifhxm;onf)/ if;twGuf
ormusrf;pmtm;jzifh ay;Ekdifonfhwpfckwnf;aomOyrmrSm wrefawmf 10 u aumaevdjzpfonf/ olonf
bk&m;ocifudkaMumufGHUum? *sL;w&m;Z&yf 0wfjyKoljzpfojzifh usrf;ydk'fESifh oihfawmfjcif;rSdvSacs/ *sL;vl
rsKd;rsm; u,fwifjcif;&Sd&efvdktyfaMumif; aygvk\ajymMum;csufrsm;twGuf tcef;i,frsm;rSm trSefyif
nDnTwfrQwaomtaMumif;w&m;rsm;jzpfonf/ vlom;tm;vHk;onf c&pfawmfrygvQif 0dnmOfa&;&maysmufqHk;
113

olrsm;jzpfaMumif; a&mr 3;23 tusOf;csLHUazmfjyonf/ zefqif;jcif;ESifh twGif;tZKwo@mefSdaom vlYusihf

0wfqdkif&mtodtjriftwdkif; toufSifolwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;SdcJhrnfqdkvQif? olwdkUonf c&pfawmftm; wHkUjyef
Ekdif&ef tcGifhaumif;wpHkw&mtm;? enf;vrf;wrsKd;rsKd;jzifh? wpfcsdefcsdefwGif bk&m;ocifjyifqifay;vdrfhrnf/
2;28-29 ]],k'vlrSefr[kwf...,k'vltrSefjzpf\/}}tcsufrSm tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ taMumif;rSm acwf
opf"rynmSiftkyfpktcsKdUonf "ra[mif;acwfu bk&m;ocif\vlrsKd;awmfESihf "ropfacwfu bk&m;ocif\
vlrsm;udk cGJjcm;Ekdif&ef tm;xkwfMuonf/ y#dnmOfwpfrsKd;ESifh vlrsKd;awmfwpfrsKd;omvQifSdonf/ (a&mr 9;6/
*vmwd 3;7-9?29/ 6;16/ 1ay 3;6)/ y#dnmOfw&m;topf[lonf y#dnmOfw&m;ta[mif; wdk;wufum
jynfhpHkvmjcif;jzpfNyD;? wpfckaomt&m\tydkif;ESpfydkif;omvQifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ vlrsKd;awmf[lonf
rsKd;dk;tm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhomjzpfonf/ olwdkUonf]]ESvHk;om;vlrsKd;}}jzpfNyD; bmoma&;vkyfdk;
vkyfpOf(0g) vlrsKd;a&;vlrsm;r[kwfMuacs/ aomhcsufrSm rdbr[kwfbJ ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ trSwftom;rSm
y#dnmOfw&m;\ trSwftom;r[kwfbJ? if;\ pdwf"mwfomvQif jzpfonf/
]]aoG;om;}}txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3 Munfhyg/
2;29 y#dnmOfw&m;\ trSwftom;jzpfaomta&zsm;vSD;jcif;rSm (urmOD; 17;14)vlwpfa,mufonf bk&m;
ocifxHawmfodkUcsOf;uyf&ef vrf;yGifhaejcif;tm; wifpm;azmfjyrIjzpfonf/ if;tm; wifpm;azmfjyrItrsKd;rsKd;Sd&m
1/ ESvHk;om;ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; (w&m;a[m 10;16/ 30;6/ a,&rd 4;4/ 9;24-25)
2/ em; ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; (a,&rd 6;10)
3/ EIwfcrf;ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; (xGufajrmuf 6;12?30)/
ynwfw&m;awmf\oabmrSm rnfonfhtcgrS jyifyo@mefqdkif&m Oya'or[kwfcJhbJ? bk&m;ocifonf
rdrd\pkdufESifh uwdawmfrsm;tm; tm'H\om;orD;rsm;tm;vHk;twGuf zGifhjy&mjzpfNyD;? xm0&tSifbk&m;ocif
(YHWH)ESihf aeYpOfqufpyfum? toufwmajymif;vJoGm;apaomw&m;jzpfonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ynwfw&m;awmftm; aygvkIjrifyHk 13;9 Munfhyg/

NASB ]]usrf ; a[mif ; w&m;tm;jzif h r[k w f b J ? 0d n mOf a wmf w &m;tm;jzif h ? pd w f E S v H k ; ES i h f p yf q d k i f \ /}}

NKJV ]]usrf ; a[mif ; txJ r [k w f b J ? 0d n mOfa wmf t xJ pd w f E S v H k ; ES i f h q k d i f \ /}}
NRSV ]]pd w f E S v H k ; ES i f h q d k i f a omt&mjzpf \ / if ; onf yuwd t wd k i f ; r[k w f b J ? 0d n mOf a &;&mjzpf o nf / }}
TEV ]]if ; onf usrf ; a[mif ; w&m;r[k w f b J ? bk & m;ocif\ 0d n mOf a wmf tvk y f v k y f j cif ; jzpf o nf / }}
NJB ]]usrf ; a[mif ; w&m;r[k w f b J ? pd w f E S v H k ; xJ 0d n mOf a wmf E S i f h q d k i f o nf / }}

pum;pkonf *&dusrf; t"dyg,froJuGJacs/ tcsKdUbmomjyefusrf;rsm; if;udk0dnmOfa&;ESifh aoG;om;

ZmwdwdkY \qefUusifbufjzpfaeyHktm; &nfnTef;csuftjzpf ,lxm;Muonf/ (NRSV, The Twentieth Century
New Testament, Knox\bmomjyefusrf;? Peshitta u Lamsa bmomjyefusrf;? Williams \bmom
jyefusrf;ESifh New Berkeley Version)/ tjcm;aombmomjyefusrf;rsm;onf oefUSif;aom0dnmOfawmfESifh
(&;6/ 2aum 3;6 wdkU tvm;wlzGJUpnf;yHkrsKd;wpfck awGU&onf) tupmvHk;jzifha&; aomusrf;pm (NASB,
NKJV, NEB, NIV ESifhTEV pojzifh) wdkU\ uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;tjzpf IjrifMuonf/ The Jerome Biblical
Commentary ac: teufzGifhusrf;\pmrsufESm 299 2aum 3;6 udktajcjyKum? if;onf y#dnmOfw&m;
a[mif;ESifh y#dnmOfw&m;topfwdkUtm; &nfnTef;aomaygvk\wifpm;rI ta&;tom;rsKd;jzpfNyD;? yxrazmfjy
114

csufonf jyifyo@mefjzpfaom ynwfw&m;jzpfonf/ 'kwd,azmfjycsufonf topfaomtwGif;pdwfo@mef

ESifh 0dnmOfawmfacwfopf oefUSif;aom0dnmOfawmfay;onfh topfaom0dnmOfjzpfonf[kqdkygonf/
tcsKdUaomwpfyg;trsKd;om;wdkUonf ynwfw&m;awmftm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? bk&m;ociftm; auseyfrIjyK
aumif;jyKEkdifMuaMumif; aygvkaqG;aEG;vmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ t&mrSefuefcJhrnfqdkvQif? cEmudk,fta&zsm;
udkomvSD;olrsm;(*vmwdNrdKUom;rsm;)xuf bk&m;ocif\rdom;pkonf vlrsKd;EG,f*sL;rsm;xuf ydkrdkus,fjyefU
onf/ (urmOD; 3;15/ 12;3/ xGufajrmuf 19;5)/ a,mb? arvcdaZ'uf? a,oa&m? umvuf? &mcyfESifh
kowdkUrSm *sL;vlrsKd;r[kwfMuacs/ {z&drfESifh remaStrsKd;rsm;onfyifvQif tD*spftrsKd;wpfydkif;jzpfMuonf/
(urm 41;50-52)/

aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;
pmtkyfonf teufzGifhrItwGuf vrf;nTefjcif;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmtm;?
rdrdudk,fwdkifteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0efSdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&Sdxm;onfh
tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif? ormusrf;pmESifhoefUSif;
aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmteufzGihfjcif;tvkyftm;? teufzGifhusrf;a&;om;
olrsm;tay:om yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfaomar;cGef;rsm;rSm pmtkyf\tydkif;wGifyg0ifaom t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;tm;
pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJ? pOf;pm;qifjcifrItm; EId;qGay;jcif;omjzpfonf/
1/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkU\ opmrJhjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfudk rnfodkUxdcdkufoenf;? (3;3-4)
2/ *sL;jzpf&jcif;aMumifh bk&m;ocif\aSUarSmufawmf tusKd;aus;Zl;wpHkw&mSdygovm;? (3;1-8)
3/ a0zefjypfwifpm (diatribe)[lonf tb,fenf;?
4/ a&mr 3;5-8 twGif; a0zefjypfwifpm\t"dutcsufrSm tb,fenf;?
5/ vkyfaqmifrIrygbJ? aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&ygu vlonf rnfodkU
wm0efodpGm toufSifoenf;?
6/ vHk;0OkHysufpD;jcif; (total depravity)[laom "roabmw&m;rSm tb,fenf;? (3;10-18)
7/ armaSynwfw&m;\ a,bk,s&nfG,fcsufrSm tb,fenf;? (3;20/ *vmwd 3;24-25)
8/ vlom;usqif;jcif;taMumif;jzpfonfh a&mr 1-3 twGif; tb,faMumifh pmwefudk razmfjyoenf;?
9/ "ra[mif;usrf;\uwdawmfrsm;rSm cRif;csuftm;jzifh avm? odkUr[kwf cRif;csufrJhavm?
10/ (1)*sL;r[kwfolrsm;ESifh (2)*sL;rsm;\b0toufwm armaS\ynwfw&m;onf rnfonfh&nfG,fcsufSd
oenf;?
11/ 1;18-3;20 twGif; aygvk\aqG;aEG;rIrsm;tm; pmydk'ftvdkuf? rdrdpum;vHk;jzifh tusOf;csKHUa&;yg/

115

a&mr 3
acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcGJrsm;
UBS 4

*sL;rsm;ESihfynwfawmf
(2;17- 3;8)
3;1-8

NKJV

bk&m;ocif\w&m;
pD&ifjcif;udkumuG,f
ajymqdkjcif;

ajzmifhrwfolrSd
3;9-20

tm;vHk;tjypfjyKNyD
3;9-20

,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
ajzmifhrwfjcif;

,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh
bk&m;ocif\ajzmifh
rwfjcif;
3;21-26

3;27-31

0g<um;p&mz,fSm;
3;27-31

NRSV

*sL;jzpf&jcif;
\tusKd;
3;1-8

tm;vHk;tjypfSd
3;9-18
3;19-20
ppfrSefaom
ajzmifhrwfjcif;
3;21-26
0g<um;p&mz,fSm;
3;27-31

TEV

NJB

*sL;rsm;ESifh
ynwfawmf
(2;17-3;8)
3;1-4
3;5-6
3;7-8

bk&m;ocif\
uwdawmfrsm;onf
olwdkUudk u,frnf
r[kwf

ajzmifhrwfolrSd
3;9-18
3;19-20
bk&m;ocifonf
vludk ajzmifhrwf
apyHk
3;21-26

tm;vHk;tjypfSd
3;9-18
3;19-20
bk&m;ocif\
w&m;pD&ifrItm;
zGifhjyjcif;
3;21-26

3;27-31

,HkMunfjcif;tvkyf
3;27-31

3;1-8

ywfvnfzwfIjcif; tausmhoHk;(pm-xi I)

rl&if;pma&;ol\ pmydk'ftvdkuf&nfG,fcsufudkem;vnfjcif;
if;rSm teufzGifhrIvrf;nTeftm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif
teufjyef&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd&Sdaomtvif;xJavQmufoGm;
&efjzpfrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif? ormusrf;pmESifh oefUSif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm
y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;olrsm;tay:om yHkcs&ef
r[kwfacs/
tcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf;tNyD;zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;owfrSwfyg/ rdrd\taMumif;
t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk txufygacwfopfbmomjyef usrf;ig;ckwdkUESifhEIdif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmf
rIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nfG,fcsuftm;em;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ if;rSm
teufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD; pmydk'fwpfydk'f taMumif;
t&mwpfckwnf;Sdonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd, pmydk'f
4/ ... pojzifh
116

usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnfjcif;
u/ ti,f 1-8 onf taMumif;t&mcsif; qufpyfaomfvnf; aygvkonf tjiif;tcHkjyKol wpfa,mufSdav
[efyHkpHjzifh a&;om;jcif;enf;oHk;aomaMumifh ol\wwaA'tm; odSd&efcufcJonf/
c/ 2;17-29 tm; *sL;vlrsKd;tcsKdUrnfuJhodkU wHkUjyefEkdifaMumif;tay: aygvkvufOD;rI,lvdkufonfESifh wlyg
onf/ xkdUaMumifh olwdkUjyKrnfh ar;cGef;rsm;udk oltajzay;xm;onf/ (Corley, VaughanwdkU\ Romans
pm 37-39)
1/ yxrar;cGef;/ *sL;rsm;twGuf trSefyiftusKd;rJhaeoavm? (i,f 1-2)
2/ 'kwd,ar;cGef;/ tcsKdUaom*sL;rsm;opmrSdjcif;aMumifh bk&m;ocifajympum;rsm; tusKd;rJhjzpfoGm;o
avm? (i,f 3-4)
3/ wwd,ar;cGef;/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrdtusifhpdkuftm;zGifhjy&ef *sL;rsm;udkoHk;cJhonfqdkvQif? *sL;wdkU
onf w&m;a&;oabmt& wm0efSdaeMuao;ygovm;? (i,f 5-8)
*/ ed*Hk;twGuf 2;11udk jyef,lonf/ bk&m;ocif rsufESmvdkufjcif;rSdacs/ vlom;wdkif;onf rdrdwdkU&Sdonfh
tvif;w&m;(obm0w&m;tm;jzifh zGifhjyjcif;^txl;zGifhjyjcif;)ESifh wvJTpDtoufSifaeMujcif;twGuf
wm0efSdMuonf/
C/ ti,f 9-18 *sL;rsm;\tjypfrsm;udk aMumfjimaom"ra[mif;usrf;rsm;ygSdonf/
i/ ti,f 19-20onf tpa&;\0dnmOfa&;&mtajctaeESifh "ra[mif;usrf;\&nfG,fcsufudk tusOf;csLHU
azmfjyonf/ (*vmwd 3)
p/ ti,f 21-31onf 1;18-3;20tm; tusOf;csLHUonf/
if;wdkUrSm {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ yxrOD;qHk;aom"roabmw&m;jzpfonf/ (a&mrMo0g'pm rdwfquf
acgif;pOfatmufu ]]t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm; tusOf;csKyf}}pmMunfhyg/)

pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pkavhvmrI
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / /3;1-8
1
odkUjzpfvQif ,k'vlwdkU rnfonfht usKd;xl;Sdoenf;? odkUr[kwf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;onf rnfonfh
tusKd;Sdoenf; ? 2taxGaxGaom tusKd;rsm;pGmSdonf/ yxrOD;qHk;taejzifh bk&m;ocif\Asm'dwf
awmfrsm;udk olwdkUtm;tyfxm;onf/ 3odkUjzpfvQif tb,fodkUenf;? tcsKdUaomolwdkUonf r,HkMunfcJ h
Muygu? olwdkU\r,HkMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\opmawmfudk y,fzsufvdrfhrnfavm? 4xdkodkU rnf
onfhtcgrQrjzpfEkdif! xdkodkUjzpfrnfhtpm;? vlwdkif;rkomajymMuaomfvnf; rdefUawmfrl&m ajzmifhrwf
um? w&m;pD&if&m atmifjrifapownf;[l usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnD? bk&m;ocifum;? rSefuefyg
apownf;/ 5odkUaomf oif\rajzmifhrSefjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ajzmifh rSefawmfrljcif;udk xifSm;ay:
vGifaponfqdkvQif tb,fodk Uajym&vdrfhrnfenf;? trsufawmfxGufum? 'Pfay;awmfrlol bk&m;ocif
onf rajzmifhrSefoavm?(igonf vlom;oHk;aoma0g[m&jzifh ajymaejcif;jzpfonf) 6rnfonfhtcgrS
xdkodkYrjzpfEkdif! xdkodkUjzpfvQifrl bk&m;ocifonf avmuudk rnfodkUw&m;pD&ifvdrfhrnfenf;? 7odkUaomf
ig\rkomonf bk&m;ocif\ormw&m;tm; wdk;yGg;apum? bkef;awmfxifSm;aponfrSefvQif? igonf
tjypfom;wpfa,muftjzpf tb,faMumifh w&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&ao;oenf; ? 8xdkUjyif (xdkodkU igwdkY
ajymonf[k vltcsKdUwdkUonfuJh&JUum ajymaeMuonfenf;wl)]]aumif;aomt&mjzpfvmap&ef raumif;
117

aomt&mjyKMuukeftHh}}[k tb,faMumifh rajymMuoenf;? olwdkUonf trSefyifjypf'PfpD&ifjcif;

cHxdkufay\/
3;1 ]]*sL;vlrsKd;wdkU rnfonfhtusKd;xl;Sdoenf; ?}}aygvkonf olajymvdkaomtaMumif;t&mtm; azmfjy&m
jypfwifa0zefpmyHkpH(0g) jiif;cHkolwpfa,mufa,mufSdaeav[efjzifh a&;aom[efrsKd; qufvufoHk;aejcif;jzpf
onf/ *sL;rsm;&SdaomtusKd;xl;pm&if;tm; 3;2ESifh 9;4-5wdkU Munfhyg/ usrf;ydk'f tcef;BuD;9-11 twGif;
aygvktus,fw0ifhazmfjyonf/
3;2 ]]yxrOD;pGm}}aygvku ti,f 1;8 ]]yxrOD;pGm}}[l ajymaomfvnf; 'kwd,tcsuf[l razmfjycJhacs/
ae&mvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ aygvka&;om;onfh taMumif;t&mrSm jyif;xefonfhtjyif? ac:ay;
a&;om;apjcif;jzpf&um? ol\o'gzGJUpnf;yHkrSm rMumcP rjynfhrpHkjzpfavhSdonf/
]]bk&m;ocif\Asm'dwfawmfrsm;udk olwdkUtm;tyfxm;onf}}bk&m;ocif\zGifhjyawmfrlrIrsm;tm; vufcH&
Sdjcif;onf BuD;us,fvSaomtcGifhxl;wpf&yfjzpfonfenf;wl tHhMoxdwfvefUbG,f&m wm0efBuD;wpf&yfvnf;
jzpfonf/ (9;4-5)/ olwdkUrSm bk&m;ocif\tcrJhvufaqmiftm; xdef;odrf;pDrH&ol b@pdk;rsm;jzpfonf/
(AORIST PASSIVE 1ouf 2;4)/
pum;vHk; (logion-Asm'dwfawmf)udk *&d"ra[mif;usrf; Septuagint(Lxx) bk&m;ocifajymaompum;
tjzpftoHk;jyKum "ropfusrf;udkqdkvdkonf/ (awmvnf 24;4? 16/ w&m; 33;9/ qmvH 107;11/ 119;67/
a[Sm 5;24/ 28;13)/ "ropfusrf; tjrifjzifh wajy;nDoHk;EIef;onf/ (wref 7;38/ a[ 5;12/ 1ay
4;11)/
3;3 ]]odkUjzpfvQif}}if;onf yxrwef;pm;cRif;csufygaom 0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/ if;udk pma&;ol\tjrif
rSefuefonf[k rSwf,lxm;jcif; odkYr[kwf pma&;ol\a&;[efjzpfonf/ ti,f 5ESifh7 wdkUonfvnf; tvm;wl
0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/
ti,f 3rl if;\o'goHk;EIef;yHkt& ]]r[kwf}}[laomtajztm; arQmfvifhonf/

]]tcsKdUaomolwdkUonf r,HkMunf}}
]]tcsKdUaomolwdkUonf opmrSd}}
]]olwdkUtcsKdUonf opmrSdcJhMu[kqdkvQif}}
if;onf tpa&;vlrsKd;wpfOD;csif;\ (1) opmrSdjcif;? odkUr[kwf (2) YHWH (xm0&tSif bk&m;ocif)
tm; ,HkMunfrIuif;rJhjcif; wpfckcktm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ bk&m;ocif\ cRif;csufrJhaom uwdawmfrsm;
(Oyrm -usqif;aomvlom;rsKd;EG,ftm; aG;EIwfjcif;)ESifh vlom;\wHkUjyefrIqdkif&m cRif;csufygaomapcdkif;
rIrsm;taMumif; ajymjy&efcufcJonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ y#dnmOfw&m;/ 9;4 Munfhyg/ odkUaomf if;rSm
ormusrf;pmenf;usjzpfonf/(3;4-5)/ rdrd\vlrsm;opmrSdaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifrSmrl opmSdonfomjzpf
\/ (a[maS 1?3/ 2wd 2;13)/
NASB, NKJV
NRSV, NJB
TEV

]]y,fzsuf}} atmufyg]]txl;taMumif;t&m}}Munfhyg/
118

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / y,fzsufonf/ uif;rJha ponf (KATARGEO)

pum;vHk; (kkatarge)onf aygvkESpfoufaompum;vHk;rsm;teuf wpfckjzpfonf/ olonf if;udk
ESpfq,fhig;BudrfcefY oHk;cJhaomfvnf;? tvGefus,fjyefUaoma0g[m& (semantic)jzpfonf/
u/ if;\'@m&DyHkjyifqdkif&m tjrpfrSm argos [ljzpfNyD; t"dyg,frSm
1/ rvIyfSm;? rwuf<u
2/ ysif;&d
3/ toHk;rjyK
4/ toHk;r0if
5/ tusKd;roufa&muf
c/ aygif;pyfpum;vHk;tjzpf kata ESihfwGJaomtcg t"dyg,frSm
1/ rvIyfSm;? rwuf<ujcif;
2/ toHk;r0ifjcif;
3/ y,fzsufaomt&m
4/ azsmufzsufypfaomt&m
5/ tusKd;oufa&mufjcif; vHk;0rSdaomt&m
*/ if;udk vkumxJ toD;rJhjcif;tm;azmfjy&ef wpfcgoHk;onf/ xdkUaMumifh toHk;r0ifaomtyif[l
jzpfonf/ (vkum 13;7)/
C/ aygvkonf if;tm; wifpm;jcif;tjzpf t"dutm;jzifh toHk;jyKjcif;ESpfrsKd;Sdonf/
1/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm; &efbufjyKaomt&mrsm;udk tusKd;roufa&mufap&efvkyfjcif;
(u) vlom;\tjypfSdjcif; obm0 a&mr 6;6
(c) ]]trsKd;tEG,fawmf}}(the seed)ESifhqdkifaom bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfrsm;ESihfpyfqdkifonfh
armaS\ynwfusrf;- a&m 4;14/ *vmwd 3;17/ 5;4?11/ {zuf 2;15/
(*) txGuftjrwftmPmwefcdk;rsm; (spiritual forces)- 1aum 15;24
(C) t"rvl 2ouf 2;8
(i) cEmudk,faoqHk;jcif; - 1aum 15;26/ 2wd 1;16/ (a[NAJ 2;14)
2/ ta[mif; (y#dnmOfw&m;? acwfumv) udk topfjzifhtpm;xdk;
(u) armaS\ynwfcsufqdkif&mrsm; - a&mr 3;3?31/ 4;14/ 2aum 3;7?11?13?14/
(c) xdef;jrm;vufxyfjcif;taMumif;jzifh ynwfw&m;tm; Sif;vif;jcif; - a&mr 7;2? 6/
(*) ,ckacwfumvESifhqdkifaomt&mrsm; - 1aum 13;8?10?11
(C) udk,fcEm - 1aum 6;13
(i) ,ckacwfumvacgif;aqmifrsm; - 1aum 1;28/ 2;6
pum;vHk;udk trsKd;rsKd;bmomjyefMuaomfvnf; if;\t"dut"dyg,frSm wpfpHkwpfcktm; oHk;r&jzpfoGm;
aponf/ y,fzsuf uif;rJhoGm;aponf/ tusKd;oufa&mufjcif;rSd jzpfoGm;aponf/ wefcdk;rJhjzpfoGm;aponf
[ljzpfonf/ odkUaomf rwnfSdjcif;? zsufqD;jcif;(0g)tpazsmufypfvkdufjcif; oabmum;roufa&mufacs/
]]bk&m;ocif\opmawmf}}ormw&m;rSm (1aum 1;9/ 10;13/ 2aum 1;18) bk&m;ocifonf
atmufygt&mrsm;tm; (w&m; 7;9/ a[Sm 49;7),HkMunfudk;pm;jyKjcif;\ tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpfonf/
1/ rajymif;rvJaompdkufrsm;
119

2/ xm0&uwdawmfrsm;
udk,fawmfonf zefqif;jcif;? zGihfjyjcif;(Asm'dwfawmf)? y#dnmOfw&m;ESifh arSd,tm;jzifh rdrdudk,frdrd zGifhjy
awmfrlonf/ vlom;rsm;rnfrQyif opmrJhaeaomfvnf; udk,fawmfrSmrlopmwnfNrJwnfaeonf! (2wd 2;13)/
3;4
]]xdkodkU rnfonfhtcgrQ rjzpfEkdifyg}}
]]rjzpfEkdifaMumif; aocsmonf}}
]]rnfonfhenf;ESihfrQ rjzpfEkdif}}
]]t"dyg,fr Sdaom pum;jzpfvdrfhrnf}}
if;onf toHk;enf;aom OPTATIVE MOOD jzpfNyD; qEwpfck(0g)qkawmif;csufwpfcktm; azmfjyjcif;jzpf
ojzihf]]xdkodkU rnfonfhtcgrQ rjzpfEkdifacs}}[l bmomjyef&ayrnf/ if;onf a[NAJtD'D,HwpfckESifh vnf;
qifwlEkdifonf/ ]]aMumufvefUbG,f&mr,HkMunfrI}}/ pum;pkudk aygvkrMumcPtoHk;jyKonf/ taMumif;rSm
tjiif;tcHkjyKolwpfa,mufa,mufSdav[efjzifh a&;onfhjypfwifa0zefpmyHkpHrSm ol\pma&;[efyifjzpfonf/
(3;4?6?31/ 6;2?15/ 7;7?13/ 9;14/ 11;1/ 1aum 6;15/ *vmwd 2;17/ 3;21/ 6;14)onfrSm twnf
ajymqdkcsufwpf&yftm; tav;teufjyKum? jiif;qefjcif;jyKae[ef ol\pma&;enf;jzpf onf/
Sdaeav[efjyKaom jiif;qefol\ar;cGef;rsm;ESifhtqdkrsm;tm; aygvkjiif;qefjcif;yHkpHudkvnf; rSwfom;yg/
1/ ]]xdkodkU rnfonfhtcgrS jzpfvdrfhrnfr[kwf}}/ i,f 4?6
2/ ]]vlwdkif;rkomajymMuaomfvnf;? bk&m;ocifum; rSefuefygapownf;}} i,f 4
3/ ]](vlom;\a0g[m&jzifh igajymaejcif;jzpfonf)}} i,f? 5
4/ ]](igwdkUajymonf[k vltcsKdUuJh&JUajymMuonfenf;wl)}} i,f? 8

NASB
NKJV, TEV
NRSV
NJB

]]vlwdkif; rkomajymMuaomfvnf;? bk&m;ocifum; rSefuefygapownf;}}if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE

IMPERATIVEjzpfonf/ yHkpHo'gzGJUpnf;rIrSm taMumif;t&mwpfck qufvufjzpfay:aejcif;udk tajcjyKonf/
bk&m;ocifonf opmSdum? rSefuefonf (txl;taMumif;t&m-1;18 Munfhyg)/ vlom;rsm;onf opmrJhNyD;?
vdrfnmolrsm;jzpfMuonf? if;onf qmvH 116;11 tm; &nfnTef;csufwpfckjzpfNyD;? a,mbodSdcJhonfht&m
ESifhvnf;qifwlonf/ 32;2/ 40;8/
wpfavmuvHk;tjypfSdjcif;taMumif;tm; pas (wdkif;? tm;vHk;)pum;vHk;toHk;jyKum aygvkwifjyxm;
aomfvnf; i,f 4? 9? 12? 19? 20? 23?24 bk&m;ocifonf wavmuvHk;tm; u,fwifjcif; ay;aejcif;aMumifh
(3;22) udk,fawmftm; csD;rGrf;&aMumif; rSwfom;yg/
]]usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnD}} twdtusrSm ]]a&;om;cJhNyD;jzpfum? qufvufa&;om;jcif;cHaeonf}}[ljzpf
onf/ if;rSm PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVEjzpfonf/ if;rSm ormusrf;udk bk&m;ocifrIwfoGif;awmf
rljcif;jzpfaMumif;ajym&ef toHk;tEIef;jzpfvmonf/(rJ 5;17-19)/ if;onf *&d"ra[mif;usrf; Septuagint
(LXX) rSvmaom qmvH 51;4 udk owd&aponf/
3;5-6 tcef;i,frsm;xJ aygvk\azmfjyrIrsm;onf wavmuvHk;tm; qufoG,f&efenf;vrf;tjzpf bk&m;
ocifonf tpa&;tm; txl;aG;cs,faMumif; ajymjyonf/ (urm 12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6)/ "ra[mif;usrf;
]]aG;cs,frI}}onf txl;tcGifhta&;wpf&yfr[kwfbJ? trIaqmifGufjcif;udknTef;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf olwdkU
ESifhy#dnmOfw&m;wpfckjyKonf/ bk&m;ocifrSm uwdopmwnfonf/ olwdkU opmw&m;rSdacs/ (ae[ 9)/
120

opmrJhaomtpa&;tm; bk&m;ocifw&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;onf udk,fawmfajzmifhrwfaMumif; taxmuftxm;

jzpfonf/
tpa&;rSm *sL;r[kwfolwpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm;qufoG,f&ef bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;jzpfonf/ olwdkU
ysufuGufcJhMuonf (3;24)! tpa&;ysufuGufcJhjcif;aMumif; wpfavmuvHk;tm;u,fwif&ef bk&m;ocif\
&nfG,fcsufrxdcdkufacs/(urm 3;15)/ trSefrSm bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\rlvy#dnOfw&m;tay: uwdopm
wnfrItm; a&mr 9-11 twnfjyKonf/ r,HkMunfoltpa&;rsm;onf jiif;y,fcHMuaomfvnf;? ,HkMunfol
tpa&;rsm;onf aG;EIwfjcif;qdkif&m bk&m;ocif\tpDtpOftm; NyD;qHk;oGm;apMuvdrfhrnf/
aygvk\ i,f 5-6u a0zefpmonf i,f 7-8ESifhwlonf/
3;5 ]]vQif}}if;onf yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD;? pma&;ol\tjrif rSefuefonf[k ,lqxm;
onfh(0g)ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ ti,f 3 ESifh 7 wdkUonfvnf; yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/
]]igwdkU\rajzmifhrwfrIonf bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhr wfawmfrljcif;udk ay:vGifxifSm;aponf}} ]]igwdkU}}
[laomemrfpm;onf *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;tm;vHk;tm; jcHK&nfnTef;jcif;jzpf&ayrnf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 1;17
Munfhyg/
]]tb,fodkUajym&vdrfhrnfenf;}}aygvkonf a0zefpm[efrsKd;yif qufvufoHk;aejcif;jzpfonf/ (3;5/
7;7/ 8;31/ 9;14?39)/ aygvkonf jiif;cHkolSdaeav[efrsKd;oHk;um? rdrd\wifjycsufudk Sif;vif;csufay;ae
jcif;jzpfonf/ (rmvcd 1;2?6?7?12?13/ 2;14?17 (2 cg)/ 3;7?13?14)/

]](igonf vlom;oHk;aom a0g[m&rsm;jzifh ajymaejcif;jzpfonf)}}

]](igonf vlwpfa,mufuJhodkU ajymonf)}}
]](igonf vlwpfa,mufpum;ajymjcif;rsKd;jzifh ajymonf)}}
]](igonf ae&m vluJhodkU ajymonf)}}
]]...vlwpfa,muf\cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmjcif; yHkpHrsKd;oHk;onf...}}
aygvkonf rdrd\ "roabmw&m;qdkif&m tusKd;tjypfazmfjyrIrsm; vl\wuaA'ynmudk
oHk;avhSdonf/ (6;19/ 1aum 9;8/ *vmwd 3;15)ae&m if;onfjiif;cHkol\acsyrIrsm;udk jiif;qefjcif;
tjzpfoHk;onf/
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

3;7-8 ti,f 5 ESifh 7wdkU ay:vGifonfhqifwlrISdonf/ (ESpfckpvHk; ei dei ESihfponf)/ aygvkonf atmuf
ygwdkYteuf wpfckckjzpfonf/
1/ jiif;qefolwpfa,mufSdav[efjzifh? a0zefpma&;[efrsKd; qufvufoHk;aejcif;jzpfonf/ (3;5? 7/
7;7/ 8;31/ 9;14? 30)
2/ ,HkMunfjcif;wpfckwnf;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&modkYa&mufonfqdkaom ol\a[mMum;rItm; a0zefol
rsm;udkwHkUjyefjcif;/ (i,f 8)
aygvkonf tqdkygpGyfpGJrIudk tao;pdwfSif;vif;jcif;(0g) ajzqdkjcif;rjyKbJ?tqdkygpGyfpGJrIudk jyif;xefpGm
jypfwifonf/ xdkufwefrISdr[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh tcrJhajzmifhrwfapjcif;&SdrIonf bk&m;w&m;rJhrI
rsm;(0g)opmrJhaomremcHrIrsm; jzpfyGg;aprnf[kqdkum? jiif;qefjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfonf
121

topfaompdwfESvHk;ESifh 0rf;ajrmufaomtoufwm ydkifqdkifjcif;rSwqifh c&pfawmfESifh ydkydkwlvmapvdrfhrnf

[kaygvk,HkMunfonf! *sL;rsm;? *&dudk,fusihfw&m;orm;rsm;ESihfaygvk tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf rdrdwdkUaMumifh
ajymif;vJvmolwdkUudk udk,fusihfw&m;ESifhavsmfnDpGm toufSifapvdkMuonfomjzpf\! odkUaomf if;onf
vl\jyifySd Oya'owpfckESifhtnD usifhMuHjyKrljcif;tm;jzifhr&SdbJ? topfaompdwfESvHk;? topfaomtwGif;
0dnmOftm;jzifhom&Sdonf/ (a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;22-36)/
3;7 ]]vQif}}if;onf yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD; (ti,f 3 ESihf 5) pma&;ol\tjrif rSefonf[k
,lqonf (0g)ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/
]]wdk;yGg;aponf}} txl;taMumif;t&m -15;13 Munfhyg/
]]bkef;awmf}} 3;23 \rSwfcsufMunfhyg/
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / / 3;9-18
9
odkUjzpfvQif tb,fodkUenf;? igwdkUonf olwdkUxufomoavm? vHk;0omonfr[kwf/ taMumif;
rlum; ,k'vlrsKd;? *&dvlrsKd;ESpfrsKd;pvHk;onf tjypfvufatmuf tm;vHk;SdMuonf[k igwdkUqdkcJhMuNyD/
10
usrf;pmvmonfum; ]]ajzmifhrwfaomolrSd? wpfa,mufrQrSd/ 11em;vnfaom olrSd? bk&m;ocifudk
SmaomolrSd/ 12tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf vrf; vTJcJhMuNyD? twlwlcsnf; yif oHk;r&aomolrsm;jzpfaeMu
NyD/ aumif;aomt&mjyKolrSd? wpfa,mufrQrSd/ 13olwdkY\vnfacsmif;onf zGifhxm;aomocsFKdif;wGif;
jzpf\/ olwdkY\vQmjzifh qufvufvSnfhpm;Muonf/ a>rqdk;tqdyfonf olwdkUEIwfcrf;atmufSd\/
14
olwdkU\EIwfonf BudrfqJjcif;? cg;onf;jcif;ESifh jynfh\/ 15olwdkU\ajconf taoG;oGef;&ef vsifjref
onf/ 16olwdkU oGm;&mvrf; zsufpD;jcif;ESifh BuD;pGmaom'kuqif;&JSd\/ 17Nidrfoufjcif;vrf;udk olwdkU
rodSdMu/ 18olwdkU\rsufvHk;rsm; bk&m;ociftm; aMumufGHUjcif;ray:acs/
3;9 ]]igwdkUonf olwdkUxufomoavm}}tcsuf o'gzGJUpnf;yHkrSm oJuGJjcif;rSdacs/ usrf;ydk'f\
t"duormw&m;rSm vlom;wpf&yfvHk;\ vdktyfcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfjzpfonf[laom tcsufjzpf
\/(3;9? 19? 23/ 11;32/ *vmwd 3;22)/ odkUaomf &nfnTef;&mtwdtusrSm *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;avm (aygvkESifh
olUtrsKd;) odkUwnf;r[kwf c&pf,mefrsm; (aygvkESifhbk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfcHpm;&ol ,HkMunfolrsm;)avm
qdkonfrSm raocsmacs/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkUonf tusKd;aus;Zl;;ydk cHpm;cJhMuaomfvnf; (i,f1-2/ 9;4-5) if;
omvGefaomtusKd;aus;Zl;onf if;wdkU\wm0ef ydkrdkBuD;rm;oGm;aponf (vkum 12;48)/ vlom;tm;vHk;
0dnmOfa&;&m vrf;aysmufaeMuum? bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfrSm tm;vHk;aomolwdkUtwGuf vdktyfonf/
]]ydkomonf-better}}qdkaoma0g[m&udk usrf;pmynmSif tenf;pkwdkUonf MIDDLE xuf PASSIVE
VOICE (tjyKcHBud,m)tjzpf em;vnfMuonf/ odkUjzifh if;rSm ]]omvGefapjcif; cH&onf}}(0g)]]tusKd;rJhapjcif;
cH&onf}}[l jzpfvmonf/
a&mrMo0g'pmrSm aygvka&;aompmrsm;teuf a'oE&qdkif&mMum;ae oabmtqefqHk;jzpfonf[k qdkMu
avhSdonf/ aygvkay;pmtrsm;pkonf a'oE&wpfckck\vdktyfrI(0g) ta&;BuD;taMumif;t&mwpfckckaMumifh
a&;jcif;jzpfavhSdonf/ a&mrNrdKU toif;awmftwGif; ,HkMunfol*sL;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh ,HkMunfolwpfyg;
trsKd;om;rsm;tMum; remvdkrIonf tcef;BuD; 1-3 ESifh 9-11wdkU\ aemufcHtaMumif;t&mjzpfEkdifonf/
122

]]taMumif;rlum; ,k'vlrsKd;? *&dvlrsKd;ESpfrsKd;pvHk;onf tjypfvufatmuf tm;vHk;SdaeMuonf[k

igwdkUqdkcJhMuNyD}}/ Bud,m (AORIST MIDDLE [deponent] INDICATIVE)udk "ropfusrf; ae&momvQif
awGU&onf/ aygvkonf 1;18? 2;29u rdrdajymcJhonfh taMumif;t&mtm; qufvuf&nfnTef;aejcif;jzpfonf/
]]tjypfvufatmufu}}aygvkonf]]tjypf}} (Jerome Biblical Commentary, p.300)tm; usqif;aom
vlom;rsKd;EG,ftay: tkyfpdk;aeonfhaumuf uspfpOf;vJaom uRefacgif;wpfa,muftvm; wifpm;xm;onf/
(6;16-23)
3;10-18]]usrf;pmvmonfum;}}pum;pkudk tcef;i,f4 vnf;awGU&onf/ atmufyg"ra[mif;usrf;
azmfjycsufrsm;rSm vlom;\usqif;rI tav;teufjyK&ef vl\udk,ft*Fgrsm;jzifh wifpm;oHk;EIef;jcif;jzpfonf/
1/ i,f 10-12/ a' 7;20 (0g) qmvH 14;1-3
2/ i,f 13/ qmvH 5;9 ESihf 140;3
3/ i,f 14/ qmvH 10;7
4/ i,f 15-17/ a[Sm 59;7-8 ESifh okwH
5/ i,f 18/ qmvH 36;1
aygvku a[Sm 53;6 tm; roHk;onfrSm tHhMop&mjzpfonf/
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / / 3;19-20
19
ynwfw&m;ajymorQpum;wdkUonf ynwfw&m;vufatmuf Sdaeolrsm;tm; ajymjcif;jzpf
aMumif; igwdkUonfodMu\/ EIwftm;vHk;ydwfypfjcif;cHum avmuDom;tm;vHk; bk&m;ociftay: wm
0efSdolrsm;jzpfvmaponf/ 20ynwfw&m;\tusifhtm;jzifh bk&m;ocifaSUawmf tb,folrQ ajzmifh
rwf&modkUra&muf&m/ taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;rSwpfqifh 'kpdkuftjypfudk odSd&Mu\/
3;19 ]]igwdkUonf odMu\}}2;2 \rSwfcsufMunfhyg/
]]ynwfw&m;awmf}} usrf;ydk'f pum;vHk;onf "ra[mif;usrf;wpfckvHk;tm; &nfnTef;jcif; jzpf&yg
rnf/ (i,f 21)/ taMumif;rSm ti,f 10-18 twGif; ynwfawmfusrf;ac: "ra[mif;usrf;\ yxrqHk;usrf;
ig;usrf;xJu wpfcsufudkrS owfowfrSwfrSwfazmfjyjcif; rSdjzpfonf/ aygvkonf]]tjypf}}enf;wl(6;16-23)
]]ynwfw&m;awmf}}ukdvnf; oufSdvl om;uJhodkU wifpm;azmfjyonf/
]]ynwfw&m;vufatmufSdaeolrsm;}} pum;onf ajymif;vJjcif;&Sdol *sL;vlrsKd;ESifhwpfyg; trsKd;
om;rsm;tm; &nfnTef;onf/ &nfnTef;toHk;jyKaom "ra[mif;usrf;tawmfrsm;rsm;onf wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;
tm; ajymqdk&nfnTef;onfrSefaomfvnf; vlom;tm;vHk;tjypfSdMuonf/ tjypftukodkvfom;rsm;jzpfMuonf/
(3;23)!

123


NASB

]]EIwftm;vHk; ydwfypfjcif;cHum? avmuDom;tm;vHk; ocifbk&m;ay: wm0efSdolrsm; jzpfvm

Muaponf/}}
NKJV ]]EI w f t m;vH k ; &yf w H h a pjcif ; cH u m? avmuD o m;tm;vH k ; bk & m;ocif h a S U awmf tjypf S d o l r sm;
jzpfvmMu\/}}
NRSV ]]EI w f t m;vH k ; wd w f q d w f a pjcif ; cH u m? avmuD o m;tm;vH k ; bk & m;ocif a y: wm0ef S d o l r sm;
jzpfvmMuonf/}}
TEV
]]vlom;\qifajctm;vHk; &yfwHhum? avmuDom;tm;vHk; bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifrIatmuf
ydkYaqmifonf/}}
NJB
]]odkUaomf if;onf vlwdkif;tm; wdwfqdwfoGm;apum? avmuDom;tm;vHk; bk&m;ocif\
w&m;pD&ifjcif; cH&rnfholrsm;jzpfvmaponf/}}
if;rSm 1;18- 3;20 tm; tusOf;csLHUxm;onfh t"duOD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/
]]EIwftm;vHk;}}ti,f 19-20 twGif; vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk;tm; &nfnTef;onfhpum;pktawmfrsm;rsm;Sdyg
onf/
1/ ]]EIwftm;vHk;}} i,f 19
2/ ]]avmuDom; tm;vHk;}} i,f - 19
3/ ]]b,folrQ}}(ZmwdaoG;om;)- i,f 20
3;20]]ynwfw&m;\tusifhtm;jzifh bk&m;ocifhaSUawmf tb,folrQajzmifhrwf&modkUra&muf&m}}
if;onf qmvH 143;2 tm; &nfnTef;jcif;wpfckjzpfonf/ (a,mb 4;17/ 9;2/ 25;4/ qmvH 130;3/ okwH
20;9/ a' 7;20/ 3"r 8;46/ 2&m 6;36)/ odkUaomf tzGifhpum;pkwpfck aygif;xnfhxm;ygonf/ if;rSm
aygvka[monfh {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ t"dursufESmpmjzpfonf/ (*vmwd 2;16/ 3;11)/ aygvkonf
qufuyfonfh zg&dSJ(bmoma&;orm;)wpfOD;yDyD bmoma&;pdwftm;xufoefrIESihf xdkufwefrI&Sdap&ef vkyf
aqmifrIwdkUonf twGif;Nidrfoufjcif;tm; aqmifMuOf;ay;Edkifjcif;rSdaMumif; aumif;rGefpGmodSdxm;ygonf/
]]ZmwdaoG;om;taMumif;}}txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3 Munfhyg/

NASB, NRSV
NKJV
TEV

]]ynwfw&m;rS wqifhtjypfw&m;udk odSd&\}}

]]taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;tm;jzifh tjypfw&m;udk odSd&\}}
]]ynwfw&m;vkyfonfht&mrSm vlonf tjypfjyKcJhNyD;jzpfaMumif;tm; odSdap&ef
jzpfonf/}}
NJB
]]ynwfw&m;\wpfckwnf;aomtvkyfrSm tjypfSdaomt&mrSm rnfonfht&mjzpf
aMumif; igwdkUudkajymjy&efjzpfonf/}}
if;rSm "ra[mif;usrf;\&nfG,fcsufrsm;teuf wpfckjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 13;9 Munfhyg/
if;onf usqif;cJhNyDjzpfaom vlom;xH u,fwifjcif;,laqmifvmap&ef &nfG,fcsufrSdcJhbl;acs/ if;\
&nfG,fcsufrSm tjypfSdaMumif;zGifhjyum? vlom;tm;vHk;tm; tSifxm0&bk&m;ocif YHWH xHawmfodkU
armif;ydkU&efjzpfonf/ (4;15/ 5;13? 20/ 7;7/ *vmwd 3;19-22? 23-29)/

124

aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;
pmtkyfonf teufzGifhrItwGuf vrf;nTefjcif;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmtm;?
rdrdudk,fwdkifteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGifwm0efSdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&Sdxm;onfh
tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif? ormusrf;pmESifh oefUSif;
aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmteufzGihfjcif;tvkyftm;? teufzGifhusrf; a&;om;
olrsm;tay:om yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfaom ar;cGef;rsm;rSm pmtkyf\tydkif;wGifyg0ifaom t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;tm;
pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJ? pOf;pm;qifjcifrItm; EId;qGay;jcif;omjzpfonf/
1/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkU\ opmrJhjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfudk rnfodkUxddcdkufoenf;? (3;3-4)
2/ *sL;vlrsKd;jzpf&jcif;aMumifh tusKd;aus;Zl; wpHkw&mSdygovm;? (3;1-8)
3/ a0zefjypfwifaompm (diatribe)[lonf tb,fenf;? (i,f 5-8)
4/ vkyfaqmifrIrygbJ? aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&ygu vlonf
rnfodkUwm0efodwwfpGm toufSifoenf;? (3;8)
5/ vHk;0OkHysufpD;jcif;[laom "roabmw&m;(uJvfAift,l0g')tm; t"dyg,fzGihfqdkyg/ (3;10-18)
6/ armaS\ynwfw&m; a,bk,s&nfG,fcsufrSm tb,fenf;? (3;20/ *vmwd 3;24-25)
7/ vlom;usqif;jcif;taMumif;jzpfonfh a&mr 1-3twGif; tb,fhaMumifh pmwefudkrabmfjy oenf;?

a&mrMo0g'pm 3;21-31 tm; usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnfjcif;

u/ a&mr 3;21-31
1/ 1;18- 3;20tm; tpGrf;ukeftusOf;csLHUjcif;
2/ 1;16-17\qdkvdkcsuf
3/ tcef;BuD; 4-8(txl;ojzifh 3;28)\rdwfquf
c/ aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&mwnfapjcif; Mo0g'\tpGrf;ukef tusOf;csLHU
udk tv,facwf jyefvnfjyifqifa&;orm;rsm;(Reformers rmwifvlomESifh tvm;wl yk*dKvfrsm;)u
azmfjycJhMuonf/
1/ rmwifvlom - ]]Mo0g'pmESifh ormusrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;\t"dutcsufESihf A[dkcsufrjzpf
onf/}}
2/ *RefuJvfAif - ]]c&pfawmftxJ ay:vGifaombk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;tm; usrf;ydk'f
xuf ydkxifSm;pGm azmfjyaomusrf;csufonf ormusrf;pmwpftkyfvHk; rSdoavmufjzpf
onf/}}
*/ if;onf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; c&pf,mefrsm;\"roabmw&m; tESpfom&jzpfonf/ usrf;ydk'f
tm;em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;onf c&pf,mefjzpfjcif;tm; em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;jzpfonf/
a,m[ef 3;16 onf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm; usrf;csufwpfcsufwnf;jzifh azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf
enf;wl if;onf pmydk'fESpfydk'fjzifh azmfjyaom{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;jzpfonf/ if;onf {0Ha*vd
owif;aumif;tm; aygvkwifjyjcif;\ toJESvHk;ESifhtoufjzpfonf/
teufjyefrItwGuf aomhcsufar;cGef;oHk;ckrSm
1/ ]]ynwfw&m;awmf}}[laom a0g[m&onf rnfonfht&mudk qdkvdkoenf;?
125

2/ ]]bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;}}[laom pum;pkonf rnfonfht&mudk qdkvdkoenf;?

3/ ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif; (faith)ESifh ,HkMunfjcif; (believe)a0g[m&ESpfvHk;wdkUonf rnfonfht&m
udkqdkvdkoenf;?
C/ uREkfyfonf ti,f 22 (i,f 29)u ]]tm;vHk;}}qdkaom pum;vHk;ESifh]]vufaqmif}}(5;15?17/ 6;23)
qdkonfhpum;vHk;rsm;aMumifh bk&m;ocifudk aus;Zl;wifygonf/

pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pkavhvmrI
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / / 3;21-26
21
,ckrlum; ynwdusrf;ESifhya&mzufusrf;rsm; oufaocHonfESifhtnD ynwfw&m;ESifhrpyfqdkifbJ?
bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;onf xifSm;ay:vGifvmcJhNyD/ 22if; rSm ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;twGuf
jzpfaom? a,Ic&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;rS&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;jzpfonf/
23
taMumif;rSm tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf tjypfjyKcJhMuNyDjzpf bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfudk rrSDMuacs/
24
c&pfawmf a,ItxJSdaom aG;EIwfjcif;rSwqifh? aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh tcrJhajzmifhrwfapjcif;cHcJh
MuNyD/ 25bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmf\taoG;awmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh tjypfajz&m,Zftjzpf
xdktSiftm; vlxkaSUarSmuf jyocJhonf/ if;rSm ,cifu usL;vGefcJhNyD;aomtjypfrsm;udk rSwfawmf
rrlbJ? onf;cHawmfrl&m bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;tm; ay:vGifxifSm;ap&efjzpf
onf/ 26ay:vGifxifSm;ap&ef[kqdk&m bk&m;ocifonf a,Itm;,HkMunfoludk ajzmifhrwfapolESifh
(xdkodkYjyK&m) ajzmifhrwfawmfrlap&ef ,ckvufSdumv(ay:vGifxifSm;aom) ol\ajzmifhrwfawmfrl
jcif;tm;qdkvdkonf/
3;21 ]],ckrlum;}}aygvkonf y#dnmOfw&m;a[mif;ESihf y#dnmOfw&m;topf? acwfa[mif;qefUusifykefuefrI
ESifh acwfopfajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;wdkUtm; EIdif;,SOfjyaejcif;jzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh ]],ckvufSdumv}}onf (i,f
26 ESifh]],ckrlum;}} - 6;22/ 7;6)ESifh wlnDaomusrf;NydKifrsm;jzpfMuonf/
]]ynwfw&m;ESifh rpyfqdkifaom}}aygvkonf armaS\ynwdusrf;udk &nfnTef;jcif;avm (NASB)
odkYr[kwf udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&mw&m; (law)tm;vHk;udkjcHK nTef;jcif;avm(NRSV, TEV, NJB, NIV) tzGifh
tcef;BuD;rsm;xJ aocsmajym&efcufcJonf/ usrf;csufrl aygvk\ajymyHkrSm *sL;ynwdusrf;tm; &nfnTef;
aMumif; taumif;qHk;ajymEkdifonf/ vlom;tm;vHk;onf csrSwforQ udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&mESifh vlUtzGJUtpnf;
qdkif&mw&m;Oya'(law)rsm;udk pdwftm;jzifhjzpfap? jyifyvkyfaqmifrItm;jzifhjzpfap azgufzsufMuonf/
usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;taejzifh uRefawmfwdkU\jyomemrSm rdrdwdkU\tw? rdrdtwudk A[dkjyKaompdwfqE
rsm;(urm 3)uvTJvQif rnfonfhvrf;nTefrIudkrS rvdkvm;jcif;jzpfonf/ if;rSm ,aeUacwf taemufwdkif;\
woD;yk*v0g' txiftSm;awGU&onf/

NASB
NKJV, NRSV
TEV
NJB

]]bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;}}
]]bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;}}
]]vlrsm;rdrdESifh rSefuefap&ef bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;}}
]]bk&m;ocif\u,fwifaomw&m;rQwrI}}
126

]]ajzmihfrwfjcif;}}pum;vHk; oD;oefU&nfnTef;rIjyaom(the)rygSdacs/ if;onf bk&m;ocif\pdkufvu

Pm udkajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? tjypfSdvlom;rsm;tm; tjypfvGwfjcif;ESifh vufoifhcHjcif;enf;vrf;udkajymygonf/
pum;pkudkyif a&mr 1;16-17\"roabmw&m; OD;wnfcsuftjzpfoHk;onf/ Sif;vif;pGm zGifhjyxm;onfh
,E&m;rSm vuf0g;uyfwdkifay:wifowfjcif;cHol a,Ic&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif;jzpfonf/ (i,f 22?
24-26)
pum;vHk;(dikaioson)ESifh if;rS qif;oufvmaom pum;vHk;rsm;(2;13\rSwfcsufMunfhyg)rMum
cP oHk;yHkudkMunfhvQif if;\t"dyg,fjynfh0yHkudkjyonf/ (1;17/ 3;5? 21? 22? 25? 26/ 4;3? 5? 6? 9? 11?
13? 22/ 5;17? 21/ 6;13? 16? 18? 19? 20/ 8;10/ 9;28? 30? 31/ 10;3? 4? 5? 6? 10? 17)/
*&da0g[m&rSm ]]pHcsdefwpfck}}(0g)]]wdkif;wmp&musL;pvHk;wpfvHk;}}(1;17 \txl;taMumif;t&mMunfhyg)
tm; wifpm;toHk;jyKonfh "ra[mif;usrf;pum;vHk;(tsadak)rSvmonf/ xdkpHcsdefrSm bk&m;ocifudk,fwdkifjzpf
onf/ a0g[m&onf usqif;aomvlom;tm; c&pfawmfrSwqifh tcrJhay;onfh bk&m;ocif\pkduf
vuPmudk ay:vGifaponf/ (tcef;BuD; 4/ 2aum 5;21)rdrdwdkU\vdktyfrIudk0efcHum? bk&m;ocif\ tcrJh
vufaqmiftm;vufcH &efrSm rmeBuD;aom? twA[dkjyKaomvlom;rsm; txl;ojzifh enf;Oya'oorm;rsm;?
bmoma&;orm;rsm;twGuf edrfhus&musvGef;vsufSdonf/
]]xifSm;ay:vGifvmcJhNyD}}pum;pkrSm 1;17ESifhqifwlonf/ odkUaomf Bud,m\TENSE rSmuGJjym;onf/
ae&m xdkBud,mudk]]tvGefSif;vif;pGm xifSm;ay:vGifcJhNyD; qufvufay:vGifaeonf}}[k bmomjyefEkdif
onf/ ae&m PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVEjzpfNyD;? tvm;wl 1;17 PRESENT PASSIVE INDICATIVE
jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm; "ra[mif;usrf;(tcef;BuD; 4)ESifh a,ItxJESpfckpvHk;
Sif;vif;pGm azmfjycJhNyDjzpfonf/
]]ynwdusrf;ESifhya&mzufusrf;rsm; oufaocHonfESifht nD}} if;onf tydkif;oHk;ydkif;Sdaom a[NAJusrf;
(ynwdusrf;? ya&mzufusrf;rsm;ESifhpmayrsm;)teufESpfcktm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfonf/ yxrESpfrsKd;tm; wpfck
vHk;udk&nfnTef;&efoHk;onf/ (3;19 \rSwfpkESifh rJ 5;17 wdkUudkMunfhyg)/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf
"ra[mif;usrf; ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;oabmyg0ifaMumif; tcsufu xifSm;pGm jyaeygonf (vkum 24;27? 44/
wrefawmf 10;43)/ if;rSm aemufrSay:vmaomtawG;? pDrHcsuf]]c}}(0g) ta&;ay:tavmwBuD;jzifh tm;oGef
vkyf&aom aemufqHk;ydwf tpDtpOfrsKd;r[kwfacs/ (1;2)
3;22 ]]a,Ic&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;rS}}if;rSm vHk;aphywfaphtm;jzifh ]]a,Ic&pfawmfESifhqdkifaom
,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh}}[ljzpfonf/ if;rSm o'goabmt& ydkifqdkifjcif;jyaomyk'frsKd;jzpfonf/ if;ukd *vmwd
2;16/ zd 3;9/ a&mr 3;26/ *vmwd 2;16? 20/ 3;22wdkUrSm enf;wltoHk;jyKonf/ t"dyg,fESpfrsKd;SdEkdif onf/
1/ a,I\,HkMunfjcif; (0g)? opmSdjcif; (SUBJECTIVE GENITIVE)
2/ uRefawmfwdkU ,HkMunf&mtaMumif;w&m;jzpfola,I (ORJECTIVE GENITIVE)
tvm;wlo'gzGJUpnf;yHkjzpfaom *vm 2;16 t&#2 rSm taumif;qHk;jzpfonf/
if;onf bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;taMumif; t"dursufESmpmudkazmfjyonf/ vlwpfa,muf\b0
toufwmxJ ouf0ifvIyfSm;onfrSm bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;jzpfNyD;? if;rSm c&pfawmfrSwqifh tcrJhay;
aom bk&m;ocif\vufaqmifjzpfonf/ (4;5/ 6;23)/ if;udk ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif;tm;jzifh vufcH&rnfjzpfNyD;
({zuf 2;8-9) uRefawmfwdkU\toufwm toufSifay:vGifvmonf/ ({zuf 1;4/ 2;10)/

127

]]tm;vHk;twGuf}}{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf vlom;tm;vHk;twGufjzpfonf/ (i,f 24/ a[ 53;6/ a,Z

18;23-32/ a,m[ef 3;16-17/ 4;42/ 2wd 2;4/ 4;10/ wdwk 2;11/ 2ay 3;;9/ 1a,m 2;1/ 4;14)/ BuD;rm;
vSaomormw&m;ygwum;! if;onf ormusrf;enf;us ormw&m;jzpfaom aG;cs,fjcif;ESihfvdkufavsm
nDaxGSd&ayrnf/ bk&m;ocif\aG;cs,fjcif;tm; pdwfydkif;jzwfjcif;0g'qdkif&m tpvrft,l0g'tjrifrsKd;(0g)
vGefuJaomuJvfAif0g'rsKd;uJhodkUrjrifbJ? y#dnOfjyKjcif;qdkif&mtjrifrsKd;jzifh jrif&ygrnf/ "ra[mif;acwf
aG;cs,f jcif;onf trIaqmifGufjcif;twGufjzpfNyD;? tcGifhxl;r[kwfacs! usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;udku,f&ef
bk&m;ocifuwday;cJhonf (urm 3;15)/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;wpf&yfvHk;tm; tpa&;rSwqifh ac:zdwf
onf/ (urm 12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6)/ bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh aG;cs,fonf/
u,fwifjcif;udp bk&m;ocifonf tpjyKaqmifGufavhSdonf/ (a,m[ef 6;44? 65)/ "roabmw&m;t&
Mo*pfpwifESifhuJvfAifwdkU txl;jyKcJhMuonfh BudKwifcefUxm; jcif;0g'twGuf {zuf 1ESifh a&mr 9wdkUrSm cdkifrm
rItSdqHk; ormusrf;ydk'frsm;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfolrsm;udk u,fwifjcif;(ajzmifhrwfapjcif;) twGufomvQifr[kwfbJ? oefUSif;
pifMu,fjcif;twGufyg aG;cs,fonf/ ({zuf 1;4/ aum 1;12)/ if;ESifhqufpyfEkdifonfrSm
1/ c&pfawmftxJ igwdkU\taetxm; (2aum 5;21)
2/ rdrdom;orD;rsm;txJrS rdrd\pdkufvuPm jyefvnfxifSm;apvdkonfh bk&m;ocif\pdwfqE
(a&mr 8;28-29/ *vmwd 4;19/ {zuf 2;10)/ rdrdom;orD;rsm;twGuf bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmf
rSm wpfaeUaomtcg aumif;uifEkdifiHawmfESifh ,ckvufSd c&pfawmfESifhwlnDjcif; ESpfrsKd;pvHk;jzpf
onf/
BudKwifcefUxm;jcif;\yef;wdkifrSm oefUSif;pifMu,fjcif;jzpfNyD; ({zuf 1;4) txl;tcGifhta&; r[kwfacs!
bk&m;ocif\aG;cs,frIrSm tm'H\om;orD; tenf;tusOf;rQomr[kwfbJ? tm;vHk;udkaG;cs,fonf! if;onf
bk&m;ocif\pdkufvuPmtm;ydkifqdkif&ef ac:zdwfjcif;jzpfonf/ (1ouf 5;23/ 2ouf 2;13)/ BudKwifaG;
cs,fcefUxm;jcif;tm;? oefUSif;pifMu,fjcif;tpm;? "roabmw&m;qdkif&m t,l0g'wpfrsKd;jzpfoGm;apjcif;rSm
vl\"roabmw&m; pHepf\tjzpfqdk;wpf&yfomvQifjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkU\"roabmw&m;qdkif&m abmif
cwfrIrsm;onf ormusrf;pmudk yHkyef;ysufjym;oGm;apavhSdonf!
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ aG;cs,fjcif;^BudKwifcefUxm;jcif;ESifh "roabmw&m; csdefcGifvQmnD&ef vdktyf
jcif;-8;33 Munfhyg/
]],HkMunfolrsm;}}a,ItaocHcJhonfrSm vlom;tm;vHk;twGufjzpfonf/ vlom;tm;vHk; u,fwifjcif;
&Sd&ef tvm;tvmSdonf/ a,I\ajzmihfrwfjcif;tm; rdrdb0twGufjzpfvmaponfrSm (1;16/ a,m[ef
1;12/ 3;16/ 20;31/ a&mr 10;9-13/ 1a,m 5;13) vlom;\vufcHrIyifjzpfonf/ (PRESENT PARTICIPLE
10;4 \txl;taMumif;t&mMunfhyg)/ ajzmihfrwfoltjzpf owfrSwfjcif;cH&ef vdktyfaompHEIef;ESpfck orm
usrf;pm azmfjyxm;&m ,HkMunfjcif;ESihftjypftm;aemifw&jcif;jzpfonf/ (rmuk 1;15/ wref 3;16?19/
20;31 ESifh 1;5 \rSwfcsufudkvnf;Munfhyg)/ u,fwifjcif;udk vlom; xkwpf&yfvHk;tm; ay;prf;aeaomfvnf;
tjzpfqdk;ESifhvQKdU0SufcsufrSm tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf u,fwifjcif;r&aMumif; usrf;ydk'f Sif;vif;pGmazmfjy
onf/
]]taMumif;rlum; jcm;em;jcif;rSd}}vlom;rsm; (*sL;ESifhwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;) u,fwifjcif;&Ekdif&ef wpfOD;
wnf;aom yk*dKvfESifhvrf;wpfvrf;wnf;omSdonf/ (a,m? 10;1-2? 7/ 11;25/ 14;6)/ c&pfawmftm;
128

udk;pm;,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh b,folrqdk? vlwdkif;u,fwifjcif;&Ekdifonf/ (1;16/ 4;11?16/ 10;4?12/ *vmwd

3;28/ aum 3;11)/
3;23-26 if;onf *&drl&if;pm 0guswpfckwnf;jzpfonf/
3;23
NASB, NKJV
NRSV

]]taMumif;rSm tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf tjypfjyKcJhMuNyDjzpf? bk&m;ocif\

bkef;awmfudk rrSDMuacs/
TEV
]]vltm;vHk;wdkUonf tjypfjyKcJhMuNyDjzpf...rStvSrf;a0;cJhMuNyD/
NJB
]]tjypfjyK? tqHk;cHcJhMuNyD}}
if;onf 1;18-3;20tm; tusOf;csLHUjcif;jzpfonf/ vlwdkif;c&pfawmftm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;&Sd&ef vdktyf
onf/ (3;9? 19/ 11;32/ *vmwd 3;22/ a[Sm 53;6) ]]tjypfjyKcJhonf}}qdkonfrSm AORIST ACTIVE
INDICATIVE jzpfNyD;? ]]qufvuf...rrSDMu}}qdkonfrSm PRESENT MIDDLE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/
pum;pk\ jzpfEdkifajcSdaom&nfnTef;csufrSm (1) vlom;onf tm'H wpfwpfaygif;wnf;usqif;jcif;
(5;12-21) ESifh (2)vlom;wpfOD;csif;\ qufvufykefuefqefUusifaom tjyKtrljzpfonf/ acwfopft*Fvdyf
bmomjyefusrf; wpfusrf;urS uGJjym;jcm;em;rIudk xif[yfazmfjyjcif; rSdacs/
ti,fonf "roabmtm;jzifh ti,f 21 ESifhqufpyfum? ti,f 24 ESifhwdkufkdufqufpyfjcif;
rSdacs/
]]bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf}} vlom;wdkUudk bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmfESihftnD zefqif;jcif;jzpfNyD; (urm
1;26-27)tjcm;rnfonfh tzefqif;cHow0grS xdkodkUr[kwfacs/ vlom;rsm;onf bkef;awmfSif bk&m;ocif
ESifhrdwfom[,jyKum? ol\pdkufawmftm; xif[yfay:vGifaeap&efjzpfonf/ tjypfonf o@mefawmf
tm; zsufpD;ypfcJhaomfvnf; c&pfawmf\aojcif;w&m;rS xajrmufjcif;rSwqifh bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfESifh
,HkMunfol\,HkMunfjcif;onf tqdkygo@mefawmfudk e*dkaejyefjzpfay:aponf/ (aum 3;10)
"ra[mif;usrf;xJu ]]bkef;awmf}} glory twGuf a[NAJpum;vHk; (kbd) rSm rl&if;tm;jzifh ukefonfoHk;
a0g[m&]csdefcGif}}[ljzpfNyD; t"dyg,frSm]]tav;pD;}}onf[ljzpf\/ atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/ bkef;awmf^bkef;wefcdk;awmf

ormusrf;vm]]bkef;wefcdk;}}glory \oabmtm; t"dyg,fowfrSwf&efcufcJonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;\

bkef;awmf[lonfrSm olwdkUonf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;ESihf bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfudk em;vnfMujcif;jzpfNyD;
olwdkYudk,fwdkif bkef;wefcdk;rSdacs/ (a,&? 9;23-24)
"ra[mif;usrf; ]]glory-bkef;awmf}}(kbd, BDB 217)twGuf oHk;aoma[NAJpum;vHk;rSm rl&if;tm;jzifh
ukefonfa0g[m&jzpfNyD; (tav;pD;onf)rS t"dyg,fSdonf/ av;aomt&mrSm wefbdk;BuD;rm;onf(0g)yif
udk,fwefbdk;Sdonf/ bk&m;ocif\crf;em;x,f0grItm; azmfjyaompum;vHk;tjzpfoHk;&m xGef;vif;awmuf
yjcif;oabmaqmifaom t,ltqay:vGifap&ef jznfhpGuftoHk;jyKavhSdonf/ (xGuf 19;16-18/ 24;17/
a[Sm 60;1-2)olwpfyg;wnf;omvQif xdkufwefum? *kPfjyKxdkufawmfrlonf/ olonf tjypfjyKaomvlom;
rsm;MunfhI&ef awmufyvGef;vSonf/ (xGuf 33;17-23/ a[Sm 6;5) tSifxm0&bk&m;ocif (YHWH)tm;
c&pfawmfrSwqifhtm;jzifhom ppfrSefpGm odEdkifonf/ (a,m 14;8-11 aum 1;15/ a[NAJ 1;3/ ,mukyf 2;1)/
129

]]bkef;awmf}}(glory)[laoma0g[m&rSm t"dyg,froJuGJacs/
1/ if;onf ]]bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;}}ESifh tvm;wljzpfEdkifonf/
2/ if;onf bk&m;ocif\]]oefUSif;awmfrljcif;}}(0g)]]pHkvifjynfh0awmfrljcif;}}tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpf
Edkifonf/
3/ if;onf vlom;tm; zefqif;&mjzpfonfh bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmfukd &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdif
onf/(urm 1;26-27/ 5;1/ 9;6)odkUaomf if;rSm qefUusifykefuefrIaMumifh aemufydkif;
ysuf,Gif;oGm;cJh&onf/ (urm 3;1-22)/ tSifxm0&bk&m;ocif(YHWH)onf rdrd\vlrsKd;awmf
ESihftwlSdaejcif;tm;azmfjy&ef xdkpum;vHk;tm; yxrOD;qHk;toHk;jyKonfrSm (oJuE&xJ vSnfh
vnfoGm;vmpOfumvjzpfonf/ xGuf 16;7? 10/ 0wf 9;23/ awm 14;10)
3;24 ]]aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh tcrJhajzmifhrwfjcif;cHcJhMuNyD}}if;onf PRESENT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpf
onf/ if;rSm {0Ha*vd owif;aumif; tpjyK&mjzpfaom? ajzmihfrwfjcif;&Sdaponfh bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;
awmfjzpfonf/ (5;15-17/ 6;23/ {zuf 2;8-9)/ ]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}[laom*&da0g[m& (dikaio)onf
]]ajzmihfrwfjcif;}}(dikaiosun 1;17\txl;taMumif;t&mMunfhyg)ESihf tjrpfwlpum;vHk;rS qif;oufvmjcif;
jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tpjyKjcif; jyKavhSdonf/ (a,m[ef 6;44? 65)
ti,f 24-25 u,fwifjcif;tm; a&;om;azmfjy&m oHk;aomwifpm;rI oHk;ckSdonf/
1/
]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}if;onf w&m;Oya'qdkif&m a0g[m&jzpfNyD; ]]jypf'PfcsrSwfjcif;rjyK}}(0g)
]]tjypfSdoltjzpf ausmnmjcif;rjyK}}[ljzpfonf/
2/
]]aG;EIwfjcif;}}if;onf uRefaps;oHk;aoma0g[m&jzpfNyD; ]]jyef0,f,lonf}}(0g)]]vTwfvdkuf
onf}}[ljzpf\/
3/
]]tjypfajzjcif;}}if;onf ,ZfylaZmfjcif; pHepfrSvmaoma0g[m&jzpfNyD;? zHk;tkyf&m(0g)]]aMuat;
jcif;jyK&mae&m}}[kt"dyg,fSdonf/ if;onf tjypfajz&maeU ,ZfylaZmfaom,Zfaumif\
taoG;udkzsef;&mae&mjzpfaom y#dnOfaowmawmf\tzHk;tm; &nfnTef;onf/(0wf 16/ a[NAJ
9;5)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / u,fwifjcif;&aMumif; "ropfusrf;taxmuftxm;

if;onf a,ItxJ y#dnOfw&m;opfay: tajcjyKonf/ (a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;22-38)
1/ crnf;awmf\pkdufvuPm (a,m[ef 3;16)om;awmf\tvkyf (2aum 5;21)ESifh 0dnmOfawmf\
aqmifGufjcif;(a&mr 8;14-16)jzpfNyD; vlom;\vkyfaqmifrI? emcHrIaMumihf&Sdaom usoifhonfh
tbdk;tcr[kwf? bmoma&;wpf&yftm; ,HkMunfjcif;rQomr[kwfacs/
2/ if;rSm vufaqmifwpfckjzpfonf (a&mr 3;24/ 6;23/ {zuf 2;5? 8-9)
3/ if;rSm topfaomtouf? topfaomurmUtjrifwpfckjzpfonf/ (,mukyfESifh 1a,m[ef)
4/ if;rSm odSdjcif;?({0Ha*vdowif;aumif;)rdwfo[m,jzpfjcif;? (a,Itm; ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh a,IESifh
twlSdaejcif;)? topfaomtoufSifjcif;yHkpHwpfck(0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifjcif;jzifh c&pfawmfESifhwl
jcif;) oHk;rsKd;pvHk;jzpfNyD;? if;wdkUteuf wpfckckrQomr[kwfacs/
5/ ppfrSefaomu,fwifjcif;tm; ppfaq;jcif;udk 1a,m 2;3/ 3;3 usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh
&aom tjrifjzifhMunfhyg/
130

]]vufaqmif}}aygvkonf oabmtm; uGJjym;jcm;em;aoma0g[m&rsm;oHk;um tBudrfaygif;tawmfrsm;

rsm;oHk;onf/
1/ drean ADVERB ]]tcrJh}}
2/ drea NOUN ]]tcrJhvufaqmif}}
3/ dro NOUN ]]vufaqmif}} ({zuf 2;8)
4/ charisma NOUN ]]ta<u;aMu ]]tcrJhrsufESmom}} (1;11/ 5;15? 16/ 6;23/ 11;29/ 12;6)
5/ charisomai VERB ]]tcrJhrsufESmomtjzpf cGifhjyKay;oem;onf}} (8;32)
6/ charis NOUN ]]tcrJhrsufESmom}} (0g) ]]tcrJhvufaqmif}} (4;4? 16/ 11;5?6/ {zuf 2;5? 8)
]]c&pfawmfa,ItxJSdaom aG;EIwfjcif;}}uREfkyfwdkU\u,fwifjcif;,E&m;rSm a,I\udk,fpm;jyK
taocHjcif;ESifh jyefSifxajrmufjcif;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmtvdkus t"dutcsufrSm rnfrQay;qyfcJhNyD(0g)
rnfoltwGuf ay;qyfonfr[kwfbJ(Mo*pfpwif;) tjypfuif;aomol\tpm;xdk;rIaMumifh vlom;onf tjypf
aMumihf tjypfSdjcif;ESifh jypf'PfrSu,fvTwfcHcJhNyD[laom tjzpfrSefomvQifjzpfonf/ (a,m 1;29? 36/ 2aum
5;21/ 1ay 1;19)/
tqdkygusrf;ydk'fi,fonf urm 3;15udkvnf; t&dyft>rufjyygonf/ a,Ionf usdefqJjcif;udkxrf;um
(*vmwd 3;13) usqif;aomvlom;rsKd;EG,f\udk,fpm;? taocHcJhonf/ (2aum 5;21)/ u,fwifjcif;udk tcrJh
&Ekdifaomfvnf;? if;rSm trSefpifppf aps;csKdum;r[kwfacs!

txl;taMumif;t&m/
I.

/aG;EIwfonf

"ra[mif;usrf;
u/ oabmaqmifaom w&m;Oya'qdkif&m rlva[NAJa0g[m& ESpfvHk;Sdonf/
1/

c/

]]wef&mwefbdk;ay;vTwfonf}}[ljzpfonf/
aygif;pyfaoma0g[m&\t"dyg,frSm rdom;pk0ifwpfOD;OD;\(aqGrsKd;om;csif;?aG;EIwfol) Mum;
0ifaqmifGufrIoabmudkjyonf/ "avhxHk;pHt&0wKypnf;rsm;? wd&pmefrsm;? ajr,mrsm;
(0wf 25?27)odkUr[kwf aqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm;tm; (ko 4;15/ a[Sm 29;22) aG;EIwfydkifcGifhudk
"roabmw&m;tm;jzifh tSifxm0&bk&m;ocifYHWH utpa&;tm; tD*spfEdkifiHrS u,fEIwf
jcif;tm; azmfjyajymqdk&m ajymif;vJtoHk;jyKonf/ (xGuf 6;6/ 15;13/ qmvH 74;2/
77;15/ a,& 31;11)/ bk&m;ocifrSm ]]aG;EIwfaomtSif}}jzpfvmonf/ (a,mb 19;25/
qmvH 19;14/ 78;35/ okwH 23;11/ a[Sm 41;14/ 43;14/ 44;6?24/ 47;4/ 48;17/
49;7? 26/ 54;5? 8/ 59;20/ 60;16/ 63;16/ a,& 50;34)/
2/ Padah (BDB 804)/ if;\tajccHrSm ]]u,fvTwfonf}}-]]to deliver}}odkUr[kwf]]u,fq,f
onf}}-rescue[lt"dyg,fSdonf/
(u) om;OD;tm;aG;EIwfjcif; (xGuf 13;13? 14/ awm 18;15-17)
(c) udk,fcEmaG;EIwfjcif;rSm 0dnmOfa&;&maG;EIwfjcif;ESihfrwl uJGjym;jcm;em;onf/(qm 49;7?
8? 15)
(*) YHWH onf tpa&;tm; olwdkUtjypfESihf awmfvSefykefuefrIrsm;rS aG;EIwfvdrfhrnf
(qmvH 130;7-8)
"roabmw&m;t& qufpyfaomt,ltqtawmfrsm;rsm; yg0ifonf/
Ga'al

(BDB

145,1)if;\rlvt"dyg,frSm

131

1/ vdktyfcsufwpf&yf? uRefcHrIwpfck?odrf;,lcHjcif;wpf&yf tusOf;uscHjcif;wpfckSd&ef vdktyfonf/

(u) udk,fum,
(c) vlrIa&;
(*) 0dnmOfa&; (qmvH 130;8)
2/ vGwfvyfjcif;? jznfvTwfjcif;ESifhe*dkaejyefjzpfapa&;twGuf wef&mwefbdk;wpfckckay;qyf&ef
vdktyfonf/
(u) tpa&;trsKd;om;rsm;ESifhqdkif (w&m; 7;8)
(c) vlwpfOD;csif;ESihfqdkif (a,mb 19;25-27/ 33;28)
3/ wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomolonf Mum;0ifaqmifGufolESihfaus;Zl;jyKol apwemSiftjzpfaqmif
Guf&efvdkonf/ Gaal [laoma0g[m&t& wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomolonf rdom;pk0ifwpf
a,muf(0g) eD;pyfaomaqGrsKd;wpfa,mufjzpfavhSdonf/ (Oyrm? go'el BDB)
4/ YHWH onf rdrdudk,frdrd rdom;pkqdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;jzifh azmfjyavhSdonf/
(u) zcif
(c) vifa,musfm;
(*) eD;pyfaomaqGrsKd;om;csif;^jypf'Pfay;ol/ (Avenger)aG;EIwfjcif;tm; YHWHudk,f
wdkif\ udk,fpm;vS,ftvkyftm;jzifh&avhSdonf/ wef&mwefbdk;udkay;acsum? aG;EIwf
jcif;tm; aqmifGufNyD;pD;aponf/
II.

"rmopfusrf;
u/ taMumif; "roabmw&m;tm;jzifh azmfjyaom a0g[m&tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf
1/

(1aum 6;20/ 7;23/ 2ay 2;1/ Asm 5;9/ 14;3-4)/ if;onf ukefonfoHk;
a0g[m &jzpfNyD; wpfpHkwpf&m\wefbdk;tm; ay;acsjcif;udk xif[yfay:vGifaponf/
uREfkyfwdkUonf
rdrdwdkUb0udk
rdrdrxdef;csKyfaomol?taoG;tm;jzifhaG;0,fjcif;
cHolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ uRefawmf wdkUudk c&pfawmfuykdifqdkifonf/
2/ Exagoraz (*vmwd 3;13/ 4;5/ {zuf 5;16/ aum 4;5)/ if;onfvnf; ukefonfoHk;
a0g[m&jzpfonf/ if;onf uRefawmfwdkUudk,fpm; a,I\tpm;xdk; taocHjcif;udk ay:vGif
aponf/ a,Ionf ynwfw&m;\aqmifGufrIwpfrsKd;jzpfaom ]]usdefqJjcif;}}udk xrf;cJh
onf/(armaS\ynwdusrf;/ {zuf 2;14-16/ aum 2;14)/ if;rSm tjypfSdolvlom;rsm;
raqmifGufEkdifaomt&mjzpfonf/ olonf xdkusdefqJjcif;udk(w&m; 21;23) uRefawmfwdkU
tm;vHk;twGuf(rmuk 10;45/ 2aum 5;21)xrf;ay;onf! bk&m;ocif\w&m;rQwrIESifh
cspfjcif;arwmonf a,ItxJ tjynfht0tjypfvTwfjcif;? vufcHESifhcsOf;uyfjcif;tjzpfodkU
ajymif;vJoGm;onf!
3/ Lu ]]vTwfajrmufaponf}}
(u) Lutro]]ay;acsxm;aomwefbdk;}}(rJ 20;28/ rmuk 10;45)rdrdrwifonfh tjypf
a<u;tm;qyfay;jcif;jzifh? avmu\u,fwifSifjzpfvm&ef rdrd<uvmjcif;\&nfG,f
csufESifhqdkifvsuf a,I\EIwfrSxGufvmaom wefcdk;BuD;pum;vHk;rsm;jzpfonf/ (a,m
1;29)
(c) Lutro ]]jznfvTwfonf}}
Agoraz

132

(1)
(2)

(*)

4/

tpa&;udk aG;EIwf&ef (vk 24;21)

vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;tm;aG;EIwf&ef rdrdudk,frdrday;qyfum oefUpifap&ef (wdwk
2;14)
(3) tjypfuif;pifaom tpm;xdk;&mtjzpf (1ay 1;18-19)
Lutrosis ]]aG;EIwfjcif;}} ]]u,fEIwfjcif;}} (0g) ]]vGwfajrmufapjcif;}}
(1) a,ItaMumif; Zmc&d\ya&mzufpum;? vkum 1;68
(2) a,IaMumifh tEu bk&m;ociftm; csD;rGrf;jcif;/ vkum 2;38
(3) wpfcgwnf;ESifhtjywfjzpfaom? ydkomvGefonfh a,I\,ZfylaZmfjcif;? a[NAJ
9;12

Apolytris

(u) 'kwd,tBudrfjyefvnf<uvmcsdef aG;EIwfjcif; (wrefawmf 3;19-21)

(1) vkum 21;28
(2) a&mr 8;23
(3) {zuf 1;14/ 4;30
(4) a[NAJ 9;15
(c) c&pfawmftaocHjcif; aG;EIwfjcif;
(1) a&mr 3;24
(2) 1aum 1;30
(3) {zuf 1;7
(4) aumavmoJ 1;14
5/ Antilytron (1wd 2;6)/ if;onf wdwk 2;14 uJhodkU tvGefta&;BuD;aomusrf;csufjzpf&m
olonf vufoifhcHEkdifbG,f&mwpfckwnf;aom ,ZfylaZmf&mjzpfol ]]cyfodrf;aomolwdkY}}twGuf
taocHoljzpfonf/ (a,m 1;29/ 3;16-17/ 4;42/ 1wd 2;4/ 4;10/ wdwk 2;11/ 2ay 3;9/
1a,m 2;2/ 4;14)

c/ "ropfusrf;rS "roabmw&m;tjrifrSm
(1)
(2)

vlom;onf tjypf\uRefjyKjcif; cHaeonf (a,m 8;34/ a&mr 3;10-18/ 6;23)

vlom;onf tjypf\aus;uRefjzpfjcif;tm; "ra[mif;u armaS\ynwdusrf;ESihf
(*vmwd 3) a,I\awmifay:a'oemawmf (rJ 5-7)tm;jzifh ay:vGifxifSm;ap
onf/ vlom;\aqmifGufrIonf ao'PfpD&ifcsufjzpfvmonf/ (aum 2;14)
(3) tjypfESifhuif;pifaom bk&m;ocif\odk;oli,fa,Ionf uRefawmfwdkU\ae&m tpm;
xdk;taocH&ef <uvmcJhNyD/ (a,m 1;29/ 2aum 5;21)/ uRefawmfwdkUonf bk&m;ocif
udktapcHEkdif&eftvdkUiSg? tjypfvufatmufrS aG;0,fjcif;cHcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/ (a&mr 6)
(4) YHWH ESifh a,IwdkUrSm uRefawmfwdkUbufrSaeum aqmifGufay;ol]]eD;pyfaomaqGrsKd;
om;csif;}} jzpfMuonf/ if;ukd rdom;pkqdkif&m wifpm;aoma0g[m&rsm;jzifh qufvuf
azmfjyonf/ (zcif? vifa,musfm;? om;? nDtpfudk? eD;pyfaomaqGrsKd;om;csif;)/
(5) aG;EIwfjcif;[lonf pmwefxHay;acsonfh usoifhaomwefbdk;r[kwfbJ(tv,facwf
"rynm) bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGwfpum;awmfESifh bk&m;ocif\w&m;rQwrIwdkUtm; bk&m;
ocif\arwmawmfESihf c&pfawmf\tjynfht0axmufyHhrIwdkYjzifh o[mZmwjzpfapjcif;
133

6/

jzpfonf/ vuf0g;uyfwdkif Nidrfoufjcif;jyefvnf&Sdonf/ vlom;\awmfvSefykefuefrI

tm; tjypfvTwfonf/ vlom;txJu bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmfonf &if;ESD;aom
rdwfo[m,tm;jzifh wzefjyef tjynfht0Sifoefvmonf!
uRefawmfwdkU\ Sifjyefxajrmufaom udk,fcEmrsm;tm;jzifh oHk;yg;wpfqlESifhyk*dKvfcsif; &if;ESD;
uRrf;0ifrI yg0ifaomtem*wfaG;EIwfjcif;[l Sdaeygao;onf/ (a&mr 8;23/ {zuf 1;14/
4;30)/ Sifjyefxajrmufaom uRefawmfwdkU\udk,fcEmrsm;onf ocifbk&m;\udk,fcEmawmf
uJhodkUjzpfvdrfhrnf/ (1a,m 3;2)/ ol kyfcEmSdaomfvnf; twdkif;tqrSm xl;uJonf/
qefUusifbufoabmESpfrsKd;tm; azmfjyaom 1aum 15;12-19ESifh 1aum 15;35-58wdkUtm;
owfrSwfcsufay;&ef cufcJonf/ kyfydkif;qdkif&m ajrBuD;cEmwpfckESifh aumif;uifqdkif&m
0dnmOf cEmwpfckSdonfrSm xifSm;onf/ a,I ESpfrsKd;vHk;Sd\/

3;25
]]bk&m;ocifonf ...xdktSiftm; vlxkaSUarSmuf jyocJhonf}}
]]bk&m;ocifonf ...xdktSiftm; jyocJhonf}}
]]bk&m;ocifonf ...xdktSiftm; axmufcHcJhonf}}
]]bk&m;ocif ay;vSLcJhonf}}
]]xdktSifudk bk&m;ocifcefUtyfcJhonf}}
if;onf protithemi \ AORIST MIDDLE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD; (a&mr 1;13 ESifh {zuf 1;9 if;onf
a&mr 8;28u NOUN enf;wl]]&nfG,fonf}}[kt"dyg,fSdonf) bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ESvHk;ESifh&nfG,fcsuf
tm; c&pfawmftaocHjcif;tm;jzifh zGifhjyawmfrlonf[k t"dyg,fSdonf/ ({zuf 1;9/ *vmwd 3;1) bk&m;
ocif\aG;EIwfjcif; tpDtpOfawmf (wref 2;23/ 3;18/ 4;28/ 13;29/ 26;22 ESifh txl;taMumif;t&m
1;5) a,I\,ZfylaZmfjcif; yg0ifonf/ (a[Sm 53;10/ Asm 13;8)/ 9;11 \rSwfcsufMunfhyg/
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

]]xifSm;ap&ef}}*&da0g[m& endeiknumai (endeixix 3;25?26)tm; a&mrMo0g'pm tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;

onf/ (2;15/ 9;17? 23/ LXX xGuf 9;16) if;\tajccHt"dyg,frSm ay:vGifaponf(0g) cif;usif;jyoonf
[ljzpf\/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\aG;EIwfjcif;qdkif&m &nfG,fcsuf? pDrHcsufESihfajzmihfrwfjcif;w&m;wdkUudk
vlom;wdkYtm; Sif;vif;pGmem;vnfapvdkonf/ pmydk'fonf ormusrf;pmenf;us urmUtjrifjzpfaom
atmufygwdkUudkazmfjyonf/
1/ bk&m;ocif\tusifhpkduftaMumif;
2/ c&pfawmf\tvkyftaMumif;
3/ vlom;\vdktyfcsuftaMumif;
4/ aG;EIwfjcif;\ &nfG,fcsuftaMumif;
bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkUudkem;vnfodSdapvdkonf! usrf;ydk'fonf c&pf,meftaMumif; aumif;pGm
em;vnfodSdEkdif&ef tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ tcsKdUpum;vHk;rsm;ESifhpum;pkwdkUrSm t"dyg,foJuGJjcif;rSd(0g) trsKd;
rsKd;jzifh em;vnfEkdifjcif;rsm;Sdaomfvnf;? usrf;ydk'fwpfckvHk;\t"dutcsufrSm tvGefdk;pif;Sif;vif;onf/
usrf;ydk'fonf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;twGuf "roabmw&m; "l0HMu,fyifjzpfonf/

NASB

]] taoG;awmftm; ...tjypfajz&mtjzpf}}
134

]]taoG;awmftm;jzifh tjypfajzp&mjzpfap&ef}}
]]taoG;awmftm;jzifh tjypfzHk;tkyfaom ,ZfylaZmfjcif;tjzpf}}
]]taoG;awmftm;jzifh vlrsm;\tjypfrsm; vTwf&jcif;taMumif;jzpfvmap&ef}}
]]jyefvnfoifhjrwfap&ef rdrdtouftm;ay;vSL&ef}}
*&d,Ofaus;rI vTrf;rdk;aoma&mrurm pum;vHk;onf pdrf;um;aomewfbk&m;wpfyg;ESifh ay;qyfaom
wef&mweffbdk;tm;jzifh jyefvnfrdwfo[m,jzpfjcif; oabmudkaqmifonf/ odkUaomf bmomjyef *&d"ra[mif;
usrf; Septuagint (LXX) t"dyg,fjzifh roHk;acs/ if;pum;vHk;udk Septuagint ESifh a[NAJ 9;5 ]]aus;Zl;
awmfyvif}}-mercy seat tjzpf bmomjyefonf/ (xGuf 25;21-22/ 0wf 16;12-15)/ if;rSm toefUSif;qHk;
iSgeawmftxJ xm;Sdaomaowmawmf\tzHk;yifjzpfNyD;? tajz&maeU(0wf 16) wpfrsKd;om;vHk;twGuf tjypf
zHk;tkyfjcif;tm; xdkae&mrS&Sdonf/ aygvkonf tpa&;\ ,ZfylaZmfjcif; enf;Oya'orsm;xJuyif(0wf 1-7)
,ZfylaZmfjcif;qdkif&m wifpm;aompum;vHk;rsm; oHk;aejcif;jzpfaMumif; xifSm;onf/ wifpm;aompum;vHk;
rsm;jzpfonfh (tjypfajzjcif;? aG;EIwfc? ,ZfylaZmfjcif;)ponfwdkUudk "ra[mif;usrf;xJu bk&m;ocif\
Asm'dwfawmfrsm;ESifhqufpyfom em;vnfEdkifonf/ xdkUaMumifh aygvkonf if;wdkUrSm vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf
jzpfaMumif; Sif;vif;&rnfjzpfonf/ YHWH onf rdrdukd,frdrd tmjA[H^tpa&;tm; zGifhjyjcif;rSm tm;vHk;aom
vlom;wdkUtm; rdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjy&efyifjzpfonf/ tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf udk,fawmf\o@mefawmftm; aqmif
xm;Muonf/ tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf awmfvSefykefuefcJhMuNyDjzpfonf/ tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf c&pfawmf
(*sL;vlrsKd;wdkU\arSd,)tm; ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh u,fwifjcif;&SdEdkifonf/
tjypftay: bk&m;ocif\cufxefrIudk ravsmhusapbJ? tjypfom;rsm;tay:tjyKoabmjzihfaG;EIwfjcif;
pdwfaeoabmxm;tm; twnfjyK&ef a0g[m&udk toHk;jyK&ayrnf/ taMumif; aumif;rGefaomaqG;aEG;
rItm; James \A Man in Christ pmtkyfpmrsufESm 214-224awGU&onf/ aqG;aEG;rItm; tqHk;owfap&ef
enf;vrf;wpfrsKd;rSm pum;vHk;tm; c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocif\tvkyfudk xif[yfaponfha0g[m&rsm;jzpf
aom]]tjypfajzaom,ZfylaZmfjcif;}}(0g)]]tjypfajzonfh wefcdk;ESifhqdkifaom}}ponfjzifh bmomjyef&efjzpfonf/
]]taoG;awmf^tm;jzifh}}qdkonfrSm bk&m;ocif\tjypfuif;pifaom odk;oli,fjyKonfhudk,fpm;jyK ,ZfylaZmfrI
tm; &nfnTef;aoma[NAJtoHk;tEIef;jzpfonf/ (a,m[ef 1;29)/ oabmudk tjynfht0em;vnfoabm
ayguf&ef 0wfjyK 1-7onf tcef;BuD; 16u tjypfajz&maeUuJhodkU tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ taoG;[lonf
tjypfSdoltwGuf ay;qyfaomtjypfuif;onfhtouftm; &nfnTef;onf/a[Sm 52;13- 53;12)/wpfa,muf
aomolonf tm;vHk;aomolwdkUtwGuf taocHonf/ (5;12-21)!
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

]],HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh}}if;onfvnf; a,I\udk,fpm;jyKtaocHawmfrljcif;tm;jzifh b,folrqdkESifh

vlwdkif; udk,fpD&Ekdifaom tusKd;aus;Zl;&Ekdif&m ,E&m;jzpfonf/ (1;17/ 3;22? 25? 26? 27? 28? 30)/
aS;acwfwGif pmvHk;BuD;rsm;jzifhoma&;aom vufa&;rl&if;rsm;jzpfonfh 5&mpkESpfu Chrysostom oHk;cJh
onfh vufa&;usrf;pm A tygt0ifjzpfonf)ESifh 12&mpku a&;onfhpmvHk;BuD;rsm;jzpfaom MS(2127)wdkU
pum;pkudk csefxm;cJhMuonf/ tjcm;aS;a[mif;*&d vufa&;usrf;rsm;tm;vHk; if;pum;pk yg0ifonf/
tcsKdU DEFINITE ARTICLE the ygSdNyD; ]]the faith}}[ljzpfum (MSS p40, B1, C3, D3)tcsKdUwdkUrl rygSd
aomfvnf;(MSS Aleph, C*, D*, F, G) if;onf qdkvdk&if;t"dyg,fum; xdcdkufjcif;rSdacs/ UBS3 onf
if;\ygSdrIudk ]]B}}tqifhowfrSwfonf/(aocsmoavmuf)
]]ajzmihfrwfawmfrljcif;tm; ay:vGifxifSm;ap&ef}}bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\pkdufvuPmESifh rdrdajymp
um;tay: opmwnfae&ygrnf (rmv 3;6)/ "ra[mif;acwf tjypfjyKol aoqHk;&onf/ (urm 2;17/
135

a,Z 18;4? 20)/ tjypfSdoludk rdrdrvTwf[k bk&m;ocifajymcJhonf/ (xGuf 23;7)/ usqif;olvlom; tay:
bk&m;ocif\arwmawmfrSm BuD;rm;vSojzifh olonfvlwpfa,mufjzpfvm&ef? ynwdusrf;tm; jynfhpHkap&ef
ESifh usqif;aomvlom;\ae&m taocH&efqESdonfhtxdjzpfonf/ (5;12-21)/ bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;
arwmESifhw&m;rQwrI (opmw&m;)onf a,ItxJ qHkqnf;cJhMuonf/ (i,f 26)

NASB, NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

]],cifu usL;vGefcJhNyD;aomtjypfrsm;udk rSwfawmfrrlbJ}}

]]twdwfumv onf;cHum? vlrsm;\tjypfrsm;udk vpfvsLIonf}}
]]tjypfrsm; 'Pfay;jcif;rcH&aom twdwfumvtwGuf}}
]]ausmfoGm;onf}}-passed over (rrSwf)[laoma0g[m& paresis udk"ropfusrf; ae&mwGif wpfBudrf
omoHk;NyD;? Septuagint (*&dbmomjyef "ra[mif;)rl roHk;cJhbl;acs/ *&dzcifBuD;rsm;ESihf Jerome (at'D
4&mpk)wdkUonf vHk;aphywfapht"dyg,f ]]ta<u;wpfcktm; aMuat;apjcif;}}[l bmomjyefqdkMuonf/
Milligan, p. 493)/ odkUaomf if;\Bud,m parimi \t"dyg,frSm]]ab;
(Moulton ESifh
jzwfoGm;aponf}}(0g) ]]ajzavsmhonf}}[ljzpfonf/ (vkum 11;42)
okdUjzifh ar;p&mar;cGef;rSm bk&m;ocifonf tem*wf c&pfawmfjyKrnfhtvkyftm; arQmfMunfhjcif; tm;jzifh
twdwfumvu tjypfrsm;udkvTwfcJhjcif;avm(0g) c&pfawmf\taocHjcif;onf tjypfjyomemtm; ajzSif;
vdrfhrnfudk odSdxm;um? tjypfrsm;udk kd;dk;av;yif rSwfawmfrrlcJhjcif;avm[ljzpfonf/ &vm'frSm twlwlyif
jzpfonf/ vlom;\twdwf? ypKyefESifhtem*gwftjypftm; c&pfawmfjyKonfh,ZfylaZmfjcif;jzifh ajzSif;ay;onf/
if;rSm c&pfawmfjyKaomtvkyftm; arQmfMunfhum? bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfonf twdwfumv jyKcJh
aomt&m(wref 17;30/ a&mr 4;15/ 5;13)jzpfonfenf;wl? vufSdypKyefumvESifh tem*wfumvwnf;
[laomumvoHk;yg;pvHk; bk&m;ocifvkyfaqmifcJhNyD;? vkyfaqmifaeqJESifh vkyfaqmifvwHaomt&mjzpfonf/
(i,f 26)/ bk&m;ocifonf tjypftm; ayghayghwefwefoabmxm;onf r[kwfaomfvnf; a,IjyKcJhaom
,ZfylaZmfrItm;? ykefuefawmfvSefaomvlom;udk tjynfht0ESifh aemufqHk;aG;EIwfjcif;tjzpf vufcHawmfrl\/
zefqif;jcif;\&nfG,f&if;jzpfaom (urm 1;26-27)rdrdudk,fwdkifESifh vlom;wdkU&if;ESD;pGm rdwfo[m,jzpf
a&;twGuftjypfrSm twm;tqD;wpf&yfrjzpfawmhacs/
3;26 ti,f 25 ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;}}[laom a0g[m&\rl&if;tm; pDppfavh&m&m ]]ajzmihfrwfonf}}ESifh
]]ajzmifhrwfapol}} i,f 26[laom a0g[m&ESpfvHk;ESifh qufpyfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\pkdufvuPm
tm; c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh ,HkMunfolrsm;\b0toufwmxJay:vGif xifSm;apvdkonf/ a,I
onf uRefawmfwdkU\ajzmihfrwfjcif;jzpfvmonf (2aum 5;21)rSefaomfvnf; ,HkMunfolrsm;onfudk,fawmf\
ajzmifhrwfjcif;? udk,fawmfESifhwlnDjcif;rsm; Sdvm&OD;rnfvnf;jzpfonf/ (8;29/ rJ 5;48/ 0wfjyK 19;2)
txl;taMumif;t&m 1;17 Munfhyg/

NASB, NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

]]a,Itm; ,HkMunfol}}
]]a,Itm; ,HkMunfolwdkif;}}
]]a,Itm; ,HkMunfjcif;Sdolwdkif;}}
136

REB
NET

]]rdrd\,HkMunfjcif;tm; a,Ixm;olrnfolr qdk}}

]]a,I\opmSdrIaMumifh toufSifol}}

*&drl&if; ]]a,I\,HkMunfjcif;\vl}} the one of faith of Jesus [ljzpfonf/ tcuftcJrSm ydkifqdkif&m

jyyk'f GENITIVE xyfaejcif;jzpfonf/ (G.B Caird \The Language and Imagery of the Bible, p. 99)
t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;trsm;pkwdkUonf if;tm; vlwpfa,mufu a,Itm; ,HkMunfjcif;? udk;pm;jcif;tjzpf
Ijrifonf/ NET bmomjyefusrf;\tvdkt& if;onf 3;22tm; nTef;onf[k rSwf,lxm;onf/ rnfodkUjzpfap
ti,f 22onf ESpfrsKd;pvHk;&nfnTef;onf/
1/ a,I\opmSdrI (faithfulness-,HkMunfpdwfcs&rI)
2/ ,HkMunfol\udk;pm;rI (believer's faith)
u,fwifjcif;[lonf vufcH&,l&efjzpfonfh a,I\,HkMunfpdwfcs&jcif; rS&Sdaom&v'fjzpfonf/ (i,f 30)
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / / 3;27-30
27
od k U jzpfv Qif 0g<um;p&mum; tb,f e nf ; ? 0g<um;p&mtaMumif ; ud k y ,f N yD ? tb,f w &m;tm;jzif h
y,f o enf ; ? tusif h w &m;tm;jzif h y,f o avm ? r[k w f y g/ ,H k M unf j cif ; w&m;tm;jzif h y ,f N yD /
28
xd k U aMumif h vl w pf a ,muf o nf ynwf w &m;ES i f h q d k i f a om tusif h r ygbJ ? ,H k M unf j cif ; tm;jzif h
29
ajzmif h r wf a pjcif ; cH & onf [ k igwd k U tcd k i f t rmqd k M uonf / od k U r[k w f bk & m;ocif o nf *sL;wd k Y \
bk & m;omvQif jzpfa wmfr l oavm ? wpf y g;trsKd ; om;wd k U \ bk & m;vnf ; jzpf a wmf r l o nf r[k w f a vm ?
[k w f a yonf / wpf y g; trsKd ; om;wd k U \ bk & m;vnf ; jzpf a wmf r l \ / 30pif p pf r l u m; ta&zsm;vS D ; jcif ; cH
ol w d k Y t m; ,H k M unf j cif ; tm;jzif h ajzmif h r wf a pawmf r l o l E S i f h ? ta&zsm;vS D ; jcif ; rcH o l w d k Y t m; ,H k M unf j cif ;
tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapawmfrlol bk &m;ocifwpfqlwnf;jzpfawmfrl\/
3;27 ]]od k U jzpf v Qif 0g<um;p&mum; tb,f e nf ; ? }} ]]0g<um;p&m}} pum;pk ARTICLE ygSdaejcif;onf
*sL;vlrsKd;\rmetm; xyf[yfay:vGifapjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ (2;17?23)/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;rSm ESdrfhcsaejcif;
jzpfonf/ usqif;aomvlom;onf (*sL;ESifhwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;) rdrdudk,frdrd ru,fEdkifacs/ ({zuf 2;8-9)
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 0g<um;jcif; - 2;17 Munfhyg/
apmapmu wifjycsuftm; aemufxyftenf;i,fSif;vif;&ef jzpfonf/ vlom;rsm;onf bk&m;ocif\
cspfjcif;arwmESifh tjypfvTwfjcif;twGuf xdkufwefjcif;r&Ekdifaomfvnf; u,fwifjcif;&&ef olwdkUtydkif;u@
rSd[k qdkvdkjcif;um; r[kwfacs/ vlom;wdkUonf rdrd\tjypftm; odSdumc&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocifay;prf;
onfht&mudk vufcH&efjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf usqif;aomvlom;tm; ]]y#dnOfw&m;}}jzifhqufqHonf/
uRefawmfwdkUonf wHkUjyefrIjyKum? qufvufwHkUjyefoGm;&efjzpfonf/
1/ tjypftm; aemifw&jcif;
2/ ,HkMunfjcif;
3/ emcHjcif;
4/ pGJNrJjcif;
bk&m;ocifESifhqufqH&m rdrdwdkU\tydkif;rSm tjywfqHk;jzwfay;aomu@ jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkUonf
wHkUjyef&olrsm;jzpfonf! xdkYaMumifh wHkUjyefrIjyK&efvdkonf! vGwfvyfaomqEonf tcsKyftjcmtmPmenf;wl

137

tjywfqHk;jzwfrIay;aom ormusrf;pmvm Mo0g'jzpfonf/ taSUwdkif; usrf;wpfusrf;jzpfaom ormusrf;pm

onf ormw&m;tm; wif;rmrIESpfrsKd;ygaomtwGJrsm;jzifhazmfjyonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /taSUwdkif;pmayyHk&dyfBuD;
yHk&dyfBuD;ormusrf;pmawmfvm qefUusifbufjzpfae[ef azmfjyrIrsm;
1/ ormusrf;pmtm; bk&m;ocifajympum;tjzpf jrwfEdk;udk;pm;olwpfa,muftaejzifh tjrifonf
uREfkyftm; trsm;qHk;axmufuljyKygonf/ ormusrf;pmtm; eufeJpGmcH,l&ef tm;xkwfonfhtcg
uGJjym;jcm;em;aom usrf;ydk'frsm;onf ormw&m;tm; txl;aG;cs,fazmfjyjcif;ESifh enf;pHepfususjzifh?
tpDtpOfusus azmfjyonf r[kwfaMumif; ay:vGifonf/ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom usrf;ydk'fwpfydk'f
onf? tvm;wl0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom ormw&m;wpf&yftm; y,fzsufjcif; (0g) Iwfcsjcif;jyK
vdrfhrnfum; r[kwfacs/ ormw&m;udk ormusrf;pmwpf&yfvHk;tm; od&jcif;rS&SdNyD; (ormusrf;pm
onf wpfcsKdUwpf0ufudkom 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfbJ? wpfckvHk;0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;
jzpfonf/ 2wd 3;16-17)usrf;ydk'fwpfydk'fwnf;&nfnTef;kHjzifh ormw&m;r&Sdacs/ (usrf;csufwpf
csufwnf;jzifhtwnfjyKjcif;- proof-texting)!
2/ ormusrf;pm\ormw&m;rsm; (taSUwdkif;pmay)tm; usKd;aMumif;azmfjyrI (0g)qefUusifwufjzpfae
[eftcsufESpfcsufygaom twGJrsm;tm;jzifh wifjyavhSdonf/ ("ropfusrf;a&;om;olrsm;rSm vkumrS
vTJvQif trsm;oHk;*&dpmjzifh a&;om;um? a[NAJtawG;jzifh awG;olrsm;jzpfaMumif; owd&yg/ ynmqdkif
&musrf;rsm;ESifh uAsmtvuFmusrf;rsm;onf ormw&m;udk twGJvdkufazmfjyavhSdonf/ wpfckESihf
wpfck qefYusifaomyHkpHtwGJrsm;onf qefUusifbufjzpfae[ef wifjyyHk (paradox)rsm;ESifhwlonf/
aygif;pyfaomtwGJrsm;onf usrf;NydKifrsm;ESifhtvm;o@mefwlonf/) xdkazmfjyrIESpfzufpvHk; olYt
wdkif;twmESifh olrSefuefMuonf! qefYusifbufjzpfae[efwifjyrIrsm;onf rdrdwdkYpdwfBudKuf?
vG,fulpGm em;vnfvdkjcif;ESifhrudkufnDacs/
u/ BudKwifaG;cs,fcefUxm;jcif;onf vl\vGwfvyfaomqEESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/
c/ ,HkMunfolrsm;\ vHkjcHKrIonf pGJNrJrIvdktyfjcif;ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/
*/ ADZtjypfonf pdwfqEtavsmuf jyKaomtjypfESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/
C/ bk&m;jzpfaom a,IESifhvljzpfaoma,IrSm tNydKifjzpfonf/
i/ a,Ionf crnf;awmfESifhbkef;awmf nDwljzpfjcif;onf a,Iu crnf;awmftm; tapcHjcif;ESifh
tNydKifjzpfonf/
p/ ormusrf;pmonf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfjzpfjcif;rSm a&;om;olvlom;jzpfjcif;ESifh
tNydKifjzpfonf/
q/ tjypfuif;pifjcif; (pHkvifjynfh0jcif;0g'? a&mr 6)onf tjypfenf;EdkiforQenf;jcif;ESifh
tNydKifjzpfonf/
Z/ ppcsif; wpfcgwnf;ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh oefUSif;pifMu,frIrSm ydkydk oefUSif;pifMu,foGm;jcif;
ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/
p/ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmihfrwfjcif;onf (a&mr 4)tvkyf^tusifhtm;jzifh twnfjzpfaom
ajzmifhrwfjcif; (,mukyf 2;24-26)ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/
n/ c&pf,mefvGwfvyfrIonf (a&mr 14;1-23/ 1aum 8;1-13/ 10;23-33)
c&pf,mef\wm0efSdrIESifh (*vmwd 5;16-21/ {zuf 4;1) tNydKifjzpfonf/
138

#/
X/

bk&m;ocif\omvGefxl;uJrIonf vl\twGif;tpKwo@mefESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/

bk&m;ociftm; t<uif;rJhoduRrf;EdkifrI rSdjcif;onf ormusrf;pmESifh c&pfawmftm;jzifh
oduRrf;jcif;ESifhtNydKifjzpfonf/
!/ u,fwifjcif;twGuf aygvk\wifpm;azmfjyrI (metaphor)rsm;pGmwdkUrSm
(1) om;t&mcefUjcif; (arG;pm;jcif;)
(2) oefUSif;pifMu,fapjcif;
(3) ajzmifhrwfapjcif;
(4) aG;EIwfjcif;
(5) bkef;BuD;apjcif;
(6) BudKwifaG;cs,fcefUxm;jcif;
(7) jyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif;
O/ bk&m;ocif\ypKyefEdkifiHawmfonf tem*wfif;\ NyD;jynfhpHkjcif;ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/
P/ bk&m;ocif\vufaqmifjzpfaom aemifw&jcif;onf u,fwifjcif;&&ef wHkUjyefrItwGuf
trdefUjzpfaom aemifw&jcif;(rmuk 1;15/ wref 20;21)ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/
w/ "ra[mif;usrf;rSm tNrJtouf0ifaeonf[k qdkjcif;onf "ra[mif;usrf;rSm acwfukefoGm;NyD;?
ysufjy,fqdwfokOf;oGm;cJhNyD (rJ 3;17-19 tNydKif 5;21-48/ a&mr 7 tNydKif *vmwd 3) [k
qdkjcif;ESifhtNydKifjzpfonf/
x/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf tapcHrsm;^uRefrsm;jzpfonfqdkjcif;ESifh
om;orD;rsm;^tarGcHrsm;jzpfonfqdkjcif;wdkUrSm tNydKifjzpfonf/
]]0g<um;p&mtaMumif;udky,fNyD}} a0g[m& (ek [out] kleio [shut])wdkU aygif;pyfjcif;udk ae&mESifh
*vmwd 4;17 omoHk;onf/ vHk;aphywfapht"dyg,frSm ]]tvkyfydwfonf}}[ljzpfonf/
]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;jzifh}} bk&m;ocif\y#dnOfw&m;topf a, 31;31-34/ (a,& 36;22-38)onf
vkyfaqmifrItay: tajcjyKjcif;r[kwfbJ aus;Zl;*kPmESifhjynfhaom pdkufawmfESifhuwdawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;?
udk;pm;jcif;jzpfonfh trust/ faith/ belief wnf;[laom (pistis )udk tajcjyKonf/ y#dnOfw&m;ta[mif;ESifh
topfESpfrsKd;vHk;rSm usqif;cJhNyD;aom vlom;tm; bk&m;ocif\pkdufawmf (ajzmifhrwfjcif;Oyrm 0wf 19;2/
rJ 5;48/ a&mr 8;29) twkdif; ajymif;vJoGm;ap&efjzpfonf/
3;28 ]]vlwpfa,mufonf ynwfw&m;\tusifhrygbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;cH&
onf[k igwdkUtckdiftrmqdkMuonf}} if;onf 3;21-26tm; tusOf;csLHUjcif;ESifh tcef;BuD; 4-8wdkUtm;
wiful; t&dyfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ (2wd 1;9/ wd 3;5)/ u,fwifjcif;onf c&pfawmfNyD;pD;cJhonfh tvkyfrSwqifh
tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfaomfvnf; (3;24/ 5;15?17/ 6;23/ {zuf 2;8-9) &ifhusufjcif;rSmrl emcHaom?aqmifGuf
aom? 0wfjyKudk;uG,faomtoufwmjzpfonfh ]]t&mcyfodrf;}}tm; if;\wefbdk;tjzpf ay;qyf&onf/ (*vm
wd 5;6/ {zuf 2;10/ zdvdyd 2;12 ESifh 1;5 \rSwfcsufrsm;Munfhyg/
3;29 bk&m;ocif\&nfG,fcsufrSm o@mefawmftwkdif; zefqif;cJhonfh vlom;tm;vHk; aG;EIwf&efjzpfonf/
(urm 1;26? 27/ 5;1/ 9;6)/ aG;EIwfjcif;uwdawmfjzpfonfh urm 3;15rSm tm'H\om;orD;rsm;tm;vHk;
139

twGufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf urmtm; aG;cs,f&eftvdkUiSg? tmjA[HudkaG;cs,fcJhonf/ (urm 12;31/

xGuf 19;4-6/ a,m 3;16)/
tcef;i,fonf 3;9enf;wl a&mrtoif;awmftwGif; *sL;acgif;rsm;ESifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tMum;
wif;rmrItm; ay:vGifapjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ *sL;rsm;\0wfjyKudk;uG,frItm; wm;qD;aom Nero bk&if\trdefU
awmfaMumifh *sL;vlrsKd;wdkUonf a&mrNrdKUrS xGufcGgoGm;MuNyD;? if;wdkUae&mwGif wyg;trsKd;om;acgif;aqmif
rsm;tpm;xdk;0ifvmonf/ tcef;BuD; 9-11onfvnf; wif;rmrIudkyif ajymaejcif;jzpfEkdifonf/
3;30
]]pifppfrlum; bk&m;ocifwpfqlwnf;jzpfawmfrl\}}
]]bk&m;ocif wpfqlSd\}}
]]bk&m;ocifrSm wpfqlwnf;jzpf\}}
]]bk&m;ocifonf wpfqljzpf\}}
]]bk&m;ocif wpfqlwnf;Sdawmfrl\}}
if;rSm yxrwef;pm; cRif;csufygaom0gusjzpfNyD;? pma&;ol\tjrif rSefuefaomt&mtjzpf rSwf,ljcif;
(0g)ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;t,l0g'rSefonfqdkvQif? xdktSifrSm vlom;tm;vHk;\
bk&m;yifjzpfayrnf/
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/ bk&m;wpfqlwnf;omSdonf[laom t,l0g'

tpa&; (tmjA[H 2000 bD? pD)twGufrSmrl ]]bk&m;trsm;xJu}}tqifhjrifhbk&m; high good- odkUr[kwf

t>rmbk&m;jzpfaom (Zoroastrianism)? aumif;jrwfonfh Iranian bk&m;rQomvQifr[kwfbJ? wpfql
wnf;omvQifjzpfaom bk&m;onfom tppftrSefjzpfonf/ Sm;Sm;yg;yg; cRif;csufwpfa,muf tD*spfEdkifiH
wpfcPomSdcJhbl;onf/ (Akhenatan tjzpfvnf; odSdxm;Muonfh pwkwKajrmuf Amenhotep IV jzpfonf/
1367-1350 (0g) 1386-1361 bD? pD)
t,l0g'udk "ra[mif;usrf; pum;pktawmfrsm;rsm;jzifh azmfjyonf/
1/ ]]igwdkU\ Elohim jzpfaom YHWH ESifhwlaomolwpfa,mufrQrSd/}}xGuf 8;10/ 9;14/ w&m;
33;26/ 3"r 8;23/
2/ ]]olUtjyiftjcm;rSd}}? w&m; 4;35? 39/ 32;39/ 1"r 2;2/ 2"r 22;32/ a[Sm 45;21/ 44;6? 8/
45;6? 21/
3/ ]] YHWH onf wpfqlwnf;jzpfawmfrl\}}/ w&m; 6;4/ a&mr 3;30/ 1aum 8;4? 6/ 1wd 2;5/
,mukyf 2;19/
4/ ]]udk,fawmfuJhodkUaomolrSd}} 2"r 7;22/ a,& 10;16/
5/ ]]udk,fawmfomvQif bk&m;jzpfawmfrl\/}} qm 86;10/ a[Sm 37;16/
6/ ]]ighaSUrSm zefqif;&mxJu tb,fbk&m;ocifrQrSd? ighaemufrSmvnf; tb,fbk&m;ocifrQrSd}}
a[Sm 43;10/
7/ ]]igwyg;wnf;om.../}} a[Sm 45;5? 6? 22/
8/ ]]xdkbk&m;rSwyg;? tjcm;bk&m;rSd}} a[Sm 45;14? 18/
9/ ]]igrSwyg;tjcm;aombk&m;rSd}} a[Sm 45;21/
10/ igrSwyg;? iguJhodkUaomtjcm;bk&m;rSd}} a[Sm 46;9/
140

tjywfqHk;jzwfcsufay;aom t,l0g'tm; wpfqifhNyD;wpfqifh zGifhjycJhjcif;jzpfaMumif; 0efcH&ayrnf/

ueOD;azmfjycsufrsm;rSm ]]xm0&bk&m;ocifonf tjcm;bk&m;wdkU\txG#ftxdyfjzpfonf}} (henotheism)
odkUr[kwf vufawGUtm;jzifhrl wpfqlwnf;aombk&m; t,l0g'jzpfonf[k em;vnfxm;&efjzpfonf/
(tjcm;aombk&m;rsm;Sdaomfvnf;? igwdkUtwGufrSmrl wpfqlwnf;omvQifjzpfonf/ xGuf 15;11/ 20;2-5/
w&m; 3;28/ 5;7/ 6;4? 14/ 10;17/ 32;12/ 3"r 8;23/ qm 83;18/ 86;8/ 136;1-2)
yxrqHk;tBudrf{u0kpf(tenf;)udef;jzifh azmfjyaomusrf;ydk'frsm;rSm apmapmuyifjzpfonf/ (xGuf 8;10/
9;14/ w&m; 4;35? 39/ 33;26)/ tjynfhtpHk tNydKifjzpfaom tqdkrsm;udk a[Sm, 43-46 twGif;
awGUSd&onf/ (43;11/ 44;6? 8/ 45;7? 14? 18? 22/ 46;5? 9)/
"ropfusrf;onf w&m;a[m 6;4 tm; a&mr 3;30/ 1aum 8;4? 6/ {zuf 4;6/ 1wd 2;5 ESifh ,mukyf
2;19 wdkUnTef;onf/ a,Ionf if;tm; ynwdusrf;\tBuD;qHk;tcsuftjzpf rJ 22;36-37/ rmuk
12;29-30/ vkum 10;27 wdkU azmfjynTef;qdkonf/ "ra[mif;usrf;enf;wl? "ropfusrf;onfvnf;
tjcm;aomeH0dnmOfrsm;SdaMumif; cdkifrmpGm azmfjyaomfvnf; (ewfqdk;rsm;? aumif;uifwrefrsm;) zefqif;Sif^
aG;EIwfaomtSif xm0&tSifbk&m;ocif YHWH (urm 1;1) wpfqlwnf;udkomvQif tckdiftrmazmfjyonf/
ormusrf;pmvm wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;Siftm; xifSm;atmif azmfjyrIrsm;rSm
1/ xm0&bk&m;Sifonf wpfqlwnf;ESifhtppftrSefjzpfonf/ (,xmblwoabmaqmifaomfvnf;
twdtusr[kwfacs)
2/ xm0&bk&m;SifrSm yk*dKvfjzpfonf (urm 1;26-27/ 3;8)
3/ bk&m;ocifonf udk,fusihfw&m;ESifhqdkifonf/ (xGuf 34;6/ ae[rd 9;17/ qmvH 103;8-10)
4/ bk&m;ocifonfvlom;udk rdrdESifhrdwfo[m,jyKap&ef (#2) rdrd\o@mefawmfESifhtnD
zefqif;onf/ (urm 1;26-27) olonf o0efwdkwwfaombk&m;jzpfonf/ (xGuf 20;2-3/
tjypfSdonf[k xifvG,fol^o0efwdkwwfol)

"ropfusrf;xJwGif
1/
2/
3/

bk&m;ocif xm0&jzpfaom? yk*dKvftm;jzifh ay:vGifrIoHk;ckSdonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ /

oHk;qlbk&m; - 8;11 Munfhyg)/
bk&m;ocifonf pHkvifjynfh0pGmjzifh a,ItxJ zGifhjycJhonf/ (a,m 1;1-14/ aum 1;15-19/
a[NAJ 1;2-3)
usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;tm; aG;EIwf&ef bk&m;ocif\ xm0&tpDtpOfrSm? ol\wpfyg;wnf;
aomom;awmfonf ,Zfaumiftjzpf rdrdudk,frdrd ay;vSLylaZmfjcif;jzpfonf/ (a[Sm 53/ rmuk
10;45/ 2aum 5;21/ zdvd 2;6-11/ a[NAJ)

]]ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;cHolwdkUtm; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapawmfrlonf}} ]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}

[laom *&dpum;vHk;rSm ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;}}pum;ESifh rl&if;twlwlyifjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m- 1;17
Munfhyg/ bk&m;ocifESifhrSefuef&ef enf;vrf;wpfckwnf;omvQifSdonf/ (a&mr 9;30-32)/ u,fwifjcif;
twGuf owfrSwfaompHEIef;ESpf&yfrSm ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh aemifw&jcif;jzpfonf/ (rmuk 1;15/ wref 3;16? 19/
20;21/ 1;5 \rSwfcsufMunfhyg/) if;onf *sL;ESifhwyg;trsKd;om; ESpfrsKd;pvHk;twGufrSefonf/
]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh...,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh}}pum;pkESpfrsKd;rSm tvm;wljzpfaMumif;odomonf/
0dbwfjzpfaom ek ESifh dia wdkUudk tjyeftvSefoHk;NyD;? uGJjym;jcm;em;aomoabm &nfG,fjcif;rSdacs/
141

NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; /

/ 3;31
31
odkUjzpfvQif igwdkUonf ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;jzifh ynwfw&m;awmfukd y,fzsufMuoavm ?
xdkodkUrnfonfhtcgrQ rjzpfEkdifacs! xdkodkUjzpf&rnfhtpm; igwdkUonf ynwfw&m;awmfudk cdkifNrJap
Mu\/
3;31
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

]]odkUjzpfvQif igwdkUonf ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;jzifh ynwfw&m;awmfudk y,fzsufcJhMu

oavm?}}
]]odkYjzpfvQif igwdkUonf ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;jzifh ynwfw&m;awmfukd
qdwfokOf;oGm;apcJhMuoavm?}}
]]odkUjzpfvQif? igwkdUonf ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;jzifh ynwfw&m;awmftm;
arSmufvSefcJhMuoavm?}}
]]igwdkUonf ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;jzifh ynwfw&m;awmfudk z,fSm;cJhMuonf[k qdkvdk
oavm?}}
]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;onf ynwfw&m;awmfudk taMumif;rJhjzpfoGm;aponf[k qdkvdkoavm}}

"ropfusrf;onf "ra[mif;usrf;tm; uGJjym;jcm;em;aomenf;vrf;ESpfrsKd;jzifh wifjyonf/

1/ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifay;aom zGifhjyrIjzpfNyD;? rnfonfhtcgrQ ysufpD;oGm;
rnfr[kwfacs/ (rJ 5;17-19/ a&mr 7;12? 14? 16)
2/ if;onf a[mif;EGrf;? ukefvGefcJhNyD(a[NAJ 8;13)
aygvkonf ]]ysufjy,f}}(nullify)pum;vHk;udk tBudrfaygif;ESpfq,fhig;Budrfwdkif oHk;cJhonf/ if;pum;vHk;
tm; ]]ysufjy,f qdwfokOf;oGm;aponf}} ]]wefckd;rJhjzpfoGm;aponf}} ]]tusKd;oufa&mufrIrSd jzpfoGm;aponf}}
[l bmomjyefMuonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 3;3 Munfhyg/ aygvktqdkrSmrl ynwfw&m;awmfrSm txdef;
awmf(*vm 3;23)ESihf q&m (*vm 3;24)jzpfaomfvnf; xm0&toufudkrl ray;Ekdifacs/ (*vm 2;16? 19/
3;19) vlom;tm; jypf'PfpD&if&m if;udktajcjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ (*vm 3;13/ aum 2;14)/ ]]tqdk;taumif;cGJ
jcm;odjrif&mtyif}}enf;wl armaS\ynwdusrf;onfvnf; zGifhjyjcif;ESifh vl\usifh0wftm;prf;oyfrIjzpfonf/
ynwfw&m;[kqdk&m aygvk\qdkvdk&if;rSm roJuGJacs/
1/ *sL;bmom\ajzmifhrwfjcif;qdkif&menf;pHepf
2/ c&pfawmftxJ u,fwifjcif;&&ef wyg;trsKd;om;,HkMunfolrsm; jzwfoGm;Mu&rnfh tqifhwqifh
(*vmwdtoif;awmfwGif;Sd *sL;bmom0ifrsm;)
]]ynwfw&m;awmfudk cdkifNrJapMu\}}aemufu pum;pkudkMunfhygu? pum;pk\t"dyg,frSm
tb,fenf;? jzpfEkdifacsrSm
1/ ynwfw&m;awmfonf u,fwifjcif;&&ef vrf;r[kwfbJ? qufvufapmifhxdef;oGm;&ef
udk,fusihfw&m; vrf;jyjzpfonf/
2/ ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;}} 3;21/ 4;3 Mo0g'tm; oufaocHonf/ (urm 15;6/ qmvH
32;1-2? 10-11)
3/ ynwfw&m;\tm;enf;rI (vlom;\qefUusifykefuefrI a&mr 7/ *vm 3)tay: bk&m;ocif
142

auseyfrIudk c&pfawmf\taocHjcif;u jynfhpHkaponf 8;3-4/

4/ zGifhjyawmfrljcif;\&nfG,fcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmfudk vlom;txJjyefvnfazmfaqmif&ef
jzpfonf/
w&m;Oya'qdkif&m ajzmifhrwfjcif;oabmtm;jzifh ynwfw&m;awmfonf ppfrSefaomajzmifhrwfjcif;^
c&pfawmfESifh wlnDjcif;twGuf vrf;jywpfckjzpfvmonf/
txl;taMumif; t&m/ / armaS\ynwdusrf;tay: aygvk\tjrif 13;9 Munfhyg/
xdwfvefUbG,f&maumif;onfh qefUusifbufjzpfae[ef rSefaomt&mwpfckrSm bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwf
jcif;wnfNrJap&ef ynwfw&m;onf rpGrf;aqmifEkdifcJhaomfvnf;? if;\ysufjy,foGm;rIrS wpfqifh c&pf,mef
onf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfrSwqifh ajzmifhrwfaom? bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom
b0jzifh toufSifoGm;Muonf/ ynwfw&m;awmf\yef;wkdifrSm atmifjrifoGm;cJhNyD jzpfonf/ odkUaomf vlom;
\aqmifGufrItm;jzifh r[kwfbJ? c&pfawmftxJ? bk&m;ocif\tcrJhaus;Zl;awmf aMumifhomjzpfygownf;!
4;1-12 ]]cd k i f N rJ a ponf } }a0:0g[m&tm; txl ; taMumif ; t&m/ /&yf w nf o nf 5;2 Munf h y g/

aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;
pmtkyfonf teufzGifhrItwGuf vrf;nTefjcif;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmtm;?
rdrdudk,fwdkifteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0efSdonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&Sdxm;onfh
tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif? ormusrf;pmESifh oefUSif;
aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmteufzGihfjcif;tvkyftm;? teufzGifhusrf;a&;om;
olrsm;tay:om yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfaomar;cGef;rsm;rSm pmtkyf\tydkif;wGifyg0ifaom t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;tm;
pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJ? pOf;pm;qifjcifrItm; EId;qGay;jcif;omjzpfonf/
1/ a&mr 3;21-31tm; rdrdpum;jzifh tusOf;csLHUyg/
2/ bk&m;ocifonf twdwfumvuvlom;wdkU\tjypfrsm;udk tb,faMumifhvpfvsLIcJhoenf;? (i,f
25)
3/ "ra[mif;acwf,HkMunfolrsm; rnfodkUrnfyHktjypfrS u,fwifjcif;&cJhMuoenf;? (3;25)
4/ a,Itm; ,HkMunfjcif;onf ynwfw&m;awmfukd rnfodkUcdkifNrJapoenf;? (3;31)/

143

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acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcGJrsm;
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4;13-25

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4;13-15
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NJB

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teufjyef&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd&Sdaomtvif;xJavQmufoGm;
&efjzpfrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif? ormusrf;pmESifh oefUSif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm
y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;olrsm;tay:om yHkcs&ef
r[kwfacs/
tcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf;tNyD;zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;owfrSwfyg/ rdrd\taMumif;
t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk txufygacwfopfbmomjyef usrf;ig;ckwdkUESifhEIdif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmf
rIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nfG,fcsuftm;em;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ if;rSm
teufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD; pmydk'fwpfydk'f taMumif;
t&mwpfckwnf;Sdonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
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2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd, pmydk'f
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pmtquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;
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tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifESifh rSefuefoltjzpf ausnmay;jcif;cH&onf[k tckdiftrmqdkaom aygvk\
xdwfvefUbG,f&m oGefoifcsuftm; 3;21-31azmfjyonf/ aygvk\pdwfxJ *sL;bmomtm;
qefYusifaomoabmSdaMumif; xifSm;onf/ ,ckaygvkonf rdrda[monfh {0Ha*vdowif;
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jzifh Oyrmay;um oufaojyonf/ (ti,f 6-8)
c/ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmihfrwfjcif;Mo0g'twGuf udk;um;aomtaxmuftxm;rsm;udk armaS\
ynwdusrf;jzpfonfh urmOD;usrf;rS w&m;a[m&musrf;wnf;[laom yxrusrf;ig;wdkUrS,lum
a&mr 4 wifjyxm;onf/ taMumif; 3;21-31 tusOf;csKHUazmfjyonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wpfOD;twGuf
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cH&ol tmjA[HESifhqdkifaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;tm; udk;um;azmfjyjcif;onf "roabmw&m;t&
txl;t"dyg,fjynfh0onf/ 'g0d'ftm; <uvmvwHhaom arSd,\yHkpHtjzpf Ijrifxm;Muonf/
(2"r&mZ0if 7)
*/ a&mrtoif;awmftwGuf ,HkMunfol*sL;rsm;ESifh ,HkMunfolwpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tMum; wif;rmrI
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tm;ae;dk; (Nero)bk&ifBuD;u a&mrNrdKUtm; pGefUcGgxGufajy;apvdkonf[k cHpm;cJhMuonf/ (olu
*sL;rsm;\bmoma&;yGJawmfrsm; tm;vHk;y,fzsufonf)/ toif;awmftwGif; olwdkU\ae&mudk
wpfyg;trsKd;om;c&pf,mefacgif;aqmifrsm; tpm;xdk;ae&m,lMuonf/ yxrtokwf jyefvmolrsm;
aMumifh acgif;aqmifae&m rnfol,l&rnftaMumif;ESifh tjiif;yGg;rIjzpfyGg;vmcJhonf/
C/ usqif;cJhNyD;jzpfaomvlom;onf rdrdwdkU&Sdaom0dnmOfa&;&mtvif;w&m;tm; wHkUjyefrIjyKum?
bk&m;ociftm; ,HkMunfjcif;ESihf aemifw&jcif;rSwqifh bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh u,fwif
jcif;&cJhMujcif;jzpfaMumif; a&mr 4 uazmfjyonf/ (urm? 15;6/ a&mr 4;3)/ topfaomy#dnOf
w&m;onf enf;vrf;aygif;rsm;pGmjzifh y#dnOfw&m;a[mif;ESifh jywfjywfxifxif uGJjym;jcm;onf
r[kwfacs/ a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;22-38)
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vrf;zGifhay;xm;jcif;jzpfNyD;? ueOD;,HkMunfjcif; zcifBuD;rsm;(0g)tpa&;vlrsKd;rsm;twGufomvQif
r[kwfacs/
p/ aygvkonf ,cifu *vmwd 3azmfjycJhonfhtwdkif; tmjA[HtaMumif;udktajcjyKum rdrd\"ro
abmw&m;qdkif&m wifjyrItm; ae&m tus,fw0ifhazmfjyonf/
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145

c&pf,meftaMumif;tm; uRefawmfem;vnfoabmaygufEdkifonfhenf;jzihf
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1/ bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmf
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Sif;vif;ay;ygonf/

pum;vHk;ESihf pum;pkavhvmrI
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / / 4;1-8
1
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5
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jcif;udk ajzmifhrwfjcif;uJhodkUrSwf,l\/ 6xdkUtwl tusihfudkraxmufbJ? bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfap
awmfrljcif; cH&ol\aumif;csD;taMumif; 'g0d'fonfvnf; ajymonfhtwdkif; 7w&m;rJhaomtjyKtrlrsm;
tm; tjypfvTwfjcif;cH&um? if;wdkU\tjypfzHk;tkyfay;jcif;cH&olwdkUonf r*FvmSdMu\/ 8xm0&bk&m;
\ jypfwifawmfrljcif;ESifhvTwfaomolonf r*FvmSd\/
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ae&moHk;onfh pma&;[efrSm jypfwifa0zefpmrsKd;jzpfonf/ (4;1/ 6;1/ 7;7/ 8;31/ 9;14?30)
tmjA[Htm; Oyrmxm;&jcif;rSm (urm 11;27-25;11)
1/ *sL;wdkUonf rdrdwdkUtrsKd;\rlvtjzpf xdkodkUaom*kPf,lrIrsm;Sdjcif;aMumifh (rJ 3;9/ a,m[ef
8;33? 37? 39)
2/ oludk,fwdkif\ ,HkMunfjcif;onf y#dnOfw&m; yHkpHESihftvm;wlaejcif;aMumifh (urm 15;6)
3/ ol\,HkMunfjcif;onf armaS\ynwdusrf;ay;jcif;xuf t&ifusaomaMumihf (xGuf 19-20)
4/ olUtm; rSm;,Gif;aomq&morm;rsm; toHk;jyKjcif;aMumifh (,k'bmom0ifrsm; Oyrm -*vmwd
NrdKUom;rsm;)
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cJhMuonf/
1/ bdk;ab; (forefather MSS a*2)A, C*
2/ tb? MSS a 1, C3, D, E, G
xdkodkUjzpf&jcif;rSm tmjA[Honf tpa&;vlrsKd;wdkU\bdk;ab; (Oyrm-acgif;aqmifaygvkonf toif;awmf
wGif;Sd *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;udk&nfnTef;onf) tjzpfESifhxdktmjA[Honfyif bk&m;ocifudk,HkMunfjcif;tm; usifhoHk;ol
146

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ESpfrsKd;tMum; cGJa0&cufaeMujcif;jzpfEkdifonf/
]]aoG;om;Zmwdtm;jzifh}}txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3 Munfhyg/
4;2 ]]vQif}}if;onf yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD;(A.T Robertson \ Word Pictures twGJ 4/ pm?
350 Munfhyg/) pma&;ol\tjrifrS rSefuefonf[k ,lqrI(0g)ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ if;rSm tppftrSef
r[kwfaomfvnf; "roabmw&m;\tcsufwpfcsuftm; &nfnTef;aejcif;oabmjzpfaom yxrtrsKd;tpm;
cRif;csuf0gusrsm;twGuf Oyrmaumif;wpfckjzpfonf/ (i,f 14)/
Joseph A. Fitzmyer onfol\ The Anchor Bible twGJ 33? pm 327 ajymonfrSm xdk0gusonf
a&maESmaomcRif;csufjzpfum (tmjA[Honf tusihftm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&modkUa&mufonfrSef]]vQif}}[kqdk&m xdk
odkYr[kwfojzifh tjzpfrSefESifhqefYusifaeonf/ 'kwd,ydkif;onf yxrwef;pm;jzpfonf/
]]tusihftm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&modkUa&muf}} if;onf c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh aus;Zl;awmf
aMumifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifhqefUusifbufjzpfonf/ enf;jzifh vl\tm;xkwfrItm;jzifh(4;4)u,fwifjcif;&Ekdif
cJhrnfqdkvQif c&pfawmf\vkyfaqmifrI vdktyfvdrfhrnfr[kwfacs/ ynwfw&m;awmf\tusifhrsm;tm;jzifh
ajzmifhrwf&modkUa&mufjcif;udk *sL;&Aq&mBuD;rsm;pGmu tmjA[HESifh qdkif tckdiftrmazmfjyMuonf/ (Wisdom
10:5; Ecclesiasticus 44:20-21; IMac. 2:52; Jubilees 6:19-20; 15:1-2) aygvkonf &Adq&mBuD; oifwef;
wufcJholwpfOD;yDyD usrf;ydk'f;rsm;udk aumif;pGmodxm;vdrfhrnfomjzpf\/
rnfodkUjzpfap usqif;cJhNyDjzpfaomvlom;onf bk&m;ocif\y#dnOfqdkif&mtvkyfrsm;udk aqmifGufEkdif
pGrf;rSdjcif;aMumifh "ra[mif;usrf;onf usdefqJjcif;wpfrsKd;? ao'PfpD&ifcsufwpfckjzpfvmonf/ (*vmwd
3;13/ aum 2;14)/
*sL;"rynmSifrsm;onf armaS\ynwdusrf;rwdkifrD tmjA[HtoufSifcJhaMumif; odSdcJhMuaomfvnf; olonf
ynwfawmfudkwiful;odSdNyD; apmifhxdef;vdkufemonf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/ (Ecclesiasticus 44:20 ESifh
Jubilees 6:19-20; 15:1-2)
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jzpfcJhaomaemufcHordkif;Sdojzifh jyemudk olcHpm;odSdonf/ (3;27/ 1aum 1;29/ {zuf 2;8-9)/ txl;
taMumif;t&m/ / 0g<um;jcif;taMumif; 2;17 Munfhyg/
4;3
NASB, NKJV
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if;rSm urm 15;6 rSaumufEkwfazmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf pum;udk tcef;BuD; oHk;cgoHk;NyD;
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147

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[laomt"dyg,fSdonf/ u,fwifjcif;ay;aom ,HkMunfjcif;rSm
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2/ pdwfqEtm;jzifh qufuyfjcif; (qHk;jzwfjcif;)
3/ usifhMuHjyKrljcif; (toufSifjcif;yHkpH)
4/ rlvtm;jzifh awmfpyfrI (vlwpfa,muftm; vufurf;BudKqdkjcif;)
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / "ra[mif;usrf;xJu ,HkMunf? udk;pm;jcif;ESifh opmSdjcif;(Believe, Trust, Faith
and Faithfulness)taMumif; 1;5 Munfhyg/
txl;owdjyK&efrSm tmjA[H\,HkMunfjcif;onf tem*wfumv arSd,r[kwfbJ? olYom;a,musfm;
wpfa,mufxGef;um;NyD;? tquftEG,frsm;Sdrnf[laom bk&m;ocif\uwdawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/
(urm 12;2/ 15;2-5/ 17;4-8/ 18;14)/ tmjA[Honf bk&m;ociftm; udk;pm;jcif;jzifh uwdawmfudk
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vufcHcJhonf/ vlom;onf tjypftemtqmESihfjzpfaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifonf rdrdESihf rdrd\uwdawmfrsm;
tm; ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh wHkUjyefolrsm;ESifhtwl tvkyfvkyfvdkNyD;? olwdkU\,HkMunfjcif;onf rkefnif;aphtG,frQyif
jzpfapumrl vufcHawmfrl\/ (rJ 17;20)/
4;3? 4? 5? 6? 8? 9? 10? 22? 23? 24
NASB, NRSV ]]rS w f , l a wmf r l \ }}
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rSwf,lonf-reckoned (logizomia)3;28ESifh tcef;BuD; 4 11BudrfoHk;onf)qdkonfrSm pm&if;Z,m;
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7;18/ 17;4)[ljzpf\/ tvm;wlormw&m;udk 2aum 5;21ESifh*vmwd 3;6 wdkU vSypGmazmfjyonf/ urm
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teufzGifhjcif;qdkif&m ed,rwpfckjzpfonf/
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a0g[m&toHk;jyKNyD; 'Ha,v 7;10/ 12;1 wdkU azmfjyaompmtkyfrsm;ESifh qufpyfrISdEkdifonf/ wifpm;azmfjyrI
jzpfaom pmtkyfESpftkyf (bk&m;ocif\rSwfwrf;) rSm
1/ usifhMuHjyKrljcif;qdkif&mpmtkyf (qmvH 56;8/ 139;16/ a[Sm 65;6/ rmv 3;16/ Asm 20;12-13)
2/ toufpmapmif (xGuf 32;32/ qmvH 69;28/ a[Sm 4;3/ 'H 12;1/ vk 10;20/ zd 4;3/ a[NAJ
12;23/ Asm 3;5/ 13;8/ 17;8/ 20;15/ 21;27)
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jzpfonf/
4;3? 5? 6? 9? 10? 11? 13? 22? 25 ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;tjzpf}}if;onf "ra[mif;usrf; a0g[m&jzpfaom
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148

pm;toHk;jyKonfh aqmufvkyfa&;qdkif&ma0g[m&jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ajzmifhrwfNyD;? vlom;tm;vHk; rSm

aumufauG;Muonf/ "ropfusrf; if;pum;vHk;udk bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom toufSifjcif;yHkpHudk arQmfvifh
aomt"dyg,fjzifh &yfwnfcsufESifhqdkifaom w&m;Oya'(w&m;pD&ifa&;)qdkif&mt"dyg,fjzifhoHk;onf/ c&pf,mef
wdkif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ajrmfvifhjcif;rSm rdrd\pdkufawmfyifjzpfNyD;? wpfenf;tm;jzifh c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;
jzpfonf/ (8;28-29/ *vmwd 4;19)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m; - 1;17 Munfhyg/
4;5 ,HkMunfjcif;\tESpfom&rSm rdrdukd,frdrd zGifhjyawmfrlol bk&m;ociftm; rdrd\tm;xkwfrI(0g)xdkufwefrI
tay: tm;xm;jcif;vHk;0rjyKbJ? wHkUjyefjcif;jzpfonf/ wpfcgu,fwifjcif;&um? 0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yfvmcJhNyD
qdkvQif rdrdwdkU\toufSifjcif; yHkpHta&;BuD;r[kwfawmhacs[laom oabmr[kwfacs/ c&pf,mef\yef;wdkifrSm
wrvGefb0 aumif;uifbHktm; tarGcHjcif;r[kwfbJ? ,ckvufSd c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;jzpfonf/ uRefawmf
wdkUonf rdrdwdkU\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;aMumifh u,fwifjcif;? ajzmifhrwfapjcif;rsm;&Sdonfr[kwf/ uRefawmfwdkU\
vkyfaqmifrIrsm;tm;jzifh rSefuefaom&yfwnfjcif;&SdMuonf r[kwfaomfvnf;? aumif;aomt&mrsm;jyK&ef
aG;EIwfcHMujcif;jzpfonf/ ({zuf 2;8-9 ESifh 10/ ,mukyfESifh1a,m[ef)/ toufwmajymif;vJcJhNyD;? ajymif;vJ
vsufSdaejcif;rSm vlwpfa,muf u,fwifjcif;&aMumif;\taxmuftxm;jzpfonf/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;onf
oefUSif;pifMu,fjcif;jzpfay:aponf/
]],HkMunfonf}}if;rSm
Munfhyg/

PRESENT

ACTIVE

PARTICIPLEjzpfonf/

atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&m

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /,HkMunfonf? udk;pm;onf FAITH,

TRUST, Pistis (emrf ) Pisteu (Bud , m) Pistos (emr0d a ooe)/
u/

c/

*/

BELIEVE, OR

ormusrf;pm if;\ta&;BuD;yHkudk a[NAJ 11;1? 6 awGU&onf/ if;rSm a,I\ueOD;a[m

Mum;onfhtaMumif;t&mjzpfonf/ (rm 1;15)/ y#dnOfw&m;opf tenf;qHk; awmif;qdkrIESpfck
Sd&m aemifw&jcif;ESifh,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ (1;15/ wrefawmf 3;16? 19/ 20;21)/
if;\rlvZpfjrpfrSm
1/ "ra[mif;usrf; ]],HkMunfjcif;}}-faith \t"dyg,frSm opmSdjcif; uwdopmapmifhjcif;(0g)
,HkMunfpdwfcs&jcif;jzpfNyD;? bk&m;ocif\obm0tm; a&;om;azmfjy&efoHk;onf/ vl\obm
0tm; azmfjy&efroHk;acs/
2/ if;onf a[NAJa0g[m& (emun, emunal)rS qif;oufvmNyD;]]aocsmonf odkUr[kwf ckdifcHh
onf}}[kt"dyg,f&onf/ u,fwifjcif;ay;aom ,HkMunfjcif;(faith)onf pdwfykdif;qdkif&m
ormw&m;udp&yfrsm;? toufwmqdkif&m udk,fusihfw&m;ESifh rlvawmfpyfrI(vlwpfOD;tm;
vufurf;BudKqdkjcif;)ESifh tqdkygvlyk*dKvf pdwfqEtm;jzifh qufuyfrI(qHk;jzwfjcif;)jzpfonf/
if;a0g[m&tm; "ra[mif;usrf; toHk;jyKyHkudk txl;azmfjy&efrSm tmjA[H\,HkMunfrIonf
tem*wf arSd, r[kwfbJ? olonf om;a,musfm;wpfa,mufxGef;um;NyD;? tquftEG,frsm;
Sdrnf[laom bk&m;ocif\uwdawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ (urm 12;2/ 15;2-5/
17;4-8/ 18;14)/ tmjA[Honf bk&m;ociftm; udk;pm;jcif;jzifh wHkUjyefrIjyKonf/ tqdkyg
uwdawmftwdkif;jzpfvm&ef ESpfaygif;wq,fhoHk;ESpfwdkif Mumanmif;cJhojzifh olvnf; oHo,
149

rsm;ESifh jyemrsm;Sdonfomjzpf\/ rnfodkUjzpfap ol\rpHkrvifaom,HkMunfjcif;udkyif

bk&m;ocifvufcHawmfrlonfomjzpf\/ vlom;onf tjypftemtqmESifhjzpfaomfvnf;?bk&m;
ocifonf rdrdESifhrdrd\uwdawmfrsm;tm; ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh wHkUjyefolrsm;ESifhtwl? tvkyfvkyf
vdkNyD; olwdkU\,HkMunfjcif;onf rkefnif;aphtG,frQyifjzpfygap vufcHay;awmfrl\/ (rJ
17;20)/
C/ if;tm; "ropfusrf; toHk;jyKyHk
]],HkMunf}}-belief qdkaom a0g[m&onf *&da0g[m&(pisteuo)rSjzpfNyD;? ,HkMunfonf-belief
odkUr[kwf]]udk;pm;onf}}-trust (0g)faith tjzpf bmomjyefEkdifonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh emrfjzpfonfh
faith udk a,m[efc&pf0ifusrf; roHk;aomfvnf; Bud,mjzpfonfh belief or trust udk rMumcP
oHk;onf/ a,m[ef 2;23-25vltkyfBuD;onf emZ&ufNrdKUom;a,Itay: arSd,tjzpf
qufuyfrIrSm tppftrSef[kwfr[kwf raocsmay/ tay:,H]],HkMunf}}-belief a0g[m&
twGuf tjcm;aomOyrmrsm;rSm a,m[ef 8;31-59 ESifh wrefawmf 8;13? 18-24 wdkUjzpf
onf/ ormusrf;tvdkt& ppfrSefaom,HkMunfjcif;onf tpjyKwHkUjyefvdkufHkxuf ydkrdkonf/
if;tm; wynfhawmfjzpfjcif;u vdkufygvm&ygrnf/ (rJ 13;20-22/ 31-32)/
i/ if;tm; 0dbwfrsm;ESifhwGJ oHk;EIef;yHk
1/ eis onf ]]txJodkU}}[kt"dyg,fSdonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkU\udk;pm;rI trust/faith tm;
a,ItxJ xm;Sdonf[ktxl;jyKonf/
(u) emrawmfxJ (a,m 1;12/ 2;23/ 3;18/ 1a,m 5;13)/
(c) udk,fawmf\txJ (a,m 2;11/ 3;15? 18/ 4;39/ 6;40/ 7;5? 31? 39? 48/ 8;30/
9;36/ 10;42/ 11;45? 48/ 17;37? 42/ rJ 18;6/ wref 10;43/ zd 1;29/ 1ay
1;8)/
(*) ightxJ (a,m 6;35/ 7;38/ 11;25? 26/ 12;44? 46/ 14;1? 12/ 16;9/ 17;20)/
(C) om;awmftxJ (a,m 3;36/ 9;35/ 1a,m 5;10)
(i) a,ItxJ (a,m 12;11/ wref 19;4/ *vm 2;16)
(p) tvif;awmftxJ (a,m 12;36)
(q) bk&m;ociftxJ (a,m[ef 14;1)
2/ en onf a,m 3;15/ rmuk 1;15/ wref 5;14wdkUrSm enf;wl]]txJ-in}}[l t"dyg,fSdonf/
3/ epi onf rJ 27;42/ wref 9;42/ 11;17/ 16;31/ 22;19/ a&mr 4;5? 24/ 9;33/ 10;11/
1wd 1;16/ 1ay 2;6 wdkUrSm enf;wl]]txJ}}odkUr[kwf tay:(upon)[lt"dyg,fSdonf/
4/ 0dbwfrygbJ? uwm;yk'f DATIVE CASE tjzpf awGU&onfrSm *vmwd 3;6/ wref 18;8/
27;25/ 1a,m 3;23/ 5;10/
5/ hoti \t"dyg,frSm ]]aMumif;tm; ,HkMunf}}[lt"dyg,fSdNyD; ,HkMunf&rnfht&mrSm
(u) a,Ionf bk&m;ocif\oefUSif;awmfrloljzpfaMumif; (6;69)
(c) a,Ionf]]ig}}qdkoljzpfaMumif; (a,m 8;24)
(*) a,Ionf crnf;awmftxJSdNyD;? crnf;awmfonf a,ItxJSdaMumif;(a,m10;38)
(C) a,IrSm arSd,jzpfaMumif; (a,m 11;27/ 20;31)
(i) a,IrSm bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfaMumif; (a,m 11;27/ 20;31)
(p) a,Iudk crnf;awmfapvTwfaMumif; (a,m 11;42/ 17;8? 21)
150

(q) a,Ionf crnf;awmfESifhwpfvHk;wpf0wnf;jzpfaMumif; (a,m 14;10-11)

(Z) a,Ionf crnf;awmfxHawmfrS <uvmaMumif; (a,m 16;27? 30)
(ps) a,Ionf crnf;awmf\y#dnOfcHemrawmfjzpfaom ]]igjzpfonf}}[laomemrawmfESihf
olUudk,fol xyfwljyKaMumif; (a,m 8;24/ 13;19)
(n) igwdkUonf olESifhtwl toufSifaexdkifMuvdrfhrnftaMumif; (a&mr 6;8)
(#) a,Ionf taocH jyefxaMumif; (1ouf 4;14)

NASB, NKJV
NRSV
TEV, NJB

]]ol\,HkMunfjcif;}}
]]xdkuJhodkUaom ,HkMunfjcif;}}
]]if;rSm ,HkMunfrIyifjzpfonf}}
tmjA[H\,HkMunfjcif;udk olUtwGuf ajzmifhrwfjcif;tjzpf rSwf,lay;vdkufonf/ if;rSm tmjA[H\
vkyfaqmifrIaMumifh r[kwfbJ? ol\wHkUjyefrIaMumifhjzpfonf/ ol\tjyKtrlonf ol\,HkMunfrIudk twnf
jzpfaponf/ (,mukyf 2;14-26)/
]]oGif;ay;onf?wmcsay;onf}}-reckoned [laompum;udkvnf; awmvnf 25;11-13udknTef;onfh
qmvH 106;31 u zded[yfESifhqdkif *&d"ra[mif;usrf;(LXX) toHk;jyKonf/ ae&m urm15;6u
tmjA[HuJhodkUr[kwfbJ? zded[yf\tjyKtrludk tajcjyKum oGif;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/
]]bk&m;w&m; rdkaoaomoltm; ajzmifhrwfapaomoludk,HkMunfvQif? ol\,HkMunfjcif;udk?
ajzmifhrwf jcif;uJhodkU rSwf,l\/}} if;rSm xdwfvefUp&maumif;aom azmfjyrIjzpfonf/ ti,f 3 u tmjA[H
taMumif;ESifhqifwlonf(urm 15;6)/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;[lonf vlUvkyfaqmifrI\&vm'fr[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocif
\qkvufaqmif(3;24 rSwfcsufMunfhyg)jzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 1;7 Munfhyg/
]]'g0d'f}}tmjA[Honf vlyk*dKvftm;jzifh pHkvifjynfh0olr[kwfaomfvnf; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif
ESifh rSefuefoljzpfonfhtwdkif;? 'g0d'fvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ (qmvH 32 ESifh 51)/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrdESifh
("ra[mif;) rdrd\om;awmf("ropf)tm; ,HkMunfrIazmfxkwfum? usqif;cJhNyD;ol vlom;rsm;udkcspf (urm 3)
xdkodkUaomolrsm;ESifh tvkyfvkyfonf/
4;6 ]]tusihfudkraxmufbJ}}aygvkonf "ra[mif;usrf;tm; &nfnTef;azmfjyjcif;rjyKrD (qm 32;1-2)
pum;pkukd txl;jyKMum;nyfazmfjyonf/ vlom;onf c&pfawmf\zsefajzrI aus;Zl;awmfrSwqifh vlyk*dKvf\
bmoma&;vkyfaqmifrItm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfrItm;jzifh bk&m;ocifESifhrSefuefrI&Sdonf/ (3;21-31/ {zuf
2;8-10)
4;7-8/if;rSm qmvH 32;1-2 tm; azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ ti,f 7 SdBud,mESpfckjzpfonf! ]]tjypfvTwfjcif;cHcJh
NyD}}ESifh]]zHk;tkyfay;jcif;cHcJh&NyD}} ESpfrsKd;pvHk;rSm AORIST PASSIVE jzpfonf/ vkyfaqmifolrSm bk&m;ocifjzpfonf
[kqdkvdkonf/ ti,f 8 cdkifrmaomtjiif;oabmESpfckygSdonf/ ]]rnfonfhtajctaerqdk}}rrSwf,l?
r,lq? oGif;ay;vdrfhrnfr[kwf}}[ljzpfonf/ usrf;nTef;ygSdaom Bud,moHk;ckudk rSwfom;yg/ if;wdkY
tm;vHk;onf tjypftm; w&m;aovTwfvdkufaMumif;azmfjyonf/
151

4;7 ]]tjypfrsm; zHk;tkyfay;jcif;cH&ol}}if;rSm qmvH 32;1 rSjzpfonf/ ]]zHk;tkyfay;jcif;}}oabmrSm tpa&;wkdU

,ZfylaZmfjcif; bmom\tESpfom&jzpfonf/ (0wf 1-7)/ bk&m;ocifonf tjypftm;zHk;tkyfjcif; (AORIST
PASSIVE INDICATE)tjypftm; rdrdjrifuGif;rS z,fSm;jcif;jzpfonf/ (a[Sm 38;17/ rdum 7;19/ Brown,
Driver, Briggs, p.491)oabmudkyif tjcm;a[NAJpum;vHk;wpfvHk;jzpfonfh ]]zHk;tkyfjcif;}}-(caphar)twGuf
tjypfajz&m^zHk;tkyf&maeU tcef;tem;oHk;onf/ if;rSm tpa&;\tjypfrsm;udkzHk;tkyfonfh ]]aus;Zl;yvifawmf}}
mercy seat jzpfNyD;? if;tay:taoG;yufjzef;onf/ (0wf 16)/ tjcm;ormusrf;enf;us wifpm;oHk;EIef;rI
wpfrsKd;rSm wpfa,muf\tjypftm;zsufypfonf (a[Sm 1;18/ 43;25) odkUr[kwf z,fSm;onf(wref 3;19/
aum 2;14/ Asm 3;5)[ljzpf\/
4;8 ]]xm0&bk&m;\jypfwifawmfrljcif;ESifh vTwfaomolonf r*FvmSd\}}/if;rSm qmvH 32;2 rSudk;
um;jcif;jzpfonf/ t"dyg,frSm ]]rSwf,lonf}}(reckon)]]oGif;onf}}(impute)odkUr[kwf]]wpfa,muf\pm&if;xJ
aiGoGif;onf}}[laoma0g[m&tm; tjiif;oabmjzifh oHk;EIef;jcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfol\
0dnmOfa&;&maiGpm&if; tjypfudkroGif;ay;acs/ (tjiif;oabmESpfck xyfoHk;onf)/ if;tpm; ajzmifhrwfjcif;udk
oGif;ay;ygonf/ if;onf vlom;\*kPfj'yf? vkyfaqmifrI(0g)xdkufwefrIudk tajccHjcif;r[kwfbJ? bk&m;
ocif\aus;Zl;*kPmawmfjzpfaompdkufawmf? tcrJhvufaqmifESifh xkwfazmfausnmrIudkom tajcjyKonf!
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / / 4;9-12
9
ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udkcHaomolwdkUomvQif xdkr*Fvmudk&Muoavm/ odkUr[kwf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udk
rcHaomvlwdkUonfvnf; &Muoavm/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ,HkMunfjcif;udk tmjA[H ajzmifhrwfjcif;
uJhodkU rSwfawmfrlonf[k igwdkUqdkMu\/ 10xdkodkUqdkaomf tb,fodkUrSwfoenf;/ ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udk
cHNyD;rS rSwfoavm/ ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udkrcHrD rSwfoavm/ cHNyD;rSrSwfonfr[kwf/ rcHrD rSwfownf;/
11
xdkYjyif ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udkrcHbJ? ,HkMunfaomolwdkUonf ajzmifhrwfjcif;oGif;ay;jcif;cHum? olwdkU
tm;vHk;\tbjzpfapjcif;iSg? rdrdta&zsm;vSD;jcif; rcHrDu? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh&aom ajzmifhrwfrI\
wHqdyfjzpfaom ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; trSwftom;udk cH,lcJh\/ 12olonf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;cHolwdkUomru?
igwdkUtbtmjA[Honf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;rcHrDu SdcJhaom,HkMunfjcif;ajcvSrf;rsm;tm;vdkufavQmuf
olwdkY\tbvnf;jzpf\/
4;9-12 ,k'q&mwdkUonf u,fwifjcif;&Sd&ef ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;vdktyfonf[k a[mMujcif;aMumifh (*vmwd
Mo0g'pmESihf a,kSvifaumifpD-wrefawmf 15)aygvkonf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;taMumif; xnfhoGif;aqG;aEG;
jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/
aygvkonf *sL;usrf;wwfyk*dKvfrsm;\teufzGifhjcif; twwfynmtm; oifMum;cJholjzpfojzifh *v 15;6
ESifh qmvH 32;2 wdkYrSm yHkpHwlBud,mjzpfaMumif; odSdcJhonfomjzpf\/ (a[NAJrl&if;ESifh*&dbmom jyefusrf;
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ayvdrfhrnf/
4;9 ti,f 9 uar;cGef;onf]]r[kwf}}[laomtajzudk arQmfvifhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf wpfyg;vlrsKd;rsm;yif
jzpfap? vlom;tm;vHk;udk ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh vufcHonf/ urm 15;6 udkjyefudk;um;onf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkU\
tbtmjA[HrSm ajzmifhrwfoltjzpf rSwf,lcH&oljzpfonf/ (urm 15)if;rSm armaS\ynwdusrf;rwdkifrDESifh
(ti,f 13)olta&zsm;vSD;jcif;rcHrDujzpfonf/ (urm 17)
152

4;10-11 ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh&aom ajzmifhrwfrI\wHqdyfjzpfaom ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;trSwftom;udk

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w&m;\trSwftom;jzpfaom ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udkay;onf/ (urm 17;9-14)/ ygvufpwdkif;vlrsKd;rsm;rSty
usefaS;a[mif;taSUtv,fydkif;vlrsKd;rsm;tm;vHk;wdkU ta&zsm;vSD;Muonf/ ygvufpwdkif; vlrsKd;wdkUrSmrl
at*sifyifv,fSd uRef;pkrsm;rS aygufzGm;vmcJhMuNyD;? if;wdkU\rlvblwrSm *&djzpfonf/ olwdkUtwGuf ta&
zsm;vSD;jcif;[lonf uav;tG,frS vlBuD;b0odkU ul;ajrmufjcif;\yGJwpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ *sL;wdkUtwGufrSmrl
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onf/
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aomtrSwftom;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;}}qdkonfh GENITIVEpum;pkudk ti,f
13 oHk;BudrfoHk;cgjyefoHk;onf/ oefUSif;awmfrlol bk&m;ocifESifhrSefuefoltjzpf aMumjimorkwfcH&&ef
aomhcsufrSm ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;r[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/
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wHqdyf[lonf aS;acwfumv wpHkw&mtm; azmfjyjcif;enf;wpfrsKd;jzpfEkdifonf/

1/ ormw&m; (a,m 3;33)
2/ ydkifqdkifrI (a,m 6;27/ 2wd 2;19/ Asm 7;2-3)
3/ vHkjcHKrI (0g)umuG,frI (urm 4;15/ rJ 27;66/ a&m 15;28/ 2aum 1;22/ {zuf 1;13/ 4;30)/
4/ bk&m;ocifuwday;onfh vufaqmif\ppfrSefrItm;jyonfh trSwftom;wpfckvnf;jzpfEkdifonf/
(a&m 4;11/ 1aum 9;2)
wHqdyf\&nfG,fcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;onf trsufawmfrcH&ap&ef olwdkUtm; trSwftom;
jyKbdkUjzpfonf/ pmwef\wHqdyfonf bk&m;ociftrsufawmfxGuf&jcif;taMumif;jzpfaom pmwef\vlrsm;udk
azmfjyonf/ Asm'dwfusrf; ]]qif;&J'ku}}tribulation (thlipsis)onf ,HkMunfolrsm;udknOf;qJaom r,HkMunf
olrsm;udkajymjcif;jzpfavhSd&m? trsufawmf (org or thumos)onf r,HkMunfolrsm; tjypfudk aemifw&um?
c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfvmMuapa&;twGuf olwdkYay: bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;tm; ajymavhSdonf/ tjyK
153

oabmjzpfaom w&m;pD&ifrI\&nfG,fcsuftm; usdefqJjcif;ESifhaumif;csD;r*Fvmqdkif&m y#dnOfw&m;wGif

w&m;a[m&musrf;' 27-28 awGU&onf/
4;12 ]]ajcvSrf;rsm;twdkif; vdkufavQmuf}}if;rSm ppfwyfoHk;a0g[m& (stoiche)jzpfNyD; ppfom;rsm;
aSUaemufwpfwef;wnf; csDwufoGm;jcif;twGufoHk;onf/ (wref 21;24/ *v 5;25/ 6;16/ zd 3;16)
ti,f aygvkonf ,HkMunfol*sL;rsm; (ta&zsm;vSD;olrsm;\tb)udkajymonf/ bk&m;ocifESifh ol\uwd
awmfrsm;tm; ,HkMunfjcif;udk usifhoHk;olwdkif;twGuf tmjA[HrSmtbjzpfonf/
'kwd,tjrifjzpfonfh (]]ajcvSrf;rsm;twdkif;vdkuf}})onf[kqdk&m the (tois) ESpfvHk;oHk;jcif;aMumifh
wpfcg,HkMunfvdkufjcif;rsKd;tm; ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh toufSifjcif;yHkpH(PRESENT
MIDDLE) [deponent] PARTICIPLE oabmudk xyfqifhvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf qHk;jzwfcsuf
wpfckcs vdkufkH(0g)pdwfqtm;jzifh pwifvIyfSm;rIjyKkHrQomr[kwfbJ? qufvufjzpfay:aeaomawmfpyfrI?
qufpyfrISd aejcif;jzpfonf/
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; /
/ 4;13-15
13
taMumif;rlum; avmutm; tarGqufcHoljzpfaprnf[laomuwdawmfudk tmjA[H odkUr[kwf
ol\tquftEG,frsm;onf ynwfw&m;tm;jzifh &Muonfr[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;\ajzmifhrwfjcif;
tm;jzifh&Mu\/ 14taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;ESihfqdkifaomolwdkUonf tarGcHMuonfqdkvQif ,HkMunf
jcif;w&m;udk tcsnf;ESD;jzpfapum? uwdawmfudkvnf; y,fzsufcHaponf/ 15ynwfw&m;awmfonf
trsufa'gojzpfapaomfvnf;? ynwfcsufrSdygu? vGefusL;jcif;[lvnf;rSdacs/
4;13 ]]uwdawmfudk tmjA[H odk Ur[kwf ol\tquftEG,frsm;onf}}bk&m;ocifonf ]]jynfawmfESifh
tquftEG,f}}tm; tmjA[Hudk uwday;cJhonf/ (urm 12;1-3/ 15;1-6/ 17;1-8/ 22;17-18) "ra[mif;
onf jynfawmf(ygvufpwdkif;)udk t"dutajcjyKaomfvnf; "ropfrlum;]]tquftEG,f}}udk t"duxm;onf
(arSd,tSifa,I/ *vm 3;16? 19)odkUaomf ae&m ]]tquftEG,f}}onf ,HkMunfjcif;vlrsm;tm; nTef;yg
onf/(*vm 3;29)/ bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfrsm;onf ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;\ ,HkMunfudk;pm;rItajccHjzpfonf/
(*vm 3;14? 17? 18? 19? 21? 22? 29/ 4;28/ a[NAJ 5;13-18)/
]]avmutm; tarGqufcHoljzpfaprnf[laom}}wpfavmuvHk;tm; azmfjyajymqdkrIonf tvGef
t"dyg,fay:vGifvSaMumif; jyqdkaomusrf;ydk'frsm;rSm urm 12;3/ 18;18/ 22;18 ESifh xGuf? 19;5-6 wdkUjzpf
onf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;zdwfac:&ef tmjA[Hudkzdwfac:onf/ (urm 1;26-27/ 3;15)
tmjA[HESifh olUtquftEG,frsm;rSm wpfurmvHk;odkU zGifhjyawmfrljcif; enf;vrf;wpfrsKd;jzpfap&efwnf;/ if;rSm
urmajray:u bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmftm; &nfnTef;jcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (rJ 6;10)
]]ynwfw&m;tm;jzifh &Muonfr[kwfbJ}}/ armaS\ynwdusrf;ray;&ao;acs/ *&drl&if;\0gus
pum;pkudk yxrxm;um? if;\ta&;ygyHkudkjyoonf/ vl\tm;xkwfrIESifh aus;Zl;awmfw&m;wdkU\ uGJjym;
jcm;em;rItm; tav;teufjyK&ef tcsufrSm tvGefta&;BuD;onf/(3;21-31)/ aus;Zl;awmfonf ysufjy,f
oGm;cJhNyD;jzpfaomynwfw&m;awmfudk u,fwifjcif;twGuf vrf;jzpfoGm;aponf/ (a[NAJ 8;7?13)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / armaS\ynwdusrf;tay: aygvk\tjrif 13;9 Munfhyg/
154

4;14 ]]vQif}}if;onf pma&;ol\tjrif rSefonf[k rSwf,lxm;jcif;jzpfonfh yxrwef;pm;cRif;csufyg 0gus

rsKd;odkUr[kwf pma&;ol\a&;[efjzpfonf/ aygvkonf rdrd\tusKd;oifhtaMumif;oifh aqG;aEG;rItwGuf tHh
tm;oifhp&majymqdkrIudk toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ if;rSm w&m;a[mjcif; twwfynmt& rdrdtav;teufjyKvdk
aomtcsuftwGuf toHk;jyKonfh yxrwef;pm;cRif;csufyg0gusrsm;twGuf Oyrmaumif;wpfckjzpfonf/
olonf tqdkudk trSef[kr,HkMunfaomfvnf; if;\rrSefuefrIay:vGifvmap&ef xdkodkUajymqdkjcif;jzpfonf/
(i,f 2)
jrifEdkifaomta&zsm;vSD;jcif; trSwftom;ydkifSif*sL;rsKd;EG,frsm;onf avmutm; tarGqufcHrnfholrsm;
r[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfESifh EIwfuywfawmf ,HkMunfjcif;tm; usifhoHk;olwdkUuomvQif urmudk
tarGqufcHMurnfholrsm;jzpfonf/ (2;28-29)

NASB, NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;udk tcsnf;ESD;jzpfapum}}
]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;rSm y,fjcif;cH&onf}}
]]vl\,HkMunfjcif;w&m;rSm bmrQr[kwf[k t"dyg,fSdonf}}
]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;rSm tcsuftvufrJhjzpfoGm;onf}}
if;onf keno \PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD;? tajcusaeaom tajctaewpf&yftm;
tav;teufjyKonfh *&dBud,mwpfckjzpfum]]AvmjzpfoGm;aponf}} ]]tajccHtkwfjrpfrJhjzpfaMumif; jyoonf}}
[lt"dyg,fSdNyD;]]rSm;,Gif;}}onf[lyifqdkvdkonf/(1aum 1;17)/a0g[m&udkyif aygvkonf 1aum 1;17/
9;15/ 2aum 9;3 ESifh zd 2;7 wdkUoHk;onf/

NASB
NKJV
NJB

]]uwdawmfudkvnf; y,fzsufcHaponf}}
]]uwdawmfudk tcsnf; ESD;jzpfoGm;aponf}}
]]uwdawmfrSm wefbdk;rJhjzpfoGm;onf}}
if;onfvnf; PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD; tajcusaomtajctaewpf&yftm; tav;teuf
jyKonfh jyif;xefaom*&dBud,mwpfckjzpfonf/ ]]AvmjzpfoGm;aponf}} ]]zsufodrf;onf}} ]]qHk;cef;wdkifaponf}}
[lt"dyg,fSdonfhjyif ]]zsufqD;onf(0g)tpazsmufypfvdkufonf}}[lyif qdkvdkonf/ aygvkonf a0g[m
&udkyif a&mr 3;3? 31/ 6;6/ 7;2? 6/ 1aum 2;6/ 13;8/ 15;24? 26/ 2aum 3;7/ *vm 5;4/ 2ouf 2;8
wdkUvnf;oHk;onf/ tydk'fi,fay:vGifaom tvm;wloabmwpfckSdonf/ u,fwifjcif;enf;vrf;ESpfckSd
onfr[kwfacs/ aus;Zl;awmf\y#dnOfw&m;topfonf tusifh(work-vkyfaqmifrI)ESifhqkdifaom y#dnOfw&m;
ta[mif;ukdy,fzsuf tcsnf;ESD;jzpfoGm;aponf! txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ y,fjyufqdwfokOf;oGm;apjcif;
tm; 3;3 Munfhyg/

4;15 ]]ynwfw&m;awmf...ynwfcsuf}}a0g[m&tm; yxroHk;&m (the)ygSdNyD;? 'kwd,ajrmufoHk;&m

rygSdacs/ *&drl&if;(the)ygSdjcif;? rygSdjcif;tm; tmkHpdkufvGef;jcif;rSm tE&m,fSdonfrSefaomfvnf; udp
aygvkonf a0g[m&tm; t"dyg,fESpfrsKd;jzpf oHk;aejcif;jzpfaMumif; ay:vGifap&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfEdkifygonf/
1/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkUonf rdrdwdkUu,fwifjcif;&a&;twGuf tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKaeMuonfh armaS\ynwd
usrf;ESifh if;\EIwfyg;pyftm;jzifh vufqifhurf;aomxHk;wrf;pOfvm
155

2/ ynwfcsufqdkif&m a,bk,st,ltq
ydkus,fjyefUaom 'kwd,t"dyg,faumuf,lrI wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;\Zmwdajzmifhrwfjcif;yg0ifonf/
if;rSm udk,fusifhw&m;(0g) bmoma&;yGJvrf;obifqdkif&m rdrdwdkU\dk;&mOya'toD;oD;jzpfNyD;? ewfbk&m;rsm;
onf rdrdwdkU\tqdkygvkyfaqmifrIrsm;udk tajcjyKumrdrdwdkYtm; vufoifhcHjcif;jyKonf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/
]]ynwfw&m;awmfonf trsufa'gojzpfap...}}if;rSm xdwfvefUbG,f&majymqdkrIjzpfonf/ (3;20/ *v
3;10-13/ aum 2;14)/armaS\ynwdusrf;rSm u,fwifjcif;&apaom vrf;wpfvrf;jzpfonf[k t"dyg,frSd
cJhbl;acs/ (*vm 3;23-29)/ if;rSm *sL;vlrsKd; rnfolrqdk(odkUr[kwf enf;Oya'oorm;rsm;)twGuf em;vnf
oabmayguf&ef(0g)vufcH&ef tvGefcufcJaomormw&m;jzpfaomfvnf; if;rSm aygvkjyKaomajymqdkrI\
tajccHtcsufjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 13;9 Munfhyg/
]]odkUaomf ynwfcsufrSdygu? vGefusL;jcif;[lvnf;rSdacs/}}bk&m;ocifonf vlom;wdkUtm; rdrdwdkU
&Sdonfhtvif;w&m;tay: wm0efSdonf[k oabmxm;onf/ wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;onf rdrdwdkUrMum;cJhbl;
aom armaS\ynwdusrf;tm;jzifh w&m;pD&ifjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnfum; r[kwfacs/ obm0w&m;tm;jzifh zGifhjyrI
tay: olwdkU wm0efSdonf/ (1;19-20/ 2;14-15)
aygvk\usKd;aMumif;jyaqG;aEG;rI ormw&m;onf aemufwpfqifh ajcvSrf;wpfckvSrf;vdkufjcif;jzpf
onf/ armaS\ynwdusrf;onf bk&m;ociftm; Sif;vif;pGm zGifhjyjcif;rjyKrDumv udk,fawmfonf vlom;
rsm;\usL;vGefrIrsm;tm; rSwfwrf;wifjcif;rjyKacs/ (3;20? 25/ 4;15/ 5;13? 20/ 7;5? 7-8/ wref 14;16/
17;30/ 1aum 15;56)/
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / / 4;16-25
16
xdktaMumif;aMumifh uwdawmftm; ynwfw&m;awmfESifhqdkifaom trsKd;udkomru? tmjA[H\
,HkMunfjcif;w&m;ESifhqdkifaomol tm;vHk;wdkUudkvnf; ay;oem;awmfrlap&eftvdkUiSg? aus;Zl;awmfESifh
tnDjzpfapa&;twGuf? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&Sd\/ 17xdktmjA[Hum;(igonf oifhudk
vlrsKd;trsm;wdkU\tbjzpfapNyD[k usrf;pmvmonfESihft nD) aovGefNyD;aomolwdkUudk toufSifap
awmfrlxaom? rwnfrSdaomt&mudk wnfaeonf? Sdaeonf[kqdkbdol? rdrd,HkMunfaom
18
bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmf igwdkUtm;vHk;\tbjzpfownf;/ ]]oif\trsKd;tEG,frsm; xdkodkUjzpf
vdrfhrnf[k ajymcJhNyD;onfhtwdkif;? olonf vlr sKd;trsm;wdkU\tbjzpfEkdif&ef ajrmfvifhjcif;ESifh qefUusif
19
bufjzpfaeaomfvnf;? olonfarQmfvifhvsuf ,HkMunf\/ rdrdtoufonf tESpfwpf&mavmufSd
ojzifh rdrdukd,fonf aoNyD;ouJhodkUjzpfaMumif;ESifh? pm&m\0rf;onfaoaeaMumif;tm; qifjcifum
20
,HkMunftm;enf;jcif;uif;\/ bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfudkav;pm;vsuf? r,HkMunfrIjzifh ,drf;,dkif
raebJ? bk&m;ocifukdcsD;rGrf;vsuf? ,HkMunfjcif; ydkcdkifrmvmum 21bk&m;ocifonf rdrduwdjyK
onfht&mtm; aqmifGufwwfpGrf; Ekdifonf[k tjynfht0pdwfcsvsufSd\/ 22xdkUaMumifh if;udkyif
ol\ajzmifhrwfjcif;tjzpf rSwfawmfrl\/ 23ol\tqdkyg ,HkMunfjcif;tm; ol\ajzmifhrwfjcif;tjzpf
24
rSwfawmfrlonf[k usrf;pma&;xm;jcif;rSm olUtusKd;twGufomr[kwfbJ igwdkU\ tSi fa,Itm;
aojcif;rS xapawmfrloltm; ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf ,HkMunfjcif;udkyif ajzmifhrwfjcif;tjzpf
rSwfay;rnftaMumif;? igwdkUtusKd;twGufvnf; a&;om;jcif;jzpf\/ 25xdktSi fonf igwdkU\vGef
usL;jcif;rsm;aMumifh tyfESHjcif;cHum? igwdkUonf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&Sd&ef xawmfrlapjcif;cH&\/
156

4;16 if;onf ti,f 14 rS aygvk\tusKd;oifhtaMumif;oifh aqG;aEG;rItm; vSypGmtusOf;csKHUjcif; wpfckjzpf

onf/
1/ vlom;rsm;onf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh wHkUjyefrIjyKMu&rnf
2/ bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;uwdawmf
3/ xdkuwdawmfonf ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm; usifhoHk;olrsm;jzpfonfh tmjA[H\tquftEG,frsm;
tm;vHk; (*sL;ESifhwpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;)twGuf aocsmonf/
4/ tmjA[Honf ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;ESifhpyfqdkifoltm;vHk;twGuf Oyrmjzpfonf/

NRSB, NRSV
TEV, NIV
NKJV
REB
NET

]]ay;oem;awmfrljcif; cH&onf}}
]]pdwfcs&onf}}
]]w&m;0ifonf}}
]]aocsmonf}}
atmufyg txl;taMumif;t&mudkMunfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/ tmrcHonf

if;rSm *&da0g[m& bebaios jzpfNyD; t"dyg,fyGg;oHk;rsKd;Sdonf/

1/ pdwfcs&aom? aocsmaom(0g)rSDcdk&aom (a&mr 4;16/ 2aum 1;7/ a[NAJ 2;20/ 3;6? 14/ 6;19/
2ay 1;10? 19)
2/ wpHkw&m\,HkMunfpdwfcs&rItm; jyoaom(0g)wnfaqmufaomvkyfenf;vkyfxHk; (a&mr 15;8/
a[NAJ 2;2/ Louw and Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, Vol. 1, pp. 340,
377, 670 )
3/ yk&ydkufpmayrsm; if;onf w&m;Oya'qdkif&m tmrcHay;jcif;twGuf oHk;aomenf;ynmoHk;
a0g[m&jzpfvmonf/ (Moulton and Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament,
pp.107-8 )
if;onf ti,f 14 \qefUusifbufpum;jzpfayrnf/ bk&m;ocifay;aomuwdawmfrsm;udk pdwfcs&yg
onf/
]]tm;vHk;...tm;vHk;}}if;onf ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;wdkUudk &nfnTef;onf(*sL;vlrsKd;ESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;)
4;17-23 aygvkonf tmjA[Htm; OD;pm;ay;tcsuf ESpfcsuftm;azmfjy&ef aemufwzeftoHk;jyKonf/ (1)
bk&m;ocifonf aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh tpjyKuwdawmfay;jcif;(y#dnmOfw&m;)ESifh (2) vlonf ,HkMunfjcif;
tm;jzifh tpjyKwHkUjyefrIjyK&efESifh ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh qufvufwHkUjyef&efvdktyfonf/ (1;5 \rSwfcsuf?
y#dnmOfw&m; Munfhyg/) y#dnmOfw&m; ESpfOD;ESpfzufvkyfaqmifrI yg0ifavhSdonf/
4;17 ]]vlrsKd;trsm;wdkU\tb....usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnD}}if;onfurm 17;5 tm;udk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/
*&d"ra[mif;(LXX) ]]wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;}}(Gentiles)[kygSdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tmjA[H\tquft
EG,frsm;omrubJ? tm'H\tquftEG,ftm;vHk;aG;EIwf&ef tvdkawmfSdaeusjzpfonf/ (urm 3;15)tmjAH
(Abram)\emrnfopfrSm tmjA[H(Abraham)jzpfNyD; t"dyg,frSm]]vlajrmufrsm;pGmwdkU\tb}}[ljzpfonf/
157

if;wGif udk,fcEmtquftEG,frsm;udkomrubJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tquftEG,frsm;yg0ifaMumif; ,cktcguRef

awmfwdkYodSdMu\/
]]aovGefNyD;aomolwdkYudk toufSifapawmfrlxaom}}usrf;pum;tquftpyft& if;onf tmjA[H
ESihfpm&m wdkU\ umrpGrf;tm; topfjyefvnfarG;zGm;jcif;tm; &nfnTef;onf/ (i,f 19)
]]rwnfrSdaomt&mudk wnfaeonf? Sdaeonf[kqdkbdol}}usrf;pum;tquftpyftaMumif;oabm
t& if;onf pm&muZuftm; udk,f0efaqmifjcif;udk&nfnTef;aomfvnf; ,HkMunfjcif;onf tjrwfqHk;jzwf
aomt&mjzpfjcif;oabmudkyg nTef;qdkonf/ (a[NAJ 11;1)
4;18
NASB
NRSV
TEV
NJB

]]arQmfvifh&ef qefUusifbufjzpfaeaomolonf? ajrmfvifhvsuf,HkMunfonf}}

]]ajrmfvifhjcif;ESifh qefUusifum arQmfvifh&if; olonf,HkMunf\}}
]]tmjA[Honf arQmfvifhae&ef taMumif;rSdonfhtcgyif ,HkMunfum? arQmfvifhonf}}
]]ajrmfvifhjcif;rSdouJhodkUjzpfaomfvnf;? olonf arQmfvifhum,HkMunfonf}}

]]ajrmfvifhjcif;}}taMumif;txl;taMumif;t&mudk 12;12 awGU&onf/ a0g[m&onf taSUtv,f

ydkif;bmom&yfqdkif&m us,fjyefUaomoabmSdonf/ Harold K.Moulton, The Analytical Greek Lexion
Revised, p.133 oHk;EIef;yHk tcsKdUay;xm;onf/
1/
2/
3
4/
5/

ajrmfvifhjcif;\tajccHt"dyg,f (a&mr 5;4/ wref 24;15)

ajrmfvifhjcif;\taMumif;w&m;(a&mr8;24/*vm5;5)
ajrmfvifhjcif;tm;jyKpkol(0g)rlv&if;jrpf(aum1;27/1wd1;1)
tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKjcif;? ,HkMunfpdwfcsjcif; (1ay 1;21)
tmrcHjzifhvHkjcHKrI (wref 2;26/ a&mr 8;20)

tydkif; ajrmfvifhjcif;udk uGJjym;aomt"dyg,fESpfrsKd;jzifhoHk;onf/ vlom;\pGrf;tm;ESifh wefcdk;

ajrmfvifhrIrSm (i,f 19-21) bk&m;ocif\uwdawmftm; ajrmfvifhjcif;ESifh NydKifbufjzpfonf/ (i,f 17)

NASB, NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

]]oif\trsKd;tEG,frsm; xdkodkYjzpfvdrfhrnf[k}}
]]oif\trsKd;tEG,frsm; xdkodkYrsm;jym;vdrfhrnf[k}}
]]oif\tquftEG,frsm; rsm;jym;vdrfhrnf}}
]]oif\trsKd;tEG,frsm;onf Mu,frsm;uJhodkYrsm;jym;vdrfhrnf}}

if;udk om;a,musfm;wpfa,muf (xGef;um;rnftaMumif; tmjA[Htm;ay;onfh uwdawmf\aocsmrI

tm; tav;teufjyKonfh urm 15;5 rSudk;um;onf)/(i,f 19-22)/ Zuftm; atmufygtaMumif;t&m
wdkYjzpfysufNyD;aemuf arG;zGm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; odxm;yg/
1/
2/

uwdawmfay;NyD;wq,fhoHk;ESpfjynfhNyD;aemuf
tmjA[Honf pm&mtm; prf;oyfNyD;aemuf (ESpfcgjzpfonf/ urm 12;10-19/ 20;17)
158

3/
4/

tmjA[Honf pm&m\tapcH tD*spftrsKd;orD;[m*&ESifh om;a,musfm;wpfa,muf&NyD;aemuf

(urm 16;1-16)
pm&mESifh(urm 18;12)tmjA[HESpfa,mufpvHk;wdkYonf (urm 17;17)xdkuwdawmftm; &,fcJh
MuNyD;aemuf? tmjA[HESifhpm&mESpfa,mufpvHk; pHkvifjynfh0aom ,HkMunfjcif;SdcJhMuonf
r[kwfacs/ u,fwifjcif;onf pHkvifjynfh0aom,HkMunfjcif;ukdrawmif;qdkbJ? rSefuefaom
taMumif;w&m;udk ("ra[mif; bk&m;ocifESifh "ropf om;awmftm;)omvQif awmif;qdkae
jcif;twGuf bk&m;ocifudk aus;Zl;wifvSyg\/

4;19 ]]qifjcifum}}bmomjyefcsufonf MSS Aleph, A, B, Cudkvdkufonf/ odkUaomf tcsKdUaS;a[mif;

vufa&;pmrlpmvHk; BuD;rsm;onf tjiif;oabmtjzpf toHk;jyKaom(ou)udk aygif;xnfhonf/ D, F, G.
UBS4onf (]]C }}tqifhxm;vsuf) qHk;jzwfcsufrcsEkdifaomfvnf; ydkrdkwdkawmif;aomrl&if;pmukd yHkESdyfonf/
NET bmomjyefusrf;onfvnf; ydkrdkwdkawmif;aomrl&if;pmudk axmufcHonf/
4;20 tpydkif; tmjA[Honf xdkom;rSm pm&mrS arG;zGm;vdrfhrnfqdkaom uwdawmfudk aumif;pGmem;rvnfcJh
acs/ tmjA[H\,HkMunfjcif;udkvufcHum? if;tm;jzifhjyKrljcif;rSm udk,fawmfonf rpHkvifrjynfh0ol vlom;rsm;
udkcspfawmfrlaomaMumifhwnf;/
]]r,HkMunfrIjzihf ,drf;,dkifraebJ}}Bud,mjzpfonfh diakrin udk a,Iu rJ 21;21/ rmuk 11;23
wdkUoHk;onf/ tmjA[Honf bk&m;ocifajymonfhpum;(uwdawmf)tm; ar;cGef;xkwf&ef taMumif;&if;rsm;
Sdaeaomfvnf;? (i,f 19) olonf xdkodkYjyK&rnfhtpm; ydkpGrf;tm;aumif;vmonf/
ti,f 20Sd Bud,mESpfckpvHk; AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ jyKvkyfol uHyk'frSm
bk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif;? tjyKcHBud,m PASSIVE ujyoaomfvnf; tm;jA[Honf wefcdk;awmftm; rdrdudkcGeftm;
jynhfap &ef cGifhjyKbdkY (y#dnmOfjyKjcif;)vdktyfonf!
]]bk&m;ocifudk csD;rGrf;vsuf}}txl;taMumif;t&m 3;23 Munfhyg/
4;21
NASB
NKJV, NRSV
TEV
NJB

]]tjynfht0 pdwfcsvsufSd\/}}
]]tjynfht0 oabmaygufvsufSd\/}}
]]vHk;0pdwfcsvsufSd\/}}
]]tjynfht0oabmayguf\/}}

if;onf AORIST PASSIVE PARTICLE jzpfNyD;? wpfpHkwpf&m(vk 1;1/ aum 4;12)odkUr[kwf wpfpHk
wpfa,muf (a&mr 4;21/ 14;5)taMumif;tm; tjynfht0pdwfcsrISdjcif;udkjyonf/ if;pum;vHk;\emrfyk'ftm;
tjynfht0pdwfcsjcif;twGuf aum 2;2 ESifh 1ouf 1;5wdkUoHk;onf/ bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmf? EIwfuywfawmf
ESihfwefcdk;awmfwdkUtm; pdwfcsrISdjcif;onf vlom;rsm;tm; vufawGUvkyfaqmif&ef wwfpGrf;aponf/
]]bk&m;ocifonf rdrduwdjyKonfht&mtm;aqmifGuf&ef wwfpGrf;Ekdifonf}}/if;onf PERFECT
MIDDLE (oufaoxGufqdkcsuf)jzpfNyD; twdwfumvu jyKcJhaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfck NyD;pD;oGm;cJhum? wnfSdae
onf[kqdkvdkonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;\tESpfom&rSm bk&m;ocif\pkdufawmfESifhuwdawmfrsm;udk wpfa,mufaom
159

olu tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKjcif;jzpf (16;25/ {zuf 3;20/ ,k' 24)um? vlom;\vkyfaqmifrIr[kwfacs/

,HkMunfjcif;onf uwday;olbk&m;Sifawmfudk udk;pm;jcif;jyKonf/ (a[Sm 55;11)
4;22 if;onf urm 15;6 (i,f 3)tm; t&dyft>rufazmfjyjcif;jzpfNyD;? bk&m;ocifonf tjypfSdolvlom;rsm;
tm; rdrd\ajzmifhrwfjcif;udk rnfuJhodkUay;aMumif; aygvk\tusKd;oifh?taMumif;oihf azmfjyaqG;aEG;rI\ "ro
abmw&m;qdkif&maomhcsufjzpfonf/
4;23-25 tcef;i,frsm;onf *&drl&if; 0guswpfckwnf;jzpfonf/ tqifhqifhjzpfaeyHkudk odrSwfxm;yg/
1/
tmjA[H\tusKd;twGuf (i,f 23)
2/
,HkMunfoltm;vHk;\tusKd;twGuf (i,f 24)
3/
bk&m;ocifonf a,Itm; xapjcif;jzifh (i,f 24)
4/
a,Ionf igwdkUtjypfaMumifh tyfESHjcif;cHum(a,m
twGuf (ajzmifhrwfapjcif;)xajrmufapjcif;cH&onf/ i,f 25/

3;16)igwdkU\tjypfrsm;vTwfap&ef

4;24 tmjA[H\,HkMunfjcif;onf ol\ppfrSefaomtquftEG,frsm;tm;vHk;vdkufem&ef yHkpHjzpfvmonf/

tmjA[Honf om;a,musfm;wpfa,mufESifh tquftEG,ftm; uwday;jcif;tay: bk&m;ociftm; ,HkMunfcJh
onf/(txl;taMumif;t&m 4;5 Munfhyg)/ usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;tay: bk&m;ocif\uwdawmf tm;vHk;
wdkU\jynfhpHkjcif;rSm arSd,a,IjzpfaMumif; y#dnOfw&m;opf,HkMunfolrsm; ,HkMunfMuonf/
om;a,musfm;wpfa,mufESifh vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;[laompum;ESpfvHk;wdkUrSm]]seed}}rSqif;oufvmNyD; tenf;jy
udef;ESifh trsm;jyudef;ESpfrsKd;pvHk;twGuf oHk;jcif;jzpfonf/
xonf? xapjcif;cH&onf (raised )twGuf 8;11 Munfhyg/
4;25 ]]igwdkU\vGefusL;jcif;rsm;aMumifh tyfESHjcif;cHum}}if;rSm w&m;Oya'a0g[m&jzpfNyD;]]wpfa,muf
aomoltm; jypf'PfcH&eftyfESHonf}}[kt"dyg,fSdonf/ ti,f 25onf *&dbmomjyef "ra[mif;usrf;(LXX)
\ a[Sm 53;11-12tm;ay:vGifaponfhc&pfawmftaMumif; tHhMobG,f&mazmfjyrIwpfckjzpf onf/
]]igwdkUonf ajzmifhrwfjcif;&Sd&ef xawmfrlapjcif;cH&\/}} ti,f 25 u 0gustydkif;ESpfydkif;pvHk;
tNydKifjzpfaeaomfvnf; (0dbwfwpfrsKd;wnf;jzpfNyD; ESpfckpvHk; AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf) if;rSm
"roabmw&m;twGufr[kwfbJ? pma&;[efoufoufjzpfonf/ (5;9-10/ 2aum 13;4)/ Frank Stagg \
bmomjyefrI(New Testament Theology, p.97)]]igwdkU\vGefusL;rIrsm;aMumifh tyfESHjcif;cHum? igwdkUonf
ajzmifhrwfapjcif;cHolrsm;jzpfap&ef [laomtjrifjzifh xapjcif;cH&onf}}[kqdk&m tvGefqDavsmfonf/ bm
omjyefcsuf ajzmifhrwfaponf-justify [laompum;vHk;tm; aygvkoHk;jcif;\tjrifESpfrsKd;jzpfonfh (1)w&m;
kH;awmf^Oya'ydkif;qdkif&m&yfwnfrIESihf (2) c&pfawmfESihfwlaom b0toufwm ESpfrsKd;pvHk;yg0ifonf/ 1;17
\txl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg/
a,I\jyefSifxajrmufjcif;onf aygvktwGuf "roabmw&m;qdkif&m ormw&m;\A[dkcsufrjzpf
onf/ (1;3-4/ 4;24-25/ 6;4? 9/ 7;4/ 8;11? 34/ 10;9; 1aum 6;14/ 15;3-11? 20-23/ 2aum 1;9/
4;14/ 5;15/ 13;4/ *vm 1;1/ {zuf 2;20/ aum 2;12/ 1ouf 1;10/ 2wd 2;8)/ ocsKif;*lrSm vGwfvsufSd
aeonf odkUr[kwf c&pf,mefrSm vdrfnmrIBuD;wpf&yfomvQifjzpfonf[l wpfckckjzpf&ayrnf/ (1aum
15;12-19)!
160

aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;
pmtkyfonf teufzGifhrItwGuf vrf;nTefjcif;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pm
tm;? rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0efSdonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&Sd
xm;onfh tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif? ormusrf;pmESifh
oefUSif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmteufzGihfjcif;tvkyftm;? teufzGifhusrf;
a&;om;olrsm;tay:om yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfaom ar;cGef;rsm;rSm pmtkyf\ tydkif;wGifyg0ifaomt"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;
tm;pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJ?pOf;pm;qifjcifrItm; EId;qGay;jcif;omjzpfonf/
1/ a&mrMo0g'pm\ tydkif;onf tb,faMumifh tvGefta&;BuD;&oenf;?
2/ aygvkonf tmjA[HESifh 'g0d'fwdkYtm; Oyrmrsm;tjzpf tb,faMumifhoHk;oenf;?
3/ atmufygaomhcsufpum;vHk;rsm;udk aygvk\oHk;EIef;yHktwdkif; (oif\t"dyg,fzGifhqdkcsufr[kwf)
t"dyg,fowfrSwfcsufay;yg/
(u) ajzmifhrwfjcif; - righteousness
(c) rSwf,lonf - reckoned
(*) ,HkMunfjcif; - faith
(C) uwdawmf - promise
4/
*sL;vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;onf tb,faMumifhtvGefta&;BuD;oenf;?(i,f 912)
5/
ti,f 13 ESifh 16 wdkU ]]trsKd;tEG,f}}[k qdk&mwGif rnfolUudk &nfnTef;oenf;?

161

a&mr 5
acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\pmydk'fcGJrsm;
UBS4

ajzmifhrwfapjcif;
\&v'frsm;

NKJV

TEV

ajzmifhrwfapjcif;\
tusKd;qufrsm;

bk&m;ESifhrSefuef
jcif;

5;1-5

5;1-5

5;6-11

5;6-11

5;6-11

tm'HESifhc&pf

tm'Haojcif;

tm'HESifhc&pfawmf

tm'HESifhc&pfawmf

awmf

c&pfawmftoufSifjcif;

qifwlrIESifhjcm;em;rI

5;12-14

5;12-21

5;12-14

5;1-11

,HkMunfjcif;onf
'kucH&matmifjrif

NRSV

5;1-5

NJB

,HkMunfjcif;
onfu,fwif
jcif;udktmrcH
5;1-11

igwdkUae&mudkc&pfawmf,l

tm'HESihfa,I
c&pfawmf

5;12-14

5;12-14

5;14-17
5;15-21

5;15-17

5;15-21

5;18-21

5;18-19
5;20-21

ywfvnfzwfIjcif; tausmhoHk;(pm-8

xi

Munfh)

rl&if;pma&;ol\ pmydk'ftvdkuf&nfG,fcsuftm;em;vnfjcif;
if;rSm teufzGifhrIvrf;nTeftm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif
teufjyef&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd&Sdaomtvif;xJ avQmufoGm;
&efjzpfrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif? ormusrf;pmESifh oefUSif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm
y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;olrsm;tay:om yHkcs&ef
r[kwfacs/
tcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf;tNyD;zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;owfrSwfyg/ rdrd\taMumif;
t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk txufygacwfopfbmomjyef usrf;ig;ckwdkUESifhEIdif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmf
rIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nfG,fcsuftm;em;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ if;rSm
teufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD; pmydk'fwpfydk'f taMumif;
t&mwpfckwnf;Sdonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd, pmydk'f
162

4/ ... pojzifh

usrf;pum;tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;
u/ *&drl&if; ti,f 1-11rSm 0guswpfckjzpfonf/ ]]aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh ,HkMunfjcif;aMumifh ajzmifhrwf
apjcif;}}[laom aygvkt,l0g'\tcsuftjcmudk tcef;i,frsm;u ay:vGifaponf/ (3;21- 4;25)

c/ ti,f 1-11 udk atmufygtwdkif; tusOf;csKHUEkdifonf

ti,f 1-5

ti,f 6-8

ti,f 9-11

1/ u,fwifjcif;\tusKd;aus;Zl;

1/ u,fwifjcif;twGuftajccH

2/ ajzmifhrwfapjcif;\ pdwfydkif;
qdkif&mtawGUtMuHK
3/ ajzmifhrwfapjcif;
4/ vlom;taMumif; avhvmrI

2/ ajzmifhrwfapjcif;tm; jrif&yHk
3/ wdk;wufjzpfay:aomajzmifhrwfapjcif;
4/ bk&m;taMumif; avhvmrI

*/

1/ aocsmaomtem*wfu,f
wifjcif;
2/aocsmaomtem*wf
ajzmifhrwfapjcif;
3/ bkef;wefcdk;cHpm;jcif;
4/ tem*wf jzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;

ti,f 12-21onf a,Itm; 'kwd,tm'Htjzpf aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfonf/ (1aum 15;21-22? 45-49/ zd

2;6-8)if;onf vlyk*dKvftvdkuf tjypfESifhwpfaygif;wnf;jzpfaom tjypfSdjcif;qdkif&m "roabm
w&m;udk tav;teufjyKonf/ tm'HtxJ vlom;usqif;jcif;(ESifhzefqif;jcif;)tm; aygvky:vGifap
yHkrSm xl;jcm;vSNyD; *sL;&Adq&mBuD;rsm;ESihfuGJjym;onf/ (olwdkUonf rdrdwdkU\tjypfqdkif&mMo0g'udk
urmOD; 6 rS,lMuonf)/ odkUaomf ol\wpkwaygif;wnf;tjrifrSm &Adq&mBuD;rsm;\oGefoifrIESifh
rsm;pGmwlonf/ aygvkonf a,kSvifNrdKUwGif *gravsvvufatmuf oifwef;wufpOf rdrdoifMum;
cJh&onfhormw&m;wdkUudk(wref 22;3) toHk;jyK&ef(0g)jznfhpGuf&eftwGuf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;rI
tm;jzifh wwfpGrf;EkdifyHkudkjyonf/
jyefvnfjyifqifaomacwfumv {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\tjypftaMumif; Mo0g'udk Mo*wfpwif;ESifh
uJvfAifwdkUu urmOD; 3 rS,lcJhMuonf/ if;\tajccHtqdkrSm vlom;onf ADZtm;jzifh tjypfom;tjzpf
arG;zGm;vmonf(t<uif;rJhysufpD;jcif;)[laomtcsufjzpf\/ "ra[mif;usrf; taxmuftxm;usrf;ydk'frsm;tjzpf
qm 51;5/ 58;3 ESifh a,mb 15;14/ 25;4 wdkUudk,lonf/ vlom;wdkUonf rdrdwdkU\aG;cs,frIrsm;ESihf
rdrdwdkU\b0uHMurmtwGuf ydkwdk;aomfvnf;aumif;? udk,fusifhw&m;ESihf 0dnmOfa&;&mwdkYtm;jzifhvnf;
aumif; wm0efSdonf[laom wvSnfh"roabmw&m;qdkif&m&yfwnfcsufudk Pelagius ESifhArminius wdkUu
azmfaqmifcJhMuonf/ olwdkU\tjriftwGuf tcsKdUaomtaxmuftxm;wdkUrSm w&m;a[m 1;39/ a[Sm 7;15
ESifh a,me 4;11/ a,m[ef 9;41/ 15;22? 24/ wref 17;30/ a&mr 4;15 wdkUjzpfonf/ "roabmw&m;
qdkif&m &yfwnfrI\t"dutcsufrSm uav;wdkUonf udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&mwm0efSdonfh tG,frwdkifrD
txd tjypfuif;Muonf[laom tcsufyifjzpfayvdrfhrnf/ (&Adq&mBuD;rsm;twGuf if;tG,frSm a,musfm;u
av;rsm; 13 ESpfESifh rdef;uav;rsm; 12 ESpfjzpfonf)
arG;&mygtm;jzifh qdk;0g;rI0goemygvmjcif;ESifh udk,fusihfw&m;qdkif&m wm0efSdaom touftG,f
ESpfrsKd;vHk; rSefuefonf[laom pOf;pm;qifjcifonfh&yfwnfrIwpfckSdonf/ qdk;0g;jcif;onf wpfpkwpfaygif;
163

wnf;tm;jzifhomr[kwfbJ? yk*dKvfwpfOD;csif;onf tjypfjyK&ef ydkydkqdk;0g;vmMujcif;vnf;jzpfonf/ (vl\

b0onf bk&m;ocifESifh ydkydk uGJuGmoGm;onf)/ taMumif;t&mrSm vlom;\qdk;,kwfrItaMumif;
r[kwfbJ (urm 6;5? 11-12? 13/ a&mr 3;9-18? 23) rnfonfhtcsdefu qdk;,kwfoenf;? arG;zGm;csdefavm?
odkUwnf;r[kwf aemufydkif;toufwmavm! qdkonfhtcsufjzpfonf/
C/ ti,f 12 taMumif; oDtdk&DtcsKdUSdygonf/
1/
vlom;tm;vHk;tjypfjyK&ef aG;cs,fMuojzifh vlom;tm;vHk;aoqHk;onf/ (Pelagius)
2/
tm'H\tjypfonf zefqif;jcif;wpf&yfvHk;tm; ul;pufojzifh? tm;vHk;aoqHk;onf/ (18-19/
Augustine)
3/
trSeftm;jzifh ADZtjypfESifh qEtavsmufjyKaom tjypfESpfrsKd;aygif;pyfjcif;jzpfEkdifygonf/
i/ ti,f 12 ponfh ]]onfenf;wl}}[laom EIdif;,SOfrIonf ti,f 18 txd rNyD;qHk;ao;acs/ ti,f
13-17 onf aygvk\pma&;[efjzpfaom Mum;nyfcsufwpfckrsKd; oabmjzpfonf/
p/ aygvk\{0Ha*vdowif;aumif; wifjyyHkudk owd&yg/ 1;18-8;39txdonf qufvuf tusKd;oifh
taMumif;oifh aqG;aEG;csufwpf&yfomvQifjzpfonf/ tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk aumif;rGefpGmteufjyefum?
wefbdk;xm;Ekdif&ef wpfckvHk;tm; jcHKjrifwwf&ygrnf/
q/ rmwifvlomonf tcef;BuD; 5 tm; ]]atmifyef;o&zlqGwfcl;aom usrf;ydk'fESifh wef;wltjcm;
tcef;BuD;wpfck ormusrf;wpftkyfvHk; SdcsifrSSdayvdrfhrnf}}[l ajymcJhbl;onf/

pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pkavhvmrI
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / / 5;1-5
1
xdkUaMumifh igwdkUonf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&um? igwdkU\ocifa,I c&pf
awmfrSwqifh bk&m;ocifESihf Nidrf;csrf;rI&Mu\/ 2igwdkUonf rdrdwdkU\&yfwnf&mjzpfaom aus;Zl;
awmftxJodkU ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh pwif&jcif;tm; xdktSiftm;jzifh&SdMuum? bk& m;ocif\bkef;wef
cdk;awmftm; arQmfvifhvsuf tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\/ 3xdkrQomvQifr[kwf? 'kuqif;&Jonf pGJNrJjcif;
4
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5
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2/
"roabmw&m;wifjyrItm; ed*Hk;csKyfjcif;
3/
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164

 ]]ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&onf}}if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE PARTICLEwpfckjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunf

oludk ajzmifhrwfapcJhNyDjzpf\/ tcsuftm; tav;teufjyKjcif;tjzpf *&d0guswGif aSUydkif;xm;onf/ (i,f
1-2)/ if; tcsdefumvqdkif&m tpDtpOfwpfck ti,f 1-11 Sdae[efwlonf/
1/
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2/
i,f 6-8/ igwdkUtwGuf c&pfawmfNyD;pD;cJhaomtvkyf
3/
i,f 9-11/ tem*wftwGuf igwdkU\ajrmfvifhjcif;ESihf u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrI
usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnfjcif;tydkif;(c)\tusOf;csKHUMunfhyg/
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a[NAJvlrsKd;uJhodkUawG;NyD;? *&daeUpOfoHk;pum;jzifh a&;om;olrsm;jzpfonf)]]ajzmifhwef;aomtpGef;tem;}}odkYr
[kwf]]wdkif;wm&musLvHk;[ljzpfonf/ if;rSm bk&m;ociftaMumif; wifpm;azmfjy&m oHk;aoma0g[m&jzpf
vmonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m//ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m; 1;17 Munfhyg/ bk&m;ocif\pdkuf? oefUSif;jcif;
onfomvQif w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;\ pHjzpfayrnf/ (LXX \0wfjyK 24;22 ESifh"roabmw&m;t& rJ
5;48)/ a,Ionf ,ZfaumiftjzpfESihf tpm;xdk;&mtjzpf taocHjcif;aMumifh(a[Sm 53) ,HkMunfolrsm; onf
bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmf w&m;Oya't& &yfwnf&mwpf&yf&SdMuonf/ (5;2 rSwfcsufMunfhyg/)
,HkMunfol tjypfuif;oGm;onf[k qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfbJ? ,ckacwftac:jzifh vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifhay;jcif;
rsKd;jzpfonf/ tjcm;aomyk*dKvfwpfpHkwpfa,mufonf jypf'Pfudkay;acsoGm;cJhjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;21)/
,HkMunfolonf tjypfvTwfjcif;cH&NyD[k xkwfazmfaMumfjimjcif; cH&onf/ (i,f 9?10)
]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh}} ,HkMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\vufaqmifatmiftm; vufcH&mvufjzpfonf/
(i,f 2/ a&mr 4;1)/ ,HkMunfjcif;onf ,HkMunfol\ qufuyfrI(0g)qHk;jzwfrI\'D*&D (0g)twdkif;twmtm;
tajcrjyKbJ (rJ 17;20)bk&m;ocif\pkdufESifh uwdawmfay:tajcjyKonf/({zuf 2;8-9)/ ]],HkMunfjcif;}}
[laom"ra[mif;pum;vHk;onf rl&if;tm;jzifh wnfNidrfpGmrwfrwf&yfaeaom udk,faeudk,fxm;udk &nfnTef;
onf/ if;onf vlwpfa,muf\opmSdrI? tm;xm;xdkufrIESifh ,HkMunfpdwfcs&rItm; wifpm;azmfjy&efoHk;onfh
pum;vHk; jzpfvmonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;onf uRefawmfwdkU\opmSdrI(0g),HkMunfpdwfcs&rIudk tajcrjyKbJ?
bk&m;ocifudkom tajcjyKonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ,HkMunfjcif; 4;5 Munfhyg/
]]Nidrf;csrf;rI&Mu\/}} uGJjym;jcm;em;aom *&dvufa&;rl&if;wpfckSdonf/ Bud,monf PRESENT
ACTIVE SUBJECTIVE (echomen, MSS a*, A, B*, C, D) odkUr[kwf PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE
2
(echomen,MSS Aleph B , F, G)jzpfonf/ uJhodkUaom o'goabmt& t"dyg,f roJuGJrIrsm; ti,f 1? 2
ESifh 3 wdkUvnf; awGUSd&onf/
1/
if;onfSUBJUNCTIVEac:pdwfqEwpfck &nfnTef;rIjzpfygu ]]Nidrf;csrf;rItm; qufvufcHpm;
MuygpdkU}} odkUr[kwf]]Nidrf;csrf;rI&Sdjcif;tm; xdef;xm;MuygpdkU}}[l bmomjyef &vdrfhrnf/
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tjzpfrSefwpf&yftm; azmfjyrIjzpfonfh INDICATIVEjzpfygrI ]]Nidrf;csrf;rIudk igwdkU&SdMu\}}[l
bmomjyef&efjzpfonf/
ti,f 1-11 rSm wdkufwGef;jcif;r[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfolrsm;jzpfaeonfht&m(0g)c&pfawmfrSwqifh
olwdkU&cJhNyD;jzpfonfht&mjzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh Bud,mrSmPRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVEjzpfonfh
]]Nidrf;csrf;rIudk igwdkU&SdMu\}}[l omjzpfygvdrfhrnf/ xdkUaMumifh UBS4 onf if;tm; pdwfBudKuf ]]A}}tqifh
(aocsm)ay;onf/
165

uRefawmfwdkU\ aS;acwf*&dvufa&;usrf; trsm;tjym;wdkYudkjyKvkyfyHkrSm wpfa,mufuzwfNyD;tjcm;t

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onf/ xdkUaMumifh usrf;pum;tquftpyfESihfwpfcgwpf&H pma&;[efESihf pma&;oloHk;aeusa0g[m&wdkYonf
rnfodkY teufjyef&rnfudkqHk;jzwf&m ydkrdkvG,fulaponf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/

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peace ac:pum;vHk;tm; t"dyg,foHk;rsKd;jzifhoHk;onf/
1/
yuwdtjrifESifhjzpfNyD; c&pfawmfrSwqifh bk&m;ocifESifhNidrf;csrf;a&;&jcif; (aum 1;20)
2/
pdwfydkif;qdkif&mtjrifhESifhjzpfNyD; bk&m;ocifESifh rSefuefrI&jcif; (a,m 14;27/ 16;33/ zd 4;7)
3/
,HkMunfol*sL;vlrsKd;ESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;ESpfrsKd;pvHk; c&pfawmfrSwqifh topfaomcEmudk,f
wpfckxJ bk&m;ocifu aygif;pnf;vdkufjcif;/ ({zuf 2;14-17/ aum 3;15) bk&m;ocifESifh
wpfcgNidrf;csrf;rI&NyDqdkvQif? if;onf tjcm;olrsm;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;rIjzpfay:ap&rnfjzpfonf/
a'gifvdkuftjzpf rSefonfhtvsm;vdkuftjzpfrSefjzifh ay:vGifae&ygrnf/ (wpfOD;csif;ESifh bk&m;
ociftMum;rSm a'gifvdkufqufqHa&;jzpfNyD;? tvsm;vdkufqufqHa&;qdkif&mrSm vltcsif;csif;
qufqHa&;udkqdkvdkygonf)
Newman ESifh Nida wdkYa&;om;jyKpkonfh A Translator's Handbook on Paul's Letter to the Romans,
p.92 ]]Nidrf;csrf;jcif;}} -peace taMumif; rSwfcsufaumif;wpfckSdonf/
]]"ra[mif;ESifh"ropfusrf;ESpfckpvHk;wGif]]Nidrf;csrf;jcif;}}-peace [laompum;vHk; us,fjyefYaom
t"dyg,fSdonf/ tajccHtm;jzifh if;onf vlwpfa,muf\b0toufwmtvHk;pHk aumif;rGeftqifajy
aejcif;udkazmfjyonf/ if;udk *sL;vlrsKd;wdkYonf EIwfqufpum;tjzpf (shalom)yif toHk;jyKMuonf/ arSd,\
u,fwifjcif;tm; a&;om;azmfjy&ef *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY toHk;jyKEkdifavmufatmif if;a0g[m& av;eufvSonfh
t"dyg,fSdonf/ xdkYaMumifh ]]bk&m;ocifESifh rSefuefaomqufEG,fawmfpyfrI}}tm;azmfjyonfh t"dyg,fwl
pum;vHk;tjzpf toHk;jyKonfhtcgvnf;Sdonf/ ae&mrl bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm; rdrdESihfrSefuef
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azmfjy&ef toHk;jyKaMumif;ay:vGifonf/ (pmrsufESm 92)
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udk,fpm;vS,fawmfjzpfonf/ (i,f 2? 9? 11? 17? 21/ ti,f 50dnmOfawmf) a,Ionf bk&m;ocifESihf
Nidrf;csrf;a&;&Ekdif&ef wpfckwnf;aomvrf;jzpfonf/ (a,m 10;7-8/ 14;6/ wref 4;12/ 1wd 2;5)/
]]ocifa,Ic&pfawmf}}[laom bGJYemrawmfygaom a0g[m&rsm;udk 1;4\ rSwfcsufMunfhyg/
5;2 ]]pwif0if&jcif;tm;...&SdMu}}Bud,mrSm PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ twdwf NyD;pD;cJhNyD;
aomvkyfaqmifrIwpfck\ tusKd;oufa&mufrIonf ,ckwnfSdaeaMumif;tm;ajymonf/
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]]cGifhjyKjcif;}}[kqdkvdkonf/ (prosagg {zuf 2;18/ 3;12)/ if;udk atmufygt"dyg,frsm;jzifh wifpm;oHk;EIef;
onf/
1/ rif;rsKd;rif;EG,frsm;odkY vludk,fwdkif rdwfqufcH&jcif;
166

2/ qdyfurf;wpfckodkY vHkjcHKpGm ,laqmifoGm;rIcH&jcif; (1ay 3;18)

pum;pk *&dvufa&;usrf;rsm; uGJjym;rIwpfckyg0ifonf/ tcsKdYaS;acwfvufa&;usrf;rsm;
]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh}}pum;pkudk aygif;xnfhonf/ (a2, C tcsKdUaom Old Latin, Vulgate, Syriac ESifh Coptic
usrf;uGJ rsm;) tjcm;vufa&;usrf;rsm; ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh}}qdkonfh pum;pk 0dbwf ]]to}} jznfhpGufonf/
(a, A ESifhtcsKdUaomVulgate usrf;uGJrsm;)rnfodkYjzpfap pmvHk;BuD;rsm;jzifha&;onfh vufa&;usrf; B, D,
FESifhG wdkYurl if;udk csefxm;Muonf/ 5;1 ESifh 4;16 (ESpfcg)? 19ESifh20 wdkYtvm;wljzpfaejcif;aMumifh if;udk
jznfhpGuf vdkufjcif;jzpf[efSdonf/ ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh}}[lonf aygvk rMumcPoHk;aom t"dutcsufBuD;
jzpfonf/
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aom bk&m;ocif\arwmawmftm;qdkvdkonf/ ({zuf 2;4-9)/ if;udk tjypfjynfhaomvlom;twGuf
c&pfawmftaocH&m Sif;vif;pGmjrif&onf/ (i,f 8)
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"roabm&yfwnfrIESihf ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh qufvufqufuyfoGm;MurItm; ay:vGifaponf/ if;onf bk&m;
ocif\tcsKyftjcmtmPmESifh (1aum 15;1)vl\vGwfvyfaomqE ({zuf 6;11? 13? 14)wdkY\qefYusif
bufjzpf[efSdaom ormw&m;tm; aygif;pnf;xm;onf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /&yfwnfonf ( hismi)

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c/ vlwpfa,muf\ajzmifhrwfjcif;? a&mr 10;3
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u/ ppfbufqdkif&m wifpm;rI? {zuf 6;14
c/ t&yfbufqdkif&mwifpm;rI? a&mr 14;4
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5/ aus;Zl;awmf taetxm;wpfck
u/ a&m 5;2
c/ 1aum 15;1
*/ 1ay 5;12
167

6/ ,HkMunfjcif; taetxm;wpfck
u/ a&m 11;20
c/ 1aum 7;37
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C/ 2aum 1;24
7/ rmeaxmifvTm;aom taetxm;wpfck 1aum 10;12
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ESpfrsKd;pvHk;azmfjyonf/ wpfcsdefwnf; ,HkMunfolrsm;onf if;tm; wHkYjyefrIjyK&efESifh if;,HkMunfjcif;tm;
jzifh wG,fuyfae&efjzpfaMumif;udkygjyonf/ ESpfrsKd;pvHk; ormusrf;enf;us ormw&m;rsm;jzpfonf/ if;wdkY
ESpfckpvHk; qkyfudkifxm;&efjzpfonf!
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xGufqdkcsuf)INDICATIVE ac:tjzpfrSeftm;azmfjyjcif;]]tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\}}[lvnf;aumif; (2) PRESENT
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[lESpfrsKd;Sdonf/ aG; cs,frI usrf;pmq&mrsm;tjrif uGJjym;onf/ tjzpfrSeftm; azmfjyjcif;jzpfonfh
INDICATIVEtjzpf ti,f 1 ,lum ]]tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\}}[kqdkygu xdktwdkif; ti,f 3txd wajy;nD
jzpf&ygrnf/
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twGuf udk,fawmfvkyfay;cJhNyD;aomt&maMumifhjzpfonf/ (a,&rd 9;23-24)/ *&drl&if;udkyif ti,f
3ESihf11 wdkY xyfoHk;onf/
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taMumif;t&m 4;18Munfhyg/ if;udk ,HkMunfol\,HkMunfjcif; NyD;jynfhpHkjcif;odkYa&mufjcif;ESihfqdkif oHk;avh
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SdNyD;? rodSd&acs/ if;onf ]],HkMunfjcif;}}(faith)ESihf]]cspfjcif;arwm}}wdkYESifh qufEG,favhSdonf/ (1aum
13;13/ *v 5;5-6/ {zuf 4;2-5/ 1ouf 1;3/ 5;8)/ aygvkoHk;EIef;yHkwdkYteuf tcsKdYrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpf
onf/
1/ 'kwd,tBudrfjyefvnf<uvmjcif;? *v 5;5/ {zuf 1;18/ wd 2;13
2/ a,Ionf igwdkY\ajrmfvifhjcif;jzpfonf/ 1wd 1;1
3/ ,HkMunfolonf bk&m;ocifxH qufojcif;cH&rnf/ aum 1;22-23/ 1ouf 2;19
4/ ajrmfvifhjcif;onf aumif;uifbHk odkxm;vsufSdonf/ aum 1;5
5/ tqHk;pGefaom u,fwifjcif;? a&mr 5;2/ 2aum 3;12/ aum 1;27
6/ bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf? a&mr 5;2/ 2aum 3;12/ aum 1;27
7/ u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrI? 1ouf 5;8-9
8/ xm0&touf? wdwk 1;2/ 3;7
9/ c&pf,mef&ifhusufrI\ tusKd;&v'frsm;? a&mr 5;2-5
10/ zefqif;aomt&mtm;vHk;wdkYudk aG;EIwfjcif;? a&mr 8;20-22
168

11/ bk&m;ocif\bGJYemrawmfwpfrsKd;? a&mr 15;13

12/ om;t&m cefYxm;jcif;\pHkvifjcif;jynfh0rI a&mufSdjcif;? a&mr 8;23-25
13/ "ropfacwf ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf vrf;nTefwpfckjzpfonfh "ra[mif;usrf;? a&mr 15;4

txl;taMumif;t&m/

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u/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf rdrdwdkYu,fwifjcif;&aMumif; odSdEkdifygovm; (1a,m 5;13)1a,m[efusrf;

c/

*/

prf;oyfrI(0g)taxmuftxm;oHk;ckSdonf/
1/ Mo0g'qdkif&mtm;jzifh (,HkMunfrI-belief) (i,f 1? 5? 10/ 2;18-25/ 4;1-6? 14-16/ 5;11-12)
2/ toufSifjcif;yHkpH (emcHrI) (i,f 2-3/ 2;3-6/ 3;1-10/ 5;18)
3/ vlrIa&;tm;jzifh (cspfjcif;arwm) (2-3/ 2;7-11/ 3;11-18/ 4;7-12? 16-21)
u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrIonf *dkPf;*eqdkif&m Mo0g'wpfckjzpfvmonf/
1/ *RefuJvfAJif-John Calvin onf pdwfcs&rIudk bk&m;ocif\aG;cs,frItay: tajcjyKonf/ b0
rdrdwdkYpdwfcsrI rnfonfhtcgrQ SdEkdifMurnfr[kwf[kqdkonf/
2/ *Ref0DpvD John Wesley onf pdwfcs&rIudk bmoma&;tawGYtMuHKay: tajcjyKonf/ odvsufom;
ESifh tjypfjyKjcif;rjyKbJ? toufSifEkdifpGrf; igwdkYSdonf[k ol,HkMunfonf/
3/ a&mrumodkvpfESifhChurch of Christ ac:c&pfawmf\toif;awmfwdkYonf pdwfcs&rItm;? tcGihftm
PmSdaom toif;awmfwpfyg;ay: tajcjyKonf/ rnfonfhtzGJYujzpfonf[laomtcsufrSm pdwfcs
&rIaomhcsufjzpfonf/
4/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; toif;awmftrsm;pkonf pdwfcs&rItm; ormusrf;pm\uwdrsm;tay:
tajcjyKum? ,HkMunfol\b0toufwmxJ 0dnmOfawmftoD;oD;jcif;ESihf qufpyfMuonf/ (*v
5;22-23)
usqif;cJhNyD;jzpfaomvlom;\ pdwfcs&rIonf oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\pkdufvuPmESifh qufpyfvsufSd
onf[k uRefawmf,HkMunfonf/
1/ crnf;awmfbk&m;\arwmawmf
(u) a,m 3;16/ 10;28-29
(c) a&mr 8;31-39
(*) {zuf 2;5? 8-9
(C) zdvdyd 1;6
(i) 1ay 1;3-5
(p) 1a,m 4;7-21
2/ om;awmfbk&m;\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;
(u) igwdkYtwGuf taocHjcif;
1^ wref 2;23
2^ a&m 5;6-11
3^2aum 5;21
4^ 2a,m 2;2/ 4;9-10
(c) ,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;\ qkawmif;jcif;(a,m 17;12)
(*) qufvuf Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;aejcif;
169

1^a&m 8;34
2^a[NAJ 7;25
3^1a,m 2;1
3/ 0dnmOfawmfbk&m;\ trIaqmifGufjcif;
(u) ac:zdwfjcif; (a,m 6;44? 65)
(c) wHqdyfcwfjcif;
1^2aum 1;22/ 5;5
2^{zuf 1;13-14/ 4;3
(*) pdwfcsvsufSdaejcif;
1^a&mr 8;16-17
2^1a,m 5;7-13
C/ odkYaomf vlom;rsm;onf bk&m;ocifay;prf;onfh y#dnOfw&m;tm; wHkYjyefrIjyKMu&ygrnf/ (tpjyKjcif;
ESifh qufvufoGm;jcif;)
1/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf tjypfrSjyefvSnfhum (aemifw)a,Ic&pfawmfrSwqifh (,HkMunf-faith)
bk&m;ocifxHvm&ygrnf/
(u) rmuk 1;15
(c) wref 3;16? 19? 20;21
2/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocifay;prf;onfht&mudk vufcH&ygrnf/
(u) a,m[ef 1;12/ 3;16
(c) a&mr 5;1/ (tvm;wltm;jzifh 10;9-13)
(*) {zuf 2;5? 8-9
3/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ,HkMunfjcif; qufvufoGm;Mu&ygrnf/
(u) rmuk 13;13
(c) 1aum 15;2
(*) *vmwd 6;9
(C) a[NAJ 3;14
(i) 2ay 1;10
(p) ,k' 20-21
(q) Asm'dwf 2;2-3? 7? 10? 17? 19? 25-26/ 3;5? 10? 11? 21/
4/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf prf;oyfrIoHk;rsKd; &ifqdkifonf/
(u) Mo0g'ydkif;qdkif&m (i,f 1?5? 10/ 2;18-25/ 4;1-6? 14-16)
(c) toufSifjcif;yHkpH (i,f 2-3/ 2;3-6/ 3;1-10)
(*) vlrIa&; (i,f 2-3/ 2;7-11/ 3;11-18/ 4;7-12/ 16-21/
i/ pdwfcs&&ef cufcJ&jcif;rSm
1/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf ormusrf;pmxJ ay;xm;onfhuwdrsm;r[kwfbJ? tawGUtMuHKtm;jzifh
SmavhSdMujcif;
2/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf owif;aumif;udk jynhfpHkpGm em;vnfoabmaygufjcif; rSdMujcif;/
170

3/
4/
5/

,HkMunfolrsm;onf acgif;rmpGmjzifh qufvuftjypfjyKMujcif; (1aum 3;10-15/ 9;27/ 1wd

1;19-20/ 2wd 4;10/ 2ay 1;8-11)
tcsKdUvlyk*dKvfrsm; (Oyrm- tjypfuif;jcif;0g'rsm;)onf bk&m;ocif\cRif;csufrJhESifharwm
tm;jzifh vufcHrIjyKawmfrljcif;tm; rnfodkYrQ rvufcHEkdifMuacs/
,HkMunfoljzpfygonf[k twkta,mif 0efcHolrsm;ormusrf;pm awGY&jcif;/ (rJ 13;323/ 7;21-23/ rmuk 4;14-20/ 2ay 2;19-20/ 1a,m 2;18-19)/

]]bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf}}pum;pkrSm bk&m;ocifonf yk*dKvftm;jzifh twlSdaeaMumif;twGufoHk;aom

"ra[mif;usrf; toHk;EIef;wpfckjzpfonf/ a,Ionf SifjyefxajrmufaomaeY jyifqifay;onfh (2aum 5;21)
,HkMunfajzmifhrwfjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\aSYawmfarSmuf ,HkMunfol\&yfwnfrItm; &nfnTef;onf/
if;udk "roabmjzihf ]]bkef;awmftm;jzifh csD;jrifhjcif;}}-glorification(i,f 9-10/ 8;30)[k ac:avhSdonf/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf a,IESifhwljcif;&SdMuvdrfhrnf/ (1a,m 3;2/ 2ay 1;4)? txl;taMumif;t&m/
/
bkef;wefcdk;awmf 3;23Munfhyg/
5;3
]]rQomvQifr[kwf ...&mvnf;}}
NKJV
]]xdkrQomvQifr[kwf ...&mvnf;}}
NRSV
]]xdkrQomvQifr[kwf...&mvnf;}}
TEV
csefxm;onf
NJB
]]xdkrQomvQifr[kwf}}
aygvkonf aygif;pyfaom a0g[m&rsm;ukd tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ (5;3? 11/ 8;23/ 9;10 ESifh
2aum 8;19)
NASB

]]'kua0'emBuD;rsm; cH&mvnf; igwdkYtvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\}}

]]'kua0'emBuD;rsm; cH&mvnf; *kPf,lMu\}}
]]'kucH&mvnf; igwdkY0g<um;Mu\}}
]]'kua&mufonfhtcgvnf; igwdkY0g<um;Mu\}}
]]igwdkY\cufcJrIrsm;vnf; tvGef0rf;ajrmufMuygpdkY}}
avmuonf a,Iudk rkef;wD;onfqdkvQif olYaemufvdkufrsm;udkyg rkef;wD;vdrfhrnf/ (rJ 10;22/
24;9/ a,m[ef 15;18-21) vlYpum;jzifhajym&rnfqdkvQif a,Ionf rdrdcHpm;cJhonfh 'kuqif;&Jrsm;tm;jzifh
&ifhusufwnfMunfrI&onf/ (a[NAJ 5;8)/ 'kuqif;&Jonf tm;ukd;&jcif;ESifh &ifhusufwnfMunfrIjzpfaponf/
c&pfawmfESihfwlnDrIonf ,HkMunfolwdkif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ pDrHcsufjzpfonf/ 'kuqif;&JrSm if;\tpdwf
tydkif;jzpfonf! (8;17-19/ wref 14;22/ ,mukyf 1;2-4/ 1ay 4;12-19)
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

171

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /c&pf,mefrsm;tb,faMumifh'kuqif;&JcHMuoenf;/
1/

2/

3/
4/

rdrdwdkY\tjypfaMumifh
(,m,Dw&m;pD&ifjcif;)/
jyemESifhtysufoabmaqmifaom
tajctaewdkif;onf tjypfaMumifh[laom oabmr[kwfacs/ (a,mb/ qmvH 73/ vkum
14;1-5/ ae 9/ wref 5;1-11/ 1aum 11;29-30/ *vm 6;7)
c&pfawmfESifhydkwlvmap&ef (a[NAJ 5;8)/ vlYpum;tm;jzifh ajym&vQif a,IyifvQif
&ifhusufrIvdktyfonfenf;wl olYaemufvdkufrsm;vnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ (a&mr 5;3-4/
8;28-29/ 2aum 12;7-10/ zd 3;10/ a[NAJ 12;5-12/ ,mukyf 1;2-4/ 1ay 1;7)/
oufaocH&m ydkwefcdk;ygum? ydkxda&mufrISdap&ef (rJ 5;10-12/ a,m 15;18-22/
1ay 2;18-21/ 3;13-17)/
uyfumvtopfarG;zGm;ay:xGef;vmrnfhtaMumif; edrdwfvuPmwpf&yftjzpf (rJ 24;6/
rmuk 13;8)

]]odSdum}}/ if;onf ]]oida}}PERFECT PARTICLEjzpfonf/ yHkpHtm;jzifh PERFECT (jzpfcJhNyD;) jzpfaomf

vnf;PRESENT TENSE (jzpfqJ)[laom t"dyg,fSdonf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ormw&m;udk ,kHMunfol
rsm;em;vnf&jcif;aMumifh ab;'kuawGYMuHK&onfhtcg b0udk 0rf;ajrmufjcif; ,HkMunfpdwfcsrIjzifh &ifqdkifEkdif
apNyD;? if;onf tajctaeay: rlwnfjcif;r[kwf? nOf;yef;ESdyfpufcHpOfyif xdktwdkif;jzpfonf/ (zd 4;4/
1ouf 5;16? 18)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ]]'kuqif;&Jrsm;aMumifh}}r[kwfbJ? ]]if;wdkYtxJ}}0rf;ajrmufMujcif;
jzpfonf!
5;3]]'kua0'em}} atmufygtaMumif;t&mMunfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/ 'kua0'em

a0g[m& (thlipsis)tm; toHk;jyK&m aygvkESifha,m[efwdkY "roabmw&m;qdkif&m uGJjym;jcm;em;

rISdaMumif; odSd&efvdktyfonf/
u/ aygvkoHk;EIef;yHk (a,I\oHk;EIef;yHkudk xif[yfay:vGifaponf)
1/ jyemrsm;? 'kuqif;&Jrsm;? usqif;cJhNyD;aom avmu\qdk;oGrf;rIrsm; yg0ifonf/
(u) rJ 13;21
(c) a&mr 5;3
(*) 1aum 7;28
(C) 2aum 7;4
(i) {zuf 3;13
2/ jyemrsm;? 'kuqif;&Jrsm; r,HkMunfolrsm;aMumifhjzpfaom qdk;oGrf;rIrsm;
(u) a&mr 5;3/ 8;35/ 12;12
(c) 2aum 1;4? 8/ 6;4/ 7;4/ 8;2? 13
(*) {zuf 3;13
(C) zd 4;14
(i) 1ouf 1;6
(p) 2ouf 1;4
172

c/

3/ jyemrsm;? 'kuqif;&Jrsm;? aemufqHk;aomumvqdkif&m qdk;oGrf;rIrsm;

(u) rJ 24;21/ 29
(c) rmuk 13;19? 24
(*) 2ouf 1;6-9
a,m[ef\oHk;EIef;yHk
1/ a,m[efonf thlipsis ESifhorg (0g) thumos (trsufawmf)ESpfrsKd; Asm'dwfusrf; cGJjcm;toHk;
jyKonf/Thlipsis r,HkMunfolrsm;u? ,HkMunfolrsm;tay:jyKonfht&mjzpfum? Orge ESifh thumos
wdkYrSm bk&m;ocifu r,HkMunfolrsm;tay: jyKaomt&mjzpfonf/
(u) thlipsis - Asm 1;9/ 2;9-10? 22/ 7;14
(c) org - Asm 6;16-17/ 11;18/ 16;19/ 19;15
(*) thumos - Asm 12;12/ 14;8? 10? 19/ 15;2? 7/ 16;1/ 18;3/
2/ a,m[efonf a0g[m&udk ol\c&pf0ifusrf;vnf; toHk;jyKNyD;? acwfumvwdkif; ,HkMunfol
rsm;&ifqdkif&onfhjyemrsm;udk ay:vGifaponf/ a,m[ef 16;33

5;3?4]]pGJNrJjcif;}}a0g[m&onf ]]apwemESifhjyKonf}} ]]wuf<uonf}} ]]NrJjrHcdkifMunfonf}} ]]MumSnfcHonf}}

(onf;cHonf)[lt"dyg,fSdonf/ if;rSm vlrsm;ESihfqdkifvnf;aumif;? tajctaersm;ESihfqdkifvnf;aumif;
onf;cHEkdifjcif;? onf;cHjcif;ESihfqdkifonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 8;25 Munfhyg/
5;4
]]tusihfpm&dwckdifvHkaponf}}
]]tusifhpm&dw}}
]]bk&m;ocif\auseyfrI}}
]]prf;oyfcHaomtusifhpm&dwjzpfaponf}}
*&d"ra[mif;usrf;-(LXX)\urm 23;16/ 3"r 10;18/ 1&mZ0if 28;18 wdkY a0g[m&tm;
owKypnf;rsm;\ oefYpifrIESifh ppfrSefrIwdkYtm; prf;oyfjcif;twGufoHk;onf/ (2aum 2;9? 8;2/ 9;13/ 13;3/
zd 2;22/ 2wd 2;15/ ,mukyf 1;12)/ bk&m;ocif\prf;oyfrIrsm;onf cdkifcHhapa&;twGuf jzpfavhSdonf/
(a[NAJ 12;10-11)! txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ prf;oyfppfaq;jcif; 2;18 Munfhyg/
NASB
NKJV, NRSV
TEV
NJB

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/ c&pf,mefBuD;xGm;jcif;

a&mr 5;3-4
*vmwd 5;22-23
'kuqif;&JaMumifh
0dnmOfawmftoD;
*ZGJSdaponf
*cspfjcif;
*oufaoxifSm;ap *0rf;ajrmufjcif;
*ajrmfvifhjcif;jzpfay:ap *Nidrfoufjcif;
(i,f 2)
*pdwfSnfjcif;
*aus;Zl;jyKjcif;
*aumif;jrwfjcif;
*opmapmifhjcif;

,mukyf 1;3-4
prf;oyfrIaMumifh
*cHEkdif&nfSd
*&ifhusuf
(1)pGJNrJjcif;
(2)pHkvifjynfh0

173

2ay 1;5-7
vHkYv0D&d,toHk;csjcif;
*taumif;qHk;udk,fusifhw&m;
*todynm
*rdrdudk,frdrdxdef;Edkifjcif;
*ZGJSdjcif;
*aumif;jrwfjcif;
*nDtpfudkcsif;arwm
(philadelphia)

*El;nHhodrfarGYjcif;

*c&pf,mefarwm

*umr*kPfcsKyf

(agap)

wnf;jcif;
5;5 ]]ajrmfvifhjcif;onf pdwfysufp&mrjzpfapacs}}if;onf a[NAJ idiom (Oyrm-tSufwuGJjzpfjcif;qmvH 25;3? 20/ 31;1?17/ 119;116/ a[Sm 28;16 (a&mr 9;33 udk;um;onf)? zdvdyd 1;20)udk;um;jcif;
jzpfEkdifonf/
]]bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;arwmawmfudk igwdkY\pdwfESvHk; xJodkY oGif;avmif;awmfrlcJhNyD}}
if;onfPERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD; ]]bk&m;Sif\arwmawmfonf oGef;avmif;cJhNyD;? qufvuf
oGef;avmif;onf}}[kt"dyg,fSdonf/ Bud,mudk oefYSif;aom0dnmOfawmf oHk;avhSdNyD;(wref 2;17? 18/
33/ 10;45 ESifhwdwk 3;6) if;onf a,mv 2;28-29 (a[Sm 32;15)tm; xif[yfjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/
GENITIVE PHRASE jzpfaom]]bk&m;ocifESifhqdkifaomarwmawmf}}(the love of God)[lonf o'genf;
us &nfnTef;EkdifonfrSm (1) bk&m;ociftm; igwdkYcspfonfharwm odkYr[kwf (2) igwdkYtm; bk&m;ocifcspf
onfharwmawmf wpfckckjzpfEkdifonf/(a,m 3;16/ 2aum 5;14)/ usrf;pum;tquftpyf oabmt& eHygwf
ESpfudkaG;cs,f&rnfjzpfonf/
]]igwdkYudkay;aom oefYSif;aom0dnmOfawmf}}if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ bk&m;
ocif udk,fwdkif\vkyfaqmifrItm; azmfjy&m tjyKcHBud,mjzpfonfh PASSIVE VOICEoHk;avhSdonf/ ,HkMunf
olrsm; aemufxyfoefYSif;aom0dnmOfawmf rvdktyf[kqdkvdkonf/ olwdkY 0dnmOfawmfSdonf odkYr[kwf olwdkY
rSm c&pf,mefr[kwf(8;9)[lwpfckckjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfay;jcif; (oGef;avmif;jcif;)onf acwfopfjzpfaom
(a,mv 2;28-29)y#dnOfw&m;opf (a,&rd 31;31-34/ a,Zaus 36;22-32)\ edrdwfvuPmjzpfonf/
usrf;ydk'fxJoHk;yg;wpfqlrS yk*dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk;ygSdaMumifh odrSwfyg/
1/ bk&m;ocif? i,f 1? 2? 5? 8? 10
2/ a,I? i,f 1? 6? 8? 9? 10
3/ 0dnmOfawmf? i,f 5
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / oHk;yg;wpfql bk&m; 8;11Munfhyg/
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / / 5;6-11
6
taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfaepOf? oifhawmfaomtcsdef c&pfawmfonf
rw&m;aomolwdkYtwGuf taocHawmfrl\/ 7ajzmifhrwfaomoltwGuf taocHrnfholSdcJ\/ olawmf
aumif;twGuf taocH0HholSdaumif;Sdvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ 8odkYaomf igwdkYonf tjypfSdpOfyif c&pfawmf
onf igwdkYtwGuf taocHawmfrl&m? bk&m;ocifonf igwdkYtm; rdrd\arwmawmfudk xifSm;pGm
9
jyawmfrl\/ xdkYxufru taoG;awmf tm;jzifh ,ckajzmifhrwfapjcif;&cJhMuum? bk&m;ocif\trsuf
awmfrS xdkociftm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;&Muvdrfhrnf/ 10taMumif;rlum;? igwdkYonf &efolrsm;jzpfaepOf?
om;awmftaocHjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifESihf jyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif; cHcJhMuonfqdkvQif? xdkYxufru
jyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif;cHcJhMuNyD;? toufawmftm;jzifh igwdkYonf u,fwifjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf/ 11rQ
174

omvQifr[kwfbJ? igwdkYtSifa,I c&pfawmfrSwqifh jyefvnf oifhjrwfapjcif;tm; ,ck&SdMuojzifh

vnf; xdkociftm;jzifh igwdkYonf bk&m;ocif tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\/
5;6
]]taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf tm;ukd;&mrJhjzpfaepOf}}
]]taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf cGeftm;rJhvsuf Sda eMupOf}}
]]taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf tm;enf;vsuf Sda eMupOf}}
]]taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfaeonfhtcsdef}}
]]igwdkYonf tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfaeonfhtcsdef}}
Bud,mrSm PRESENT PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ usqif;aomvlom;Sdonfh tm'H\Zmwdoabmudk
nTef;qdkonf/ vlom;tjypfudk qefYusif&efwefcdk;uif;rJhonf/ emrfpm;jzpfonfh ]]igwdkY}}onf ti,f 6u
]]rw&m;aomol}} ti,f 8 u ]]tjypfSdolrsm;}}ESifh ti,f 10u ]]&efolrsm;}}wdkYudkyif ajymjcif;jzpfNyD; if;wdkYESihf
tvm;wljzpfonf/ ti,f 6 ESihf 8 wdkYonf "roabmESifh wnfaqmufyHktm;jzifh qifwljzpfonf/ tvm;wl
tNydKifjzpfaeyHkudk odrSwfyg/
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

i,f 6/

(1)
igwdkYonf tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfcJhMuonf

i,f 8/

igwdkYonf tjypfSdpOfyif

i,f 9/

............

(2)
rw&m;olrsm;twGuf
c&pfawmf taocHcJhonf
igwdkYtwGuf c&pfawmf
taocHcJhonf
taoG;awmftm;jzifh

i,f 10/

igwdkYonf &efolrsm;jzpfaepOf

om;awmf taocH

(3)
.........
.........
taoG;awmftm;jzifh
,ckajzmifhrwfapjcif;
&cJhMuumjyefvnf
oifhjrwfapjcif;cHcJh
Muonf

t"duormw&m;rsm;udk xyfazmfjyjcif;rSm tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/

1/ igwdkY\vdktyfrI
2/ c&pfawmf\ axmufrrI
3/ igwdkY\ topfaom&yfwnfrI

]]oifhawmfaomtcsdef}}
]]tcsdefwefonfhtcg}}
]]bk&m;ocif aG;cs,fonfhtcsdef}}
]]aG;cs,fawmfrlonfh tcdkuftwHh}}
ordkif;aMumif;t& jzpfEkdifaom if;\&nfnTef;&mrSm
1/ a&mrwdkY\ Nidrf;csrf;rI (ESifhvrf;rBuD;rsm;)aMumifh c&D;oGm;vm&jcif;
2/ uGJjym;jcm;em;aom ,Ofaus;rIbmompum;rsm;tMum; *&dbmompum;jzifh ajymqdkquf
oG,f&jcif;

NASB, NRSV
NKJV
TEV
NJB

175

3/ *&dvlrsKd;ESifh a&mrvlrsKd;wdkY\ ewfbk&m;rsm; IH;edrfhjcif;onf arQmfvifhjcif;ESihf? urmBuD;tm;

0dnmOfa&;t& qmiwfrIjzpfay:aponf/ (rmuk 1;15/ *vm 4;4/ {zuf 1;10/ wdwk
1;3)/
vl0ifpm;jcif;^vljzpfvmjcif;onf "roabmt& pDrHcsufwpf&yf? bk&m;qdkif&mtjzpftysufwpfckjzpf
onf/(vkum 22;22/ wref 2;23/ 3;18/ 4;28/ {zuf 1;11)/
5;6? 8? 10 ]]rw&m;aomolrsm;twGuf taocHonf}}if;onf AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/
if;onf a,I\b0toufwmESifh taocHjcif;udk wpfckwnf;aomtjzwfjzifh Ijrifonf/ ]]a,Ionf rdrd
rwifaomta<u;udkay;qyfcJhum? igwdkYonf rdrdwdkYray;acsEdkifaom ta<u;wpfckwifSdcJhMuonf}}(*v 3;13/
1a,m 4;10)
c&pfawmf\taocHjcif;rSm aygvka&;aompmrsm; xyfcgwvJvJ awGY&aomt"dutcsufwpf&yfjzpf
onf/ olonf a,I\udk,fpm;jyKtaocHjcif;tm; &nfnTef;onfh uJGJjym;jcm;em;aom a0g[m&ESifhpum;pk
tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/
1/ ]]taoG;awmf}} (3;25/ 5;9/ 1aum 11;25? 27/ {zuf 1;7/ 2;13/ aum 1;20)/
2/ ]]rdrdudk,frdrday;tyf}} ({zuf 5;2? 25)
3/ ]]ay;tyf}} (a&mr 4;25/ 8;32)
4/ ]],ZfylaZmf}} (1aum 5;7)
5/ ]]taocH}} (a&mr 5;6/ 8;34/ 14;9? 15/ 1aum 8;11/ 15;3/ 2aum 5;15/ *v 5;21/ 1ouf
4;14/ 5;10)
6/ ]]vuf0g;uyfwdkif}} (1aum 1;17-18/ *v 5;11/ 6;12-14/ {zuf 2;16/ zd 2;8/ aum 1;20/
2;14
7/ ]]um;pifwif owfjcif;}} (1aum 1;23/ 2;2/ 2aum 13;4/ *v 3;1)
tcsuf 0dbwf huper \qdkvdk&if;t"dyg,frSm
1/ ]]igwdkYbuf}} udk,fpm;jyKjcif;
2/ ]]igwdkYae&m}} tpm;xdk;jcif;
omreftm;jzifh huper \tajccHt"dyg,frSm ydkifqdkifrIGENITIVE oabmjzifh]]igwdkYbuf}}[ljzpf
onf/ (Louw and Nida)if;onf vlrsm;twGuf jzpfxGef;vmaomtusKd;aus;Zl;tcsKdYtm; azmfjyonf/ (The
New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, vol. 3.p.1196) rnfodkYjzpfap huper ]]anti}}
qdkonfht"dyg,fSdNyD;]]ae&m}}(tpm;)qdkonfht"dyg,fjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh if;onf tpm;xdk;jcif;tjzpf
udk,fpm;ay;avsmfjcif; (tjypfajzjcif;)tm; "roabmt& nTef;qdkonf/ (rmuk 10;45/ a,m[ef 11;50/
18;14/ 2aum 5;14/ 1wd 2;6)/ M.J.Harris (NIDNTT, vol. 3, p. 1197)u ajymonfrSm ]]'gayrJh aygvk[m
c&pfawmfonf anti hmn (igwdkYudk,fpm;)taocHcJhonf[k tb,faMumifh ajymcJhbl;jcif;rSd&oenf;?(1wd
2;6 if;ESifhteD;pyfqHk;ol oHk;EIef;cJhonfrSm-antilutron huper pantn [ljzpfonf) xdkodkYroHk;EIef;&jcif;rSm
0dbwf huper onf anti ESifhrwlbJ wifjyjcif;ESifhtpm;xdk;jcif;ESpfrsKd;pvHk;tm; azmfjyEdkifjzpfEkdifygonf/}}
M.R.Vincent \ Word Studies, vol. 2 ajymonfrSm]]huper}}ac: ]]buf}}onf anti ac:]]tpm;}}
ESifhoabmwlnDjcif;SdrSd jiif;cHkrIrsm;pGmSdonf/ tqifhjrifhpma&;q&mrsm;onf xdkpum;vHk;ESpfvHk;wdkY\
t"dyg,frsm;ukd tjyeftvSef t"dyg,fwltjzpf toHk;jyKEkdifyHktm; Oyrmrsm;jycJhMuonf/ pmydk'frl odkYoHk;
EkdifaMumif; taxmuftxm;aumif;pGmrSdaMumif; tvGefaocsmonf/ 0dbwf aoqHk;oloyfoyfESifhqdkif
176

aomt"dyg,frsKd;omSdEkdifonf/ pmydk'frsm;\t"dyg,fudk aocsmaygufrajymEkdifacs/ aocsmaygufajymEkdif

onfhtcsufwpfckrSm huper anti \t"dyg,fESifhqufpyfaomt"dyg,fSdonf[ljzpf\/]]tpm;}}-instead of
tm; tajccH0g'ydkif;qdkif&m us,fjyefYpGmoHk;onf/ usrf;ydk'ftrsm;pk if;\t"dyg,frSm]]tusKd;tvdkYiSg}}(for
the sake of)]]...\buf}} (on behalf of)jzpfaMumif; aocsmonf/ rSefuefaomSif;vif;csufrSm t"dutm;jzifh
ar;cGef;xkwfrIrsm;? Twdtusajym&vQif c&pfawmftaocHjcif;ESifh qufpyfaomar;cGef;xkwfrIrsm; *v 3;13/
a&mr 14;15/ 1ay 3;18wdkYuJhodkYaom usrf;ydk'frsm;wGif huper onf]]bufc&pfawmftaocHonf}}[laom
tqdkjyKcsuftm; twdtusr[kwfaom? a,bk,soabmjzifhazmfjyum? rnfol\bufjzpfaMumif;tm; twd
tusqHk;jzwfcsufrjyKbJ? tjcm;usrf;ydk'frsm;jzifh qHk;jzwfcsufcs&ef xm;xm;cJhonf/ ]]tpm;}}-instead of \
t"dyg,frSm if;yg0ifEkdifonfqdkaomfvnf; ,lqrIrQomjzpfonf}}(p.692)
5;7 ti,fonf vlom;\arwmukdjyoum? i,f 8 url bk&m;ocif\arwmawmfukdjyonf

NASB, NKJV
TEV
NRSV
NJB

]]ajzmifhrwfoltwGuf}}
]]ajzmifhrwfaomolwpfa,muftwGuf}}
]]vlaumif;wpfaumiftwGuf}}
a0g[m&tm; aem{ESihfa,mbwdkY uJhodkYajzmifhrwfonf(0g)tjypfwifp&mrSd[laom tvm;wl
t"dyg,fjzifhoHk;onf/ if;onf tjypfuif;pifjcif;oabmtm; qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfacs/ txl;taMumif;t&m
1;17 Munfhyg/
5;8]]bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\arwmawmfukd...xifSm;pGmjyawmfrl\/}}if;rSmPRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE
(3;5)jzpfonf/ crnf;awmfonf om;awmfudkapvTwfonf/ (8;3? 32/ 2aum 5;19)/ bk&m;ocif\arwm
awmfrSm pdwfvIyfSm;rIr[kwfbJ? tjyKtrludk tajcjyKum? (a,m 3;16/ 1a,m 4;10) wnfwHhckdifNrJonf/
]]igwdkYonf tjypfSdpOfyif}}bk&m;ocif\arwmawmfonf bk&m;w&m;udkif;Idif;olrsm;(0g)txl;vlrsKd;
wpfrsKd;tm;r[kwfbJ awmfvSefykefuefolrsm;jzpfonfh ]]tjypfom;rsm;tm;}}xifSm;pGmjyawmfrlaMumif;od&onf
rSm xdwfvefYbG,f&mjzpfonf/ *kPfj'yftqifhtwef;r[kwfbJ? aus;Zl;w&m;rSm tajccHormw&m;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf vlom;rsm;ESifhrdwfo[m,jyKvsuf SdaevdkqJjzpfaeao;onf/ if;rSm igwdkYtm; Nidrfoufjcif;
ESifhajrmfvifhjcif;ay;aom rajymif;rvJonfhpkdufawmfjzpfonf/ (xGuf 34;6/ ae 9;17/ qm 103;8/ 145;8)/
5;9 ]]xdkYxufru}}if;rSm aygvkESpfoufaomtoHk;tEIef;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (10? 15? 17)/ bk&m;ocifonf
,HkMunfolwdkYtm; tjypfom;rsm;jzpfcJhMupOf xdkrQcspfawmfrlcJhonfqdkvQif ,ckolwdkYonf rdrd\om;orD;rsm;
jzpfvmMuojzifh ydkrnfrQcspfawmfrlvdrfhrnfenf;? (5;10/ 8;22)/
]],ckajzmifhrwfapjcif;&cJhMuNyD}}if;onf AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE wpfckjzpfNyD; ajzmifhrwfapjcif;
onf NyD;pD;cJhNyDjzpfaom bk&m;ocif\vkyfaqmifrIwpfckjzpfaMumif; txl;jyKonf/ aygvkonf tcef;i,f 1u
ormw&m;udkyif jyefazmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ ]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}(i,f 9)ESihf ]]jyefvnfoifhjrwfaponf}}(i,f
10-11) a0g[m&ESpfvHk;\qifwlrIudkvnf; odrSwfyg/
177

 ]]taoG;awmftm;jzifh}}if;onf ,Zfaumiftjzpf c&pfawmftaocHawmfrljcif;tm; &nfnTef;jcif;wpfckjzpf

onf/ (3;5/ 4;25/ rmuk 10;45/ 2aum 5;21)/ tjypfjyKaomtoufwpfckae&m tpm;xdk;&ef
tjypfuif;aomtoufwpfcktm; ay;qyfjcif;taMumif; 0wfjyK&musrf; 1-7awGY&NyD;? xGufajrmuf&m 12
u(ycg odk;oli,f)yifjzpfEkdifum? "roabmtm;jzifh a[Sm, 53;4-6u a,Itm;ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
if;udkyif a[NAJMo0g'pm (9-10) c&pfawmfESifhqdkifaom t"dyg,ftjzpf xyfrHazmfjyonf/ a[NAJMo0g'pm
onf "ra[mif;ESifh"ropfusrf;wdkYudk tcsuftawmfrsm;rsm;jzifh xda&mufpGmEIdif;,SOfjyonf/
]]igwdkYonf u,fwifjcif;&Muvdrfhrnf}}if;onf FUTURE PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD;? tem*wf
igwdkY tay:jzpfysufrnfhjzpf&yfrSefwpfcktm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ (i,f 10)/ if;onf igwdkY\tqHk;pGefaom
u,fwifjcif;udk ajymjcif;jzpfNyD; ]]bkef;BuD;apjcif;}}[kac:onf/ (i,f 2/ 8;30/ 1a,m 3;2)
"ropfusrf;onf u,fwifjcif;udk umvjyBud,mtm;vHk;jzifh azmfjyonf/
1/ NyD;pD;cJhNyD;aomvkyfaqmifrIwpfcktjzpf (AORIST)wref 15;11/ a&mr 8;24/ 2wd 1;9/ wdwk 3;5
2/ twdwfu vkyfaqmifcJhNyD;? ,ckvufSd tusKd;oufa&mufaeaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfcktjzpf (PERFE
CT ) {zuf 2;5?8
3/ qufvuf wdk;wufjzpfay:aeaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfcktjzpf (PRESENT) 1aum 1;18/ 15;2/
2aum 2;15/ 1ouf 4;14/ 1ay 3;21/
4/ tem*wf tqHk;owfrnfhvkyfaqmifrIwpfcktjzpf (FUTURE) a&mr 5;9?10/ 10;9/
txl;taMumif;t&m 10;4Munfhyg/ u,fwifjcif;onf tpjyKqHk;jzwfrIjzifh tpjyKaomfvnf; (10;913/ a,m 1;12/ 3;16)wpfaeYaomtcgusvQif tqHk;owfvwHhaomwpf'*FNyD;wpf'*Fqufvufwdk; wufjzpf
ay:aeonfh vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/ oabmudk "rqdkif&ma0g[m&oHk;vHk;jzifh Sif;vif;a&;om;avhSdonf/
1/ ajzmifhrwfapjcif;onf ]]tjypf\'PfrS u,fvGwfjcif;cH&onf}}[k t"dyg,fSdonf/
2/ oefYSif;pifMu,fapjcif;onf ]]tjypf\wefcdk;rS u,fvGwfjcif;cH&onf}}[kt"dyg,fSdonf/
3/ bkef;BuD;apjcif;onf ]]tjypfSd&mt&yfrS u,fvGwfjcif;cH&onf}}[kt"dyg,fSdonf/
ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh oefYSif;apjcif;ESpfrsKd;pvHk;onf c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh ,HkMunfoludk
ay;onfh bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;*kPmawmfvkyfaqmifrIjzpfaMumif; rSwfom;xdkufonf/ rnfokdYjzpfap oefYSif;
pifMu,fapjcif;qdkonfrSm c&pfawmfESifhwljcif; qufvufwdk;wufjzpfay:aeaomt&mjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh
"rynmSifrsm;onf taMumif;tm; ]]&yfwnfrIqdkif&m oefYSif;apjcif;}}[lvnf;aumif; ]]wdk;wufjzpfay:
aeaom oefYSif;pifMu,fapjcif;}}[lvnf;aumif; ac:Muonf/ if;rSm bk&m;w&m;ESifhtnD toufSifjcif;
ESihfqufpyfaom? vQKdY0SufzHk;uG,fxm;onfh tcrJhu,fwifjcif;jzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4Munfhyg/
]]bk&m;ocif\trsufawmfrS}}if;rSm tem*wf jzpfysufrnfht&mESifh qufpyfaomt&mwpfckjzpfonf/
if;onf bk&m;ocif\BuD;rm;aom? rxdkufwefaom? *kPf&nfrwefaom arwmawmfjzpfaomfvnf;? bk&m;
ocifonf tjypfESifhawmfvSefykefuefrItm; wpfpdkufrwfrwf qefYusifrIudkvnf; Sif;vif;pGmajymjyonf/ bk&m;
ocifonf u,fwifjcif;ESihf tjypfvTwfjcif; vrf;wpfvrf;tm; c&pfawmfrSwqifh jyifqifay;xm; aomfvnf;?
olYtm;jiif;qefolrsm;rSmrl trsufawmfatmufSdonf/ (1;18-3;20) if;rSm vlom;uJhodkYajymjcif; (txl;
taMumif;t&m 1;18Munfhyg/) jzpfaomfvnf; tppftrSefudk azmfjyonf/ a'goxGufaom bk&m;ocif\
vufawmfxJus&efrSm aMumufvefYbG,f&mjzpfonf/(a[NAJ 10;31)/

178

5;10]]vQif}}if;onf yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD;? pma&;oltjrif rSefonf[kcH,lxm;jcif;(0g)

ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\tqHk;pGefaom zefqif;&mvlom;rSm (urm 1;26-27)bk&m;ocif\
&efoljzpfvmonf/ vlonf xdef;csKyfvdkaomqE? bk&m;jzpfvdkaomqESdvmonf/ (urm 3;5)/

]]bk&m;ocifESihfjyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif;cHcJhMuonf...jyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif;cHcJhMuNyD;}}if;rSm
AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE ESifh AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLEESpfrsKd;pvHk;jzpfonf/ ]]jyefvnfoihfjrwf
onf}}(1aum 7;11/ 2aum 5;18? 19? 20ESifh aum 1;20)qdkaomBud,monf rl&if;tm;jzifh ]]tvJtvS,fjyK
onf}}[kt"dyg,fSdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf igwdkY\tjypfudk a,I\ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh tvJtvS,fjyKay;
vdkufonf/ (a[Sm 53;4-6)/ Nidrf;csrf;a&; jyefvnf&Sdaponf/ (i,f 1)!
]]om;awmftaocHjcif;tm;jzifh}}tjypfvTwfjcif;owif;aumif;onf atmufygwdkYudktajcjyKonf/
1/ bk&m;ocif\arwmawmf (a,m 3;16)
2/ c&pfawmfvkyfonfhtvkyf (8;32/ *v 1;4/ 2;20)
3/ 0dnmOfawmf\ydk;yef;jcif; (a,m 6;44? 65)
4/ vlwpfOD;csif;\,HkMunfjcif;^aemifwtm;jzifhwHkYjyefjcif;/(rmuk 1;15/ a,m 1;12/ wref 20;21)
bk&m;ocifESifhjyefvnfoifhjrwf&ef tjcm;vrf;rSdacs/ (10;1-2? 7-8/ a,m 14;6/ wref 4;12/ 1wd 2;5)
u,fwifjcif;pdwfcs&rIonf oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\pdkufay:tajcjyK(xGuf 34;6/ ae 9;17/ qm 103;8/
145;8)jcif;jzpfNyD;? vl\vkyfaqmifrIay:wGif r[kwfacs! qefYusifbufjzpfae[ef rSefaomt&mwpfckrSm
u,fwifjcif;&jyD; vl\vkyfaqmifrIrSm tcrJhu,fwifcH&aMumif;\ taxmuftxm;wpfckjzpfonf/ (,mukyf
ESihf 1a,m)
]]igwdkYonf u,fwifjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf}} "ropfusrf;onf u,fwifjcif;tm; twdwf? ypKyefESifh
tem*wfjzpfaMumif;ajymonf/ ae&m tem*wfonf igwdkY\tqHk;pGefaomu,fwifjcif;jzpfonfh 'kwd,
tBudrf<uvm csdef NyD;pD;vdrfhrnfjzpfaom u,fwifjcif;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (1a,m 3;2)/ ti,f 9rSwfcsufESihf
10;13\ txl;taMumif;t&mwdkYudkMunfhyg/
]]toufawmftm;jzifh}}touftwGuf *&da0g[m&rSm zoa jzpfonf/ a,m[ef\usrf;rsm; a0g[m&
onf jyefSifxajrmufaomtoufwm? xm0&touf(0g)EdkifiHawmfxJtoufudk &nfnTef;avhSdonf/ aygvk
onfvnf; oabmjzifhoHk;onf/ taMumif;\t"dutcsufrSm ,HkMunfoltm; tjypfvTwfEdkif&ef bk&m;
ocifonf rQBuD;jrifhaomwefbdk;ay;qyfcJhNyD;jzpfojzifh if;tm; xda&mufap&ef aocsmqufvufoGm;ay
rnf/
]]touf}}onf atmufygwdkYteuf wpfckcktm;&nfnTef;Ekdifonf/
1/ a,I\jyefSifxajrmufjcif; (8;34/ 1aum 15)
2/ a,I\udk,fpm;jyK qkawmif;ay;jcif; (8;34/ a[NAJ 7;25/ 1a,m 2;1)
3/ igwdkYtxJc&pfawmfukd yHkazmfaeol0dnmOfawmf (a&mr 8;29/ *v 4;19)
a,I\csD;ajrmufcHaomtouf(aumif;uifbHkodkYjyefwufjcif;-wref 2)enf;wl ajrBuD;ay:toufwm
ESifhtaocHjcif;wdkYrSmvnf; igwdkY\jyefvnfoifhjrwfaprItwGuf tajccHjzpfaMumif; aygvktcdkiftrmajymonf/
5;11 ]]rQomvQif r[kwfbJ}} ti,f 3 \rSwfcsufMunfhyg/
179

 ]]tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\}}5;2\rSwfcsufMunfhyg/ if;onf usrf;ydk'f ]]tvGef0rf;ajrmufonf}}

(0g<um;onf) pum;vHk;tm; oHk;BudrfajrmuftoHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/
1/ bkef;awmfudk arQmfvifhtvGef0rf;ajrmufonf/ i,f-2
2/ 'kuqif;&JcH&m tvGef0rf;ajrmufonf -i,f 3
3/ jyefvnfoifhjrwf&m tvGef0rf;ajrmufonf -i,f 11
tysufoabm0g<um;jcif;udk 2;17ESifh23wdkYawGY&onf/
]]jyefvnfoifhjrwfa pjcif;tm; ,ck&SdMuonf}}if;onf AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE wpfckjzpfNyD;?
NyD;jynfhpHkcJhNyD;aom vkyfaqmifrIwpfckjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;\jyefvnfoihfjrwfjcif; (tvJtvS,fjyKjcif;)udk
ti,f 10ESifh2aum 5;18-21/ {zuf 2;16-22/ aum 1;19-23wdkYvnf; aqG;aEG;onf/ odkYjzifh ]]jyefvnf
oihfjrwfjcif;}}onf "roabmt&]]ajzmifhrwfapjcif;}}ESifh t"dyg,fwlpum;jzpfonf/
NASB

(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/

/ 5;12-14

12

xdkUaMumifh tjypfonf wpfa,mufaomoltm;jzifh avmuodkY0ifa&mufvmum? tjypfrSwqifh

aojcif;w&m;0ifa&mufvmonf/ xdkodkYjzifh tm;vHk; aomolwdkYonf tjypfjyKMuojzifh aojcif;w&m;
onf vlom;rsm;tm;vHk;okdY jyefYESHYoGm;onf/ 13taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;rwdkifrD avmu tjypfSd
cJhaomfvnf; ynwfw&m;rSdpOf tjypfudk rrSwf,lacs/ 14odkYaomfvnf; tm'HjypfrSm;onfhtwdkif;
rjypfrSm;olrsm;ukdyifvQif aojcif;w&m;onf tm'HrS armaSwdkifatmiftkyfpdk;\/ xdktm'Honf <uvm
vwHhaomol\yHkOyrmjzpfownf;/
5;12 ]]xdkYaMumifh}}a&mrMo0g'pm ]]xdkYaMumifh}}qdkonfhoHk;EIef;yHktrsm;tjym;Sdonf(5;1/ 8;1/ 12;1) teuf
jyef&m if;wdkYonf rnfonfht&mESifhqufpyfaMumif; ta&;BuD;onf/ if;wdkYonf aygvkajymonfht&m
tm;vHk;udk nTef;jcif;vnf;jzpfEkdifonf/ aocsmonfrSm urmOD;usrf;ESifhqufpyfaeum? a&mr 1;18-32tm;
jyefvnfnTef; qdkjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/
]]tjypfonf wpfa,mufaomoltm;jzifh avmuodkY0ifa&mufvmum}}ti,f 12SdBud,mrsm;tm;vHk;
AORIST ac:NyD;pD;cJhNyD;aom vkyfaqmifrIwpfckjyonfh Bud,mrsm;jzpfonf/ tm'H\usqif;rIonf aojcif;
w&m;,laqmifvmonf/ (1aum 15;22)/ ormusrf;pmonf tjypftaMumif; #DumcsJY ra&;om;acs/ tjypf
onf aumif;uifwrefrsm; e,fy,fvnf;jzpfay:onf/ (urm 3ESifh Asm 12;7-9)/ rnfodkYrnfyHkESifh rnfonfh
tcsdefjzpfaMumif;wdkYrSmrl aocsmjcif;rSdacs/ (a[Sm 14;12-27/ a,Z 28;12-19/ a,mb 4;18/ rJ
25;41/ vkum 10;18/ a,m 12;31/ Asm 12;7-9)/
tm'H\tjypf rsufESmpmESpfrsKd;yg0ifonf/ (1) twdtusay;xm;aom trdefYwpf&yftm; remcHjcif;
(urm 2;16-17) ESifh (2) twA[dkjyKaomrme (urm 3;5-6)/ if;onf a&mr 1;18-32 upNyD; urmOD; 3
tm; qufvuf&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfonf/
if;onf tjypfqdkif&m aygvktm; *sL;usrf;pmq&mBuD;rsm;ESifh xifSm;pGm cGJxGufoGm;aponf/
*sL;usrf;pmq&mBuD;rsm;onf urmOD; 3ukd tajcrjyKbJ? if;tpm; vlwdkif; ]]&nfG,fcsufESpf&yf}} (yetzer)Sd
onf[kqdkMuonf/ olwdkY\xifay:ausmfMum;aomtqdkrSm ]]vlom;wdkif;\ESvHk;om;xJ acG;rJwpfaumifESifh
180

acG;jzLwpfaumifpDSdonf/ rdrdauR;arG;jyKpkaomtaumifrSm tBuD;qHk;jzpfvmonf}}[ljzpf\/ aygvkurl

tjypfonf oefYSif;awmfrlol bk&m;SifESifh rdrdzefqif;jcif;tMum; t"dutwm;tqD;jzpfonf[kjzpfonf/
aygvkonf systemetic theologian ac:"rynmtm; enf;pHepfjzifh IjrifoltrsKd;tpm;r[kwfacs/ (James
Steward \ A Man in Christ) olonf tjypf\rlv&if;jrpf tcsKdUazmfjyonf/ (1) tm'H\usqif;rI (2)
pmwef\aoG;aqmifjzm;a,mif;rIESifh (3) vlom;\tqufrjywfawmfvSefykefuefrI ({zuf 2;2-3)ponfwdkYjzpf
onf/
"roabmw&m; tm'HESifhc&pfawmftMum; uJGjym;jcm;em;rIESifhwlnDrIjzpfEdkifonfh oabmoufa&mufrI
ESpf&yfSdonf/
1/ tm'Honf yuwdppfrSefaomordkif;0if yk*dKvfwpfa,mufjzpfonf/
2/ a,IrSm yuwdppfrSefaomvlom;wpfa,mufjzpfonf/
ormw&m;ESpf&yfonf rSm;,Gif;aomoGefoifrIrsm; rsufarSmuf ormusrf;pmudk twnfjzpfap
onf/ ]]vlwpfa,muf}} (one man)odkYr[kwf ]]wpfa,mufaomol}}(the one)[lxyfcgwpfvJvJ oHk;EIef;yHkudk
odrSwfyg/ tm'HESifha,IwdkYtm; &nfnTef;onfh enf;vrf;ESpfckudk usrf;ydk'f wpfBudrfoHk;onf/
]]vlwpfa,muf}} trsKd;tpm;jyaom pum;pk (henos anthropou)udk tm'H (i,f 12? 16? 17? 18? 19)
odkYr[kwf a,I (i,f 15-ESpfcg? 17-ESpfcg? 18? 19)tm; udk,fpm;jyKoHk;EIef;onf/ olwdkYonf vlwpfpk (0g)
vlYtzGJYtpnf;wpf&yf (]]rsm;pGm}} i,f 15-ESpfcg? 19-ESpfcg? ]]tm;vHk;}} i,f 12? 13? 18-ESpfcg)pDudk
udk,fpm;jyKMuonf/
]]tjypfrSwpfqifh aojcif;w&m;}} ADZtjypf-original sin (rl&if;tjypf)qdkaoma0g[m&udk Augustine
(A.D 354-430)u yxrqHk; topfwDxGifonf/ if;onf tm'H^{0wdkY jyKcJhonfhurmOD; 3u aG;cs,frI\
tusKd;qufrsm;ukd Sif;vif;azmfjyonf/ olwdkY\ykefuefrIonf zefqif;aomt&mtm;vHk;xdcdkufonf/ vlom;
wdkYudk atmufygwdkYu xdcdkufonf/
1/ usqif;aom avmued,rwpf&yf
2/ aoG;aqmifol yk*dKvfwpfa,muf
3/ usqif;aom obm0wpf&yf
ADZtjypfonf (12-14? 16?17)wpfOD;csif;jyKaomtjypfESifh wGJzufygvmum (12? 16)vlom;tm;vHk;
tjypfSdaponf/ tjypfonf ]]aojcif;w&m;}}tm; jzpfay:aponf/ (1;32/ 6;13? 16? 21? 23/ 7;5? 9? 10?
11? 13? 24/ 8;13)
Jerome jyKpkonfh Biblical Commentary ac:teufzGifhusrf; (pm 308) azmfjyonfrSm *sL;usrf;pm
q&mBuD;rsm;onf urmYordkif; umvBuD;oHk;yg;Sdonf[l tpOftvmtm;jzifh rSwf,lxm;Muonf[kqdk
onf/
1/ tm'HrS armaS
2/ armaSrS arSd,
3/ arSdrS tem*wf (eschaton)
aygvkpdwfxJ tydkif;vdkuf cGJjcm;rIrsm;SdcJhonfqdkvQif atmufygtwdkif;jzpfayrnf/
1/ tm'HrS armaS (rlvtjypf? ynwfw&m;r[kwfbJ? aojcif;w&m;jzpfonf)
2/ armaSrS arSd, (wpfOD;csif;jyKaomtjypf? ynwfw&m;tm; usL;vGefjcif;)
3/ arSd, (aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh ynwfw&m;^ynwfcsufrS vGwfajrmufjcif;)
181

 ]]aojcif;w&m;onf vlom;rsm;tm;vHk;odkY ysHUESHYoGm;onf}}usrf;ydk'f\t"duOD;wnfcsufrSm tjypf\

aemufqufwGJjzpfaomaojcif;w&m;onf pMuFm0#mwpfckvHk; xdcdkufonf[ljzpf\/ (i,f 16-19/ 1aum
15;22/ *v 1;10)
1/ 0dnmOfaojcif; - urm 2;17/ 3;1-24/ a[Sm 59;2/ a&mr 7;10-11/ {zuf 2;1/ aum 2;13/
,mukyf 1;15/
2/ cEmudk,faojcif; - urm 3;4-5/ 5;1-32
3/ xm0&aojcif; - Asm 2;11/ 20;6? 14/ 21;8
]]tm;vHk;aomolwdkYonf tjypfjyKMuojzifh}}vlom;tm;vHk;onf tm'HtxJ wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf; tjypf
jyKonf/ (Oyrm-tjypfSdaomtaetxm;ESifh tjypfbuf,drf;,dkifjcif;tm; ADZtjzpftarGqufcHonf)xdkYaMumifh
vlom;wdkif;onf tjypfjyK&ef rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkif aG;cs,fMuNyD;? xyfcgwvJvJ xdkodkYjyKMuonf/ vlom;wdkif;
onf wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;ESifh wpfOD;csif;tvdkuf tjypfSdolrsm;jzpfaMumif; ormusrf;pmu tav;teuf
azmfjyonf/(3"r 8;46/ 2&mZ0if 6;36/ qm 14;1-2/ 130;3/ 143;2/ okwH 20;9/ a' 7;20/ a[Sm 9;17/
53;6/ a&m 3;9-18? 23/ 5;18/ 11;32/ *v 3;22/ 1a,m 1;8-10)/
usrf;ydk'frsm; wpfckvHk;u txl;azmfjyonfrSm (i,f 15-19)tjyKtrlwpfckonf (tm'H)aojcif;jzpf
ay:apum? tjcm;tjyKtrlwpfckonf (a,I)toufSifjcif;jzpfay:apaMumif;udk wpfzufawGY&onf/ rnfodkY
jzpfap bk&m;ocifonf rdrdESifhvlom;\qufpyfrItm; vlom;\]]aysmufqHk;jcif;}}ESifh]]ajzmifhrwfapjcif;}}rsufESm
pmay: wnfaqmufonf/ vlom;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY\tem*wfuHMurmtm; zefwD;&m rdrdwdkY\pdwfqE tm;jzifh
yg0ifaeMuonf! olwdkYonf tjypf(0g)c&pfawmftm; qufvufaG;cs,fMuonf/ olwdkYonf aG;cs,frI
ESpf&yftm; tusKd;oufa&mufapEkdifjcif;rSdMuaomfvnf;? rdrdwdkYonf if;ESpfrsKd;teuf rnfonfht&mESifhqdkif
aMumif; rdrdwdkYpdwfqEt& qufvufjyoaeMuonf!
]]taMumif;rlum;}}-because [lbmomjyefaompum;vHk;rSm trsm;oHk;(0g)oHk;aeusjzpfaomfvnf;
if;\t"dyg,fudk tjiif;yGg;MuavhSdonf/ aygvkonf eph'ho tm; 2aum 5;4/ zd 3;12 ESifh 4;10 ]]tb,f
aMumifhqdkaomf^taMumif;rlum;}}[laom t"dyg,fjzifhoHk;onf/ xdkYaMumifh vlom;wdkif;onf tjypfxJyg0if
ygwfouf&efESifh bk&m;ociftm; qefYusifykefuef&ef rddrdwdkYudk,fwdkif aG;cs,fMuonf/ tcsKdUonf txl;zGifhjy
jcif;(ormusrf;pm^a,I)tm;jiif;y,fMujcif;jzpfNyD;? tm;vHk;aomolwdkYurl obm0w&m;tm;jzifh zGifhjyjcif;
tm;jzifh jiif;qefMuukef\/ (1;18-3;20)
5;13-14 ormw&m;udkyif a&mr 3;20/ 4;15ESifhwref 17;30 wdkYvnf; oGefoifonf/ vlom;wdkY
wm0efSdonfrSm rdrdwdkY&Edkifonfht&m? aqmifGufjyKvkyfEkdifonfht&may:omvQifjzpfonf/ usrf;ydk'fonf
obm0w&m;tm;jzifh zGifhjyrItm;qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfbJ (qmvH 19;1-6/ a&mr 1;18-23/ 2;11-16)txl;zGifhjy
rI("ra[mif;usrf;? a,I? "ropfusrf;)udkom qdkvdkonf/
ti,f 12onf if;\ed*Hk;csKyfjzpfonfh ti,f 18-21ESifh Snfvsm;aomMum;jzwftaMumif;t&m i,f
13-17wdkYESifhrwl? oD;jcm;jzpfaMumif; NKJV uodxm;onfudk rSwfom;yg/
5;14
NASB, NKJ
NJB

]]aojcif;w&m;onf tkyfpdk;\}}
182

]]aojcif;w&m;onf pdk;rdk;jcif;jyK\}}
]]aojcif;w&m;tkyfcsKyfonf}}

NRSV
TEV

aojcif;onf bk&ifBuD;wpfyg;tvm; tkyfpdk;onf/ (i,f 17ESifh21)/ aojcif;ESifhtjypfwdkYtm; rif;qdk;

rif;npfuJhodkY vlyk*dKvftjzpf wifpm;oHk;EIef;yHktm; tcef;BuD;ESifh tcef;BuD; 6wdkYwavQmufvHk; awGY&onf/
wurmvHk; aojcif;w&m;tm; awGYMuHK&jcif;onf wurmvHk;Sdvlom;tm;vHk; tjypfSdaMumif;tm; twnf
jzpfaponf/ ti,f 17ESifh21wdkY aus;Zl;awmfukd vlyk*dKvftjzpf wifpm;azmfjyonf / aus;Zl ;awmf rS m
pdk;pHaeonf! vlom;rsm; aojcif;w&m; odkYr[kwf aus;Zl;awmftm; aG;cs,f&efSdonf/ "ra[mif;usrf;
aojcif;w&m; odkYr[kwf toufSifjcif;qdkonfh vrf;ESpfvrf;azmfjyonf/ w&m;a[m 11;26/ 30;1? 19)/
oifhb0tm; rnfonfht&mu tkyfpdk;aeoenf;?
]]tm'HjypfrSm;onftwdkif; rjypfrSm;aomolrsm;udkyifvQif}} tm'Honf bk&m;ocifay;onfh trdefYawmf
tm;csKd;azmufonf/ (urm 2;15-17)/ {0rSmrl xdkodkYr[kwfacs/ xdkopfyiftaMumif;tm; bk&m;ocifxHawmfrS
olrwdkufkdufMum;cJh&jcif ;r[kwfbJ? tm'HrSwqifhom Mum;cJh&onf/ tm'HrS armaS\acwfumvtxd
vlom;rsm;ukd tm'H\awmfvSefykefuefrIonf tusKd;oufa&mufxdcdkuf\/ olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifxHawmfrS
trd e f Y awmf w pf p H k w pf & m&S d c J h N yD ; if ; tm; usL;vG e f c J h M ujcif ; r[k w f a cs/ od k Y aomf v nf ; "r o abm
\tpdwftykdif;wpfckyifjzpfaom 1;18-32 olwdkYonf zefqif;aomt&mrsm;tm;jzifh rdrdwdkY&Sdxm;aom
tvif;w&m;tm; usL;vGefazgufzsufMuojzifh awmfvSefykefuefjcif; (0g)tjypftwGuf bk&m;ocifay: wm0ef
SdMuonfqdkonfh orw&m;udkazmfonf/ tm'HSdaom tjypfjyK&ef ,drf;,dkifrIonf olYtquftEG,fwpfck
vHk;odkYjyefYESHYonf/

NASB, NKJV
NRSV
]]<uvmvwHhaomol\ yHkOyrmjzpfownf;}}
TEV
]]tm'Honf <uvmvwHhaomolwpfa,muf\ o@mefwpfckjzpfonf}}
NJB
]]tm'Honf <uvmvwHhaomolwpfa,muftm; BudKwifay:vGifaponf}}

azmfjyrIonf tm'H-c&pfawmfyHkyrmjzpfjcif;tm; tvGefckdifcJhaponf/ (1aum 15;21-22? 45-49/ zd

2;6-8)/ olwdkYESpfOD;pvHk;udk jzpfpOfwpf&yf\yxr? rsKd;dk;wpfck\rlvtptjzpf awGYjrif&onf/ (1aum 15;45
-49)/ tm'HrSm "ropfusrf;wGif]]yHko@mef}}wpfcktjzpf azmfjyonfhwpfOD;wnf;aom "ra[mif;usrf;rS yk*dKvf
jzpfonf/ (tpa&;taMumif; 1aum 10;6Munfhyg)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /yHko@mef(form-Tupos) tm;
6;17 Munfhyg/
NASB

(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/

15

/ 5;15-17

odkYaomf tcrJhvufaqmifonf usL;vGefjcif;uJhodkYr[k wf/ taMumif;rlum; wpfa,mufaom

ol\usL;vGefjcif;tm;jzifh trsm;aomolwdkYonf aoqHk;cJhMuonfqdkvQif wpfa,mufaomoljzpfaom
a,Ic&pfawmf\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh? bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfESifh vufaqmifawmfonf trsm;aom
olwdkYwGif ydk<u,f0 onf/ 16vufaqmifawmfonf tjypfjyKolwpfa,muftm;jzifh a&mufSdvmaom
t&muJhodkYr [kwfacs/ taMumif;rlum; wpfckaomusL;vGefrIonf jypf'PfuscHaponfh w&m;pD&ifrI
jzpfyGg;apaomfvnf;? tjcm;wbufrl usL;vGefjcif;rsm;pGmrS jzpfay:aomtcrJhvufaqmifonf
183

ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&Sdaponf/ 17taMumif;rlum; wpfa,mufaomol\usL;vGefjcif;tm;jzifh aojcif;

w&m;onf xdkwpfa,mufolrSwqifh tkyfpdk;onfqdkygu? <u,f0aomaus;Zl;awmfESifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;
vufaqmif vufcH&Sdolrsm;onf wpfa,mufaomol a,Ic&pfawmfrSwqifh toufSifum? ydkpdk;pH
Muvdrfhrnf/
5;15-19 if;onf tvm;wlpum;pkrsm;jzifh usKd;aMumif;jyum? qufvufaqG;aEG;rIwpf&yfjzpfonf/ NASB,
4
NRSV ESifh TEVwdkYonf usrf;ydk'fudk ti,f 18 pmydk'fcGJonf/ odkYaomf UBS , NKJVESifhJB wdkYonf pmydk'f
wpfydk'ftjzpf bmomjyefonf/ rl&if;pma&;ol\&nfG,fcsuftm; teufjyef&efaomhcsufrSm pmydk'fwpfydk'fpD
t"duormw&m;wpfckpDjzpfaMumif;tm; owd&yg/
ti,f 15ESifh19wdkYSd ]]trsm;aomolwdkY}}[laompum;onf ti,f 12ESifh18wdkUSdonfh]]tm;vHk;}}ESifh
t"dyg,fwljzpfaMumif; rSwfom;yg/ a[Sm, 53;11-12ESifh ti,f 6wdkYvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ a0g
[m&ESpfcktm; "roabmw&m;qdkif&m uGJjym;jcm;em;rI (uJvfAif\aG;aumufjcif;jzpfonf[laomtqdkESifh
aG;aumufjcif;r[kwf[laom tqdkESpf&yf)tjzpf,l&efr[kwfacs/
5;15]]tcrJhvufaqmifawmf}} usrf;ydk'fSd ]]vufaqmif}}pum;vHk; *&dpum;vHk;ESpfrsKd;jzpfonfh charisma
i,f 15? 16(6;23)ESifh dorea ^dorama i,f 15? 16? 17(3;24\rSwfcsufvnf;Munfhyg)wdkYoHk;aomfvnf;
t"dyg,fwljzpfonf/ if;rSm u,fwifjcif;owif;aumif;ppfppfjzpfonf/ if;onf ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;udkay;
onfh a,Ic&pfawmfrSwqifh(3;24/ 6;23/ {zuf 2;8?9)bk&m;ocifay;aom tcrJhvufaqmifawmfjzpfonf/
]]vQif}}if;onf yxrwef;pm;cRif;csufygaom0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD;? pma&;ol\IYawmifhrS rSefonf[krSwf,laom
t&m odkYr[kwf ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ tm'H\tjypfonf vlom;wdkif;xH aojcif;w&m;,laqmifvmonf/
if;onf ti,f 17ESifhtvm;wljzpfonf/
]]<u,f0}}txl;taMumif;t&m 15;13Munfhyg/
5;16 ]]jypf'PfuscHapjcif;...ajzmifhrwfapjcif;}}a0g[m&ESpfckpvHk; w&m;kH;awmfESifhqdkifaom Oya'a0g
[m&rsm;jzpfonf/ "ra[mif;usrf;onf ya&mzufwpfyg;\w&m;a'oemtm; w&m;cGifoabmjzifh wifjyavh
Sdonf/ aygvkonf oabmudkyifoHk;onf/ (a&mr 8;1? 31-34)/
5;17]]vQif}}if;onf pma&;ol\Iaxmifh trSef[krSwf,lxm;aomt&m odkYr[kwf ol\pma&;[efjzpfonfh
tjcm;aomyxrwef;pm; cRif;csufyg 0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/ tm'H\usL;vGefrIonf vlom;tm;vHk; aoqHk;oGm;ap
onf/
]]vufcH&Sdolrsm;onf...ydk}}ti,f 18-19rSm "rmoabmt& [efcsufrnDacs/ pum;pkudk a&mr 18 xJ ygSdonfhtaMumif;t&mrS oD;jcm;cGJxkwfr&onfh tjyifvlom;tm;vHk; u,fwifjcif;&Sdvdrfhrnfqdkaom
Mo0g'twGuf taxmuftxm;tjzpfvnf; oHk;&onfr[kwfacs/ vlom;onf c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocif
ay;prf;onfht&mudk vufcHjcif;jyK&ygrnf/ (i,f 17)/ u,fwifjcif;onf vlwdkif;&Ekdifaomt&mjzpfaomf
vnf;? wpfOD;csif;taejzifh vufcHrIjyK&efjzpfonf/ (a,m 1;12/ 3;16/ a&mr 10;9-13)/
tm'HjyKonfhwpfckaom awmfvSefykefuefrIonf vlom;tm;vHk; t<uif;rJawmfvSefykefuefrIjzpfyGg;ap
onf/ wpfckwnf;aom tjypfSdonfhtjyKtrlonf tus,fcsJUjcif;cH&onf/ odkYaomf wpfckaomajzmifhrwfonfh
184

,Zfaumiftjzpf ylaZmfaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfckonf wpfOD;csif;\tjypfrSmenf;wl wpfckwpfaygif;wnf;aom

tjypf\tusKd;oufa&mufrI c&pfawmftxJ zHk;tkyfjcif;&SdoGm;aponf/ c&pfawmf\ ]]ydkomvGefaom}}vkyf
aqmifrIudk tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ (i,f 9? 10 ?15? 17)/ aus;Zl;awmfrSm ydk<u,f0onf/
5;17]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;vufaqmif&Sdolrsm;onf toufSifvsuf...pdk;pHMuvdrfhrnfh...toufESifh,SOfaom
ajzmifhrwfapjcif;}}a,Ionf usqif;aomvlom;tm;vHk;\0dnmOfa&;&m vdktyfrIrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocif\
vufaqmifESihfaxmufyHhrIjzpfonf/ (1aum 1;30)/ tvm;wljzpfaom usrf;NydKifrsm;\ jzpfEkdifaomt"dyg,f
rsm;rSm
1/ tjypfSdaomvlom;tm; bk&m;ocifESifhqkdifaom rSefuefonfh&yfwnfcsufudk c&pfawmf\NyD;pD;cJh
aomtvkyfrSwqifh ay;tyfNyD;? if;onf ]]bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom toufwm}}udk jzpfay:aponf/
2/ pum;pkrSm ]]xm0&touf}}ESifh t"dyg,fwljzpfonf/ usrf;pum;qufpyfrIoabmonf eHygwf
wpfudkaxmufcHonf/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;taMumif; pum;vHk;avhvmrItm; txl;taMumif;t&m 1;17
Munfhyg/
]]pdk;pH}}[laomBud,mudk usrf;ydk'f t"dyg,ftrsKd;rsKd;jzihfoHk;onf/
1/ ]]aojcif;w&m;onf tm'HrSarmaSwdkifatmif pdk;pHonf/}}i,f 14/(AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE )
2/ ]]aojcif;w&m;onf wpfa,mufaomoltm;jzifhpdk;pHonf}}i,f 17 (AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE)
3/ ]]<u,f0aomaus;Zl;awmfESihf ajzmifhrwfjcif;vufaqmif&Sdolrsm;onf toufSifvsufydkpdk;pHMu
vdrfhrnf}}i,f 17 (FUTURE ACTIVE INDICATIVE)
4/ ]]tjypfw&m;onf aojcif;w&m;tm;jzifh pdk;pH\/}}i,f 21 (AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE)
5/ ]]aus;Zl;w&m;onf pdk;pHvdrfhrnf}}i,f 21 (AORIST ACTIVE SUBJECTIVE)
6/ ]]tjypfw&m;udk tpdk;r&apMuESifh}} 6;21 (AORIST ACTIVE IMPERATIVE)
aygvkonf tjypfw&m;ESifh aojcif;w&m;wdkYtm; aus;Zl;awmfESihftNydKif azmfjy&m oufSdtvm;wif
pm;rIrSm "rormw&m;tm; azmfjy&m tm;ygvSaomazmfjyrI wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf pdk;pHjcif;

c&pfawmfESifhtwl pdk;pHjcif;[lonf ]]bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf}}[laom ydkrdkus,fjyefYonfh "roabm\

tpdwftydkif;wpf&yfjzpfonf/ if;rSm bk&m;ocifonf tpa&;\ppfrSefaombk&ifjzpfonf (1"r 8;7)qdkonfh
"ra[mif;usrf;t,ltq\tqufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ,k'qdkonfhrsKd;EG,fwpfckESifh (urm 49;10)
a,SJ\rdom;pk (2"r 7)trSwftom;jzifh tkyfcsKyfonf (1"r 8;7/ 10;17-19)/
a,IrSm arSd,ESifhqkdifaom "ra[mif;usrf;\uwdawmf jynfhpHk&mjzpfonf/ olonf AufvifNrdKU
vlYZmwdcH,l(vltjzpf0ifpm;)jcif;ESifhtwl bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmftm; pwifzGifhvSpfcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\
EkdifiHawmfonf a,Ia[mMum;onfh w&m;pum;\yifrwdkifBuD;jzpfvmcJhonf/ EkdifiHawmfonf olYtxJ
tjynfht0a&mufSd vmcJhonf/ (rJ 10;7/ 11;12/ 12;28/ rmuk 1;15/ vkum 10;9? 11/ 11;20/ 16;16/
17;20-21)/
odkYaomf EkdifiHawmf[lonf tem*wfvnf;jzpfonf/ if;udk pwifzGifhvSpfcJhaomfvnf; tqHk;rowfcJh
acs/ (rJ 6;10/ 8;11/ 16;28/ 22;1-14/ 26;29/ vkum 9;27/ 11;2/ 13;29/ 14;10-24/ 22;16? 18)/
a,Ionf tpyxr 'kuqif;&JcHpm;aom tapcHwpfa,muftjzpf (a[Sm 52;13-53/ 12)ESdrfhcspGm
<uvmcJhonfrSef aomfvnf; (Zm 9;9) olonf bk&ifwumwdkY\bk&ifBuD;tjzpf jyefvnf<uvmOD;rnfjzpf
185

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tydkif;wpfckjzpf aMumif; aocsmonf/ bk&m;ocifonf EkdifiHawmftm; a,I\aemufvdkufrsm;udk ay;tyf
cJhNyD;jzpfonf/(vkum 12;32Munfhyg/)
a,IESifhtwl pdk;pHjcif;qdk&m tjrifESifhar;cGef;trsKd;rsKd;Sdonf/
1/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; ]]EkdifiHawmf}}udk c&pfawmfrSwpfqifh ay;cJhNyD;jzpfonf[kqdk&m
]]pdk;pHjcif;}}udk &nfnTef;ygovm;? (rJ 5;3? 10/ vkum 12;32)
2/ *sL;vlrsKd;ESifhqdkifaom yxr&mpktwGif; rlvwynfhawmfrsm;udkajymonfh a,I\pum;rsm;onf
,HkMunfolrsm;tm;vHk;udkyg &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfygoavm? (rJ 19;28/ vkum 22;28-30)
3/ ,ckb0 pdk;pHjcif;tm; tav;teufjyKonfh aygvk\azmfjyrIonf txufygusrf;ydk'fESifh qefYusif
aeygovm; (0g)yHhydk;ygovm;? (a&mr 5;17/ 1aum 4;8)
4/ 'kuqif;&JcHjcif;ESifh pdk;pHjcif;wdkY rnfuJhodkYqufpyfoenf;? (a&mr 8;17/ 2wd 2;11-12/ 1ay
4;13/ Asm 1;9)
5/ Asm'dwfusrf; jyefay:vmonfh OD;wnfcsufrSm c&pfawmfESifhtwl pdk;pHjcif;jzpfaomfvnf; xdkpdk;pHrIrSm
(u) ajrBuD;ay:wGifjzpfonf 5;10
(c) tESpfwpfaxmifqdkif&mjzpfonf 20;5? 6
(*) xm0&jzpfonf 2;26/ 3;21/ 22;5ESifh 'H 7;14? 18? 27/
NASB

(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 5;18-21

18

xdkYaMumifh wckaomusL;vGefjcif;rSwqifh vltaygif;wdkYonf jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;cH&onfenf;

wl? wpfckaomajzmifhrwfjcif;vkyfaqmifrIonf vltaygif;wdkYtm; toufSifjcif; ESifh,SOfaom ajzmifh
rwfapjcif;&Sdaponf/ 19taMumif;rlum;? wpfa,mufaomol\em;raxmifrIonf vltrsm;wdkYudk
tjypfom;rsm;jzpfaponfenf;wl? wpfa,mufaomol\em;axmifjcif;onf vltrsm;wdkYudk ajzmifhrwf
olrsm;jzpfapvdrfhrnf/ 20usL;vGefrI BuD;xGm;vmap&ef ynwfw&m;awmf0ifvmaomfvnf;? tjypf
BuD;xGm;onfwGif aus;Zl;awmfrSm ydk<u,f0 \/ 21taMumif;rSm tjypfw&m;onf aojcif;tm;jzifh
tpdk;&onfenf;wl aus;Zl;awmfonf igwdkYo cifa,Ic&pfawmfrSwqifh xm0&touf&Sdapaom
ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;rSwqifh tpdk;&vdrfhownf;/
5;18
]]...onfenf;wl? wpfckaomajzmifhrwfjcif;vkyfaqmifrIonf vltaygif;wdkYtm; toufSifjcif;
ESifh,SOfaom ajzmifhrwfjcif;&Sdaponf/}}
NKJV ]]...onf e nf ; wl wpf a ,muf a omvl \ ajzmif h r wf a omvk y f a qmif r I t m;jzif h tcrJ h v uf a qmif o nf
vlom;tm;vHk;odkYa&mufSdonf/}}
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toufay;onf}}
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NASB

186

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onf!
5;18-19]]vltaygif;wdkYonf jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;cH...vltaygif;wdkYonf toufSifjcif;ESifh,SOfaom
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[lonfha0g[m&onf uefYowfrIr[kwfbJ? tm;vHk;udkjcHK ajymjcif;jzpfaMumif; azmfjyonfhtvm;wl pum;pk
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awGY&onf/ ]]trsm;aomolwdkY}}[lonfha0g[m&tm; u,fwifjcif;udk vlom;tm;vHk;odkY bk&m;ocifay;urf;
jcif;tm; uefYowfonfht"dyg,fjzifh toHk;jyK&efr[kwfacs/ (uJvfAJ'f\aG;cs,fjcif;ESifh aG;cs,fjcif;[lrSd
[laom pifNydKifoGefoifrI)
tqdkygBud,mwdkYrSm tjyKcH (PASSIVE)Bud,mrsm;jzpfaMumif; odrSwfyg/ if;wdkYonf bk&m;ocif\vkyf
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onf/
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t&mtm;vHk;ay: bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;oufa&mufaponf/ (urmOD; 3)/ tm'H\awmfvSefykef
uefrI tusKd;qufonf zefqif;aomt&mtm;vHk; xdckdufonf/ (8;18-25)/ urmajrBuD;rSm cgwdkif;uJhJodkY
r[kwfawmhNyD/ aojcif;w&m;onf urmajrBuD;ay: toufSiforQt&mcyfodrf;ay: a&mufSdvmcJhygNyD/ (urm
5)/ if;rSm bk&m;ocif&nfG,fxm;onfh urmrsKd;r[kwfawmhNyD!
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onfh um&meDukef;ay:u vkyfaqmifcsufonf (1) acwfopfwpfck (2) topfaomvlrsKd;wpfrsKd;ESifh (3)
187

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(the Adam-Christ typology)[kac:onf/(zd 2;6)/ a,IrSm 'kwd,ajrmuf tm'Hjzpfonf/ olonf usqif;cJh
NyD;aom vlom;rsm;\ topfaomtpjyKjcif;jzpfonf/
]]ajzmif h r wf o l r sm;jzpf a pvd r f h r nf } }txl;taMumif;t&m

1;17 Munfhyg/

5;20
NASB ]]usL;vG e f r I B uD ; xG m ;ap&ef ynwf w &m;0if v m}}
NKJV ]]xd k Y j yif tjypf y G g ;ap&ef ynwf w &m;0if v monf } }
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TEV ]]rS m ;,G i f ; aomtjyKtrl r sm; wd k ; yG g ;ap&ef ynwf a wmf p wif 0 if v monf } }
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c&pfawmfxH ydkYaqmif&efjzpfonf/ (3;20/ 4;15/ 7;5/ *v 3;19? 23-26)/ ynwfw&m;rSm aumif;rGefonf
rSefaomfvnf; vlom;rSmrl tjypfESifhjynfhvsufSdonf! (a&mr 7)
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pufqkwfzG,f&maumif;pGm jyefYESHYaeaomfvnf; aus;Zl;awmfonf <u,f0vsufSdum? aoqHk;rIjzpfyGg;apaom
if;\vTrf;rdk;rIxuf vGefuJonf! if;onf awmifyHaygufump yxrwpf&mpktoif;awmftwGuf cGeftm;&
p&mjzpfonf/ olwdkYonf c&pfawmfxJ atmifEkdifolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ (5;9-11/ 8;31-39/ 1a,m 5;4)/
if;rSm ydktjypfrsm;rsm;vkyf&ef vdkifpifr[kwfacs! txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Huper aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm;tm;
aygvktoHk;jyKyHk 1;30Munfhyg/ ti,f 15toHk;jyKonfh a&mr 15;13u qufpyfpum;vHk;wpfvHk;
(taMumif;-about)tm; if;\txl;taMumif;t&mMunfhyg/
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vHk;qdkif&m aojcif;w&m;tm;jzifh tkyfpdk;onf/ (i,f 14? 17)/ aus;Zl;awmfonf oGufoGif;ay;aomajzmifhrwf
jcif;w&m;tm;jzifh tkyfpdk;onf/ xdkajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;rSm a,Ic&pfawmfNyD;pD;cJhonfhtvkyf ,HkMunfolonf
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm; ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh aemifw&jcif;tm;jzifh wHkYjyefrIrSwqifh &Sdaomt&mjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocif\vlrsKd;awmf topfjzpfaom? c&pfawmf\udk,fcEmtjzpfjzifh ,HkMunfolrsm;onfvnf;
c&pfawmfESifhtwl pdk;pHMuonf/ (5;17/ 2wd 2;12/ Asm 22;5)/ t&mudk ajrBuD;ay:(odkY) tESpfwpfaxmif
tkyfpdk;rI awGYjrif&onf/ (Asm 5;9-10/ 20)/ ormusrf;pmonfvnf; EkdifiHawmfudk oefYSif;olrsm;tm;
ay;cJhNyDjzpfaMumif; ormw&m;tm; tcdkiftrmajymygonf/ (rJ 5;3? 10/ vkum 12;32/ {zuf 2;5-6)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmf pdk;pHjcif;taMumif;tm; 5;17? 18Munfhyg/

aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm;
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tm;? rdrdudk,fwdkifteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0efSdonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&Sdxm;
188

onfh tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif? ormusrf;pmESifh

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a&;om;olrsm;tay:om yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
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tm;pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJ?pOf;pm;qifjcifrItm; EId;qGay;jcif;omjzpfonf/
1/ bk&m;ocif\]]ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;}}tm; t"dyg,fowfrSwfcsufay;yg/
2/ ]]&yfwnfcsufqdkif&m oefYSif;apjcif;}} ESifh ]]wdk;wufjzpfay:aomydkifqdkifjcif;}}wdkY\"roabmw&m;t&
uGJjym;jcm;em;rIrSm tb,fenf;?
3/ igwdkYu,fwifjcif;&onfrSm aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifhavm(odkY) ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhavm? ({zuf 2;8-9)
4/ c&pf,mefwdkYonf tb,faMumifh 'kuqif;&JcHMuoenf;?
5/ igwdkYonf u,fwifjcif;&cJhMuNyD (odkY)u,fwifjcif;&aeMuqJjzpfonf(odkY)u,fwifjcif;&SdMuvdrfhrnf[k
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7/ ]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}} ]]u,fwifonf}} ESifh]]jyefvnfoifhjrwfaponf}}qdkonfh a0g[m&rsm;onf oifcef;
pm 5twGif; rnfuJhodkY qufpyfaeoenf;?
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aMumifh uREfkyftm;wm0efSdonf[k tb,faMumihf qGJoGif;&oenf;? (i,f 12-21)
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aMumifh aoqHk;cJhMuoenf;? (i,f 13-14)
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189

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6;1-14

6;1-4
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6;15-23

TEV

tjypftwGuf
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6;1-4
6;5-11

6;12-14
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6;12-14
ajzmifhrwfjcif;
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6;15-19

6;15-19

6;20-23

6;20-23

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6;1-7
6;8-11
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6;12-14
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taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;Sdonf/
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190

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apjcif;)taMumif;jzpfonf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf c&pfawmfrSwqifh bk&m;ocif\rxdkufwef
aom tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfukd tajcjyKjcif;jzpfojzifh (3;21-5;21)txufygtaMumif;t&mrSm tvGefta&;
BuD;onf/ odkYjzifh tjypfonf ,HkMunfoludk rnfodkYxdckdufoenf;? tcef;BuD; 6 onf t,ltqESpfckjzpf
onfh ti,f 1ESifh15udk tajcjyKonf/ ti,f 1onf 5;20ESifhqufpyfum? ti,f 15onf 6;14 ESifh
qufpyfonf/ yxrt&m\tjypfESifhqufpyfrIrSm toufSifjcif;yHkpH (PRESENT TENSE-ypyef)jzpfNyD;?
'kwd,t&m\ tjypfESifh qufpyfrIrSm wpfOD;csif;jyKaomtjypf (AORIST TENSE)jzpfonf/ xdkYjyif ti,f
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tjynfhtpHkESifh pdwfygvufyg tapcHcJhMuonfhtwkdif;yifjzpfaMumif; ajymygonf/
c/ oefYSif;pifMu,fapjcif;onf atmufygESpfrsKd;pvHk;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4Munfhyg)
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tm;jzifh bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom? c&pfawmfESifhwlonfh aemufvdkufrsm; arG;xkwfvdrfhrnf[ljzpfonf/
trSefrSm if;onf y#dnOfw&m;a[mif;(w&m;a[m 27-28)ESifh y#dnOfw&m;opf (a,&rd 31;31-34/
a,Z 36;26-27)wdkY\ uGJjym;jcm;em;rIjzpfonf/
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xifSm;pGmjyorIwpfckjzpfonf/ a&mrMo0g'pm &yfwnfrIqdkif&moefYSif;pifMu,fapjcif; (ajzmifhrwfaprI
&Sdjcif;)ESifh? vufawGYtm;jzifh oefYSif;pifMu,fjcif;(c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;)ESpfrsKd;vHk;tm; tav;teufjyK
191

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wljzpfonf/
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1/ oifonf c&pfawmftxJ rnfolrnf0gjzpfaeaMumif; odSdyg/ oifhtwGuf c&pfawmfrnfonfht&m
vkyfay;cJhaMumif; odxm;yg/ oifonf tjypfrSvGwfajrmufaeoljzpfonf! oifonf tjypfbuf^t
jypftwGuf vlaojzpfaeayNyD!
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3/ uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkYudk t&ifyxrcspfawmfrlcJhum? uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf olYudk,folay;tyfol
tSifay: aus;Zl;wifum? cspfaomtm;jzifh olYtm;tapcHMu&ygrnf!
4/ c&pf,meftoufwmrSm obm0vGeftoufwmjzpfonf/ if;onf u,fwifjcif;uJhodkYyif bk&m;ocif
onf c&pfawmftxJay;aom vufaqmifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf if;udktpjyKay;um? if;\
wefcdk;udk axmufyHhjyifqifay;onf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf tpjyK&mvnf;aumif;? aeYpOfvnf;aumif;
aemifw&jcif;ESifh ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh wHkYjyefrIjyKMu&ygrnf/
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if;xHrS xGufajy;yg/ pHkprf;aoG;aqmif&mae&m oifhudk,foif ae&mrcsygESifh/
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1
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olESifhtwl oN*Kvfjcif;cHcJhMu\/ crnf;awmf\ bkef; wefcdk;tm;jzifh c&pfawmfonf vlaorsm;teufrS
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5
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192

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if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE ac: pdwfqEtm; azmfjyrIjzpfonf/ xkwfvdkaomar;cGef;

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bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfESifh *kPawmfonf awmfvSefykefuefaomtoufwm usifvnf&ef vkyfydkifcGifh
vdkifpifr[kwfacs/
c&pfawmfaMumifh aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifhay;aom u,fwifjcif;vufaqmifjzpfonfh aygvk\tcrJh
owif;aumif;onf ajzmifhrwfaomtoufSifjcif;qdkif&mudp ar;cGef;rsm;pGmjzpfay:aponf/ tcrJhvuf
aqmifonf udk,fusihfw&m;tm; rnfuJhodkYajzmifhrSefapoenf;? ajzmifhrwfapjcif;ESifhoefYSif;apjcif;wdkYudk cGJjcm;
&efr[kwfacs/(rJ 7;24-27/ vkum 8;21/ 11;28/ a,m 13;17/ a&mr 2;13/ ,mukyf 1;22-25/2;14-26)
ae&m F.F Bruce \ Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free pmtkyfrS udk;um;azmfjyyg&ap/
]]c&pf,mefrsm;\ a&ESpfr*Fvmonf topfarG;zGm;jcif;rSdonfh if;wdkY\wnfSdaeaom vla[mif;ESifh
c&pfawmftxJ if;wdkY\topfaomb0tMum; e,fjcm;rSwfwdkifpdkufxlvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ a&ESpf
r*FvmcHNyD;ol c&pf,mefwpfa,muf tjypfqufvuf&efqdkonfrSm vGwfvyfcGifhay;cJhNyD;aomuRefwpf
a,muf ,cifolYocifxH qufvufuRefcHouJhodkYvnf;aumif; (a&mr 6;1-4/ 15-23)? rkqdk;rwpf
a,mufonf ]]olYa,musfm;ESifh w&m;Oya'\csnfaESmifjcif;atmuf qufvufSdaejcif;}}uJhodkY (p.281
-82. a&mr 7;1-6)vnf;aumif; jzpfaeayrnf/
James S. Stewart \A Man in Christ pmtkyfola&;om;onfrSm
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onf tjypfESifhtNyD;tjywf cGefESifh tm;ESifh cGJxGwfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ (p. 187-88)
6;2]]xdkodkY rnfonfhtcgrQ rjzpf&}}if;onf pdwfqE(0g)qkawmif;jcif;ESifhqdkifaom o'goHk;EIef;yHk
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em;vnfrIvTJrSm;yHkESifh if;tm; wvTJtoHk;jyKMujcif;tay: aygvkwkefvIyfxdwfvefYrdyHkESifh pufqkyfGHSmyHkudk
azmfjyonf/ (3;4? 6)/
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onfhyk'frsKd;jzpfNyD; ]]igwdkYaoqHk;cJhMuNyD}}[k t"dyg,fSdonf/ tcef;BuD;xJ ]]tjypf}}tm; tenf;udef;jzifh
193

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tm;jzifh wifpm;azmfjyavhSdonf/ olwdkYonf tjypftm; tSifociftjzpf remcHMuawmhacs/
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ajrmufw&m;a'oem aemifw&jcif;tm;azmfjyaomfvnf;? a&ESpfr*FvmudkrlrajymcJhaMumif; owd&&efvdk
onf/ (3;19/ vkum 24;17)/ ESpfjcif;r*FvmrSm a,Iudk,fwdkif erlemjycJhonfht&mwpfckjzpfonf/ (rJ
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Curtis Vaughan

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qufpyfyHkwdkYudkazmfjyonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfESifhtwl ol\taocHjcif; (6? 8;17)? ol\touf
194

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tm;azmfjy&ef AdwZHr*FvmudkoHk;onf/ (rmuk 10;38-39/ vkum 12;50)/ ae&m tav;teufjyKvdkonf
rSm AdwZHqdkif&m Mo0g'r[kwfbJ? c&pfawmf\taocHjcif;?oN*Kvfjcif;wdkYESifh c&pf,mef\topfaom &if;ESD;
uRrf;0ifonfh qufqHa&;jzpfonf/ c&pfawmf\AdwZH? ol\pdkufvuPmawmf? ,Zfaumiftjzpf rdrdudk,f
rdrday;vSLjcif;? r[mapcdkif;awmfrljcif;wdkY ,HkMunfolwdkYrSm xyfwlxyfrQjzpfMuonf/ tjypfonf olwdkYay:
wefcdk;rSdawmhacs!
6;4]]ol\taocHawmfrljcif; olESifhtwl AdwZHjyKjcif;cHjcif;tm;jzifh igwdkYonf olESifhtwl oN*Kvf
jcif;cHcJhMu\/}}aygvka&;onfhpmrsm;tm;vHk;rSmenf;wl tcef;BuD;xJvnf; sun (with)tm; aygif;pyfpum;
vHk;tjzpf trsm;tjym;oHk;onf/ ({zuf 2;5-6 oHk;cgawGY&onf)/
1/ sun + hapt = twloN*Kvf? i,f 4/ aum 2;12/ i,f 8vnf;Munfhyg/
2/ sun + phu = twlpdkufysKd;? i,f 5
3/ sun + stauro = vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSm twlkdufowfcH? i,f 6/ *v 2;20
4/ sun + za = twlwnfSd? i,f 8/ 2wd 2;11/ (twlao? twlpdk;pH)
]]igwdkYonf topfaomb0toufwm avQmufvSrf; EkdifMuap&efjzpf\/}}if;rSm AORIST ACTIVE
SUBJUNCTIVEac:pdwfqEazmfjyrIrsKd;jzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm ,HkMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfukd
c&pfawmfrSwqifh &SdcJhMuum? 0dnmOfawmf\usdef;0yfawmfrljcif;vnf; &cJhMuNyD;jzpfojzifh olwdkY\b0touf
wmrSm ajymif;vJae&rnfjzpfonf/ igwdkY\topfaomtoufwmaMumifh(zoe)u,fwifjcif;&Muonfr[kwfbJ?
if;rSm u,fwifjcif;\tusKd;&v'fjzpfonf/ (i,f 16? 19/ 8;4/ 13;13/ 14;15ESifh {zuf 1;4/ 2;8-9? 10/
,mukyf 2;14-20)/ if;rSm ,HkMunfjcif;avm? vkyfaqmifrIavm[l ar;cGef;xkwfjcif;r[kwfbJ? aemufquf
wGJ&v'fwpfckjzpfonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/oefUSif;pifMu,fapjcif;

tjypfom;rsm;onf aemifwESifh,HkMunfjcif;jzifh a,IbufvSnfhvmMuonfhtcg csufjcif;yif

ajzmifhrwfapjcif;ESifh oefUSif;pifMu,fapjcif; cHMuonf/ if;rSm c&pfawmftxJ olwdkU\topfaom &yfwnfrI
jzpfonf/ c&pfawmf\ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;udk olwdkUtwGuf oGyfoGif;ay;vdkufonf/ (a&mr 4)/ olwdkUonf
rSefuef oefUSif;olrsm;tjzpf aMumfjimay;jcif;cHMuonf/ (w&m;kH;awmfoabmjzihf bk&m;Sif\vkyfaqmifrI)
odkUaomf "ropfusrf;onf ,HkMunfolrsm;udk oefUSif;pifMu,f&ef awmif;qdkonf/ if;onf a,I
c&pfawmf NyD;pD;chJaomtvkyfxJ "roabmt& &yfwnfcsufjzpfonfhjyif? ol\pdwfaeoabmxm;ESifhwl&ef
zdwfac:rIvnf;jzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;rSm tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfum? toufSifjcif;yHkpHtvHk;pHkESifhtrQ wefbdk;Sd
onfenf;wl oefUSif;pifMu,fjcif;vnf;jzpfonf/
tpjyKwHkUjyefrI
wref 20;23/ 26;18
a&mr 15;16

c&pfawmfESifh ydkydkwljcif;
a&mr 6;19
2aum 7;1
195

1aum 1;2-3/ 6;11

2ouf 2;13
a[NAJ 2;11/ 10;10? 14/ 13;12
1ay 1;12

{zuf 1;4/ 2;10

1ouf 3;13/ 4;3-4? 7/ 5;23
1wd 2;15
2wd 2;12
a[NAJ 12;14
1ay 1;15-16

]]topfaomtoufwm}}/ ]]topf}}onf tcsdefumvtm;jzifh topfjzpfkHrQomr[kwfbJ? ta&twGuf

udkqdkvdkonf/ if;tm; arSd,,laqmifvmonfhtjrpfygvSefaom tajymif;tvJtm;ajym&ef enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh
"ropfoHk;onf/ if;wdkYrSm
1/ topfaomy#dnOfw&m;? vkum 22;20/ 1aum 11;25/ 2aum 3;6/ a[NAJ 8;8?13/ 9;15/
2/ topfaomapcdkif;rI? a,m 13;34/ 1a,m 2;7? 8/ 2a,m 5/
3/ topfaom zefqif;jcif;? 2aum 5;17/ *vm 6;15/
4/ topfaom toufwm? a&mr 6;4/
5/ topfaom 0dnmOf? a&mr 7;6/
6/ topfaomvl? {zuf 2;15/ 4;24/
7/ topfaomaumif;uifrsm;ESifh ajrBuD;? 2ay 3;13/ Asm 21;1/ (a[Sm, 66;22)
8/ topfaomemrnf? Asm 2;17/ 3;12 (a[Sm 62;2)
9/ topfaom a,kpvif? Asm 3;12/ 21;2/
10/ topfaom aw;oDcsif;? Asm 5;9/ 14;3 (a[Sm, 42;10)
]]c&pfawmf}}...xawmfrlonf...}}usrf;ydk'f om;awmfajympum;rsm;ESifh tvkyfrsm;udk crnf;awmfvufcH
um? auseyfaMumif; BuD;rm;aomtjzpftysufESpfrsKd;jzifhjyonf/
1/ vlaorsm;teufrS a,Ixjcif;?
2/ crnf;awmf\vusfmawmfbuf a,Iwufjcif;?
vlaorsm;\e,fy,frS a,Itm; xap&m oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\ yk*dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk; yg0ifvkyfaqmif
onf/ ti,f 9 ESifh 8;11 wdkU\ rSwfcsufrsm; tjynfhtpHkMunfhyg/
]]crnf;awmf\bkef;wefcdk;}} ]]bkef;wefcdk;}}taMumif; txl;taMumif;t&m 1;7 Munhfyg/
6;5]]vQif}}/ if;onf yxrwef;pmcRif;csufyg 0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD;? pma&;ol\tjrif rSefonf[krSwf,lxm;aom
t&m odkUr[kwf ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ aygvkonf pmzwfolrsm;udk ,HkMunfolrsm;tjzpf oabmxm;onf/
]]olESifhtwl aygif;pyfcJhMuNyD}} if;onf PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE ac: tjzpfrSefwpf&yftm; azmfjy
rIrsKd;jzpfum? ]]olESifhtwl aygif;pyfjcif;cHcJhMuNyDjzpf&m? qufvuf aygif;pyfMuOD;rnfjzpfonf}}(odkU)]]olESifh
twl pdkufysKd;jcif;cHcJhMuNyD;? qufvuf olESifhtwl pdkufysKd;Muonf}}[k bmomjyefEkdifonf/ ormw&m;
onf "roabmw&m;t& a,m[ef 15 u ]]wnfaejcif;}}-abiding ESifh tvm;wljzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;
onf a,I\aoqHk;jcif; xyfwlxyfrQjzpfcJhMuNyDqdkvQif (*vm 2;19-20/ aum 2;20/ 3;3-5) ol\Sifjyef
xajrmufaomtoufwm xyfwlxyfrQ jzpfMu&rnfrSm "roabmw&m;enf;usjzpfonf/ (i,f 10)
196

a&ESpfr*Fvmtm; aoqHk;jcif;tjzpf Oyrmwifpm;jcif;rSm atmufygwdkUudk jyo&efjzpfonf/

1/ igwdkUonf toufwma[mif;? y#dnOfw&m;a[mif; aocJhMuNyD
2/ igwdkUonf 0dnmOfawmfy#dnOfw&m;opf toufSifcJhMuNyD
xdkUaMumifh c&pf,mef a&ESpfr*Fvmonf "ra[mif;usrf;\ aemufqHk;ya&mzufjzpfol ESpfjcif;q&m
a,m[ef\ a&ESpfr*FvmESifhrwlacs/ ESpfjcif;r*Fvmonf ueOD;toif;awmf ,HkMunfoltopfrsm;onf
rdrdwdkU\,HkMunfrItm; tay:wif0efcHjcif;jyK&ef tcGifhaumif;jzpfonf/ ESpfjcif;cHrnfholvdkufqdk&ef ueOD;
tapmqHk;umvrsm; oHk;onfhtqdkrSm ]]a,Ionf ocifjzpfaMumif; tuREfkyf,HkMunfyg\}}[ljzpfonf/
(a&mr 10;9-13)/ uJhodkU tay:wifaMumfjimjcif;rSm apmapmu jzpfysufawGUMuHKcJhonfht&mtm; tcef;t
em;jzifh vufawGUjyojcif;?w&m;0ifjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ ESpfjcif;r*Fvmonf tjypfvTwfjcif;twGuf ,E&m;? u,f
wifjcif;(0g)0dnmOfawmf <ua&mufvmjcif;r[kwfbJ? vlodSifMum; t"dXgefjyKjcif;ESifh 0efcHjcif;tcgor, jzpf
onf/(wref 2;38)/ odkUaomf if;rSm pdwfBudKufr[kwfacs/ xdkodkUjyK&ef a,Iapcdkif;cJhonf/ (rJ 28;1920)/ OyrmjyocJhum? rJ 3/ rmuk 1/ vkum 3) if;onf wrefawmfrsm;\a[majymrIrsm; wpfu@tjzpf
yg0ifNyD;? wrefawmf0wK qufvufusifhoHk;onf/
6;6
]]igwdkY\Zmwda[mif;onf olESifht wl vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSm owfjcif;cHcJhNyDjzpfaMumif;
odSdvsuf}}
NKJV
]]igwdkY\vla [mif;onf olESifhtwl vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSm owfjcif;cHcJhNyDjzpfaMumif; odSd
vsuf}}
NRSV
]]igwdkY\Zmwda[mif;onf olESifht wl vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSm owfjcif;cHcJhNyDjzpfaMumif;
igwdkYodSdMu\}}
TEV
]]igwdkYod&onfrSm igwdkY\tjzpfa[mif;onf c&pfawmfESifhtwl? ol\vuf0g;uyfwdkif
rSm aoqHk;apjcif; cHcJhNyD}}
NJB
]]igwdkY\,cifZmwdonf olESifht wl vuf0g;uyfwdki frSm owfjcif;cHcJhNyDjzpfaMumif;
oabmayguf&ygrnf}}
if;rSm jzpfNyD; ]]igwdkY\Zmwda[mif;onf 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSm owfjcif;cHcJhNyD}}[l
jzpf\/ tjyKcHBud,m onf bk&m;\vkyfaqmifrIjzpfaMumif;jyonf/ ormw&m;rSm atmifjrifaomc&pf
,meftoufwmtwGuf tqHk;tjzwfay;aomt&mjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf tjypfESifh rdrdwdkY\qufpyfrI
topfudk oabmayguf&ygrnf/ (*v 2;20/ 6;24)/ vlom;\usqif;aom Zmwda[mif;onf (tm'HrS&aom
obm0)c&pfawmfESifhtwl aoqHk;cJhNyD/ (i,f 7/ {zuf 4;22 ESifh aum 3;9) ,HkMunfolrsm;taejzifh rlvtpOf
tm'HjyKcJhonfenf;wl tjypfESifhqdkif aG;cs,fp&mwpfckSdonf/
NASB

NASB, NKJV ]]tjypf E S i f h q d k i f a om igwd k Y \ ud k , f c Em onf zsuf o d r f ; jcif ; cH a p&ef t vd k Y i S g }}

NRSV
]]tjypfESifhqkdifaom udk,fcEmonf zsufqD;cHapjcif;iSg}}
TEV
]]tjypfESifhjynhfaom Zmwd\wefcdk;onf zsufqD;cH&eftvdkUiSg}}
NJB
]]tjypfESifhjynfhaom udk,fcEmtm; zsufqD;&ef}}
aygvkonf ]]udk,fcEm}}body (soma)pum;vHk;tm; ydkifqdkifjcif;jypum;pktawmfrsm;rsm;ESifhwGJoHk;onf/

1/ tjypfESifhqdkifaom udk,fcEm? a&mr 6;6

197

2/ aojcif;ESifhqdkifaom udk,fcEm? a&mr 7;24

3/ aoG;om;ESihfqdkifaom udk,fcEm? aum 2;11
aygvkajymonfrSm tjypfESifhawmfvSefykefuefjcif; uyfumv\kyfcEmjzpfonf/ a,I\jyefSifx
ajrmufaom udk,fcEmrSm ajzmifhrwfjcif; uyfumvopfqdkif&m udk,fcEmjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;17)/ kyfcEmrSm
jyem (*&dawG;ac:ynm) r[kwfyJ? tjypfESifh ykefuefawmfvSefjcif;rSm jyemjzpfonf/ cEmudk,frSm
qdk;,kwfonfr[kwfacs/ c&pf,mefonf kyfcEmjzifh xm0&ae&rnf[laom,HkMunfrIudk twnfjyKonf/
(1aum 15)/ odkUaomf kyfcEmonf pHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;? tjypfESifhZmwd (tw)wdkU\ ppfajrjyifjzpfonf/
if; AORIST PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE onf pdwfqEtm; azmfjyrItoHk;tEIef;rsKd;jzpfonf/ ]]zsufodrf;}}
done away with qdkonfrSm ]]tvkyfrvkyf EdkifatmifjyKonf}} ]]wefckd;rJhaponf}} (0g)]]xkwfvkyfjcif;rjyKatmif
jyKonf}}[ljzpfNyD; ]]zsufqD;onf}}qdkonfht"dyg,f rSdacs/ if;rSm aygvkESpfoufonfh pum;vHk;jzpfum
tBudrfESpfq,fhig;BudrfausmfoHk;onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ysufjy,f qdwfokef;onf(katarge)
Munfhyg/ 3;3/ igwdkU\kyfcEmonf Mum;aejzpfaomfvnf; tqufrjywfaom0dnmOfwdkufyGJ\ ppfajrjyifjzpf
onf/ (i,f 12-13/ 5;12-21/ 12;1-2)
6;7 ]]aoqHk;cJhNyD;olonf tjypfESifhvGwfonf}}if;onf AORIST ACTIVE PARTICIPLE ESifh PERFECT
PASSIVE INDICATIVE ESpfrsKd;pvHk;jzpfum]]aocJhNyD;olonf tjypfrSvGwfcJhNyD;jzpf&m qufvufvGwfonf}}
[kt"dyg,fSdonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmftxJ topfzefqif;jcif;cHolrsm;jzpfMuojzifh tjypfESifh? tm'H
usqif;&mrS tarGqufcH&Sdaom tw\uRefjyKjcif;rS u,fvGwfjcif;cHcJhMuNyD;? qufvuf u,fvGwf
jcif;cHMuonf/ (7;1-6)
]]vGwfajrmufonf}}qdkonfhpum;vHk;tm; bmomjyef&m *&da0g[m&rSm tpydkif;tcef;BuD;rsm;
]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}tjzpf bmomjyefonfhpum;vHk;yifjzpfonf/ (ASV)/ usrf;ydk'f ]]vGwfajrmufap onf}}
(NKJV,NRSV)u ydkt"dyg,fSdaponf/ (if;ESifhqifwl oHk;EIef;rItm; wref 13;39 Munfhyg)/ pum;vHk;\
t"dyg,fudk tqHk;tjzwfay;onfrSm pmtquftpyfyifjzpfNyD; tbd"gefrsm;(0g)o'genf;ynmydkif;qdkif&m
t"dyg,fowfrSwfcsufrsm;r[kwfaMumif; owd&yg/ pum;vHk;rsm;onf 0gusrsm;tm;jzifhom t"dyg,fSdum?
0gusrsm;onf pmydk'frsm;tm;jzifhom t"dyg,fSdonf/
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / / 6;8-11
8
igwdkUonf ,ckc&pfawmfESihftwl aoqHk;cJhMuNyDqdkvQif? olESihftwl toufSifMurnf[kvnf;
,HkMunfMu\/ 9c&pfawmfonf aojcif;rS jyefxcJhNyD; aojcif;ESifhtpOf uif;vGwfawmfrlonfudk
odSd&Mu\/ aojcif;w&m;onf aemufwzef udk,fawmfudkrtkyfpdk;/ 10taMumif;rlum;? udk,fawmf
taocHawmfrl&mrSm tjypfaMumifh wpfcgwnf;ESifhtNyD;wdkiftwGuf taocH\/ toufSif&mrSm
11
bk&m;ociftbdkU toufSifawmfrl\/ odkUjzpf oifwdkUonf tjypfw&m;ESifhqdkif vla otjzpf
vnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocifESifhqkdif c&pfawmfa,ItxJ toufSifoltjzpfvnf;aumif; udk,fudk
udk,frSwf,lMuavmh/
6;8 ]]vQif}}if;onf yxrwef;pm; cRif;csufyg 0gusrsKd;jzpfum? pma&;ol\tjrif trSef[krSwf,ljcif;(0g)
ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfol\a&ESpfr*Fvmonf c&pfawmfESifhtwl aoqHk;cJhaMumif;tm; jrifEdkifaom
Oyrmjzifh jyojcif;jzpfonf/
198

]]igwdkUonf olESihftwl toufSifMurnf}}/taMumif;t&monf ]],ckae&m? ,cktcsdef}}udk ajymjcif;jzpf

NyD;(1a,m 1;7) tem*wfoufoufrQomr[kwfacs/ ti,f 5 onf c&pfawmf\taocHjcif;udk igwdkUa0rQ
&SdyHk taMumif;ajymNyD;? ti,f 8 rl udk,fawmf\toufSifjcif;tm; igwdkUa0rQ&SdMuyHk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
if;onf bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmftaMumif; ormusrf;enf;ust,l0g'ESifh wpfrsKd;wpfpm;wnf;jzpfonf/
if;onf ae&m? tcsdefESpfrsKd;jzpfaomfvnf;? tem*wfumv Sdaeao;onf/ tcrJh aus;Zl;awmfonf
rdrdudk,frdrd xdef;csKyfrIjzpfay:apNyD;? vkyfydkifcGifhvdkifpifr[kwfacs/
6;9 ]]aojcif;rS xcJhNyD;}}if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfNyD; ]]aojcif;rS xapjcif;cHcJhNyD}}[ljzpf
onf/ (AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE taMumif; 6;4 Munfhyg)/
a,Iaojcif;rSjyefx&m oHk;yg;wpfql bk&m;\yk*dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk;yg0ifaMumif; "ropfusrf;
twnfjyKonf/
1/ 0dnmOfawmf (a&mr 8;11)
2/ om;awmf (a,m 2;19-22/ 10;17-18)
3/ crnf;awmfukdrl rMumcPazmfjyavhSdonf/ (wref 2;24? 32/ 3;15? 26/ 4;10/ 5;30/ 10;40/ 13;30?
33? 34? 37/ 17;31/ a&mr 6;4? 9)
crnf;awmf\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;rSm a,I\toufSifjcif;? taocHjcif;ESifhoGefoifrIwdkUudk olvufcH
awmfrlaMumif; twnfjyKay;jcif;jzpfonf/ if;rSm wrefawmfrsm;\ ueOD;w&m;a'oem\ t"dutcsufjzpf
onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ueOD;toif;awmfa[majymaomt&m(kerygma) 1;2 Munfhyg/

NASB
]]aojcif;w&m;onf aemufwzef udk,fawmfukd ocifrvkyf}}
NKJV, NRSV ]]aojcif ; w&m;onf aemuf w zef ud k , f a wmf u d k rtk y f p d k ; }}
TEV
]]aojcif;w&m;onf aemufwzef udk,fawmfudk rtkyfcsKyf}}
NJB
]]aojcif;w&m;onf udk,fawmftay: wefcdk;rSdawmhacs}}
Bud,m kurieu onf kurios(i.e, Lord- tSif) a0g[m&rSvmjcif;jzpfNyD; ]]ydkifSif}} ]]ocif}} ]]cifyGef;
onf}} (0g)]]tSif}}[lt"dyg,fSdonf/ a,Ionf ,cktcg aojcif;w&m;ay: tSifocifjzpfonf/ (Asm
1;18) a,Ionf jyefSifxajrmufjcif;\ tOD;oD;jzpfonf/ vltcsKdUwdkUrSm
1/ toufSifvsufESifhyif aumif;uifbHkodkU ,laqmifjcif;cHcJhMuonf/ ({aemESifh{vd,)
2/ cEmtoufjyef&cJhMuonf/ (odkYaomf vlY"rwmtwdkif; jyefaoqHk;oGm;Muonf)
a,IomvQif uyfumvtopf cEmudk,fESifh toufjyefSifolwpfOD;wnf;aomyk*dKvfjzpfonf/ a,I
onf aojcif;w&m;\wefcdk;tm; yxrqHk; zsufqD;oljzpfonf/ (1aum 15)
6;10 ]]taMumif;rlum;? udk,fawmftaocHawmfrl&mrSm tjypfaMumifh...taocH\}}a,Ionf tjypfESifh
jynfhaomavmu toufSifcJhaomfvnf; tjypfrjyKbl;cJhacs/ tjypfESihfjynfhaomavmuonf olUudk vuf0g;
uyfwdkifay:owfonf/ (a[NAJ 10;10)/ vlom;rsKd;EG,fbuf a,Itpm;xdk; taocHjcif;onf ynwfw&m;
\awmif;qdkrIrsm;udk acszsufum? if;wdkUtay: atmifjriftEdkif,lcJhonf/ (*vm 3;13/ aum 2;13-14)/
]]wpfcgwnf;ESifh tNyD;wdkiftwGuf}}usrf;ydk'f aygvkonf a,Ium; pifwifcHjcif;tm; tav;teu
jyKazmfjyonf/ tjypftwGuf wpfcgwnf;ESifh tNyD;wdkiftwGuf ol\taocHjcif;onf ol\aemufawmfvdkuf
rsm;tm; tjypfw&m;ESifhqdkif aoaomolrsm;jzpfaponf/
199

a,Ionf ,Zfaumiftjzpf wpfcgwnf; taocHjcif;rSm tqHk;wdkiftwGufjzpfaMumif; a[NAJMo0g'pm

vnf; tav;teufjyK azmfjyonf/ wpfcgwnf;ESihftNyD;wdkif u,fwifaomtjypfvGwfjcif;onf
tpOftNrJ tNyD;tjywfjzpfonf/ (wpfcg (ephapax) 7;27/ 9;12/ 10;10 ESifh ]]tNrJwrf;^tNyD;tjywf}} (hapax)
6;4/ 9;7? 26? 27? 28/ 10;2/ 12;26? 27)
]]toufSif&mrSm? bk&m;ociftwGuf toufSifawmfrl\/}}ti,f 10\ AORIST ESpfrsKd;wdkUonf
ti,f 10 \aemufqHk;tydkif;u PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE ESpfrsKd;wdkUESifh qefUusifbufjzpfonf/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfESifhtwl aoqHk;onf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmftm;jzifh bk&m;ociftwGuf
toufSifonf (*vm 2;19-20)/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\yef;wdkifrSm tjypfvGwfjcif; (ajzmifhrwfapjcif;)
rQomvQifr[kwfbJ? bk&m;ociftm; tapcHjcif; (oefUSif;pifMu,fapjcif;) jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolwdkUudk
u,fwifjcif;rSm tapcH&efjzpfonf!
6;11 ]]odkUjzpf oifwdkUonf tjypfw&m;ESifhqdkif vlaotjzpf...udk,fudkudk ,f rSwf,lMuavmh}}
if;onf PRESENT MIDDLE(usrf;usdef xGufqdkcsuf) IMPERATIVE jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;twGufay;
onfh qufvufvsufSdaom? tusifhoabmjzpfaom apcdkif;jcif;jzpfonf/ rdrdwdkUtwGuf c&pfawmfvkyfay;
onfht&mtm; c&pf,mefu odrSwfjcif;onf aeUpOftoufwmtwGuf tjywfqHk;jzwfcsufay;aomt&mjzpf
onf/ ]]rSwf,l}}-consider (4;4? 9) a0g[m&rSm pm&if;udkifjcif;qdkif&m a0g[m&jzpfum ]]aocsmpGm wGufcsuf}}
NyD;aemuf if;twdkif;vkyfaqmifjcif;jzpfonf/ ti,f 1-11 onf c&pfawmftxJ vlwpfa,muf\&yfwnf
csuf(&yfwnfcsufqdkif&m oefUSif;pifMu,fjcif;)udk todtrSwfjyKum? ti,f 12-13 onf udk,fawmfESifhtwl
avQmufvSrf;jcif;(wdk;wufjzpfay:aom oefUSif;jcif;)udk txl;jyKonf/ ti,f 4 u txl;taMumif;t&mudk
Munfhyg/

NASB, NRSV
TEV, NJB

]]c&pfawmf a,I}}
NKJV
]]igwdkU\ ocifc&pfawmf a,I}}
ydk wdkawmif;aomyHkpHudk MSS P46, A, B, D, F, G wdkUoHk;onf/ UBS4 onf if;udk ]]A}}tqifh
(aocsm)owfrSwfonf/ jznfhpGufaompum;pkrSm (MSS P94, Aleph, C) ydkapmjzpfaomfvnf; usrf;a&;ul;
olwpfOD;u ti,f 23 rS jznfhpGufjcif;jzpf[efSdonf/ BuD;rm;onfh vufa&;usrf;uGJtrsm;pkenf;wl if;onf
rl&if;t"dyg,ftm; tenf;tusOf;rQom uGJjym;jcm;em;aponf/
NASB

(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/

12

/ 6;12-14

xdkUaMumifh oifwdkU\aowwfaomudk,fcEmwyfrufjcif;tvdkodkU vdkuf&onftxd? tjypf

13
w&m;tm; oifwdkUudk,fcEmudkrtkyfpdk;apESifh/ oifwdkU\udk,ft*Fgrsm;udk raumif;rIwefqmyvmrsm;
tjzpf? tjypfw&m; tm;qufvuf rqufoMuESifh/ odkUaomf aojcif;rStoufSifvmolrsm;taejzifh?
oifwdkU\udk,ft*Fgrsm;tm; ajzmifhrwfjcif;wefqmyvmtjzpf bk&m;ociftm; qufuyfMuavmh/
14
taMumif;rlum; oifwdkUonf ynwfw&m;vufatmufSdonfr[kwfbJ? aus;Zl;awmfw&m;vuf
atmufSdMuonfjzpf tjypfw&m;onf oifwdkUtay: ocifrvkyf&/
200

6;12 ]]xdkUaMumifh...tjypfw&m;tm; oifwdkUudk,fcEmudk rtkyfpdk;apESihf}}if;onf PRESENT ACTIVE

IMPERATIVE ESifh NEGATIVE PARTICLE wGJxm;jcif;jzpfNyD; qufvufjzpfay:aeaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfck
tm; &yfwHhvdkufonf[kqdkvdkonf/ ]]tkyfpdk;}}[laom a0g[m&onf 5;17-21 ESifh 6;23 wdkUESifhqufpyfonf/
aygvkonf "roabmw&m;tawmfrsm;rsm;tm; vltjzpfwifpm;onf/
1/ aojcif;w&m;onf bk&iftjzpf tkyfpdk;onf (5;14? 17/ 6;23)
2/ aus;Zl;awmfw&m;onf bk&iftjzpf tkyfpdk;onf/ (5;21)
3/ tjypfw&m;onf bk&iftjzpf tkyfpdk;onf/ (6;12? 14)
ar;cGef;rSm rdrdtoufwm tkyfpdk;olrnfolenf; [ljzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;aG;cs,f&ef tpGrf;
wefcdk;c&pfawmfSdMuonf! wpfOD;csif;? a'oE&toif;awmfESifh bk&m;ocif\ EkdifiHawmf\0rf;enf;bG,f&m
rSm ,HkMunfolrsm;onf aus;Zl;awmfw&m;udkajym&if;jzifh twESifhtjypftm; aG;cs,fonfhtcgjzpfonf!
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf pdk;pHjcif;taMumif; 5;17? 18 Munfhyg/
6;13 ]]oifwdkU\udk,ft*Fgrsm;udk tjypfw&m;tm; qufvufrqufoMuESifh}}/ if;rSm PRESENT
ACTIVE IMPERATIVE ESifh NEGATIVE PARTICLE wGJxm;jcif;jzpfNyD;? qufvufjzpfay:aeaomvkyfaqmif
rIwpfcktm; &yfwhHapjcif;jzpfonf/ if;onf ,HkMunfolrsm;\toufwm tjypfxJqufvufoGm;Edkifjcif;
tvm;vmtm;azmfjyonf/ (7;1/ 1a,m 1;8 2;1)/ odkUaomf tjypfjyK&efvdktyfrIonf ,HkMunfolESihf c&pf
awmf\awmfpyfrI (qufpyfrI)topfxJ okwfoifz,fSm;jcif; cHcJh&NyDjzpfonf/ (ti,f 1-11)/
]]wefqmyvmrsm;tjzpf}}a0g[m& (hoplon)onf]]ppfom;rsm;\vufeufrsm;}} udknTef;qdkonf/ (13;12/
a,m 18;3/ 2aum 6;7/ 10;4)/ uRefawmfwdkU\udk,fcEmonf pHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;twGuf ppfajrjyifjzpf
onf/ (12-13/ 12;1-2/ 1aum 6;20/ zd 1;20)/ uRefawmfwdkU\toufSifjcif;yHkpHonf {0Ha*vdowif;
aumif;udk vlodSifMum; cif;usif;jyoonf/
]]bk&m;ociftm; qufoMuavmh}}if;onf AORIST ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfNyD;? qHk;jzwfcsufcs&ef
zdwfac:jcif;jzpfonf/ (12;1)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf if;udku,fwifjcif;&pOfu jyKcJhaomfvnf;? rdrd\b0
wavQmufvHk; qufvufvkyfaqmifoGm;&ygrnf/
usrf;ydk'fSd tvm;wl pmom;rsm;udk rSwfom;yg/
1/ Bud,mtwlwljzpfNyD;? ESpfckpvHk; apcdkif;aprIjzpfonf
2/ wdkufyGJtm; wifpm;oHk;EIef;rIrsm;
(u) raumif;rI vufeufrsm;
(c) ajzmifhrwfjcif; vufeufrsm;
3/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkU\udk,fcEmrsm;udk tjypfw&m;tm;jzpfap? bk&m;ociftm;jzpfap quf
oEkdifonf/ usrf;csufi,fonf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm;&nfnTef;NyD; aG;cs,frIqufvufonf?
wdkufyGJ qufvufjzpfyGg;onf[kqdkvdkonf/ (6;12? 19/ 1aum 6;18-19/ {zuf 6;10-18)
6;14 ]]tjypfw&m;onf oifwdkUtay: ocifrvkyf&}} if;rSm FUTURE ACTIVE INDICATIVE (qmvH
19;13) ac:tjzpfrSefwpf&yftm; azmfjyrIrsKd;jzpfNyD;? IMPERATIVE ac:cdkif;apjcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfum ]]tjypfw&m;
onf oifwdkUtay: rtkyfpdk;&}}[ljzpfonf! tjypfonf ,HkMunfolrsm;ay: ocifrvkyf&acs! taMumif;rSm
if;onf c&pfawmf\ocifr[kwfaomaMumifhwnf;/ (i,f 9/ a,m 16;33)
201

NASB

(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 6;15-19

15

odkUjzpfvQif tb,fodkUenf;? igwdkUonf ynwfw&m;atmufrSdbJ? aus;Zl;awmfw&m;

16
atmufSdaomaMumifh tjypfjyKMurnfavmh? rnfonfhtcgrQrjzpf&/ tMuifoltm; emcHaomuRef
tjzpf oifwdkU udk,foifwdkU0ifaomtcg oifwdkUonf aojcif;udkjzpfyGg;apaom tjypfw&m;ESifhqdkif
jzpfap? ajzmifhrwfjcif; udkjzpfyGg;apaom emcHjcif;w&m;ESifhqdkifjzpfap? oifwdkUemcH&aomol\aus;
17
uRefrsm;jzpfMuonfudk rodMuoavmh? oifwdkUonf tjypfw&m;\uRefjzpfcJhMuaomfvnf;? oifwdkU
udk tyfESHaomoGefoifrIyHkpHudk pdwfESvHk;yg vsufem;axmifMuonfjzpf bk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifyg
onf/ 18oifwdkUonf tjypfw&m;rS vGwfajrmufap jcif;cHcJhMuNyD;? ajzmifhrwfjcif;\aus;uRefrsm;
jzpfvmMu\/ 19oifwdkU\ZmwdyuwdOmPf enf;yg;ojzifh igonf vl\a0g[m&tm;jzifh ajymaejcif;
jzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh oifwdkYonf rdrdwdkU\udk,ft*Fgrsm;udk npfnrf;jcif;ESifh t"rtrI uRefcHapcJh
Muum? aemufxyft"rtrIrsm; jzpfyGg;aponfenf;wl? ajzmifhrwfjcif; uRefcHapum? oefUSif;pif
Mu,fjcif;udk jzpfyGg;apMuavmh/
6;15 if;rSm ar;cGef;xkwfolwpfOD; Sdae[efjzifha&;aom (a0zefjypfwifpm) 'kwd,ajrmufpmjzpfNyD; 6;1
ESifhqifwlonf/ ESpfckpvHk;onf c&pf,mefrsm; tjypfjyKjcif;ESifhqdkifaom uGJjym;onfhar;cGef;rsm;udk tajzay;Mu
onf/ ti,f 1 onf tjypfjyKcGifh&aom vdkifpiftjzpf toHk;rjyKonfh aus;Zl;awmftaMumif;jzpfNyD;? ti,f
15url c&pf,mefonf tjypfESihfqdkifaomvkyfaqmifrIwdkif;tm; wdkufcdkuf&ef(0g)ckcH&ef vdktyfaMumif;ajym
onf/ wpfcsdefwnf;yif ,HkMunfolonf ,cifu tjypftm;tapcHcJhonfh pdwftm;xufoefrIrsKd;jzifhyif ,ck
tcg bk&m;ociftm; tapcH&efjzpfonf/ (6;14)

NASB, NKJV
]]tjypfjyKMuOD;rnfavm}}
TEV
NRSV
]]tjypfjyKcJhMuOD;rnfavm}}
NJB
]]igwdkUonf tjypfjyKvdku jyKEkdif&efvGwfajrmuf}}
Williams ESifh Phillips wdkU\ bmomjyefusrf;ESpfrsKd; AORIST ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE

tm;
PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE tjzpf ti,f 1 rSmenf;wl bmomjyefMuonf/ if;rSm qDavsmfjcif; rSdacs/
atmufygtvm;wl bmomjyefrIrsm;udkMunfhyg/
1/ KJV, ASV, NIV ]]igwdkUonf tjypfjyKMuOD;rnfavm}}
2/ The Centenary Translation]]igwdkUonf tjypfSdaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfck usL;vGefMuOD;rnfavm}}
3/ RSV ]]igwdkUonf tjypfjyKMu&efavm}}
ar;cGef;rSm *&dbmom tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfNyD; tajzrSm]][kwfygonf}}[kjzpfonf/ if;rSm orm
w&m;tm;ajymjy&m aygvkoHk;onfh tjiif;tcHkjyKol Sdav[efa&;om;rIrsKd;jzpfonf/ tcef;i,f rSm;,Gif;
aomMo0g'wpf&yftm; azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf! olonf if;tm; tajzay;&m olUenf;twkdif;]]rnfonfhtcgrQ
xdkodkUrjzpf&}}[l tajzay;onf/ bk&m;ocif\ tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfjzpfonfh tjrpfygvSef ajymif;vJypfvdkuf
onfh aygvk\{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;udk rSm;,Gif;aomq&morm;rsm;pGm em;vnfrIvTJrSm;um? rSm;,Gif;pGm
toHk;jyKcJhMuonf/

202

6;16 ar;cGef;onf ]][kwfygonf}}[laomtajzudk arQmfvifhonf/ vlom;rsm;onf wpfpHkwpf&m(0g)wpfpHk

wpfa,mufudk tapcHMuonf/ oifhb0udk rnfoltkyfcsKyfoenf;? tjypfw&m;uvm;? bk&m;ocifuvm;?
vlom;rsm;emcHjcif;jyKonfht&monf rnfolUtm; olwdkUtapcHaMumif;jyonf/ (*vm 6;7-8)
6;17 ]]bk&m;ociftm; aus;Zl;wifygonf}}aygvkonf rMumcPyif bk&m;ociftm; csD;rGrf;jcif;ESifh
jynfhavhSdonf/ ola&;onfhpmrsm;onf ol\qkawmif;rIrsm;rS pD;qif;vmum? ol\qkawmif;csufrsm;onf
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm; oduRrf;&mrS pD;qif;vmonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /aygvk\qkawmif;rI?
csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihf bk&m;ociftm; aus;Zl;wifjcif;rsm;taMumif; 7;25 Munfhyg/
]]oifwdkU...cJhMuum...Muonfjzpf...}}twdwfutjypfudk uRefcHcJhMuNyD;? ,ckrl olwdkUonf qefUusif
ykefuefrIrjyKawmhaMumif;tm; azmfjyonf/
]]Mo0g'yHkpHudk pdwfESvHk;ygvsuf em;axmifMuonf}}/ ae&m azmfjyonfrSm ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&Sdjcif;onf aeUpOfc&pfawmfESifh ydkydkwlvmjcif;odkU OD;wnfaeap&vdrfh
rnfjzpfonf/
oGefoifrI(teaching)qkdonfh a0g[m&onf wrefawmfrsm;\ oGefoifrIrsm;(0g){0Ha*vdowif;aumif;
udk&nfnTef;onf/
]]pdwfESvHk;}}-heart txl;taMumif;t&m/

/ ESvHk; 1;24 Munfhyg/

]]oifwdkUudk tyfESHaom oGefoifrIyHkpH}}

]]oifwdkUudk ay;tyfaom Mo0g'yHkpH}}
]]oifwdkUudk ,HkMunftyfESHaom oGefoifrIyHkpH}}
]]oifwdkUvufcH&Sdaom oGefoifrI awGU&onfh ormw&m;}}
]]oifwdkUtm; ac:aqmifoGm;&m oGefoifrIerlem}}
if;onf 1aum 15;1 ESifhtvm;wljzpfum? ,HkMunfolrsm;Mum;odcJhMuNyD;? vufcHcJhMuonfh
{0Ha*vdormw&m;rsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;[lonf
1/ vufurf;BudKqdkjcif;jyK&ef vlyk*dKvfwpfOD;
2/ ,HkMunf&efjzpfonfh xdkyk*dKvftaMumif; ormw&m;
3/ xdkyk*dKvftm;vdkufum toufSifjcif; yHkpHwpfck

NASB
NKJV
NRSV, NIV
TEV
NJB

]]yHkpH}} atmufyg txl;taMumif;t&mMunfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/yHkpH

(TUPOS)
jyemrSm tupos pum;vHk;oHk;EIef;yHk trsKd;rsKd;Sdjcif;jzpfonf/
1/ Moulton ESifh Milligan wdkU\ The Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament, p. 645
(u) erlem (pattern)
203

(c)
(*)
(C)
(i)

pDrHudef; (plan)
yHkpH (odkU) pma&;[ef (form or manner of writing)
pD&ifcsuf (0g) qHk;jzwfcsuf
a&m*gaysmufuif;apaom ewfbk&m;wpfyg;tm; t"dXgefjyKum ay;vSLjcif;tjzpf vlom;\
udk,fcEmerlem
(p) Oya' (law - ynwfawmf) qdkif&mtcsufrsm;tm; twnfjyK&ef oHk;onfhBud,m
2/ Louw ESifh Nide wdkU\ Greek English Lexion, vol. 2, p. 249
(u) trmGwf (a,m[ef 20;25)
(c) kyfwkqif;wk (wref 7;43)
(*) yHkpH (a[NAJ 8;5)
(C) Oyrm? om"u (1aum 10;6/ zd 3;17)
(i) rlvyHkpH (a&mr 5;14)
(p) trsKd;tpm; (wref 23;25)
(q) yg0ifaomt&mrsm; (wref 23;25)
3/ Harold K. Moulton \The Analytical Greek Lexion Revised, p. 411
(u) xdk;ESufcsuf? wHqdyfcwfESdyfjcif;? trSwftom; (aum 20;25)
(c) tao;pdwfcs,frIef;jcif;
(*) kyfwkwpfck (wref 7;43)
(C) yHkaoenf; (udef;) wpfck? MuHpnfcsufwpfck (a&mr 6;17)
(i) yHkpH? qdkvdkcsuf (wref 23;25)
(p) toGifo@mef? tazmftzuf (1aum 10;6)
(q) BudKwifjyKaomtoGifo@mef? trsKd;tpm; (a&mr 5;14/ 1aum 10;11)
(Z) erlemyHkpH (wref 7;44/ a[NAJ 8;5)
(ps) udk,fusihfw&m;erlem (zd 3;17/ 1ouf 3;7/ 2ouf 3;9/ 1wd 4;12/ 1ay 5;3)
usrf;ydk'ftwGuf txufyg#ps rSmtaumif;qHk;jzpfvdrfhrnf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; Mo0g'ESifh
toufSifjcif;yHkpHoabm ESpfrsKd;pvHk;oabmyg0ifonf/ c&pfawmftxJ tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfaom u,fwif
jcif;onf c&pfawmfuJhodkU toufSifjcif;udkvnf; awmif;qdkonf!
6;18 ]]tjypfw&m;rS vGwfajrmufapjcif;cHcJhMuNyD}}/ if;onf AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf c&pfawmfvkyfonfhtvkyfrSwqifh 0dnmOfawmf\udk,fpm;vS,f vkyfaqmifrItm;
jzifh ,HkMunfolrsm;udk vGwfajrmufaponf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf tjypf\'PfrSvGwfajrmufapjcif; (ajzmifhrwf
apjcif;)ESifh tjypf\ pdk;rdk;rIrS vGwfajrmufapjcif; ESpfrsKd;pvHk; &SdcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ (oefUSif;pifMu,fapjcif;?
ti,f 7 ESifh wpfaeUaomtcgusvQif olwdkUonf tjypfSdae&mt&yfrSf vGwfajrmufapjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf/
(bkef;BuD;apjcif;? 8;29-30)/
]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;\aus;uRefrsm; jzpfvmMu\}}/ if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD; ]]oifwdkU
onf ajzmifhrwfjcif;\aus;uRefrsm;jzpfapjcif; cHMu&NyD;jzpfonf}}[ljzpf\/ txl;taMumif;t&m/
/
1;17 Munfhyg/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocifudk tapcH&eftvdkUiSg tjypfrSvGwfajrmufMuNyDjzpfonf! (14?
204

19? 22/ 7;4/ 8;2)/ tcrJhaus;Zl;awmf\yef;wdkifrSm bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom toufwmjzpfonf/ ajzmifhrwfap

jcif;rSm w&m;Oya'qdkif&m xkwfazmfausnmcsufenf;wl? vlyk*dKvftm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;Sdap&ef wGef;tm;
vnf;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkUudk u,fwifjcif;&Sdapvdkum? tjcm;olrsm;udkvnf; xdawGU
apvdkonf! aus;Zl;awmfonf ,HkMunfolwpfOD;csif;\u,fwifjcif;ESifh tqHk;owfjcif;rjyKacs/ (rJ 28;1820/ vkum 24;47/ wref 1;8)/
6;19 ]]oifwdkU\ ZmwdyuwdOmPfenf;yg;ojzifh igonf vl\a0g[m&jzifh ajymaejcif;jzpfonf}}
aygvkonf a&mrNrdKUSd ,HkMunfolrsm;udk ajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf rdrdMum;cJhonfh a'oE&jyoem
(*sL;,HkMunf olrsm;ESifh wyg;trsKd; ,HkMunfolrsm;tMum; remvdkrI) taMumif;ajymjcif;avm? odkUwnf;r[kwf
,HkMunfol tm;vHk;ESifhqdkifaom ormw&m;wpf&yftm; twnfjyKajymaejcif;avm? aygvkonf pum;pkudk
apmapmvnf; *vmwd 3;15 rSm enf;wl a&mr 3;5 oHk;cJhonf/
tcef;i,f 19 onf tcef;i,f 16 ESifh qifwljzpfonf/ aygvkonf rdrd\"roabmw&m;qdkif&m
t"dutcsufrsm;udk tav;teufjyK&ef xyfrH azmfjyavhSdwwfonf/ odkUaomf ]]oifwdkU\ZmwdyuwdOmPf
enf;aomaMumifh}}[kqdk&m teufjyefjcif;ESifh udkufnDjcif;rSdacs/ uRefpHepfudk txl;ojzifha&mrNrdKU
yxr&mpkESpf vlUtzGJUtpnf; tqdk;rjrifcJhMuacs/ if;rSm xdkacwfumv\ omrefxHk;wrf;pOfvm wpf&yfom
vQifjzpfonf/
]]aoG;om;Zmwd}} txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3 Munfhyg/
]]oefUSif;pifMu,fjcif;udk jzpfyGg;ap/}} if;onf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;\yef;wdkifjzpfonf/ (i,f 22)/ "ropf
usrf;onf a0g[m&udk u,fwifjcif;qdkif&m "roabmt"dyg,fESpfrsKd;jzifhoHk;onf/
1/ &yfwnfrIqdkif&m oefUSif;pifMu,fapjcif;/ if;onf bk&m;ocif\vufaqmifjzpfNyD; (yuwdwnf
Sdaomt"dyg,f) u,fwifjcif;&onfhtcsdef c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;
ESifhtwlay;onf/ (wref 26;18/ 1aum 1;2/ 6;11/ {zuf 5;26-27/ 1ouf 5;23/ 2ouf
2;13/ a[NAJ 10;10/ 13;12/ 1ay 1;2)/
2/ qufvufjzpfay:aom oefUSif;pifMu,fjcif;jzpfonf/ if;onfvnf; oefUSif;aom0dnmOfawmfrS
wqifhbk&m;ocif\vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/,HkMunfol\toufwmonfoefUSif;aom0dnmOfawmf
tm;jzifh c&pfawmf\o@mefESifh&ifhusufrIqDodkU ajymif;vJapjcif;cH&onf/ (yuwdwnfSdaom
t"dyg,fjzpfonf/ 2aum 7;1/ 1ouf 4;3? 7/ 1wd 2;15/ 2wd 2;21/ a[NAJ 12;10? 14)
xl;taMumif;t&m/
/ oefUSif;pifMu,fjcif; - 6;4 Munfhyg/
oefUSif;pifMu,fjcif;onf vufaqmifESifhapcdkif;jcif;ESpfrsKd;vHk;jzpfonf! if;rSm &yfwnfjcif;ESifh vkyf
aqmifrI(toufSifjcif;yHkpH) ESpfrsKd;pvHk;jzpfonf! if;onfINDICATIVE (tjzpfrSefwpfcktm; azmfjyjcif;)ESifh
IMPERATIVE (apcdkif;jcif;)jzpfonf! if;onf tpjyKcsdef a&mufSdvmonfrSefaomfvnf; tqHk;owfom
jynfhpHk&ifhusufonf/ (zd 1;6/ 2;12-13)
NASB

(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 6;20-23

20

oifwdkUonf tjypfw&m;\uRefjzpfcJhMupOf? ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;ESifh uif;vGwfMu\/ 21xdkU

aMumifh ,ckoifwdkUSufMu&onfh xdkt&mrsm;xJ rnfonfhtusKd;aus;Zl;&cJhMuoenf;/ taMumif;rl
um; xdkt&mrsm;aMumifh jzpfvmonfht&mrSm aojcif;jzpf\/ 22odkUaomf ,ckrl tjypfw&m;rS vGwf
205

ajrmufum? bk&m;ocif\uRefjzpfvmjcif;aMumifh oifwdkU&Sdonfh tusKd;aus;Zl;rSm oefUSif;apjcif;

jzpfNyD;? if;onf xm0&toufjzpfaponf/ 23taMumif;rlum; tjypf\tcrSm aojcif;w&m;jzpfaomf
vnf;? bk&m;ocif\tcrJhvufaqmifrSm igwdkU\ocifc&pfawmfa,ItxJu xm0&toufjzpf
ownf;/
6;20-21/ if;onf ti,f 18 ESifh 19 wdkU\qefUusifbuftm; dk;dk;av; azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfol
rsm;onf ocifwpfOD;wnf;udkom tapcHEkdifonf/ (vkum 16;13)
6;22-23/ tcef;i,frsm;onf wpfpHkwpfa,muftm; oltapcH&molu qyfay;onfh qufvufjzpfay:aom
tcrsm;udk azmfjyonf/ tjypftaMumif; aqG;aEG;rIESifh aus;Zl;awmfukdpl;pdkufaom,HkMunfol\ tqHk;owf
wdkUaMumifh bk&m;ociftm;aus;Zl;wifonf! tpyxr igwdkU\ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIrS&aomu,fwifjcif;
vufaqmifjzpfNyD;? if; aemufvdkufvmaom c&pf,meftoufwmonfvnf;? igwdkY\yl;aygif;yg0ifrIrSjzpf
vmonf/ ESpfckpvHk;rSm ,HkMunfjcif;ESifhaemifw&jcif;tm;jzifh vufcH&Sdaomvufaqmifrsm;jzpfonf/
6;22 ]]oifwdkY&Sdonfh tusKd;aus;Zl;rSm oefYSif;apjcif;jzpfNyD;? if;onf xm0&toufjzpfaponf/}}
]]tusKd;}}qdkonfrSm trSeftm;jzifh ti,f 21 oHk;onfh ]]toD;}}-fruit yifjzpfNyD;? tjypf\tusKd;qufudk
ajymjcif;jzpfaomfvnf; ti,f 22 rl bk&m;ociftm; tapcH&mrS jzpfvmaomtusKd;qufrsm;udk ajymjcif;
jzpfonf/ ,ckvwfwavmtusKd;aus;Zl;rSm ,HkMunfolonf c&pfawmfESifhwlvmjcif;jzpfonf/ tqHk;pGefaom
tusKd;aus;Zl;rSm ocifbk&m;ESifhwlae&jcif;ESifh? olESifhxm0&wlnDjcif;jzpfonf/ (1a,m 3;2)/ vwfwavm
tusKd;&vm'frSdygu (ajymif;vJaomtoufwm-Oyrm ,mukyf 2) tqHk;pGefaom&v'fudk w&m;0ifar;cGef;
xkwfEkdifonf/(xm0&touf rJ 7)/ ]]toD;roD;ygu? tjrpfrygjzpfonf/}}
6;23 if;rSm tcef;BuD;ajcmufwpfckvHk;\ tusOf;csKyfjzpfonf/ aygvkonf aG;cs,f&rnfht&mudk
aq;tjzLtrJ okwfjyxm;onf/ aG;cs,f&rnfrSm uRefawmfwdkYjzpfonf/ tjypfESifhaojcif;avm (0g) c&pfawmf
tm;jzifh tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfESifh xm0&toufavm? if;rSm "ra[mif;usrf;xJu ynmqdkifusrf;rsm;xJ
azmfjyonfh ]]vrf;ESpfvrff;}}ESifh tvGefqifwlonf/ (w&m; 30;1-17/ qm 1/ okwH 4/ 10-19/ rJ 7;1314)
]]tjypf\tc}}tjypfudk vlyk*dKvfuJhodkY wifpm;azmfjyyHkwdkYrSm (1) uRefydkifSifwpfOD; (2) ppfAdkvfcsKyfBuD;
wpfOD; odkYr[kwf (3) tbdk;tcrsm;ay;tyfonfh bk&ifBuD;wpfyg;wdkYjzpfonf/ (3;9/ 5;21/ 6;9? 14? 17)/
]]bk&m;ocif\tcrJhvufaqmifrSm...xm0&toufjzpfonf}} ]]tcrJhvufaqmif}}tjzpf bmomjyefaom
(charisma)rSm aus;Zl;awmfpum;vHk; (charis)rSvmjcif;jzpfonf/ pum;vHk;rSm aus;Zl;awmfpum;vHk;rSvm
jcif;jzpfonf/ ( 3;24/ 5;15? 16? 17/ {zuf 2;8-9)/ 3;24 rSwfcsufMunfhyg/

aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;
pmtkyfonf teufzGifhrItwGuf vrf;nTefjcif;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pm
tm;? rdrdudk,fwdkifteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0efSdonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&Sdxm;
onfh tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif? ormusrf;pmESifh
206

oefUSif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmteufzGihfjcif;tvkyftm;? teufzGifhusrf;

a&;om;olrsm;tay:om yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
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tm;pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJ?pOf;pm;qifjcifrItm; EId;qGay;jcif;omjzpfonf/
1/
aumif;aomtvkyf (aumif;rIukodkvf)rsm;onf u,fwifjcif;ESifh rnfodkYqufpyfoenf;? ({zuf 2;89? 10)
2/
,HkMunfolwpfa,muf qufvuftjypfvkyfaejcif;onf u,fwifjcif;ESifh rnfodkYqufpyfoenf;?
(1a,m 13;6?9)
3/
tcef;BuD; ]]tjypfuif;pifaompHkvifjynfh0jcif;}}taMumif; oGefoifxm;ygovm;?
4/
tcef;BuD; 6onf tcef;BuD; 5ESifh 7 wdkYESifh rnfodkYqufpyfoenf;?
5/
a&ESpfr*FvmtaMumif; ae&m rnfodkYaqG;aEG;oenf;?
6/
c&pf,mefrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\obm0a[mif;(arG;&mygADZ)qufvufSdaeMuovm;? tb,faMumifhenf;?
7/
ti,f 1-14 twGif; ,ckypKyefumvtaMumif; azmfjyonfhpum;vHk;rsm; vTrf;rdk;aeum? ti,f 1523twGif; NyD;pD;cJhNyD;jzpfaomt&m taMumif;ajymonfhpum;vHk;rsm; vTrf;rdk;aejcif;onf rnfonfht&m
udkqdkvdkygoenf;?

207

a&mr 7
acwfopf bmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm; tydkif;vkdufcGJjcif;
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NKJV

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xdrf;jrm;jcif;ESifh
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xdrf;jrm;jcif;ESifh
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7;1-6
txJSdaom
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7;1-6
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7;1-3
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7;7-12

7;7-12

7;7-12

7;13-25

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7;13-25

7;1-6
ynwfw&m;ESifh
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7;7-11
7;12-13

7;13
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7;14-20
7;21-25

7;14-20
7;21-25

7;25

7;25

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NJB

c&pf,mefonf
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7;1-6
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rl&if;pma&;ol\ pmydk'ftvdkuf&nfG,fcsufudkem;vnfjcif;
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yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
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taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;Sdonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd, pmydk'f
4/ ... pojzifh
208

usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnfjcif;/ ti,f 1-6tm;

u/ tcef;BuD;&tm; teufjyef&efrSm
1/ tcef;BuD; 6 txl;ojzifh ti,f 12-14tm; em;vnf&yHkudk tajcjyK&ef (3;20? 21-31/ 4;13-16/
5;20)
2/ tcef;BuD; 9-11 awGY&onfha&mrNrdKUtoif;awmftwGif; ,HkMunfolwpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;ESifh ,HkMunf
ol*sL;vlrsKd;rsm;tMum; jzpfay:cJhaomwif;rmrIESifhvnf; qufpyf&efjzpfonf/
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u/ armaS\ynwfw&m; tajccHonfh ynwfw&m;0g'
c/ *sL;bmom0ifrsm;u c&pfawmfxuf armaStm; ydktav;xm;jcif;
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C/ "ra[mif;usrf;ESifh"ropfusrf;\ qufpyfrItm; em;vnfrIvTJrSm;jcif;
i/ a&mrNrdKUtwGif; *sL;bmoma&;tcef;tem;tm;vHk; &yfwHhaponfh tifyg,mSif\trdefY awmfumv
twGif; toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrI tpm;xdk;0ifa&mufvmonfh wpfyg;trsKd; om;rsm;tay: *sL;vl
rsKd;acgif;aqmifrsm;\ remvdkrI/ xdkpOfu ,HkMunfol*sL;trsm;tjym;vnf; a&mrNrdKUrS xGufcGgoGm;
jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/
c/ a&mr 7;1-6 c&pf,mefESifhol\toufwma[mif; qufpyfrItaMumif; wifpm;aompum;rsm;jzifh
qufvufazmfjyonf/ toHk;jyKaomwifpm;rIrsm;rSm
1/ aoqHk;jcif;ESihf tjcm;aomociftwGuf uReftjzpfrS vGwfajrmufjcif; (tcef;BuD; 6)
2/ aoqHk;jcif;ESifh xdef;jrm;jcif;qdkif&m 0w&m;rsm;rS vGwfajrmufjcif; (tcef;BuD; 7)
*/ tcef;BuD; 6ESifh7 wdkYrSm pmvmtwdkif; qifwljzpfonf/ tcef;BuD; 6onf ,HkMunfolESifh ]]tjypf}}\
qufpyfrItaMumif;ajymum? tcef;BuD; 7onf ,HkMunfolESifh ]]ynwfw&m;}}\qufpyfrIudk ajymyg
onf/ aojcif;onf uRefwpfa,muftm;vGwfajrmufapjcif;ESifh(6;12-23)vlwpfa,mufaoqHk;onfhtcg
xdef;jrm;jcif;\csKyfaESmifrIrS vGwfajrmufoGm;yHk (7;1-6) wdkYrSm qifwljzpfonf/
tcef;BuD; 6

tcef;BuD;

6;1 ]]tjypf}}

7;1 ]]ynwfw&m;}}

6;2 ]]tjypfao}}

7;4 ]]ynwfw&m;ao}}

6;4 ]]toufwmopfavQmufvSrf;Ekdif&ef}}

7;6 ]]topfaom0dnmOfjzifh tapcHEdkif&ef}}

6;7 ]]aoqHk;olonf tjypfrSvGwfonf}}

7;6 ]]igwdkYudk csnfaESmifaomt&m aoqHk;Muum?

6;18 ]]tjypfrSvGwfapjcif; &SdMuNyD}}

ynwfw&m;rS vGwfajrmufapjcif;&SdMuNyD}}
7;3 ]]ynwfw&m;rS vGwfajrmuf}}

(Carl C.Rassmussen bmomjyefonfh

Anders Nygren's Commentary on Romans, p.268

209

rS,lygonf)

C/ ynwfw&m;ESifh if;\tqdktrdefYrsm;onf ao'PfpD&ifcsufjzpfonf/ vlom;tm;vHk; ynwfw&m;vuf

atmuf jypf'PfpD&ifcH&onf/ (a&mr 6;14/ 7;4/ *v 3;13/ {zuf 2;15/ aum 2;14)/ armaS\
ynwfw&m;rSm usdefqJjcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfvmonf!
i/ tcef;BuD; 7tm; teufjyefyHk t"duav;rsKd;cefYSdonf/
1/ aygvkonf rdrdtaMumif;tm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ (twKywd)
2/ vlom;tm;vHk; udk,fpm;jyKajymjcif;jzpfonf/ (udk,fpm;jyKjcif;-Chysostom)
3/ tm'H\tawGYtMuHKtm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ (Theodore of Mobsuetia)
4/ tpa&;\tawGYtMuHKtm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
p/ a&mr 7 onf urmOD; 3ESifhrsm;pGmwlonf/ if;onf bk&m;ocifESifh &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifNyD;olrsm;udkyif
awmfvSefykefuefrIonf atmufodkYqGJcsaMumif; jyoonf/ todynmonf usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;udk
rvGwfajrmufapEkdifacs/ bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh topfaomESvHk;? topfaompdwfESifh topf
aom0dnmOfuomvQif if;udk wwfpGrf;Ekdifonf/ (y#dnmOfw&m;opf? a,&rd 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;2627)/ if;aemufydkif;yif qufvufkef;uef oGm;&ygonf/ (6;12? 19/ 1aum 6;10-19/ {zuf 6;1018)!

pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pkavhvmjcif;
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; /
/ 7;1-3
1
odkYwnf;r[kwf nDt pfudkwdkY? ynwfw&m;onf vludkolt oufSifaeoaGYom pD&ifydkifcGifhSd
onfudk rodMuoavm/ (ynwfw&m;awmfukd odolrsm;tm; igajymjcif;jzpfonf) 2taMumif;rlum;?
vifSdaomrdef;rudk ynwfw&m;onf olYviftoufSifa epOfom csnfaESmifonf/ odkYaomf olYvif
aoygu? olYvifESifhqdkif aomynwfw&m;rS olronf vGwfajrmuf\/ 3odkYjzpf olYvift oufSif
aepOf tjcm;a,musfm;ESifhaygif;ygu olrudk arsmufrxm;aomrdef;r[k ac:Muvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf
olYvifaovQifrl? tjcm;a,musfm;ESifhaygif;aomfvnf; arsmufrxm;aomrdef;r[k rac:&bJ? ynwf
w&m;rSvGwfajrmuf\/
7;1 (ynwfw&m;awmfudk odolrsm;tm; igajymjcif;jzpfonf) if;u &nfnTef;EdkifonfrSm
1/ ,HkMunfol*sL;vlrsKd;rsm;udkomvQif
2/ a&mrtoif;awmfxJ ,HkMunfol*sL;ESifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tMum; yXdyu
3/ vlom;tm;vHk; wpfpkwpfpnf;wnf; ajymonfenf;wl ynwfw&m;tm; a,bk,stm;jzifhajymjcif;
(2;14-15)
4/ rdrdwdkY\topfaom,HkMunfjcif;taMumif; "ra[mif;usrf;rS oif,l&m yg0ifonfhwyg;trsKd;
om; ,HkMunfoltopfrsm; (ar;? ajzpHepfjzifh oifMum;jcif;? 6;17)
]]ynwfw&m;}}/ if;rSm tcef;BuD;\t"du OD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/ (ti,f 1? 2? 4? 5? 6...pojzifh)
odkYaomf aygvkonf xdka0g[m&udk t"dyg,ftrsKd;rsKd;jzifhoHk;onf/ (obm0ed,r? armaS\ynwdusrf;?
vlrIa&;Oya'orsm;)/ aygvk\aqG;aEG;rIrSm 6;14udk tajccHjcif;jzpfyHk&onf/ ol\wifjyyHkrSm tcef;BuD;
6ESifhqifwljzpfaeonf/ usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnf&jcif; ]]*}} Munfhyg/ armaS\ynwfw&m;
210

onf c&pfawmftxJu y#dnmOfw&m;topfESifh rnfodkYqufpyfyHkudkvnf; 3;21-31ESifh 4;13-16wdkY aqG;aEG;

xm;ygonf/

NASB
NKJV
NRSV
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NJB

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if;\t"dyg,frSm ]]ocifvkyfonf}}(kurieuo 6;9? 14)[ljzpf\/ armaS\ynwfw&m;onf BuD;rm;

aomaumif;csD;r*Fvmjzpfonfenf;wl (qmvH 19/ 119)aMumufrufzG,f&m usdefqJjcif;vnf;jzpfonf/ (*v
3;13/ {zuf 2;15/ aum 2;14)/ cEmudk,faoqHk;onfhtcg ynwfw&m;ay: 0w&m;vnf;&yfpJonf/
,HkMunfolonf tjypfaoqHk;oljzpfaMumif;ESifhqdkif tcef;BuD; 6 wifpm;rIrsKd;udkyifoHk;onf/
7;2 ]]vifSdrdef;r}}/ if;udk ti,f 1-6twGif; Oyrmay;um Sif;vif;&m aygvkt"duoHk;onf/tcef;BuD; 6
olonfvlwpfa,mufaoqHk;onfhtcg aus;uReftjzpfrS &yfpJoGm;jcif;tm; Oyrmtjzpf,lonf/ ae&m
xdef;jrm;jcif;ESifh if;\0w&m;rsm;ay: qifjcifrIjyKonf/ ae&m usef&pfolrkqdk;rjyef xdrf;jrm;jcif;jyKEdkif
&ef olYvifaojcif;tm; Oyrmxm;um Sif;vif;jcif;rSm ajymif;jyefjzpfonf/ if;ESifhqifwltjzpf aygvkazmfjy
onfrSm ,HkMunfolrSm aoqHk;oljzpfojzifh bk&m;ociftwGuf toufSifonf[ljzpf\/
]]olronf vGwfajrmuf\/}} if;onf 6;6u Bud,mESifhtwlwlyifjzpfum ]]rvIyfrSm;EkdifatmifjyKonf}}
]]toHk;r&jzpfoGm;aponf}} odkYr[kwf ]]tvkyfrvkyfEdkifatmifjyKonf}}[ljzpf\/ if;rSm 6;6 AORIST
PASSIVE jzpfNyD;? ae&mrl PERFECT PASSIVEjzpfum t"dyg,frSm]]vGwfajrmufapjcif;cHcJhNyD;? qufvuf
vGwfajrmufapjcif; cHonf}}[ljzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 3;3Munfhyg/
7;3]]olrudk arsmufrxm;aomrdef;r[k ac:Muvdrfhrnf}}/if;onf w&m;a[m 24;1-4 tay: ShammaiESifh
Hillelac:*sL;usrf;pmausmif;awmfESpfrsKd;\ uGJjym;jcm;em;rIESifh qufpyfonf/ txl;ojzifh ]]tcsKdUaomrzG,f
r&mrIrsm;}}ESifhqdkifjzpfonf/ Hillel ausmif;awmfonf rnfonfhtaMumif;aMumifhjzpfap vifr,m;uGmSif;rI
tm; cGifhjyKay;onfhacwfopf (liberal)tkyfpkjzpfonf/ Shammai ausmif;awmfrSmrl aSYdk;qefaomtkyfpk
(Conservative) jzpfNyD; vifr,m;uGmSif;rItm; vdifrIudp azgufjyefrIudp&yfrsm;tm;jzifhomcGifhjyKonf/ (rJ
5;32/ 19;9)/
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / / 7;4-6
4
xdkYaMumifh nDtpfudkwdkY oifwdk Yonfvnf; tjcm;aomolwnf;[laom aojcif;rSxajrmufaom
olESifhaygif;zuf? bk&m;ociftwGuf toD;oD;EkdifrnftaMumif;? c&pfawmf\udk,fcEmtm;jzifh
ynwfw&m; aoqHk;Mu\/ 5taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf ZmwdtaoG;tom; ynwfw&m;onf
tjypfESifhqdkifaom jyif;xefonfhpdwftvdkqErsm;udkvIHYa qmf? igwdkY\udk,ft*Fgrsm;txJ tvkyfvkyf
um? aojcif;w&m;toD;udkoD;aponf/ 6odkYaomf ,ckrlum; usrf;a[mif;w&m;tm;jzifhr[kwfbJ ?
topfaom0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh tapcHjcif;iSg? igwdkYonf aocJhMuNyDjzpf? igwdkYtm; csnfaESmifaom
ynwfw&m;rS vGwfajrmufMu\/
211

7;4]]oifwdkYonfvnf;...aoqHk;Mu\}}/ if;rSm pmydk'f (ESifhtcef;BuD; 6)\t"duOD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/

if;onf tcef;BuD; 6 c&pf,mefrsm;onf c&pfawmfESifh]]twloN*KvfcHjcif;(6;4)ESifh}} vuf0g;uyfwkdifay:
twltaocHjcif;(6;6)aMumifh (2aum 5;14-15/ *v 2;20) tjypfw&m; aoqHk;cJhMujcif;ESifh tvm;wlNyD;
qufpyfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmf\ acwfumvtopf (2aum 5;17) c&pfawmftxJ
topfzefqif;aom ow0grsm;jzpfMuonf/ (6;4\rSwfcsuftjynfhtpHkMunfhyg)/ ESpfjcif;r*Fvmonf
acwfumvta[mif;? vla[mif;ESifhacwfumvtopf? vlopfwdkYtMum; e,fedrdwfowfrSwfvdkufonf/
]]c&pfawmf\udk,fcEmtm;jzifh}}/if;onf toif;awmfrSm c&pfawmf\udk,fcEmjzpfonf[laom "rw&m;
qdkif&mtvdktm; &nfnTef;jcif;r[kwfbJ(1aum 12;12? 27) 6;3-11 azmfjyouJhodkY c&pfawmf\kyfcEmudk,f
udknTef;ygonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf a&ESpfr*Fvmtm;jzifh c&pfawmfESifh rdrdxyfwljyKvdkufjcif;tm;jzifh?
c&pfawmftaocHcJhpOf? olESifhtwl aoqHk;cJhNyDjzpfonf/ c&pfawmfaoqHk;jcif;onf? olwdkY\aoqHk;jcif;jzpf
onf/ (2aum 5;14-15/ *v 2;20)/ c&pfawmf\jyefSifaomtoufonf olwdkYtm; vGwfajrmufapNyD;?
if;rSm bk&m;ocifESifh tjcm;olrsm;tm; tapcH&efjzpfonf/
]]igwdkYonf bk&m;ociftwGuf toD;oD;EkdifrnftaMumif;/}} if;onfvnf; tcef;BuD; 6? txl;ojzifh
6;22 ESifhqifwlonf/ ,HkMunfolwdkYonf c&pfawmf rdrdudk,frdrd csnfaESmifEdkif&ef? c&pfawmftm;jzifh ,ck
vGwfajrmufMuNyDjzpfonf/ if;onf xdrf;jrm;NyD;aemuf qufvufaygif;azmfMujcif;ESifh tvm;wljzpfonf/
c&pfawmfonf olwdkYtwGuf taocHonfenf;wl olwdkYonf ,cktcg tjypfaoqHk;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/
(2aum 5;13-14/ *v 2;20)/ c&pfawmfjyefxonfenf;wl? olwdkYonfvnf; bk&m;ocifudkvnf;aumif;
(a&mr 6;22/ {zuf 2;5-6) tcsif;csif;udkvnf;aumif; (1a,m 3;16) tapcHEkdifMuap&ef 0dnmOfa&;&mtopf
aomb0jzifh jyefxMuonf/
7;5
]]taMumif;rlum;? igwdkYonf ZmwdtaoG;tom; SdcJhMucdkufwGif}}
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]]igwdkYrajymif;vJrDu}}
ti,fonf ti,f 4ESifh qefYusifbufjzpfonf/ ti,f 4onf ,HkMunfolwpfa,muf\
tawGYtMuHKudk ti,f 6rSmenf;wl ajymjyonf/ ti,f 5onf bk&m;ocif\wefcdk;awmfrygaom touf\
toD;taMumif; Sif;vif;a&;om;onf/ (*v 5;18-24)/ ynwfw&m;onf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; olwdkY\
tjypfudkazmfjyaomfvnf; (i,f 7-9/ *v 3;23-25) if;tm; atmifjrifEkdif&ef tpGrf;wefcdk;ray;acs/
usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh od&onfrSm pum;pkrSm ,HkMunfolonf tm'HrS tarGqufcH&Sd
onfh usqif;aomtjypfSdjcif; ADZoabmudk &nfnTef;onf/ (i,f 6;19)/ aygvku aoG;om;Zmwdqdkonfh
]]sarx}}a0g[m&tm; uGJjym;jcm;em;aomt"dyg,fESpfrsKd;jzifhoHk;&m (1) tjypfobm0 (vla[mif;)ESifh (2)
kyfudk,f cEm(1;3/ 4;1/ 9;3? 5)jzpfonf/ ae&m tysufoabmaqmifaomfvnf; a&mr 1;3/ 4;1/
9;3?5/ *v 2;20wdkYudk rSwfom;yg/ udk,fcEmonf (sarx/soma)olYoabmESifhol qdk;npfonfr[kwfaomf
vnf; if;onf vl\pdwfuJhodkY qdk;npfaom ,ckuyfumvtiftm;pkrsm;ESifh oefYSif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkY
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NASB
NKJV
NRSV
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NJB

212

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aoG;om;Zmwd
(sarx)1;3/
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wwfonfh obm0udk urmOD; 3ESifhvlom;tm;vHk; Sif;vif;pGmawGY&onf/ ynwfw&m;awmfonf
e,fedrdwfrsm; owfrSwfvdkufonf/ (i,f 7-8)/ xdke,fedrdwfrsm;rSm vlom;tm; umuG,f&efjzpfaomfvnf;?
vlom;onf if;wdkYudk csnfaESmifrIESifhuefYowfrIrsm;tjzpf Ijrifonf/ tjypfygaomvGwfvyfonfh pdwf0dnmOf
udk bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmfu vIHUaqmfEId;qGay;onf/ jyemrSm tuefYtowfrsm;r[kwfbJ (i,f 12-13)
vl\rdrdudk,frdrd tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifhtwpdwfjzpfonf/
]]aojcif;w&m; toD;udkoD;aponf}}tvGefjyif;xefaomqefYusifbufjzpfonf/
1/ i,f 5 - bk&m;ociftwGuf toD;oD;onf/
2/ i,f 6 - aojcif;w&m;toD;udk oD;aponf/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf aojcif;w&m;? tjypfw&m;ESifh ynwfw&m;awmfwdkY aoqHk;cJhNyD;olrsm;jzpfum?
,cktcg bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmftwGuf toD;oD;&ef toufSifaeMuonf! aygvkonf tjzLESifhtrJuJhodkY
ay:vGifpGm aq;a&mifjc,fjyay;onf/ (8;2 \rSwfcsufuJhodkY y#dyuoabmaqmifaomfvnf; ESpfrsKd;pvHk;[kwf
rSefaomtaMumif;t&mjzpfonf-para doxical) vlwpfa,mufonf tkyfpkESpfpkjzpfonfh tm'H\tkyfpk(0g)
a,I\tkyfpkteuf wpfckckjzpfonf/ (5;12-21)/ a,ISdaeolrsm;onf vGwfajrmufonf/ csnfaESmifonfh
t&mrSdbJ? topfjzpfMuonf/ (*v 2;19-20)! if;txJ qufvufavQmufvSrf;yg! arGYavsmfyg!
7;6 ]]odkYaomf ,ckrlum;}}Newman and Nida wdkY\ A Translator's Handbook on Paul's Letter to the
Romans ac:pmtkyfxJ pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&m rSwfcsufwpfckawGY&onf/
]]ti,f 5ESifh6wdkY tvm;wljzpfaeMuyHkESifh? if;wdkYESifh wpfqufwnf;azmfjyaomt&mwdkYESifh qufpyfrI
tm;odSd&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ ti,f 5onf c&pf,mefrjzpfrD tawGYtMuHKudk a&;om;azmfjyNyD;? if;onf 725ESifhtvm;wljzpfonf/ ti,f 6url bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf acgif;aqmifrIatmufSd ,HkMunfjcif;
toufwmudk azmfjyNyD;? 8;1-11ESifh tvm;wljzpfonf/ (p. 130)
]]vGwfajrmufMu\/}} if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ if;onf IMPERFECT PASSIVE
INDICATIVE jzpfonfh ti,f 5 ESifhqefYusifbufjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ynwfw&m;awmfxJ azmfjy
xm;onfhtwdkif; tjypf\csnfaESmifrI qufpyfcHMuonfrSefaomfvnf; {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm;jzifh 0dnmOf
awmfonf olwdkYudk vGwfajrmufapcJhNyDjzpf\/pum;vHk;udkyif ti,f 2 Sd vifa,musfm;aoqHk;cJhol rdef;rESifh
qdkifoHk;onf/
]]aocJhMuNyDjzpf...igwkdYtm;

csnfaESmifaom}}if;onf AORIST ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfum?

IMPERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE wpfckvdkufvmonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfolrsm;ukd c&pfawmftao
cHjcif;tm;jzifh vGwfajrmufaponfrSm
1/ "ra[mif;\usdefqJrIrS
2/ if;wdkY\tjypfjynfhaomtwGif; twoabmrS
olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifzGifhjyxm;onfh tvdkawmftm; qefYusifykefuefrI? usqif;aomrdrdwdkY\obm0?
213

rdrdwdkYwpfOD;csif;\tjypfrsm;ESifh obm0xuf vGefuJaompHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;wdkY\csnfaESmifrI qufvufcH

pm;Muonf/ ({zuf 2;2-3)
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31;31 -34/ a,Z 36;22-32)/ *&da0g[m& ]]topf}} (koinos-kainotes)udk aygvkoHk;onfrSm
1/ toufwmopf? a&mr 6;4 (6;4\rSwfcsufMunfh&ef)
2/ 0dnmOfawmftopf? a&mr 7;6
3/ y#dnmOfw&m;topf? 1aum 11;2/ 2aum 3;6
4/ topfaomzefqif;jcif; (ow0g)? 2aum 5;17/ *v 6;15
5/ vlopf ? { 2;15/ 4;24
]]a[mif;}}qdkaoma0g[m&onf armaS\ynwfw&m;udk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfNyD;]]vHk;0a[mif;EGrf;onf}}[k
t"dyg,fSdonf/ aygvkonf a[NAJMo0g'pm a&;om;olenf;wl (8;7ESifh13) y#dnmOfw&m;ta[mif;ESifh
y#dnmOfw&m;topfwdkYtm; EIdif;,SOfjyjcif;jzpfonf/

NASB, NKJV ]]topf a om 0d n mOf a wmf t m;jzif h tapcH & ef } }

NRSV
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TEV
]]odkYaomf 0dnmOfawmf\vrf;opfjzifh}}
NJB
]]topfaom0dnmOfenf;vrf;jzifh tapcH&ef vGwfajrmufMu\}}
if;\vHk;aphywfapht"dyg,frSm ]]0dnmOftopf}}-in newness of spirit jzpfonf/ topfarG;zGm;aom

vlom;\0dnmOf(0g)oefYSif;aom0dnmOf b,f[mjzpfaMumif; raocsmay/ t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;trsm;pkurl

oefYSif;aom0dnmOfawmfukdnTef;um pmvHk;BuD;jzihfa&;Muonf/ if;udk a&mr 8 xJ (15Budrf)awGYSd&m 'Gd[
jzpf&m azmfjyrIrsm;teuf yxrqHk;jzpfonf/ 0dnmOf -[laoma0g[m&onf owif;aumif;ESifh0dnmOf awmf\
jyefvnfarG;zGm;apjcif;ESifh cGeftm;jznfhqnf;jcif; &Sdxm;aomvlom;\0dnmOfukd &nfnTef;Edkifonf/ a&mr
Mo0g'pmxJu usrf;csufrsm;rSm a&mr 1;4? 9/ 2;29/ 7;6/ 8;15/ 11;8/ 12;11/ 1aum 2;11/ 4;21/ 5;3? 4?
5/ 7;34/ 14;15? 16? 32/ 16;18/
aygvka&;om;aompmrsm; ]]aoG;om;^Zmwd}}(flesh)ESifh]]0dnmOf}}-spirit wdkYtm; uGJjym;jcm;em;aom
pOf;pm;jcif;ESifh toufSifjcif;wdkYtm; EIdif;,SOfazmfjy&m oHk;avhSdonf/ (7;14/ 8;4/ *v 3;3/ 5;16? 17?
25/ 6;8)bk&m;ocifrygaom kyfcEmtoufrSm ]](flesh)}}-aoG;om;^Zmwdjzpf(txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3
Munfh&ef)aomfvnf;? bk&m;ociftm;jzifhjzpfaomtoufrSm 0dnmOf-spirit/Spirit jzpfonf/ txJusdef;0yfol
oefYSif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf (8;9? 11),HkMunftm; c&pfawmftxJ topfzefqif;aomow0gtjzpfodkY
ajymif;vJoGm;aponf/ (&yfwnfcsufESifh tawGUtMuHKtm;jzifh)

a&mr 7;7-25tm; usrf;pum;tqufpyfjzihf em;vnf&jcif;/

u/ a&mr 7;7-25onf vlom;wpfa,muf\ZmwdrSefudk azmfjyonf/ u,fwifjcif;&onfjzpfap aysmufqHk;
aeoljzpfap vlom;tm;vHk;wdkYonf taumif;tqdk;\y#dyutm; rdrdwdkY\avmuESifh rdrdwdkY\pdwfESvHk;
rsm;xJ awGYMuHKcHpm;Muonf/ teufzGifhjcif;qdkif&m ar;cGef;rSm]]usrf;ydk'fudk aygvkrnfuJhodkY em;vnf
apcsifoenf;}}? [ljzpfonf/ if;onf usrf;pum;qufpyfrIoabmtm;jzihf 1;18-6;23ESifh 8;1-39 wdkY
214

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\tawGYtMuHKtm; OyrmtjzpfjrifMuonf/ t"dyg,fzGifhqdkcsuftm; ]]twKywdoDtdk&D}}[kac:onf/
aygvkonf ]]ig}}-I tm; vlyk*dKvfr[kwfaom t"dyg,fjzifh 1aum 13;1-3oHk;onf/ ]]ig}}tm; vlyk*dKvf
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Ekdifonf/ if;twdkif; ae&m rSefuefcJhrnfqdkvQif usrf;ydk'frSm vlom;onf tjypfuif;pifjcif;rS
tjypfudkem;vnfodSdjcif;odkY ul;ajymif;rI (tcef;BuD; 8)tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfvdrfhrnf/ ]]udk,fpm;jyKaom
oDtdk&D}} (Oyrm Jerome Biblical Commentary, p.312)
rnfodkYjzpfap tjcm;olrsm;url tcef;i,frsm;tm; ,HkMunfolwpfa,muf rdrd\usqif;aomvlom;
obm0ESifhaMumufrufbG,f&m tqufrjywf wdkufcdkufrItm; ajymjyjcif;tjzpf jrifMuonf/ (Oyrm
Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Karl Barth)ESvHk;uGJxGufavmufaom ti,f
24u atmfoHonf twGif;y#dyuudkazmfjyonf/ ti,f 7-13twGif; AORIST ESifhIMPERFECT Bud,mrsm;
vTrf;rdk;aeum ti,f 14-25twGif;rl PRESENT ESifh PERFECT Bud,mrsm;vTrf;rdk;aeygonf/ xdkYaMumifh
]]twKywdqdkif&moDtdk&D}} tm;,HkMunfvufcH&rnfhoabmjzpfum? aygvkonf rdrd\tawGYtMuHKjzpfonfh
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ESifhjynhfaom qufvufjzpfay:aeonfh oefYSif;pifMu,fapjcif; c&D;vrf;Murf;BuD;tm; ajymjyaejcif;jzpfonf/
(ti,f 25Sd ]]igudk,fwdkif-autos eg)
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oabmajymjcif;jzpfNyD; ti,f 14-25rl aG;EIwfu,fwifjcif;&Sdol vlom;wpf&yfvHk;\ udk,fpm;tjzpf
rdrd\twGif;pdwf tjypfESifhqdkif kef;uefaomtawGYtMuHKtm; ajymjyjcif;jzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap aygvk
onf topfarG;zGm;jcif; r&rD qufuyfonfh*sL;bmoma&;orm;wpfOD;jzpfojzifh usrf;ydk'fwpfckvHk;tm;
ol\aemufcHum;csyfwpfcktjzpfvnf; jrifxm;&ayrnf/ aygvk\tawGYtMuHKrSm aygvkoufoufomvQif
jzpfonf/
c/ ynwfw&m;awmfrSm aumif;ygonf/ bk&m;ocifxHawmfyg;rSvmonf/ bk&m;ocif\tMuHtpnftm;
onfydk;NyD;? qufvufo,fydk;aeonf/ (7;7? 12? 14? 22? 25/ rJ 5;17-19)/ if;onf
Nidrf;csrf;a&;^Nidrf oufjcif;(0g)u,fwifjcif; ray;Edkifacs/ (*vmwd 3)/ James Stewart onf rdrd\ A
Man in Christ pmtkyfxJ qefYusifaeoa,mifjzifh [kwfrSefaomaygvk\ pOf;pm;yHkESihf pma&;[efudk
azmfjyonf/
tawG;tjrifESifh Mo0g'enf;pepfwpf&yftm; rdrdudk,fwdkif csrSwfolwpfOD;onf rdrdoHk;onfh a0g[m&
rsm;\t"dyg,frsm;ukd wwfEkdiforQ wif;usyfpGJNrJpGm oHk;EIef;vdrfhrnf[k obm0tm;jzifh arQmfvifhMuayvdrfh
rnf/ rdrd\t"du pdwful;rsm;ukd pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh oHk;EIef;azmfjy&m wdusrISd&ef &nfG,fvdrfhrnf[k arQmfvifh
Muayrnf/ oif\pma&;olonf oD;oefYt"dyg,fwpfcktwGuf wpfcgoHk;onfhpum;vHk;wpfvHk;tm; wpf
avQmufvHk;wpforwfwnf; xdef;xm;oifhonf[kvnf; qdkMuayvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf yHkpHrsKd; aygvkoHk;jcif;Sd
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uif;rJhonf.../]]ynwfw&m;awmfrSm oefYSif;onf/ uREfkyf\twGif;vltm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmfudk
ESpfoufygonf}}[k a&;om;aomfvnf; (a&mr 7;12-13)ynwfw&m;\tjcm;rsufESmpmwpfckudkrl oluyif
]]c&pfawmfonf igwdkYtm; ynwfw&m;awmf\usdefqJjcif;rS aG;EIwfcJhNyD}}[kqdkjyefonf/ (*v 3;13) (pm 26)

*/ ]]aygvkonf ti,f 14-25 u,fwifjcif;&NyD;oludk ajymjcif;avm(0g)u,fwifjcif;r&oludk ajymjcif;

avm}}qdkonfh ar;cGef;twGuf usrf;csuftaxmuftxm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/
215

1/ u,fwifjcif;r&oltm; &nfnTef;&mtjzpf
u/ if;rSm *&dpum;ajymaomueOD;toif;awmf zcifBuD;rsm;\teufjyefrIjzpfonf/
c/ atmufygpum;pkrsm;onf tjrifudk tm;ay;onf
(1) ]]igrlum; Zmwdyuwdjzpf\/}} i,f 14
(2) ]]tjypfw&m;vuf uReftjzpf a&mif;pm;cH&\/}} i,f 14
(3) ]]ightxJrSm aumif;aomt&mwpHkwckrQ rwnfSd}} i,f 18
(4) ]]ighudk,ft*Fgrsm;Sdaom w&m;wyg;onf...igudk,ft*Fgrsm;Sdaom tjypfw&m;vufodkY
ighudkbPf;csKyftyfESHonfudk igjrif\/}} i,f 23
(5) ]]igonf 'kuqif;&JcH&oljzpfygonfwum;! taoaumifrS ighudkrnfol u,fvTwf
rnfenf;?}} i,f 24
*/ tcef;BuD; 6ESifhwqufwnf; igwdkYonf tjypf\uRefjyKjcif;rS vGwfajrmufNyD[k azmfjyonf/
if;\tquf tcef;BuD; 8onf ]]odkYjzpf-so then}}jzifhponf/
C/ usrf;ydk'f\tqHk;jzpfonfh ti,f25rwdkifrcsif; 0dnmOfawmf(0g)c&pfawmftm; azmfjyjcif;rSdacs/
2/ u,fwifjcif;&oltm; &nfnTef;&mtjzpf
(u) if;rSm Augustine,Calvin ESifh jyefvnfjyifqifjcif;ac: Reformation acwfoHk;onfh teufjyef
qdkrIjzpfonf/
(c) atmufygpum;pkwdkYonf tjrifudkaxmufcHtm;ay;onf/
(1) ]]ynwfw&m;onf 0dnmOfyuwdESifhpyfqdkifonfudk igwdkYodMu\/}} i,f 14
(2) ]]ynwfw&m;ajzmifhonf[k ig0efcH\}} i,f 16
(3) ]]igonf usifhcsifaomtusifhaumif;udk rusifh/}} i,f 19
(4) ]]igonf twGif;vltm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfudk ESpfouf\/}} i,f 22
(*) a&mrMo0g'teufzGifholtrsm;pkonf tcef;BuD;7tm; oefYSif;pifMu,fapjcif;u@mefxm;onf/
(C) ti,f 7-13twGif; Bud,myHkpHrsm; IMPERFECTESifhAORIST wdkYrS ti,f 14-24twGif;
ypKyefum vjyBud,mrsm;odkY wqufwnf;ajymif;vJtoHk;jyKjcif;onf aygvktoufwm
uGJjym;jcm;em;rIESifh u@opfwpfcktm;qdkvdkonf/ (Oyrm ol\ajymif;vJjcif;)
C/ ,HkMunfolwpfa,mufonf c&pfawmfESifhwl&ef ydktm;xkwfav? rdrdtjypfrsm;aMumif; ydkawGYMuHKcHpm;&
avjzpfonf/ qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa&mifjzifh rSefuefaom taMumif;t&monf usrf;ydk'fESifh aygvk
\tjzpfESifhtvGefqDavsmfonf/ (,HkMunfoltrsm;pktwGufvnf; ta&;BuD;onf/ if;ESifh qefYusifbuf
tjrifwpf&yfudk Gordon Fee \]]Paul, The Spirit, and the People of God}}pmtkyfMunfhyg/
Henry Twells a&;pyfonfh Lutheran "roDcsif;pmtkyf wpfckawGY&onfrSm
]]tdk? udk,fawmfSif? b,folrQpHkvifaomem;aejcif; r&Muyg/
tjypfESifhvHk;0uif;pifolrSdaomaMumifhwnf;/
cGeftm;enf;um? rdrdtxJ trSm;ydkawGYjrif&av/
udk,fawmftm; ydktapcHMuavavyif/}}
aygvkonf rdrd\twdwfu zg&dSJjzpfcJh&jcif;ESifh wdkufvSefaeqJjzpfcJhum? ]]ynwfw&m;awmf}}ESifh
]]tjypfaojcif;w&m;}}taMumif; wifjy&m if;tm; tajccHonf[k uRefawmfxifygonf/ odkYaomf uREfkyf
onf u,fwifjcif;&NyD;aemuf pHkprf;aoG;aqmifrItMum; rdrdudk,fwdkif kef;uefcJh&jcif;\xdckdufrIudkvnf; cHcJh
&onf/ if;onf uRef\teufjyefjcif;tm; trSefyifta&mifwifay;ygonf/ Gordon Fee onf rdrd\ Paul,
216

pmtkyf cdkifvHkrISdaom tjcm;c&pf,meftawGYtMuHKESifh tjrifwpf&yftm;

wifjyonf[kxifygonf/ uRefawmfodSdonfh wif;rmrI(0g) y#dyuwpfrsKd;jzpfonfh
1/ acwfa[mif; -acwfopf
2/ vla[mif;-vlopf
3/ ynwfcsuf-0dnmOfawmfonf c&pfawmftxJ udkifwG,fcJhNyDjzpfonf! atmifjrifrIudk igwdkYydkifqdkifMu
onf/ tcef;BuD; 7udk rnfonfh tcgrQ tmkHrpdkuf&yg/ igwdkYonf olYtxJ atmifjrifrIudk
ydkifqdkifMuonf!
i/ a&mr 8 xJuaygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm;/ (8;32u 0dbwf) sun-ESifhtwl
1/ i,f 16-sun (ESifhtwl with) + oufaocHonf
2/ i,f 17-sun (ESifhtwl with) + tarGcHol
3/ i,f 17-sun (ESifhtwl with) + 'kuqif;&JcH
4/ i,f 17-sun (ESifhtwl with) + bkef;awmfcHpm;
5/ i,f 22-sun (ESifhtwl with) + nnf;nL
6/ i,f 22-sun (ESifhtwl with) + om;zGm;jcif; a0'emcH
7/ i,f 26-sun (ESifhtwl with) + ulnDrp
8/ i,f 28-sun (ESifhtwl with) + twl^yl;aygif;vkyfaqmif
9/ i,f 29-sun (ESifhtwl with) + yHko@mefajymif;vJ
aygif;pyfpum;rsm;onf ]]ESifhtwlyl;wGJyg0ifonf}}(0g)]]twlyl;aygif;aqmifGufonf}}[kqdkvdkygonf/
the Spirit, and the People of God

NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; /

/ 7;7-12
7
odkYjzpf tb,fodkYajym&rnfenf; ? ynwfw&m;awmf tjypfSdoavm ? rnfonfhtcgrQ
rjzpfEkdif! xdkodkYjzpf&rnfhtpm; ynwfw&m;awmftm;jzifhr[kwfvQif tjypfw&m;udk igrod&/
taMumif;rlum;]]avmbpdwfrSdapESifh}}[laom ynwfw&m;awmfrSdvQif avmboabmudkigrod/
8
odkYaomf tjypfw&m;onf ynwfcsuftm;jzifh tcGifhta&;,lum? igtrsKd;rsKd;aomavmbpdwfwdkYudk
jzpfyGg;ap\/ ynwfw&m;awmfrSdvQif tjypfw&m;onfao\/ 9txufu ynwfw&m;awmfrSdojzifh
igonf toufSif\/ odkYaomf ynwfcsufa&mufvmaomtcg tjypfw&m;onf toufSifum?
10
igonf aoqHk;cJh&\/ toufSifapaomynwfcsufonf ightwGufaojcif;w&m;jzpfapaMumif; xif
Sm;\/ 11taMumif;rlum; tjypfw&m;onf ynwfcsuftm;jzifh tcGifhta&;,lum? ighudkvSnfhjzm;vsuf
12
xdkw&m;tm;jzifh ighudkowf\/ odkYjzpfjcif;aMumifh ynwfw&m;awmfonf oefYSif;um? ynwfcsuf
onf oefYSif;? ajzmifhrwfum? aumif;jrwfonf/
7;7]]odkYjzpf tb,fodkYajym&rnfenf;}}? aygvkonf oloHk;aeusa0zefjypfwifaoma&;[efudkyif jyefoHk;
onf/(6;1? 15/ 7;1? 13)/ ]]ynwfw&m;awmf tjypfSdoavm}} qefYusifaeoa,mufSdaomfvnf; rSefuef
nDnGwfaomzGifhjyawmfrljcif; bk&m;ocifonf usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;tm; aemifw&um? ,HkMunfjcif;Sdvm
ap&ef (i,f 12-13/ *vmwd 3)ynwfw&m;awmf\ oefYSif;jcif;ESihfaumif;jrwfjcif;tm;? tjypfw&m;udk
azmfjyaom aMu;rHkrSefcsyfwpfckyrm toHk;jyKonf/ tHhMobG,f&myif ynwfw&m;awmfonf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;
rjyKaomfvnf;? oefYSif;pifMu,fapjcif;twGufrl qufvufvkyfaqmifaeonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ /
armaS\ynwfw&m;tay: aygvk\tjrif-13;9Munfhyg/)
217

 ]]rnfonfhtcgrQ rjzpfEdkif}}/ rSm;,Gif;aomtwnfajymMum;rIwpf&yftm; aygvkjiif;qdkyHk jiif;qdkenf;jzpf

onf/ (i,f 13/ 3;4? 6? 31/ 6;2? 15/ 9;14/ 11;1? 11/ *v 2;17/ 3;21)
]]xdkodkYjzpf&rnfhtpm;/}} aygvkonf rdrdajymvdkonfhtcsuf ay:vGifap&ef jyif;xefaomqefYusifbuf
pum;rsm;ukd a&mrMo0g'pmoHk;onfrSm ol\a&;[efjzpfonf/ (3;4? 6? 31/ 6;2? 15/ 7;13/ 9;14/ 11;1?
11)
]]ig/}} tcef;i,f 7-25twGif; ]]ig}}(0g) ]]ig\}} ]]ightm;}}pum;vHk;tBudrfaygif; rnfrQygonfudk oif\
ormusrf;pmtkyfxJ rSwfom;yg/ thHMooGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ tBudrfaygif;av;q,fyif ausmfvGefonf/
]]ynwfw&m;awmftm;jzifhr[kwfvQif? tjypfw&m;udk igrod&/}} armaS\ynwfw&m;onf vlwpfOD;
csif;tm; tjypfudkazmfjyaom MunfhrSeftjzpf tvkyfvkyfonf[laom tqdkudkazmfjyaomusrf;ydk'frsm;teuf if;
rSm wpfckjzpfonf/ (3;20/ 4;65/ 5;20/ *v 3;14-29 txl;ojzifh ti,f 24)/ ynwfw&m;awmftm;
wpfcgcsKd;azgufjcif;onf y#dnOfw&m;udk csKd;azgufjcif;yifjzpfum? if;\tusKd;qufrsm;udk cH&efomjzpfonf/
(i,f 10 ESifh ,mukyf 2;10)!
]]ynwfw&m;awmftm;jzifh r[kwfvQif/}}if;onf 'kwd,wef;pm;cRif;csufyg0guswdkUjzpfjyD; ]]trSef
w&m;ESifh qefUusifbuf}}[kac:onf/aygvkonf tjypfw&m;taMumif; em;vnfoabmaygufonf/ if;onf
yHkpH o'gtoHk;tEIef;tm; a&mr0g'pmoHk;onfh wpfckwnf;aomOyrmjzpfonf/ aygvkonf 1aum2;8/
5;10/ 11;31 ESifh 2aum 12;11 wdkYrSmenf;wl *v1;10/ 3;21 wdkYvnf;oHk;onf/
]]avmvpdwfrSdapESifh/}} if;onf ynwfawmfq,fyg;\ aemufqHk;ynwfcsuftm; &nfnTef;onf/
(xGuf? 20;17/ w&m;?5;21)/ aemufqHk;aom ynwfcsufonf rSefuefaom pdwfaeoabmxm;udk azmfjy
jcif;jzpfum if;wdkY tm;vHk;\ppfrSefaom oabmobm0vnf;jzpfonf/ (rJ5-7)/ ynwfw&m;awmf (The
law)udk ynwfcsufthe commandment [kac:avhSdonf/ (i,f 8?9?11?12?13)/
]]avmbpdwf-covet}}/ pum;vHk;\t"dyg,frSm]]...tay:pdwfESvHk;xm;onf}}-to set one's heart on
odkYr[kwf ]]tjyif;txef wyfrufonf}}jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;wdkYtwGuf (aysmufaeol rsm;ESifh
u,fwifjcif;&olrsm;) zefqif;jcif;rSwpfqifh aumif;aomt&m trsm;tjym;ay;xm;aomfvnf; vlom;wdkY
onf bk&m;ocifay;onfhrlabmifudk ausmfvGefum? bk&m;ocif\vufaqmifwdkYudk &,l&efMuHG,f avhSdMu
onf/ ]]b,favmufbJay;&? ay;& ightwGuf ydkydk}}qdkonfrSm olwdkY\&nfG,fcsuf jzpfvmonf! twpdwf
onf aMumufrufbG,f&m rif;qdk;rif;npfygwum;! txl;taMumif;t&m/ /13;8-9 xGufajrmuf &musrf;
20;17 taMumif; rSwfpkMunfhyg/
7;8
NASB, NKJV ]]tcG i f ; ta&;,l } }
NRSV
]tcGifhta&;wpfck trdt&zrf;,l}}
TEV
]]tcGifhaumif;tjzpf Ijrif}}
NJB
]]if;tm;jzifh tjrwfxkwf}}

if;rSm ppfa&;a0g[m&jzpfum ]]urf;ajctajcpdkufpcef;}}(0g)]]ppfqifa&;XgecsKyf}}[kt"dyg,fSdonf/

(i,f 8 ESifh 11)/ usrf;ydk'f if;udk vlom;uJhodkY wifpm;oHk;eIef;onf/(i,f 9?11)/ tjypftm; ppfa&;acgif;
218

aqmifwpfOD; uGyfuJonfh(i,f 11ESifh 17/ 6;12? 14? 16)ppfqifa&;wpf&yftjzpf a&;om;azmfjyonf/(i,f

11)/
]]ynwfw&m;awmfrSdvQif tjypfw&m;onfao\/}} tjypf[lonf bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmftm; qefY
usifykefuefjcif;jzpfonf/ (a&mr 4;15/ 5;13/ 1aum 15;56)/ pum;pk Bud,mrygojzifh
wpfvHk;jznfhpGufay;&efvdkonf/ jzpfqJjyBud,moHk;ygu wpfavmuvHk;twGuf ed,rw&m;wpfckjzpfoGm;vdrfh
rnf/ vkyfcJhNyD;aom twdwfumvjyBud,moHk;vQifrl aygvk\toufwmudkom &nfnTef;csufjzpfayrnf/
7;9]]txufu...igtoufSif\/}} if;onf aygvktm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifum (1) vlrSef;rodwwfrDtG,f
(Bar Mitzvah rwdkifrD) odkYr[kwf (2) ormw&m;jzpfaom owif;aumif;onf olESvHk;om;udk rxdk;azgufrDu
qufuyfaom zg&dSJwpfa,muftaejzifh (wrefawmf 23;1/ zdvdyd 3;6/ 2wd 1;3)/ yxrtcsufonf
]]twKywd oDtdk&D}}tm;jzifh tcef;BuD;7tm; teufjyefjcif;udk udk,fpm;jyKonf/ 'kwd,tcsufurl tcef;BuD;
7tm; ]]udk,fpm;jyKjcif; oDtdk&D}}tm;jzifh teufjyefjcif;udkjyonf/
]]ynwfcsufa&mufvmaomtcg tjypfw&m;onf toufSifum? igonf aoqHk;cJh&\/}} vlom;\
ykefuefwwfaompdwfukd wm;jrpfcsufrsm;u EId;qGay;onf/ ]]bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfygSdaom ]]r...
ESifh}}onf usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;\twESifhrmeudk armif;wifay;vdkufonf/ (urm 2;16-17/ 3;1-6)/
5;21ESifh 7;8? 11? 17? 20wdkYrSmenf;wl tjypfw&m;tm; vlom;yHkpH qufvufwifpm;aMumif; owdjyKyg/
7;10]]toufSifapaom ynwfcsufonf ightwGuf aojcif;w&m;jzpfapaMumif; xifSm;\/}} if;onf
0wfjyK 18;5/ w&m; 4;1(0g) a&mr 2;13 wpfckcktm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ ynwfw&m;awmfonf rdrd
rwwfEdkifonfht&mtm; uwday;jcif;rSm if; tjypfygr[kwfbJ? vlom;onf tm;enf;? ykefuefwwf
oljzpfojzifh? ynwfw&m;awmfonf ao'PfpD&ifcsufjzpfvmcJh&awmhonf/ (*v 3;13/ {zuf 2;15/ aum
2;14)/
7;11 ]]ighudk vSnfh jzm;vsuf? xdkw&m;tm;jzifh ighudkwwf\/}} Bud,mESpfckpvHk;vkyfcJhNyD;aomt&m
AORIST ACTIVE ESihfjzpf&yfrSefukd azmfjyaomBud,mESpfrsKd;vHk;jzpfMuonf/ ]]vSnfhjzm;onf}}[laompum;vHk;
tm; urm 3;13 {0udk a>ruvSnfhjzm;jcif; *&d"ra[mif;-Septuagint(Lxx)wGifoHk;onf/ aygvkonf
Bud,mudk tBudrfaygif;tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ (a&mr 16;18/ 1aum 3;18/ 2aum 11;3/ 2ouf 2;3/
1wd 2;14)/ tm'HESifh{0wdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmftm; remcHjcif;jzifh 0dnmOfa&; aoqHk;oGm;cJh
Muonf/ (,ck ynwfw&m;awmf zGifhjyonf/ 1aum 15;56)xdkenf;wl aygvkonfvnf; aoqHk;cJhum?
vlom;tm;vHk; wdkYvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfMu\/ (1;18- 3;20)
7;12 if;rSm ynwfw&m;awmf aumif;jrwfaMumif; aygvk\twnfjyKcsufjzpfonf/ if;rSm jyemr[kwf
acs/ odkYaomf ]]tjypfw&m;}}taMumif; tcef;BuD; 6ESifh ]]ynwfw&m;}}taMumif; tcef;BuD; 7 aygvktvm;wl
oHk;EIef;yHkwdkYudk a&mrtoif;awmfSd ,HkMunfol*sL;vlrsKd; Oya'oorm;wdkYtm; acgif;IyfoGm;apvdrfhrnf/
(,HkMunftm;enf;olrsm;taMumif; 14;1-15;13)

219

NASB

(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/

/ 7;13

13

xdkYaMumifh aumif;jrwfaomt&monf ightwGuf aoapaomtaMumif;t&mjzpfvmoavm ?

rnfonfht cgrQ xdkodkYrjzpfEkdif! xdkodkYjzpf&rnfhtpm; tjypfonf tjypfjzpfaMumif;jyoap&ef? aumif;
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tjypfSdap&efjzpfonf/
7;13
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0dbwfrsm;onf pma&;ol\&nfG,fcsufudk xifSm;aponf!
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

]]vHk;vHk; tjypfSd}}txl;taMumif;t&m/ /aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm; aygvktoHk;jyKyHk 1;30Munfhyg/ qdk;

oGif;rI? raumif;aomt&m\oabmobm0onf vlyk*dKvfESifhwlaMumif;jyo&ef tjypf(w&m;)udk vluJhodkY
wifpm;azmfjyavhSdonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / qdk;oGrf;rI\yk*dKvf 16;20 Munfhyg/
NASB

(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/

14

/7;14-20

taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;awmfonf 0dnmOfESifhqkdifonfudk igwdkYodM uaomfvnf;? igonf

tjypf w&m;\aus;uReftjzpf a&mif;pm;jcif;cH&aom taoG;tom;ESifhqdkifoljzpfonf/ 15taMumif;
rlum; igjyKaomt&mudk igonfem;rvnf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf igonf rdrdjyKvdkaomt&mudk
rusihfbJ? rdrdrkef;wD;aomt&m udkyifvkyfaeonf/ 16odkYaomf igonf rdrdrvkyfvdkaomt&mudkyif
vkyfonfqdkygu? ynwfw&m;aumif;jrwfygonf[k 0efcHum? ynwfw&m;awmfESifh oabmwlnDy g
onf/ 17xdkYaMumifh ,cktcg? xdkt&mudkjyKaeolonf igr[kwfbJ? ightxJaexdkifoltjypfjzpfonf/
18
taMumif;rlum;? ig\taoG;tom;jzpfaom ightxJ aumif; aomt&mbmrQ rSdonfudkigod\/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf vkyfvdkaomqEonf ightxJSdaomfvnf; aumif;aomt&mvkyfjcif;onf rSd
acs/ 19tb,faMumihfqdkaomf igvkyfvdkaomaumif;onfht&mudk igrvkyfbJ? igrvkyfvdkaom qdk; onfh
t&mudkyif igusifh\/ 20odkYaomf igrvkyfvdkaomt&mudkyif igvkyfaeonfqdkvQif? if;udkvkyfaeol
onf igr[kwfawmhbJ? ightxJaexdkifaomtjypfjzpfonf/

220

7;14]]ynwfw&m;awmfonf tjypfESifhqdkifonf/}} bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfrSm aumif;jrwfonf/

if; jyemrSdacs/ (i,f 12 ESifh 16)
]]igonf taoG;tom;ESifhqdkifoljzpfonf/}}aygvkonf a0g[m&udk (1) kyfcEmudk,fudkqdkvdkjcif;jzpf
aom Mum;aet"dyg,fjzifhoHk;jcif; (1;3/ 2;28/ 4;1/ 9;3? 5) ESifh (2) tm'HtxJ vlom;rsKd;EG,f\usqif;aom
obm0udkqdkvdkjcif;t"dyg,fjzifh (i,f 5)toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ ae&m rnfonfht"dyg,fudknTef;aMumif;
raocsmay/
]]tjypf\aus;uReftjzpf a&mif;pm;cH/}}if;onf PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfum ]]igonf
tjypf\aus;uReftjzpf a&mif;pm;jcif;cHcJhNyD;jzpfum? qufvufa&mif;cscHaeonf}}[k t"dyg,fSdonf/ ae&m
tjypfudk uRefydkifSifwpfOD;tjzpf wifpm;xm;onf/ jyKvkyfolrnfoljzpfaMumif; raocsmay/ pmwef? tjypf?
aygvk(0g)bk&m;ocifwpfrsKd;rsKd;jzpfEkdifonf/
"ra[mif;usrf; vlom;tm; rdrdxHawmfodkY jyefvnfqGJaqmifbdkY? bk&m;ocifoHk;aompum;vHk;rSm
aG;EIwfonf(0g)? aG;EIwf&efwefbdk;jzpfonf/ (tjcm;t"dyg,fwl pum;vHk;rsm;) if;\rl&if;t"dyg,frSm
]]jyef0,f,lonf}}(ESifht"dyg,fwlpum;vHk;rsm;udk txl;taMumif;t&m 3;24Munfh yg)/ if;\qefYusifbuf
oabmrSm ae&moHk;onfhpum;pkjzpfaom ]]\vufa&mif;cscH&aom}} jzpfonf/ (w&m;olBuD; 4;2/ 10;7/
1"r 12;9)/
7;15-24/ bk&m;ocif\om;orD;wpfa,muf ]]bk&m;obm0 (2ay 1;4)Sdaomfvnf; usqif;aomobm0
vnf;Sdonf/ (*v 5;17)/ tjypftvkyfrvkyfEkdif&ef pGrf;tm;BuD;pGm jyKxm;aomfvnf; (a&mr 6;6)vlom;\
tawGYtMuHKonf a&mr 7 udkvdkufvmonf/ vlom;wdkif;\ESvHk;om;xJ acG;rJwpfaumifESifh acG;jzLwpfaumif
pDSdonf[k *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;qdkygonf/ rdrdtpmtrsm;qHk;auR;aom taumifrSm tBudD;qHk;jzpfvmonf/
usrf;ydk'fudk uRefawmfzwfI&if; obm0ESpfrsKd;wdkY\ aeYpOfwdkufcdkufrIudk aygvkSif;vif;onfhtwdkif;
ol\a0'emudk uRefawmf awGYMuHKcHpm;ygonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf usqif;aomrdrdwdkY obm0rS vGwfajrmuf
apjcif; cHcJhMuNyDjzpfaomfvnf;? if;\aoG;aqmifrIudk uRefawmfwdkY qufvufcHaeMuonfrSm pdk;&drfbG,f&myif
jzpfonf/ jyif;xefaom0dnmOfwdkufyGJonf u,fwifjcif;&NyD;aemufrSom pwifavhonfrSm tHhMobG,fjzpf
onf/ &ifhusufjcif;[lonf oHk;ygwpfqlbk&m;SifESifh wif;rmrIjynfhESufaom aeYpOfrdwfo[m,jyKjcif;ESifh
qdk;oGrf;rI? aeYpOfwdkufcdkufryif jzpfayawmhonf/ (8;12-25? 26/ *v 5;16-18/ {zuf 6;10-18/ aum
3;5-10/ J. D. G. Dunn \ Jesus and the Spirit pmtkyfMunfhyg/)
7;16?20]]vQif}}ESpfckpvHk; yxrwef;pm; cRif;csufyg0gusrsm;jzpfum? pma&;oltjrif trSef[kjrifxm;jcif;(0g)
ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/
7;18]]ig\taoG;tom;jzpfaom ightxJ? aumif;aomt&m bmrQrSdonfudk igod\/}} aygvktcdkif
trmajymaeonfrSm kyfcEmudk,fonf raumif;[lr[kwfbJ? if;onf usqif;aomobm0ESifh bk&m;ocif
\0dnmOfawmfwdkY wdkufcdkuf&m ppfajrjyifjzpfonf[ljzpf\/ *&dvlrsKd;wdkYonf tjcm;aomt&mtm;vHk;enf;wl
vl\udk,fcEmrSm qdk;0g;onf[k qGJudkifxm;Muonf/ if;onf rSm;,Gif;aom aemhpwpft,l0g'jzpfonfh
ESpfrsKd;0g'(dualistic)qdkaom t,l0g'jzpfay:aponf/ ({zuf? aumavmoJESifh a,m[efMo0g'pmrsm;)
*&dvlrsKd;wdkYonf 0dnmOfa&;&mjyemrsm;twGuf ]]kyfcEm}}udk tjypfwifMuonf/ aygvkonf a0g[m&wdkY
tm; 0dnmOfa&;&mtjzpf rljrifacs/ olonf tjypfudkyk*dKvftjzpfwifpm;um? vlom;onf bk&m;Sif\ynwf
w&m;awmfudk ykefuef&jcif;rSm raumif;aom xdkt&m(yk*dKvf)onf vlobm0tm; usL;ausmfwdkufcdkufrItjzpf
221

toHk;jyKonf/ aygvka&;onfhpmrsm;Sd ]]taoG;tom;}}-flesh [laompum;vHk;onf (1)ukd,fusifhw&m;qdkif

&m Mum;aejzpfaomkyfcEm(1;3/ 2;28/ 4;1/ 9;3? 5) ESifh (2) tm'HxHrS tarGqufcH&Sdaom usqif;onfh
obm0 (i,f 5)wpfckckjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / aoG;om; Zmwd (sarx)-1;3Munfhyg/
7;20]]ightxJSdaomtjypf}}a&mrMo0g'pmonf vlom;\tjypfudk tvGefSif;vif;pGm azmfjyaomfvnf;
16;20 rwdkifrDpmweftm; razmfjyonfrSm pdwf0ifpm;p&mjzpfonf/ vlom;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY\tjypfjyem
twGuf pmwefudktjypfwifr&acs/ uRefawmfwdkY aG;cs,fydkifcGifhSdonf/ tjypfudk bk&ifwpfyg;? rif;qdk;
rif;npf? uRefydkifSifwpfOD;tjzpf wifpm;onf/ if;onf uRefawmfwdkYtm; bk&m;ay:rSDcdkrIuif;um? rnfrQyif
ay;qyf&onfjzpfap rdrd\twudk aSYwef;wif&ef zsm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifonf/ tjypfudkyk*dKvftjzpf aygvk
wifpm;jcif;onf urm 4;7u vlom;\aG;cs,frItm; ay:vGifaponf/
aygvkonf ]]Sd (aexdkif}}-dwell [laompum;vHk;udk tcef;BuD;xJtawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ (i,f
17? 18?20)/u,fwifjcif;&onfhtcg tjypfjynfhaomobm0udk rzsufpD;(0g)z,fSm;vdkufjcif; rjyKaomfvnf;?
tvkyfrvkyfEkdifatmif pGrf;tm;BuD;pGm wm;qD;onf/ if;onf qufvuf pGrf;tm;rJhjzpfoGm;a&;rSm rdrdwdkYtxJ
usdef;0yfaeol0dnmOfawmfESifh rdrdwdkY\ yl;aygif;aqmifGufrIay:rlwnfonf/(8;9?11)/ bk&m;ocifonf yk*dKvf
tjzpf wifpm;xm;olESifh yk*dKvfjzpfaom(pmwefESifh0dnmOfqdk;rsm;)tjypftm; wGef;vSefNzdKzsuf&ef vdktyforQudk
,HkMunfoltm; axmufyHh ay;tyfonf/ if;rSm oefYSif;aom0dnmOfawmf\twlSdaejcif;ESifh wefcdk;awmfjzpf
onf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfaom u,fwifjcif;udkvufcHonfhtwdkif;?
bk&m;ocif\tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfaom oefYSif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ xda&mufpGmwm;qD;rIudkvnf; vufcHMu&
ayrnf/ u,fwifjcif;ESifh c&pf,meftoufwmrSm ,HkMunfol\aeYpOfqHk;jzwfrItm;jzifhyif tqHk;owfaom
aeYpOfqufvufjzpfay:aeonfht&mjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkY\vdktyfrItm;vHk; axmufyHhay;
tyfcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmf(a&mr 8)? 0dnmOfvufeuftpHktvif ({zuf 6;11)? zGifhjyawmfrljcif;^Asm'dwf
awmf^{zuf 6;17^ESifh qkawmif;jcif;({zuf 6;18)ponfwdkYjzpfonf/
wdkufyGJonf jyif;xefaomfvnf; (a&mr 7)tEkdif&aomwdkufyGJjzpfonf/ (a&mr 8)/
NASB

(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 7;21-25

21

aumif;aomtusihfudkusifhcsifaom uREfkyftxJ qdk;aomt&mSdaeonf[laom ed,rw&m;udk

22
igawGY\/ taMumif;rlum; igonf twGif;vltm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfESifh 0rf;ajrmuf
pGm oabmwlnDnTwfonf/ 23odkYa omf ig\pdwfxJuw&m;udk qefYusifwdkufcdkuf? ightm; rdrd\
udk,ft*Fgrsm;xJSd tjypfw&m;\aus;uRefjzpfapaom? tjcm;qefYusifbufw&m;wpfck ig\udk,fcEm
t*Fgrsm; igjrif&\/ 24igonf 'kuonfjzpfa eygaumvm; ! aojcif;w&m;ESifhqdkifaom cEmudk,f
rS ighudk b,folvGwfajrmufaprnfenf; ? 25igwdkY\ocifa,Ic&pfawmftm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;
awmfcsD;rGrf;yg\! odkYjzifh igonf wpfzuf rdrdpdwftm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfudk tapcH
aomfvnf; tjcm;wbufrl? ig\taoG;tom;jzifh tjypfw&m;udktapcH\/
7;22 ]]bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmf}}/ pum;onf *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf armaS\ynwdusrf;udknTef;
onf[k em;vnfMuonf/ *sL;r[kwfolrsm;twGufrl
1/ obm0w&m;tm;jzifh oufaocHawmfrljcif; (a&mr 1;19-20/ qmvH 19;1-6)
2/ udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&mtwGif; Mowypdwf (a&mr 2;14-15)
3/ vlrIa&;qdkif&mpHrsm; (0g)kd;&m"avhrsm;
222


]]twGif;vltm;jzifh}}
]]twGif;bufvl\oabmtm;jzifh}}
]]ig\tqHk;pGefaomtw^Zmwd}}
]]ig\twGif;vl}}
aygvkonf vl\tjyifvl(kyfcEm)ESifh twGif;vl (0dnmOfcEm)[l 2aum 4;16cGJjcm;onf/ usrf;
ydk'f pum;onf aygvk\tydkif;(0g)bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfESifh ynwfawmfudkrSefaMumif; 0efcHonfhu,f
wifjcif;&aomvlom;udk &nfnTef;onf/
1/ ]]ynwfw&m;awmfrSm 0dnmOfa&;jzpfonf}} 7;14
2/ ]]igvkyfvdkaomt&m}} 7;15
3/ ]]ynwfw&m;awmf aumif;jrwfonf[k 0efcHum? ynwfw&m;awmfudk oabmwlonf}} 7;16
4/ ]]vkyfvdkaomqEightxJSdonf}} 7;18
5/ ]]igvkyfvdkaomaumif;jrwfonfht&m}} 7;19
6/ ]]igrvkyfvdkaom qdk;onfht&mudkrS igjzpfaponf}} 7;19
7/ ]]igrvkyfvdkaomt&mudkrS igvkyfaeonf}} 7;21
8/ ]]aumif;aomt&mvkyfvdkol}} 7;20
9/ ]]bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmftm; 0rf;ajrmufpGm oabmwlonf}} 7;22
10/ ]]ig\pdwfxJuw&m;}} 7;23
11/ ]]rdrdpdwftm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmftm; tapcH}} 7;25
bk&m;ocifESifhEIwfuywfawmftm; oduRrf;rIonf rvHkavmufaMumif; tcef;BuD; 7u jyoonf/
,HkMunfolrsm; 0dnmOfawmfvdktyfonf (tcef;BuD; 8)!
NASB
NKJV
NRSV, NJB
TEV

7;23 wu,fhjcm;em;rIwpfck 6;2/ 8;2ESifh 7;23wdkYSdonf/ ynwfawmf (nomos)tm; aygvkoHk;EIef;yHkudk

tcef;i,fonf Sif;vif;pGm ay:vGifapum (1) tjypfw&m; (8;21? 25)ESifh (2) bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmf
(i,f 22? 25)wdkYudk &nfnTef;onf/ apmapmydkif;u tcef;i,frsm;jzpfonfh ti,f 4? 5? 6? 7? 9ESifh 12wdkY
aygvkonf pum;vHk;udkoHk;&m "ra[mif;usrf;udkqdkvdkonf/ aygvkrSm "rynm enf;pepform;r[kwf
acs/ olonf ]]ynwfawmf}}-law \oabm tcuftcJawGYaeonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh if;rSm bk&m;ocif\
zGifhjyawmfrljcif;? vlom;twGuf tHhMobG,f&mtcrJhvufaqmifjzpfcJhaomfvnf;? tjcm;wbuf if;onf
tjypfw&m;tm; t"dyg,fowfrSwfum? usqif;aomvlom;rvdkufemEkdifonfh e,fedrdwfrsm; Sif;vif;pGm csrSwf
xm;aomt&mvnf;jzpfaeygonf/ xdke,fedrdwfwdkYrSm "ra[mif;usrf;\zGifhjyrIomvQifr[kwfbJ (qmvH 19;7
-14/ 119)udk,fusihfw&m;vrf;nTefrItm;vHk;jzpfonfh obm0tm;jzifh zGifhjyawmfrljcif; (qmvH 19;1-6/
a&mr 1;18- 3;31) (0g)vlrIa&;pHrsm;ESihf? "avhxHk;pHrsm;jzpfonf/ vlom;rsm;onf rdrdwdkYb0toD;oD;udk rdrd
udk,frdrduom tjynfht0udk,fwG,fvdkol ykefuefolrsm;jzpfMuonf!
7;24 if;onf u,fwifjcif;&Sdolwpfa,muf ajymjcif;jzpfEkdifygovm;? tcsKdUur[kwfyg[k ajymjcif;jzifh
tcef;BuD;ckepfonf udk,fusihfw&m;? bmoma&;udk &nfnTef;um? u,fwifjcif;r&oludk ajymjcif;jzpfoGm;ap
onf/ tjcm;olrsm;url [kwfygonf[k ajymjyjcif;jzifh tcef;BuD;onf owif;aumif;wif;rmrIjzpfonfh
,HkMunfolrsm;twGif;]]jzpfaeNyD;om;t&mESifh rjzpf&ao;aomt&m}}udk&nfnTef;onf/ tem*wfumv jzpfysuf
rnfht&mrsm; ,ckray:vGifao;acs/ t&mESpfckMum; vSpf[maeyHkudk &ifhusufaom,HkMunfolonf pl;SpGm
odjrifonf/
223


NASB
]]aojcif;w&m;ESifhqdkifaom cEmudk,f}}
NKJV, NRSV ]]aojcif ; ES i f h q d k i f a omcE m ud k , f } }
TEV
]]ightm; aojcif;w&m;okdY ac:aqmifoGm;aom udk,fcEm}}
NJB
]]aobdkY&ef pD&ifcsufcsxm;onfh udk,fcEm }}

kyfcEmESihfpdwfwdkYonf olwdkY[molwdkY qdk;oGrf;onfr[kwfacs/ if;wdkYrSm urmN*dKvfay:Sd touf

twGufESifh rdrdESihf rdwfo[m,jyK&ef bk&m;ocifzefqif;aomt&mrsm;yifjzpfonf/ olwdkYudk ]]tvGefaumif;}}
aomt&mrsm;tjzpf zefqif;jcif;jzpfonf/ (urmOD; 1;31)/ odkYaomf urmOD; 3onf vlom;ESifhN*dKvftm;
ajymif;vJoGm;aponf/ urmrSm bk&m;ocifjzpfapvdkaom urmr[kwfbJ? uRefawmfwdkYonfvnf; bk&m;o
cifMuHG,fxm;onfh vlom;rsm;r[kwfMuawmhacs/ tjypfonf zefqif;jcif;tm; jywfjywfxifxif xdcdkufoGm;cJh
onf/ tjypfonf aumif;rGefaomt&mudk vlom;xHrS,lum? twudktajcjyKonfh qdk;oGrf;aomt&mtjzpf
wGefYvdrfoGm; aponf/ cEmudk,fESihfpdwfrSm aoG;aqmifjcif;ESifhtjypfwdkY\ ppfajrjyifjzpfvmonf/ aygvkonf
xdkwdkufyGJudk pl;SpGmcHpm;onf! olonf uyfumvtopf? udk,fcEmtopf? bk&m;ocifESifhrdwfo[m,jzpfjcif;
wdkYudk awmifhwonf/ (8;23)/
7;25 if;onf ydkrdkjrifhrm;aomtydkif;jzpfonfh a&mr 8 \tusOf;csKyfjzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap tcef;BuD; 8
yif ti,f 5-11 awGU&aom tvm;wlqGJqefYrIrsKd;awGU&onf/
aygvkonf rnfolYtm; ajymaeoenf;qdkonfh ar;cGef;onf teufzGifhorm;rsm;tm; csmcsmvnfoGm;
aponf/
1/ olYudk,fwdkifESifh ,k'bmomtwGif; olYtawGUtMuHKrsm;
2/ c&pf,mefrsm;tm;vHk;
3/ vlom;rsm;\ Oyrmjzpfoltm'H
4/ tpa&;ESihfynwfw&m;awmftm; oloduRrf;yHkESifh odonfhtwdkif; emcH&efysufuGufyHk
vlyk*dKvfESifhqdkifaom]]ig}}onf # 1(7-13? 25)ESifh #2(14-25)wdkYESifh qufpyfonf/ a&mr 7;7-25
tm; usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnf&yHkMunfhyg/ tcef;BuD; 7\ emusifrIa0'emonf tcef;BuD;
8\ cef;em;x,f0grIESifh qufpyfNyD;? if;udk ausmfvGefyifoGm;ygonf!
]]bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zll;awmfcsD;rGrf;ygonf}} atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mMunfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/aygvk\csD;rGrf;jcif;?qkawmif;jcif;ESifh bk&m;ocif
tm; aus;Zl;wifjcif;

aygvkrSm csD;rGrf;aomoljzpfonf/ olonf "ra[mif;usrf;ukd oduRrf;onf/ qmvHusrf;\yxrtydkif;

av;ydkif;pvHk; bk&m;ociftm; csD;rGrf;jcif;jzifh tqHk;owfonf/ (qmvH 41;13/ 72;19/ 89;52/ 106;48)/
aygvkonf bk&m;ocifudk csD;rGrf;um? yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;jzifh txl;wvnf; csD;usL;jcif;jyKonf/
1/ ol\Mo0g'pmrsm;\ tzGifhed'gef;rsm;
u/ tzGifhaumif;csD;ay;jcif; (0g)EIwfqufpum;rsm; (a&mr 1;7/ 1aum 1;3/ 2aum 1;2)
c/ tzGifhr*Fvmpum;rsm; (eulogtos, 2aum 1;3-4/ {zuf 1;3-14)/
2/ yGifhxGufvmaom wdkawmif;onfhcsD;rGrf;jcif;rsm;
u/ a&mr 1;25/ 9;5
224

c/ 2aum 11;31
3/ bk&m;ociftm; csD;usL;jcif;rsm;(doxa-glory ac:bkef;awmfqdkonfh toHk;tEIef;ESifh]]xm0&}}qdkonfh
toHk;tEIef;rsm;jzifh awGY&onf)
u/ a&mr 11;36/ 16;25-27
c/ {zuf 3;20-21
*/ zd 4;20
C/ 1wd 1;17
i/ 2wd 4;18
4/ aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif; (Oyrm euchariste)
u/ Mo0g'pmed'gef;rsKd;jcif;rsm; (a&mr 1;8/ 1aum 1;4/ 2aum 1;11/ {zuf 1;16/ zd 1;3/ aum
1;3? 12/ 1ouf 1;2/ 2ouf 1;3/ zdavrkef 4/ 1wd 1;12/ 2wd 1;3)
c/ aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;&ef ac:zdwfrIrsm; ({zuf 5;4? 20/ zd 4;6/ aum 3;15? 17/ 4;2/ 1ouf
5;18)/
5/ yGifhxGufvmaom wdkawmif;onfhaus;Zl;awmf csD;rGrf;jcif;rsm;
u/ a&mr 6;17/ 7;25
c/ 1aum 15;57
*/ 2aum 2;14/ 8;16/ 9;15
C/ 1ouf 2;13
i/ 2ouf 2;13
6/ tqHk;owfaumif;csD;ay;jcif;rsm;
u/ a&mr 16;20? 24
c/ 1aum 16;23-24
*/ 2aum 13;14
C/ *v 6;18
i/ {zuf 6;24
aygvkonf oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;tm; "roabmESifh tawGYtMuHKtm;jzifhyg odSdonf/ ol\Mo0g'pm
rsm;udk qkawmif;jcif;ESifh csD;rGrf;jcif;rsm;jzifh tpjyKavhSdonf/ ol\wifjyrIrsm;tv,f *kPfawmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;
ESifh aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;rsm; yGifhxGufvmavhSdonf/ rdrd\Mo0g'pmrsm; tqHk;owf&m qkawmif;&ef?
*kPfawmfcsD;rGrf;&efESifh aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;&ef owd&avhSdonf/ aygvk\pmta&;tom;rsm;onf qkawmif;
jcif;?*kPfawmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;ESifh aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;rsm;jzifh toufSLaeonf/ olonf bk&m;ocifudkodonf/
rdrdudk,frdrdodum? owif;aumif;udkodSdonf/

aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm;
pmtkyfonf teufzGifhrItwGuf vrf;nTefjcif;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pm
tm;? rdrdukd,fwdkifteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0efSdonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&Sdxm;
onfh tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif? ormusrf;pmESifh
oefUSif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmteufzGihfjcif;tvkyftm;? teufzGifhusrf;
a&;om;olrsm;tay:om yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
225

aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfaom ar;cGef;rsm;rSm pmtkyf\ tydkif;wGifyg0ifaomt"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;

tm;pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJ?pOf;pm;qifjcifrItm; EId;qGay;jcif;omjzpfonf/
1/ tcef;BuD; 6onf tcef;BuD; 7 ESifh rnfuJhodkY qufpyfoenf;?
2/ "ra[mif;usrf;\ynwfw&m;onf "ropfusrf; ,HkMunfolrsm;ESifh rnfodkYqufpyfoenf;? (2aum 3;111/ a[NAJ 8;7? 13)
3/ rdrdwdkY\b0a[mif;ESifh rdrdwdkY\qufpyfrItm; Sif;vif;&ef aygvkonf tcef;BuD; 6ESifh 7wdkY rnfonfh
OyrmESpfrsKd;jzifh Sif;vif;oenf;?
4/ c&pf,mefonf armaS\ynwdusrf;ESifh rnfodkYqufpyfoenf;?
5/ a&mr 7;7-25tm; teufzGifh&m twKywdoabmESifh udk,fpm;jyKjcif;oabmjzifh teufjyefjcif;ESpfrsKd;wdkY\
uGJjym;jcm;em;rIudk rdrdpum;jzifh Sif;vif;yg/
6/ a&mr 7\azmfjyrIrSm u,fwifjcif;r&aomolvm;? r&ifhusufaom,HkMunfolvm;? odkYr[kwf ,HkMunfol
tm;vHk;udkbJvm;?

226

a&mr 8
acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm; tydkif;vdkufcJGjcif;
UBS4

0dnmOfawmfxJtouf

NKJV

8;12-17

8;12-17

bk&m;\u,fwif
aomvkyfaqmifrI
8;1-4
aoG;om;xJESifh
0dnmOfawmfxJtouf
8;5-8
8;9-11
0dnmOfawmfESifhom;
t&m csD;ajrmufjcif;
8;12-17

vmvwHUaom
bkef;wefcdk;
8;18-25

'kucHjcif;rSbkef;BuD;
jcif;odkY
8;18-30

pHkvifjcif;udkarQmf
vifhjcif;
8;18-25

arwmawmf

xm0&arwmawmf

8;28-30
arwmawmftm;

8;31-39

8;31-39

8;31-39

8;1-11

txJusdef;0yfaom
tjypfrS vGwfajrmufjcif;
8;1-11

NRSV

tausmhvdkuf zwfIjcif;jzpfpOfoHk;(pm

Xi

TEV

NJB

0dnmOfawmf
xJtouf
8;1-8

0dnmOfawmfESifh
qdkifaomtouf
8;1-11

8;9-11

8;12-17

8;12-13
bk&m;\om;orD;rsm;
8;14-17
tem*wf
igwdkY\yef;wdkif
bkef;BuD;jcif;
bkef;BuD;jcif;
8;18-25
8;18-25
bk&m;onf rdrd\
bkef;awmfudka0rQ&Sd
&efigwdkYudkac:xm; onf/
8;28-30
8;28-30
c&pfawmfa,I
arwmawmfbGJU
,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif; xJarwmawmf
8;31-39
8;31-39

Munhf)

rl&if;pma&;ol\ &nfG,fcsufudk pmydk'ftvdkuf em;vnfjcif;

if;rSm teufzGifhrIvrf;nTeftm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&efrl
rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd&Sdaomtvif;xJ avQmufoGm;&efjzpfrnf/
ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif? ormusrf;pmESifh oefUSif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;
jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;olrsm;tay:om yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
tcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf; tNyD;zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm; owfrSwfyg/ rdrd\
taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk txufygacwfopfbmomjyef usrf;ig;ckwdkUESifhEIdif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif; r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nfG,fcsuftm;em;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/
if;rSm teufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD; pmydk'fwpfydk'f
taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;Sdonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd, pmydk'
4/ ... pojzifh
227

usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnfjcif;
u/ tcef ; BuD ; onf 1;18 aygvk p wif a jymcJ h a omt&m\ txG # f txd w f j zpf o nf / if ;\tprS m
]]jypf'PfpD&ifjcif; rcH&}} (w&m;Oya'qdkif&m &yfwnfcsuf)[ljzpfNyD;? tqHk;rSm ]]rcGJjcm;Edkif}} (wpfOD;csif;
rdwfo[m,jyKrI)[ljzpfonf/ "roabmtm;jzifh if;onf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;rS oefYSif;apjcif;odkY
aGYvsm;oGm;um? wzefoefYSif;apjcif;rS bkef;BuD;apjcif;odkY ul;ajymif;oGm;onf/ (i,f 29-30)
c/ if;rSm bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; rdrd\0dnmOfawmfay;jcif; "roabmtm;jzifh aqG;aEG;wif
jyrI tajctaewdk;wufjzpfay:yHkjzpfonf/ (Sifa,m[ef\wifjyyHk a,m[ef 14;12-31/ 16;7-16)/
ti,f 14 \tjyKcHBud,m (PASSIVE VERB) vkyfaqmifolrSm 0dnmOfawmfjzpfum? usqif;cJhNyD;ol
vlom;rsm;\b0 toufwm xJ {0Ha*vdw&m; ouf0ifvIyfSm;yHkudk ajymjyonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf
olwdkYESifhtwl? aexdkifum? olwdkYtxJ usdef;0yfvsuf olwdkYtxJ c&pfawmfudk pwifyHkazmfoGm;rnfjzpf
onf/ tcef;BuD; 8 0dnmOf[l aoma0g[m& 21BudrfausmfoHk;um? tcef;BuD; 7rl xdkpum;vHk;ryg
acs/ (xdkenf;wl tcef;BuD; 3-6 twGif; xdkpum;vHk;rygbJ? tcef;BuD; 1-2twGif; oHk;Budrfomyg0if
onf / *&d p um; p n e u m a onf rnf o nf h a e&m vl \ 0d n mOf j zpf N yD ; ? rnf o nf h a e&m
oefYSif;aom0dnmOfawmfudk&nfnTef;aMumif; aocsm&efcufcJrISdonf)
*/ b0toufwm vlom;rsm;vdkufaomtjrifESpfrsKd; ESpfpm;ygavhSd&m (wpfOD;csif;\avmutjrifrsm;)
toufSifjcif;yHkpHESpfrsKd;? OD;pm;ay;ESpfrsKd;? vrf;ESpfvrf;(vrf;us,fESifhvrf;usOf;)pojzifhSdNyD;? ae&mrl
aoG;om;ESifh oefYSif;aom0dnmOfawmfjzpfonf/ wpfrsKd;onf toufSifapum? tjcm;wpfrsKd;onf
aojcif;odkYydkYaqmifonf/ t&mudkyif "ra[mif;usrf;\ynmqdkif&musrf;rsm; xHk;pHtm;jzifh ]]vrf;ESpf
vrf;}}[kac:onf/ xm0&touf? 0dnmOftoufpojzifh odjrifem;vnfavmufaom xl;jcm;rIrsm;Sdonf/
(aoG;om;aemuf vdkufjcif;ESifh 0dnmOfaemufvdkufjcif;wdkYrSm qefYusifbufrsm;jzpfonf/)
"roabmqdkif&m taMumif;t&mwpfckvHk; (a&mr 1-8) pmwefpum;vHk;rygaMumif; rSwfom;yg/
a&mr 16;20 rwdkifrcsif; olYtm; razmfjyacs/ pl;pdkufrIjyKonfrSm vlom;\tm'Hqdkif&m usqif;aomobm0
jzpfonf/ vlom;onf bk&m;ociftm; qefYusifykefuefrItwGuf? obm0w&m;udk ausmfvGefaomtjzpftysuf
wpfckjzpfonfh {'ifO,smOfxJu aoG;aqmifjcif;udk (]]rm&fewfaMumifh igvkyfwm!}})[laom usqif;onfh
vlom;\taMumif;jycsufudk enf;jzifh aygvkonf jrifuGif;rS z,fSm;jcif;jzpfonf/ vlom; wm0efSd
onf/
C/ tcef;BuD; ormw&m;trsKd;rsKd;tm; taMumif;t&mtvdkuf tpkvdkufazmfjyjcif;rsKd;r[kwfbJ? [dk[m
jyefazmfjy? onf[mjyefqJG,lum azmfjyjcif;jzpfojzifh tusOf;csKHU&ef vGefpGmcufcJonf/
i/ ti,f 12-17 pdwfcs,HkMunfjcif;taMumif;tm; ,HkMunfolrsm;udk ajymjyonf/
1/ yxrqHk;tcsufrSm urmYtjrifajymif;vJvmyHkESifh 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh jzpfajrmufoGm;aom touf
Sifjcif;yHkpHopfjzpfonf/
2/ bk&m;ocifudk aMumufGHUjcif;tpm; rdom;pkcspfjcif;arwmonf 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh tpm;xdk;0if
vmonf/
3/ wwd,rSm uRefawmfwdkY\om;jzpfjcif;t&mtm; oefYSif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh twGif;bufrS
twnfjyKay;jcif;jzpfonf/
4/ pwkwtcsufrSm twnfjyKay;jcif;t&mrSm usqif;aomavmujyemrsm;ESifh kef;uefrIrsm;
tv,fyif rSefuefaocsmaejcif;jzpfonf/
228

p/ ti,f 31-39 rSm w&m;cGifyHkpHjzpfum? "ra[mif;ya&mzufrsm;\ pma&;[efyHkpHjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifrSm

w&m;olBuD;? pmwefrSm w&m;vdk? a,IrSm ckcHavQmufvJol (tusKd;aqmifaSUae)ESifh aumif;uifwrefwdkY
rSm yGJMunfhy&dowfESifh ,HkMunfolvlom;wdkYrSm pmwef\pGyfpGJcHolrsm;jzpfMuonf/(a,mb 1-2/ Zmc&d 3)/
1/ w&m;Oya'qdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;
u/ igwdkYwbuf (i,f -31)
c/ tjypfwif (i,f 33)
*/ ajzmifhrwf&mwnfap (i,f 33)
C/ jypf'PfpD&if (i,f 34)
i/ Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay; (i,f 34)
2/ w&m;pJGqdkjcif; ]]tb,fol}}(i,f 31? 33? 34 (3-cg)? 35
3/ c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocif\yHhydk;rprI (i,f 32? 34)
4/ bk&m;ocifxHawmfrS rcGJxkwfEdkif
u/ avmutajctaersm; (i,f 35)
c/ "ra[mif;usrf;rS qmvH 44;22 (i,f 36)
*/ atmifjrifjcif; (i,f 37? 39)
C/ obm0vGef tajctaersm; (0g)taMumif;&if;rsm; (i,f 37-39)

pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pkrsm;avhvmjcif;
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / / 8;1-8
1
xdkYaMumifh ,ckwGif a,Ic&pfawmfxJSdolrsm;twGuf 'PfpD&ifjcif;rSdawmhacs/ 2taMumif;rSm
c&pfawmfa,ItxJu toufESifhqdkifaom 0dnmOfawmfw&m;onf tjypfESifhvnf;aumif;? aojcif;ESifh
vnf;aumif; qdkifaomw&m;rS oifwdkYudkvGwfajrmufapcJhNyD/ 3taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;awmfonf
aoG;om;ZmwdaMumifh tm;enf;um? rwwfEkdifaomt&mudk bk&m;ocifonf jyKawmfrlum? rdrd\
om;awmftm; tjypfESifhjynfhaom aoG;om;Zmwd\yHko@mefudkaqmifvsuf? tjypfylaZmf&mtjzpf
apvTwfum? tjypfudk aoG;om;Zmwd jypf'PfpD&ifonf/ 4if;rSm aoG;om;Zmwdtvdkr vdkufbJ?
0dnmOfawmftvdktwdkif;vdkufaom igwdkYtxJ ynwfw&m;awmf\ awmif;qdkrIjynfhpHkap&efjzpfonf/
5
taMumif;rlum;? aoG;om;Zmwdtvdktwdkif;vdkufaom olrsm;onf aoG;om;ZmwdESifhqdkifaomt&m
rsm;udk pdwfpGJvrf;Muaomfvnf;? 0dnmOfawmf\tvdktwdkif;vdkuf aomolrsm;onf 0dnmOfa wmfESifh
qdkifaomt&mrsm;udk pdwfpGJvrf;Mu\/ 6taMumif;rlum;? aoG;om;Zmwdudk pGJvrf;jcif;onf aojcif;
7
jzpfaomfvnf;? 0dnmOfawmftm; pGJvrf;jcif;rSm toufSifjcif;ESifh Nidrfoufjcif;jzpfonf/ tb,f
aMumifhqdkaomf aoG;om;ZmwdpGJvef;jcif;onf bk&m;ociftm; qefYusifbufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/taMumif;
rSm aoG;om;Zmwdonf bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfudk remcHEkdif/ taMumif;rSm emcHjcif;vnf;
rjyKEkdif/ 8aoG;om;Zmwd usifvnfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\pdwfawmfudk rawGYEkdifacs/
8;1
NASB
]]xdkYaMumifh ,ckwGif}}- Therefore there is now''
NKJ V, NRSV ''there is therefore now''
TEV
''There is''
229

]]xdkYaMumifh taMumif;&if;...}}the reason, therefore

if;onf aemufydkif;taMumif;t&mtm; jyefajymjyonf/ tcsKdUonf 7;24-25tm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf
[kqdkaomfvnf;? 3;21- 7;25tm; &nfnTef;jcif;ydkjzpfEkdifonf/
NJB

]]r}}*&d0gus]]r}}onf t&ifqHk;pum;vHk;jzpfonf/ c&pfawmfSdolrsm; (i,f 1-3)ESifh 0dnmOfawmf\tvdk

twdkif;vdkufaomolrsm; (i,f 4-11)tm; tav;teufjyK azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ ae&m y#dnOfw&m;opf\
rsufESmpmESpfrsKd;ygSdonf/
1/ if;rSm c&pfawmftxJu tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfonf
2/ if; toufSifjcif;yHkpHwpfckjzpfonfh y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m wHkYjyefrIvdktyfonf/
ajzmifhrwf&m wnfapjcif;onf (5;1-11)jrif&onfht&m (tjzpfrSef- INDICATIVE)ESifh pdwfoEmef
Sdaomt&m(IMPERATIVE)ESpfrsKd;vHk;jzpfonf/ if;rSm ajymqdkazmfjycsufESifh toufSifjcif;yHkpHESpfrsKd;vHk;jzpf
onf/
]]Jjypf'PfpD&ifjcif;}}pum;vHk; katakrima udk *&d"ra[mif;usrf; oHk;avhrSdaomfvnf; vdkufemaqmif
GufrIrSdjcif;twGuf usdefqJjcif;tr*Fvmudk xif[yfaponf/ w&m;a[m 27;26(w&m;a[m 27;26udk usdefqJ
jcif;ESifhtwljzpfaom *v 3;10oHk;onf)/ ]]w&m;kH;\pD&ifcsuftwdkif; jypf'Pfay;jcif;}}[kt"dyg,f&onf/
if;onf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;ESifh qefYusifum w&m;kH;awmf? w&m;Oya'ESifhqdkifonf/ if;rSm aygvkoHk;aom
a0g[m&jzpfum (5;16? 18)"ropfusrf;rS vTJvQifrnfonfhae&mrQ roHk;acs/
jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;oabmudk pmwefonf bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;tm; y#dnOfw&m;csKd;azgufonf[k pGyfpGJ
&moHk;um? aemufydkif; tpa&;vlrsKd;r[kwfaom a,mbuJhodkYaomolrsm;tm; pGyfpGJ&moHk;onf/ (a,mb
1-2)/ odkYaomf ,cktcg ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ynwfw&m;buf c&pfawmfESifhtwl aoqHk;cJhMuNyDjzpf&um;
(a&mr 6) ynwfw&m;awmfyifjzpfap? pmwefyifjzpfap? pGyfpGJp&mtaMumif;rSdawmhacs/
King James Version bmomjyefusrf;onf ti,f 1]]aoG;om;ZmwdaemufrvdkufbJ? 0dnmOfawmf
tvdkaemufvdkufaomol}}pum;pktm; jznfhpGufonf/ aS;a[mif;*&dvufa&;usrf; trsm;tjym;wdkYwGif ti,f 1
pum;pkrygacs/ UBS4onf if;udkcsefxm;um]]A}}tqifh(aocsm)owfrSwfonf/ xdkpum;pkrSm ti,f 4
usrS omygonf/ if;onf "roabmt& ti,f 1ESifhvHk;0roifhawmfaomfvnf; ti,f 4 ESifhrl vHk;0udkufnD
onf/ ti,f 1-3onf &yfwnfrIqdkif&m oefYSif;pifMu,frI (tjzpfrSefudkazmfjyjcif;)jzpfNyD; ti,f 4-11 rl
tawGYtMuHKtm;jzifh oefYSif;pifMu,fjcif;(6;4\txl;taMumif;t&m) odkYr[kwf c&pfawmfESifhwljcif; (cdkif;ap
jcif;-8;29\ txl;taMumif;t&mMunfhyg)/ William R. Newell \Romans Verse by Verse (Moody,
1938) \pmrsufESm 289Sd atmufajcrSwfpkudk rSwfom;yg/
]]bmomjyefusrf;wpfckjzpfaom Revised Version onf}}aoG;om;ZmwdaemufrvdkufbJ? 0dnmOfawmf\
tvdkodkY vdkufaomol}}[laompum;pktm; rSefuefpGmcsefxm;onf/ vGefcJhaomESpfaygif; 300ausmfu King
James bmomjyefaomtcsdefumvrSp? ,ckuREfkyfwdkYSdaom taumif;qHk;trSefqHk; *&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;
jyefvnfawGYSdvmcJhMuonf/ King James bmomjyefrSp vufa&;jzifha&;ul;&m ygvmaomrSm;,Gif;rIrsm;
tm; jyifqif&mMumanmif;um? ysif;&dNid;aiGYbG,f&maumif;vSaomfvnf; vGefpGmtusKd;BuD;vSaomtvkyftm;
bk&m;ocifudk kdaoudkif;Idif;olrsm;onf qEjyif;jypGmESifh wnfMunfpGmvkyfcJhMuonf/ uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;
odxm;Muonfhtwdkif; ormusrf;pm\rlv yxrrl&if;vufa&;usrf;rsm; uRefawmfwdkYrSdawmhacs/ vlom;rsm;
yDyDkyfwkqif;wkudk;uG,f&ef tNrJpdwf,dkifolvlom;rsm;vufxJ xdkrlvvufa&;usrf;rsm; Sdraeap&ef bk&m;
ociftvdkSdjzpfonf/
230

a&mrtcef;BuD; 8 ti,f 1 ukd]]c&pfawmfa,ItxJ}}pum;pkjzifh tqHk;owf&rSmjzpfNyD; if;twGuf

taMumif;&if;av;ckSdonf/ (1) ]]aoG;om;ZmwdaemufrvdkufbJ? 0dnmOfawmf\tvdkodkY vdkufaomol}}pum;pk
tm; tcef;i,f 1rS csefvSyfxm;&m *&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;\taxmuftxm; BuD;rm;pGmSdum? pum;vHk;rsm;
tm; tcef;i,f (4)xnfh&ef tm;vHk;u oufaoxlaeygonf/ (2) 0dnmOfoabmt& em;vnf&jcif;onf
vnf; oabmwlnDonf/ taMumif;rSm pum;pkudk tcef;i,f 1 xnfhygu igwdkY\vHkjcHKrIonf bk&m;o
cif\0dnmOfawmfay: rrlwnfawmhbJ? rdrdwdkY\avQmufvSrf;rIay:rlwnfjcif; jzpfoGm;aponf/ odkYaomf c&pf
awmfa,ItxJSdoltm;vHk; jypf'PfpD&ifcsufESifhvGwfuif;aMumif; Mo0g'pmwavQmufvHk; yGifhvif;pGm
oGefoifxm;onf/ odkYr[kwfygu igwdkY\vHkjcHKrIonf c&pfawmftxJ rdrdwdkY\taetxm;aMumifhr[kwfbJ?
igwdkY\vdkufavQmufrIay: rlwnfjcif;jzpfoGm;onf/ (3) pum;pktm; tcef;i,f 4tqHk;xm;&ef oifhawmf
yHkrSm Sif;vif;vSonf/ taMumif;rSm ti,f 4onf jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;rS ,HkMunfolvGwfajrmufaMumif;tm;
Sif;vif;a&;om;jcif;r[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfol\avQmufvSrf;yHkudk a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/(4)King Jamesbmom
jyefusrf; tcef;i,f 1tqHk;pum;vHk;rSm wpfrsKd;jzpfum? (usrf;pma&;ul;oltcsKdU\ atmufajcrSwfpk)if;
onf pvHk;BuD;jzifh a&;aomvufa&;usrf;rsm;jzpfonfh Aleph, A, B, C, D, F, G, A, D(corr.) wdkYrSmenf;wl
tcsKdUaomaumif;rGefonfh pmvHk;ao;jzifha&;onfhpmrlrsm;ESifh aS;a[mif;bmomjyefusrf;rsm; (Olshausen,
Meyer, Alford, J.FESifh Darby \ Synopsis, in loc xl;uJaomaqG;aEG; wifjyrI wdkYudkMunfhyg/) odkYaomf
w&m;Oya'udk aMumufjcif;aMumifh gloss pum;enf;wl tjcm;aomaygif;xnfhjcif;rsKd;vnf; tjcm;usrf;ydk'f
rsm;awGY&onf/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\EIwfuywfawmftm; bmomjyef&efESifh xdkbmomjyefusrf;rsm;onfvnf; rl&if;
pmrsm;enf;wl tcGifhtmPmSdNrJSdapyHkudk a[NAJ"ra[mif;usrf;tm; *&dbmomodkYjyefaom Septuagint (Lxx)udk
"ropfusrf; &nfnTef;toHk;jyKjcif;tm;jzifh odSd&onf/
bk&m;ocifonf igwdkYtwGuf csefay;xm;cJhaom tqdkygvufa&;usrf;rsm;ukd av;eufpGmavhvm&m
rdrdwdkY\b0wpfckvHk; qufuyftoHk;jyKcJhMuaomolwdkYaMumifh uRefawmfwdkYSdaom rQtHhMobG,f&m pHkvif
jynfh0onfh bmomjyefusrf;wpfusrf;tm; uRefawmfwdkYudk ay;jcif;twGuf bk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifMu&rSm
jzpfonf/ xdkuJhodkYaom usrf;wwfyk*dKvfrsm;ukd rmeaxmifvTm;aom acwfopf0g'rsm;-Modernist (odkYr[kwf
,cifu]]Higher Critics ac:olrsm;)rsm;ESifh t<uif;rJh? tNrJxm0&cGJjcm;odSdMu&ayrnf/ taMumif;rSm xdkacwf
opf0g'orm;rsm;rSm bk&m;ocifajymcJhaomt&mtm; awGYSdEkdif&ef eufIdif;pGm ESdrfhcsNyD;pl;prf;SmazG&rnfh tpm;
bk&m;ocifonf ormusrf;pmxJ odkYajymoifhaMumif;tm; uRefawmfwdkYudkajymjy&ef wm0ef,lolrsm;jzpfMu
aomaMumif;wnf;/ (p.289)
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oG,frI}}ESifh twlwljzpfonf/ aygvkonf a,Iudkodonf? cspfonf? tapcHum? ol0rf;ajrmufonf/ owif;
aumif;rSm ,HkMunf&efowif;pum;ESifh BudKqdk&ef yk*dKvfwpfOD;jzpfonf/ 'roufNrdKU oGm;&mvrf;ray: olESifh
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a,ItaMumif; "roabmw&m;rSm a,IESifhawGYNyD;rS aygufzGm;vmonf/ olonf rdrd\tawGYtMuHKudk
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(rJ 28;18-20/ vkum 24;47/ wref 1;8)/ ocifbk&m;udk oduRrf;&jcif;rSm olYudktapcH&efjzpfonf/
&ifhusufaomc&pf,mef rSm owif;pum;wpf&yf? yk*dKvfwpfOD;ESifh toufSifjcif;yHkpHwpfckjzpfonf! (1;5\
rSwfcsuf Munfhyg)/
231

8;2]]toufESifhqdkifaom 0dnmOfawmfw&m;...tjypfESifhvnf;aumif;? aojcif;ESifhvnf;aumif;qdkifaomw&m;}}

if;\jzpfEkdifacs/ &nfnTef;csufrSm1/ tjypfESifhqdkifaomw&m; (a&mr 7;10? 23? 25)ESifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmftopf(a&mr
7;6? 22? 25)wdkY\ uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;
2/ ]]cspfjcif;arwmw&m;}}(,mukyf 1;25/ 2;8? 12)\wzufNydKifbuf ]]armaS\ynwdusrf;}}(7;612)/
3/ acwfa[mif;\wzufNydKifbuf acwfopf
4/ y#dnOfw&m;ta[mif;ESifh y#dnOfw&m;topfwdkY NydKifbuf(a,& 31;31-34/ "ropfusrf;\a[NAJ
Mo0g'pm)
qefYusifbufyHkpHrSm qufvufjzpfay:aeonf/
1/ c&pfawmfxJu toufjzpfaom0dnmOfawmfw&m;\NydKifbuf-tjypfESifhaojcif;w&m;/ i,f 2
2/ aoG;om;Zmwdtvdk\NydKifbuf-0dnmOf\tvdk/ i,f 4ESifh 5
3/ aoG;om;ZmwdESifhqdkifaomt&mrsm;\NydKifbuf-0dnmOfawmfESifhqdkifaomt&mrsm;/ i,f 5
4/ aoG;om;ZmwdESihfqdkifaomt&mrsm; pdwfpGJvrf;jcif;\NydKifbuf-0dnmOfawmfESifhqdkifaomt&mrsm;tm; pdwfpGJ
vrf;jcif;/ i,f 5
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6/ aoG;om;Zmwd\NydKifbuf-0dnmOfawmf/ i,f 9
7/ aovljzpfaom udk,fcEm\NydKifbuf-toufSifaom0dnmOf/ i,f 10
8/ oifwdkYao&vdrfhrnf\NydKifbuf-oifwdkYtoufSifvdrfhrnf/ i,f 13
9/ uRefjzpfjcif;0dnmOfr[kwf\NydKifbuf-om;jzpfapjcif;0dnmOf/ i,f 15
NASB \ormusrf;pmavhvmjcif;(pm? 1645) a&mrMo0g'pmxJ ynwfw&m;-law(Oya')pum;vHk;
oHk;EIef;yHkrsm;taMumif; pdwf0ifpm;p&m pm&if;wpfckSdonf/
1/ xdef;csKyfjcif;wefcdk;/ 8;2
2/ bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmf/ 2;17-20/ 9;31/ 10;3-5
3/ armaS\ynwdusrf; (yxrusrf; ig;usrf;)/ 3;21
4/ "ra[mif;usrf;wpfckvHk;/ 3;19
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NASB, NRSV
NJB
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ti,f 2-3onf tcef;BuD; 6 \"roabmw&m;qdkif&m owif;pum;jzpfonf/ aS;a[mif;*&d

vufa&;usrf;rsm; rwlaomemrfpm;tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/
1/ A,D, K&Pvufa&;rlrsm; ]]ightm;}}hhjzpfonf/
2/ Aleph, B,F&G wdkY ]]oifwdkYtm;}}jzpfonf/
3/ aemufydkif;jzpfaom pmvHk;BuD;jzifha&;onfh Shema ]]igwdkY}}jzpfonf/
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(tvGefcufcJonf)ay;onf/
232

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pmrsm; jyefay:vmavhSdonf/
8;3]]ynwfw&m;awmfrvkyfEkdifonfht&m}}/ armaS\ynwfw&m;onf aumif;jrwf oefYSif;onfrSefaomf
vnf; vlom;onf tm;enf; tjypfjynfhonf/ (7;12? 16)/ ae&mSd Bud,mrSm trSeftm;jzifh
emr0daooe adunaton jzpfum? ]]rjzpfEkdif}}[k t"dyg,fSdavhSdonf/ (rJ 19;26/ a[NAJ 6;4? 18/ 10;4/
11;6)/ odkYaomf if;onf ]]cGeftm;rSd}}[kqdkvdkjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ (wref 14;8/ a&mr 15;1)/ ynwfw&m;awmf
onf vGwfajrmufapjcif;rjyKEkdifacs/ (*v 3;21)/ if;tpm; jypf'PfpD&if&m? aoqHk;ap&mESifh usdefqJ&mjzpf
oGm;onf/ (*v 3)
]]aoG;om;ZmwdaMumifh if;onf tm;enf;}}/ if;rSm tcef;BuD;7 aygvkt"duaqG;aEG;onfht&mjzpf
onf/ bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfrSm aumif;jrwfum oefYSif;aomfvnf; tjypfSd? usqif;um? Ykefuef
wwfaomvlom;onf if;\awmif;qdkrIrsm;udk raqmifGufEkdifacs/ aygvkonf *sL;usrf;wwf&Adq&mBuD;
rsm;enf;wlr[kwfbJ? urmOD; 3\tusKd;qufrsm;ukd tav;teufjyKonf/ *sL;usrf;wwfq&mBuD;trsm;pkwdkY
onf avmutwGif; tjypfudkvIHYaqmfonfrSm urmOD; 6rSjzpfonf[kqdkMuonf/
]]bk&m;ocifonf jyKawmfrlum? rdrdom;awmftm;...apvGwf}} y#dnOfw&m;a[mif; usqif;aom
vlom;rjyKEkdifcJhonfht&mudk y#dnOfw&m;opf bk&m;ocifonf (a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;22-36)
a,Itm;jzifh jyKawmfrlcJhonf/ (a[Sm 53/ a, 3;16)/ bk&m;ocifonf jyifyo@mefqdkif&m awmif;qdkrIrsm;
jyKjcif;tpm; twGif;o@mefqdkif&m 0dnmOfawmf? topfaomESvHk;? topfaompdwfwdkYudk yHhydk;ay;cJhonf/
y#dnOfw&m;opfonf vlom;\aqmifGufrIay: tajcrjyKbJ? aemifw&jcif;ESifh c&pfawmfNyD;pD;cJhNyD;aom
tvkyftm; ,HkMunfudk;pm;rIay: tajcjyKygonf/ ({zuf 2;8-9)/ odkYaomf y#dnOfw&m;ESpfrsKd;vHk;wdkYonf
bk&m;w&m;ESifh avsmfnDaom toufSifjcif;yHkpHopftm; arQmfvifhonf/ ({zuf 1;4/ 2;10)/
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azmfjyonf/ a,I vlom;ukd,fcEmppfppfSdcJhonf/ (odkYaomf tjypfSdaomobm0r[kwfacs/ zd 2;7-8/
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wdkYtwGuf Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;onf/ (8;34/ a[NAJ 7;25/ 9;24)/
]]tjypfylaZmf&mtjzpf}}/]]ylaZmf&m}}pum;pkudk NJB ESifh NRSV wdkY xnfhxm;onf/ oabmudk 2aum
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a,I\tjypfuif;pifaom touf(tjypfwifp&muif;aom)onf vlom;tm;vHk;\(a[NAJ 10;6? 8/
13;11)tjypfajz&mjzpfvmonf/ (a,m 1;29)/
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aomtjypfrsm;(armaS\ynwfw&m;jyKouJhodkY)omvQifr[kwfbJ? vlom;\tjypfobm0 jyemav;euf
aMumif;jyoum? ajzSif;onf/ bk&m;ocif\xm0&aG;EIwfjcif;&nfG,fcsufudk NyD;pD;aponfrSm ol\b0
toufwm? ol\taocHjcif;? jyefSifjcif;ESifh aumif;uifbHkodkY jyefwufjcif;rsm;jzpfonf/ (wrefawmf 2;23/
233

3;18/ 4;28/ 13;29)/ olonf vlom;rsm; rnfodkYjzpfEkdifaMumif;ESifh rnfodkYjzpf&rnftaMumif;udkvnf;

uRefawmfwdkYudk jyocJhonf/ (a,m[ef 13;15/ 1ay 2;21)/
8;24 ti,fonf y#dnOfw&m;opftm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfaumif;jzpfEkdifonf/ (a,& 31;33 ESifh a,Z
36;26-27)/ if;onf uRefawmfwdkY\u,fwifjcif; u@ESpf&yfaqmifGufonf/
1/ a,Ionf y#dnOfw&m;a[mif;\awmif;qdkrIrsm;ukd jynhfpHkapum? olYtm; ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif;
tm;jzifh ol\ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;udk ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf tcrJhvufaqmiftjzpf ajymif;vTJay;
onf/ xdkodkYjyK&m ,HkMunfolwdkY xdkufwefrISdrSdESifh roufqdkifay/ if;udk ajzmifhrwf&m
wnfapjcif;^ajzmifhrwfapjcif;(odkY)&yfwnfrItm;jzifh oefYSif;pifMu,frI[k uRefawmfwdkYac:Mu
onf/
2/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfolwdkYudk topfaomESvHk;? topfaompdwfESifh topfaom0dnmOfay;
onf/ ,ckuRefawmfwdkYonf 0dnmOfawmftxJ avQmufvSrf;jcif;jzpfum? aoG;om;Zmwd avQmuf
vSrf;jcif;r[kwfacs/ if;udk wdk;wufjzpfay:aom oefYSif;pifMu,fjcif;[kac:onf/
c&pf,mefjzpfjcif;rSm topfaomy#dnOfjyKjcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfum? if; tcGifhta&; (u,fwifjcif;vuf
aqmif)ESifh wm0ef0w&m;rsm;(c&pfawmfESifhwljcif; 6;13)ESpfrsKd;pvHk;yg0ifonf/
Jerome \ormusrf;pmteufzGifhusrf; (pm? 315) o'gydkif;qdkif&m pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;aom
aumufcsufcsrIwpfckjyKum? PRESENT PARTICIPLE udk]]ightm;}}qdkonfhpum;vHk;jzifh jznfhpGufvdkufjcif;jzpf
onf/ xdkokdYjyKjcif;aMumifh cRif;csufygaomazmfjyrIwpfck jzpfoGm;apum? xda&mufaomc&pf,meftoufwmrSm
AdwZHjcif;tm;jzihf tvdktavsmufjzpfvmonfr[kwf[k qdkaomoabmaqmifoGm;aponf/ uRefawmfwdkYvlom;
rsm;onf u,fwifjcif;tm; aG;cs,f&efjzpfonfenf;wl? c&pfawmfESifhwlnDjcif;udkvnf; aG;cs,f&efjzpfonf/
0dnmOfawmfonf uRefawmfwdkYudk OD;aqmifum cGeftm;ay;aeaomfvnf;? vdkufemaqmifGuf&ef twif;t"rr
jyKacs/
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*v 5;16-25 awGY&onf/ ajzmifhrwfonf[k w&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&oltm; ajzmifhrwfaomb0toufwm
vdkufvm&rSmjzpfonf/ y#dnmOfw&m;qdkif&m topfaomESvHk;ESifh pdwfrSmu,fwifjcif;twGufr[kwfbJ? if;\
tusKd;qufjzpfay:ap&efjzpfonf/ xm0&touf odom? jrifomaomxl;jcm;rIrsm;Sdonf/ (rJ 7)!
8;5 aygvkonf ]]aoG;om;Zmwd}} toufSifjcif;ESifh ]]0dnmOfawmf}} toufSifjcif;wdkYudk i,f 5-8
EIdif;,SOfjyonf/ (aoG;om;Zmwdtvdk *v 5;19-21ESifh ]]0dnmOfawmftoD;}}- 5;22-25)/ 8;2 \rSwfcsuf
tjynfhtpHkMunfhyg/
8;6]]pdwfpGJvef;}}/rsufvHk;ESifhem;wdkYrSm 0dnmOf\jywif;aygufrsm;jzpfaMumif; *sL;vlrsKd;wdkYoabmaygufonf/
tjypfonf tawG;urmrS tpjyKonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\umvMumSnfawGUonfhtwdkif; jzpfvmMu
onf/ (a&mr 12;1-2/ zd 4;8)!
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aS;kd;pOfvmtjrifudk rvdkufacs/ aygvkajymonfrSm usqif;aomzefqif;cHvlom;txJ aumif;aom
&nfG,fcsufrSdbJ? if;onf 'kwd,arG;jcif;&NyD;rS pwifonf[ljzpfonf/ twGif;0dnmOfwdkufyGJrSm oefYSif;
aom0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yf&mrS tpjyKvmonf[ljzpf\/ (a,m 16;7-14)/
234

 ]]touf}}/ touf(zoe)onf uyfumvtopfSdaom toufjzpfonfh xm0&toufudk &nfnTef;onf/

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1/ c&pfawmfrSwqifh bk&m;ocifESifhuRefawmfwdkY&Sdaom Nidrfoufjcif;jzpfonfh jrifEkdifaomormw&m;
(aum 1;20)
2/ bk&m;ocifESifhrSefuefaeonf[k uRefawmfwdkYpdwfxJ cHpm;&jcif;^a,m 14;27/ 16;33/ zd 4;7)
3/ *sL;vlrsKd;ESifh tjcm;wyg;vlrsKd;wdkYtm; c&pfawmftm;jzifh topfaomcEmudk,fwpfcktxJ bk&m;o
cifaygif;pnf;ay;jcif; ({zuf 2;14-17/ aum 3;15)/
8;7-11/ bk&m;ocifxHrS uGJxGufaomvlom;udk aygvka&;om;azmfjyyHk trsKd;rsKd;Sdonf/
1/ bk&m;ociftm; &efbufjyKjcif;- i,f 7
2/ bk&m;ociftm; remcHjcif; - i,f 7
3/ bk&m;ocif auseyfap&ef rwwfEkdifjcif;- i,f 8
4/ 0dnmOftm;jzifh aoaeum? xm0&aoqHk;jcif; jzpfoGm;ap- i,f 10-11
a&mr 5;6? 8ESifh10wdkY\ qifwlrIudkMunfhyg/
8;7
NASB, NRSV ]]aoG ; om;Zmwd p G J v rf ; jcif ; onf bk & m;ocif t m; qef Y u sif b uf j yKjcif ; jzpf o nf } }
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onf omru? bk&m;ocifudkvkdufjcif;iSgvnf; rwwfEdkifMuacs/ usqif;aomvlom;onf oefYSif;aom
0dnmOfawmf\ulnDrIr&ojzifh 0dnmOfa&;&mudprsm;tm; wHkYjyefrIrjyKEdkifacs/ (a[Sm 53;6/ 1ay 2;24-25)/
bk&m;ocifudk,fwdkif tpjyKOD;avhSd&rSmjzpfonf/ (a,m 6;44? 65)/ if;onf y#dnmOfw&m;qdkif&m
aG;cs,frIjyK&jcif;wdkYudk z,fxkwfjcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; vlom;wdkYrSm wHkYjyefolrsm;jzpfNyD;? tpjyKolrsm;r[kwf
aMumif; Sif;vif;pGm a&;om;xm;onf/
8;8 ]]aoG;om;Zmwd usifvnfolrsm;}} aygvkonf pum;pkoHk;EIef;yHk ESpfrsKd;Sdonf/
1/ kyfcEmudk,f (a&mr 1;3/ 2;28/ 4;1/ 9;3? 5)
235

2/ bk&m;ocifrygyJ? vlom;\tm;xkwfrI (a&mr 7;5/ 8;4-5)

ae&m #2yHkpHjzpfonf/ if;onf ykefuefaom? r,HkMunfaomvlom;rsKd;EG,fudk&nfnTef;onf/ txl;
taMumif;t&m/ / aoG;om; Zmwd(sarx)-1;3Munfhyg/
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / / 8;9-11
9
rnfodkYjzpfap oifwdkYtxJ bk&m;ocif\0dn mOfawmf trSefusdef;0yfaeygu oifwdkYonf
aoG;om; ZmwdxJrSdbJ? 0dnmOfawmfxJSdMu\/ odkYaomf c&pfawmf\0dnmOfrSdaomolonf bk&m;
ocifydkifqdkif&m r[kwfacs/ 10oifwdkYtxJ c&pfawmfSdygu? cEmudk ,fonf tjypfaMumifh aoaomf
vnf; 0dnmOfonf ajzmifhrwfjcif;aMumifh toufSifonf/ 11odkYaomf a,Iudk aoaomolrsm;teufrS
xapawmfrlol\0dnmOfawmfonf oifwdkYtxJusdef; 0yfaeygu? c&pfawmfa,Itm; aoaomolrsm;
teufrSxapolonf oifwdkYtxJusdef;0yfol rdrd\0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh aowwfaomoifwdkY\
udk,fcEmudkyif toufSifapvdrfhrnf/
8;9]]vQif^ygu}}/ cRif;csuf0guswGJrsm; ti,f 9? 10? 11? 13(ESpfcg)? 17 (ESpfcg)wdkYygSdonf/ if;wdkY
tm;vHk;rSm yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsm;jzpfum? pma&;ol\tjrifrSm trSef[krSwf,lxm;csufrsm; (0g)ol\
pma&;[efjzpfonf/ aygvkonf a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmfrS rdrd\pmudk zwfIem;axmifolrsm;tm; ,HkMunfolrsm;
tjzpfrSwf,lonf/ (i,f 9)
]]c&pfawmf\0dnmOfawmf/}}vlwdkYonf 0dnmOfawmfSdojzifh ,HkMunfolrsm;odkYr[kwf? 0dnmOfawmfrSdojzifh
0dnmOft&m aysmufqHk;aeolrsm; wpfckckjzpfMuonf/ uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk; u,fwifjcif;&csdef oefYSif;aom
0dnmOfawmf&SdMuonf/ olYtm; aemufxyfydk&Sd&ef rvdktyfawmhacs/ oluomvQif uRefawmfwdkYudk aemufxyf
ydk&Sd&efvdktyfonf
ti,f 9 u]]0dnmOfawmf}} ]]bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf}}ESifh ]]c&pfawmf\0dnmOfawmf}}wdkYtm;vHk;rsm;
twlwlyifjzpfonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/a,IESifh0dnmOfawmf

0dnmOfawmf\tvkyfESifh om;awmf\tvkyfESpfrsKd;wdkYrSm yHkaoowfrSwfjcif;rSdacs/ G. Campbell

Morgan u0dnmOfawmf\ taumif;qHk;emrnfrSm ]]tjcm;aoma,I}} jzpfonf[kqdkonf/ (odkYaomf olwdkYrSm
uGJjym; aom? xm0&oD;jcm;yk*dKvfrsm;jzpfonf)/ atmufwGif om;awmfESihf0dnmOfawmfwdkY\tvkyfESifh
bGJYemrawmfwdkY udk ,SOfazmfjyonf/
1/ 0dnmOfawmfudk ]]a,I\0dnmOfawmf}} (odkY)tjcm;tvm;wljzifh azmfjyrIrsm; (a&mr 8;9/ 2aum
3;17/ *v 4;6/ 1ay 1;11/)
2/ ESpfyg;pvHk;wlnDaom a0g[m&jzihfac:onf
u/ ]]ormw&m;}}
(1) a,I (a,m 14;6)
(2) 0dnmOfawmf (a,m 14;17/ 16;13)
c/ tusKd;aqmifaSUae^OyZsm,fq&m
(1) a,I (1a,m 2;1)
236

(2) 0dnmOfawmf (14;16? 26/ 15;26/ 16;7)

*/ oefYSif;
(1) a,I (vkum 1;35/ 4;34)
(2) 0dnmOfawmf (vkum 1;35)
3/ ESpfyg;pvHk; ,HkMunfolrsm;txJ usdef;0yf
u/ a,I (rJ 28;20/ a,m 14;20? 23/ 15;4-5/ a&mr 8;10/ 2aum 13;5/ *v 2;20/
{zuf 3;17/ aum 1;27
c/ 0dnmOfawmf (a,m 14;16-17/ a&mr 8;9? 11/ 1aum 3;16/ 6;19/ 2wd 1;14)
*/ crnf;awmf (a,m 14;23/ 2aum 6;16)
8;10]]vQif^ygu/}} if;rSm yxrwef;pm; cRif;csufrsKd;jzpfonf/ (ei ]]jzpfvdrfhrnf}}[krSwf,lrIjzpfaom
TIVE Bud,m)/ aygvkonf ol\pmzwfolrsm; (a&mrNrdKUawmfu toif;awmf)rSm
1/ c&pfawmf usdef;0yf&molrsm;
2/ olwdkYtv,f c&pfawmfSdae&molrsm;tjzpf rSwf,lonf/

INDICA

]]oifwdkYtxJSdaom c&pfawmf}}/ c&pfawmf[laom a0g[m&rSm txJ usdef;0yfawmfrlol om;awmf^

0dnmOfawmfjzpfonf/ (a,m 14;16-17/ aum 1;27)/ vlwdkY om;awmf^0dnmOfSdum? odkYr[kwfvQif
c&pf,mefrsm;r[kwfMuacs/ (1a,m 5;12)/ aygvktvdkt& ]]c&pfawmftxJ}}qdkonfrSm "roabmw&m;
t&]]0dnmOfawmftxJ}}ESifh twlwljzpfonf/
]]udk,fcEmonf tjypfaMumifh aoaomfvnf;}}/ c&pf,mefrsm;yif jzpfaomfvnf; tm'H\tjypf usqif;
aomavmuESifh vlwpfOD;csif;\ykefuefrIaMumifh(5;12-21) udk,fcEmonf aoqHk;oGm;&\/ tjypfonf olY
uHMurmtwdkif; oGm;&onfomjzpf\/ 0dnmOft&m aoqHk;jcif;onf (urm 3/ {zuf 2;1)udk,fcEmao
qHk;aponf/ (urm 5/ a[NAJ 9;27/ 8;13\rSwfcsufMunfhyg/) ,HkMunfolrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfacwfopfxJ
toufSifaexdkif&onfenf;wl? tjypfESifhykefuefjcif; acwfa[mif;yg toufSifaexdkifMuonf/(i,f 21?35)
]]aomfvnf; 0dnmOfonf ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;aMumifh toufSifonf}}/ ae&m ]]0dnmOf}}onf
vlom;\0dnmOf (NASB, ASB, NIV, Willaims, Jerusalem Bible) odkYr[kwf oefYSif;aom0dnmOfawmf
(KJV, TEV, REB, Karl Barth, C.K. Barrett, John Murry ESifhEverett Harrison) &nfnTef;aMumif;
bmomjyef usrf;rsm;ESifh teufzGifholrsm; oabmxm;jcif;rwlMuacs/
wdkawmif;aompum;pkudk ydkrdkus,fjyefYaompm tquftpyfrsm;tm;jzifh em;vnf&onf/ c&pfawmf
udk,HkMunfudk;pm;olrsm;yifvQif usqif;aom avmu toufSifaexdkifMuojzifh aoqHk;oGm;Murnfom
jzpfonf/ odkYaomf a,Itm; ,HkMunfudk;pm;&mrS &aomajzmifhrwfjcif;aMumifh olwdkY xm0&toufSdaeNyDjzpf
onf/ ({zuf 2;4-6)/ if;rSm ]]SdNyD;jzpfaomfvnf; tcsdefrusao;}}aom bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf twdkif;tq
jzpfonf/ acwfa[mif;ESifh acwfopfwdkYonf wpfckESifhwpfck xyfvsufSdonf/
]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;}}/ usrf;ydk'f if;pum;pk &nfnTef;onfrSm
1/ c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif; (a&mr 4)rSvmaom oGyfoGif;ay;onfh ajzmifhrwfjcif;(ajzmifhrwf&m
wnfaeapjcif;ESifh &yfwnfrItm;jzifh oefYSif;pifMu,fjcif;)
237

2/ aG;EIwfjcif;cH&aom touf\taxmuftxm;jzpfaom 0dnmOfawmftxJ topfaomtoufwm

(qufvufjzpfay:aeaom oefYSif;pifMu,fjcif;)/ txl;taMumif;t&m 1;17Munfhyg/
8;11]]vQif^ygu}}/ tcef;i,f 9 \rSwfcsufMunfhyg/
]]a,It m; aoaomolrsm;teufrS xapol\0dnmOfawmfonf oifwdkYtxJusdef;0yf}}/ oHk;yg;wpfql
rS rnfonfhyk*dKvfonf ,HkMunfolrsm;txJ usdef;0yfoenf;? c&pf,meftrsm;pkonf]]0dnmOfawmf}}[k tajz
ay;Muvdrfhrnf/ if;rSm rSefaomfvnf; trSefpifppf oHk;yg;wpfql\yk*dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk; ,HkMunfolrsm;txJ usdef;
0yfawmfrlonf/
1/ 0dnmOfawmf/ a,m 14;16-17/ a&mr 8;11/ 1aum 3;16/ 6;19/ 2wd 1;14/
2/ om;awmf/ rJ 28;20/ a,m 14;20? 23/ 15;4-5/ a&mr 8;10/ 2aum 13;5/ *v 2;20/ {zuf
3;17/ aum 1;27
3/ crnf;awmf/ a,m 14;23/ 2aum 6;16
"ropfusrf;onf aG;EIwftvkyfrsm;ukd oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\yk*dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk; yg0ifvkyfudkifaMumif; azmfjy
avhSdyHkudkjyo&ef pum;pkrSm tvGefaumif;rGefaom tcGifhaumif;wpfckjzpfonf/
1/ crnf;awmfbk&m;onf a,Iudk xaponf/ (wref 2;24/ 3;15/ 4;10/ 5;30/ 10;40/ 13;30?
33? 34? 37/ 17;31/ a&mr 6;4/ 9/ 10;9/ 1aum 6;14/ 2aum 4;14/ *v 1;1/ {zuf 1;20/
aum 2;12/ 1ouf 1;10)
2/ om;awmfbk&m;onf olYukd,folxonf/ (a,m 12;19-22/ 10;17-18)
3/ 0dnmOfawmfbk&m;onf a,Iudk xaponf (a&mr 8;11)tvm;wl oHk;yg;wpfqltm; tav;
teufjyKrIudk ti,f 9-11vnf; awGYEkdifonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/oHk;yg;wpfql

oHk;yg;wpfql\yk*dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk; aygif;pyfvkyfaqmifaomusrf;ydk'frsm;ukd rSwfom;yg/ ]]oHk;yg;wpfql}}

a0g[m&udk Tertullian-wmwlvsef;qdkol yxrqkH; xGifvdkufjcif;jzpfum? ormusrf;pm\pum;vHk; twdtus
r[kwfaomfvnf;? xdktaMumif; ormusrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;ysHUESHYonf/
u/ c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;
1/ rJ 3;16-17/ 28;19(ESifhtvm;wlusrf;ydk'frsm;)
2/ a,m[ef 14;26
c/ wrefawmf0wK-wref 2;32-33/ 38-39
*/ aygvk
1/ a&mr 1;4-5/ 5;1? 5/ 8;1-4? 8-10
2/ 1aum 2;8-10/ 12;4-6
3/ 2aum 1;21/ 13;14
4/ *v 4;4-6
5/ {zuf 1-3-14? 17/ 2;18/ 3;14-17/ 4;4-6
6/ 1ouf 1;2-5
7/ 2ouf 2;13
8/ wdwk 3;4-6
238

C/ aywk - 1ay 1;2

i/ ,k' - i,f 20-21
bk&m;ocifrSm trsm;jyudef;jzpfaMumif; "ra[mif;usrf; t&dyft>rwfazmfjyonf/
u/ bk&m;ociftm; trsm;jyudef;jzifh azmfjyjcif;
1/ a[NAJpum;vHk; {avm[Jrf-Elohim rSm A[k0kpf(trsm;jyudef;)jzpfaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifoHk;onfh
tcg tenf;jyuddef;jzihfoHk;avhSdonf/
2/ ]]igwdkY}}- urm 1;26-27/ 3;22/ 11;7
c/ bk&m;ocif\aumif;uifwrefonf bk&m;\jrifEkdifaomudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfonf/
1/ urm 16;7-13/ 22;11-15/ 31;11? 13/ 48;15-16
2/ xGuf 3;2? 4/ 13;21/ 14;19
3/ w&m;olBuD; 2;1/ 6;22-23/ 13;3-22
4/ Zm 3;1-2
*/ bk&m;ocifESifh olY0dnmOfawmfwdkYudk oD;jcm;cGJxm;onf/ urm 1;1-2/ qm 104;30/ a[Sm 63;9-11/
a,Z 37;13-14
C/ bk&m;ocif(YHWH)ESifh arSd, (Adon)wdkYudk oD;jcm;cGJonf/ qm 45;6-7/110;1/Zm 2;8-11/ 10;9-12
i/ arSd,ESifh 0dnmOfawmfukd oD;jcm;cGJonf/ Zm 12;10
p/ oHk;yg;pvHk;udk a[Sm 48;16/ 61;1wdkYazmfjyonf/
a,Ionf bk&m;jzpfjcif;ESifh 0dnmOfawmfonf yk*dKvfjzpfjcif;wdkYaMumihf bk&m;wpfqlwnf; Sdonf[laom
t,ludk usyfwnf;pGm udkifpGJolueOD; ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf jyemjzpfcJhonf/
1/ wmwl;vsef; (Tertullian)-om;awmfonf crnf;awmf\vufatmufcHjzpfonf/
2/ atmf&D*sif(Origen)-om;awmfESifh 0dnmOfawmfwdkY\ tESpfom&rSm vufatmufcHbk&m;rsm;jzpf
onf/
3/ {&D;,m;pf (Arius)-om;awmfESihf0dnmOfawmfwdkY bk&m;r[kwf[k jiif;qefonf/
4/ armfemcsm0g' (Monarchianism)-bk&m;ocifonf crnf;awmftjzpf? om;awmftjzpfESifh aemuf
qHk; 0dnmOfawmftjzpf qufwdkufay:vGifxifSm;onf[k ,HkMunfonf/ oHk;yg;wpfqlrSm orm
usrf;pmyg taMumif;t&mrsm;\ajymjyrIt& &mZm0ifESifhtnD wdk;wufjzpfaomwduspGm azmfjyrI
wpfckjzpfonf/
1/ a,Ionf tjynfht0bk&m;jzpfaMumif;? crnf;awmfESifh wef;wljzpfaMumif;tm; at? 'D 325
Edkif;Sm;aumifpD (Nicea Council)wGif twnfjyKonf/
2/ 0dnmOfawmfonf yk*dKvftjynfht0ESifh bk&m;jzpfaMumif;? crnf;awmfESifhom;awmfESifh wef;wljzpf
aMumif;wdkYtm; uGefpwifwDEdky,faumifpD (Constantinople) onf twnfjyKcJhonf/ (at? 'D
381)
3/ oHk;yg;wpfql t,l0g'udk atmf*pfpwif;\De Trinitate pmtkyf tjynfhtpHkazmfjyonf/
if;rSm trSefyif eufeJqef;us,fonf/ odkYaomf xm0&yk*dKvfoHk;yg;jzifh ay:vGifxifSm;aom bk&m;
wpfql\tESpfom&udk "ropfusrf;u twnfjyKonf[kqdk&ayrnf/
]]aowwfaomoifwdkY\udk,fc Emudkyif toufSifapvdrfhrnf/}} Bud,mrSm tem*wf\tjzpfrSefwpf
&yfjzpfaom jyefSifxajrmuf&maeYudk azmfjyaom FUTURE ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ a,IESifh olYaemuf
vkdufolrsm;\ jyefSifxajrmufjcif;ESpfrsKd;vHk;rSm tqHk;tjzwfay;aom ta&;BuD;tcsufjzpfonf/(1aum 15;1/
239

2aum 4;14)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf udk,fcEmtm;jzifh xm0&umv SdaeMurnfudk c&pf,mefjzpfjcif;u

twnfjyKajymqdkonf/ (1a,m 3;2)/ c&pfawmfukd 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh xaponfqdkygu (1aum 15;12-21)
olYaemufvdkufrsm;udkvnf; xapvdrfhrnf/ (i,f 23)

NASB, NKJV
NRSV, NJB
REB, NET ]]ol \ 0d n mOf a wmf t m;jzif h } }
NRSB
]]ol\0dnmOfaMumifh}}
TEV
]]ol\0dnmOfawmfSdaejcif;tm;jzifh}}

pum;pk\ o'gzGJYpnf;yHkESifhuGJjym; azmfjyaomvufa&;rIwpfckSdonf/

1/ ydkifqdkifrIjyyk'f GENITIVE tjzpf MSS Aleph, A, C, Pc
2/ uwm;yk'f (tjyKcHyk'f) ACCUSATIVE MSS B, D, F, G
4
UBS onf ydkifqdkifrIjyyk'f GENITIVE-''B"(aocsmoavmuf)tqifhowfrSwfonf/
NASB

(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/

/ 8;12-17

12

odkYjzpf nDtpfudkwdkY? igwdkYonf aoG;om;Zmwdtvdkt wdkif; toufSif&rnftaMumif;?

aoG;om;Zmwd wm0efSdMuonfr [kwfacs/ 13taMumif;rlum; oifonf aoG; om;Zmwdtvdktwdkif;
toufSifygu aoqHk;vdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf udk,fcEmvkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukd 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh aoqHk;ap
ygu? toufSifvdrfhrnf/ 14taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifjcif; cH,lolrsm;
tm;vHk;wdkYonf bk&m;ocif\om; rsm;jzpfMu\/ 15taMumif;rlum; oifwdkYonf aemufwzef aMumuf
GHUapaom uRefpdwfwpfrsKd;&Muonf r[kwfbJ? ]]tA? tz}}[latmfac:&m om;rsm;jzpfapjcif;
pdwf&Mu\/ 16igwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\uav;rsm;jzpfaMumif; 0dnmOfawmfonf oludk,fwdkif igwdkY\
0dnmOfESifhtwl oufa ocH\/ 17om;jzpfygu tarGcHolrsm;? bk&m;ocif\tarGcHrsm;jzpfum? igwdkY
onf udk,fawmfESihftwl bkef;BuD;apjcif;udkvnf;cHEkdif&ef udk,fawmfESifhtwl wu,f'kucHygu?
c&pfawmfESifhtwl tarGcHabmf? cHbufrsm;vnf;jzpfMu\/}}
8;12 ]]odkYjzpf}}aygvkonf ti,f 1-11Sd rdrdwifjycsufonf bmudkqdkvdkaMumif; qufvufSif;vif;oGm;
onf/
]]wm0efSdMuonf...}}/ if;rSm c&pf,mefvGwfvyfrI\ tjcm;aomrsufESmpmwpfckjzpfonf/ (14;115;13)/ if;rSm jzpf&yfwpfcktm;azmfjyjcif;(INDICATIVE)ESifh qufvufjzpfay:aeaomt&m (cdkif;apjcif;txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4Munhhfyg)ESpfrsKd;vHk;jzpfonfh oefYSif;pifMu,fjcif;taMumif;aqG;aEG;csuf ti,f 111 tm; ed*Hk;csKyfvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf usqif;aomZmwda[mif;ESifh qufvufwdkufcdkuf
oGm;Mu&rSmjzpfaMumif;udkvnf; xifSm;pGmjyonf/ (6;12-19/ 7;7-24/ 1aum 6;18-19/ {zuf 6;10-19)/
ae&mjyKvkyf&ef aG;cs,frI(tpjyK,HkMunfjcif;)ESifhjyKvkyf&ef qufvufaG;cs,foGm;jcif;[lSdygonf/
(toufSifjcif;yHkpH)!

240

8;13]]ygu}}/ ti,f 9? 10? 11? 13ESifh 17 (ESpfcg)wdkY cRif;csuf0gusrsm; qufwdkufygSdonf/ if;wdkY

tm;vHk;rSm pma&;oltjrif rSefonf[k rSwf,lxm;jcif;(0g)ol\pma&;[efjzpfaom yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf
0gusrsm;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf rdrd\pmzwfolrsm;jzpfonfh a&mrNrdKUtoif;om;rsm;udk 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh
toufSif aomc&pf,mefrsm;tjzpf rSwf,lonf/ odkYaomf taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm jzpfay:vmonfht&mrsm;
vnf;Sdayao;onf/ (Oyrm ,HkMunfolrsm;\yl;aygif;aqmifGufrI^wHkYjyefrI)/
]]oifonf aoG;om;Zmwdtvdktwdkif; toufSif...aoqHk;vdrfhrnf}}ti,f 13Sd Bud,mESpfckpvHk;rSm
ypKyefumvjyjzpfNyD; qufvufjzpfay:aeaom vkyfaqmifrIudkajymonf/ ormusrf;pmonf aoqHk;jcif;
tqifhoHk;qifhazmfjyonf/
1/ 0dnmOfaojcif; (urm 2;17/ 3;1-7/ {zuf 2;1)
2/ udk,fcEmaojcif; (urm 5)
3/ xm0&aojcif; (Asm 2;11/ 20;6? 4/ 21;8)/
usrf;ydk'fajymonfrSm tm'H\0dnmOfaoqHk;jcif;udk ajymjcif;jzpfNyD;(urm 3;14-19)if;\&v'f
aMumifh vlom;rsKd;EG,f\udk,fcEmaoqHk;&onf/(urmOD; 5)
tm'H\tjypfonf vlom;tm; aojcif;w&m;udk awGYMuHKcHpm;aponf/ (5;12-21)/ uRefawmfwdkY
wpfOD;csif;wdkYonf rdrdwdkYpdwfqEtm;jzifh tjypfxJckef0if&ef aG;cs,fMuonf/ if;txJ qufvufaeoGm;&ef
aG;cs,fcJhMuygu? if;onf rdrdwdkYudk ]]xm0&}}taoowfvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ (Asm 20;6? 14 ]]'kwd,aojcif;}})
uRefawmfwdkY c&pf,mefrsm;taejzifh tjypfbufESifh tw^Zmwdbuf c&pfawmfESifhxyfwlxyfrQ ,HkMunfjcif;
tm;jzifh aoqHk;Muum? bk&m;ocif toufSifMu&rnfjzpfonf/(a&mr 6)
]]cEmudk,fvkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukd 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh aoqHk;apygu toufSifvdrfhrnf}}/ ,HkMunf
olrsm;\u,fwifjcif;pdwfcs&rIudk olwdkY\c&pf,meftoufwmonf cdkifvHkapum(0g)? Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf/
("ropfxJu ,mukyfESifh1a,m[efMo0g'pmrsm;)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf toufwmtopfudk rdrdwdkY\
BudK;pm;rItm;jzifh toufSifMuonfr[kwfbJ? 0dnmOfawmf\pGrf;tm;jzifhjzpfonf/(i,f 14)/ odkYaomf olwdkY
onf 0dnmOfawmftkyfxdef;rItm; aeYpOfemcH&ayrnf/ ({zuf 5;17-18/ 6;10-18)/
usrf;ydk'frl ]]udk,fcEmvkyfaqmifrIrsm;}}[kqdk&m tjypfESifhjynhfaom uyfumvta[mif;ESifh
qdkifaomb0toufwmtjzpf awGYjrif&onf/ (*v 5;19-21)/ udk,fcEmtm;jzifh wnfSdaerIudk xm0&jywf
awmufoGm;apjcif;r[kwfbJ?( 8;23)txJ usdef;0yfaom0dnmOfawmf (uyfumvtopf)ESifh tjypf(uyfumv
ta[mif;)wdkY rjywfrvyfwdkufcdkufaejcif;udk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
8;14]]bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifrI cH,lolrsm;tm;vHk;wdkYonf}}if;rSm 0dnmOfawmf\vrf;jyrItm;
qufvufcH,loGm;jcif;udk azmfjyonfh PRESENT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE wpfckjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf
uRefawmfwdkYudk c&pfawmfxHokdY ydk;yef;um(a,m 6;44? 65)NyD;vQif uRefwdkYtxJ c&pfawmfudkazmfaqmif
onf/ (i,f 29-30)/ c&pf,mefjzpfjcif;onf qHk;jzwfcsufwpfckcsrSwfkHxuf rsm;pGmydkygonf/ if;onf
qHk;jzwfcsufwpfckjzifhtpjyKum(10;9-13/ a,m 1;12/ 3;16)qufvuf aemufvdkufwynfhawmfjzpfoGm;
jcif;jzpfonf/(rJ 28;19)/ if;onf tcgBuD;aeY&ufrsm;? tcsdefrsm;(0g)trIawmfvkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifjcif;
r[kwfbJ? aeYpOftoufSifjcif;ykHpHjzpfonf/

241

 ]]bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;}} trsm;udef;jyjzpfaom pum;onf "ra[mif;usrf; aumif;uifwm0efrsm;

ajym&moHk;um? vlom;rsm;ajym&moHk;cJonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; tifwmeufwGif (www.
freebiblecommentary.org) Munfhyg/ tenf;jyudef;ukd tm'H? oa&&(tpa&;)? oa&v\ &Sifbk&ifESifh
if;\arSd,t&Siftm; ajym&moHk;onf/ ae&mrl ,HkMunfolrsm;tm;vHk; &nfnTef;onf/ (*v 4;6-7)/
ti,f 14 a0g[m& huioi (om;rsm;)oHk;um?ti,f16 tekna (uav;rsm;)oHk;onf/ if;wkdUudk usrf;ykd'f
t"dyg,fwlpum;vHk;rsm;tjzpfoHk;onf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf uRefrsm;r[kwfawmhbJ? rdom;pk0ifrsm;jzpfvmMu
onf/ (i,f 15-17/ v 4;7)8;15 ]]pdwfwpfrsdK;}}(a spirit )/ if;onf ti,f 10uJhokdU t"dyg,fr&Sif;vif;
acs/ if;onf a&G;EIwfjcif;cHaomvlom;\ c&pfawmftxJ0dnmOf topf(pdwftopf) okdYr[kwf oefU&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfESpfrsdK;tm; &nfnTef;Ekdifonf/ ti,f 6 ESpfrsdK;vHk;awGU&onf/
o'gzGJUpnf;yHktm; ,HkMunfolwpfOD;csif;txJ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfjzpfyGg;aponfht&mukd &Sif;vif;
&ef aygvka&;aompmtawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ (t*Fvdyfa0g[m& spiritukd 0dnmOfESifhpdwfESpfrsdK; twGufokH;
um? soul ukdrl 0dnmOfESifhvlESpfrsdK;vHk;twGufoHk;onf/ usrf;ykd'frl q&mBuD;,k'oefonf]]oabm}}[laom
pum;vHk;oHk;onf-bmomjyefol)
1/ ae&m ]]uRefpdwfwpfrsdK;r[kwf}}om;jzpfjcif;pdwf}} (ti,f 15)
2/ ]]El;nHhodrfarGUaompdwf}}1aum4;21
3/ ]],HkMunfjcif;}} (opm&Sdjcif;)pdwf 2aum4;13
4/ ]]ynmESifh xkd;xGif;jcif;OmPf(pdwf)}} {zuf1;17
5/ ]]aMumufwwfaompdwf}} 2wd1;7
aygvkonf spirit pum;\rl&if;*&da0g[m& pneuma tm; txl;ojzifh 1aum&dEKxJ olUukd,fol&nf
nTef;&ef ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;ao;onf/ (1aum2;11/ 5;3?14/ 7;34/ 16;8 ESifhaum2;5)/ pmykd'frl
ti,f 10ESifh15wkdU toifhawmfqHk;oHk;xm;ygonf/
]]aemufwzef aMumufGHapaomuRef...}}Zmwda[mif;\MuifvuPmrSm aMumufGHjcif;jzpfonf/ (a[NAJ
2;15) Zmwdtopf\ MuiftifvuPmukd i,f14-15 &Sif;vif;onf/
]]om;rsm;jzpfapjcif;...}}(arG;pm;jcif;-adoption)a&mrOya' om;tjzpfarG;pm;jcif;udprSm tvGefusyf
wnf;(cufcJ)aomfvnf;? wpfcgarG;pm;cJhNyD;ygu tNrJjzpfonf/ (*v 4;4-6)/ wifpm;rIonf ,HkMunfol\
vHkjcHKrIqdkif&m ormw&m;tm; "roabmw&m;t& axmufcHcsufay;onf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 5;2
Munfhyg/) om;&if;wpfa,mufudk tarGjzwfydkifcGifhay;xm;aomfvnf; arG;pm;om;wpfa,mufudkrl xdkodkYjyKcGifh
rjyKacs/ if;rSm u,fwifjcif;taMumif; Sif;jy&m aygvkESpfoufvSaom vlodrsm;onfh wifpm;jcif;wpfrsKd;
jzpfonf/ (i,f 15? 23)/ a,m[efESifhaywkwdkYonf tjcm;vlodrsm;aom wifpm;rIwpfrsKd;oHk;Muum if;rSm
]]topfarG;zGm;jcif;}}-born again jzpfonf/ (a,m 3;3/ 1ay 1;3? 23)/ rSwfpktjynfhtpHkudk www.freebible
commentary.org wGif *vmwd 4;5 tusOf;csKyfMunfhyg/
]]tA}}tm&rda0g[m&rSm uav;rsm; rdrdwdkYzcifudk tdrfac:Mu&mjzpfonf/ (daddy or papa)a,IESifh
wrefawmfwdkYonf tm&rdpum;ajymwwfMuonf/ (rm 5;41/ 14;36/ 1aum 16;22)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf
c&pfawmf\taoG;tm;jzifh oefYSif;aom0dnmOfawmf usdef;0yfjcif;rSwqifh cdkifrmaom,HkMunfjcif;ESihf rdom;pk
0iftjzpf pdwfcspGmyif oefYSif;awmfrlol bk&m;ocifxHawmfyg;odkY ,ckvmEkdifMuNyDjzpfonf/ (rm 14;36/ *v
242

4;6)/ usqif;olvlom;onf bk&m;ocifukd tz[kac:Ekdifjcif;ESifh xm0&oefYSif;awmfrlol tSifonf xdkodkY

ac:qdkrIudk vdktm;jcif;rSm tHhMorqHk;EkdifbG,f&mjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / zcif- 1;7 Munfhyg/
8;16]]0dnmOfawmfonf oludk,fwdkif}} *&dpum;vHk; 0dnmOf[lonf tzdk? tr r[kwfaomMum;aevdifjzpf
onf/ xdkYaMumifh KJV bmomjyefusrf;]]itself}}-if;udk,fwdkif[loHk;aomfvnf; 0dnmOfawmfrSm yk*dKvfjzpf
onf/ olonf 0rf;enf;pdwfemwwfonf({ 4;30/ 1ouf 5;19)/ xdkYaMumifh himself-oludk,fwdkifrSm ydkrdk
aumif;rGefaombmomjyefrIjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /0dnmOfawmfonf yk*dKvfjzpfjcif;- 8;27Munfhyg/
]]igwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;jzpfaMumif;...igwdkY\0dnmOfESifhtwl oufa ocH\/}}ti,f 13
odcJhMu&onfhtwdkif;yif ,HkMunfpdwfcs&jcif;\ rsufESmpmwpfzufrSm ,HkMunfol\ajymif;vJcJhNyD;? ajymif;vJ
vsufSdaeaom toufwmjzpfonf/ ("ropfusrf;\,mukyfESihf 1a,m[efusrf;rsm;)/
bmomjyefusrf; RSVESifhNRSVwdkY\bmomjyefyHkudk *kjyKyg/ ]]igwdkYonf tA! tb![l atmfac:
onfhtcg igwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\uav;rsm;jzpfaMumif; 0dnmOfawmfonf igwdkY\0dnmOfESifhtwl oufao
cHjcif;jzpfonf}}(*v 4;6)/ pdwfcsrI[lonf ,HkMunfolu bk&m;ociftm; 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh ]]tz}}[kac:
Ekdifonfhtcg &Sdonf[kqdkvdkonf/
0dnmOfonf txJrS oufaocHjcif;rSm em;jzifhMum;&jcif;r[kwfbJ? vufawGUjzpfonf/
1/ tjypfudk tjypftjzpfjrifjcif;
2/ c&pfawmfESihfwlvdkpdwfSdjcif;
3/ bk&m;ocif\rdom;pkESifhtwl Sdaevdkjcif;
4/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmftm; qmiwfjcif;
5/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; jyefYyGg;ap&efvdktyfaMumif; cHpm;odSdjcif;
6/ c&pf,mef[lonf tIH;cHay;qyf&efvdktyfaMumif;tm; cHpm;odSdjcif;
if;wdkYrSm ajymif;vJaMumif;jyaom,HkMunfjcif; taxmuftxm;rsm;jzpfonfhtxJrS pdwfqEtrsKd;
tpm;rsm;jzpfonf/
u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrIrSm *dkPf;*evdkufaom taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfoGm;onf/
1/ a&mrumodkvpftoif;awmfonf b0 pdwfcsrI&Edkifjcif;udk jiif;qdkum? rdrd\pdwfcsrItm;
]]ppfrSefaom}}toif;awmf\toif;om;jzpfjcif;tay: tajcjyKonf/
2/ *RefuJvfAJif John Calvin (toif;awmfjyKjyifa&;umv\ tpOftvmonf pdwfcsrIudk aG;aumuf
jcif;(BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;)ay: tajcjyKaomfvnf;? b0\tqHk;w&m;pD&ifawmfrl&maeYrwdkifrD
pdwfcsaMumif; rodEkdifacs/
3/ *Ref0Dpav-John Wesley (rufo'pftpOftvm)onf pdwfcs&rItm; pHkvifjynfh0aomcspfjcif;
arwmay: tajcjyKonf/ (rdrdodorQtjypfrsm;ESifhuif;um toufSifjcif;)
4/ ESpfjcif;toif;awmftrsm;pkwdkYonf pdwfcs&rItm; tcrJhaus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh ormusrf;pmvm
uwdawmfrsm;ay: tajcjyKjcif;buf ,drf;,dkifMuonf/ (odkYaomf owday;rIESihf qHk;rrIrsm;tm;vHk;
vpfvsLI Muonf)
c&pf,mef\pdwfcsrItaMumif;tm; "ropfusrf;ESifhqdkif wifjy&m qefYusifaeoa,mifSdaomfvnf;
ESpfrsKd;pvHk;trSefjzpfaom tE&m,fESpfrsKd;Sdonf/
1/ ]]u,fwifjcif;wpfcg&NyD;vQif? tNrJu,fwifjcif;jzpfonf}}
2/ ]]u,fwifjcif;qufvufxdef;odrf;&m vl\vkyfaqmifrI txl;jyKvGef;jcif;}}
243

]]wpfcgtjyifbufa&mufygu? tNrJwrf;tjyifrSm}}jzpfaMumif; a[NAJMo0g'pm Sif;vif;pGmoGefoif

onf/ vlom;\tm;xkwfrI (aumif;rIjyKjcif;)onf ,HkMunfolrsm;\u,fwifjcif;udk xdef;ay;onfr[kwfacs/
(*v 3;1-14)/ odkYaomf aumif;rIjyKjcif;rSm c&pf,meftoufwm\ yef;wdkifjzpfonf/ ({ 2;10)/ if;wdkYrSm
bk&m;ociftm; MuKHawGYum? 0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yf&mrS olYtvkdvdk? obm0ususjzpfvmaom tusKd;&v'frsm;
jzpfonf/ if;wdkYrSm vlwpfa,mufppfrSefpGm ajymif;vJaMumif;\om"ursm;jzpfonf/
pdwfcs&rIonf oefYSif;&ef ormusrf;pm\ac:zdwfrIudk tm;aysmhoGm;ap&efr[kwfacs! "rw&m;t&qdk
vQif pdwfcs&rIonf oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\MuiftifvuPmESifh vkyfaqmifrIay: tajcwnfonf/
1/ crnf;awmfbk&m;\cspfjcif;arwmawmfESifh *kPmawmf
2/ om;awmf\NyD;pD;cJhNyD;aom ,ZfylaZmfjcif;tvkyf
3/ c&pfawmfxHodkY 0dnmOfawmf\ydk;yef;rIESihf
if;aemufydkif;wGif aemifw&aom,HkMunfoltxJ c&pfawmfudk azmfaqmifjcif;
uJhodkYaom u,fwifjcif;\taxmuftxm;rSm urmYtjrifajymif;vJoGm;jcif;? ESvHk;om;ajymif;vJ
oGm;jcif;? toufSifjcif;yHkpH ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;ESifh ajrmfvifhjcif;ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;jzpfonf! toufSifjcif;yHkpH
\om"urygbJ? twdwfwpfcsdefu pdwfcHpm;rItm;jzifhjyKaom qHk;jzwfcsufwpf&yfay: tajcjyKr&acs/
(Oyrmtao;- rJ 7;15-23/ 13;20-22/ a,m[ef 15)
pdwfcsrIonf u,fwifjcif;enf;wl? c&pf,meftoufwmenf;wl bk&m;ocif\*kPmawmftm;
wHkYjyefrIjzifh tpjyKum? if;wHkYjyefrIonf woufvHk;qufwdkufjzpfay:onf/ if;rSm ajymif;vJrIwpf&yfjzpfNyD;?
,HkMunfjcif;qdkif&m ajymif;vJjcif;jzpfonf!
]]oufaocHonf}}if;rSm tjcm;aom syn ygonfh aygif;pyfa0g[m&wpfckjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfrSm
,HkMunfol\0dnmOfESifh oufaocHabmf? cHbufjzpfonf/ aygvkonf aygif;pyfaom pum;vHk;udk 2;15/
8;16 ESifh 9;1 wdkYoHk;onf/
8;17]]ygu^vQif}}ti,f 9? 10? 11? 13(ESpfcg)ESifh 17(ESpfcg)wdkY cRif;csufyg0gusrsm;Sdonf/ if;wdkYtm;vHk;
rSm pma&;oltjrif rSefonf[krSwf,lrIrsm; odkYr[kwf ol\pma&;[efoufoufjzpfonf/aygvkonf a&mrNrdKU
toif;awmfSd rdrd\pmzwfolrsm;udk c&pf,mefrsm;tjzpf rSwf,lxm;onf/
tcef;i,f]]twlvufwGJyg0ifonf}}[kt"dyg,f&aom syn toHk;jyKonhf aygif;pyfpum;vHk;oHk;vHk;yg0if
onf/
1/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfESifhtwl tarGcHonf
2 ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfESihftwl 'kucHonf
3/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfESifhtwl bkef;BuD;Murnf
ti,f 22(ESpfcg)? 26? 28wdkY syn ygaom aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm; ydkygSdonf/ {zuf 2;5-6vnf;
c&pfawmftxJu ,HkMunfol\touftm; a&;om;azmfjy&m syn aygif;pyfpum;vHk;oHk;ckSdygonf/
]]tarGcHrsm;}}if;rSm ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; a&;om;azmf&m toHk;jyKonfhrdom;pkESifh wifpm;aomtjcm;pum;
vHk;wpfckjzpfonf/ (4;13-14/ 9;8/ *v 3;29)/ atmufazmfjyaom txl;taMumif;t&mudkMunfhyg/

244

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/,HkMunfolcH&aom tarGawmf

ormusrf;pmonf ,HkMunfolrsm;&Sdaom tarGajrmufrsm;pGmwdkYtaMumif; ajymygonf/ (wref

20;32/ 26;18/ { 1;4/ aum 1;12/ 3;24)/ taMumif;rSm olwdkYonf t&mcyfodrf;tm; tarGcHol a,IESifh
rdom;pkawmfpyfum (a[NAJ 1;2) olwdkYonf tarGcHazmfcHbufrsm;jzpfMu\/ (a&mr 8;17/ *v 4;7)/
olwdkYqufcH&Sdonfh tarGrsm;rSm
- bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf (rJ 25;34/ 1aum 6;9-10/ 15;50/ {zuf 5;5/
- xm0&touf (rJ 19;29/ a[NAJ 9;15)
- bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfrsm; (a[NAJ 6;12)
- uwdawmftwdkif; bk&m;ocif\umuG,frI (1ay 1;4-5)
]]tarGcHbufrsm;}}? if;rSm sun ygaomaygif;pyfpum;vHk; aemufxyfwrsKd;jzpfonf/ c&pfawmfESihf,HkMunf
olrsm;onf aojcif;ESifhtoufSifjcif;tm; twlcHpm;cJhMuaMumif; tav;teufjyK&ef aygvkonf pum;vHk;
opfrsm;udk tcef;BuD; 8 trsm;tjym;xGifoHk;xm;onf/
1/ tarGcHbufrsm;? i,f 17
2/ 'kuqif;&JcHbufrsm;? i,f 17
3/ bkef;BuD;abmf? bkef;BuD;bufrsm;? ti,f 17

]]udk,fawmfESifhtwl wu,f'kucHygu}}
]]udk,fawmfESifhtwl trSefyif 'kucHygu}}
]]c&pfawmf\'kuqif;&Jrsm; a0rQcHpm;Muygu}}
]]udk,fawmf\'kuqif;&Jrsm; a0rQcHpm;vsuf}}
'kucHpm;&jcif;qdkonfrSm usqif;cJhNyD;aomurm ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf pHjzpfonf/ (rJ 5;10-12/
a,m 15;18-21/ 16;1-2/ 17;14/ wref 14;22/ a&mr 5;3-4/ 8;17/ 2aum 4;16-18/ zd 1;29/ 1ouf
3;3/ 2wd 3;12/ ,m 1;2-4/ 1ay 4;12-19)/ a,Ionf erlemjyooGm;cJhNyDjzpf\/ (a[NAJ 5;8)/
tcef;BuD;\ aemufydkif; taMumif;t&mudk qufvufazmfjyoGm;onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/
/
c&pf,mefrsm; tb,faMumihf 'kuqif;&JcHMuoenf;? - 5;3-I)/

NASB, NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

]]udk,fawmfESifhtwl bkef;BuD;apjcif;cHMu}}a,m[ef\ta&;tom;rsm; a,Ionf rdrdtaocHjcif;t

aMumif;ajymonfhtcgwdkif;? olonf if;udk ]]bkef;BuD;apjcif;cH&rI}}[k ajymavhSdonf/ a,Ionf 'kuqif;&JcH
jcif;tm;jzifh bkef;BuD;apjcif;cH&onf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf &yfwnfrItm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? tawGYtMuHKtm;jzifh
vnf;aumif; a,Ib0uJhodkY jzpfysufcJhonfht&mrsm;udk a0rQ&SdMuonf/ (a&mr 6)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /
bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf pdk;pHjcif;tm;- 5;17-18Munfhyg/
NASB

(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/

18

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,ckrsufarSmufumv 'kuqif;&Jrsm;onf igwdkY ay:xGef;vwHhaombkef;BuD;jcif;ESifh

EIdif;,SOf&ef rxdkufwef[k igxif\/ 19taMumif;rlum; avmuonf bk&m;ocif\om;wdkY
ay:xGef;jcif;udk vGefpGmawmifhwvsuf xufoefpGm apmifharQmfae\/ 20taMumif;rlum; avmuonf
245

tedpEkdifiHodkYvdkufaeonfrSm ajrmfvifhjcif;jzifh vkdufapoltSifaMumifhomjzpf\/ 21if;rSm avmu

onfvnf; azgufjyefysufpD;jcif;\ uRefjyKrIrS bk&m;ocifhuav;wdkY\vGwfajrmufjcif; bkef;awmfxJ
vGwfajrmufrnfhtaMumif;wnf;/ 22taMumif;rSm wavmuvHk;onf ,ckwdkifatmif om;zGm;jcif;
a0'emudk wnDwnf;cHpm;vsuf nnf;nLonf udkigwdkYod&Mu\/ 23xdkrQru 0dnmOfawmf\tOD;oD;udk
cHpm;&Sdol igwdkYudk,fwdkifonfvnf; igwdkY\udk,fcEmaG;EIwfjcif;jzpfonfh om;t&m csD;ajrmufjcif;
24
tm; xufoefpGmapmifharQmfvsuf igwdkYtxJ nnf;nLvsufSdMu\/ taMumif;rlum;? igwdkYonf
ajrmfvifhjcif;tm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;&Mu\/ odkYaomf jrif&aomt&mudk arQmfvifhjcif;onf ajrmfvifhjcif;
rrnf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf? tb,folonf rdrdjrif&aom t&mudk arQmfvifhaevdrfhrnfenf;/
25
odkYaomf igwdkYonf rjrif&ao;aomt&mudk arQmfvifh aeonfqdkvQif pGJNrJvsuf xufoefpGmapmifharQmf
Mu\/
8;18]]xif\}}if;rSm pifppftm;jzifh ]]aygif;xnfhonf}}[ljzpf\/ if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE INDICATIVE
jzpfonf/ aygvkonf c&pf,mefcHpm;&onfh 'kuqif;&JtaMumif;udkyif qufvufqifjcifaejcif;jzpfonf/
if;rSm pm&if;udkifjcif;^a&wGufjcif;qdkif&m a0g[m&jzpfNyD;? *kwpdkufpl;prf;SmazGonfht&mwpfcktm; tqHk;
owfodkY a&mufSdjcif;jzpfonf/ if;rSm a&mrMo0g'pm xyfcgwpfvJvJ ay:aomOD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/(2;3 \
rSwfcsufMunfhyg/),HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYem;vnfoabmaygufonfh 0dnmOfa&;&mormw&m;\tvif;xJ
toufSifMu&rnfjzpfonf/
]]'kuqif;&Jrsm;}}c&pfawmftm; tapcH&mrS &Sdaom'kuqif;&JtcsKdUtm; 1aum 4;9-12/ 2aum 4;7-12/
6;4-10/ 11;24-27/ a[NAJ 11;35-38 wdkY em;vnfodSd&onf/
]],ckrsufarSmufumv}}*sL;vlrsKd;wdkYonf urmYordkif;udk uyfumvESpfyg;jzifh cGJxm;onf[k ,HkMunfMu
um? ,ckrsufarSmufqdk;,kwfaomumvESihf vmvwHhaom ajzmifhrwfonfhuyfumv[ljzpfonf/ (rJ
12;32/ rmuk 10;30)/ "ra[mif;usrf;onf ajzmifhrwfaomuyfumvtopf wnfaxmif&ef arSd,tSif
<uvmjcif;udk arQmfvifhonf/ odkYaomf c&pfawmf\<uvmjcif;ESpfrsKd;jzpfonfh u,fwifaomoltjzpf (vlom;
tjzpf0ifpm;jcif;)ESifh tSifocif('kwd,tBudrf <uvmjcif;)tjzpf 'kwd,tBudrf<uvmjcif;wdkYonf uyfum
vESpfrsKd;tm;xyfvsuf om;jzpfoGm;aponf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfqdkif&m ]]jzpfaeNyD;
aomt&m}}ESihf ]]rjzpf&ao;aomt&m}}ESpfck\ wif;rmrIMum;xJ toufSifaeMujcif;jzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;
t&m/ / ,ckuyfumvESifh vmvwHhaom uyfumvtaMumif; 12;2Munfhyg/
]]bkef;BuD;jcif;...xdkufwef/}}a0g[m&ESpfckpvHk; "ra[mif;usrf;\ tav;csdefqdkif&moabmESihfqufpyf
vsuf av;vHaomt&m wefbdk;Sdonfqdkonfh t,ltqjzpfonf/ ]]xdkufwef}}qdkonfrSm ukefonfoHk;
a0g[m&jzpfNyD;]]tav;csdefpD;EkdiforQpD;onf}}[kqdkvdkonf/ a[NAJa0g[m&]]bkef;BuD;onf}}-glory onfvnf;
]]av;onf}}[lonfhrl&if;rSqif;oufum aTuJhodkY wefbdk;Sdonfqdkonfht"dyg,fSdonf/ rSwfpktjynfhtpHkudk
3;23 Munfhyg/
aygvka&;om;onfh pmrsm;rl ]]bkef;BuD;onf^bkef;wefcdk;}}-glory qdkonfh a0g[m&onf tem*wf
jzpfvmrnfht&mudk &nfnTef;avhSdonf/ (2aum 4;16-18)/ if;onf csD;ajrmufjcif;cHaom? c&pfawmf\
bkef;BuD;aom'kwd,tBudrf jyefvnf<uvmjcif;\ cef;em;x,f0grIESifh wefcdk;awmfukd &nfnTef;onf/ (aum
3;4)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bkef;wefcdk;tm; 3;23Munfhyg/
246

]]igwdkYay:xGef;vwHhaom/}}if;rSm tjyKcHBud,m PASSIVE (deponent-usrf;usdef xGufqdkrI)jzpfNyD;?

jyKvkyfolrSm bk&m;ocif(0g)0dnmOfawmfjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm; b0 toufSifonfrSm rsufpdtjrif
tm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh toufSifjcif;jzpfonf/ (i,f 24/ 1aum 2;9/ 13;12/ 2aum 5;7/
a[NAJ 11;1)
pum;vHk;udk a&mrMo0g'pmxJ aygvktawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;um? vlom;rsm;\ SmazGawGYSdrIr[kwfbJ?
bk&m;ocif\ormw&m;tm; tav;teufjyKonf/
1/ if;pum;vHk;\Bud,m
u/ 1;17 - ay:xGef;(zGifhjy)cJhNyD;aom bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfrI (PRESENT PASSIVE INDICATIVE)
c/ 1;18 - ay:xGef;(zGifhjy)cJhNyD;aom bk&m;ocif\trsufawmf (PRESENT PASSIVE INDICATIVE)
*/ 8;18 - zGifhjyvwHhaom (ay:xGef;vwHhaom)bkef;BuD;jcif; (AORIST PASSIVE INFINITIVE )
2/ if;pum;vHk;\emrf
u/ 2;5 - trsufawmfESifh bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfaom w&m;pD&ifrI ay:xGef;aomaeY
c/ 8;19 - avmuonf bk&m;ocif\om;rsm; ay:xGef;jcif;udk xufoefpGm apmifharQmfaeonf/
*/ 16;25 zHk;uG,fvsLdU0Sufaomt&mtm; zGifhjyawmfrljcif;ESifhtnD
8;19]]avmuonf bk&m;ocif\om;wdkY ay:xGef;jcif;udk vGefpGmawmifhwvsuf xufoefpGmapmifharQmf/}}
zefqif;xm;aom kyfavmutm; vnfyif;qefYvsuf rsufpdwqHk; SmazGMunfhIaeaom vlwpfa,muftvm;
wifpm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tm'HESifh{0wdkY\ykefuefrIonf avmuudk qdk;usKd;ay;cJhonf/ (urm 3;17-19)/
ykefuefaomaumif;uifwrefrsm;? r,HkMunfolvlom;rsm;ESifh olwdkYtm; oD;jcm;cGJxkwf&ef jyifqifxm;&m
t&yfuvTJvQif zefqif;orQtm;vHk;wdkYonf tqHk; aG;EIwfjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf/ (Bruce Corley and Curtis
Vaughan, Romans p. 95, atmufajc rSwfpk 46)
if;\Bud,mjzpfaom ]]xufoefpGmapmifharQmf}}(PRESENT MIDDLE[usrf;usdefxGufqdkrI-deponent]
INDICATIVE)pum;vHk;rSm pmydk'f oHk;cgygSdonf/
1/ i,f 19- avmu (creation-zefqif;jcif;)onf uyfumvtopfudk xufoefpGmapmifharQmfonf
2/ i,f 23- ,HkMunfolrsm;onf udk,fcEmtopfudk xufoefpGm apmifharQmfMuonf
3/ i,f 25 - ,HkMunfolrsm;onf uyfumvtopfqdkif&majrmfvifhjcif;tm; xufoefpGm apmifharQmfMu
onf
aygvkonf Bud,mpum;vHk;udkyif tvm;wl t"dyg,fjzifh 1aum 1;7/ *v 5;5/ zd 3;20wdkY
oHk;onf/ 'kwd,tBudrf <uvmjcif;onf ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf aMumufp&mr[kwfbJ? rdom;pkjyefvnf
qHkqnf;&m tcgor,omvQifjzpfonf

txl;taMumif;t&m/
I.

/obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;

pum;csD
u/ zefqif;jcif;wpfckvHk;rSm bk&m;ocifonf vlom;ESifhtcspfZmwfvrf;cif;&m aemufcHum;csyf(0g)
pifjrifhBuD;jzpfonf/
c/ if;onf vlom;\usqif;rItm; rQa0cHpm;&onfenf;wl (urm 3;17/ 6;1/ a[Sm 24;3-8/
a&mr 8;18-20)tem*wf jzpfvmrnfhaG;EIwfjcif;udkvnf; a0rQcHpm;ayrnf/ (a[Sm 11;6-9/
a&mr 8;20-22/ Asm 21-22)
247

*/ tjypfjynfhaomvlom;onf obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm; rdrd\earmferJhEkdifaomavmbjzifh t"rjyK

usifhzsufqD;onf/ atmufygpmydk'fudk Edward Capenter \The Canon of Westminster rS
aumufEkwf,lonf/
]]bk&m;ocifzefqif;&mjzpfaom wurmvHk;twdkif;twmrubJ? rdrdywfvnfpBuFm0Xmtm; tnmt
wmuif;rJhpGm xdckdufaprI? vlom;npfnif;aponfhavxk? t&if;tjrpfrsm; vlom;tqdyfoifhapaomajrqDvTm?
oljyKef;wD; apaomopfawmrsm;? rnfolbmbJajymajym em;raxmifbJ?tirf;r&wdkufcdkufzsufqD;rIrsm;onf
a&Snfqdk;usKd;rsm;jzpfxGef;aponf/ if;rSm wppDjzifh? ndEIdif;azmfr&aom wdkufcdkufrIjzpfonf/ obm0
ywf0ef;usif\ o[mZwjzpfrItm;xdef;odrf;&ef tenf;i,frQyif*krpdkufbJ? vlom;rsKd;qufwpfckonf tjcm;
rsKd;quftay: wm0ef odwwfjcif; uif;rJhvGef;vSacsonf}}
C/ igwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ urmN*dKvftm; npfnrf;aprIESifh rw&m;toHk;csrI'Pfudk jyef&dwfodrf;
aeMuonfomru? igwdkY\om;pOfajr;qufwdkYonf jyefvSnfhr&aom ydkrdkjiif;xefqdk;0g;onfh
tusKd;qufrsm; &dwfodrf;Mu&efom Sdayawmhonf/
II. ormusrf;pmvmtaMumif;rsm;
u/ "ra[mif;usrf;
1/ urmOD; 1-3
(u) avmu (creation-zefqif;jcif;)onf vlom;ESifhrdrd rdwfo[m,jyK&ef ae&mtjzpf
bk&m;ocif txl;zefqif;&mae&mt&yfjzpfonf/ (urm 1;1-25)/
(c) zefqif;jcif;rSm aumif;rGefaomt&mjzpfNyD; (urm 1;4? 10? 12? 18? 21? 25) tvGef
w&maumif;ygonf/ (urm 1;31)/ if;rSm bk&m;ociftwGuf oufaoaumif;jzpf
onf[kqdkvdkonf/ (qmvH 19;1-16)
(*) vlom;tm; zefqif;jcif;\txG#ftacgifjzpfap&ef &nfG,fonf/ (urm 1;26-27)
(C) vlom;[lonf bk&m;ocif\b@mxdef;tjzpf pdk;rdk;&ef (a[NAJpum; ]]ajcjzifh eif;&ef}})
jzpfonf/ (urm 1;28-30/ qmvH 8;3-8/ a[NAJ 2;6-8)/ bk&m;ocifonf
zefqif;jcif;\ tSifocifjzpfum? if;tjzpf qufvufwnfNrJ onf/ (xGuf 19;5/
a,mb 37-41/ qmvH 24;1-2/ 95;3-5/ 102;25/ 115;15/ 121;2/ 124;8/ 134;3/
146;6/ a[Sm 37;16)
(i) vlom;onf zefqif;jcif;\b@xdef;jzpfjcif;tm; urm 2;15 awGY&onf/ ]]{'ifO,smOf
udkpdkufysKd;&ef?apmifhaSmufumuG,f&ef}}[ljzpfonf/ (0wfjyK25;23/ 1&m 29;14)/
2/ bk&m;ocifonf zefqif;jcif;txl;ojzifh wd&pmefrsm;udk cspfawmfrlonf/
(u) wd&pmefrsm;ukd aumif;pGmjyKrl&ef armaS\ynwfcsufrsm;
(c) a*sa[m0g; (YHWH)onf v0doefESihf upm;jcif;(qmvH 104;26)
(*) wd&pmefrsm;tm; bk&m;ocif*kpdkufyHk (a,me 4;11)
(C) aemifjzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;tm; azmfjy&m obm0ywf0ef;usiftaMumif; yg0ifrI(a[Sm
11;6-9/ Asm 21-22)/
3/ obm0onf twdkif;twmwpfckjzifh bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf xifSm;aponf/
(u) qmvH 19;1-6
(c) qmvH 29;1-9
(*) a,mb 37-41
248

III.

4/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\arwmawmfESihf y#dnmOfw&m;ay: opmSdawmfrljcif;tm;jyo&m obm0

ywf0ef;usifrSm wpfcktygt0ifjzpfonf/
(u) w&m; 27-28/ 3"r 17
(c) ya&mzufusrf;rsm; wpfavQmufvHk;
c/ "ropfusrf;
1/ bk&m;ocifukd zefqif;aomtSiftjzpf awGU&onf/ oHk;yg;wpfqljzpfawmfrlaom? zefqif;
Sifwpfyg;wnf;omvQifSdonf/ ({avm[Jrf-Elohim urm 1;1/ 0dnmOfawmf? urm 1;2 ESifh
a,I? "ropfusrf;) if;wdkYuvTJvQif zefqif;cHrsm;jzpfonf/
(u) wref 17;24
(c) a[NAJ 11;3
(*) Asm 4;11
2/ bk&m;ocifonf zefqif;jcif; a,Itm;jzifhjyKonf
(u) a,m[ef 1;3? 10
(c) 1aum 8;6
(*) aum 1;16
(C) a[NAJ 1;2
3/ bk&m;ocifonf obm0ywf0ef;usiftm; *kpdkufaMumif; a,Ionf rdrd\a'oemrsm;
wdkufkdufajymMum;cJhonf/
(u) avxJysHoef;aom iSufrsm;ESifh v,fuGif;jyifxJu awmESif;yef;rsm;taMumif;-rJ
6;26? 28-30
(c) pOfhuav;rsm;taMumif; -rJ 10;29
4/ vlom;tm;vHk;onf zefqif;aomt&mrsm;tm;jzifh bk&m;ociftm; od&orQtay: wm0ef
udk,fpDSdMuaMumif; aygvktcdkiftrmajymonf/ (obm0tm;jzifh zGifhjyawmfrljcif;? a&mr 1;1920/ Asm 21-22)
ed*kH;csKyf
u/ obm0ywf0ef;usifay: uRefawmfwdkY wm0efSdonf
c/ tjypfjynfhaomvlom;onf bk&m;ocif\tjcm;aomaumif;rGefonfh vufaqmifrsm;tm; az:jycJh
Muonfenf;wl?
*/ obm0ywf0ef;usifrSm acw,m,Djzpfonf/ if;rSm uG,faysmufoGm;vdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ (2ay
3;7) bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkY urm\ordkif;tquftoG,ftm; z,fSm;ypfvdrfhrnf/ tjypf
w&m;onf olYvrf;aMumif; olajy;aernfjzpfaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifonf if;\abmiftm;
owfrSwfydkif;jzwfcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ zefqif;jcif;onf aG;EIwfjcif;cH&ayvdrfhrnf/ (a&mr 8;18-25)/

]]ay:xGef;jcif;^zGifhjyjcif;}}a0g[m&\t"dyg,frSm zGifhjy&ef(0g)taMumif;Mum;&ef ]]cef;qD;tm; aemuf

jyefqGJonf}}[kqdkvdkonf/ if;rSm "ropfusrf;\aemufqHk;usrf;jzpfaom ]]Asm'dwfusrf;}}(0g)zGifhjyawmfrljcif;
usrf;\emrnfvnf;jzpfonf/ 'kwd,tBudrf <uvmjcif;tm; ay:xGef;awmfrljcif;[kvnf;ac:ygonf/ (1aum
1;7-8/ 1ay 1;13)
249

 ]]bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;}}if;rSm c&pf,mefrsm;tm;azmfjy&ef toHk;rsm;onfh vlodrsm;aomwifpm;rI wpfck

jzpfonf/ (8;14? 16)/ if;pum;vHk;onf bk&m;ociftm; zciftjzpfESifh a,Itm; twktEIdif;rJhom;awmf
tjzpfajymonf/ (a,m 1;18/ 3;16? 18/ a[NAJ 1;2/ 3;6/ 5;8/ 7;28/ 1a,m 4;9)/
"ra[mif; tpa&;rSm bk&m;ocif\om;jzpfaomfvnf; (a[maS 11;1)if;\ Sifbk&ifrSmvnf;
bk&m;ocif\om;jzpfonf/ (2"r 7)/ oabmudk "ropfusrf;wGif rJ 5;9 yxrOD;qHk;azmfjyonf/
(a,m 1;12/ 2aum 6;18/ *v 3;26/ 1a,m 3;1? 10/ Asm 21;7)/
8;20
NASB, NKJV
NRSV
]]taMumif;rlum;
TEV
]]taMumif;rlum;
NJB
]]avmuonf

avmuonf tedpEkdifiHodkYvdkuf}}
avmuonf wefbdk;rJhjzpfoGm;ap&ef jypf'PfpD&ifcHcJhonf}}
if;\&nfG,fcsuftwdkif; rpGrf;aqmifEkdifatmifjyKjcif;cH&onfrSm
avm u\trSm; wpHkw&maMumifhr[kwfacs/}}
jrefrmormusrf;pm\ ]]tedp}}pum;vHk;jzpfaom]]futility}}tm; *&d"ra[mif;usrf; t"dyg,ftrsKd;rsKd;
jzifhoHk;&m t"dyg,fuif;rJhonf? wefbdk;rJhonf? oHk;r&? rSm;,Gif;aombk&m;rsm; (kyfwkrsm;)ESifh [if;vif;Avm
jzpfjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifzefqif;orQt&mtm;vHk;onf bk&m;ocifzefqif;jcif;\ &nfG,fcsuftwdkif;
r[kwfbJ? oHk;r&jzpfoGm;cJhonfrSefaomfvnf; (urm 3;17-19/ a[Sm 24;3-8)bk&m;ocifonf wpfaeYaom
tcgusvQif usqif;jcif;qdkif&m usdefqJrItm; z,fSm;vdrfhrnf/ (Asm 22;3)/ urmrSm jzpfvm&efbk&m;ocif
&nfG,fonfhurmr[kwfacs!
]]ajrmfvifhjcif;jzifhvkdufapol tSifaMumifhomjzpf\/}} Bud,mrSm tjyKcH AORIST PASSIVE jzpfNyD;?
jyKvkyfolrSm bk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif;odomonf/ (NASB, NKJV, TEV)olonf zefqif;onfhkyfavmutm;
wefbdk;rJhjzpfoGm;apjcif;rSm
1/ vlom;\ykefuefrIaMumihf
2/ vlom;tm; rdrdxHawmfodkY jyefvSnfhvm&ef tm;xkwfrIwpfckjzpfonf/ (w&m;a[m 27-29)
&nfG,fcsufygaom wefbdk;rJhjzpfoGm;apjcif;rSm arwm,m,DomvQifjzpfvdrfhrnf/ (a&mr 11;1132)/ aG;EIwfcHvlom; uwdjyKxm;onfh tem*wfkyfurmSdygonf/ (udk,fcEmESifhurm)/
bk&m;ocifonf tm'H\ykefuefrIudk BudKwifodSdonf/ olonf if;tm; jzpfysufcGifhjyKvkdufum?
usqif;aomurmwGif usqif;aomvlom;ESifhtwl vkyfudkif&efaG;cs,fonf/ uJhodkYaomurmrSm jzpfvm&ef
bk&m;ocif&nfG,fxm;onfh urmr[kwfacs/ urmrSm wpfaeYaomtcg jzpfvwHhaomurmr[kwfacs/
(2ay 3;10/ Asm 21;1-3)/ 5;2u]]ajrmfvifhjcif;}}taMumif;rSwfpkMunfhyg/
8;21]]avmu(zefqif;jcif;)onfvnf;azgufjyefysufpD;jcif;\uRefjyKrIrS...vGwfajrmufrnfhtaMumif;
wnf;}}obm0ywf0ef;usifonf xm0&umv\tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfvdrfhrnf/ (a[Sm 11;6-10)/ aumif;
uifbHkonf jyefvnfzefqif;aomurmodkY jyefvmvdrfhrnf/ (rJ 5;18/ 24;35/ 2ay 3;10/ Asm 21;1)/
tem*wfonf {'ifO,smOf\okccsrf;om jyefvmjcif;jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ if;rSm bk&m;ocifESifhvlom;? vlwpfOD;
csif;? vlom;ESifhwd&pmefrsm;? vlom;ESifh urmajrwdkY\ rdwfo[m,jzpfjcif;wnf;! ormusrf;pmonf
bk&m;ocif? vlom;ESifhwd&pmefrsm; (a[Sm 11;6-9) O,smOfwpfckxJrdwfo[m,jzpfum? pnf;vHk;nDnTwf
aeMujcif;ESifhtpjyKvsuf (urm 1-2)tvm;wl yHkpHwpfrsKd;ESifhyif tqHk;owfxm;onf/ (Asm'dwf 21-22)/
250

 ]]azgufjyefysufpD;jcif;}}txl;taMumif;t&m 1;23Munfhyg/
]]bk&m;ocifh uav;wdkY\(children)vGwfajrmufjcif; bkef;awmfxJ}}tcef;i,f 14 ,HkMunfolwdkY
udk]]bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;}}(sons)[kac:um? ti,f 16rl ]]bk&m;ocif\uav;rsm;(children)? ti,f 17
]]bk&m;ociftarGcHrsm;}}[kac:onf/ tem*wf bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfonf ,HkMunfolrsm;odkY ay:vmrnf
[k ti,f 18 ajymonf/ avmuonf bk&m;ocifhom;wdkY\ ay:xGef;jcif;udk apmifharQmfaeMuonf/
taMumif;rSm tem*wfbk&m;ocifhom;wdkY bkef;BuD;onfhtcg if;udk olwdkYonf a0rQcHpm;Murnfjzpfaom
aMumifh(i,f 21)jzpfaMumif; ,ckti,f 19ajymygonf/ uJhodkY zefqif;jcif; (avmu)txl;ojzifh
vlom;rsm;tm; e*dkrlvtwdkif; jyefjzpfapjcif;onf zefqif;jcif;\e*dkrlv&nfG,fcsuf jynfhpHkapvdrfhrnfjzpfNyD;
-bk&m;ocifESifhvlom;(o@mefawmftwdkif; zefqif;xm;aom)tm; &if;ESD;pGm rdwfo[m,jzpfoGm;apvdrfhrnf/
]]wavmuvHk;(zefqif;jcif;wpfckvHk;) nnf;nLvsufSdonf}}if;rSm]]twlnnf;nLonf}}qdkaom syn
ygonfh aygvk\aygif;pyfpum;vHk; aemufwpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ olonf if;udktajcjyKum pum;vHk;trsm;tjym;
xGifcJhayvdrfhrnf/ aygvkonf a,& 12;4? 11(w&m;a[m 27-29)wdkYudk &nfnTef;jcif;jzpf[efSdygonf/
xdkusrf;ydk'f vlom;\ tjypfaMumifh vlqdwfnH&mjzpfrIaMumifh tpa&;ajr idka<u;onf/
usrf;ydk'f ]]nnf;nL}}pum;vHk;oHk;BudrfoHk;aMumif; rSwfom;yg/
1/ ay:xGef;vmrnfhuyfumvtopfudk awmifhw avmu (zefqif;jcif;)nnf;nLonf/
(PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE)i,f 22 (i,f 19-21)
2/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\pHkvifaom u,fwifjcif;(udk,fcEmopf-2aum 5;2? 4)udk awmifhw
nnf;nLonf/-i,f 23/
3/ uyfumvtopf\tOD;oD;tjzpf rdrdudk,frdrday;aom0dnmOfawmfonfvnf; nnf;nLonf/
(qkawmif;ay;onf PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE)i,f? 26/
]]om;bGm;jcif;a0'emcHpm;onf}}*sL;todkif;t0dkif; if;udk uyfumvtopf arG;zGm;jcif;\a0'em}} (uyf
umvtopf\ om;bGm;jcif;a0'em)[kac:onf/-rmuk 13;8/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;uyfumvtopf\ eHeufrdk;
aomufcsdefonf jyomemtcuftcJuif;vdrfhrnfum; r[kwfacs/ usqif;aom urmN*dKvf\udk,fusifh
w&m;ESifh 0dnmOfa&;tajctaerSm qdk;oxufqdk;0g;vmvdrfhrnf/ (rJ 24/ rmuk 13/ vkum 21/ 2ouf
2;1-12 tygt0if Asm'dwf 5-18awGY&aom wHqdyfckESpfck? wHydk;ckepfvHk;ESifhzvm;ckepfvHk;wdkYudkvnf;
rSwfom;yg/) rnfodkYjzpfap om;zGm;jcif;a0'emwdkYrSm arG;zGm;vmrnfhuav;tm; arQmfvifhum? 0rf;omyDwd
jzpf&jcif;\ a0'emrsm;omjzpfMuonfenf;wl uyfumvtopfrSmvnf; xdkenf;wlomvQifjzpfygonf!
8;23]]igwdkYudk,fwdkif}}emrfpm;rSm tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/
]]0dnmOfawmftOD;oD;}}a0g[m& (aparche)rSm "roabmt& 2aum 1;22u ]]0dnmOfawmfwHqdyf}}
2aum 5;5ESifh{zuf 1;14Sd ]]0dnmOfawmf\pm;&ef(p&H)}}wdkYESifhtvm;wljzpfonf/
"ra[mif;usrf;xJu tOD;oD;rsm;\oabmrSm aumuf&dwfcsdefa&mufawmhrnftaMumif; uwdu0wf
jyrIjzpfonf/ if;wdkYonf &dwfodrf;orQaumufpyg;rsm;tm;vHk; ydkifqdkifolrSm bk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif; yHkaqmif
onf/ (w&m; 26;1-11)a,Ionf jyefSifxajrmufjcif;\tOD;oD;jzpfonfenf;wl (1aum 15;20)
0dnmOfawmfrSm uyfumvtopf\tOD;oD;jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\uav;rsm;tjzpfjzifh
rdrdwdkYtxJ usdef;0yfum? rdrdwdkYESifhtwl aexdkifol0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh ,ckyifvQif aumif;uifbHk\0rf;ajrmuf
251

rIokccsrf;omESifhqdkifaom t&mtcsKdUawGUMuHKcHpm;aeMuonf/ if;rSm *sL;vlrsKd;rsm; em;vnfonfhxyfvsufdS

uyfumvESpfrsKd;\ ]]jzpfaeNyD;aomt&m}}ESifh]]rjzpf&ao;aomt&m}}ESpfck\Mum; wif;rmrIjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfol
wdkYrSm aumif;uifEkdifiHom;ESifh urmajray:aexdkifaom aumif;uifEdkifiHom;rsm;jzpfMu\!
]]igwdkYudk,fwdkif...igwdkYtxJ nnf;nLMu\/}}if;rSm *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;\xyfaeaomuyfumvESpfck\
]]jzpfaeNyD;aomt&m}}ESifh ]]rjzpf&ao;aomt&m}}ESpfckMum; wif;rmonfhtajctaetaMumif; Sif;vif;rIESifhwl
onf/ (Gordon Fee and Douglas Suart wdkY\ How To Read the Bible For All Its Worth, pp.145-148
Munfhyg/) bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfwnfaxmifaeNyDjzpfaomfvnf; tqHk;r[kwfao;acs/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf
jyefSifxajrmufaomtouf&SdaeMuNyDaomfvnf;? olwkdY\udk,fcEmrSm ao&efSdaeao;onf/ (2aum 5;24)/
tjypf(\'Pf)rS u,fwifjcif;&SdNyD;jzpfMuaomfvnf; tjypfESifhkef;uefwdkufcdkuf aeMuqJjzpfonf/ (a&mr 7/
{zuf 6;10-18)/
]]om;t&m csD;ajrmufjcif;tm; xufoefpGmapmifharQmfvsuf}}om;t&m csD;ajrmufjcif;}}(arG;pm;jcif;)
qdkonfrSm u,fwifjcif;tm; ajymjy&m aygvkESpfoufvSonfh rdom;pkudpjzifh wifpm;azmfjyrIwpfckjzpfonf/
(i,f 15)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;\u,fwifjcif;rSm aemifw&jcif;ESifh ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh tpjyKqHk;jzwfrIjzifhpwifum?
c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;odkY qufuyfBuD;xGm;aejcif;jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf Sifjyefxajrmuf&maeYrwdkif
rcsif; u,fwifjcif;tjynfht0&SdMurnfr[kwfacs/ (i,f 30ESifh 1a,m 3;2)/
]]om;t&m csD;ajrmufjcif;^arG;pm;jcif;}}qdkonfh a0g[m&rSm tcsKdUaom*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm; rygSd
acs/ (MSSp46, D, F, GESifhtcsKdUaom aS;a[mif;vufwifbmomjyefusrf;rsm;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf if;a0g[m&
onf Aleph,A,B,CESifhtcsKdUaS;a[mif;vufwifbmomjyefusrf;rsm;Vulgate, Syriac, Coptic ESifh tmareD;,ef
bmomjyefusrf;rsm;rl ygSdygonf/ UBS4onf if;tm; ]]A}}(aocsm)tqifhowfrSwfonf/
]]igwdkY\udk,fcEm tm; aG;EIwfjcif;}}a0g[m&t"dyg,frSm]]jyef0,fonf}}[ljzpf\/ oabmudk
"ra[mif;usrf; wpHkwa,muftm; uReftjzpfrS rdrd\aqGrsKd;om;csif;wpfa,mufa,muf (go'el)rS vGwf
ajrmufapjcif;tm; a&;om;azmfjy&efoHk;onf/ a0g[m&rSm usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;tm; tjypf\aus;uRef
tjzpfrS bk&m;ocif\u,fvGwfjcif;tm; wifpm;azmfjy&ef toHk;jyKonf/ ay;qyf&aomwefbdk;rSm tjypfuif;
pifaom? vlom;jzpfvmol(vl0ifpm;)om;awmf\toufjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 3;24 Munfhyg/
c&pf,mefonf *sL;bmomrSmenf;wl (a,mb 14;14-15/ 19;25-26/ 'H 12;2),HkMunfolrsm;onf
xm0&umv kyfcEm(vlYb0rSmuJhodkY rvdktyfaomfvnf; 1aum 15;35-49)SdMurnf[k ,HkMunfonf/
,HkMunfolrsm;\ eH0dnmOfcEmrsm;tm; uyfumvtopfxJ toufjzpfaom? bk&m;ocifESifhuRrf;0ifonfh
rdwfo[m,jzpfaom b0twGufpHkvifjynfh0pGm jyifqifxm;vdrfhrnf/
8;24]]igwdkYonf ajrmfvifhjcif;tm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;&Mu\/}}if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE jzpfonf/ ti,f 23
onf igwdkY\tem*wfu,fwifjcif;udk &nfnTef;um? ti,f 24url 0dnmOfawmf\vkyfaqmifrIjzifh igwdkY
&SdcJhNyD;aomu,fwifjcif;udk &nfnTef;onf/ "ropfusrf;onf u,fwifjcif;udk a&;om;azmfjy&ef umvjy
Bud,mtawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m 10;4Munfhyg/)
1/ AORIST- twdwf tjywfjzpfcJh^vkyfcJhaomt&m^tvkyf/ wref 15;11(a&mr 8;24/ 2wd 1;9/
wdwk 3;5ESifh a&mr 13;11wGuf AORIST udk tem*wfOD;wnfcsufESifhwGJonf
252

2/

-twdwfjzpfcJh^vkyfcJhNyD; if;\tusKd;quf ,ckqufvufjzpf^Sdaomtjzpftysuf^t

vkyf/ {zuf 2;5? 8
3/ PRESENT -,ckjzpfaeqJ? vkyfaeqJ/ 1aum 1;18/ 15;2/ 2aum 2;15/ 1ay 3;21/ 4;18
4/ FUTURE-tem*wfjzpf^vkyfOD;rnft&m/ (umvjyBud,mrsm;odkYr[kwf pmtquftpyf\&nfnTef;
csufrsm;)/ a&mr 5;9? 10/ 10;9/ 1aum 3;15/ zd 1;28/ 1ouf 5;8-9/ a[NAJ 1;14/ 9;28
xdkYaMumifh u,fwifjcif;qdkonfrSm ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh qHk;jzwfcsufwpfckESifhtpjyKum? qufvufjzpfay:
aeaom,HkMunfjcif;jzifh toufSifrIyHkpHwpfckjzpfum? wpfaeYaomtcgusvQif rsufarSmuffawGYjrif&jcif;jzifh
tqHk;owfrnfhjzpfay:rIjzpfonf/ (1a,m 3;2)
PERFECT

8;25]]ajrmfvifhjcif;}}atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mMunfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/ajrmfvifhjcif;

aygvkonf a0g[m&ukd uGJjym;jcm;em;rI tawmfrsm;rsm;jzifh oHk;aomfvnf; t"dyg,frSm wpfckESifh

wpfckqufpyfonf/ if;onf ,HkMunfol\,HkMunfrItqHk;ESifh tawmfrsm;rsm;qufpyfonf/ (Oyrm 1wd
1;1)/ if;udkyif bkef;BuD;jcif;? xm0&touf? tqHk;pGefaomu,fwifjcif;? 'kwd,tBudrf<uvmjcif;...pojzifh
vnf; azmfjyEkdifonf/ tqHk;a&mufjcif;rSm aocsmaomfvnf; tcsdefumvrSm tem*wfjzpfNyD;? rodSd&acs/
if;a0g[m&onf ]],HkMunfjcif;}}]]cspfjcif;arwm}}pum;vHk;wdkYESifh vnf; qufpyfavhSdonf/ (1aum 13;13/
1ouf 1;3/ 2ouf 2;16)/ aygvkoHk;EIef;yHktcsKdUwdkYrSm1/ 'kwd,<uvmjcif;/ *v 5;5/ {zuf 1;18/ 4;4/ wdwk 2;13/
2/ a,Ionf igwdkY\ajrmfvifhjcif;jzpfonf/ 1wd 1;1
3/ ,HkMunfolonf bk&m;ocifxH qufocH&rnf 1aum 1;22-23/ 1ouf 2;19
4/ ajrmfvifhjcif;udk aumif;uifbHk odkxm;onf/ aum 1;5
5/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;udk ,HkMunfudk;pm;onf/ aum 1;23/ 1ouf 2;19/
6/ tqHk;pGefaom u,fwifjcif;? aum 1;5/ 1ouf 4;13/ 5;8
7/ bk&m;ocif\bkef;wefcdk;awmf/ a&mr 5;2/ 2aum 3;12/ aum 1;27
8/ c&pfawmftm;jzifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm; u,fwifjcif;? aum 1;27
9/ u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrI? 1ouf 5;8
10/ xm0&touf? wdwk 1;2/ 3;7
11/ c&pf,mef&ifhusufrI\&v'f? a&mr 5;2-5
12/ zefqif;aomt&mtm;vHk; aG;EIwfjcif;? a&mr 8;20-22
13/ om;t&m csD;ajrmufjcif;\tqHk;pGefa&mufjcif; a&mr 8;23-25
14/ bk&m;ocif\bGJYemrawmf? a&mr 15;13
15/ ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf aygvk\awmifhwrI 2aum 1;7
16/ "ropf,HkMunfolrsm;tm; vrf;nTefonfh"ra[mif; a&mr 15;4
]]pGJNrJvsuf}}a0g[m& hupomon udk 5;3 ESifh 14;4-5 wdkYvnf;oHk;onf/ ,HkMunfoltm;
u,fwifjcif;onf &ifhusufjcif;odkY qufvufoGm;aeum wpfaeYaomtcgusvQif tNyD;owfvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/
pGJNrJjcif;[l onf(Asm 2;8? 11? 17? 26/ 3;5? 12? 21/ 21;7)]]u,fwifjcif;\tOD;tp}}tm; txl;jyKazmfjyjcif;
253

o[m Zmwjzpfap&ef ormusrf;enf;us vdktyfcsufjzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmawmfvm ormw&m;trsm;pkwdkYudk

usKd;aMumif;azmfjyrIqdkif&m [dkbufonfbuf wif;rmrIudk,fpDygaomtwGJrsm;jzifh azmfjyavhSdonf/ (txl;
taMumif;t&m 3;27/ taSYwdkif;pmayMunfhyg/)

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/pGJNrJ&efvdktyfrI

c&pf,meftoufwmqdkif&m ormusrf;enf;usMo0g'rsm; Sif;vif;&efcufcJ&jcif;rSm if;wdkYudk twGJ

vdkufusKd;aMumif; azmfjyaomyHkaqmifcsufrsm;jzpfonfh taSYwdkif;pmay[efrsKd;jzifh wifjyxm;aomaMumifh jzpf
onf/ tqdkygtwGJwdkYrSm qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,mifxif&aomfvnf;? ESpfrsKd;pvHk; ormusrf;pmenf;us
omvQifjzpfonf/ taemufwdkif;c&pf,mefrsm;onf xdkormw&m;twGJwpfwGJ\ormw&m;wpfzufudkaG;cs,f
um? tjcm;wbufu ormw&m;wpfcktm; vpfvsLI(0g)IwfcsMuonf/ om"ujzifh Sif;vif;azmfjyyg &ap/
u/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfudk;pm;&ef tpjyKqHk;jzwfcsufwpfckavm(0g)
wynfhawmftjzpf wpfoufwmqufuyfjcif;avm?
c/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf tcsKyftcsmtmPmydkif bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh aG;aumufjcif;
avm(0g) bk&m;ocif\ay;prf;rItm; vlom;u ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh aemifwjzifh wHkYjyefjcif;avm?
*/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf wpfcgvufcHcJhNyDqdkvQif rIH;qHk;Edkifaomt&mavm(0g)ZGJSdSd qufvuf
oGm;&ef vdktyfoavm? pGJNrJjcif;jyemonf toif;awmfordkif;wavQmufvHk; qufvufjzpf
ay:onf/ xdkjyemrSm "ropfusrf;xJSd qefYusifae[efSdaom usrf;ydk'frsm;aMumifh pwifjzpf
ay:onf/
u/ pdwfcsrItaMumif;usrf;ydk'frsm;
(1) a,I\ajymMum;csufrsm; (a,m 6;37/ 10;28-29)
(2) aygvk\ajymMum;csufrsm; (a&mr 8;35-39/ {zuf 1;13/ 2;5? 8-9/ zd 1;6/ 2;13/
2ouf 3;3/ 2wd 1;12/ 4;18)
(3) aywk\ajymMum;csufrsm; (1ay 1;4-5)
c/
pGJNrJ&efvdktyfaMumif; usrf;ydk'frsm;/
(1) a,I\ajymMum;csufrsm; (rJ 10;22/ 13;1-9/ 24-30/ 24;13/ rmuk 13;13/ a,m
8;31/ 15;4-10/ Asm 2;7? 17? 20/ 3;5? 12? 21)/
(2) aygvk\ajymMum;csufrsm; (a&mr 11;22/ 1aum 15;2/ 2aum 13;5/ *vm 1;6/ 3;4/
5;4/ 6;9/ zd 2;12/ 3;18-20/ aum 1;23)/
(3) a[NAJMo0g'pma&;ol\ ajymMum;csufrsm;(2;1/ 3;6? 14/ 4;14/ 6;11)/
(4) a,m[ef\ajymMum;csufrsm; (1a,m 2;6/ 2a,m 9)
(5) crnf;awmf\ajymMum;csufrsm; (Asm 21;7)
ormusrf;pmvm u,fwifjcif;onf tcsKyftcsmtmPmydkif oHk;yg;wqlbk&m;\arwmawmf? *kPm
awmfESifhaus;Zl;awmfrS xGufvmjcif;jzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmf\tpjyKay;jcif;rSdygu rnfolrQ u,fwif
jcif;r&Ekdifacs/ (a,m[ef 6;44? 65)/ bk&m;ocifonf yxrOD;qHk; <ua&mufvmum? tpDtpOf
pwifonfrSefaomfvnf;? vlom;onf ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh aemifwjzifhwHkYjyefum? tpjyKjcif;ESifh quf
vufoGm;jcif; ESpfrsKd;aygif;pyfyg0ifonf/ bk&m;ocifonf y#dnOfw&m;tm;jzifh qufpyfrIjzifh vlom;
ESifhtwl tvkyfvkyfonf/ if; txl;tcGifhta&;ESifh wm0ef0w&m;rsm;[lSdonf!
254

u,fwifjcif;udk vlom;wdkif;tm; ay;prf;onf/ usqif;aomzefqif;jcif;\tjypf jyemudk a,I\

taocHjcif;u ajzSif;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vrf;aMumif;wpfckjyifqifay;um? rdrd\arwmawmfESifh
a,ItxJ rdrdjyifqifay;rItm;? rdrdo@mefawmftwdkif; zefqif;cJholvlom;wdkif;tm; wHkYjyefrIjyKapvdkonf/
taMumif;t&mudk uJvfAJift,l0g'r[kwfaom IapmifhrS ydkzwfIavhvmvdkygu atmufygpmtkyf
rsm;Munfhyg/
1/ Dale Moody, The Word of Truth, Eerdmans, 1981(pp. 348-365)
2/ Howard Marshall, Kept by the Power of God, Bethany Fellowship, 1969
3/ Robert Shank, Life in the Son, Wescott 1961
ormusrf;pmonf u@ uGJjym;jcm;em;aomjyemESpfrsKd;ajymonf/ (1) pdwfcs&rItm; toD;rJh
aom? ZmwdudkvdkufaomtoufSifrItwGuf cGifhjyKcsufvdkifpif yrmoabmxm;um? toufSifjcif;ESihf (2) trI
awmfjrwfESifh rdrdtjypfaMumifh kef;uef'kua&mufaeolrsm;udk tm;ay;tm;ajrmufjyKjcif;/ jyemrSm rSm;,Gif;
aomtkyfpkrsm;onf rSm;,Gif;aomtcsuftvufrsm;udk&,lum ormusrf;pmusrf; ydk'frsm;ukd tuefYtowfjzifh
zJh,lNyD;"roabmt,l0g'rsm; wnfaqmufMuonf/ tcsKdUc&pf,mefrsm; twGuf pdwfcs&rItcsuftvufrsm;
ta&;wBuD;vdktyfaepOf? tjcm;aomoltcsKdUtwGufrSmrl cyfwif;wif;owday;rIrsm; vdktyfaeMuonf!
oifonf rnfonfhtkyfpkjzpfoenf;?

NASB

(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 8;26-27

26

xdkenf;wlpGm 0dnmOfawmfonfvnf; igwdkY\tm;enf;rIrsm;ukdulnDonf/ taMumif;rSm

igwdkYonf igwdkYawmif;oifhonft wdkif; rnfodkY qkawmif;&rnfudk rodMuaomfvnf;? pum;vHk;jzifh
ajym&ef eufIdif;vGef;aomnnf;nLjcif;jzifh 0dnmOfawmfukd,fwdkifonf igwdkYtwGuf Mum;0ifqkawmif;
ay;onf/ 27pdwfESvHk;rsm;ukd SmazGppfaq;olonf 0dnmOfawmf\pdwfoabmudk odSdawmfrlonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf 0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfESifhtnD oefYSif;olrsm;twGuf
qkawmif;ay;onf/
8;26]]xdkenf;wlpGm}}pum;pkonf 0dnmOfawmf\Mum;0if qkawmif;ay;jcif;tvkyftm; ti,f 18-25xJ
azmfjyonfh ]]nnf;nLjcif;ESifh ajrmfvifhjcif;}}wdkYESifh qufpyfay;onf/
]]0dnmOfawmfonfvnf;...ulnDonf}}if;rSm PRESENT MIDDL (deponent) INDICATIVE jzpfonf/
Bud,m aygif;pyfpum;vHk;ESpfck syn (i,f 28)ESifh anti ESpfckyg0ifonf/ taumif;qHk;bmomjyefrIrSm
]]qkyfxm;onf}}[ljzpf\/ a0g[m&udk ae&mESifh vkum 10;40om awGYSd&onf/ oHk;yg;aomwpfql
bk&m;\yk*dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk;rSm ,HkMunfolrsm;twGufjzpfonf/ crnf;awmfonf om;awmftm; vlom;udk,fpm;
taocH&ef apvTwfum(a,m 3;16)olonf ,cktcgvnf; uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf Mum;0ifqkawmif;
ay;aeonf/ (i,f? 34/ a[NAJ 7;25/ 9;24/ 1a,m 2;1)/ 0dnmOfawmfonf usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;udk
c&pfawmfxHac:aqmifoGm;um? c&pfawmfudkolwdkYtxJ azmfaqmifonf/ (a,m 16;8-15)/ rnfodkYjzpfap
]]ulnD}}[laomBud,m\t"dyg,frSm ]]wpfpHkwpfa,muftm; qkyfudkifxm;onf}}[ljzpfNyD;? ,HkMunfolrsm;\
u@rSmvnf; 0dnmOfawmf\rprI (qkawmif;ay;jcif;)tm; wefbdk;xm;&efjzpfonf/

255

]]tm;enf;csuf}}aygvkonf emrfudk t"dyg,ftawmfrsm;rsm;jzifhoHk;onf/ (BAGD,p.115)

1/ udk,fcEmtm;enf;rI(0g)zsm;emrI/ 2aum 11;30/ 12;5?9? 10/ *v 4;13/ 1wd 5;23
2/ vlom;\tajctae 1aum 15;43/ 2aum 13;4/
3/ Oyrmtjzpf
(u) Sufudk;Sufuef;jzpfjcif;(owdaMumif)? 1aum 2;3
(c) w&m;pD&ifjcif;? a&mr 6;19
(*) bmoma&;tjrif csKdUwJhjcif; a&mr 8;26
Bud,mudkvnf; xdkenf;wloHk;onf
1/ udk,fcEmtm;enf;rI? zd 2;26-27/ 2wd 4;20
2/ vlom;\tajctae? a&mr 8;3/ 2aum 11;21/
3/ Oyrmtjzpf
(u) bmoma&;(0g)udk,fusifhw&m;tm;enf;rI- a&mr 14;2/ 2aum 8;11-12
(c) ,HkMunfjcif; tm;enf;jcif; - a&mr 4;19/ 14;1
(*) pdwftm;avsmhum aMumufGHUjcif;? 2aum 11;29
t"dyg,fudk usrf;pum;tquftpyfuomvQif qHk;jzwfEdkifaMumif; owd&yg/ tbd"gefwdkYonf
t"dyg,frsm;ESifh oHk;EIef;yHkrsm;udkom pm&if;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/
]]0dnmOfawmfukd,fwdkifonf pum;jzifhajym&ef eufIdif;vGef;aom nnf;nLrIjzifh igwdkYtwGuf
Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;onfh}},HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\IH;qHk;rIrsm;twGuf nnf;nLMuum? 0dnmOfawmf
onf if;wdkY twGuf qkawmif;ay;&m nnf;nLonf/ aG;EIwfcHolrsm;txJSd 0dnmOfawmfonf olwdkYtwGuf
qkawmif;ay;um? bk&m;ocif\vusfmawmfbufSd a,Ionfvnf; olwdkYtwGuf qkawmif;ay;onf/ (i,f
27? 34/a[NAJ 7;25/ 9;24/ 1a,m 2;1)/ Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;rIonf ,HkMunfoludk qkawmif;&ef
cGeftm;ay;onf/ (i,f 15/ *v 4;6)/ usrf;pum;tquftpyft& usrf;csufonf? tjcm;aombmom
pum;jzifhajymjcif; 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;udkajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? 0dnmOfawmfonf ,HkMunfolbufrSaeum? crnf;
awmfxH qkawmif;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/
]]pum;vHk;jzifhajym&ef eufIdif;vGef;}}
]]EIwfjzifh r>rwfqdkEkdifa om}}
]]pum;vHk;jzifh razmfjyEkdifaom}}
]]pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh rajymEkdifaom}}
pum;vHk;rSm ]]pum;ajymonf}} ]]bmompum;}} (1aum 13;1)pum;vHk;rsm;twGuf ALPHA
PRIVATIVE jzifh trsm;oHk;pum;vHk;jzpfonf/ pum;vHk;udk"ropfusrf; ae&mwGifomawGY&onf/
pum;vHk;udkyif tjcm;yHkpHwpfrsKd;jzifh rmuk\c&pf,mefusrf;wGif pum;t^em;rMum;olrsm;tm; ajym&moHk;
onf/ (7;37/ 9;17? 25)/

NASB, NRSV
NKJV
TEV
NJB

]]Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;onf/}}txl;taMumif;t&m/
yHk 1;30 Munfhyg/

256

Huper

aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm;tm; aygvkoHk;EIef;

8;27]]pdwfESvHk;udkSmazGppfaq;ol}}if;rSm "ra[mif;usrf;xJrS jyefay:vmaompum;jzpfonf/ (1"r 2;7/

16;7/ 3"r 8;39/ 1&m 28;9/ 2&m 6;30/ qmvH 7;9/ 44;21/ okwH 15;11/ 20;27/ 21;2/ a,& 11;20/
17;9-10/ 20;12/ vkum 16;15/ wref 1;24/ 15;8) bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk tppftrSeftwkdif;
odawmfrlaeum? uRefawmfwdkYudkcspfNrJcspfaeoljzpfonf/ (qmvH 139)/
]]olonf oefYSif;olrsm;twGuf Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;onf/}} 0dnmOfawmf\wm0efrsm;udk a,m 16;215 Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf/ if;wdkYteufwpfckrSm qkawmif;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/
]]oefYSif;olrsm;}}[laom a0g[m&udk trsm;jyudef;jzifh azmfjyavhSdonf/ zd 4;21rl ,HkMunfolrsm;
tm;vHk;udk&nfnTef;um tenf;jyudef;jzifhoHk;onf/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\rdom;pk0ifrsm;? c&pfawmf
\udk,fcEm? ,HkMunfolwpfOD;csif;jzifh yg0ifaqmufvkyfxm;aom Adrmefawmftopfjzpfonf/ if;rSm taemuf
wdkif;(tar&duef)wpfudk,fawmf^wpfOD;csif;0g'tm; o[mZwjzpfap&ef "rcsdefcGifjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;
t&m/ / oefYSif;olrsm; 1;7Munfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/0dnmOfawmfonf yk*dKvfjzpfaMumif;

"ra[mif;usrf;wGif ]]bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf}}(Oyrm? ruach)rSm YHWH \&nfG,fcsufudk taumif

txnfazmfaqmifaom pGrf;tm;jzpfaomfvnf; yk*dKvfjzpfaMumif; azmfjyrIt&dyfta&mifrSdacs/ ("ra[mif;
wpfqlbk&m;)rnfodkYjzpfap "ropfusrf;[k 0dnmOfawmfrSm yk*dKvftjynfhtpHkESifhyk*dKvfjzpfaMumif; rSwfwrf;
wifxm;onf/
1/ olYudk uJh&JUjypfrSm;Edkifonf/ (rJ 12;31/ rmuk 3;29)
2/ oGefoifonf (vkum 12;12/ a,m 14;26)
3/ oufaocHonf (a,m 15;26)
4/ tjypfudkjyonf? vrf;jyonf (a,m 16;7-15)
5/ ]]ol}}[kac:onf (hos) ({zuf 1;14)/
6/ pdwfemusnf;apEdkifonf ({zuf 4;30)
7/ Nidrf;apEkdifonf (1ouf 5;19)
oHk;yg;wpfqlqdkif&m usrf;ydk'frsm;onfvnf; yk*dKvfoHk;yg;taMumif;ajymonf/
1/ rJ 28;19
2/ 2aum 13;14
3/ 1ay 1;2
0dnmOfawmfukd vlom;enf;wlvkyfaqmifoltjzpf azmfjyonf/
1/ wref 15;28
2/ a&mr 8;26
3/ 1aum 12;11
4/ {zuf 4;30/
wrefawmf0wKwGif ppcsif;0dnmOfawmf\u@udk tav;teufjyKonf/ yifawukawonf 0dnmOf
awmf\tpr[kwfbJ? if;\u@opfwpf&yfjzpfonf/ a,I 0dnmOfawmftNrJSdonf/ ol\a&ESpfr*FvmcH,l
jcif;onf 0dnmOfawmftvkyf\tpr[kwfbJ? if;\u@opfwpfckjzpfonf/ vkumonf xda&mufonfh
trIawmfvkyfief;u@opfwpf&yftwGuf toif;awmfudk jyifqifay;onf/ a,Ionf t"dupl;pdkuf&mjzpfae
257

qJjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf xda&mufaomwefqmyvm(means-enf;vrf;)jzpfaeqJjzpfum? crnf;awmf\

arwmawmf? tjypfvGwfawmfrljcif;ESifh vlom;tm;vHk;wdkYtm; rdrd\o@mefawmftwdkif; jyefvnfjzpfapvmap
jcif;rSm ol\yef;wdkifawmfjzpfygownf;!

258

NASB

(aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 8;28-30

28

bk&m;ocifudk cspfaom olrsm;? rdrdMuH&G,fcsufESifhtnD ac:zdwfaom xdkolwdkY aumif;usKd;twGuf

t&mcyfodrf;wdkYudk bk&m;ocifvkyf apaMumif; igwdkY od&\/ 29 taMumif;rSm olonf rdrdMudKwifodESifhcJhaom
olrsm;udkyif rdrdom;awmf\ ykHo@mefawmf aqmifvmapjcif;iSg MudKwifcefYxm;awmfrl\/ taMumif;rSm
om;awmfonf nDtpfudk trsm;xJ om;OD;jzpfap&efwnf;/ 30MudKwifcefYxm;aom olrsm;udkyif ac:awmfrl\/
ac:awmfrlaom olwdkYudkf ajzmifhrwf&m wnfapawmfrl\/ ajzmifhrwf&m wnfapaom olrsm;udkvnf;
bkef;BuD;apawmfrl\/
8;28 ]]igwdkYodMu\}} Bud,m (oida) onf usrf;ydk'f av;Budrf yg0ifonf/
1/ zef;qif;aom t&mtm;vkH;nnf;nIaMumif; ,kHMunfolrsm; od&Sdtm;Muonf/ (i,f 22)
2/ rnfodkY qkawmif;&rnfudk ,kHMunfolrsm; rod&SdMu (i,f 26)
3/ vlom;rsm;\ ESvkH;ESifh 0dnmOfawmf\ pdwfudk crnf;awmf od&Sdonf/ (i,f 27)
4/ aumif;usKd;twGuf tm;vkH;twlvkyfaMumif; ,kHMunfolrsm; od&SdMuonf/ (i,f 28)

NASB, TCNT ]]bk&m;ocifonf

t&mtm;vkH;....aponf}}

NKJV, NRSV
NET
TEV, NIV

]]t&mtm;vkH;}}
]]t&mtm;vkH; bk&m;ocifvkyfaqmif}}

usrf;pum;qufpyfrIt& ar;cGef;rSm (Theos or Theon) ]]bk&m;}} pum;vkH; ti,f ygoavm[l jzpfonf/

]]bk&m;ocifudk cspfaomolrsm;}} qdkonfh pum;pk uJGjym;jcm;em;rI &Sdonf/
1/ tcsKdUvufa&; usrf;rsm; xdkBud,maemuf "ho Theos" jznfhpGufMuonf/ P46, A, B, 81 ESifh tcsKdUaom
Coptic ESihf Ethiopian h bmomjyefusrf;rsm;
2/ Aleph, C, D, F, G ESifh Vulgate, Peshitta, Armenian
bmomjyefusrf;ponfh trsm;pk
4
vufa&;usrf;rsm;onf if;udk csefxm;Muonf/ UBS onf if;udk "B" tqifh (aocsmoavmuf)
owfrSwfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ vkyfqmifrI txl;wvnf;jyK&ef NASB onf if;udk xnfhoGif;onf/
usrf;pum;tquftpyf oabmjzifh Munfhonfhtcg 0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfaqmifrIudk ajymvdkjcif;jzpf
Edkifonf/ (i,f 27/ NEB, REB)
]]aumif;usKd;twGuf vkyfaqmifonf}} if;rSm

tjcm;aygif;pyfpum;vkH;wpfck

jzpfonf/

jzpfonf/ if;rSm syn ygaom

if;\ qdkvdk&if; tppftrSefrSm

PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE

(i,f

26)/
259

xdkYaMumifh

]]aumif;usKd;twGuf t&mcyfodrf;wdkYonf tcsif;csif; yl;aygif;um qufvufvkyfaqmifaeMuonf}} [l jzpf\/

qdk;oGrf; 'kuqif;&JcHaeaom urmwGif if;rSm rSmcufcJaom oabmwpfck jzpfonf/
(taMumif;t&mtwGuf yHhydk;aompmtkyf ESpfrsKd;rSm Wenham a&;om;onfh The Goodness of God ESifh Hannah
Whithall Smith a&;onfh The Christian Secret of a Happy Life jzpfonf/) aumif;usKd;qdkonfh t&mudk ti,f
29 t"dyg,f owfrSwfcsufay;um ]]rdrdom;awmf\ ykHo@mefudk aqmifvmap&ef}} [l jzpfonf/
c&pfawmfESifh wljcif;rSm ukHvkH<u,f0jcif;r[kw?f usef;rma&;r[kwf? emrnfxifay: ausmfMum;rIr[kwfbJ?
,kHMunfolwdkif;twGuf rajymif;rvTJEdkifaom bk&m;ocif\ pDpOfrIjzpfonf/
]]bk&m;ocifudk cspfaom olrsm;? rdrdBuH&G,fcsufESifhtnD ac:zdwfaom xdkolwdk}Y } if;wdkYrSm

PRESENT ACTIVE

ESpfckjzpfonf/ wnfjrJaom tajctaeESpf&yfwdkYonf ,kHMunfolwdkYtm; ajymif;vJaom

tajctaersm; rnfodkY jzpfapb0toufwmtm; tjyKoabmbufrS qufvufIjriffaponf/ (i,f 15)/ xdkYjyif
y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m rsufESmpm ESpfrsKd; jzpfonf/ vl\ vGwfvyfrI (]]cspf}}) ESifh bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftjcmtmPm
(]]ac:xm;aom}}) wdkYudkvnf; aemufxyf *kjyKyg/
bk&m;ocif\ xm0& pDrHcsufESifh qdkifaom ]]&nf&G,fcsuf}} a0g[m&tm; a&mr 9;11 {zuf 1;11/ 3;11
ESifh 2wd 1;9 wdkY awGU&onf/ bk&m;ocif usqif;aom vlom;tm; a&G;EIwf&ef xm0& BuH&G,fcsuf&Sdonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / uREkfyf Bob \ {0Ha*vdqdkif&mtjrif 1;5 Munfhyg/
PARTICIPLE

8;29-30 ti,frsm; &Sdaom Bud,mrsm;rSm vkyfaqmifcJhjyD;aom jzpf&yfrSefjyonfh Bud,mrsm; (AORIST ACTIVE

INDICATIVE) jzpfonf/ if;wdkYonf tcsdefumv [l r&SdrDESifh? tcsdefumvr&Sdawmhaom tcsdef wdkY\ qufpyfrI
wpfckjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk od&Sdaeonf/ udk,fawmfonf uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf jzpfaeqJESifh?
uRefawmfwdkYtm; olESifhtwl &SdapvdkqJ jzpfonf/ odkY qdk&m vlom;tm; wpkwaygif;wnf;oabmjzifh
ajymjcif;jzpfjyD;? wpfOD;csif;tm; qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfaMumif; usrf;pum; tquftpyfoabm t& enf;vnf&onf/
aemufqkH;bkef;BuD;apjcif;rSm? tem*wfyif &Sdaeao;aomfvnf;? usrf;ydk'frl jzpfysufcJhjyD;aom t&m
wpfcktjzpf azmfjyygonf/
8;29/ ]]BudKwifod&SdESihf}} aygvkonf a0g[m&udk ESpfcgokH;&m ae&mESifh 11;2 wdkY jzpfonf/ 11;2 onf
tcsdefumv [l r&SdrDuyif bk&m;ocifonf tpa&;wdkYtm; y#dnmOfw&m;qdkif&mjzifh cspfaMumif;
&nfnTef;onf/ a[jAJ pum; ]]odonf}} qdkaom a0g[m&rSm vlwpfa,muftaMumif;tjzpf tysufrsm;udk
ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? vlwpfOD;csif; qufqH&m &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifrIudk qdkvdkaMumif; owd&yg/ (urm 4;1/ a,&
1;5)/ ae&mrl tjzpftysufrsm;\ uGif;qufwpfck yg0ifonf/ (i,f 29-30) a0g[m&onf
BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;ESifh qufpyfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap bk&m;ocif\ BudKwifod&SdrIonf a&G;aumufjcif;\
tajccHtaMumif;w&m r[kwfacs/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf xdkodkY qdkygu a&G;aumufjcif;onf usqif;aom
vlom;\ tem*wf umv jyKrnfwkHYjyefrIay: tajcjyKjcif;jzpfoGm;um? if;udprSm vlom;\
vkyfudkifaqmif&GufrIjzpfoGm;ayrnf/ a0g[m&udk wref 26;5/ 1ay 1;2?20 ESifh 2ay 3;17 wdkYvnf;
awGU&ygonf/

260

]]BudKwifcefYxm;}}

]]BudKwifyg&Sdonf}} (proginsk) odkYr[kwf ]]BudKwifcefYxm;onf}}

(prooriz)
a0g[m&ESpfrsKd;pvkH;rSm 0dbwf ]]rD}} - before (pro) ESifh aygif;pyfjcif;jzpfjyD; ]]rDuod&Sdonf}}
]]rDuabmifcsxm;onf}} odkYr[kwf ]]rDtrSwftom;jyKonf}} [l bmomjyef&ef jzpfonf/
BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;taMumif;wdusaocsmaom "ropfusrf;ydk'frsm;rSm a&mr 8;28-30/ {zuf 1;3-14
ESifh a&mr 9 wdkYjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tcsKyftcsm jzpfaMumif;usrf;ydk'frsm; xif&Sm;pGm
tav;teufjyKxm;onf/ olonf vlUordkif; tygt0ift&m cyfodrf;t<uif;rJh xdef;csKyfonf/ if;
tcsdefwefonfhtcg taumiftxnfazmfonfh bk&m;&Sifwiful;csrSwfxm;onf a&GUEIwfjcif; pDrHcsuf wpfck&Sdonf/
rnfodkYjzpfap pDrHcsufrSm igwaumaumjzpfh (0g) vufa&G;0ifjyKjcif;r[kwfacs/ if;onf bk&m;ocif\
tcsKyftcsmESifh BudKwifod&Sdxm;rIudk omvQif tajcjyKjcif;r[kwfbJ? cspfjcif;arwm? *kPmawmfESifh
xdkufwefjcif;r&Sdaom? aus;Zl;awmfwdkYudkyg tajcjyKonf/
uREkfyfwdkY\ taemufwdkif; (tar&duef) wpfOD;wpfa,mufcsif; 0g'odkYr[kwf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;
jyefYESHUapvdkaom rdrdwdkY\ pdwftm;xufoefrItm;jzifh thHMobG,f&m ormw&m;tm; ta&mifcs,fjcif; udk
owdxm;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ xdkYjyifif;ormw&m;tm;ordkif;qdkif&m? "roabmw&m;qdkif&m tjiif;yGg;rIrsm;
jzpfonfh Mo*wfpwif;ESifh yJv*D;&m;pf (0g) uJvfAif 0g'ESifh tmrD;eD;pf 0g'rsm;xJodkY OD;vSnfhoGm;apjcif; rjyK&ef
owdxm;Mu&ayrnf/
BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ arwmawmf? aus;Zl;awmfESifh *kPmawmfwdkYtm; uefYowf&ef
(0g) {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf vltcsKdUtm; z,fxkwfvdkufjcif;r[kwfacs/ if;rSm ,kHMunfolwdkYtm; olwdkY\
avmutjrifudk ykHoGif;jcif;jzifh cGeftm;&Sdap&efjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vkH;twGuf jzpfonf/
(a,m 3;16/ 1wd 2;4/ 2ay 3;9)/ bk&m;ocifonf t&mcyfodrf;xdef;csKyf aeonf/ rnfolrnf0g?
rnfonfht&monf igwdkYtm; txHawmfrS cJGxkwfEdkifrnfenf; (a&mr 8;31-39) BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;onf
vlwpfa,muftm; b0tjrifESpfrsKd;teuf wpfrsKd;jzpfay:aponf/ bk&m;ocifonf ordkif;wpfckvkH; ypKyeftjzpf
Ijrifonf/ vlom;wdkYudk tcsdefqdkonfht&monf csKyfaESmifxm;\/ uRefawmfwdkY\ oabmxm;tjrifrsm;ESifh
pGrf;aqmif&nfwdkYrSm tuefYtowfESifh jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsmESifh vlom;\ vGwfvyfaom
pdwfqEwdkY qefYusifbufoabmr&Sdacs/ if;rSm y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m zJGUpnf;ykHjzpfonf/ if;rSm
wif;rmaomaMumif;usKd;aMumif;qifjcifrI
ykHpHjzifhay;xm;onfh
ormusrf;pmawmfvm
ormw&m;\
tjcm;Oyrmwpfckjzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ta&SUwdkif; pmay 3;27 Munfhyg/) ormusrf;pmvmMo0g'
rsm;udk uJGjym;jcm;em;aomtjrifrsm;jzifh wifjyxm;avh&Sdonf/ if;wdkYudk qefYusifbufjzpfae[ef ykHpHrsKd;jzifh
awGU&avh&Sdonf/ ormw&m;[lonf qefYusifbufjzpfae[eftwJG wpfwJG\ tMum; jzpfonf/ xdkormw&m;
rsm;teuf wpfckudk aumuf,lum? xdkwif;rmrItm; rz,f&Sm;&acs/ ormusrf;pmvm ormw&m;wpf&yftm;
wdusonfhtaMumif;t&m qufpyfrIr&SdbJ? "roabmw&m;enf;pHepfwpf&yfxJ oD;jcm;oGwfoGif;jcif; rjyK&acs/
xdkYjyif a&G;aumufjcif;\ yef;wdkifrSm aoqkH;jyD; aumif;uifbkHa&muf&ef rQomr[kwfbJ? ,ckvuf&Sd
c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;jzpfaMumif; ({zuf 1;4/ 2;10) udkvnf; jznfhpGuf&ef ta&;MuD;onf! uRefawmfwdkYudk
]]oefY&Sif; tjypfwifjcif; uif;&ef}} a&G;aumufxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk
ajymif;vJoGm;ap&efESifh? xdkajymif;vJrIudk tjcm;olrsm;jrifum? c&pfawmftm;jzifh olYudk ,kHMunfrIESifh wkHUjyefrI
jyKvmMuap&ef &nf&G,fonf/ BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;onf txl;tcGifhta&;wpf&yfr[kwfbJ? y#dnOfjyKjcif; qdkif&m
wm0ef0w&m;wpf&yf jzpfygownf; !
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261

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264

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2aum 5;21)/ a,I\ jyef&SifxajrmufrIonf om;awmf jyKcJhonfh trIawmftm; crnf;awmf
vufcHawmfrIaMumif;
jyoum?
nSOf;yef;ESdyfpufcHjcif;ESifh
aoqkH;&m
ajrmfvifhjcif;
ay;onf/
(tdrfaysmfaeolrsm;eufrS tOD;oD;)/ crnf;awmf\ vusfmawmfbuf a,Itm; csD;ajrmufjcif;ESifh
,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf Mum;0ifawmif;yefay;jcif;onf ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh aumif;aom wdkufcdkufjcif; jyK&ef
owday;onf/
]]bk&m;ocif\ vusfmawmfbuf}} if;rSm vlom;uJhodkY wifpm;azmfjyrI wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;

t&m/ / 1;18 Munfhyg) bk&m;ocif lyudk,fcEmr&Sdacs/ olonf ]]eH0dnmOf}} jzpf\/ wifpm;rIonf

wefcdk;&Sdaom ae&mt&yf? tcGifhtmPmESifh tBuD;jrwfqkH;ae&mtm; ajymjyjcif; jzpfonf/ aygvkonf
azmfjyrIudk rMucP rokH;acs/ ({zuf 1;30/ aum 3;1)/ aygvkonf ueOD; c&pf,mef,kHMunfrI wpfcktm;
ti,f 34 azmfjyjcif; jzpfEdkifygonf/ (zdvdyd 2;6/ 1wd 3;16)/
]]Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;onf}} a,I\ trIawmfrSm qufvufaeqJ jzpfonf/ a,Ionf 0dnmOfawmf

enf;wl (i,f 26-27) uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf qkawmif;ay;aeonf/ (a[jAJ 4;4-16/ 7;25/ 9;24/ 1a,m 12;1)/
if;rSm OyZsm,fq&m paraclete qkdonfh a0g[m&jzpfjyD; a,m[ef 14;16 wGif 0dnmOfawmf okH;um? 1a,m
2;1 om;awmftjzpfokH;onf/ if;onf 'kuqif;&JcHol tapcH\ aw;oDcsif;tm; &nfnTef;rI
tjcm;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (a[m&Sm, 53;12)/

8;35 ]]c&pfawmf\ cspfjcif;arwm}} if;rSm pdwfoEmef &Sdaom t&m (SUBJECTIVE odkYr[kwf jrif&aomt&m
(OBJECTIVE) wpfckckjzpfonf/ if;rSm (1) c&pfawmfonf ,kHMunfolrsm;udk cspfaom arwm odkYr[kwf (2)
,kHMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfudk cspfaom arwmwpfckckjzpfEdkifonf/ usrf;ydk'f eHygwf 1ESifh ydk
udkufnDygonf/ (2 aum 5;14)/ taMumif;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm; c&pfawmf ay:xm;&Sdaom arwmrSm
oGm;vdkufjyefvdkufjzpfaomfvnf; uRefawmfwdkY ay:c&pfawmf\ arwmrSm aocsm wnfMunfonf/
pum;pk *&dvufa&;usrf;uJG wpfck&Sdonf/
1/ wpfckaom *&da&S;acwf ]]bk&m;ocif\ arwmawmf}} [l yg&Sdonf/ (MS Aleph)
2/ wpfckaom a&S;acwfvufa&;usrf; ESpfrsKd; aygif;pyfum ]]c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocif\ arwmawmf}}
[k yg&Sdonf/ (MS \ B)
3/ UBS4 usrf;jyKolrsm;onf ]]c&pfawmf\ arwm}} udk ,lum "A" tqifh (aocsm) owfrSwfMuonf/
if;onf MSS \ C, D, F, D ESifh trsm;pk acwfa[mif; Latin, Vulgate ESifh Peshitta wdkY yg&Sdonf/

266

]]'kuqif;&J? aomua0'em? nOf;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;}} c&pf,mefrsm;onf avmu jyem tcuftcJrsm;

awGU&vdrfhrnf jzpfaomfvnf; xdkjyemcufcJrIrsm; (0g) qdk;oGrf;rI wefcdk;yg0grsm;onf olwdkYudk bk&m;ocifESifh

uJGuGmoGm;apEdkifrnfr[kwfacs/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 'kuqif;&Jrsm; 5;3 Munfhyg/

8;36 if;rSm qmvH 44;22rS azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ qmvHusrf; bk&m;ocifudk 'Pf&m temw&cHpm;&aom

rdrdvlrsKd;tm; u,fvTwfrnfh ol[k ac:onf/
8;37
NASB
NRJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

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]]odkYaomf t&mrsm;tm;vkH;ay: igwdkYonf ydk atmifEdkifolrsm; jzpfMu\/}}
]]xkdodkYr[kwf/ t&mrsm;tm;vkH;ay: igwdkYonf ydk atmifEdkifolrsm; jzpfMu\/}}
]]xdkodkYr[kwf/ t&mrsm;tm;vkH;ay: igwdkYonf udk,fawmftm;jzifh t<uif;rJhatmifEdkifrI &&SdMu\/}}
]]if;wdkYrSm igwdkY atmifEdkifrI&&m ppfaMumrIrsm; jzpf\}}

if;rSm ]]atmifEdkifonf }} qdkaom a0g[m&tm; txl;wvnfjyKjcif;ykHpHwpfck jzpfonf/ a0g[m&

(huper + nikao) udk aygvkwGif cJhjcif;jzpfayrnf/ if;rSm thHMobG,f&m a&maESmwifpm;rI jzpfjyD; ]]atmifEdkifaom
odk;}} [l jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfrS tqifh atmifEdkifolrsm; jzpfMuonf/ (a,m 16;33/ 1a,m
2;13-14/ 4;4/ 5;4)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Huper aygif;pyfpum;vkH;rsm; aygvktokH;jyKykH 1;30 Munfhyg/
]]igwdkYudkcspfawmfrlolrSwqifh}} \ emrfpm;onf crnf;awmfbk&m; odkYr[kwfom;awmfudk &nfnTef;jcif;

jzpfEdkifonf/

8;38 ]]igoabmayguf\}} if;rSm PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE

jzpfjyD;
oabmaygufapjcif;cHcJhjyD; jzpf&m qufvuf oabmaygufapjcif; cH&ayOD;rnf}} [k qdkvdkonf/

]]igonf

]]aumif;uifwrefrsm;}} *sL;&Adq&mBuD;rsm;\ ,lqrI aumif;uifwrefrsm;onf bk&m;ociftwGuf

pdwftm;BuD;um? vlom;rsm;udk *kpdkufMuojzifh olwdkt

Y ay:&ef vdkMuonf[k qdkonf/ aemhpwpfac: vTJrSm;aom
q&morm;rsm;\ tvdkt& u,fwifjcif; [lonf &efvdkaom aumif;uifwrefrsm; avmu (0g) eons rsm;\
vQKdU0Sufpum;rsm;tm;jzifhom &Edkifaomt&mjzpfonf[k qdkMuonf/ (aumavmoJESifh {zuf Mo0g'pmrsm;)
aumif;uifwrefrsm; qdkonfhpum;vkH;twGuf aygvkokH;onfh a0g[m&rsm; taMumif;tusOf;csKyfrI wpfck
George Eldon Ladd \A Theology of the New Testament awGU&onf/
aygvkonf aumif;aom aumif;uifwref qdk;aomaumif;uifwref? pmwefESifh ewfqdk;rsm;udk
nTef;qdkkHomru emrf0dnmOfjzpfaom aumif;uifwrefrsm;\ &mxl;tqifhtwef;rsm;udk yg&nfnTef;onfh tjcm;
pum;vkH; tkyfpkwpfckudkyg okH;avh&Sdonf/ tac:ta0grSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf/
267

tkyfcsKyfonf (arche) 1aum 15;24/ {zuf 1;21/ aum 2;10

tkyfcsKyfolrsm; archai; RSV ]]txG#ftjrwfrsm;}} principalities {zuf 30;10/ 6;12/ aum 1;16/ 2;15/
a&mr 8;38
tmPmpuf (exousia) 1aum 15;24/ {zuf 1;21/ aum 2;10
tmPmydkifrsm; (exousiai; RSV, authorities) {zuf 3;10/ 6;12/ aum 1;16/ 2;15/
wefcdk; (dynamis) 1aum 15;24/ {zuf 1;21/
wefcdk;&Sdolrsm; (dynameis) a&mr 8;38
&mZyvifrsm; (thronoi) aum 1;16
tpdk;&jcif; (kyriotes RSV, dominion tkyfpdk;jcif;) {zuf 1;21
tmPmpufrsm; (kyriotetes) aum 1;16
arSmifrdkufavmuudk tpdk;w&jyKolrsm;? {zuf 6;12 aumif;uift&yfrsm; &Sdaom 0dnmOfqdk;rsm;? {zuf
6;12 arSmifrkduf\ wefcdk;tmPm? aum 1;13
rSnfhcJhorQ emrnf tm;vkH;? {zuf 1;21
aumif;uif? ajrBuD;ESifh atmuft&yf&Sdow0grsm;? zd 2;10 (p. 401 )
"ra[mif;usrf;xJu usqif;aom aumif;uifwrefrsm;ESifh "ropfusrf;uewfqdk;? 0dnmOfqdk;rsm;\
qufpyfrItm; ormusrf;pmvm wdkuf&dkufazmfjyrI r&Sdacs/ if;wdkYrSm twlwlyif jzpfonf[k trsm;tm;jzifh
rSwf,lxm;Muonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ aemifwGif jzpfysufrnfh taMumif;t&mrsm;qdkif&m pmaywdkY ewfqdk;wdkYrSm
aumif;uifwrefwydkif;? vlwydkif; jzpfaom urmOD; 6 azmfjyonfh ezdvdrf Nephilim ac: vlYbDbl;BuD;rsm;\
0dnmOfrsm;jzpfonf[k qdkonf/ a&vTrf;rdk;rIuyfab;BuD;onf olwdkY\ udk,fcEmrsm;udk zsufqD;cJhojzifh
olwdkYonf udk,fcEmESifh aep&mt&yf &SmazGMuonf[k qdkonf ! if;rSm pdwful;jzifh rSef;qrIrQom jzpfonf/
rlvtprsm;qdkif&m uRefawmfwdkY\ ar;cGef;tm;vkH; ormusrf;pm tajzray;acs/ if;\ MuH&G,fcsufrSm
vlom;tm; a&G;EIwfjcif;taMumif;jzpfjyD;? olwdkY\ od&SdpyfpkvdkrIrsm;twGuf r[kwfacs !
]]txG#ftjrwfrsm;.... tmPmwefcdk;rsm;}} if;u &nfnTef;onfrSm (1) aumif;uifwrefrsm; (0g)

uyfumv ewfqdk;? 0dnmOfqdk;rsm; ({zuf 2;2/ 6;12/ 1aum 15;24/ aum 1;16) odkY r[kwf (2)
usqif;aom vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm; bk&m;ocif tay:rSDcdkudk;pm;rI uif;vGwfoGm;aponfh? usqif;aom
avmu\ udk,fcEmrJht&mrsm; jzpfaom (bmoma&;? tpdk;&rsm;? ynma&;? aq;0g;? azsmfajza&;vkyfief;rsm;...
pojzifh) jzpfEdkifygonf/ (Hendrickus Berkhoff, a&;om;onfh (Principalities and Powers) 13;1\ rSwfcsuf
Munfhyg/

268

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ARCHE
e,fy,f? ykdifeuf (domain) rSm *&da0g[m& arche jzpfjyD; t"dyg,frSm wpfpkHwpfck\ ]]tp}} odkYr[kwf
]]rlv}} jzpfonf/
1/ zefqif;jcif;\ tp (a,m 1;11/ 1a,m 1;1/ a[jAJ 1;10)
2/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ tp (rmuk 1;1/ zd 4;15/ 2ouf 2;13/ a[jAJ 2;3)
3/ yxrrsufjrif oufaorsm; (vkum 1;2)
4/ edrdwfvuPmrsm;\ tp (xl;qef;aom edrdwfvuPmrsm;? a,m 2;11)
5/ rlvtajccH w&m;rsm; w&m;Ek (a[jAJ 5;12)
6/ owif;aumif;ormw&m;ay: tajcjyKonfh pdwfcs&rI\ tp (a[jAJ 3;14)
7/ tptOD;? aum 1;18/ Asm 3;14
if;udk ]]tkyfcsKyfonf}} (0g) ]]tcGifhtmPm^tmPmpuf}} tjzpf tokH;jyKvmcJhonf/
1/ tkyfcsKyfaom vlom;t&m&Sdrsm;/
(u) vkum 12;11
(c) vkum 20;20
(*) a&mr 13;3/ wdwk 3;1
2/ tmPmydkif aumif;uifwrefrsm;
(u) a&mr 8;38
(c) 1aum 15;24
(*) {zuf 1;21/ 3;10/ 6;12
(C) aum 1;16/ 2;10? 15
(i) ,k' 6
rSm;,Gif;ol q&morm;wdkYonf avmuD? avmukw&m tmPmydkifrsm;tm;vkH; txifao;Muonf/ olwdkYrSm
bmomt,l0g'udk qefYusifonfh pm&dwrJh0g'rsm; jzpfonf/ olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifxuf? aumif;uifwrefrsm;?
vlrItmPmydkifrsm;ESifh toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrsm;xuf olwdkYudk,folwdkY yxrt&m xm;Muonf/
8;39 ]]tjrifhjzpfap? eufIdif;aomt&mjzpfap}} a0g[m&wdkYtm; vlom;wdkY\ b0wdkYudk xdef;csKyfol
bk&m;rsm;tjzpf ,kHMunfcJhMuonfh Mu,frsm;\ ta0;qkH;wnfae&mESifh teD;qkH;wnfae&mwdkYudk azmfjy&ef
tokH;jyKcJhMuonf/ aemufydkif;wGif aemhpwpfac: rdpm0g'D rsm; okH;aom eons ac: ynm&yfqdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;
269

jzpfvmMuum? oefY&Sif;aom bk&m; (god) ESif hqdk;oGrf;aom t&mrsm; zefwD;olydkrdk wefcdk;enf;yg;aom bk&m;
(god) tMum; aumif;uifwreftqifhtwef;qdkif&m a0g[m&jzpfvmonf/
]]zefqif;onfhtjcm;t&m wpkHwck}} if;\ t"dyg,ftppftrSefrSm tjcm;ow0gtrsKd;tpm; (heteros)

jzpfonf/ if;onf tjcm;wefcdk;BuD;aom aumif;uifwrefrsm;udk &nfnTef;aMumif;pm tquftpyf oabmu

jyaeygonf/ *&d0dbwf heteros onf uJGjym;jcm;em;aom tjcm; trsKd;tpm; wpfckudk azmfjyum? allos onf
wlnDaom tjcm;rsKd;tpm; wpfckudk jyonf/ if;pum;wdkYrSm Koine Greek (trsm;okH; *&dpum;) r&Sdaomfvnf;
usrf;ydk'f wpfrsKd;wzkHjzifh azmfjyyg&Sdaeonf/
]].... jzpfap .... bk&m;ocif\ arwmawmfESifh igwdkYudk ruGmapEdkif ....}} BuD;rm;vSaom pdwfcsrI ygwum;!

tcef;BuD;onf rnfonfh jypf'PfpD&ifrIrS r&SdaMumif;ESifh tpjyKum? ruGmapEdkif[laom pum;ESifh

tqkH;owfxm;onf/ ,kHMunfol\ u,fwifjcif;udk rnfolurS rvk,lEdkifacs/ odkYaomf tpjyK wkHUjyefrIESifh
(3;21-31) qufvufwkHYjyefrI (tcef;BuD; 4-8) &S&d ayrnf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf aomhcsufjzpfaomfvnf;
trdefYawmftm;jzifh jyKonfh y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m wkHUjyefrI [l &Sdygonf/ emcHjcif;ESifh pJGjrJjcif;rsm; vdktyfonf
enf;wl aemifwESifh ,kHMunfjcif;wdkYvnf; vdt
k yfonf/ (rmuk 1;15/ wref 3;16? 19/ 20;21) !
aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm;
pmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkY teufzGifh&rnfudk vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif; jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmtm;
rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;aom
tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif? ormusrf;pmESifh
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkYrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf;
a&;ollrsm;tay:om yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom
ar;cGef;rsm;rSm
usrf;pm\
tydkif;wGif
yg0ifaom
t"du
taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;zdkY jzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHk r[kwfbJ qifjcifpOf;pm;rItm;
Edk;qGay;&efom jzpfonf/
1/ tcef;BuD; 8 ESifh tcef;BuD; 7 rnfodkY qufpyfoenf;
2/ jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;r&Sdygu? ,kHMunfol\ toufwm tjypfonf rnfodkY tusKd;oufa&mufoenf;
3/ ,kHMunfolrsm;xJ usdef;0yfonfrSm 0dnmOfawmf (0g) a,Irnfolenf; (i,f 9)
4/ vl\ tjypfonf obm0avmuudk rnfodkY xdcdkufcJhoenf; (i,f 19-22)/ obm0 avmuonf
aumif;uifbkH\ tpdwftydkif;jzpfvmOD;rnfavm (a[&Sm, 11;6-10)
5/ 0dnmOfawmfonf uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf rnfuJhodkY qkawmif;ay;oenf; (i,f 26-27)/ if;onf ]]tjcm;aom
bmomjzifh ajymjcif;}} udk nTef;qdkygovm;
6/ uJhodkY qdk;oGrf;aom avmuwGif t&mcyfodrf;onf aumif;usKd;twGuf vkyfonf[k ormusrf;pm
tb,faMumifh ajymEdkif oenf; (i,f 28)/ ]]aumif;}} [laom pum;vkH; (i,f 29) udk t"dyg,f
owfrSwfyg/
270

7/ ti,f 30&Sd "roabmw&m; uGif;qufxJ tb,faMumifh oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif; rygoenf;

8/ ti,f 31-39 udk tb,faMumifh w&m;cGifjrifuGif;jzpfonf[k ajym&oenf;
9/ a,ItaMumif; tcef;i,f 34 azmfjyonf tcsufav;csufudk azmfjyyg/

271

a&mr 9
acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcJGrsm;
UBS4

NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

bk&m;\a&G;
aumufjcif;
9;1-5

c&pfawmfudktpa&;
wdkYjiif;y,fjcif;
9;1-5
tpa&;\jiif;qef
rIESifhbk&m;\
&nf&G,fcsuf
9;6-13

tpa&;\r,kHMunf
jcif;jyem
9;1-5
tpa&;ay:uwd
awmfrysufuGuf

bk&m;ESifh vlrsKd;
awmf
9;1-5

tpa&;\tcGifhxl;rsm;

9;6-13

9;6-9
9;10-13

tpa&;\jiif;qef
rIESifh bk&m;\
w&m;rQwrI
9;14-29

bk&m;\a&G;
cs,fydkifcGifh

9;6-13

9;14-18
trsufawmfESifh
*kPmawmf
9;19-29

tpa&;ESifh
tpa&;\
{0Ha*vdw&m; vuf&Sdtjcae
9;30-10-10;4

9;14-18

9;14-18
trsufawmfESifh
*kPmawmf
9;19-21
9;22-29

9;19-26

9;27-29
ppfrSefaomajzmifh
rwfrI,kHMunfrIjzifh&
9;30-104
272

tpa&;ESifh
{0Ha*vdw&m;
9;30-10;4

9;1-5
bk&m;onfuwd
awmfapmihfxdef;
9;6-13
bk&m;onfr
ajzmifhrwfol
r[kwf
9;14-18

9;19-21
9;22-24
t&mcyfodrf;"r
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ajymcJhjyD/
9;25-29

9;30-33

ywfvnfzwfIjcif; taMumhokH; (pm

xi Munfhyg)

rl&if;pma&;ol\ pmydk'fvdkuf&nf&G,fcsuftm; em;vnfjcif;

pmtkyfrSm teufzGifhvrf;nTef;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmudk rdrd[m
rdrdteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&onfh tvif;xJ
avQmufvSrf;oGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,f? ormusrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;udk teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;ay: om
ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/
tcef;MuD;wpfcef;tm;
wpfwdkifwnf;jzifhzwfyg/
t"duOD;wnfcsufrsm;udk
owfrSwfazmfjyyg/
taMumif;t&mtvdkuf oif\ pmydk'fcJGrIudk txufygbmomjyefusrf; ig;rsKd;ESifh Edkif;,SOfyg/ pmykd'fcJGrsm;onf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;? teufjyefjcif;\ toJESvkH;jzpfaom rl&if;pma&;ol\ MuH&G,fcsuf
em;vnfEdkif&efaomhcsufjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwdkif;taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd,pmydk'f
4/ ... pojzifh

tcef;BuD; 9-11 ESifh tcef;BuD; 1-8 wdkY qufpyfykH

u/ pmpkESifh tcef;BuD; 1-8 wdkY\ qufpyfrIudk em;vnfoabmaygufykH ESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/
1/ pmpk\ taMumif;t&mrSm vkH;0oD;jcm;jzpfjyD;? "roabmw&m;qdkif&m Mum;nyf xnfhoGif;rI
wpfckjzpfonf/
(u) 8;9 ESifh 9;1 wdkYonf tBuD;tus,fqefYusifbufjzpfum? if;wdkY qufpyfrIr&Sd/
(c) if;rSm a&mrjrdKUtoif;awmftwGif; ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;ESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tMum; ordkif;0if
wif;rmrIESifh wdkuf&dkufqufpyfonf/ if;rSm toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrI wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;\
u@ydk BuD;xGm;vmjcif;ESifh qufpyfjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
(*) tpa&; (ESifh ynwfw&m;awmf) ESifh qdkifaom aygvk\ a[majymrIESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;
twGuf ol\ wrefawmft&mwdkYaMumifh (tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfay;prf;awmfrljcif;) olYtay:
em;vnfrI vTJrSm;jcif;&Sdojzifh olonf taMumif;t&mudk tydkif; aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfonf/
2/ if;rSm {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;udk aygvkwifjy&m txG#ftxdyfESifh wuaA'enf;us ed*Hk;csKyf
jzpfonf/
(u) aygvkonf tcef;BuD; 8udk ]]bk&m;ocif\ arwmawmfESifh ruGmapEdkif}} [laom uwdpum;ESifh
ed*kH;csKyfonf/ y#dnOfcH vlrsKd;awmftwGif; r,kHMunfolrsm; rnfodkY jzpfrnfenf;
(c) tpa&;\ r,kHMunfrIESifh oufqdkifaom {0Ha*vdw&m;\ qefYusifbufjzpfae[ef ormw&m;\
tajzudk a&mr 9-11 tajzay;onf/
273

(*) aygvkonf taMumif;udkyif Mo0gpmwpfavQmufvkH; ajymcJhjyD;? ajymaeqJvnf; jzpfonf/

(1;3? 16/ 3;21? 31 ESifh 4;1)
(C)bk&m;ocifonf rdrdEIwfuywfawmfay: opm&SdaMumif; aygvkajymonf/ "ra[mif;
tpa&;twGuf bk&m;ocifajymonfh EIwfuywfawmfrSm rnfodkYenf; tqdkyguwdawmf
tm;vkH;zsufjy,f qdwfnOf;oGm;cJhjyDavm
c/ pmpkudk trsKd;rsKd;tusOf;csKyfEdkifonf/
1/ jiif;qefol&Sdav[ef aygvk\ pma&;ykH (a0zefpmrsddK;jzifh)
(u) 9;6
(c) 9;14
(*) 9;19
(C) 9;30
(i) 11;1
(p) 11;11
2/ a&mr 9-11 rSm pmpkwpfckjzpfonf/ (tcef;MuD;? tcef;i,fjzifh ydkif;jcm;rIrSm 0dnmOfawmf
rIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwf?
rl&if;pmrsm;
rygbJ?
aemufydkif;om
xnfhoGif;jcif;jzpfonf/)
wpfckvkH;jcHKMunfhum teufjyef&efjzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap tenf;qkH; t"dutaMumif;t&m tydkif;
okH;ydkif; &Sdygonf/
(u) 9;1-29 (bk&m;ocifrSm tcsKyftcsmNzpfaMumif;)
(c)9;30-10;21(vlom;\ wm0ef0w&m;&SdykH)
(*)11;1-32 (bk&m;ocif\ tm;vkH;yg0ifaom xm0&a&G;EIwfNcif;tMuHawmf)
3/t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm; jzifh avhvmjcif;/ / a&mrMo0g'pm\ tydkif;twGuf aumif;rGefaom
tusOf;csKyf Thomas Nelson ykHESdyfwufrS xkwfaponf NKJV \ pmydk'fcJGrsm; awGU&onf/
(u) c&pfawmfudk tpa&;jiif;y,fjcif;/ 9;1-5
(c) bk&m;ocif &nf&G,fcsufudk tpa&;jiif;y,fjcif;/ 9;6-13
(*) bk&m;ocif\ w&m;rQwrIudk tpa&;jiif;y,fjcif;/ 9;14-29
(C) tpa&;\ vuf&Sd tajctae/ 9;30-33
(i) tpa&;ESifh {0Ha*vdw&m;/ 10;1-13
(p) {0Ha*vdw&m;udk tpa&;jiif;y,fjcif;/ 10;14-21
(q) tpa&;\ jiif;y,frIonf t<uif;rJhr[kwf/ 11;1-10
(Z) tpa&;\ jiif;y,frIonf aemufqkH;r[kwfao;/ 11;11-36

274

*/

tydkifonf ESvkH;om;xJrS idka<u;oHjzpfonfrQtrQ pdwfxJrS wifjyjcif;vnf; jzpfonf

(t"dutcsufrsm;udk wuaA'enf;us azmfjyjcif;) if;onf a[ma&Stem*wdusrf; 11;1-4/ 8-9enf;wl
ykefuefaom tpa&; tay: bk&m;ocif\ pdwfESvkH;aMuuJGykHtm; owd&aponf/
tcef;BuD; 7 azmfjyonfh ynwfw&m;awmf\ a0'emESifh aumif;jrwfrIrsm;onf tcef;BuD; 9-10ESifh
wlnDrIrsm;pGm &Sdonf/ ESpfae&mpvkH; bk&m;ocifay;onfh ynwfawmfonf toufay;&rnfhtpm;
aojcif;w&m; ,laqmifvmrItay: aygvkESvkH;aMuuJGcJh&\/
C/ aygvkonf tcef;BuD; 9;11twGif; "ra[mif;usrf;rS 25Budrf udk;um;azmfjyykHudk axmufIygu
tod&cufaom (paradox) tpa&;taMumif;tm; vwfwavm tawGUtBuHKtm;jzifhomr[kwfbJ?
tcef;BHuD; 4rSm enf;wl "ra[mif;usrf;jzifh taxmuftxm;jyum? &Sif;vif;vdkaom aygvk\ qEudk
jyoonf/ tmjA[H\ aoG;om;tquftEG,ftrsm;pkwdkYonf twdwfumvyifvQif bk&m;ocifudk
jiif;qefcJhMuonf/ (wrefawmf&/ ae[rd 9)/
i/ usrf;ydk'frsm;onf {zuf 1;3-14 enf;wl vlom;tm;vkH; a&G;EIwf&ef bk&m;ocif\ xm0&
tMuHawmfudk azmfjyonf/ kwfw&ufzwfvdkufonfhtcg bk&m;ocifonf vlyk*dKvftcsKdUa&G;cs,fum?
tjcm;olrsm;udkrl jiif;y,faMumif;a&;om;azmfjyonfpkESifh wlaomfvnf; (Supralapsarian Calvinism
tpGef;a&mufuJvfAift,l0g') uREkfyf\ tvdkt& if;rSm vlwpfOD;csif;udk ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ
a&G;EIwfjcif;ESifh qdkif bk&m;ocif\ xm0&tMuHtpnfawmfudk pl;pkdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ (urm 3;15/
12;3/ wref 2;23/ 3;18/ 4;28 ESifh 13;29/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 8;28 Munhfyg/)
Joseph A. Fitzmyer ESifh Raymond E. Brown wdkYwnf;jzwfonfh The Jerome Biblical Commentary,
twJG 2 ajymonfrSm
]]aygvk\ tjrifrSm tpueOD;u p wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;jzpfaMumif; oabmayguf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/
olonf vlwpfOD;csif;\ wm0ef&Sd ykHudk aqG;aEG;aejcif;r[kwfacs/ aygvkonf bk&m;ocif\ BudKwif
cefYxm;jcif;taMumif; azmfjyaeonfqdkygu if;onf vlwpfOD;csif;tm; bkef;wefcdk;cHpm;ap&ef BudKwifcefY
xm;onf[k qdkjcif;ESifh rnfodkYrQroufqdkifacs/ (pm? 318)
tcef;BuD; 9 tm; usrf;pum;tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;/
u/ tcef;BuD; 8 ESifh tcef;BuD; 9 tMum; pdwfaeoabmxm; tBuD;tus,fajymif;vJoGm;ykH
c/ tcef;BuD; (9-11) pmpk yg0ifaom "roabmw&m;rSm
(1) u,fwifjcif;taMumif;tajccH
(2) a&G;aumufjcif; bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsuf
(3) r,kHMunfaom tpa&;\ opmrJhjcif; tjydKif- YHWH \ opm&Sdjcif;
(4) a,I\ a&G;EIwfjcif; vlom;tm;vkH; yg0ifykH
*/ tcef;BuD; 9 rSm bk&m;ocifonf tcsKyftcsmjzpfaMumif; "ropfusrf; tcdkifrmqkH; azmfjyaom
usrf;ydk'fwpfckjzpfonf/ (tjcm;usrf;ydk'fwpfckrSm {zuf 1;3-14)/ wpfzufrl tcef;BuD; 10 onf
vlom;\ vGwfvyfaom pdwfqEtaMumif; &Sif;vif;pGmESifh xyfcgwvJvJ azmfjyonf/ (]]vlwdkif;}} i,f
4/ ]]rnfolrqdk}} i,f 11? 13/ ]]tm;vkH;}} i,f 12 (ESpfcg)/ aygvkonf "roabmw&m;wif;rmrIudk
275

o[mZmwjzpfap&ef tm;xkwfjcif; rjyKcJhbl;acs/ ESpfrsKd;pvkH; if;twdkif;? rSefuefonf

ormusrf;pmawmfvm Mo0g'trsm;pkwkdYudk qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,mif (0g) jiif;qefol&Sdaeoa,mif
twJGrsm;jzifh wifqufonf/ "roabmw&m;enf; pepftrsm;pkwdkYrSm wuaA'enf;us (Logical)
aomfvnf; usrf;ydk'f wpfckwnf;jzifh twnfjyKcsuf,lrI (proof-text) uomvQiformusrf;enf;us
ormw&m;\ tjcm;wzufaom rsufESmpmudk omvQif ,lonf/ Mo*pfwif0g'ESifh uJvfAif0g'
tjydKif- yJvm*if0g'Dwpfydkif;ESifh tbmrDeD0g' (Augustinianism ESifh Calvinism versus Semi-Pelagianism
and Arminianism) ESpfrsKd;pvkH; ormw&m;ESifh rSm;,Gi;f aomw&m; a&maESmyg0ifonf/ tuGufcsxm;aom
teufjyefrIqdkif&m
BudKwift,ltqwpfckxJodkY
ormusrf;pmtm;
twif;wGef;ydkYaom?
usrf;ydk'fwpfckwnf;jzifh twnfjyKrI? w,loef0g'? usKd;aMumif;qifjcifrIESifh "roabmw&m;enf;
pepfwdkYxuf Mo0g'qdkif&m wif;rmrIonf ydk ESpfoufp&maumif;ygonf txl;taMumif;t&m/ /
ta&SUwdkif;pmay 3;27 Munfhyg/
C/ 9;30-33onf tcef;BuD; 9tm; tusOf;csKHUjcif;ESifh tcef;BuD; 10\ OD;wnfcsuf jzpfonf/
i/ aygvkonf (rdrd\ usKd;aMumif;jy aqG;aEG;rItwGuf "ra[mif;usrf;tm; rnfodkY okH;aMumif; rSwfom;yg/
if;rSm a&mrjrdKU&Sd *sL;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk wiful;rSef;qjcif;jzpfonf/
(1) i,f 7 urm 21;12
(2) i,f 9 urm 18;10? 14
(3) i,f 12 urm 25;31
(4) i,f 13 rmv 1;2-3
(5) i,f 15 xGuf 33;19
(6) i,f 17 xGuf 9;16
(7) i,f 25 a[ma&S 2;23
(8) i,f 26 a[ma&S 1;10
(9) i,f 27 a[&Sm 10;22
(10) i,f 28 a[&Sm 10;23
(11) i,f 29 a[&Sm 1;9
(12) i,f 33 a[&Sm 28;16 ESifh 8;14
tcef;BuD; 19 ESifh 11wdkY tjcm;"ra[mif;usrf; udk;um;rItrsm;tjym;&Sdaeygao;onf

276

pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pkavhvmrI
(aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 9;1-5
1igonfrSom pum;rajymbJ? c&pfawmf ormw&m;udk ajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ ig\ rdrdudk,f
rdrdodaom pdwfonf oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfEiS fhtwl oufaocHonfrSm 2igonf tvGef0rf;enf;um?
rdrdpdwfESvkH;xJ rjywfrvyfemusnf;vsuf&Sd\/ 3taMumif;rSm ig\nDtpfudkrsm; aoG;om;Zmwd ig\
trsKd;om;csif;rsm; tusKd;twGuf igudk,fwdkif c&pfawmfESifh uGmum? usdefqJjcif;cH &cJhrnfqdkvQif
cHvkdygonf/ 4olwdkYrSm om;rsm;t&m csD;ajrmufcHolrsm; bkef;wefcdk;awmf? y#dnOfw&m;rsm;ESifh
aomfvnf;aumif;? ynwfw&m;awmf? Adrmefawmf trIawmfaqmif&u
G fjcif;rsm;ESifh uwdawmfrsm;
tyfay;jcif;wdkYESifhvnf;aumif; oufqdkifaom tpa&;vlrsKd;rsm;jzpfMu\/ 5olwdkYonf bdk;ab;rsm;
jzpfMuum? aoG;om;Zmwdtm;jzifh c&pfawmfonf olwdkYrS qif;oufvm\/ xdkt&Sifonf t&mcyfodrf;
tkyfpdk;awmfrlol? xm0&aumif;csD;r*Fvm cHpm;&aom bk&m;ocifjzpfawmfrl\/ tmrif/
NASB

9;1-2 ti,f 1 ESifh 2 onf *&dvdk 0guswpfckwnf;jzpfonf/ rdrdormw&m;ajymjcif; jzpfaMumif; olwdkY

(a&mrjrdKU toif;awmf) od&SdEdkif&eftaMumif;&if; trsKd;rsKd;jzifh azmfjyonf/
1/ olESifh c&pfawmf\ aygif;pnf;rI? i,f 1
2/ ol\ Mowypdwf 0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifrI i,f 1
3/ tpa&;twGuf ol\ eufdIif;aom cHpm;rI i,f 2
9;1 ]]igonfrSom pum;rajymbJ? c&pfawmf ormw&m;udk ajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf rdrd\
rSefuefrItm; ykHpHjzifh azmfjyavh&Sdonf/ (2aum 11;10/ *v 1;20/ 1wd 2;7) odkYr[kwf bk&m;ocifudk rdrd\
oufaotjzpftvm;wl azmfavh&Sdonf/ (a&mr 1;9/ 2aum 1;23/ 11;31/ zd 1;8/ 1ouf 2;5? 10)/ olonf
rdrdoGefoifrIESifh a[majymrIrsm; ppfrSefykHudk twnfajym&m if;rSm olYenf;jzpfonf/ 'roufjrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:
tawGUtMuHKonf t&mcyfodrf;ajymif;vJoGm;aponf/
]]rdrdudk,frdrdodaompdwf}} if;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocifay;onfh 0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifrItm;jzifh

udk,fusifhw&m; odwwfjcif; jzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh if;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf tcGifhtmPm\

aomhcsufwpfckjzpfonf/ if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfudk em;vnf
oabmaygufum? uRefawmfwdkY\ pdwfxJ tokH;jyKvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/ (1wd 1;5? 19) jyemay:vmonfrSm
,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh r,kHMunfolrsm; ESpfrsKd;pvkH; EIwfuywfawmfESifh 0dnmOfawmfudk jiif;qifonfhtcg jzpfonf/
xdkodkYjzpfvmonfhtcg rdrdtjypftm; tusKd;oifhtaMumif;oifh &Sif;vif;csufay;vmMuonf/ (1wd 4;2)
rdrdwdkY\ Mowypdwf (vdyfjympdwf) onf ,Ofaus;rI"avhxkH;pHESifh tawGUtBuKHwdkYudk vkdufwwfygonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / rdrdudk,frdrdodaompdwf qdk;aumif;cJGjcm;wwfaompdwf Mowypdwf

aygvkonf aum&dEK Mo0g'rsm; ]]Bowypdwf}} [laom a0g[m&rMumcPoHk;ygonf/ (1aum 4;4/
8;7? 10? 12/ 10;25? 27? 28/ 2aum 1;12/ 4;2/ 5;11)/ if;rSm oifhawmfjcif;&Sdr&Sdtm; twGif;pdwfjzifh
odwwfjcif;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (wref 23;1)/ rdrdwdkY\ Mowypdwfudk rdrdwdkY twdwfumv touf&SifykHrsm;?
277

rdrdwdkY\ nHhzsif;aom a&G;cs,frIrsm;ESifh bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfonf tusKd;oufa&mufEdkifonf/ if;rSm

tjypftemuif;aom vrf;jyr[kwfaomfvnf;? wpfOD;csif;\ ,kHMunfjcif; e,fedrdwfudk qkH;jzwfay;onf/
xdkYaMumifh rdrd\ Mowypdwf (vdyfjympdwf? twGif;pdwf) rSm rSm;,Gif;onfjzpfap? tm;enf;onfjzpfap if;tm;
azgufzsufusL;vGefjcif;onf ,kHMunfjcif;\ t"du usaom jyemwpf&yfjzpfonf/
,kHMunfol\ MowypdwfrSm bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfESifh bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh ydk
ydk ykHoGif;cH&ef vdktyfonf/ (1wd 3;9)/ bk&m;ocifonf ,kHMunfolwdkYudk olwdkY&&Sdonfh tvif;w&m;ay:
(tm;enf;onfjzpfap? tm;aumif;onfjzpfap) pD&ifrnfjzpfaomfvnf;? tvif;w&m; ydk &&Sd&efESifh
t&Sifa,Ic&pfawmftm; oduRrf;rI BuD;xGm;ae&ef ormusrf;pmESifh 0dnmOfawmftwGuf uRefawmfwdkY tm;vkH;
wHcg;zGifhxm;&ef vdktyfonf/ ydkrdkjynfhpkHaomrSwfcsufudk 2aum 10;25 \ ]]Mowypdwf}} Munfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ]]tm;enf;jcif;}} udk Munfhyg/

NASB, NKJV ]]oefY&Sif;aom

0dnmOfawmfonf ightwGuf oufaocHonfrSm}}

NASV ]]if;udk oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmftwnfjyKonf}}
TEV ]]oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf tkyfcsKyfonf}}
NJB ]]oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfESifh aygif;pnf; igrSefonf[k rSwf,lonf}}
rdrd c&pfawmf\ txl;wvnfac:zdwfrIESifh trdefYawmf&Sdonf[k aygvk,kHMunfonf/ (wref 9;1-22/
*v 1;1)/
Mwd,m VERBAL (PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE, 2;15) rSm sun ygaom aygif;pyfpum;vkH;
jzpfonf/ (aygvkokH;aeusjzpfonf)/ olonf rdrd\ topfaom em;vnf;oabmaygufrIrSm atmufygwdkYudk
tajccHonf[k od&Sdxm;onf/
1/ c&pfawmf\ zGifhjyrI
(u) 'rmoufjrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:
(c) tma&AsEdkifiH oGefoifrI (Nabetean)
2/ 0dnmOfawmf\ twGif;oufao
olonf wrefawmf wpfyg;jzpfum bk&m;ay;aom tcGifhtmPmjzifh pum;ajymonf/ (1aum 7;25? 40)/
olonf tpa&;vlrsKd;rsm;\ r,kHMunfrIESifh bk&m;ocif\ pdwfemrIudk rQa0cHpm;onf/ (i,f 2)/ olwdkYonf
tcGifhaumif;rsm;pGm &&Sdxm;Mu\/ (i,f 4-5)

278

9;3
NASB, NKJV

]]cH &cJhrnfqdkvQif}}
TEV ]]olwdkYtusKd;twGuf cH &cJhrnfqdkvQif
NJB ]]ig...qE&Sdayvdrfhrnf}}
aygvkonf rdrdvlrsKd; tpa&;twGuf jyif;jypGm cHpm;um? rdrdcJGxkwfcHjcif;tm;jzifh olwdkY yg0ifvm Mu
&cJhrnfqdkvQif? cJGxkwfcHvdkonf/ i,f 3/ 0gusonf o'gzJGUpnfykHt& txl;jyKrI jyif;xefykHrSm (IMPERFECT
MIDDLE INDICATIVE ESifhtwl autos ESifh ego ESpfckpvkH;tjyif PRESENT INFINITIVE vnf;yg0ifonf)
jyif;xef pdwfav;vSaom qkawmif;csufonf xGuf 32;30-35 tjypfjynfhaom tpa&;twGuf arma&S\
Mum;0ifawmif;yefay;aom qkawmif;csufESifh rsm;pGm wlonf/ if;rSm tjzpfrSefr[kwfbJ? pdwfqE
azmfjyrIwpfcktjzpf taumif;qkH;em;vnf&ygonf/ if;rSm *v 4;20 okH;onfh IMPERFECT TENSE
tokH;tEIef;ESifh qifwlonf/
NRSV

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif;
I.

ed'gef;
u/ qkawmif;jcif; ta&;BuD;ykH a,I\ Oyrmjzifh od&onf/
(1) rdrdtwGuf qkawmif;jcif;? rmuk 1;35/ vkum 3;21/ 6;12/ 9;29/ 22;29-46/
(2) Adrmefawmf&Sifvif;jcif;/ rJ 21;13/ rmuk 11;17/ vkum 19;46/
(3) qkawmif;jcif; erlem/ rJ 6;5-13/ vkum 11;24/
c/ yk*dKvfjzpfaom? *kpdkuf uRefawmfwdkYESifhtwl &Sdaeol? rdrdESifh tjcm;olrsm;buf aeum? uRefawmfwdkY\
qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzifh vkyfaqmifvdk vkyfaqmifEdkifpGrf;&Sdol bk&m;ociftm;? rdrd,kHMunfjcif;onf
qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzifh xdawGU &aom vkyfaqmifrIjzpfoGm;aponf/
*/ rdrduav;rsm;\ qkawmif;csufrsm;tm;jzifh vkyfaqmif&ef bk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,f rdrduefYowfrI jyK&m
u@rsm;pGm &Sdonf/ (,mukyf 4;2)
C/ qkawmif;jcif;\ t"du &nf&G,fcsufrSm okH;yg;wpfql bk&m;ESifh rdwfo[m,jyKjcif;ESifh tcsdef,ljcif;
jzpfonf/
i/ qkawmif;jcif;\ jrifuGif;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh qdkifaom wpkHw&m (0g) wpfpkHwpfa,muf jzpfonf/
uRefawmfwdkYonf ,kHMunfvsufwpfcg qkawmif;Edkifonf/ odkYr[kwf tawG;ESifh pdk;&drfrI
jyefay:vmjcif;ESifh tnD xyfcgwvJvJ qkawmif;Edkifonf/
p/ qkawmif;jcif; taMumif;t&m tcsKdUyg0ifEdkifonf/
(1) okH;yg;wpfql bk&m;tm; csD;rGrf; &dkaoav;jrwfjcif;
(2) bk&m;ociftwl&Sdaejcif;? rdwfo[m, jyKjcif;ESifh rpyhHydk;jcif;rsm;twGuf aus;Zl;wifjcif;
(3) twdwfESifh vuf&Sd rdrdwdkY tjypfrsm;tm; 0efcH awmif;yefjcif;/
279

(4) rdrdwdkY\ vdktyfrIrsm;ESifh pdwfqErsm;tm; awmif;avQmufjcif;

(5) tjcm;olrsm;\ vdktyfrIrsm;tm; crnf;awmf a&SUarSmuf Mum;0ifawmif;avQmufay;jcif;/
q/ Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif;onf vQKdU0SufeufeJaomt&m wpfckjzpfonf/ rdrdwdkY qkawmif;ay;aom
olrsm;udk bk&m;ocifonf rdrdwdkY cspfonf xufrsm;pGm ydkcspfonf/ odkYaomf uRefawmfwdkY\
qkawmif;rIrsm;onf tajymif;tvJwpf&yf? wkHUjyefrI (0g) vdktyfrIwpfcktm; rdrdwdkY omru olwdkYyg
jzpfyGg;apavh&Sd\/
II.

ormusrf;pmawmfvm qkawmif;rIrsm;
u/ "ra[mif;usrf;
1/ Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif;\ OyrmtcsKdU
(u) aom'kHjrdKUtwGuf tmjA[H\ awmif;avQmufrI? urm 118;22
(c) tpa&;twGufarma&S\qkawmif;rI
(1) xGufajrmuf&m 5;22-23
(2) xGufajrmuf&m 32;31
(3) w&m;a[m&m 5;5
(4) w&m;a[m&m 9;18? 25
(*) tpa&;twGuf&SmarGv\qkawmif;csuf
(1) 1"r&mZ0if 7;5-6? 8-9
(2) 1"r&mZ0if 12;16-23
(3) 1"r&mZ0if 15;11
(C) olYuav;twGuf'g0dwf\qkawmif;csuf? 2"r&mZ0if 12;16-18
2/ bk&m;ocifonfMum;0ifqkawmif;rnfholrsm;udk&SmazGaeonf/ a[&S, 59;16
3/ od&Sdxm;NyD;? 0efcHawmif;yefjcif;rjyKaomtjypfrsm; (0g) aemifwr&aom pdwfaeoabmxm;onf
uRefawmfwdkY\qkawmif;csufrsm;udk xdckdufonf/
(u) qmvH 66;18
(c) okwH 28;9
(*) a[&Sm, 59;1-2? 64;7
c/ "ropfusrf;
1/ om;awmfESifh0dnmOfawmf\Mum;0ifqkawmif;jcif;trIawmf
(u) a,I
(1) a&mr 8;34
280

(2) a[NAJ 7;25

(3) 1 a,m 2;1
(c) oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf? a&mr 8;26-27
2/ aygvk\Mum;0ifqkawmif;jcif;trIawmf
(u) *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf qkawmif;onf
(1) a&mr 9;1
(2) a&mr 10;1
(c) toif;awmfrsm;twGufqkawmif;onf
(1) a&mr 1;9
(2) {zuf 1;16
(3) zdvdyd 1;3-4? 9
(4) aum 1;3? 9
(5) 1 ouf 1;2-3
(6) 2 ouf 1;11
(7) 2 wdarmao 1;3
(8) zdavrkef i,f4
(*) olYtwGufqkawmif;ay;&ef toif;awmfrsm;udk aygvkarwm&yfcHonf/
(1) a&mr 15;30
(2) 2aum&dEK1;11
(3) {zuf 6;19
(4) aumavmoJ 4;3
(5) 1oufomavmed 5;25
(6) 2oufomavmed 3;1
3/ toif;awmf\Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif; trIawmf
(u) tcsif;csif;twGufqkawmif;ay;Muavmh
(1) {zuf 6;18
(2) 1wdarmao 2;1
(3) ,mukyf 5;16
(c) txl;tkyfpkrsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;&ef arwm&yfcHjcif;
(1) igwdkY\&efolrsm;twGuf? rJ 5;44
281

(2) c&pf,meftrIawmfaqmifrsm;twGuf? a[NAJ 13;18

(3) tmPmydkifrsm;twGuf? 1wdarmao 2;2
(4) zsm;emolrsm;twGuf? ,mukyf 5;13-16
(5) jyefaemufqkwfoGm;olrsm;twGuf? 1a,m 5;16
III. qkawmif;csuftajz&&efvdktyfcsufrsm;
u/ c&pfawmfESifh0dnmOfawmfwdkYESifh rdrd\ qufqHa&;
(1) udk,fawmftxJwnfvsufaeyg/ a,m[ef 15;7
(2) emrawmfxJ wnfaeyg/ a,m 14;13? 14/ 15;16/ 16;23-24/
(3) 0dnmOfawmftxJwnfaeyg/ {zuf 6;18? ,k' 20
(4) bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfESifhtnD qkawmif;yg/ roJ 6;10/ 1a,m 3;22/ 5;14-15/
c/ pdwfaepdwfxm;rsm;
(1) pdwfysHUvTifhjcif;r&SdbJ? rJ 21;22/ ,mukyf 1;6-7
(2) ESdrfhcsjcif;ESifhaemifwjzifh? vkum 18;9-14
(3) vTJrSm;aomawmif;avQmufjcif;? ,mukyf 4;3
(4) wudk,faumif;qefjcif;? ,mukyf 4;2-3
*/ tjcm;rsufESmpmrsm;
(1) pGJjrJpGm^ZGJ&SdpGm
(u) vkum 18;1-8
(c) aumavmoJ 4;2
(2) qufvufqkawmif;jcif;
(u) rJ 7;7-8
(c) vkum 11;5-13
(*) ,mukyf 1;5
(3) tdrfawmifa&; rnDrnGwfrI? 1aywk 3;7
(4) odorQtjypfESifhuif;&Sif;&ef
(u) qmvH 66;18
(c) okwH 28;9
(*) a[&Sm, 59;1-2
(C) a[&Sm, 64;7

282

IV.

"roabmw&m;qdkif&med*Hk;csKyf
u/ tcGifhxl;jzpfonf/ tcGifhaumif;jzpfonf/ wm0efESifh 0w&m;jzpfonf/
c/ a,IonfigwdkY\ yHkoufaojzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfrSm igwdkY\vrf;jyjzpfonf/ crnf;awmfonf
pdwfapmpGm apmifharQmfaeonf/
*/ 4if;onf oifhtm;? oifhrdom;pktm;? oifhrdwfaqGrsm;ESifh oif\urmBuD;tm; ajymif;vJoGm;apEdkifonf/

c&pfawmfESifhuGmum? usdefqjJ cif;cH &cJhrnfqdkvQif}}

NKJV ]]c&pfawmf\usdefqJjcif;cH&cJhrnfqdkvQif}}
NRSV ]]c&pfawmfESifhtqufjywfcH? usdefqJcH&cJhrnfqdkvQif}}
TEV ]]bk&m;ocif\ usdefqJrIatmuf&Sdum? c&pfawmfESifhuGm &cJhrnfqdkvQif}}
NJB ]]jypf'PfpD&ifcHum? c&pfawmfESifhtqufjzwfjcif;cHvdkonf}}
]]oefY&Sif;}} [laom pum;vHk;\ rlvZpfjrpfrSm bk&m;ociftoHk;jyK&efoD;oefYcGJxm;onf[ljzpf\/
t,ltqonf ]]usdefqJ}} (1aum 12;3/ 16;22/ *v 1;8-9) a0g[m&ESifhqufpyfonf/ wpfpHkwpf&m (0g)
wpfpHkwpfa,mufonf bk&m;ociftwGufoD;oefYcGJjcif;cH&onf/ 4if;onf usrf;pum;tquftpyfay:
rlwnfum tjyKoabm jzpfEdkifonfenf;wl (0wf 27;28/ vkum 21;5) tzsufoabmvnf; aqmifEdkifonf/
(a,mI 6-7/ a&mr 9;3)
NASB

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / usdefqJjcif; (ANATHEMA)

]]usdefqJjcif;}} pum;vkH;twGuf a[jAJpum;vkH;tawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdonf/ Herem (BDB 356) udk

bk&m;ociftwGuf ay;aom wpfpkHwpf&mtwGuf okH;um (LXX \0wf? 27;28 onf anathema uJhodkY
jzpfonf/ (BA 6D 54) zsufpD;&ef jzpfavh&Sdonf/ (w&m; 7;26/ a,mI 6;17-18/ 17;12) if;udk ]]oefY&Sif;
jrifhjrwfaom ppfyJG}} holy war oabmtjzpf okH;onf/ cgeefvlrsKdd;rsm;ESifh a,a&acgjrdKUudk zsufpD;&ef
bk&m;ocif ajymonfrSm yxrqkH;aom tcGifhaumif;jzpfonfh ]]tOD;oD;rsm;}} jzpfonf/
"ropfusrf; anathema jzpfjyD; if;a0g[m&ESifh qufpyfaom ykHpHrsm;udk t"dyg,f trsKd;rsKd;jzifh
okH;onf/
1/ vufaqmifwpfck (0g) bk&m;ociftwGuf ylaZmfum (vkum 21;5)
2/ ao&efusdefqdkjcif; (wref 23;14)
3/ tusdefwdkuf usdefqdkjcif; (rmuk 14;71)
4/ a,IESifh qufpyfaom usdefjcif;ykHpHwpfck (1aum 12;3)
5/ bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifjcif; (0g) zsufpD;jcif;cH&ef wpfpkHwpfa,muf (0g) wpfpkHwpf&mtm;
tyfESHjcif; (a&mr 9;3/ 1aum 16;22/ *v 1;8-9)/
]]aoG;om;Zmwd ig\ trsKd;om;csif;rsm;}} txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 1;3 Munfhyg/

283

9;4-5 emrfpum;pkrsm;onf tpa&;&&Sdxm;aom tcGifhxl;rsm;udk odomay:vGifpGm &Sif;vif;oGm;aponf/

wyef;omrIrsm;onf olwdkY\ r,kHMunfrIudk ydk tjypfqdkp&mjzpfoGm;aponf/ rsm;rsm;ay;jcif; cH&olxHrS
rsm;rsm;jyef awmif;vdrfhrnf/ (vkum 12;48)
9;4 ]]tpa&;vlrsKd;rsm;}} if;rSm tmjA[mH\ tquftEG,ftwGuf "ra[mif;usrf;\ y#dnOfcHemrnfjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifESifh t"duusaom rsufESmcsif;qdkifawGUqkHrIwpf&yftjyD; ,mukyf\ emrnfrSm tpa&;tjzpf
ajymif;vJapjcif;cH&onf/ (urm 32;28)/ if;rSm *sL;trsKd;om; tm;vkH;jcHKaom bJGUemrwpfckjzpfvmonf/
if;a0g[m&\ yif&if;rSm ]] El (bk&m;ocif) onf ZJGvkHUv&dSygap}} [l jzpfEdkifjyD; ,mukyf\ aumufuspfrItm;
qdkvdkjcif;r[kwf&yg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / tpa&;
I.

xdkemrnf\ t"dyg,frSm raocsmacs/ (BDB 975)

u/ El onfZJGvkHUv&Sd\
c/ El onf ZJGvkHUv&Sdygap (JUSSIVE)
*/ El onf vkHjcHKpGm odrf;qnf;\
C/ El onf tcdkiftrm jydKifqdkifygap
i/ El onf BudK;ukwftm;xkwfonf
p/ bk&m;ocifESifh NydKifqdkifol (urm 32; 28)

II. "ra[mif;xJu

tokH;tEIef;rsm;
u/ ,mukyf\ emrnf (vk,lol? zaESmifhqkyfudkifol? BDB, urm 25;26) onf ,Akwfacsmif;
eH0dnmOfwpfyg;ESifh eyrf;vkH;NyD;aemuf ajymif;vJoGm;onf/ (urm 32;22-32/ xGuf 32;13)/
rMumcPqdkovdkyif a[NAJemrnf t"dyg,frsm;rSm ZpfjrpfoabmrqefbJ jyZmwfqefqef jzpfonf/
(32;28)/ odkYjzifh olYemrnfrSm tpa&;jzpf vmcJhawmhonf/ (urm 35;10)
c/ if;udk olYom; wq,fhESpfa,mufwdkYtwGuf wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf; emrnftjzpf tokH;jyKvmonf/
(urm 32;32/ 49;16/ xGuf 1;7/ 4;22/ 28;11/ w&m; 3;18/ 10;6)
*/ if;onf xGufajrmuf&musrf;rwdkifrD aemufydkif;wGif (w&m; 1;1/ 18;6/ 33;10) trsKd;
wpfq,fhESpfEG,fwdkY yg0ifaom vlrsKd;tm; &nfnTef;jcif; jzpfvmonf/ (urm 47;27/ xGuf 4;22/ 5;2)
C/ a&Smvk? 'g0d'fESifh a&Smvrkefbk&ifwdkY\ wpkwpnf;wnf; tkyfpdk;rI aemufydkif;wGif a&maAmifvufxuf
trsKd;tEG,frsm; uJGxGufoGm;cJhMuonf/ (3 "r 12)
1/ woD;wjcm;jzpfrIonf w&m;0if ruJGxGufrDuyif tpjyKcJhjyD jzpfonf/ (2 "r 3;10/ 5;5/ 20;1/
24/ 3 "r 1;35/ 4;20)
2/ tI&dvlrsKd;rsm; vufatmufodkY &Srm&drusrDtxd ajrmufydkif;rsKd;EG,fpkrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (4 "r
17)/
284

i/ ae&m tenf;i,f ,k'udk okH;onf/ (a[&Sm 1;1/ rdum 1;15-16)

p/ tml&dESifh AmAkvkef uRef;cHjcif; umvaemufydkif; ,mukyf\ tquftEG,ftm;vkH;wpfpk
wpfaygif;wnf;\ emrnfjyefjzpfvmonf/ (a[&Sm 17;7? 9/ a,& 2;4/ 50;17? 19)/
q/ omrefvlxktm; ,ZJyka&m[dwfrsm;ESifh uJGjym;jcm;em;apaom emrnftjzpf okH;onf/ (1 &m 9;2/ {Z&
10;25/ ae[rd 11;3)

]]om;rsm;t&m

csD;ajrmufcHolrsm;}}
"ra[mif;usrf;
trsm;jyudef;
]]om;rsm;}}
[lonf
aumif;uifwrefrsm;udk &nfnTef;avh&Sdonf/ (a,mb 1;6/ 2;1/ 38;7/ 'H 3;25/ qmvH 29;1/ 89;6-7)
odkYaomf tenf;jyudef; ]]om;}} url
1/ tpa&;vlrsKd; bk&ifudk nTef;onf (2"r 7;14)
2/ vlrsKd;awmfudk nTef;onf (xGuf 4;22?23/ w&m; 14;1/ a[ma&S 11;1)
3/ ar&Sd,t&Sif (qmvH 2;7)
4/ vlom;rsm;udkvnf; nTef;Edkifonf/ (w&m; 32;5/ qmvH 73;15/ a,Z 2;1/ a[ma&S 1;10/ urm 6;2
rSm roJuJGacs/ tjcm;wpfckck jzpfEdkifonf/) "ropfusrf;rl ]]om;}} [laom tqdkyg a0g[m&onf
bk&m;ocif\ rdom;pk0if wpfa,mufa,mufudk &nfnTef;onf/
u,fwifjcif;twGuf aygvkokH;onfh t"du wifpm;csufrSm ]]om;t&m csD;jrifhjcif; (arG;pm;jcif;) jzpfNyD;
(a&mr 8;15? 23/ *v 4;5/ {zuf 1;5) aywkESifh a,m[efwdkYurl topfarG;zGm;jcif; 'kwd,arG;jcif;
pum;vkH;jzifh wifpm;azmfjyMuonf/ xdkESpfrskd;pvkH;rSm vlodrsm;aom wifpm;jcif; pum;vkH;rsm; jzpfonf/ if;rSm
*sL;rsm;\ wifpm;jcif; ykHpHr[kwfbJ? a&mrykHpHjzpfonf/ a&mr Oya' arG;pm;jcif;rSm tvGefaps;BuD;um?
umvMum&SnfpGm qufvufaqmif&Guf&aom w&m;Oya'qdkif&m vkyfxkH;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ wpfcg arG;pm;jcif;cH
&olyk*dKvfonf vlopftjzpf rSwf,ljcif; cHum? w&m;Oya't& pGefYvTwfjcif;rjyK&acs/ odkYr[kwf arG;pm;ol
zcifonfyif owfypfjcif;rjyK&acs/
]]bkef;wefcdk;awmf}} a[NAJpum;vkH;\ yif&if;rSm ]]av;vHonf}} [l jzpfNyD;? wefbkd;BuD;t&mtm;

wifpm;jcif; jzpfonf/ ae&mrl pum;vkH; &nfnTef;onfrSm

1/ odemawmifay:rdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjyawmfrl olbk&m;ocif (xGuf 19;18-19)
2/ oJuEm&twGif; tpa&;vlrsKd;rsm; vSnfhvnfoGm;vmcJhMupOf OD;aqmifaom bkef;awmf wdrfwdkifjzpfonfh
Shekinah (xGuf 40;34-38)? rdrdudk,f rdrdtpa&;tm; twktEIdif;uif;pGm zGifhjyawmfrlol YHWH \
&Sdaejcif;udk ol\ bkef;wefcdk;awmfjzifh jyqdkonf (3 "r 8;10-11/ a,Z 1;28)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ 3;23 Munfhyg/
]]y#dnOfw&m;rsm;}} *&da&S;a[mif; vufa&;usrf;rsm; jzpfonfh P46, B, F ESifh G wdkY tenf;jyudef;jzifh

]]y#dnmOfw&m;}} [kyg&Sdonf/ odkYaomf trsm;jyudef;onf MSS Aleph, C, ESifh tcsKdUaom a&S;a[mif; vufwif
Vulgate ESifh Coptic bmomjyefusrf;rsm; &Sdonf/ UBS4 onftrsm;jyudef;udk "B" (aocsmoavmuf) tqifh
owfrSwfonf/ odkYaomf "ra[mif;usrf; trsm;jyudef;jzifh rokH;cJhbl;acs/ "ra[mif;usrf; y#dnOfw&m;rsm;
twdtus&Sd&m tm'H? aem{? tmjA[H? arma&S ESifh 'g0d'f wdkYESifh bk&m;ocifjyKaom y#dnOfw&m;rsm; jzpfonf/
285

ynwfw&m;awmf ay;tyfjcif;udkrl aygvkonf aemufrSom azmfjyykHudk axmufvQif tmjA[HESifh jyKaom

y#dnOfw&m;udk &nfnTef;jcif; jzpfEdkifonf/ aygvkonf if;udk tajccH tkwfjrpftjzpf Ijrifum (4;1-25/ *v
3;16-17) tBudrfaygif;tawmf rsm;rsm;azmfjyNyD; (urm 12? 15?17) tBudrfwdkif;wGif bkd;ab;rsm;teuf
wpfOD;pDudk cJG azmfjyonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / y#dnOfw&m;
"ra[mif; a0g[m& berith (BDB 136) rS qif;oufaom y#dnOfw&m; pum;vkH;rSm t"dyg,f
owfrSwf&ef rvG,fulacs/ if;ESifh wJGbufBud,m a[NAJpum;vkH; r&Sdacs/ pum;vkH;\ Zpfjrpfudk t"dyg,f
&Sif;vif;&eftm;xkwfrI tm;vkH; &Sif;vif;jcif;r&Sdonf csnf;jzpf\/ rnfodkY jzpfapwpfckaocsmonfrSm xdkpum;vkH;
rnfodkY tvkyfvkyfaMumif; qkH;jzwfEdkifa&;twGuf xdkpum;vkH;okH;EIef;ykHudk avhvm&ef jzpfonf[k ynm&Sifrsm;
em;vnfxm;Muonf/
y#dnOfw&m;rSm ppfrSefNyD;? wpfqlwnf;aom bk&m;ocifonf rdrdzefqif;onfh vlom;tm;
qufqHykHenf;vrf;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmawmfvmzGifhjyawmfrIjcif;udk em;vnfoabmayguf&efrSm y#dnOfw&m;?
oabmwlpmcsKyf (0g) oabmwlnDrI pum;vkH;wdkY\ oabmw&m;rSm ta&;BuD;onf/ bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm
tmPmESifh vlom;\ vGwfvyfrIwdkYtMum; wif;rmrIudk y#dnOf oabmw&m; &Sif;vif;pGm jrif&onf/
tcsKdUy#dnOfrsm;rSm bk&m;ocif\ oabmESifh vkyfaqmifrI oufoufay: tajcjyKonf/
1/ zefqif;jcif; (urmOD; 1;2)
2/ tmjA[Htm; ac:zdwfjcif; (urmOD; 12)
3/ tmjA[HESifh y#dnOf jyKjcif; (urmOD; 15)
4/ aem{tm;vkHNcHKpGm xdef;odrf;jcif;ESifh uwdawmf (urmOD; 6;-9)
rnfodkYjzpfap y#dnOfjyKjcif;\ oabmobm0rSm wkHUjyefrI vdktyfonfomjzpf\/
1/ tm'Honf ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh bk&m;ocifudk emcHum? {'ifO,smOf tv,f&Sdopfyifudk rpm;&ef jzpfonf/
2/ tmjA[Honf ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh rdrd\ rdom;pkudk pGefYcGgum? bk&m;ocifudk vkdufvsuf? ol\ tem*wf
tquftEG,frsm; taMumif; ,kHMunfrI&Sd&ef vdktyfonf
3/ aem{onf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh BuD;rm;aom avSBuD;wpfpD;tm; a&ESifh a0;&mt&yf wnfaqmufum?
wd&pmefrsm;udk pkaqmif;&ef jzpfonf
4/ arma&Sonf tpa&;vlrsKd;udk tD*spfEdkifiHrS odemawmifodkY ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh ac:xkwfum? uwdawmfrsm;ESifh
usdefqJjcif;rsm; ygaom bmoma&;ESifh vlrIa&;b0twGuf wdusaom vrf;nTef;rIrsm; vu&&Sdonf/
(w&m;a[m 27-28)
bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm; qufqHa&; yg0ifonfh tvm;wlwif;rsmrIrsKd; ]]y#dnOfw&m;topf}}
azmfjyyg&Sdonf/ a,Zausv 18udk a,Z 36;27-37 (YHWH \vkyfaqmifrI) ESifh EIdif;,SOfavhvmygu
wif;rmrIudk &Sif;vif;pGm jrif&onf/ y#dnOfw&m;onf bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmf vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ay:
tajcjyKaejcif;avm
(0g)
vlom;tm;
wkHUjyefrIjyK&ef
trdefYawmf
csrSwfjcif;avm
if;rSm
y#dnOfw&m;ta[mif;ESifh topf tvGefta&;BuD;aom taMumif;t&mjzpfonf/ ESpfckpvkH;\ yef;wdkifrsm;rSm
twlwlyifjzpfNyD; (1) YHWH onf urmOD; 3 u H;qkH;cJh&aom rdwfo[m,udk jyefvnf&&Sd&efESifh (2)
bk&m;ocif\ oabmudk xif[yfaprnfh ajzmifhrwfaom vlrsKd;wpfrsKd; xlaxmif&ef jzpfonf/
286

a,Z 31;31-34 &Sd topfaom y#dnOfw&m;onf vufoifhcHrI&&Sd&ef enf;vrf;tjzpf vlom;\

aqmif&GufrItm; z,f&Sm;vdkufjcif;tm;jzifh tqdkyg wif;rmrIudk ajz&Sif;vdkufonf/ bk&m;ocif\ ynwfawmfrSm
vl\ jyifyw&m;pD&ifa&; Oya'tpm; vl\txJrS qEawmifhwrI wpfrsKd;jzpfvmonf/ yef;wkdifjzpfonfh
bk&m;w&m;&dkaoav;pm;aom?
ajzmifhrwfaom
vlrsKd;[lonf
,ciftwdkif;yif
jzpfaomfvnf;?
enf;pepfajymif;vJoGm;onf/ usqif;aom vlom;onf bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftm; xif[yfapoljzpf
vm&ef oifhavsmfvkHavmufrIr&SdaMumif; olYudk,fol twnfjyKcJhayNyD/ bk&m;ocif\ y#dnOfw&m; jyem&Sd
r[kwfbJ? vlom;\ tjypfjynfhrIESifhtm;enf;rIrSm jyemjzpfonf/ (a&mr 7/ *v wd 3)/
"ra[mif;\ cRif;csufrJhESifh cRif;csufyg y#dnOfw&m;rsm;tMum; wif;rmrIonf "ropfusrf;
qufvuf&Sdaeonf/ u,fwifjcif;onf a,Ic&pfawmfNyD;pD;cJhNyD;aom tvkyf vkH;0tcrJhjzpfaomvnf;?
aemifwESifh ,kHMunfjcif; (tpjyKjcif;ESifh qufuyfoGm;jcif; ESpfrsKd;pvkH;) awmif;qdkonf/ if;rSm w&m;Oya't&
trdefYausnmrIESifh c&pfawmfESifh wlnD&ef ac:zdwfrI ESpfrsKd;pvkH;jzpfonf/ vufoifhcHaMumif; tjzpfrSeftm;
azmfjyrIESifh oefY&Sif;pifMu,f&ef apcdkif;rIjzpfonf ,kHMunfolwdkYrSm olwdkY\ vkyfaqmifrIaMumifh
u,fwifjcif;&&Sdonfr[kwfaomfvnf; emcH&ef u,fwifcH&jcif;jzpfonf/ ({zuf 2;8-10)/ bk&m;w&m;ESifh
nDaom touf&Sifjcif;onf u,fwifjcif;\ taxmuftxm;jzpfNyD;? u,fwifjcif;&&ef enf;vrf;r[kwfacs/
rnfodkYjzpfap xm0& touf jrifEkdifaom MuiftifvuPmrsm;&Sdonf wif;rmrIudk a[NAJMo0g'pm
&Sif;vif;pGm jrif&onf/
]]ynwfw&m;awmfESifh Adrmefawmf trIaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm; tyfay;jcif;}} if;\ &nfnTef;csufrSm

1/ odemawmifay:wGif arma&Su ynwfw&m;awmf vu&&Sdjcif; (xGuf 19-10)

2/ oJuEm&xJ vSnfhvnfoGm;vmpOf umv&Sd wJawmf (xGuf 25-40 ESifh 0wfjyK&musrf;) wdkYjzpfonf/
]]uwdawmfrsm;}} bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ tem*wfpDrHcsufrsm; zGifhjycJhNyDjzpfonf/ (1;2/ wref 13;32/ wdwk

1;2/ a[NAJ 1;1)/

y#dnOfw&m;rsm;udk apmapmuyif azmfjycJhNyD; jzpfojzifh ]]uwdawmfrsm;}} [k qdk&m ar&Sd,udk
&nfnTef;jcif; jzpfEkdifonf/ 9i,f 5/ Oyrm urm 3;15/ 49;10/ w&m; 1;8;15? 18-19/ 2"r 7/ qmvH
16;10/ 118;22/ a[&Sm, 7;14/ 9;6/ 11;1-5/ 'H 7;13? 27/ rdum5;2-5/ Zm 2;6-13/ 6;12-13/ 9;9/
11;12)/
uwdawmfrsm;rSm (y#dnOfw&m;rsm;) cRif;csufrJhjzpfonfenf;wl? cRif;csufygvnf; jzpfMuonf/
bk&m;ocif\ vkyfaqmifrItydkif;ESifh qdkif cRif;csufrJhjzpfonf rSefaomfvnf; (urm 15;12-21) vlom;\
,kHMunfrIESihf emcHrItydkif;vnf; vkdtyfonf jzpf cRif;csufESifhvnf; jzpfaeao;onf/ (urm 15;6 ESifh a&mr
4)/ c&pfawmf r<uvmrDumv tpa&;uom bk&m;ocif\ rdrdudk,frdrdzGihfjyawmfrljcif; &&SdcJhonf/ (a,mbESifh
a,oa&m wdkYuJhodkYaom cRif;csufrsm;&Sdygonf)
9;5 ]]bdk;ab;rsm;}} if;onf tmjA[H? uZufESifh ,mukyf? urmOD; 12-50 twGif;&Sd trsKd;\ ueOD;
zcifrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (a&mr 11;28/ w&m 7;8/ 10;15)/

287

]]aoG;om;Zmwdtm;jzifh c&pfawmfonfvnf; olwdkYrS qif;oufvmonf}} if;onfar&Sd,t&Sif\ cEmudk,f

rsKd;&dk;udk ajymonf/ (1;3/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ar&Sd,t&Sif 1;4 Munfhyg)/ olonf bdodufcH&ol?

bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmfrsm;ESifh pDrHcsufrsm;udk (10;6) NyD;pD;aprnfh bk&m;ocif txl;a&G;cs,faom tapcH
jzpfonf/
]]c&pfawmf}} [laom a0g[m&rSm a[NAJ bmompum; ]]bdodufcH,l&&Sdol}} Anoited One tm; *&dvdk
bmomjyefjcif; jzpfonf/ "ra[mif;usrf; oefY&Sif;aom qDjzifh avmif;um (cefYxm;aom) acgif;aqmif
okH;rsKd;&dSonf/
1/ tpa&;&Sifbk&if
2/ tpa&;\ ,Zfyka&m[dwfrsm;
3/ tpa&;\ ya&mzufrsm;
xdkodkY jyKjcif;rSm bk&m;ocif\ trIawmftwGuf olwdkYudk a&G;cs,fjcif;ESifh wefqmyvmwyfqif
(t&nftcsif;ay;jcif;) ay;jcif;\ trSwftom;jzpfonf/ a,Ionf bdodufcHaom kH;awmfokH;yg;pvkH;NyD;
jynfhpkHoGm;apcJh\ (a[NAJ 1;2-3)/ olonf vljzpfvm (vl0ifpm;ol) bk&m;jzpfaomaMumifh? olonf
bk&m;ociftm; tjynfht0zGifhjcif; jzpfonf/ (a[&Sm 7;14/ 9;6/ rdum 5;2-5/ aum 1;13-20)/
txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3 ]]aoG;om;Zmwd}} Munfhyg/

]]aoG;om;Zmwdtm;jzifh c&pfawmf? t&mcyfodrf;tkyfpdk;awmfrlol? aumif;csD;r*Fvm xm0&cHpm;&aom

bk&m;ocif}}
NKJV ]]c&pfawmf <uvmonf t&mcyfodrf;tkyfpdk;awmfrlol? xm0&umvywfvkH; aumif;csD;r*FvmcHpm;&ol?
bk&m;ocif}}
NRSV ]]ar&Sd,t&Sif<uvmonf/ t&mcyfodrf; tkyfpdk;awmfrlol? aumif;csD;r*Fvm xm0&cHpm;&aom
bk&m;ocif}}
TEV
]]c&pfawmfonf vlom;wpfa,muftaejzifh olwdkY\ trsKd;jzpfawmfrl\/ t&mcyfodrf; tkyfpdk;awmfrlol
bk&m;ocifonf? tNrJxm0&csD;rGrf;jcif;cH&ygapaom}}
NJB
]]aumif;csD;r*Fvmxm0& cHpm;&ol bk&m;ocif? t&mcyfodrf;xuf BuD;jrwfawmfrlol c&pfawmf<uvm}}
o'genf;t& if;onf crnf;awmfudk csD;rGrf;aom bkefawmfbJGUjzpfEdkifaomfvnf; (TEV onf
*sL;tpOftvmvdkufonf) usrf;pum; tquftpyfoabmonf a,IrSm bk&m;jzpfaMumif; aygvk\
twnfjyKcsufudk ydk rsufESmomay;onf (aygvkonf LXX yg&Sdonfhtwdkif; YHWH \bkef;awmfbJGUjzpfaom
*sL;ykHpHrvdkufacs/ J. Mwoy, 11, pp. 245-248 Munfhyg/) aygvkonf a,I pum;vkH; Theos udk
rMumcProkH;aomfvnf; wpfcgwpfavokH;ygonf/ (wref 20;28/ 2ouf 1;12/ wdwk 2;13/ zd 2;6)/
ueOD;toif;awmf zcifrsm;tm;vkH;onf usrf;ydk'fudk a,Itm;&nfnTef;csuftjzpf teufjyefMuonf/ Bruce
Metzger, "A Textual Commentary On the Greek New Testament, pp. 520-522, ajymonfrSm oabmuJGvTJrIonf
pmtjzwftawmuf oauFwrsm;csjcif;ESifh qufpyfonf[k qdkonf/ a&S;a[mif;vufa&; rlusrf;wdkY
pmvkH;MuD;rsm;jzifh a&;om;&mwGif
1/ pmvkH;BuD;pmvkH;i,fr&Sd
2/ pmtjzwftawmuf oauFwr&Sd
NASB

288

3/ pmydk'fcJGjcif;r&Sd
4/ pmvkH;wpfckESifh wpfcktMum; uGufvyfae&myifcsefrxm;acs/
]]t&mcyfodrf;tkyfpdk;awmfrIol}} if;onfvnf; crnf;awmf bk&m; (0g) om;awmfa,ItaMumif;a&;om;
azmfjy&mpum;pk jzpfEkdifonf/ if;onf rJ 28;19 u a,I\ azmfjycsufESifh aum 1;15-20u aygvk\
azmfjycsufwdkYudk xif[yfaponf/ cef;em;x,f0gvSaom pum;pkonf emZ&ufjrdKUom;a,Itm;
jiif;y,fcJhMujcif;\ rdkufrJrIrnfrQ qkd;0g;ykHjyoonf/
]]tNrJxm0&}} if;rSm *&dtD'D,HtokH;tEIef;jzpfonfh ]]uyfumvrsm;}} unto ages jzpfonf/ (vkum 1;33/

a&mr 1;25/ 11;35/ *v 1;5/ 1wd 1;17)/ if;rSm tvm;wl qufpyfonfh pum;pk tcsKdUteufwpfckjzpfonf/
(1) ]]uyfumv}} unto the age (rJ 21;19 (rmuk 11;14) vkum 1;55/ a,m 6;5? 58/ 8;35/ 12;34/ 13;8/
14;16/ 2aum 9;9) odkYr[kwf (2) ]]urmtqufquf}} of the age of the ages uyf umvrsm;\ uyfumv
(uyfumv
tqufquf)
({zuf
3;21)/
"Forever"
tNrJxm0&[laom
tokH;tEIef;ESifh
uJGjym;jcm;em;jcif;&Sd[efrwlacs/ a0g[m& "ages" uyfumvrsm; uyurmrsm;onf wifpm;rI oabmjzifh
trsm;jyudef;jzpfEdkifonf/ if;rSm cef;em;x,f0grIudk azmfjy&m *sL;&dAd q&mBuD;rsm; okH;onfh
o'gzJGUpnf;ykHwpfrsKd; jzpfonf/ odkYr[kwf ]]tjypfuif;apaom uyfumv age of innocence, ]]qdkd;qGrf;aom
uyfumv age of wickedness " vmvwhHaom uyfumv age to come, odkYr[kwf ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif; uyfumv}}
(age of righteousness) ponfh t"dyg,f&Sdaom *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ ]]uyfumvrsm;}}- ages t,ltqudk &nfnTef;jcif;
jzpfEdkifonf/
]]tmrif}} txl;taMumif;t&m 1;25 Munfhyg/
NASB

(aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 9;6-13

6

odkYaomf if;onf bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmf ysufuGuf&m ra&mufacs/ taMumif;rSm tpa&;rS

qif;oufoltm;vkH; tpa&;r[kwfacs/ 7tmjA[H\ tquftEG,fwdkif; tmjA[H\ uav;rsm;r[kwfacs/
odkYaomf ]]uZuftm;jzifh oif\ tquftEG,frsm;[k rSnfhac:vdrfhrnf/}} 8if;rSm aoG;om;Zmwduav;wdkYonf
bk&m;ocif\ uav;rsm;r[kwfbJ? uwdawmf\ uav;rsm;udkom tquftEG,frsm;tjzpf rSwf,ljcif;jzpfonf/
9
taMumif;rSm ]]tcsdef ig<uvmum? pm&monf om;wpfa,mufxGef;um;vdrfhrnf}} qdkonfrmS
10
uwdpum;awmfjzpf\/
t&mom
r[kwfa&Auvnf;
olonf
igwdkY\
tbjzpfaom
11
a,musfm;wpfa,muftm;jzifh
tjrTmudk,f0efaqmifcJhpOfu
tjrTmwdkYonf
rarG;zGm;&ao;?
taumif;tqdk;wpfpkHwpf&m rjyKrDuyif? bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,fjcif;ESifhqdkifaom tBuHtpnfawmfonf
tusifhrsm;aMumifhrwnfbJ? ac:awmfrIolaMumifhomwnfapjcif;iSg 12olrtm; ]]om;BuD;onf om;i,ftm;
tapcHvdrfhrnf[k ajym\/ 13if;rSm ]],mukyfudk igcspfaomfvnf;? {aomudk igrkef;\}} [k
usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnD jzpfonf/
9;6 ]]bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmf}} usrf;ydk'f pum;pkonf "ra[mif;\ y#dnOfw&m;vm
uwdawmfrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmfrsm;rSm aocsmonf/ (awmfvnf 23;19/ a,mI
21;45/ 23;14/ 4 "r 10;10/ a[&Sm 40;8/ 55;11/ 59;21)/
289


NASB, NRSV
TEV, NJB ]]ysufuGufcJhonf}}

]]t&mra&mufjzpfcJh&NyD}}
a0g[m& (ekpipt) udk Septuagint (LXX) tBudrfaygif;tawmfrsm;rsm;okH;um wpfpkHwpf&m (a[&Sm
6;13) wpfpkHwpfa,muf (a[&Sm 14;12) usonfudk qdkvdk\/ ae&m PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE
jzpfNyD; Mum&SnfcHaomtusKd;oufa&mufrI jzpfaejcif; (odkYaomf if;udk y,fzsufxm;onf) tajctaeudk jyonf/
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmftm; pdwfcsaocsm &rIudk txufyg rSwfpk Munfhyg/
NRJV

NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

]]taMumif;rSmtpa&;rS qifoufol tm;vkH;tpa&; r[kwfacs}}

]]taMumif;rSm tpa&;jzpfoltm;vkH; tpa&;r[kwfacs/}}
]]taMumif;rSm tpa&;tm;vkH; tpa&;r[kwfacs/}}
]]taMumif;rSm tpa&; vlrsKd;tm;vkH; bk&m;ocif\ vlrsKd;r[kwfacs}}
]]taMumif;rSm tpa&;rS qif;oufoltm;vkH; tpa&;r[kwfacs}}

qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,mif azmfjyrIonf ]]tpa&;}} a0g[m&\ ormusrf;pmawmfvm t"dyg,fudk

wpfywfaemufjyefvnfhypfvdkufonf/
1/ ,mukyf\ tquftEG,frsmudk qdkvdkaom tpa&; (urm 32;22-32)
2/ bk&m;ocifa&G;aumufaom vlrsKd;udk qdkvdkaom tpa&; (TEV)
3/ toif;awmfudk qdkvdkaom tpa&;jzpfonfh 0dnmOfa&;&m tpa&; (*v 6;16/ 1ay 2;8? 9/ Asm 1;6)
tNydKif yuwd tpa&; (i,f 3-6)/
tmjA[H\ uav;rsm;teuf wpfcsKdUuomvQif uwdawmfESifh qdkifaom uav;rsm; jzpfonf/ (i,f 7)/
*sL;vlrsKd;rsm;yif olwdkY\ rsKd;EG,fudk tajcjyK (i,f 7) bk&m;ocifESifh rSefjcif;r[kwfcJhMubJ? olwdkY\
,kHMunfjcif;udk tajcjyKonf/ (2;28-29/ 4;1/ a,m 8;31-59/ *v 3;7-9/ 4;23) bk&m;ocif\
uwdawmfrsm;udk cHpm;um? ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh if;wdkYtm;vdkufavQmufcJhMu olrsm;rSm (9;27/ 11;5)
,kHMunfolt<uif;tusefrsm;om jzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 9;27-28 Munfhyg/)
tcef;i,f 6 onf rSef;qxm;aom jiif;qefrI tcsKdUESifh tpjyKonf/ (9;14/ 19? 30/ 11;1) if;onf
aygvk\ a0zefpmykHpH qufvufjcif; jzpfonf/ if;rSm jiif;qefolwpfa,muf&Sdav[ef rsKd;jzifh ormw&m;udk
ajymjyjcif; jzpfonf/ (rmv 1;2? 6?7 ESpfcg 12?13/ 2;14? 17 ESpfcg? 3;7? 13?14)/
9;7 ti,f\ yxrydkif;wpf0ufrSm urmOD; 21;12rS jzpfonf/ tmjA[H\ uav;tm;vkH;wdkYrSm bk&m;ocif\
y#dnOfw&m;uwdawmfESifh rqdkifMuacs/ (urm 12;1-3/ 15;1-11/17;1-21/ 18;1-15/ *v 4;23)/ if;onf
ti,f 8-9u u&SarvESifh ti,f 10-11u ,mukyfESifh {aomwdkY\ uJGjym;jcm;emrIrsm;udk jyonf/
290

9;8 ae&m aygvkonf vlrsKd;a&; tquftEG,frsm;udk &nfnTef;&ef ]]aoG;om;Zmwd}} [laom a0g[m&

okH;onf/ (1;3/ 4;1/ 9;3? 5/ txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3 Munfhyg)/ olonf tmjA[H\ obm0uav;rsm;
(9;3 u *sL;rsm;) ESifh tmjA[mH\ (uwdawmfESifh qdkifaom uav;rsm;) 0dnmOfuav;rsm; (bk&m;ocif\ uwd
ar&Sd,tm; ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh udk;pm;Murnfh olrsm; 2;28-29) udk EdIif;,SOfjyjcif; jzpfonf/ if;onf usqif;aom
vlom;tm; a&G;EIwfcHvlom;tm;EIdif;,smOfjyonf 8;4-11 ESifh rwlacs/
9;9 if;rSm urmOD; 18;10? 12tm; udk;um;rI wpfckjzpfonf/ uwdxm;&muav; (]]trsKd;tEG,f}}) onf
bk&m;ocif\ tpjyKrIjzifh pm&mrS arG;zGm;vmvdrfhrnf/ if;onf aemufqkH;wGif; ar&Sd,t&SifzGm;jrifjcif; tm;jzifh
NyD;qkH;oGm;vdrfhrnf/ uZufonf vGefcJhaom wpfq,fhokH;ESpfwmumv urm 12;1-3wGif tmjA[Hudk
ay;aom bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmf txl;jynfhpkHvmcJhjcif; jzpfonf/
9;10 tmjA[H uZufESifh ,mukyfwdkY\ ZeD;rsm; jrHKcJhMuonf/ olwdkYudk,f0efraqmifEdkifcJhMuacs/
uav;&&efolwdkY rpGrf;EdkifjzpfMu&jcif;rSm ar&Sd,\ rsKd;EG,fESifh qdkifaom rdrd\ y#dnOfw&m; uwdawmfrsm;udk
rdrd xdef;csKyfaeaMumif; bk&m;ocifjyojcif; enf;vrf;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/
tjcm;enf;vrf;wpfrsKd;rSm ar&Sd,\ rsKd;EG,fonf bkd;ab;rsm;\ om;BuD;rsm;tm;jzifh qif;oufjcif;
r&SdcJhbl;acs/ (if;rSm "avhxkH;pHt& ajrmfvifhjcif;ESifh qefYusifbufjzpfonf)/ aomhcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\
a&G;cs,frIjzpfonf/ (i,f 11-12)/
9;11-12/ ti,f 11-12rSm *&dvdk 0guswpfckwnf; jzpfonf/ tcsufudk urm 25;19-34 rS
,ljcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frIrSm (i,f 16) (1) vlom;rsKd;EG,frvdkuf (2) vlom;\ xdkufwefrI
odkYr[kwf pGrf;aqmifEkdifrI (i,f 16) rvdkufaMumif; oufaojy&ef Oyrmudk okH;onf/ if;rSm
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ topfaom ,E&m;? topfaom y#dnOfjzpfonf/ (a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;2236)/ rnfodkY jzpfap bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frIrSm tjcm;olrsm;udk z,fxkwf&ef r[kwfbJ? yg0ifap&ef jzpfonf
ar&Sd,onf vufa&G;pifrsKd;&dk;wpfckrS <uvmrnfjzpfaomfvnf; olonf vlom;tm;vkH;twGuf <uvmvdrfhrnf/
(,kHMunfjcif;udk usifhokH;oltm;vkH;/ 2;28-29/ 4;3? 22-25/ tcef;BuD; 10)/
9;11 ]]&nf&G,fcsuf}} if;rSm pro taygif; tithemi yg0ifaom aygif;pyfa0g[m&wpfrsKd;jzpfum t"dyg,f
trsKd;rsKd;&Sdonf/
1/ a&mr 3;25
(u) trsm;jynfoljrifomatmifjyKonf
(c) tjypfajz&m vufaqmif (ylaZmfoum)
2/ wiful; pDrHonf
(u) aygvk? a&mr 1;13
(c) bk&m;ocif? {zuf 1;9
291

if;\ emrfykHpH (prothesis) udk ae&m ]]a&SU xm;onf}} [laom t"dyg,fjzifh okH;onf/
1/ AdrmefawmfxJu a&SUawmfrHkUESifh qdkif okH;onf/ rJ 12;4/ rmuk 2;26/ vkum 6;4/
2/ bk&m;ocif\ a&G;EIwfjcif; &nf&G,fcsufjzpfaom BudKwifqkH;jzwfjcif;ESifh qdkif okH;onf/ a&mr 8;28/
9;11/ {zuf 1;5? 11/ 3;1-/ 2wd 1;9/ 3;10
aygvkonf 0dbwf pro (a&SU)ESifh wJG aygif;pyf a0g[m& tawmfrsm;rsm;udk a&mr 8?9?10ESifh {zuf
Mo0g'pm wdkY okH;onf/ (if;pum;vkH;wdkYonf bk&m;ocifpDrHxm;aom vkyfaqmifrIudk jyonf)
1/ proginsk (BudK odonf) a&mr 8;29
2/ prooriz (tcsdefrwdkifrD ykHpHcsonf) a&mr 8;29 ({zuf 1;5? 11) 30 ({zuf 1;9)/
3/ prothesis (BudKwifqkH;jzwfaom &nf&G,fcsuf) a&mr 9;11
4/ proetoimaz (tcsdefrwdkifrD tpjyK) a&m 9;23
5/ prolego (,cifuajymcJhonf) a&mr 9;29
6/ proelpiz (tcsdefrwdkifrD arQmfvifhcJhonf) {zuf 1;12
9;12 if;rSm {aomESifh ,mukyfwdkY taMumif; urm 25;23 &Sdaom tem*wdpum;udk ukd;um;jcif; jzpfonf/
a&AuESifh ,mukyfwdkYonf aumif;BuD;ESifh qdkif Zuftm;vSnfhpm;cJh&m olwdkY\ yk*dKvfa&; tusKd;twGuf
r[kwfbJ? tem*wdpum;awmfvmtwdkif; jyKrIcJhMujcif;jzpfaMumif; usrf;ydk'ftm;jzifh jyoonf/
9;13 ]]odkYaomf {aomudk igrkef;onf}} if;rSm rmvcd 1;2-3rS udk;um;csufjzpfonf/ ]]rkef;onf}} hate
qdkonfrSm EdIif;,smOf&m okH;aom a[NAJ pum;vHk;wGJ okH;EIef;ykH wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ if;onf jyif;xefaeoa,mif
xif&aomfvnf; urm 29;31-33/ w&m; 21;15/ rJ 10;37-38/ vkum 14;26 ESifh a,m 12;25 wdkYESifh
EdIif;,smOf avhvmMunfhyg/ vlom;uJhodkY ajymaom a0g[m&rsm;jzpfonf ]]cspfonf}} ESifh ]]rkef;onf]] wdkYrSm
vlwpfOD;csif;wdkY tay: bk&m;ocif\ pdwfcHpm;rIESifh rqdkifbJ? ar&Sd,ESifh qdkifaom rsKd;EG,fESifh uwdawmf
tay: bk&m;ocif\ tmrcHcsufESifh qdkifonf/ ,mukyfonf urmOD; 25;23 u tem*wdpum;ay:
tajcjyKonfh uwdawmfom; jzpfonf/ {aomurl rmvcd 1;2-3 t& {'kHvlrsKd;udk nTef;onf/ ({aom\
tquftEG,f)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ociftm; vlom;uJhodkY a&;om; azmfjyjcif;/

(ANTHROPOMOPHIC LANGUAGE)
I. yHkpHpum;toHk;tEIef;onf

"ra[mif;usrf;tvGeftoHk;rsm;onf/ (OyrmtcsKdYrSm)

u/ cEmudk,ftpdwftydkif;rsm;
1/ rsufpd u? 1;4? 31/ 6;8/ xGuf 33;17/ awm ? 14;14/ w&m;? 11;12/ Zm? 4;10
2/ vuf xGuf 15;17/ awm 11;13/ w&m; 2;15/
292

3/ vufarmif; - xGuf 6;6/ 15;16/ awm 11;23/ w7m; 4;34/ 5;15/

4/ em;&Guf awm 11;18/ 1"r 8;21/ 4"r 19;16/ qm 5;1/ 10;17/ 18;6/
5/ rsufESm xGuf 32;30/ 33;11/ awm 6;25/ w&m; 34;10/ qm 114;7/
6/ vufacsmif;rsm; - xGuf 8;19/ 31;18/ w&m; 9;10/ qm 8;3/
7/ toH urm 3;8-10/ xGuf 15;26/ 19;19/ w&m; 26;17/ 27;10/
8/ ajcaxmuf xGuf 24;10/ a,Z 43;7/
9/ vlom;oPmef xGuf 24;9-10/ qm 48/ a[&Sm 6;1/ a,Z 1;26/
10/ xm0&bk&m;\aumif;uifwref u 16;7-13/ 22;11-15/ 31;11? 13/ 48;15-16/ xGuf 3;4?
13-21/ 14;19/ w&m;ol 2;1/ 6;22-23/ 13;2-22/
c/ cEmudk,fjyKrlvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;
1/ zefqif;jcif; puf,E&m;tjzpfpum;ajymjcif; - u 1;3? 6? 9? 11? 14? 20? 24? 26/
2/ {'ifO,smOfvrf;avQmufjcif; (toH) u 3;8/ 18;33/ [A 3;15/
3/ aem{\oabFmwHcg;ydwfjcif; - u 7;16
4/ rD;IdUaom,Zfaumifrsm; teYHudk &SLjcif; - u 8;21/ 0wf 26;31/ tmrk 5;21
5/ qif;vmjcif; - u 11;5/ 18;21/ xGuf 3;8? 19;11? 18? 20
6/ arma&Sudk oN*K[fjcif; - w&m; 34;6
*/ vlom;\pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIrsm; (Oyrm tcsdKU)
1/ aemifw& - u 6;6?7/ xGuf 32;14/ w&m;ol 2;18/ 1"r 15;29? 35/ tmrkwf 7;3? 6/
2/ pdwfqdk; - xGuf 4;14/ 15;7/ awm 11;10/ 12;9/ 22;22/ 25;3? 4/ 32;10? 13? 14/ w&m; 6;5/
7;4/ 29;20
3/ o0efwdk (tjypf&Sdonf[k xifvG,f) xGuf 20;5/ 34;14/ w&m; 4;24/ 5;9/ 6;15/ 32;16? 21/
a,mI 24;19/
4/ &GH&Sm 0wf 20;23/ 26;30/ w&m; 32;19
C/ rdom;pka0g[m&rsm; (OyrmtcsdKY)
1/ zcif
(u) tpa&;rsm;ESifhqdkif xGuf 4;22/ w&m; 14;1/ 39;5/
(c) &Sifbk&ifESifhqdkif 2"r7;11-16/ qm 2;7/
293

(*) zcifuJhodkYjyKrloltjzpfwifpm;rIrsm; - w&m; 1;31/ 8;5/ 32;1/ qm 57;10/ ok 3;12/ a, 3;4?

22/ 31;20/ a[m 11;1-4/ rmv 11;1-4
2/ rdbrsm; - a[m 11;1-4
3/ rdcif qm 27;10 (EdkYxdef;onfuJhodkY)? a[&Sm 49;15/ 66;9-13
4/ i,fcspfOD; -a[m 1-3
yHkpHbmompum;oHk;&jcif;taMumif;&if;rsm;
u/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrdudk,frdrdvlom;rsm;tm; zGifhjy&ef xdkyHkpHvdktyfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf emrf0dnmOfjzpf
rjrif&ojzifh bk&m;ociftm;vlom;tjzpf a&;om;azmfjyum a,mufsm;tjzpf ,lqjcif;rSm tvGefysYHESYHonf/
c/ bk&m;ocifonfvlom;b0\t"dyg,ft&SdqHk; jrifuGurf sm;udk,lum usqif;aomvlom;tm; rdrdudk,frdrd
azmfxkwfjyo&ef toHk;jyKonf/ (zcif? rdcif? rdb? cspfjrwfEdk;ol)
*/ kyfcEmyHkpHtrsdK;rsKd;jzifh rdrdudk,frdrduefhowf xkwjf y&ef vdktyfrI&Sdaomfvnf; xdkodkYjyK&ef qEr&Sdacs/ (xG 20/
w&m; 5)
C/ bk&m;ociftm; vlom;uJhodkY a&;om;azmfjyjcif;\ txG#ftxdyfrSm a,Itjzpfvl0ifpm;jcif;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf kyfcEmwdkYxd&aomol jzpfvmcJhonf/ (1a,m 1;1-3)/ bk&m;ocif\owif;pum;onf
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf jzpfvmonf/ (a,m 1;1-18)/
II.

(aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 9;14-18

odkYjzpfvQif rnfodkY ajym&rnfenf; bk&m;ocif w&m;rQwrIr&Sdavmh rnfonfhtcgrQ xdkodkY
15
rjzpf& taMumif;rSm olonf ara&Stm; ig*kPmvufudk oludk *kPmoufum? oem;Muifemvdkaom oludk
oem; Muifemrnf}} [k qdkonf/ 16xdkaMumifh if;onf tvdk&Sdol (0g) ajy;aom olay:tajcrjyKbJ?
bk&m;ocif\ *kPmawmfay:rlwnfjcif; jzpfonf/ 17ormusrf;pmajymonfrSm zgdktm; ]]ig\ wefcdk;awmfudk
oif vufawGUjyoum? ig\ emrawmf urmajrwpfavQmuf a<u;aMumfjcif; jzpfap&efwnf; [laom
&nf&G,fcsufjzifh oifhudk igcsD;ajrmufonf}} [k qdk\/ 18xdkaMumifh olonf rdrd *kPmudk oludk *kPm
oufum? rdrdpdwfrmapvdk oludk pdwfrmaponf/
NASB

14

9;14 ]]odkYjzpfvQif rnfodkY ajym&rnfenf;}} aygvkonf a0zefpmykHpHrsdK; rMumcPokH;onf/ (3;5/ 4;1/ 6;1/
7;7/ 8;31/ 9;14? 19? 30)
]]bk&m;ocif w&m;rQwrIr&Sdavm}} o'goabmt& tajz ]]r]] udk arQmfvifhonf/ bk&m;ocif\

tcsKyftcsm tmPmtm;jzifh qkH;jzwfonf qdkvQif bk&m;ocifonf tb,faMumifh vlom; wm0ef&Sdonf[k

qdk&oenf; (i,f 19)/ if;rSm a&G;aumufjcif;\ vQKdU0SufeufeJaomt&mjzpfonf/ usrf;ydk'f t"du
txl;jyK&m aomhcsufrSm vlom; (ykefuefol vlom;) ESifh qdkif bk&m;ocifonf rdrdqEtwdkif;jyKEdkifcGifh &Sdonf
rSefaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmudk wefcdk;awmfjzifh tpdrf;vdkufazmfjyjcif; rjyKbJ
*kPmawmftm;jzifh azmfjyonf (i,f 15 \ rSwfcsuf Munfhyg/)
294

aemufxyfazmfjy&ef tcsufwpfcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmjzifh a&G;cs,frIonf tem*wf

jyKrnfh vlom;\ a&G;cs,frIrsm;ESifh tjyKtrlrsm;tm; BudKwifod&Sdxm;rIay: tajcrjyKaMumif; jzpfonf/
odkYjzpfcJhrnfqdkygu vlwpfOD;csif;\ a&G;cs,frIrsm;ESifh vkyfaqmifrIrsm;onf tqkH; bk&m;ocif\
a&G;cs,frIrsm;twGuf tajccHjzpfvmayrnf/ (i,f 16/ 1ay 1;2)/ ajzmifhrwfolrsm; BuD;yGg;atmifjrifjcif; qdkif&m
*sL;vlrsKd;rsm;\ tpOftvm IjrifykHrSm if;twdkif; jzpfonf/ (w&m; 27-28/ a,mbESifh qmvH 73)/ odkYaomf
bk&m;ocifonf rxdkufrwefaom olrsm;udk ,kHMunfjcif;rSwqifh (vkyfaqmifrI tm;jzifh r[kwf 5;8)
aumif;csD;ay;&ef a&G;cs,fonf/ bk&m;ocifonf t&mcyfodrf;od&Sdxm;aomfvnf; rdrda&G;cs,frIudk (1)
ukPmawmftm;jzifh (2) uwdawmftm;jzifh uefYowfjcif;jyKonf/ vlm;\ wkHUjyefrIvdktyfonf rSefaomfvnf;?
bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,fum? a&G;aumufawmfrljcif;tm; b0toufwmajymif;vJjcif;onf vdkufygvm
twnfjyKonf/
]]xdkodkYrnfonfhtcgrQ

rjzpf&}} &Sm;yg;aom OPATIVE FORM

jzpfNyD;? aygvkonf rdrd\
jiif;qefpm[efrsm; jiif;qefolonf vkH;0jiif;y,fvdkufjcif;tm; tav;teufjyK&ef rMumcPokH;onf/ (3;4?
6?31/ 6;2? 15/ 7;7? 13/ 11;1? 11ESifh 1aum 6;15/ *v 2;17/ 3;21/ 6;14)/ if;rSm a[jAJ pum;vHk;wJG
toHk;tEIef; wpfckvnf; jzpfEkdifonf/
9;15 if;rSm xGuf 33;19rS udk;um;jcif; jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf a&G;EIwfjcif;qdkif&m rdrd\
&nf&G,fcsuftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&ef vGwfvyfrI&Sdonf/ arma&SyifvQif bk&m;ocif\ aumif;csD;rcHxdkufcJhacs/
(xGuf 33;20)/ olonf vlowform;wpfa,muf jzpfonf/ (xGuf 2;11-15)/ aomhcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\
a&G;cs,frIrSm *kPmawmftm;jzifh jzpfonf/ (i,f 16? 18-23/ 11;30?31?32)/
9;15-16 ]]*kPm}} *&dpum; (eleos i,f 15?16?23/ 11;30?31?32) udk Septuagint (LXX) a[NAJ
txl;pum;vkH; hesed udk bmomjyef&ef okH;jcif;jzpf t"dyg,frSm ]]wnfNrJaom? y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m opm&SdrI}}
[l jzpfonf/ ("ropfusrf; a&;om;olrsm;onf a[NAJvdk awG;NyD;? *&daeYpOfokH;pum;jzifh a&;om;Mujcif;
jzpfaMumif; owd&yg/) bk&m;ocif\ *kPmawmfEiS fh a&G;aumufawmfrljcif;onf trsm;udef;?
wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;jzpfaMumif; tm; uZuf\ tquftEG,frsm;tm;vkH; jzpfonfh *sL;rsm;udk
a&G;cs,faomfvnf;? &Sarv\ tquftEG,frsm;tm;vkH;jzpfonfh tm&yfvlrsKd;rsm;udk rIra&G;cs,fjcif;?
tpa&;vlrsKd;jzpfonfh ,mukyf\ tquftEG,frsm;udk a&G;cs,faomfvnf; {aom\ tquftEG,frsm; jzpfonfh
{'kHwpfrsKd;vkH;tm; a&G;cs,fjcif;rjyKrI awGU&onf/ odkYaomf ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;ESifh ,kHMunfolwpfyg;
trsKd;om;rsm;udkrl (i,f 24) wpfOD;wpfa,mufcsif;tvdkuf a&G;cs,fonf/ if;rSm BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;
a&G;aumufjcif; (wpfurmvkH; tm;a&G;EIwfjcif;) taMumif;\ vQKdU0SufeufeJrIudk zGihfaomaomh jzpfonf/
tcef;BuD; 9-11yg taMumif;t&m\ tjcm;aomhwpfckrSm ajymif;vJjcif; r&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\
MuiftifvuPmjzpfonfh - *kPmawmfjzpfNyD; (9;15?16?18?23/ 11;30? 31?32) vlom;\
vkyfaqmifrIr[kwfacs/ a&G;cs,frIrS wpfqifhjzpfaom *kPmawmfudk aemufqkH;wGif c&pfawmfudk
,kHMunfoltm;vkH; &&SdcHpm;Muayrnf/ xdkt&Sifonf tm;vkH;twGuf ,kHMunfjcif; wHcg;zGifh ay;oljzpfonf/
(5;18-19)/

295

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / cspfoem;awmfrljcif;

(HESED)

a0g[m& pum;vkH; t"dyg,fajymif;vJrIqdkif&m us,fjyefYaom e,fy,f&Sdonf/ BDB onf if;udk

uJhodkY ay:vGifxif&Sm;aponf/ (338-339)
u/ vlom;rsm;ESifh qdkif tokH;jyKykH
(1) rdrdtaygif;toif;rsm;udk oem;jcif; (1"r 20;14/ 2&m 24;22)
(2) r&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;udk oem;jcif; (rdum 6;8)
(3) ESpfoufjrwfEdk;jcif; (a,& 2;2/ a[ma&S 6;4)
(4) kyfwGif o@mef (a[&Sm 40;6)
c/ bk&m;ocifESifh qdkif tokH;jyKcJhykH
1/ y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m opmESifh tcspf
(u) ]]&efolrsm;ESifh 'kurS a&G;EIwf&m}} (a,& 31;3/ {Z& 27;28/ 9;9)
(c) ]]toufudk aoab;rS ab;uif;vkHNcHKap&m}} (a,mb 10;12/ qm 86;13)
(*) ]]0dnmOf touf&Sifap&m}} (qm 119;41? 76;88? 124? 149?150)
(C) ]]tjypfrS a&G;EIwf&m}} (qm 25;7/ 51;3)/
(i) ]]y#dnmOfw&m;rsm;udk apmifhxdef;&m}} (2&m 6;14/ ae[rd 1;5/ 9;32)
2/ bk&m;ocif\ *kPfyk'fudk azmfjy&m (xGuf 36;4/ rdum 7;20)
3/ bk&m;ocif\ oem;MuifemrI
(u) ]]ayg<u,fonf}} (ae[rd 9;17/ qm 103;8)
(c) ]]twkdif;twm BuD;rmonf}} (xGuf 20;6/ w&m; 5;10/ 7;9)
(*) ]]tNrJxm0&}} (1&m 16;34/ 41/ 2&m 5;13/ 7;3?6/ 20;21/ {Z& 3;11)
4/ oem;Muifemjcif;tjyKtrlrsm; (2&m 6;42/ qm 89;2/ a[&Sm 55;3/ 63;7/ jrnfwrf; 3;22)
9;17-18/ ti,f 17 onf wurmvkH;udk vTrf;NcHKaom wefckd;BuD;rm;onfh udk;um;csufjzpfNyD/ xGuf 9;26 rS
,lonf/ ti,f 18 rSm xdkudk;um;rIudk ed*kH;csKyftjzpf tokH;jyKjcif; jzpfonf/ zgdkbk&iftm; olYpdwfolrmaMum
aponf[k xGuf 18;15?19? 32/ 9;34 wdkY ajymonf/ aemufwpfcg olYpdwfudk bk&m;ocifrmaMumaponf[k
ajymaom usrf;ydk'frsm;rSm xGuf 4;21/ 7;3/ 9;12/ 10;20? 27/ 11;10/ wdkY jzpfonf/ Oyrmudk bk&m;ocif\
tcsKyftcsmtmPmtm; azmfjy&ef tokH;jyKavh&Sdonf/ (i,f 18)/ zgkdonf rdrda&G;csufrItwGuf wm0ef&Sdonf/
bk&m;ocifonf tpa&;twGuf rdrdtvdkawmfNyD;pD;oGm;ap&ef zgdk\ armufrmrI? acgif;rmrIudk tokH;jyKonf/
(i,f 18)
zgdkESifhqdkif bk&m;ocif jyKrIykH\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm a&G;EIwfjcif;jzpfjyD; twdkif;twmtm;jzifh yg0ifonf
1/ bk&m;ocif\ wefcdk;awmfudk jyo&ef (urmOD; 1 AmAkvkef\ Mu,fw&m bk&m;rsm; enf;wl
tD*spfvlrsKd;rsm;\ obm0ESifh wd&pmef bk&m;rsm;ESifh tjydKif)
296

2/ tD*spftm; bk&m;ocifudk zGifhjyjcif;onf wurmvkH;tm; jyojcif; oabmjzpfonf (i,f 17)/

taemufwdkif; (tar&duef) \ tawG; vlwpfOD;csif;udk t"duxm;aomfvnf; ta&SUwdkif;\ tawG;
wpfckvkH;\ vdktyfrIudk tmkHpdkufonf/ bk&m;ocifonf wurmvkH;\ vdktyfrItwGuf rdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjy&ef
zgdkudk okH;onf/ olonf r,kHMunfol tpa&;udkvnf; xdkenf;wl jyKvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ (tcef;BuD; 11)/
oabm wpfckvkH;\ vdktyfcsufxJ wpfOD;csif;\ vkdtyfrIrSm z,f&Sm;cH&onf/ "ra[mif;usrf;\
wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf; Oyrmrsm;udkvnf; owd&yg/
1/ bk&m;ocifESifh pmwefwkdY\ aqG;aEG;rIaMumifh a,mb\ rlvuav;rsm;aoqkH;oGm;cJhMuonf (a,mb
1-2)
2/ tm'H\ tjypfaMumifh tpa&;ppfom;rsm; aoqkH;cJhMuonf/ (a,mI 7)
3/ 'g0d'ftjypfaMumifh 'g0d'fESifh Amoa&Sb &aom yxruav; aoqkH;oGm;onf (2"r 12;15)
tjcm;olwpfyg;\ a&G;cs,frIrsm;onf uRefawmfwdkYtm;vkH;udk xdcdkufonf/ wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;
oabmudk "ropfusrf;wGif a&mr 5;12-21 awGU&onf/
]]ormusrf;pmajymonfrSm}} ormusrf;pmudk vlom;uJhodkY ajymjcif;onf if;\ touf&SifrIESifh qDavsmfrIudk

jyonf/ (10;6-8) aygvkonf ]]tjypf}} ESifh ]]aojcif;}} udkvnf; a&mr (6;-7) ouf&Sdvlom;uJhodkY ajymonf

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) usrf;/ / 9;19-26

19

odkYjzpfvQif ]]bk&m;ocif tb,faMumifh tjypfwifawmfrI&ao;oenf; b,folonf tvdkawmfudk

wm;qD;cJhbl;oenf;
20
xdkodkY
jzpf&rnfhtpm;
bk&m;ocifudk
pum;wkHYjyefajymqdkoltoif
vlom;rSm
rnfolenf;
ykHoGif;aomt&monf ykHoGif;oltm; ]]tb,faMumifh oifonf ighudk odkY vkyfoenf; [k qdk&rnfavm/
21
odkYr[kwf tdk;xdef;onfonf &GHUap;wpfwkH;wnf;jzifh ydkaumif;aomt&m okH;&efESifh omreftwGuf okH;&ef
ajrtdk;rsm; jyKvkyfydkifcGifh&Sdonf r[kwfavm/ 22bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ rsufawmfxif&Sm;ap&efESifh
rdrdwefcdk;awmfudk odap&ef zsufpD;zdkY&ef jyifqifaom trsufawmfcH tdk;rsm;ay:onf;cHawmfrlvdkygu rnfodkY
qdk&rnfenf; 23csD;ajrmufjcif;cH&ef BudKwifjyifqifaom *kPmawmfcHtdk;rsm;tm; rdrd\ bke;f awmf<u,f0rI
od&Sdap&ef xdkodkY jyKygu rnfodkY qdkrnfenf; 24xdkolwdkYrSm *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;xJ omru?
wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;xJuyg ac:awmfrlol igwdkyvnf; jzpfMu\/ 25a[ma&S\ usrf;pm ajymonfrSm ig\
vlrsKd;r[kwfaom olrsm;udk ]]ig\ vlrsKd;rsm;}} [kac:um? rcspfaom trsKd;orD;udk ]]tcspf}} [k igac:rnf/
26
xdktcg ]]oifwdkYonf ig\ vlrsKd;r[kwf}} [kqdk&m olwdkYonf touf&Sifaom bk&m;ocif\ om;rsm;
jzpfonf}} [l ac:jcif; cHMuvdrfhrnf [l jzpf\/
9;19 ]]b,folonftvdkawmfudk wm;qD;cJhbl;oenf;}} if;rSm twnfwusjzpfysufcJhNyD;aom tjzpfrSefwpf&yf\
tusKd;qufrsm; qufuyfjzpfay:aejcif;udk txl;jyKonfh PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ (2&m
20;;6/ a,mb 9;12/ qmvH 135;6/ 'H 4;35)/ a0zefpmykHpH qufvufawGU&onf/ aygvk\ a0zefpmykHpHtm;
wuaA'enf;us em;vnfjcif;onf aygvk\ tawG;tm; tusOf;csKHU&efESifh em;vnfoabmayguf&ef
taumif;qkH;enf; jzpfonf/ tcef;BuD;\ ed'gef; c/ 1 Munfhyg/ bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfudk
297

tqifhESpfqifhjzifh jrifwwf&efvdkonf/ yxrtqifhrSm usqif;cJhNyD;aom vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm; a&G;EIwf&ef

tBuHtpnfawmfrsm; jzpfonf/ (urm 3;15) tBuHtpnfawmfrsm;udk vlom;wpfOD;wpfa,muf csif;\
a&G;cs,frIrsm;onf rxdcdkufEdkifacs/ odkYaomf tjcm;wbufwGif bk&m;ocifonf vlom;udk wefqmyvmtjzpf
tokH;jyK&ef a&G;cs,fxm;onf/ (xGuf 3;7-9 ESifh 10) vlrsm;udk rdrd\ pDrHcsufNyD;jynfhpkHap&ef a&G;cs,fonf
(tjyKoabmtwGuf arma&SESifh tzsufoabmtwGuf zgdk .... pojzifh)/
9;20-21/ pdwful;udk a[&Sm, 29;16/ 45;9;13/ 64;8 ESifh a,&d 18;1-12 wdkYrS &,ljcif; jzpfonf/
vlom;onf ajrrIefYrS vmjcif;jzpfojzifh (urm 2;7) bk&m;ocifudk zefqif;&Siftjzpf azmfjy&ef YHWH tm;
tkd;xdef;onftjzpf wifpm;azmfjyavh&Sdonf/ aygvkonf zefqif;&Sif\ tcsKyftcsmtmPmawmfudk olwyg;
em;vnfoabmayguf&ef &Sif;jy&m ar;cGef;okH;ck okH;avh&Sdonf/ yxrqkH; ESpfrsKd;rSm tcef;i,f 20 &SdNyD;?
wwd,wpfrsKd;rSm tcef;i,f 21 &Sdonf/ aemufqkH; ar;cGef;udk tjyKoabmtwGuf arma&Sudk a&G;cs,fum?
tzsufoabmtwGuf zgkdtm; a&G;cs,f&m tvm;wl jyefawGU&onf/ uJhodkY tvm;wl
qefUusifbuftwJGrsm;udk atmufygwdkYudkvnf; awGU&onf/
1/ Zuf - a&Sarv i,f 8-9/
2/ ,mukyf - {aom i,f 10-12/
3/ tpa&;vlrsdK;ESifh {'HkvlrsdK; i,f 13/
tvm;wlqifwlrIonfaygvk
xdktcsdef&ifqdkif&aomtajctaejzpfonfh,HkMunfolESifh
r,HkMunf
ol*sL;vlrsdK;wdkYudkxif[yfaponf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\ tjyKoabma&G;tyfcs,frIudk ,HkMunfolwpfyg;
trsdK;om;rsm;tm; a&G;cs,frIjzifh aemufqHk;azmfjyoGm;onf/ (i,f 24-29? 30-33)!
o'gzGJUpnf;yHkt&m arQmfvifhonfrSm
1/ ti,f 20 ygar;cGef;twGuftajz ]] r}}
2/ ti,f 21 ygar;cGef;twGuf tajz ]][kwf}} jzpfonf/

298

9;22 ]]vQif^ygu}} 4if;rSmwpfpdwfwpfydkif; FIRST CLASS CONDITIONAL jzpfNyD;pma&;ol

tjriftrSef[krSwf,lxm;jcif;jzpfaomfvnf; o'genf;usxdkodkY,wdjywfrajymEdkifacs/ ti,f22-24
rSm*&dusrf;0guswpfckwnf;jzpfonf/ ti,f 22onf bk&m;ocif\a&G;EIwfaomMuiftifvuPm
jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfw&m;rQwaomt&Sifjzpfonf/ olonfvlom;wkdYtm;rdrdwdkYtjyKtrItoD;
oD;twGufwm0efudk,fpD,laponf/ odkYaomfudk,fawmfonf*kPm&Sifvnf;jzpfonf/ vlom;tm;vHk;
aoqHk;xdkufolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ (1;18-3;21)/ w&m;rQwrIrSmowif;aumif;r[kwfacs/ bk&m;ocif
\MuiftifvuPmrSmtrsufa'gor[kwfbJrlvtm;jzifh*kPmjzpfonf/ (w&m; 5;9-10/ 7;9/
a[ma&S 11;8-9)/ ola&G;cs,forQrSma&G;EIwfjcif;twGufjzpfonf/ (a,Z 36;22-33)/ olonf
tjypfESifh jynfhaomvlom;ay:onf;cHawmfrlonf/ (a,Z 18)/ olonfrdrd\a&G;EIwfjcif;tBuH
tpnfawmftwGuf qdk;oGrf;rIudkyiftoHk;jyKonf/ (Oyrm pmwef? zgdk? tifa':&NrdKUrSpkef;rBuD;?tmI&d
vlrsdK;rsm;? aeAkc'faeZm? ukkrif;ESifh a&mrtcef;BuD; 11 ur,HkMunfaomtpa&;ponfwkdYjzpfonf)!

NASB ]]trsuf a wmf x if & S m ;apvd k } }
NKJV ]]trsuf a wmf j yo&ef v k d v m;}}
NRSV ]]trsuf a wmf j yo&ef q E & S d } }
TEV ]]trsuf a wmf j yo&ef v d k v m;cJ h } }
NJB ]]trsuf a wmf j yo&ef tqif o if h j zpf } }
bk&m;ocifonfrdrdtrsufawmfudkxif&Sm;apjcif;rSm rdrdwefcdk;awmf(i,f22)ESifh rdrd\bkef;
awmf<u,f0rI (i,f 23) ESpfrsdK;pvHk;od&SdapvkdaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\tjyKtrIrsm;onf
a&G;EIwfjcif;twGuf tBuHtpnfawmf\tpdwftydkif;rsm;jzpfavh&Sdonf/ (r,HkMunfjcif;ESifh tjypftm;
aemufqHk;z,f&SmrD;zkwf&mt&yfi&J Gehenna rSy)
]]trsufawmf cH tdk ;rsm;}} a0g[m&onf ti,f 20ESifh 21 rS&GHUap;tm;jzifhwifpm;azmfjyrI
\tqufjzpfonf/ 4if;onfrdrd\a&G;EIwfjcif;tpDtpOfawmftwGuf bk&m;ocifaemufxyf toHk;jyK
aomr,HkMunfolvlom;rsm;udk &nfTef;aMumif;xif&Sm;onf/

NASB, NKJV ]]jyif q if a om}}
NRSV ]]vk y f a om}}
TEV ]]ao'Pf c srS w f c H c J h a om}}
NJB ]]&nf & G , f x m;cJ h a om}}
4if;rSm PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ pum;vHk;udk (Moulton and
Milligan) wdkY\aypmaypmwpfpHkw&mtm;4if;\tjynfht0uHMurmtwGufjyifqifxm;jcif;twGuf
oHk;onf/ ykefuefaomr,HkMunfolonf 4if;twGufw&m;rQwaomtusdK;qufrsm;&&Sdrnfhae&Sdvdrfh
rnf/ rnfodkYjzpfapbk&m;ocifonfrdrd\ydkrdkus,fjyefYaomtm;vHk;udkNcHKaomrdrd\a&G;EIwf&ef&nf&G,f
csuftm; NyD;pD;ap&ef r,HkMunfolrsm;udk toHk;jyKbkdYa&G;cs,fcJhonf/
M.R. Vincent, Word Studies \twGJ 2 ajymonfrSm ]]bk&m;ocifzsufpD;jcif;cH&efroifh
awmfaomfvnf;if;\emr0daooet"dyg,frSmzsufpD;jcif;twGuftqifoifhjzpfaeonf? rSnfhaeonf
[ljzpfNyD;? ,cifujyKcJhNyD;aomt&m\vuf&Sdt&mjzpfaMumif; participle ujyaeaomfvnf;rnfodkY
rnfykHjyKcJhaMumif;t&dyft>rwfyifrazmfjyacs/}} (P 716)
299

 ]]zsufpD;jcif;}} txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ 3;3 Munfhyg/
9;23 ]]ukPmawmfcHtkd;rsm;tm;rdrd\bk ef;awmf<u,f 0yHkud kodap&ef}} &nf&G,faMumif;jyaom
0gustydkif;onfbk&m;ocif\xm0&BuH&G,fcsuf(ukPmawmf)udkjyonf/ Bud,mrSm AORIST SUBJUNCTIVE jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\<u,f0rItm;a,IudkapvTwfawmfrljcif;tm;jzifhjyonf/!
aygvk&nfGef;avh&Sdaom<u,f0rIrsm;rSm
1/ oem;Muifemawmfrljcif;? pdwf&Snfonf;cHawmfrljcif; a&mr 2;4/
2/ ukPmawmfcHtkd;rsm;tay:rdrd\bkef;awmf<u,f0rI a&mr 9;23/
3/ rdrd\aus;Zl;awmf {zuf 1;7/
4/ rdrdtarGawmf\bkef;wefcdk; 1;18/
5/ uRefawmfwdkYtm;c&pfawmftxJ oem;Muifemonfhaus;Zl;awmf {zuf 2;7/
6/ wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;twGuf c&pfawmf {zuf 3;8/
7/ rdrd\bkef;wefckd;awmf {zuf 3;16/
8/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;Mum;xJ bkef;wefck;awmf\vQdKU0SufeufeJrl/ 4if;rSm bkef;BuD;jcif;udk
arQmfvifhjcif;jzpfaom? oifwkdYtxJ&Sdc&pfawmfjzpfonf aum 1;27/
]]csD;ajrmufjcif;cH&efBudKwifjyifqifaom}} ormw&m;udkyif a&mr 8;29-30 ESifh {zuf
1;4? 11 wkdYazmfjyonf/ tcef;BuD; 9 onfbk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPmtm;azmfjy&m
"ropfusrf;xJwGiftjyif;xefqHk;jzpfonf/ zefqif;jcif;ESifh a&G;EIwfjcif;udkbk&m;ocift<uif;rJhwm0ef
ay;tyfrIrSmtjiif;yGm;p&mtaMumif;r&Sdacs/! BuD;rm;aomorm
w&m;udkrnfolrQaysmhaysmif;
oGm;ap
vdrfhrnfr[kwfacs/
rnfodkYjzpfaprdrdoPmefawmfjzifhzefqif;aomvlom;rsm;ESifh
qufqHjcif;enf; vrf;wpfcktjzpf y#dnmOfw&m;rsm;jyK&ef a&G;cs,fawmfrljcif;onf4if;ESifh
o[mZmwjzpfap&ayrnf/ "ra[mif;usrf;y#dnmOfw&m;rsm;jzpfonfh urmOD; 9; 8-17 ESifh 15;1221 wkdYuJhodkYaomftcsdKU "ra[mif;acwfw&m;rsm;onfcRif;csufrJhjzpfum vlom;\ wm0efvHk;0
ryg0ifaomfvnf; tcsdKYy#dnmOf w&m;rsm; ({'if? aem{? arma&S? 'g0dwf) onfvlom;\
wHkYjyefrItm; cRif;csuftjzpfxm;&Sdonf/ bk&m; ocifrdrd\ zefqif;jcif;tm; a&G;EIwf&ef
tpDtpOfwpfck&Sd&m? pDpOfrIudkrnfonfhvlom;urS xdckduf apEdkifrnfr[kwfacs/ bk&m;ocifonf
rdrd\ pDrHcsufrsm;txJyg0ifcGifhjyKrnfh wpfOD;csif;aomyk*dKvfwkdY udka&G;cs,fonf/ yg0if&ef
tcGifhxl;onf tcsKyftcsmtmPm (tcef;BuD; 9) ESifh vlom;\ vGwfvyf aomqE (a&mr 10)/
ESpfckMum;tjcm;"roabmw&m;qdkif&mwif;rmrIwpfckjzpfonf/
ormusrf;pmawmfvmwif;rmrIwpfzufudk a&G;,lum? tjcm;wpfzufaomwif;rmrIudkvpfvsL
I&efrSmoifhavsmfvHkavmufrIr&Sdacs/ ta&SUwdkif;om;rsm;onf ormw&m;wpf&yfudka0zefpmyHkpHodkYr[kwf
wif;rmrIygaom twGJvkdufoabm jzpfhwifjyavh&SdMuojzifh ormusrf;pmygMo0g'wpfckESifh
wpfckMum; wif;rmrIrsm;&Sdaeonf/ 4if;rSmormw&m;rsm;udkrSefpDa&Tcsxm;onfESihfwlonf/
ae&mtod&cufcJaomvQdKU0Sufcsuf&SdonfrSmtrSefyif! r,HkMunfolrsm;udktrsufawmfcH&ef
(kataptiz) jyifqifxm;jcif;(i,f 22) ESifh ,HkMunfolrsm;udk csD;ajrmufcH&ef (proetoimaz) jyifqif
xm;rIrsm; (i,f 23) aygvkonfwwaA'enf;used*Hk;csKyfjcif;rjyKcJhacs/ bk&m;ocif\a&G;cs,frI
oufoufbJavm (0g)bk&m;ocif\a&G;cs,frIrSmvlwdkif;twGuf*kPmawmfay:tajcjyKaomfvnf;?
tcsdKUaomolwdkYonfxdkay;prf;rIudkjiif;y,fcJhMuavmh vlom;wdkYrdrdwdkY\tem*wftwGufyg0ifrI
wpfpHkwpf&m&SdMuoavm (9;30-10;21)/ 4if;ESpfbufpvHk;wGiftpGef;a&mufrIrsm;&Sdonf/ Augus300

Mo*wfpwif;-yJvm*D;&m;(pf) uREfkyf\tvdkt&y#dnmOfjyKjcif;oabmonf4if;tpGef;
ESpfzufpvHk;tm;bk&m;ocifay:txl;jyKjcif;jzifh aygif;pnf;oGm;aponf/ vlom;onfbk&m;ocif\
pjyKed'gef;ysdK;ay;jcif;tm;wHkYjyefrIjyKHkomwwfEdkifonf/ (a,m[ef 6;44?65)/ uREfkyf\oabmrSm
bk&m;ocif\pdkufawmfrSmpdwful;ayguf&mxvkyfjcif;r[kwfbJ? *kPmawmfESifhjynfh0jcif;jzpfonf/
olonfrdrd\oPmefawmftwdkif;zefqif;aom todw&m;&Sdol vlom;tm;vHk;vufurf;onf (urm
1;26?27)/ udpuRefawmftawmf'kua&mufygonf/ 4if;rSmt&Sdefwefcdk;BuD;rm;vSaomfvnf; tjzL
trJuJhodkYay:vGifxif&Sm;onf/ 4if;onfr,HkMunfol*sL;vlrsdK;udkpl;pdkufrIjzpfNyD;? 4if;aMumifhwpfyg;
trsdK;om;rsm;yg0ifvmonf/ (tcef;BuD; 11) odkYaomfbk&m;ocif\pdkufvuPmudkusrf;ykd'f
wpfckwnf;azmfjyonfr[kwfacs/
]]bk ef; wef cdk ;awmf}} 3;23 rSwfcsufMunfhyg/
9;24 bk&m;ocif\uwdawmf&nf&G,fcsufrSm tpa&;rsdK;EG,fxufydk us,fjyefYaMumif;tcef;i,f
azmfjyonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\*kPmawmfudkrdrd\a&G;cs,frIay:tajccHumjyoonf/ urmOD;
3;15 onfvlom;tm;vHk;ESifh oufqdkifonf/ (tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf urmOD; 12 rwdkifrcsif; *sL;
vlrdsK;[lr&Sdao;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/)/ tmjA[Hudkac:zdwfjcif;onfvlom;tm;vHk;ESifh qdkifonf/
urm 12;3 tpa&;tm;,Zfya&m[dwfrsm;\EdkifiHawmftjzpfac:zdwfjcif;onfvlom;tm;vHk;ESifh qdkif
onf/ (xGuf 19;5-6) 4if;rSmbk&m;ocifvQdKU0Sufxm;onfht&mjzpfaomfvnf; ,cktcgpHkvif jynfh0
pGmzGifhjycJhNyDjzpf\ ({zuf 2;11-3;13/ *vm 3;28/ aum 3;11)/
ti,f 24 &SdaygvktcdkiftrmjyKrIudk "ra[mif;tudk;tum;tcsdKUwdkYonf &Sif;vif;oGm;apvdrfh
rnf/ (i,f 25-29)/
1/ ti,f 25 - a[ma&S 2;23
2/ ti,f 26 - a[ma&S 1;10
3/ ti,f 27/ a[&Sm, 10;22 ESifh ^odkYr[kwf a[ma&S 1;10
4/ ti,f 28/ a[m&Sm, 10;23
5/ ti,f 29/ a[&Sm, 1;9
9;25-26 pmtquftpyfoabmt& usrf;ydk'frSm Septuagint (LXX) \a[ma&S 2;23
(qDavsmfatmifwpfpdwfwpfydkif;jyKonf) ESifh 1;10wkdYrS ,lxm;jcif;jzpfumajrmufydkif;tpa&;rsdK;EG,f
wpfq,fwkdYudk&nfTef;jcif;jzpfaomfvnf; a&mr 9;25-26 rlaygvkonf4if;udkwpfyg;trsdK;om;
rsm;tm;&nfTef;csuftjzpf,lxm;onf/ 4if;rSm"ropfusrf;a&;om;olwkdY "ra[mif;usrf;tm;oHk;yHk
oHk;enf;erlemjzpfonf/ olwkdYonftoif;awmftm;tpa&;udkay;aomuwdawmfrsm;\jynfhpHkrItjzpf
jrifMuonf/ (2aum 6;16/ wdwk 2;14/ 1ay 2;5-6)/ pmtquftpyfoabmt&a[ma&Susrf;\
usrf;ydk'fonf ,HkMunfjcif;r&Sdoltpa&;udkTef;onf/ bk&m;ocifonfkyfwkqif;wkudk;uG,fol
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ESifh tjypfvTwfawmfrljcif;onf kyfwkqif;wkudk;uG,folwpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;udkvnf; wpfaeYusvQif
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tine-Pelagius

NASB

(aemuf qH k;jyif qifaom) bmomjyef usrf ;/ / 9;27-29/

27

tpa&;ESifhqdkifa[&Sm,a<u;aMumfonfrSm ]]tpa&;trsdK;om;wdkYonfyifv,fork'&m
28
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rlum;bk &m;ocifonf rd rdajympum;udkajrBuD;ay:wGif tukeftpifESifhtvsiftjrefaqmif&Guf
301

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vd rhfrnf /
9;27
NASB, NKJV
NRSV, NJB ]]aomf v nf ; }}
TEV ]]vQif y if } }

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onf) jyKEdkifajctvm;tvm&Sdjcif;udkjyonf/
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Receptus onf Septuagint \a[&Sm, 10;23 tqHk;owfpum;pkwpfckjznfhpGufaomfvnf;4if;onf
a&S;a[mif;*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;jzpfonfh p46, Aleph, A ESifh B wkdYrygojzifh aemufydkif;wGif
usrf;pma&;ul;olwpfa,mufa,mufjznfhpGufvkdufjcif;jzpfaMumif;xif&Sm;onf/ UBS4 onfcsef
xm;rIudk ]] A}} (aocsm) tqifhowfrSwfonf/
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t"dyg,fav;eufay:vGifap&ef wrifcsJUum;azmfjyaomwifpm;oHk;EIef;jcif;rsdK;jzpfonf/ (urm 15;5/
22;17/ 26;4)/
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onf/ a0g[m&udkaygvkoHk;&m bk&m;ocifESifh ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh qufpyfrI&Sdaom*sL;vlrsdK;
rsm;ESifh ^odkYr[kwf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;udk Mum;odum? c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfjcif;jzifh wHkYjyefrIjyKol
rsm;udk&nfTef;onf/
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tenf;i,fwkdYuomvQifbk&m;ocifESifhrSefuefcJhMuonf/ tpa&;tm;a&G;aumufjcif;onfwpfpkwpf
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aygvkonf "ra[mif;usrf;pum;pkudk jynfESifh'PfcH*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;teuf ygvufpwdkif;odkY
jyefvmoltenf;i,fwdkYtm; yxrtpjyK&nfTGef;onf/ 4if;onf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;Mum;&olwkdY
ukd&nfTef;aomfvnf;trsm;pkwkdYonf c&pfawmfudkr,HkMunf rvufcHcJhMuacs/ yxr&mpkESpftwGif
Mum;cJh&ol (*sL;ESifh wpfyg;trsdK;) tenf;tusOf;wdkYuomvQifowif;aumif;udkwHkYjyefrIjyKcJhMuonf/
aygvkonfolwkdYudkt<uif;tusefrsm;[kac:onf/

302

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / t<uif;tusef t"dyg,foHk;rsdK;

"ra[mif;usrf;
]]opm&Sdaomt<uif;tusef}}
qdkonfhpum;&yfonf
ya&mzufrsm;xyfcg
wvJvJoHk;onfhtaMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfonf/
(txl;ojzifh
bDpD&Spf&mpkya&mzufrsm;ESifh a,&rd) 4if;udkt"dyg,foHk;rsdK;jzifhoHk;onf/
1/ jynfESif'PfcH&m usef&pfolrsm;(a[&Sm 10;20-23/ 17; 4-6/ 37;31-32/ a,&rd
42;15? 19/ 44;12? 14? 28/ tmrkwf 1;8)/
2/YHWH tay:qufvufopmapmifhodolrsm;/ (a[&Sm 4;1-5/ 11;11? 16? 28;5/
a,mv 2;32/ tmrkwf 5;14-15/ rdum 2;12-13/ 4;6-7/ 5;7-9/ 7; 18-20)/
3/tem*wfumvjyefvnfqef;opfapjcif;ESifh jyefvnfzefqif;&myg0ifMuaomolrsm;
(tmrkwf 9;11-15)/
usrf;ydk'frl bk&m;ocifonf*sL;'jynfodkYjyefvm&eft<uif;tusef (jynfESifh cH&mrS
touf&Sifusefaeao;ol) tcsdKUwkdYudkomvQif (tm;wwfoa&mopm&Sdol) a&G;cs,fonf/
tcef;BuD;txJapmapmuawG;cJhMuonfhtwdkif; tpa&;\ vGefcJhaom umvrsm;xyfcg wvJvJ
ay:aygufcJhonfh taMumif;t&mrSm bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ wefckd;awmfaxmufyHhrIESifh
apmifha&SmufrIudkjyo&eft&nft wGufudkavsmhcs avh&Sdonf [laomtcsufjzpf\/ (*da'gif
w&m;olBuD; 6-7)/

9;28
NASB ]]tuk e f t pif E S i f h

tvsiftjref}}
NKJV ]]NyD ; pD ; ... wd k a wmif ; aponf } }
NRSV ]]tvsif t jref E S i f h t NyD ; tyd k i f } }
TEV ]]ol Y t rI u d p t jynf h tpH k u d k v sif j ref p G m ajz&S i f ; }}
NJB ]]aES m if h a ES ; jcif ; / Muef Y M umjcif ; r&S d } }
REB ]]tusOf ; csKH U ES i f h aemuf y d w f q H k ; jzpf v d r f h r nf } }
NIV ]]t&S d e f j zif h tqH k ; owf } }
NET ]]tjynf h t 0ES i f h tvsif t jref } }
*&dpum;vHk;ESpfvHk;yg0ifonf (aygvkpmrsm; sun aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm;oHk;aeusjzpfonf)
303

1/

Sunteln 4if;rSmatmufygpum;ESpfvHk;wdkY\ PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE

jzpfonf/

(u) sun
(c) tele t"dyg,frSm ]]NyD;pD;onfh}} odkYr[kwf ]]tjynfht0oabmaygufonf}}
[ljzpf\/ (rmuk 13;4/ vkum 4;2?13/ wref 21;27/ a[NAJ 8;8)
suntemnn 4if;rSmatmufygpum;vHk;ESpfvHk;\ PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
2/
jzpfonf/
(u) sun
(c) temn t"dyg,frSm ]] wdkawmif;aponf}} (0g) ]]vsefjrefpGmaqmif&Gufonf/}}
(ae&momawGU&aomfvnf; qufpyfrIyHkpHwpfck wref 24;4 awGU&onf/)
toHk;tEIef;rsdK;pum;vHk;\Zpfjrpf (0g) tvm;wlusrf;ydk'frsm;tm;jzifhtaxmuftulrjzpf
bJpmtquftpyftaMumif;t&moabmtm;jzifhom em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifonf/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ppfrSefaomvlrsm;udku,fwif&efESifh tjcm;olrsm;tm;vHk;w&m;pD&if&ef
&nf&G,fcsufESifh pDrHcsuf&Sdonf/
aemufydkif;usrf;pma&;ul;olwdkYonf 4if;\t"dyg,ftjzpfrdrd,lqonfhtwdkif;ay:vGifap&ef
pum;pkrsm;jznfhpGufvmcJhMuojzifhtcef;i,frSm teufzGifh&efcufcJonf/ UBS4 onftwdkqHk;yHkpH
tm; ]]A}} (aocsm) toifhowfrSwfonf/
9;29 4if;rSm LXX \a[&Sm, 1;9 rSudk;um;aomtpa&; trsdK;om;rsm;tjypfESifh jynfhaeyHktm;aMumf
jimjcif;jzpfonf/
]]aumif ;uif Adk vfajct&Sifxm0&bk&m;}} 4if;rSm YHWH twGuf"ra[mif;usrf;\ bGJUemrawmf
wpfrsdK;jzpfum t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;rsm; ]] LORD of hosts}} [kyg&Sdavh&Sdonf/ (,mukyf 5;4)/
usrf;pum;tquftpyfudkvkdufum a0g[m&onfbk&m;ociftm;ppfa&;oabmjzifh&nfGef; um
]]aumif;uifbHkwyfrawmfrsm;\AdkvfcsKyfrif;}} (a,mI 5;13-15) odkYr[kwftkyfcsKyfa&; t"dyg,f
jzifhoHk;jcif;jzpfNyD; AmAkvkefvlrsdK;wdkY\Mu,fwm&mESifh ewfbk&m;trsm;wkdYtm;udk;uG,frIESifh qufpyf
um ]]aumif;uifbHkt&Sifrsm;\ocif}} Lord of the heavenly bodies [ljzpfEdkifonf/ Mu,fwm
rsm;onfzefqif;cHt&mrsm;jzpfumbk&m;rsm;r[kwfMuacs/ 4if;wdkYonftjzpftysufrsm;udkzefwD;jcif;?
xdef;csKyfjcif;rjyKMuacs (urm 1;16/ qmvH 8;3/ 147;4/ a[&Sm, 40;26)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;emrawmfrsm;/
u/ E/ tJvf - E/ (BDB 42. KB 48)
1/ a&S;a[mif;a0g[m& trsdK;tpm;qdkif&mbk&m;-deity \ rlvteuft"dyg,frSm aocsm&Sif;
vif;jcif;r&Sdacs/ tcsdKUynm&Sifrsm;url Akkadian pum; ]]oefrmonf (0g) wefcdk;BuD;
onf}} rSqif;oufonf[kqdkMuonf (urmOD;17;1/ awmvnf23;19/ w&m;a[m
7;21/ qmvH50;1)/
2/ cgeefvlrsdK;rsm;\bk&m;ausmif;uefrsm;tjrifhbk&m;rSm EI jzpfonf/ (Ras Shamra
usrf;ydk'frsm;)
3/ ormusrf;pmxJ EI udkwjcm;a0g[m&rsm;ESifh rwGJzufacs/ atmufygwGJzufrIrsm;onf
bk&m;ocif\pdkuftm;azmfjyonf/

304

 tJvf - {vDtGef (tjrifhqHk;aombk&m; BDB 42 & 751II)? urmOD;

14;18-22/ w&m;a[m32;8/ a[&Sm,14;14/
(c)
EI Roi (]]jrifhaombk&m;}} (0g) ]]olUudk,folzGifhjyaombk&m;}} BDB 42 &
909)? urmOD;16;13/
(*) EI Shaddai ( ]]wefcdk;tBuD;qHk;bk&m;}} (0g) ]]tvHk;pHkaom *kPm&Sif
bk&m;}} (0g) ]]awmifay:bk&m;}} BDB 42 & 994)? urmOD; 17;1/ 35;11/
43;14/ 49;25/
{zuf 6;3/
(C) EI Olam (xm0&bk&m;}} BDB 42 & 761)? urmOD; 21;33/
a0g[m&onf 'g0d'ftm;ay;onfh bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmf2"r 7;13? 16
ESifh "rynmoabm t&qufpyfonf/
(u)

EI Elyon

(i)

EI Berit

(]]y#dnmOfw&m;\bk&m;ocif}} BDB 42 & 136)? w&m;olBuD; 9;46/

4/ EI udkatmufyga0g[m&rsm;ESifh wef;xlxm;onf?
(u) YHWH qmvH85;8/ a[&Sm,42;5/
(c) Elohim urmOD; 46;3/ a,mb5;8/ ]]igonfoifhzcif\ EI jzpfol Elohim jzpf
onf/}} (I am EI, the Elohim of your father )
(*) Shaddai urmOD; 49;25/
kd wfo)l / xGu3f 4;14/ w&m;a[m
(C) ]]tjypf&o
dS nf[x
k ifv,
G o
f }l } (jealousy-o0efww
4;24/ 5;9/ 6;15/
(i) ]]ukPm}} w&m;a[m4;31/ ae[rd9;31/
(p) ]]wefckd;BuD;aMumufrufbG,fjzpfaom}} w&m;a[m7;21/ 10;17/ ae[rd 1;5/
9;32/ 'Ha,v9;4/
(q) oAkwOmPfawmf&Sif? 1"r 2;3/
(Z) ]]ig\cdkifcHhaomcdkvIH&m}} 2"r 22;33/
(ps) ]]ightwGufudk,fpm;acsay;ol}} 2"r 22;48/
(n) ]]oefY&Sif;awmfrlol}} a[&Sm,5;16/
(#) ]]wefcdk;BuD;awmfrlol}} a[&Sm,10;21/
(X) ]]uREfkyf\u,fwifjcif;}} a[&Sm,12;2/
(!) ]]BuD;jrwfwefcdk;awmfESifhjynfhpHkol}} a,&rd32;18/
(O) ]]tusdK;tjypfudkay;ol}} a,&rd51;56/
5/ "ra[mif; bk&m;ocif\emrnftm;vHk; a,mI 22;22 waygif;wnf;awGU&onf/
(EI, Elohim, YHWH ESpfcgxyfazmfjyonf/)
c/ Elyon (BDB 751, KB 832)
1/ 4if;\tajccHt"dyg,frSm ]]jrifhaom}} ]]csD;ajrmufxm;aom}} (0g) ]] jrifw
h ifxm;aom}}
[ljzpfonf/ (urmOD; 40;17/ 3"r9;8/ 4"r18;17/ ae[rd 3;25/ a,&drd 20;2/
36;10/ qmvH 18;13)/

305

2/ 4if;udkbk&m;ocif\tjcm;aombGJUemrtawmfrsm;rsm;ESifhtvm;wltoHk;jyKonf/
(u) Elohim - qmvH47;1-2/ 73;11/ 107;11/
(c) YHWH - urmOD; 14;22/ 2"r 22;14/
(*) EI - Shaddai - qmvH91;1?9/
(C) EI - awm24;16/
(i) Elah - 'Ha,v2-6 ESifh {Z7 4-7 wdkY'Ha,v3;26/ 4;2/ 5;18? 21 wdkY&Sdonfh
illair (Aramaic tm&rd-BuD;jrifhaombk&m;)ESifh qufpyfoHk;avh&Sdonf/
3/ tpa&;r[kwfolrsm;tjzpfvnf; rMumcPoHk;Muonf/
(u) arvcdZ'uf urmOD; 14;18-22/
(c) Amvrf awm24;16/
(*) w&m;32;8 wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;ajym&m arma&StoHk;jyKonf/
(C) "ropfusrf;\vkumc&pf0ifusrf;wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;pma&;&m4if;ESifh t"dyg ,f
wl*&dpum; Hysistos toHk;jyKonf/ (1;32? 35? 76/ 6;35/ 8;28/ wref7;48/
16;17)/
*/ Elohim (trsm;jyudef;) Eloah (tenf;jyudef;)/ rlvtm;jzifhuAsmtvFmrsm;oHk;onf/
(BDD 43, KB 52)/
1/ a0g[m&udk "ra[mif;jyifyrawGU&acs/
2/pum;vHk;onftpa&;wdkY\bk&m;ocif(0g) wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;\ bk&m;rsm;tm;
Gef;qdkEdkifonf/ (xGuf12;12/ 20;3)/ tmjA[H\rdom;pkrsm;onfewfbk&m;trsm;
udk;uG,folrsm;jzpfonf/ (a,mI24;2)/
3/ tpa&;w&m;olBuD;rsm;tm;Tef;qdkjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (xGuf21;6/ qmvH82;6)/
4/ Elohim a0g[m&udktjcm;emrf0dnmOfrsm; (aumif;uifwrefrsm;? ewfqdkrsm;)ESifh qdkif
vnf; w&m; 32;8 (LXX) qmvH 8;5/ a,mb 1;6/ 38;7 wdkYrSmuJhodkYtoHk;
jyKonf/
5/ ormusrf;pm4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\ yxrqH;k bGUJ emrawmfjzpfonf/(urmOD; 1;1)/
4if;udkurmOD; 2;4 YHWH ESifh yl;wGJroHk;rDtjcm;pum;vHk;ESifh ra&mbJoD;oefY
oHk;onf/ 4if;onftajccHtm;jzifh^"roabmw&m;t& bk&m;ociftm;zefqif;
ol? xdef;csKyfolESifh urmN*dKvfay:ow0gtm;vHk;tm;axmufyHholtjzpf&nf
Tef;onf/ (qmvH104)/
4if;onf EI ESifh t"dyg,fqifwlonf (w&m;32;15-19)/ 4if;onf qmvH
14 (Elohim) rSmuJhokdY YHWH ESifhtvm;wljzpfEdkifonf/ bk&m;bGJUemrrsm;
ajymif;vJvdkufjcif;uvTJvQif 4if;rSm qmvH 53 (YHWH) ESifhtwdtuswlonf/
6/ 4if;onftrsm;jyudef;jzpfumtjcm;bk&m;rsm; oHk;aomfvnf;a0g[m&onf
tpa&;\bk&m;ociftm;Gef;qdkavh&Sdonf/ odkYaomfbk&m;wpfqlwnf;tm;azmf
Gef;&eftenf;jyBud,moHk;avh&Sdonf/

306

7/ a0g[m&tm;bk&m;\ emrawmftjzpftpa&;r[kwo
f rl sm;\EIwfrv
S nf;xGuf
avh&SdaMumif;awGU&onf/
1/ arvcdZ'uf/ urmOD; 14;18-22
2/ Amvrf/
awm24;2
3/ w&m; 32;8 wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;ajymonfhtcgarma&StoHk;jyKonf/
8/ tpa&;wkdY\wpfqlwnf;aom bk&m;twGufemrnf trsm;jyudef;jzpfaejcif;rSm
xl;qef;onf/ aocsmr[kwfaomfvnf;oDtdk&DtcsdKU&Sdonf/
(u) a[NAJwYkd txl;jyKazmfjyjcif;twGuftrsm;jyude;f trsm;tjym;toH;k jyK
Muonf/ 4if;onfaemufydkif;ay:vmonfha[NAJo'goabmw&m;
wpfrsdK;jzpfaom ]]cefYnm;x,f0gjcif;\ trsm;ude;f rsm;}}qdo
k nft
h &m
ESirhf sm;pGmeD;pyfonf/ 4if;oabmtrsm;jyudef;rsm;udt
k ,ltqwpfck
tm;tus,fcsJU&ef? csJUum;azmfjy&eftoHk;jyKonf/
(c) 4if;onfaumif;uifbHkbk&m;ocifqifhac:onfh
rdrd\qifhqdkrltm;vdkufem aqmif&Gufaom aumif;uifwrefrsm;
nDvmcHudk&nfGef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf (3"r 22; 19-23/ a,mb
1;6/ qmvH 82;1/ 89;5? 7)/
(*) 4if;onfyk*dKvfoHk;yg;aygif; bk&m;wpfqltaMumif; "ropfusrf;
zGifhjyrI
udkxif[yfjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
urmOD;
1;1
bk&m;ocifzefqif;onf/ urmOD; 1;2 0dnmOfawmfvIyf&Sm;um
"ropfusrf;
a,Ionfcrnf;
awmf\
zefqif;jcif;
wefqmyvmjzpfonf (a,m[ef 1;3? 10/ a&mr 11; 36/ 1aum
8;6/ aum 1;15/ a[NAJ 1;2/ 2;10)/
C/ YHWH (BDB 217, KB 394)
1/
4if;rSmbk&m;ociftm;y#dnmOfw&m;jyKol? u,fwifol? a&G;EIwfol?
bk&m;tjzpfay:vGifapaombGJUemrjzpfonf/
vlom;onfy#dnmOfw&m;
rsm;udck sdK;azmufaomfvnf;bk&m;ocifrSmrlrrd ad jympum;?
rdrd\uwdawmf? rdrdy#dnmOf w&m;ay:opm&Sdonf/ (qmvH103)/
emrudk Elohim ESifh aygif;pyfyxrqHk;urmOD; 2;4
azmf jyonf/ urm 1-2 zefqif;jcif; rSwfwrf; ESpfck&Sdjcif;
r[kwfbJ? txl; jyKjcif;ESpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ (1) kyf0wKydkif;qkdif&m
pBuFm0|m zefqif;olbk&m; tjzpfESifh (2) bk&m;ocif tm;vlow0g
zefqif;oltjzpftxl;azmfjyonf/ urm 2;4-3;24 onfvlom;\
txl;tcGifhta&;&aom taetxm;ESifh olYtm;zefqif;jcif;\
&nf&G,fcsuf enf;wltjypfjyemESifh ykefuefrIonf twktEdIif;
uif;aomtaetxm;ESifh wGJzufaMumif;tm;pwifzGifhjyonf/
307

urm 4;26 ]]vlrsm;onfxm0&bk&m;\emrawmfudktrSDjyKudk;uG,f

pjyKMuav\}} (YHWH) [kqdkonf/ odkYaomfy#dnmOfcHueOD;vlrsm;
onf(bdk;ab;rsm;ESifh olwdkY\rdom;pkrsm;) bk&m;ocifudk EI Shaddai
tjzpfomvQifod&SdcJhMuaMumif;xGuf 6;3 t&od&Sd&onf/
YHWH emrawmfudkxGuf3;13-16 txl;ojzifh ti,f14wpf
BudrfomvQif&Sif;vif;xm;onf/ rnfodkYjzpfap arma&Sa&;aompmrsm;rl
pum;;vHk; rsm;tm; vlodrsm;aom pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh upm;um &Sif;vif;avh&Sd
NyD;pum; vHk;rsm;\rlvukdpdppfavhvmjcif;oabmrsdK;roHk;acs/ (urm 17;5/
27; 36/ 29;13-35)/ bGJUemrawmf\ t"dyg,ftwGuf oDtdk&D
tawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdonf/ (IDB, Vol 2, pp.409-11) rS&,lonf/
(u) tm&yfrl&if;pum;rSqif;oufvmNyD; ]]jyif;jyaomarwmjy&ef}}
(c) tm&yfrl&if;pum; ]]wdkufcwfonf (YHWH tm;rkefwdkif;bk&m;tjzpf)
(*) Ugartic ,l*g;wpfac:cgeefpum;rSqif;oufNyD;]]ajymqdkonf}}
(C) zdek D;&Se;f uAnf;ausmufpmwpfckt& ]]qufvufwnf&adS eapol}} (0g)
]]wnfNrJapol}}
(i) a[NAJ Qal Bud,myHkpH ]]&Sdaeol}} (tem*wftjrif ]]&SdaeOD;rnfol}})
(p) a[NAJ Hiphi Bud,myHkpH ]]jzpfay:apol}}
(q) a[NAJrl&if; (urm 3;20) ]]touf&Sifonf}}/ t"dyg,frSm
]]tNrJtouf&Sifol}} ]]wpfyg;wnf;touf&Sifaeol}}
(Z) xGuf3;13-16 &]]igonfjzpfaeustwdkif;qufvufjzpfaernf}} (0g)
]]igonf^jzpfcJh,ckwdkif^jzpfaeonfhtwdkif;qufvuf^jzpfaernf}}
(J.Wash Watt, A Survey of Syntax in the Old Testament, p.67) YHWH
\emrnftjynfhtpHkudktwdkaumufjzifh (0g) jzpfEdkiforQrl&if;yHkpHtm;jzifh
azmfjyavh&o
dS nf/
(1) Yah (Oyrm Hallelu-yah, BDB 219, xGuf15;2/ 17;16/
qmvH 89;9/ 104;35)
(2)
Yahu (iah ESifhqHk;aomemrnfrsm;/ Oyrm- Isaiah)
(3)
Yo (Jo ESifhpaomemrnfrsm;/ Oyrm- Joshua (or) Joel)
2/

3/
*sL;bmom
aemufydkif;umvrsm;wGif
y#dnmOfcHemrawmfrSm
oefY&Sif;vGef; ojzifh? xGuf20;7/ w&m; 5;11/ 6;13 wkdYyg&Sdaom
ynwfcsufudkcsdK;azguf
&mra&mufap&ef*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;onf xdkemrawmfudk
rajym&JMuacs/ xdkYaMumifholwdkY onf ]]ydkif&Sif}} ]]q&mBuD;^master}} ]]cifyGef;onf}}
]]udk,fawmf}}- Lord [lt"dyg,f&Sdaoma[NAJpum;vHk; adon (0g) adonai
(uREfkyf\t&Sif) jzifh tpm;xdk;Muonf/ "ra[mif;usrf;zwf&if; YHWH
pum;vHk;ESifh wdk;rdaom tcgt&Sif (my Lord) [ktoHxGufMuonf/
xkdYaMumifht*Fvdyfbmomjyef usrf;rsm; YHWH udk LORD [lpmvHk;BuD;
rsm;jzifah &;om;jcif;jzpfonf/

308

4/

ESifhpyfvsOf; tpa&;wdkY\ y#dnmOfcHbk&m;ocif\xl;jcm;csuf

tcsdKUtm;tav;teufjyK&ef 4if;udktjcm;a0g[m&rsm;ESifh wGJzufavh&Sdonf/
wGJzufa0g[m&rsm;pGm&SdEdkifaomfvnf; ae&mwGiftcsdKUazmfjyygonf/
(u) YHWH- Yireh a,a[m0g;- ,d&,f, (YHWH onf
jyifqifay;vdrfhrnf/ BDB 217 & 906)/ urm 22;14/
(c) YHWH- Rophekha a,a[m0g;-a&myufcg (YHWH onfoifhtm;
a&m*gaysmufuif;apoljzpfonf/ BDB 217 & 950 ) xGuf15;26/
(*) YHWH- Nissi a,a[m0g;- edpd (YHWH onfig\atmifvHawmf
jzpfonf/ BDB 217 & 651) xGuf 17; 15/
(C) YHWH- Meqaddishkem (YHWH onfoifhtm;oefY&Sif;apoljzpf onf/
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311

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rdrd&Sdaom tvif;xJavQmufoGm;&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm;teufjyef&moifudk,fwdkiformusrf; pmESifh
0dnmOfawmfwYdk rSmy"getusqH;k jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmteufziG jhf cif; tvkyu
f t
kd eufzGiu
hf sr;f a&;olrsm;
tay:om yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
tcef;BuD;udw
k pfxikd w
f nf;ESihf zwfyg/ yg0ifonft
h aMumif;t&mrsm;owfrSwfazmfjyyg/
rdrd\taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;ig;usrf;wkdYESifh EdIif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'frsm;
onf0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&efaomhcsuf
jzpfonf/ 4if;rSmteufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonftaMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD;?
pmydk'ftaMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/
1/
yxrpmydk'f
2/
'kwd,pmykd'f
3/
wwd,pmydk'f
4/
---- pojzifh

usrf;pum;tquft pyfjzifhe m;vnfjcif;

u/

c&pfawmftxJ YHWH \aus;Zl;BuD;pGmay;prf;aomu,fwifjcif;udkwHkYjyefrIay;&ef tpa&;

\tcGifhaumif;rsm;taMumif;tcef;BuD; 10 wGifpl;pdkufonf/ urmudka&G;cs,f &ef&nf&G,f
csufaMumifh*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;udkbk&m;ocifa&G;cs,fjcif;taMumif;tcef;BuD; 9 aqG;aEG;onf/

315

(urm 3;15/ 12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6)/ odkYaomf*sL;rsm;onfbk&m;ocif\a&G;cs,frItm;

vufcH&efjiif;y,fcJhMuonf/ (y#dnOfw&m;tm;emcHjcif;/ w&m;a[m&m usrf; 27-29)/
c/
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm;azmfjy&ef aygvkonf"ra[mif;usrf;udk qufvufoHk;oGm;onf/
(tcef;BuD; 9 tm;usrf;pum;tquftpyfjzihfem;vnfjcif;eHygwf ]]i}} Munfhyg)/ 4if;rSm
wrefawmfusrf;wrefawmfrsm;a[maom w&m;a'oemrsm;\xl;jcm;rIjzpfum kerygma
(a[majymonfht&m) tjzpfod&Sdxm;Muonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / a[majymonfht
&m/ / 1;2 Munfhyg/
*/
9;30-10;4 \t"duormw&m;rsm;rSm
1/
wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;onfc&pfawmfudk,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifhbk&m;ocif\ajzmifh
rwfjcif;&Muonf/
2/
*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;onfc&pfawmfudkudk;pm;jcif;rjyKcJhMuojzifhbk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwf
jcif;r&Mu/
3/
ynwfw&m;awmfonf ajzmifhrwfjcif;ray;Edkif/ 4if;rSmc&pfawmfudkudk;pm;jcif;jyK&mrS
wqifhbk&m;ocifay;aom vufaqmifjzpfNyD;vlom;\ vkyfaqmifrIjzifhr&&SdEdkif
(3; 21-31)/
C/ Bruce Corley ESifh Curtis Vanghan wkdYa&;om;um Zondervan pmtkyfwdkufu xkwfa0onfh
A Study Guide Commentary, Romans, pp.115-116 *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;\tjypftaMumif;tusOf;
csKyfjcif;onftaxmuftuljyKygonf/
1/
bmoma&;rme/ 10;2 u
2/
0dnmOfrsufpduef;jcif;/ 10;2c?3u
3/
rdrdudk,frdrdajzmifhrwfapjcif;? 10;3c
4/
tavQmhray;pwrf;aomacgif;rmrI 10;4u
tcef;BuD; 10 taMumif;tcef;BuD; 9 tqHk;olwdkYay;oGm;onfhrSwfcsufrsm;udkuRefawmf
vnf;oabmusygonf/ ]]vuf0g;uyfwkdif taMumif;a[majymjcif; a&G;aumufrIjzpfay:onf/
(1ouf 1;4-10)/ bk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPmjzifhcdkifrmpGm (u) tumtuG,fjyKrIudk (9;6-29)
(c) tBuD;rm;qHk;omoemjyK&mpmykd'frsm;jzifhrnfuJhodkYvkdufEdkifaMumif; (*) aygvka&;onfhpmrsm;
(10;1-21)&Sif;vif;csufay;onf/ (C) (10;1-21) &Sif;vif;csufay;onf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;
a[m&eftjrifhrm;qHk;aomtrdefY rSmxdkodkYa[mjcif;jzifhbk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmftxJrdrda&G;aumuf
jcif;&nf&G,fcsufudkopm&SdpGm aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf[lod&Sdxm;jcif;jzpfonf}} (p.114)/
i/
tcef;BuD; 9 enf;wl? tcef;i,f 10 "ra[mif;usrf;rsm;pGmudk;um;xm;onf/
1/
ti,f 5-0wfjyK 18;5
2/
ti,f 6-w&m;a[m 30;12/ ed'gef;rSmw&m;a[m 9;4 qifwlonf
3/
ti,f 7-w&m;a[m 30;13 rSmqm 107;26 qifwlonf
4/
ti,f 8-w&m;a[m 30;14
5/
ti,f 11-a[&Sm, 28;16
6/
ti,f 13-a,mv 2;32
7/
ti,f 15-a[&Sm 52;7 (odkY) em[Hk 1;15
8/
ti,f 16-a[&Sm 53;1
316

9/
10/
11/
12/

ti,f 18-qmvH 19;4

ti,f 19-w&m; 32;21
ti,f 20-a[&Sm 65;1
ti,f 21-a[&Sm 65;2

pum;vHk;ES if hpum;pkrsm;avhvmjcif;
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om) bmomjyef u srf ; / / 10;1-4
1
nDtpfudkwdkYighpdwfESvHk;awmifhwrIESifh bk&m;ocifxHqkawmif;csufrSm olwdkYu,fwif
jcif;twGufjzpfonf/ 2olwdkYonfbk&m;ociftwGufpdwf" mwfjyif;jyMuaomfvnf; ynmtm;
3
jzifh r[k wf acs/ taMumif;rlum;bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfawmf rljcif;udkrodbJolwdkY\ ajzmifh
4
rwfjcif;wnfap&efBudK;pm;Muojzifhbk&m;ocif\ajzmif hrwfjcif;udkremcHMuacs/ taMumif;rl
um;,HkMunfolwdkif;ajzmifhrwf ap&efc&pfawmfonfynwfw&m;awmf\tqHk;jzpfownf;/
10;1 ]]nDtpfudkwdkY}} aygvkonfa0g[m&udktaMumif;t&mopfwpfcktpjyK&efoHk;avh&Sdonf/
(1;13/ 7;1?4/ 8;12)
]]ighpdwfESvHk;awmifhwrIESifhbk&m;ocifxHqkawmif;csufrSm olwdkY\u,fwifjcif;twGufjzpf
onf}} *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;u,fwifjcif;&EdkifaMumif;ESifh olwdkYtwGufqkawmif;ay;jcif;onfjcm;em;rIjzpfap
vdrfhrnf[kaygvk,HkMunfonf/ 4if;rSmBudKwifcefYxm;jcif;ESifhtHhtm;oifhp&mqefYusifbufjzpfonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif; 9;3 Munfhyg/ ]]olwdkYtwGuf}} pum;vHk;
vufa&;usrf;rluGJwpfck&Sdonf/ Textus Receptus onf ]]tpa&;twGuf}} [laompum;vHk;jzifh
tpm;xdk;onf/ odkYaomfvufa&;usrf;taxmuftxm;onf]]olwdkYtwGuf}} udkydkrdkrsufESmomay;
onf/ (MSS P46, Aleph, B, C, D, F, G) UBS4 onf4if;udk ]] A}} (aocsm)tqifh owfrSwfonf/
10;2 ]]olwdkYonfbk&m;ociftwGufpdwf"mwfjyif;xefaomfvnf;}} pdwf&if;rSefjcif;ESifhpdwfxuf
oefjcif;&SdHkjzifhrvHkavmufacs/ (i,f 3-4)/ taMumif;aygvkaumif;pGmod&Sdonf/ (wrefawmf
9;1/ *vm 1;14/ zd 3;6)
10;2-3 ]]....aomf vnf ;ynmtm;jzifh r[k wfacs/ taMumif ;rlum;bk &m;ocif \ajzmifhr wfawmf
rl jcif;udk rodbJ}} ae&mwGif]]odonf}} [laoma0g[m& (i,f 2 epiginsk) qdkvkdcsufESpfrsdK;
&SdEdkifonf/
1/
*sL;vlrsdK;wdkUonftcrJh{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;qdkonfudkem;rvnfMuacs/
(*&dtjriftm; jzifh ]]od}})
2/
*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;onfbk&m;ocifESifh,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhqufoG,frIr&SdMuacs/ (a[NAJt
jriftm;jzifh ]]od}}/ urm 4;1/ a,& 1;5)
*sL;vlrsdK;wdkYonf bk&m;ociftm;wHkYjyefrIjyK&efvkdtyfaMumif;rodolrsm;r[kwfMuacs/ (i,f
16?18?19) odkYaomfolwdkYonf,HkMunfjcif;udkvlom;\ vkyfaqmifrIESihftpm;xdk;vdkufMuonf/ xdkY
aMumifh4if;onfrme? 0ifh0grIESifhoD;oefY0g'jzpfvmonf/ (i,f 3)

317

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /

od&Sdonf (Oyrmtjypf w&m;a[m&musrf;

tm;oHk;avh&Sdonf/)

a[NAJpum; ]]od&Sdonf}} (BDB)t"dyg,ftawmfrsm;rsm; (ta&SUtv,fydkif;bmompum;) udk Qal

Bud,mtrsdK;tpm;awGU&onf/
1/
tqdk;taumif;em;vnfjcif; - urm 3;22/ w&m; 1;39/ a[&Sm 7;14-15/ a,me 4;11
2/
em;vnfjcif;tm;jzifhod&Sdjcif; - w&m; 9;2?3?6/ 18;21
3/
tawGUtBuHKtm;jzifhod&Sdjcif; - w&m; 3;19/ 4;35/ 8;2?3?5/ 11;2/ 10;10/ 31;13/
a,mI 23;14/
4/
pOf;pm;jcif; - w&m; 4;39/ 11;2/ 29;16
5/
vlyk*dKvftm;jzifhod&Sdjcif;
u/ vlyk*dKvfwpfa,muf - urm 29;5/ xGuf 1;8/ w&m; 22;2/ 33;9
c/
bk&m;wpfql - w&m; 11;28/ 13;2?6?13/ 28;64/ 29;26/ 32;17
*/
YHWH - w&m; 4;35?39/ 7;9/ 29;6/ a[&Sm 1;3/ 56; 10-11
C/ vdifrItm;jzifh - urm 4;1? 17? 25/ 24;16/ 38;26
6/
oif,laomuRrf;usifrI (0g) todynm - a[&Sm 29;11? 12/ tm 5;16
7/
ynm&Sdoljzpfjcif; - w&m; 29;4/ ok 1;2/ 4;1/ a[&Sm 29;24
8/
bk&m;ocif\todynm(u) arma&SESihfqdkif - w&m; 34;10
(c) tpa&;ESifhqdkif - w&m; 31;21/ 27;29
10;3 ]]bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;}} tcef;BuD; 9-11 t&od&onfrSm4if;pum;pkonf
bk&m;ocifonfrdrdESifhrSefuefaom&yfwnfcsuf&Sdapjcif; (a&mr 4) tm;&nfTef;NyD; xkdokdYvkyf
aqmif&jcif;rSm
1/rdrd\*&kPmawmfaMumifh
2/c&pfawmf\jyD;pD;cJhaomtvkyf
3/ tjypfjynfhaomvlom;\aemifw/ ,HkMunfjcif;onfwkefYjyefrIay;umqufvufemcH
umpGJjrJoGm;onf/
*sL;vlrsdK;wdkYonfbk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;udkrnfuJhodkUem;vnfrIvGJrSm;oGm;MuaMumif;
aumif;pGm oabmaygufem;vnfoabmaygufEdkifygonf/ "ra[mif;usrf;onf ynwfawmf
emcHjcif;udk tav;teufjyKonf/ (w&m;a[m 4;28-6;3?17?24-25)/ olwdkU *krjyK
rdcJhMuonfrSm,HkMunfjcif;ESifh aemifww&m;wdkYcsdefcGifvQmnDrQa&;jzpfonf/ (w&ma[m 5;2930?6;5)/ bk&m;ocifonftpa&; bufaeumvkyfaqmifjcif;rSmolwdkY\ajzifhrwfrIaMumifhr[kwfbJ?
rdrd\tusifhpdkufawmfaMumifhjzpf aMumif;w&m;a[m&musrf;Sif;vif;az:jyonf/ (9;6?7?13?24?27?
10;12-22/ a,Z 36;22-38)/ cgeefvlrsdK;rsm;udk ESifxkwfjcifonfyif olwdkU\tjypfaMumifhjzpfum

318

(9;4-6/ urm 15;16) tpa&;\ ajzifhrwfrIaMumifhr[kwfacs/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /

1;17Munfhyg/
]]bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;udkremcHMuacs}} Mud,mrSm AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE
jzpf aomfvnf; MODEL VOICE (TEV) tjzpfbmomjyefonf/ Koine Greek (t&yfoHk;*&dpum;)
MIDDlE VOICE \vkyfaqmifrIukdPASSIVE VOICE uxdef;csKyfonf/ usrf;pum;tquftpyf
oabmtm;jzifht"dyg,fqHk;jzwfonf/
emcH(submit)\vHk;aphywfapht"dyg,frSm twGJvdkufay;aomtrdefYwpfcktwGufoHk;onfhppf
a&;a0g[m&jzpfonf/ *sL;vlrsdK;wdkYonfbk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;udktvkyf^tusifhjzihf&&Sd&efBudK;
pm;cJhMuaomfvnf;4if;rSmvufaqmifjzpfaeacsonf/ (3;24/ 5;15/ 6;23/ {zuf 2;8-9)/ aygvk
onf ormw&m;udk'rowfNrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:&Sif;vif;pGmem;vnfvmcJhonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / emcHjcif ; (HUPOTASSO)

onfa0g[m&udkuGJjym;jcm;em;aom a[NAJpum;vHk;wpfq,ftm;
bmomjyef jcif;twGufoHk;onf/
4if;\"ra[mif;usrf;rlvt"dyg,frSm ]]trdefYay;onf}}
okdYr[kwf ]]trdefY\ tcGifhta&;^trdefYay;ydkifcGifh}} jzpfonf/ 4if;udkSeptuagint (LXX)
awGU&onfrSm1/
bk&m;ocifrdefYMum;onf/ (0wf 10;1/ a,me 2;1/ 4;6-8)
2/
arma&SrdefYMum;onf/ (xGuf 36;6/ w&m; 27;1)
3/
&Sifbk&ifrsm;rdefYMum;onf/ (2&m 31;13)
"ropfusrf; t"dyg,fjzifhqufvufoHk;&mwrefawmfwpfyg; trdefYay;&mwGif
wrefawmf10;48 awGU&onfhyHkpHjzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap"ropfusrf;t"dyg,fyGg;rsm;jzpfay:
vmonf/
1/
rdrd\pdwfqEt&vkyfaqmifrIoabmjzpfvmonf/ (MIDDLE VOICE jzifhawGU&
avh&Sdonf)
2/
odkYtrdrdudk,frdrduefYowfvkyfaqmifjcif;tm;a,Iucrnf;awmf
tm;emcH&mawGU&onf/(vkum 2;51)
3/
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm;tusdK;r,kwfap&ef,HkMunfolrsm;onf
,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk; pHrsm;tm;emcHjcif;
(u) tjcm;,HkMunfolrsm;({zuf 5;21)
(c) ,HkMunfolr,m;rsm;(aum 3;18/ {zuf 5;22-24/ wdwk 2;5/ 1ay
3;1)
(*) r,HkMunfoltpdk;&rsm;udk,HkMunfolrsm;emcHjcif;(a&mr 13;1-7/ 1ay
2;13)
,HkMunfolrsm;onfbk&m;ociftwGuf? c&pfawmftwGuf? bk&m;ocifEdkifiHawmftwGuf?
tjcm;olrsm;\aumif;usdK;twGufcspfjcif;arwmt&if;cHjzifhvkyfaqmifMuonf/(1)toif;awmf
onf (2) bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf ESifh (3) tjcm;olrsm;\vkdtyfcsufrsm; udktajccHum (4)
a0g[m&tm; (5) (t*y,fcspfjcif;arwm)enf;wl (6) topfaomt"dyg,f rsm;ESifhjynfh0
aponf/ trdefYaMumifhr[kwfbJrdrdudk,frdrday;tyfolbk&m;ocifESifh 4if;\ar&Sd,wdkYESifh topf
319
aomqufqHrIay:tajcjyKvsuf a0g[m&onf
jrifhjrwfaomtwtopfwpfrsdK;t"dyg,f
aqmifvmonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf wpfckvHk;\aumif;usdK;ESifhbk&m;ocif\ rdom;pkaumif;
csD;twGufepfemrIcHumqufuyfonf/
Septuagint

10;4
NASB, NKJV
NRSV ]]taMumif ; rS m c&pf a wmf o nf y nwf w &m;\tqH k ; jzpf \ }}

]]taMumif;rSmc&pfawmfonfy nwfw&m;udktqHk;owfcJhNyD}}
NJB ]]od k Y a omf , ck tcgynwf w &m;onf c &pf a wmf j zif h tqH k ; owf o d k Y a &muf c J h NyD } }
azmfjyrIonfrJ 5;17-18 ESifhwpfrsdK;wpfpm;wnf;jzpfonf/ ynwfw&m;awmf\&nf
&G,fcsufyef;wdkif(0g)tqHk; (telos) onfu,fwifjcif;r[kkwfbJoabmaygufapjcif;jzpfum?xkd&nf&G,f
csuftwdkif;qufvufoGm;onf/ (*v 3;24-25) taMumif;t&m\"ropfusrf;pHjyusrf;ydk'frsm;rSm
*v 3;1-29 ESifh a[NAJMo0g'pmwdkYjzpfonf/
taMumif;aqG;aEG;&musrf;pum;tquftpyfoabmjzifh tjywfqHk;jzwfcsuf,l&onf/
aygvkonf"ra[mif;usrf;udkenf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifhoHk;onf/ c&pf,meftoufwmtaMumif;aqG;aEG;onfh
tcg"ra[mif;usrf;rSmbk&m;ocif\zGifhjyrIjzpfonf/ (a&mr 15;4/ 1aum 10;6?11)/ odkYaomf
u,fwifjcif;taMumif;aqG;aEG;onfhtcgrl4if;rSmqdwfokOf;oGm; ukefqHk;cJhNyDjzpfonf/ (a[NAJ
8;13)/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf"ra[mif;usrf;rSmacwfa[mif;tm;wifpm;azmfjyrIjzpfonf/ a,ItxJ
,HkMunfjcif;ESifhqdkifaom{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;rSm0dnmOfawmf\acwfopfjzpfonf/
ynwfw&m;
awmf\acwfumvrSmukefvGefcJhayNyD/ txl;taMumif;t&m / /
ara&S\ynwfw&m;tay:
aygvk\tjrifudk 13;9 Munfhyg/
NASB, NKJV ]]taMumif ; rl u m;,H k M unf o l w k d i f ; ajzmif h r wf a p&ef } }
NRSV
]],HkMunfo lwdkif;twG ufajzmifhrwfjcif;&Sdap&ef}}
TEV
]],HkMunfo lwdkif;bk&m;ocifES ifh rSefuef ap&ef }}
NJB
]],HkMunfjcif;&Sdolwdkif;ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&&Sdap&ef}}
tcef;BuD; 9-11 udktm;vHk;aygif;teufjyef&ayrnf/ tcef;BuD; 9 jyif;xefpGmazmfjyonfh
bk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPmtm;txl;jyKjcif;udktcef;BuD; 10 ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;udkac:zdwf
jcif;ESifh twlwif;rmpGmpGJudkifxm;&ygrnf/(i,f 4?9?11?13/ 3;22/ 4;11?16)
vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk;udkbk&m;ocifcspfaMumif;ESifha&G;EIwf&ef&nf&G,fcsufudkurm 3;15 azmf
jyum urm 12;3 ESifh xGuf 19;5-6 wkdYjyif;xefpGmqkdvdkonf/ vlom;tm;vHk;ay:bk&m;ocif\
arwmawmfESifhvlom;xkwpf&yfvHk;tm;aygif;pnf;&efpDrHcsufukdya&mzufrsm;rMumcPa[mcJhMuonf/
bk&m;ocifwpfqlwnf;&Sdum vlom;tm;vHk;rdrdo@meftwkdif;zefqif;onf [laomtjzpfrSefonf
vlom;tm;vHk;u,fwifjcif;&&efac:zdwfrIjyKaponf/ rnfodkYjzpfapvsdKU0SufcsufrSm0dnmOfawmf\vkyf
aqmifrIryg&SdygurnfolrQwHkUjyefrIrjyKEdkif[laomtcsufjzpfonf/(a,m 6;44?65) 4if;aemufay:vm
onfhar;cGef;rSm]]bk&m;ocifonfvlwdkif;udku,fwifjcif;&&efqJGaqmifygoavm}} [ljzpfonf/ t
ajzrSm]][kwfygonf}} [ljzpf&ygrnf/ (a,m 3;16/ 4;42/ 1a,m 2;2/ 4;14/ 1wd 2;4/ 2ay 3;9)/
rMumcPay:vmaomtjypf\l;rdkufjcif;? usqif;jcif;ESifh pmwefwdkYurlxkd]]odkYr[kwf}}[kkqkdMuonf/
aygvkw&m;a[monfhtcg *sL;tcsdKUwHkYjyefcJhMuNyD;tcsdKUurlrwHkUjyefcJhMuacs/ wpfyg;trsdK;om;wdkY
vnf;xdkenf;wltcsdKUwHkUjyef? tcsdKUaomolwdkYurlwHkUjyefjcif;rjyKcJhMuacs/
TEV

320

]],HkMunfonf}} [laom*&dpum;vHk; (pisteuo) udkt*Fvdyfpum;vHk;rsm;jzpfonfh ]]believe}}

]]faith}} ESifh ]]trust}} oHk;rsdK;jzifhbmomjyefMuonf/ 4if;rSmypKyefumvjyBud,mjzpfNyD; qufvuf
,HkMunfoGm;jcif;udkac:onf/ 4if;rSmtjzpfrSefrsm;tm;todtrSwfjyKjcif;oufoufr[kwfbJ ("ro
abmw&m;? ordkif;0iftao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;? owif;aumif;Mum;&jcif; c&pfawmfrSwpfqifh
bk&m;ocifay;onfh vufaqmifudkvufcHjcif;jzpfonf/ "ropfusrf;rSmy#dnOfw&m;jzpfonf/ bk&m;
ocifonftpDtpOfcsrSwfumvkdtyfaomwHkUjyefrIrsm;tpcsDaomfvnf;? vlwpfOD;csif;wkdYonftpjyK
,HkMunfjcif;ESifhaemifwjzifhwHkUjyef&rnfjzpfNyD; qufvuf,HkMunfumaemifw&oGm;&efjzpfonf/ emcH
jcif;ESifhpGJNrJjcif;wdkYonf ppfrSefjcif;&Sdr&SdqHk;jzwfonf/ c&pfawmfESifhwlnDjcif;ESifhtrIawmfwdkYrSmyef;
wkid jf zpfonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / u,fwifjcif;twGufoHk;aom*&dBud,mrsm;\umvjyyk'frsm;/
u,fwifjcif;[lonfxkwfvkyfvdkufaomt&mr[kwfbJqufqHa&;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/
u,fwif jcif;rSmvlwpfa,mufc&pfawmfudkrdrd\udk;pm;&mjyKvdkufonfESifhNyD;oGm;onfr[kwfacs/
4if;rSmtpjyK vdkufjcif;rQomjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmrD;tmrcHoabmrsdK; (odkY) aumif;uifbHkrSm
aexdkif&efvufrSwfrQom r[kwfbJ/c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;BuD;xGm;aomtouf&Sifjcif;yHkpHjzpfonf/
tar&dueftqdkwpf&yf&Sd&m
ZeD;armifESHwkdYtdrfaxmifouf&vmonfESifhtrQ
kyfcsif;ydk
qifwlvm Muonf[ljzpf\/ 4if;rSmu,f wifjcif;\yef;wkdifwnf;/
NyD;pD;cJhNyD;aomvkyfaqmifrIwpfckjzpfonfhu,fwifjcif; ( AORIST )
- wrefawmf 15;11
- a&mr 8;24
- 2wdarmao 1;9
- wdwk 3;5
- a&mr
13;11
(ESifhtem*wfudkOD;wnfcsufxm;onf)jzpfwnfaeaomtajctaewpf&yfjzpf
onfhu,fwifjcif;/ (PERFECT)
- {zuf 2;5?8 qufvufaeaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfckjzpfonfhu,fwifjcif;(ypKyef)
- 1aum&dEK 1;18/ 15;2
- 2aum&dEK 2;15
- 1aywk 3;21
tem*wfNyD;jynfhpHkrnfhu,fwifjcif; (Bud,mjyyk'ftm;jzifh odkYr[kwf usrf;pum;tquftpyfoabm
tm;jzift
h em*wf)
- a&mr 5;9?10/ 10;9?13/ 1aum&dEK 3;15/ 5;5/ zdvdyd 1;28/ 1oufomavmed 5;89/ a[NAJ 1;14/ 9;28/ 1aywk 1;5?9

321

xkYd aMumifu
h ,fwifjcif;onf,MkH unfjcif;jzifh
qH;k jzwfjcif;
wpfcEk iS hf
tpjyKonf
rSefaomfvnf;
(a,m
1;12/
3;16/
a&mr
10;9-13)
,HMk unfjcif;tm;jzift
h ouf&iS af omyHpk v
H rf;pOfwpfcjk zpfay:ap&rnfjzpf (a&mr 8;29/ *v 3;19/
{zuf 1;4/ 2;10)um? wpfaeYaomtcgusvQifrsufjrifNyD;jynfph v
kH mvdrrhf nf/ (1a,m 3;2)/
aemufq;Hk tqifu
h b
kd ek ;f BuD;apjcif;?
cs;D ajrmufjcif;[kac:onf/
4if;udkatmufyg
twdkif;&Sif;jyEkdifonf/
1/
tpjyKbkef;BuD;apjcif;?csD;ajrmufjcif;-ajzmifhrwfjcif;
(tjypf\'PfrSu,fwifjcif;)
2/
wdk;wufaeaomu,fwifjcif;-oefUSif;jcif;(tjypf\wefcdk;rSu,fwifjcif;)
3/
aemufqHk;u,fwifjcif;-bkefMuD;apjcif;(tjypfSd&mt&yfrSu,fwifjcif;)

NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om) bmomjyef u srf ; / /10;5-13

5
taMumif;rlum;armaSa&;onfrSmynwfw&m;awmf ay:
tajcjyKaomajzmifhrwf
6
odkYaomf,HkMunf
jcif;udkusifhaomolonfxdkajzifhrwfjcif;tm;jzifhtoufSifvdrfhrnf/
jcif;ay:tajcjyKaomajzmifhrwfjcif;uajymonfrSm
]]aumif ;uifodkYb,folw ufvdrfhrnf
enf;[koifhESvHk; om;xJrajymESifh/ (4if;rSmc&pfawmfudkrnfol,laqmifvmrnfenf;[kqdk
7
vdkonf) odkYr[kwfeufIdif;&mt&yfxJokdYrnfolqif;vdrfhrnfenf;[krajymESifh/ (4if;rSm
c&pfawmf udkaoaom olrsm;teufrSrnfolxapvdrfhrnfenf ;[kqdkvdkonf) 8odkYaomf
4if;uyifrnfuJhodkYajymoenf;
EIwfuywf awmfonfoifwdkYESif h eD ;oifw dk Y\EIw f E Si fh
oifw kd Y\ pdwfES vHk ;xJ&Sdo nf [kqkd\/ 4if;rSmigwdkYa[majymaom EIwfuywfawmfudkajym
jcif;jzpfonf/ 9a,Iudkt&Sifociftjzpfoif\EIwftm;jzifh0efcHumbk&m;ocifonf olYudk
aoaomolrsm;teufrSxaponf[koifhESvHk;xJ
,HkMunfyguu,fwifjcif;&vdrfhrnf/
10
taMumif ;rSmvl wpf a ,muf onf
pdwfESvHk;jzifh,HkMunfyguajzmifhrwfapjcif;&umEIwf
11
jzifh0efcHyguu,fwifjcif;&aponf/ taMumif;rl um;ormusrf;pmajymonfrSm ]]olYudk
12
,HkMunfolwkdif;pdwfysufjcif;rcH&[ljzpf\/}} taMumif;rSm *sL;vlrsdK;ESifh*&dvlrsd K;tMum;
uGJjym;jcm;em;rIr&Sdacs/ taMumif;rSmudk,f awmfukdac:aomol wdkif;twGuf aus;Zl;awmf
13
taMumif;rlum;udk,f
<u,f0awmfrlolt&SifonfyifolwdkYtm;vHk;\udk,fawmfjzpf\/
awmf\emrawmfudkac:aomolwkdif;u,fwifjcif;&vdrfhrnf/

10;5 tcef;i,f xGuf 18;5 udk&nfTef;onf/ 4if;\uwdawmfrSmaocsmonf/ wpfpHkwpf

a,mufonfynwfw&m;awmfudkvdkufEdkifcJhrnfqdkvQifxkdoludkbk&m;ocifvufcHvdrfhrnf/
(vkum
10;28/ *v 3;12)/ jyemrSm a&mr 3;9?10-18?19?23/ 5;18/ 11;32 azmfjyrItrSefpifppfjzpfae
322

jcif;yif/ vlom;tm;vHk;tjypfjyKMuonf/ tjypfjyKol(soul )aoqHk;&vdrfhrnf/ (urm 1;17/ w&m;

30;18/ a,Z 18;4?20)/ y#dnOfw&m;a[mif;vrf;tm;ydwfypfcJhNyDjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmao'PfpD&if
aomusdefqJjcif;wpf&yfjzpfvmcJhonf (7;10/ *v 3;13/ aum 2;14) /
10;6-8 4if;Septuagint (LXX) \w&m;a[m 30;11-14 tm;&nfTef;onf/ aygvkonfxkdusrf;
ydk'fudkrdrd&nf&G,fcsuftwGufqDavsmfpGmoHk;onf/ usrf;ydk'fudkynwfawmftm;&nfTef;umarma&S
ajymcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ (usrf;ydk'f\usrf;pum;tquftpyfoabmonfcspfjcif;arwmESihf ESvHk;om;
ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;taMumif;tm;pl;pdkufajymjcif;jzpfonf/ w&m;a[m30;6?16?20)/ odkYaomf4if;udk
ae&m wGifa,I\vl0ifpm;jcif;? taocHjcif;ESifh jyef&Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;tm;ajymjcif;tjzpf
oHk;onf/ (i,f 9/ {zuf 4;9-10) aygvkajymvdkaomtcsufrSm ar&Sd,t&Sifa,Iudk
,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifhu,fwifjcif;&EdkifNyD[ljzpfonf/ (w&m;a[m 30;15-20)/ 4if;rSmvG,ful
onf/ &&SdEdkifonf/ tm;vHk;twGufjzpfonf/ ara&S\w&m;pD&ifa&;ynwdusrf;ESifh vGefpGmuJGjym;
jcm;em;onf/
10;6 ]]odkYaomf,HkMunfjcif;ay:tajcjyKaomajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;u ajymonfrSm}} aygvkonf
apmapm]]tjypf}}? ]]aus;Zl;awmf}} ESifh ormusrf;pmwkdUudkvluJhodkYwifpm;cJhNyD/ ,ckwpfcg ]],HkMunf
jcif;tm;jzifhajzmifhrwfjcif;}} udkvnf;vluJhodkYwifpm;vkdufonf/ 4if;onf"ra[mif;usrf;tm;udk;um;
onfhti,f 6?7 ESifh 8 wdkYpum;ajymonf/
]]pd wfESvH k; }}ESvHk;onfvl\Zmwd^twudkxif[yfaponf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 1;24 Munfhyg/
]]wufonf...qif;onf}} vlom;wkdYonfc&pfawmfudkr&SmcJhMu/ bk&m;ocifonfolUudkvlom;
wkdif;twGuftrsm;jynfoltxJapvTwfcJhNyD/ vlom;rsm;\&SmazGrIrvdktyfacs/
10;8 ]]EIwfuywfawmfonfoifESifheD;onf}} 4if;w&m;a[m 30;14 udkudk;um;onf/ w&m;a[m
30;11 tav;teufajymonfrSmrdrd\vlrsdK;awmftpa&;twGufYHWH \tvdkawmfrSmodEdkifaom
t&mjzpfonf[ljzpf\/ (i,f 12-13)/ aygvkonfowif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;tm;csufjcif;&
EdkifyHkudktav;teufjyK&eftqdkygusrf;ydk'fudkoHk;onf/(i,f 11-14)
10;9 ]]vQif^ygu}} 4if;rSmwwd,wef;pm;cRif;csufyg0gustrsdK;tpm;jzpfum tem*wfjyKEdkifajct
vm;tvm&Sad omvkyfaqmifru
I q
kd v
kd o
kd nf/ ti,f 9 rSm(hoti)pum;vHk;ygaomowif;pum;jzpfonf/
]]0efcH}} 4if;rSmaygif;pyfpum;vHk; homologeo jzpfNyD;rl&if;t"dyg,frSm]]ajymonf}} ]]twlwl}} [l
jzpfNyD;]]tay:wif^vlod&SifMum;oabmwlnDonf}} (tjcm;olrsm;Mum;Edkif&eftoHus,fpGmajymonf)
[kqdkvdkonf/ c&pfawmftm;,HkMunfaMumif;tay:wif0efcHjcif;rSmvGefpGmta&;BuD;onf/ (rJ
10;32/ vkum 12;8/ a,m[ef 9;22/ 12;42/ 1wd 6;12/ 1a,m 2;23/ 4;15) ueOD;toif;awmf
vlod&SifMum;0efcHrIrSma&ESpfr*FvmcH,ljcif;jzpfonf/ ar;jref;cHolonfc&pfawmftm;,HkMunfudk;pm;
aMumif;tm; ]]a,Ionft&SifjzpfaMumif;uREkfyf,HkMunfygonf}} [lEIwfjzifh0efcHjyoonf/ atmuf
tygtaMumif;t&mudkMunfhyg/

txl;taMumif ;t&m/ / 0efcHjcif;

u/ 0efcHjcif; (0g) t"dXgefjyKjcif;twGufoHk;aom*&drl&if;pum;vHk; homolegeo ESifh
exomologe [l&Sdonf/ aygif;pyfpum;vHk;yHkpHrSmtwlwuG[lt"dyg,f&Sdaom homo rSqif;ouf
onf/ lego ajymonfESifh ex (xJrS- out of )udkaygif;pyfonf/ rlvtajccHt"dyg,frSm
wlnDaomt&mudkajymonf/ oabmwlnDonf[ljzpf\/ trsm;oligodatmifaMumfjimjcif;
oabmtwGuf ex udk jznfhpGufonf/
323

c/

pum;vHk;tkyfpkrsm;\t"dyg,frSm
1/
csD;rGrf;onf
2/
oabmwlonf
3/
aMumfjimonf (rJ 7;23)
4/
t"dXgefjyKonf
5/
0efcHonf
*/
pum;vHk;tkyfpkqefYusifbufESifhwlaomtoHk;tEIef;ESpfrsdK;&Sdonf/
1/
bk&m;ocifudkcsD;rGrf;jcif;
2/
tjypfudk0efcHjcif;
pum;vHk;wdkYonfvlom;ubk&m;ocif\oefY&Sif;jcif;? rdrdonftjypfESifhjynfh
aMumif;cHpm;od&Sd&mrSay:aygufvmjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
wpfckudktodtrSwfjyKjcif;onfESpfck
pvHk;tm;todtrSwfjyK jcif;rnfayonf/
C/ pum;vHk;tkyfpktm;"ropfusrf;oHk;EIef;yHkrSm1/
uwday;&eff(roJ 14;7/ wref 7;17/)
2/
wpfpHkwpfcktm;oabmwljcif;(a,m 1;20? vkum 22;6/ wref 24;14/
a[jAJ11;13)
3/
csD;rGrf;&ef(roJ11;25/ vkum10;21/ a&mr14;11/ 15;9/
4/
oabmwlonf(to assent to)
(u) vlwpfa,muftm;(roJ10;32/ vkum12;8/ a,m9;22/ 12;42/
a&mr10;9/ zd2;11/ 1a,m2;23/ Asm3;5)/
(c) ormw&m;wpf&yf(wref23;8/ 2aum11;13/ 1a,m4;2)
5/
vlodSifMum;aMumfjimonf
(w&m;Oya'qdkif&moabmrSbmoma&;twnfjyK
jcif;jzpfvmonf/
wref24;14/ 1wd6;16)
(u) tjypfuif;pifapjcif;(1wd6;12/ a[jAJ10;23)
(c) tjypftm;cGihfjyKjcif; (roJ3;6/ wref19;18/ a[jAJ4;14/ ,mukyf
5;16/ 1a,m1;9)

]]a,Itm;tSifociftjzpf}}
NKSB ]]tS i f o cif a ,I } }
NASB

NRSV,TEV
NJB ]]a,I o nf tS i f o cif j zpf o nf / }}

4if;rSmueOD;toif;awmf\,HkMunfjcif;qdkif&m0efcHrIESifha&ESpfr*FvmjyKjcif;wdkYyg0ifaom
"roabmw&m;jzpfonf/ (a,mv2;32/ wref2;32-33/36/ 10;36/ 1aum 12;3/ 2aum4;5/
zd2;11/aum2;6) rSnfhac:aomemrnfa,Ionfordkif;0ifvlom;jzpfjcif;twnfjyKonf/ (1a,m4;1324

3)/ xdktwnfjyKcsufonfwynfhawmfjzpf&efc&pfawmfESifh wlnD&efac:zdwfrItm;twnfjyKjcif;

oabmvnf;jzpfonf/
tSifocif- Lord tm;oHk;jcif;onf*sL;&Adq&mMuD;rsm;u ormusrf;pmzwf&m YHWH tm;
/ bk&m;emrawmf 9;29Munfhyg/
Adon [ktpmxdk;rIESifhqufpyfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/
ti,f13Sdonf/ a,v2;32 tmudk;um;jcif;onf4if;udktwnfjyKonf/
a,Itm;wefcdk;MuD;aombGJUemrawmftawmfrsm;rsm;ay;tyfonf/
1/a,IrSmarSd,^c&pfawmfjzpfonf-wref5;42/ 9;22/ 17;3/ 18;5?28/ 1aum1;23
2/a,Ionfbk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfonf/ -roJ4;3?6/ wref9;20/ 13;33/ a&mr1;4/
3/a,IrSmtSifocifjzpfonf-txufMunfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ud k,fawmf\emrawmf
4if;onftoif;awmfoHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;onf
yk*dKvftm;jzifhtwlSdaejcif;ESifhtvkyfvkyf
aomwefcdk;awmftwGuf"ropfusrf;wpfckvHk;oHk;aompum;pkwpfckjzpfonf/
4if;rSmbk&m;ocif \pdkufawmfudkaz:jy&mpum;yHkjzpfonf/
pum;pkonfa,IrSmtSifocifjzpfaMumif;&nfTef;avhSdonf/ (zd2;11)
1/ a,Itm,HkMunfaMumif;a&ESpfr*FvmcH&m0efcHjcif;(a&mr 10;9-13/ wref2;38/8;12?
16/
10;48/ 19;5/ 22;16/ 1aum 1;13? 15/ ,mukyf 2;7)
2/ ewfqdk;armif;xkwf&m (rJ 7;22/ rmuk 9;38/ vkum 9;49/ 10;17/ wref 19;13)/
3/ a&m*gaysmufuif;ap&m (wref 3;6? 16/14;10/ 9;34/ ,mukyf 5;14)
4/ trIawmfjyK&mwpfck (rJ 10;42/ 18;5/ vkum 9;48)/
5/ toif;awmfpnf;urf;Muyfrwf&m (rJ 18;15-20)
6/ wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;a[majym&m (vkum 24;47/ wref 9;15/ 15;17/ a&mr 1;5)/
7/ qkawmif;&m (a,m 14;13-14/ 15;2? 16/ 16;23/ 1aum1;2)
8/ c&pf,mefrsm;tm;&nfTef;jcif; (wref 26;9/ 1aum 1;10/ 2wd 2;19/ ,mukyf 2;7/
1ay4;14)/
9/ uRefawmfwYdk onfa[majymolrsm;taejzifjh zpfap? trIawmfaqmifrsm;taejzifjh zpfap? ulnDrp
olrsm;taejzifjh zpfap? tema&m*gaysmufuif;apolrsm;? ewfq;dk armif;xkwo
f rl sm; ... pojzifh
vkyfav&mwdik ;f pdu
k af wmfwefc;dk awmf rpaxmufyHhawmfrljcif;wnf;[laomemrawmftm; jzifh
jyKMu\!
]]oif\ pdwfESvHk;xJ,HkMunf}} pum;pkonf 0efcHjcif;ESifh tvm;wljzpfNyD; ,HkMunfjcif;\
rsufESmpmwpfzufudkjyonf/ ormusrf;pmenf;us ]],HkMunfonf}} (pistis tm;txl;taMumif;t&m
4;3ESifh 4;5 wdkYMunfhyg) pum;vHk;atmufygwdkYyg0ifonf/
1/ vlyk*dKvfukd,fwdkifjzifh tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKjcif; (a[NAJ)
325

2/ todOmPfygifonf (*&d)
3/ qEtavQmufqufvufaom qufuyftyfESHjcif; (w&m;a[m 30;20)
pdwfESvHk; (heart)[laoma0g[m&udk "ra[mif;oabmjzifh vlyk*dKvfwpfckvHk; (cEm? pdwf)
t"dyg,fjzifhoHk;jcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf ]]EIwf}} ESifh ]]pdwfESvHk;}} wdkYtm;usrf;ykd'foHk;jcif;rSm
ti,f 8 udk;um;onfhw&m;a[m 30;14 udkyifudk;um;jzpfonf/ vlwpfa,mufonfu,fwif
jcif;&&eftoHus,fpGmqkawmif;&rnf[laomoabmr[kwfacs/
]]bk&m;ocifonfoludkvlaorsm;teufrSxaponf}} c&pf,mefonfa,ItrSefpifppf&Sifjyef
xajrmufjcif; tay:tajcjyKonf/ (4;24/ 8;11/ 1aum 15)/ if;rSmwrefawmfrsm;\a[majymcsuf
rsm;A[dkcsuformw&m;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ a[majymjcif; kerygma 1;2
Munfhyg/ wrefawmf 2;31-32/ 3;15/ 4;10/ 5;30/ 10;40/ 13;30/ 37)/
om;awmftm;jyefxapjcif;rSm a,I\b0toufwm? ol\oGefoifrIrsm;ESifh oljyKaomylaZmf
rIwkdYudkrdrdvufcHaMumif;twnfjyKoufaoxljcif;jzpfonf/ a,I\jyef&SifxajrmufrloHk;yg;wpfql
\yk*dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk;yg0ifaMumif; "ropfusrf;twnfjyKonf/
1/ crnf;awmf wref 2;24/ 3;15/ 4;10/ 5;30/ 10;40/ 13;30?33? 34? 37/ 17;31/ a&mr
6;4?9/ 8;11/ 10;9/ 1aum 6;14/ 2aum 4;14/ *vm 1;1/ {zuf 1;20/ aum 2;12/ 1ouf
1;10/
2/ 0dnmOfawmf - a&mr 8;11
3/ om;awmf-a,m 2;19-22/ 10;17-18/
10;10 ]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}} ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;twGufbk&m;ocif\yef;wdkifrSm wpfaeYusvQif
aumif;uifbHkrSmae&efrQomr[kwfbJ? ,ckyifc&pfawmfESifhwljcif;jzpfonf! BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;
taMumif;tjcm;cdkifrmaomusrf;ydk'fwpfckjzpfonf/ {zuf 1;3-14ti,f 4 wGif ormw&m;udk
wefcdk;BuD;pGmtcdkiftrmajymonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;udk oefY&Sif;ap&efESifh tjypfwifp&muif;ap&efa&G;
aumufjcif;jzpfonf!
a&G;aumufjcif;onfMo0g'r[kwfbJ
touf&SifyHk&Sifenf;jzpfonf/
(w&m;a[m 30;15-20)/
ti,f 10 onftav;teufjyKjcif;ESpfrsdK;yg0ifonhf r[mapckdif;jcif; (rJ 18;19-20) udk
xif[yfonf/ u,fwifjcif; (wjynfhawmfrsm;jzpfum)ESifh ajzmifhrwfjcif; (oifwkdYudkigay;aom
ynwfcsufrsm;tm;vHk;vkdufem&efoGefoifyg)jzpfonf/ uJhodkYaom tvm;wlo[mZmwjzpfrIudk
{zuf 2;8-9 awGU&onf/ tusifhjyK&ef bk&m;ocif\ac:zdwfjcif;? {zuf 2;10 jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocif\ oPmefawmfaqmifolrsm; tvdkawmfudkvnf;jrif&avh&Sdonf/
10;11 if;rSm a[&Sm 28;16 tm;udk;um;NyD; ]]rnfolrqdk}} pum;pkudkaygvkjznfhpGufonf/ a[&Sm,
bk&m;ocif\wdkufaxmifhtjrpfausmuf (9;32-33) jzpfolar&Sd,udk udk;tpm;&mjyKjcif;tm;
&nfTef;onf/ a&mr 9 onfbk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPmudktxl;jyKonfenf;wl tcef;BuD; 10
onf vlwpfOD;csif;wdkY\vkdtyfcsufjzpfaomrnfolrqdk? vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufcsif;tvdkuf c&pfawmf
tm;wHkYjyefrIjyK&eftxl;jyKajymonf/ wpfurmvHk;tm;ay;urf;aMumif;ti,f 4 &Sd ]]vlwdkif;}} ti,f
11?13 ]]rnfolrqdk}} ESifh ti,f 12 (ESpfcg) ]]tm;vHk;}} pum;vHk;rsm;onf &Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf!
4if;rSm tcef;BuD; 9 &Sad &G;cs,jf cif; (BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;)ESihf "ropfoabmt&csdecf iG v
hf Qm
nDaejcif;jzpfonf/

326

 ]]ol Yu dk,H kMunf}} 4if;rSm0dbwf epi ygaom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ (4;24/
9;33/ 1wd 1;16)/ ,HkMunfjcif;[lonftpjyKwHkYjyefjcif;rQomr[kwfbJu,fwifjcif;twGuf quf
vufvkdtyfrIjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmu,fwifjcif;ay;aomrSefuefonfh"roabmw&m; (rSefuefaom{0H
a*vdowif;aumif;) bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaomtouf&Sifjcif; (touf&Sifaom{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;)
yHkpHjzpfay:apaomyk*dKvfcsif;qufqHa&; (yk*dKvfowif;aumif;) jzpfonf/ ormw&m;ESifh b0
toufwmcGJxkwfum? ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifhoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;tm;oD;jcm;cJGxkwfonfh vG,fulaom
{0Ha*vd0g'udkowdxm;yg/ u,fwifaom,HkMunfjcif;onfpGJNrJNyD;ajymif;vJoGm;apaom,HkMunfjcif;
rsdK;jzpfonf! xm0&toufjrifomaomxl;jcm;rIrsm;&Sdonf!
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ,HkMunfonf-4;5 Munfhyg/

NASB, TEV ]]pd w f y suf j cif ; rcH & }}
NKJV, NRSV ]]&S u f a Mumuf j cif ; rcH & }}
NJB ]]&S u f a Mumuf p &mtaMumif ; r&S d & }}
c&pfawmfukdudk;pm;ol (,HkMunfol) rsm;onfvrf;rSm;oGm;Murnfr[kwfacs/ 4if;rSma[&Sm
28;16tm;udk;um;jcif;jzpfNyD; 9;33 aygvkwifjycsuf\t"duaomhcsufjzpfonf/ 10;12 ]]taMumif;
rSm*sL;vlrsdK;ESifh*&dvlrsdK;tMum;uJGjym;jcm;em;rIr&Sdacs/}} 4if;rSmy#dnOfw&m;opf\t"dutcsufBuD;
jzpfonf/ (a&mr 3;22?29/ *v 3;28/ {zuf 2;11-3/ 13/ aum 3;11/ wpfqlwnf;aom
bk&m;&SifonfaysmufqHk;aom rdrdzefqif;aomvlom;udkrdrd\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;tm;jzifha&G;EIwfcJhayNyD/
olonfrdrdo@mefawmftwdkif;zefqif;aom vlow0gtm;vHk;olYxHawmfudkcsOf;uyfvmum? olESifh
wlapvkdonf/ tm;vHk;txHawmfodkYvmEdkifygonf/
owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m; vlom;tm;vHk;yg0ifjcif;vrf;aMumif; ESpfrsdK;xdcdkufonf/
(ti,f 12 ]]tm;vHk;}}pum;vHk;ESpfcgoHk;onf)/
1/
*sL;ESifh*&dvlrsdK;jcm;em;jcif;r&Sd/ tm;vHk;aysmufqHk;Muonf/(3;9?19?22-23/ 11;32)
2/
*sL;ESifh*&dvlrsdK;jcm;em;jcif;r&Sd/ tm;vHk;u,fwifjcif;&Edkifonf/
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onfu,fwifjcif;u@ vlom;qkdif&mtwm;tqD;tm;vHk;z,f&Sm;
onf/ (a,mv 2;28-29/ 1aum 12;13/ *v 3;28/ aum 3;11)/
]]aus;Zl;awmf<u,f0awmfrl}} aygvkonfc&pfawmftxJbk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmftaMumif;
pOf;pm;onfhtcg ]]<u,f0}} onfqdkaompum;oHk;avh&Sdonf/ (2;4/ 9;23/ 11;12ESpfcg?33/ 1aum
1;5/ 2aum 8;9/ {zuf 1;7?18/ 2;7/ 3;8?16/ zd 4;19/ aum 1;27/ 2;2)/ 10;13 a,mv 2;32wdkY
rS,laomemrnfausmfudk;um;rIaygvkoHk;onfhtav;teufjyKrItopfESpfck&Sd onf/
1/
a,mvusrf;oHk;onfh YHWH emrawmfudka&mrMo0g'pmaygvkoHk;NyD;? aywk
onfwrefawmf 2;21 a,I\emrawmfudktpm;xdk;oHk;onf/ (a,m 12;41/
a[&Sm 6;9-10/ zd 2;9/ a[&Sm 45;22-25/ a&mr 9;33 ESifh a[&Sm, 8;13-14
wdkYudk vnf;rSwfom;yg/)
2/
a,mvusrf; ]]u,fwifjcif;&onf}} qdk&myuwdudk,fcEmudkqdkvdkum a&mr
usrf;rl0dnmOfa&;&mtjypfvGwfjcif;ESifhxm0&u,fwifjcif;qdkvdkonf/
"ra[mif;cH,lcsufyHkpH ]]emrawmfudkac:onf}} [kqdk&m0wfjyKudk;uG,faomtpnf;ta0;
,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;tay:wifwm0efcHjcif;udkqdkvkdonf/ tvm;wlcH,lcsufudk wref 7;59/
327

9;14?21/ 22;16/ 1aum 1;2/ 2wd 2;22 wdkdYawGU&onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ ac:onf- 1;6
Munfhyg/
NASB

(aemuf qHk ;jyif qifaom) bmomjyef usrf ;/ / 10;14-15

14

odkYjzpfvQifrdrdwdkY,HkMunfoludk rnfuJhodkYac:Murnfenf; rMum;&aomoludkrnfodkY

,H kMunfMurnfenf; a[majymolr&S dvQif rnfodkYMum;Murnfenf; 15apvTwfolr&Sdygu
rnfodkYa[majymMurnfenf; ormusrf;pmxJa&;om;xm;onfum; ]]aumif;aomt&mrsm;
taMumif;owif;aumif;,l vmol rsm;\ajcwdk Yonf rnfrQvSyoenf;[ljzpf\/
10;14-15/ "ra[mif;usrf;udk;um;csufrsm;onf YHWH \owif;pum;rsm; (0g) owif;,l
aqmifvmolrsm;udk(ae[rd 9/ wref 7) wHkYjyefrIrjyKcJhbl;Mu[kqdkojzifhar;cGef;rsm;woDwwef;BuD;
jzpfay:aponf/ bk&m;ocifonfowif;ydkYolrsm;apvTwfavh&Sdonf/ (ya&mzufrsm;? wrefawmfrsm;?
w&m;a[molrsm;? {0Ha*vdq&mrsm;)/ owif;ydkYaqmifolrsm;rSmvkdtyfaom urmtwGuf
aumif;csD;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonfowif;aumif;ydkYaqmifolrsm;udkapvTwfonfESifh tnD
Mum;emolrsm;onf owif;pum;udkaumif;rGefvHkavmufpGmwHkYjyefMu&rnfjzpfonf/ aygvkonf
a[&Sm 52;7 udkudk;um;tcsufudktwnfjyKonf/ aygvkonf"ra[mif;usrf;ydk'ftm;owif;
aumif;a[mMum;olrsm;udk&nfTef;jcif;tjzpfoHk;onf/
u,fwifjcif;ay;aom,HkMunfjcif;taMumif;jcif;&mtawmfrsm;rsm;yg0ifonf/ (1) ,HkMunf
&efowif;pum; (2) vufcHrI&&Sdrnfhyk*dKvf (3) tpjyKumqufvufoGm;aomaemifwESifh ,HkMunf
jcif;tm;jzifhwHkYjyefrI (4) emcHaomtoufwmESifh (5) pGJNrJjcif;(1;5 \rSwfcsufMunfhyg/) wkdYjzpf
onf/
10;15 4if;rSma[&Sm 52;70 udkudk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSma&mrusrf;\r[mapcdkif;csufjzpf onf/
u,fwifjcif;onfowif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;udkMum;&jcif;ESifh {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; tm;vufcH
jcif;jzpfonf/ ]]vltm;vHk;wdkY}}u,fwifjcif;&ap&ef a[majymolrsm;udkapvTwfonf/
tcsdKY*&da&S;a[mif;vufa&;usrf;wdkY (MSS Aleph2, D, F, G ESifhtjcm;trsm;tjym;) LXX \
a[&Sm, 52;7 udjk znfph GufMuonf/ UBS4 onfyrkd w
kd akd wmif;aomrl&if;pmud]k ]A}}(aocsm) tqifh
owfrSwfonf/

NASB, NKJV
NRSV, NJB ]]ol w d k Y \ ajcrsm;rnf r QvS o enf ; }}

]]vmMujcif;onfrnfrQxl;jrwfoenf;}}
NET ]]a&muf & S d v mjcif ; rS mrnf r Qtcsd e f a wmf o enf ; }}
NET atmuf a jcrS w f p k ] ]rS e f a omtcsd e f ^ tcG i f h a umif ; tcgaumif ; vma&muf j cif ; }}
]]vSyonf}} [laompum;vHk;udkwifpm;jcif;oabmoHk;jcif; jzpfumMunfhvSjcif;r[kwfbJ
tcsdefumvudkajymjcif;jzpfonf/
TEV

NASB

(aemuf qHk ;jyif qifaom)bmomjyef usrf;/ / 10;16-17

16

rnfodkYjzpfapolwdkYtm;vHk;owif;aumif;rem;axmifcJhMuacs/ taMumif;rSma[&Smu
]]xm0&bk&m;&Sif?
uRefawmfwdkYa[mMum;onfudkrnfol,HkMunfcJhygoenf;}}
[kajym\/

328

17

xdkYaMumifh,HkMunfjcif;onfMum;&jcif;rSvmum Mum;emjcif;onfc&pfawmf\ EIwfuygwf

pum;awmfrSvm\/
10;16 rlvtm;jzifhtpa&;twGuf YHWH \owif;pum;udk&nfTef;aom"ra[mif;\tem*wd
pum;rsm;udkar&Sd,t&Sifa,I\
owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;tm;&nfTef;&efaygvkaemufwpfcg
jyefoHk;onf/
"ra[mif;acwf*sL;rsm;onfbk&m;ocif\owif;pum;udkjiif;qefcJhMuonfenf;wl
aygvkacwf*sL;rsm;onf4if;udkjiif;qefcJhMu\/ 4if;onfa[&Sm 53;1 tm;udk;um;jcif;jzpfaomfvnf;
"roabmt&a[&Sm 6;9-13 yg&Sdaombk&m;ocif\owif;pum;tm;jiif;qefjcif;vnf;jzpfonf/
10;17 owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;onftpyxr owif;pum;jzpfonf/ (*v 3;2)/ odkYaomf
a[majymaomowif;pum;onf yk*dKvf\pum; ]]vufcHaomc&pfawmf\EIwfuywfpum;awmf}}
(awm 3;15-16) jzpfvmonf/
]]c&pfawmf\EIwfuywfpum;awmf}} usrf;pum;tquftpyfoabmt& pum;onfc&pf
awmftaMumif;a[majymrItm;&nfTef;jcif;jzpfayrnf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;a[mjcif;rSm bk&m;
ocifonfurmBuD;tm;c&pfawmftxJrSay;prf;aomt&mudk o,fydkYay;jcif;enf;vrf;jzpfonf/
tcsufa&S;a[mif;*&dvufa&;usrff;rluGJwpfck&Sdonf/
1/
MSS P46, Aleph*, B, C, D wkdY]]c&pfawmf\EIwfuywfpum;awmf}}
MSS Alephc, A, Dc, K, P wkdY]]bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfpum;awmf}} [ljzpfonf/
2/
eHygwfwpfrSmtawGU&tenf;qHk;jzpfojzifh (aum 3;16) rl&if;jzpfEkdifacs&Sdonf/ (4if;rSm
rl&if;pmtjiif;yGg;rI\tajccHtcsufrsm;teufwpfckjzpfonf) USB4 onf4if;udk]]A}}tqifh (aocsm)
owfrSwfonf/ 4if;udk"ropfusrf;wpfae&mwnf;wGifawGU&onf/ 'kwd,pum;vHk; ]]bk&m;ocif
\EIwfuywffawmf}} udkrltBudrfaygif;tawmfrsm;rsm;awGU&onf/ (vkum 3;2/ a,m 3;34/ {zuf
6;17/ a[NAJ 6;5/ 11;3)
NASB

(aemuf qHk ;jyif qifaom)bmomjyef usrf;/ / 10;18-21

18

odkYaomfigqdkonfum;olwdkYMum;cJhMu&NyDr[kwfavm/
olwdkYtrSefyifMum;cJh&NyD/
]]olwdkYtoHonfajrBuD;wpfjyifvHk ;jyefYESHYcJhNyD; olwdkUpum;onf urmhwpfzufpGef;wkdifatmif
19
a&mufcJhNyD/ odkYaomfigqdkonfum;tpa&;onfrod&SdcJhoavm/ a&S;OD;pGmarma&Sqdkonfum;
vlrsdK;r[kwfaom trsdK;wpfrsd K;tm;jzifhoifwdkYudk igremvkdpdwf&Sdapumem;vnfjcif;r&Sdaom
vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;tm;jzifhoifwkdYudkigpdwfqdk;aprnf[ljzpf\/ 20a[&Sm,onf&J&ifhpGmajymonf
rSmighudkr&Smaomolrsm;onfighudkawGUMu\/ ightm;rar;jref;aomolrsm; igay:vGifxif&Sm;
21
\[kqdk\/ tpa&;vlrsdK;udkwzefrdefYawmfrlonfrS mem;raxmifbJ acgif;rmaomvlrsd K;wpf
rsdK;odkYigonf wpfaeYvHk; ighvufudkqefY wef;&\[kqdk\/
10;18 ti,fajymonfrSm*sL;vlrsddK;trsm;pkwdkYonfowif;pum;udkMum;cJhMuum4if;udk jiif;
qefjcif;twGufwm0ef&SdMuonf/ (tav;teufjiif;jcif;*&dpum;pkESpfvHk;jzpfonf/ tajz ]]r}}
udkarQmfvifhonf/) jyemrSmvpfvsLIjcif;r[kwfbJ wrifoufoufr,HkMunfrIjzpfonf/
aygvkonfqmvH 19;4 udk;um;onf/ qmvHusrf;ti,f 1-6 wGifzefqif;jcif;rS
wqifhbk&m;ocifpum;ajym&mobm0w&m;tm;jzifhzGifhjyrIjzpfonf/(a&mr 1-2)/ aygvkonf
1/
pBuFm0#mwpfckvHk;\oufaocHcsufESifh (]]ajrBuD;wjyifvHk;}} ESifh ]]urmwzuf
pGef;wkdifatmif}})

329

2/

owif;pum;ydkYaqmifjcif;wdkYudkzefqif;jcif;\wdwfqdwfaeaomtoHrSonf owif;
aumif;a[majymolrsm; (wrefawmfrsm;? ya&mzufrsm;? {0Ha*vdq&m rsm;?
oif;tkyfESifh"rq&mrsm;-{zuf 4;11) jzpfonfhtxl;zGihfjyjcif; (qmvH 19;8-14)
odkYajymif;vkdufonf/
t"duqdkvkdonfrSmowif;aumif;onf aygvkacwfumvod&orQurmwpfckvHk; (*&da&mr urm) odkYysHUESHUcJhonf[ljzpf\/ aygvkonf*sL;&Adq&mBuD;rsm;\teufzGifhjcif;yHkpHvdkufum
rdrd\"roabmw&m;jiif;cHkaqG;aEG;rIrsm;twGuf rl&if;"ra[mif;usrf;rsm;udkvdktyfovdk vSnfhywf
toHk;jyKonf/ tjcm;wrefawmfwdkYenf;wlaygvkonf "ra[mif;usrf;toHk;jyK&m oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfonftwktEIdif;rJhvrf;jyaMumif;&Sif;vif;pGmawGU&ygonf/(2ay1;20-21)/ ,aeY,HkMunf
olrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmf\em;vnfoabmaygufaprI&&SdMujcif;omjzpfNyD; "ropfusrf;a&;om;
olrsm; \teufjyefjcif;yHkpHrsdK;toHk;rjyKEdkifMuacs/

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/ &S if ;vif;apjcif;/

bk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,frdrdvlom;tm;&Sif;vif;pGmzGifhjy&ef twdwfumvvkyfaqmifcJh

onf/ "roabmw&m; (Theology) 4if;udkzGifhjyjcif;[kac:onf/ olonfrdrd\ zGifhjyawmfrljcif;
tm;rSwfwrf;wif um&Sif;vif;ay;&efvltcsdKUa&G;cs,fonf/ "roabmw&m; 4if;udkrIwfoGif;jcif;
[kac:onf/ rdrd\ EIwfuywfpum;awmfudkzwfIolrsm; em;vnfoabmaygufap&ef ulnDbkdY
rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf awmfudkapvTwfonf/ "roabmw&m;4if;udk&Sif;vif;apjcif;[kac:
onf/ jyemrSm bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudkem;vnfoabmaygufap&m 0dnmOfawmfyg0if
onf [kqdkvQiftb,faMumifh 4if;udkteufjyef&m trsdK;rsdK;jzpfae&oenf;[ljzpfonf/
jyemzwfIol\,cifem;vnfoabmaygufrI (0g) wpfOD;csif;\tawGUtBuHKrSm
wpfu@myg0ifonf/ rdrd\udk,fydkifpDpOfrIwpf&yftm;ormusrf;pmudkoHk;um usrf;csufwpfck
wnf;jzifhtwnfjyKjcif; (0g) usOf;ajrmif;aomyHkpHjzifhazmfjyajymqdkavh&SdMuonf/ ormusrf;pmtm;
tcsdKUu@mrsm;omrdrda&G;cs,faomyHkpHjzifhae&mayum"roabmw&m; (Theology) wpfrsdK;tm;
twif;vufcHapavh&Sdonf/ &Sif;vif;apjcif;ESifh rIwfoGif;jcif;ESpfrsdK;vHk;oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmfyg0ifonfrSefaomfvnf; &Sif;vif;apjcif;onf rIwfoGif;rIESifhrnDrQEdkifacs/
taumif;qHk;csOf;uyfrIrSm rl&if;pmtm;tvGeftao;pdwfum teufjyefjcif;rjyKbJpmydk'f\
t"duqdkvdk&if;udktwnfjyKajymEdkif&ef tm;xkwfbkdYjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmrl&if;usrf;jyKol\t"duorm
w&m;udkazmfjyrIudkvkdufjcif;jzpfonf/ usrf;wpfusrf; (0g) pmpkwpfcktm;tusOf;csHKUjcif;onf
rIwfoGif;cHaomrl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nf&G,fcsufudkem;vnfEdkif&efyHhydk;onf/ rnfonfhteufjyefolrS
rIwfoGif;cH&onfr[kwfacs/ usrf;jyKol\teufjyefjcif;enf;vrf;udk uRefawmfwdkYjyefroHk;Edkif
acs/ olwdkYonfrdrdwdkYacwfrnfonfht&mudkajymjcif;jzpfaMumif;em;vnf&ef BudK;pm;EdkifHkrQom
jzpfum? xkdodkYvnf;BudK;pm;NyD;? xdkormw&m;udk,aeYuRefawmfwkdYacwfumvESifh qufpyf&ef
jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmt"dyg,froJuGJaom odkYr[kwfzHk;uG,fxm;aom (tcsdefumvwpfckck
rwdkif;rcsif) tpdwftydkif;tcsdKU&Sdonf/ tcsdKUusrf;ydk'frsm;ESifh taMumif;t&mrsm;tay:oabm
rwlnDrIrsm; tNrJ&Sdaernfjzpfaomfvnf; t"dutcsuftcsmusaomormw&m;rsm;udk&Sif;vif;pGm

330

azmfjy&rnfjzpfNyD;? rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nf&G,fcsufabmiftwGif; wpfOD;csif;vGwfvyfpGmteufjyef

cGifhjyK&ayrnf/ teufjyefolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY&&Sdonfhtvif;twdkif;vdkuf&rnfjzpfNyD;ormusrf; pmESifh
0dnmOfawmfxHrS
tvif;ydk
rsm;rsm;&Edkif&ef
pdwfESvHk;wHcg;tNrJzGifhxm;&efvkdygonf/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrdwkdY\em;vnf oabmaygufrI tqifhtwef;ESifh xdktqifhESifhtnD
rnfodkYtouf &Sifjcif; tay:tajcjyKum uRefawmfwdkYudk w&m;pD&ifvdrfhrnf/

10;19-20 *sL;vlrsdK;wkdYonf arma&Stm;jzifh owif;awmfudkMum;cJhMuNyDjzpfonf/ (ti,f 18 ESifh

19 wdkY\rSmtajz ]]r}} udkarQmfvifhaomar;cGef;rsm;jzpfonf/ *sL;vlrsdK;wdkYonfMum;cJhMu&NyDjzpf&m
vlom;wdkif;tm;bk&m;ocifESifh rSefuefapjcif;taMumif;jzpfonfh,HkMunfjcif;yg0ifaom owif;pum;
udkem;vnfEdkifpGrf;&SdcJhMuonf/
tcef;i,frsm; bk&m;ocifonfwpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm; yg0ifjcif;taMumif;tm;rdrd\
y#dnmOfcHvlrsdK;udkajymjyonf/ 4if;udkw&m;a[m 32;21 tm;ti,f 19 vnf;aumif;? ti,f 2021 a[&Sm, 65;1-2 wkdYtm;udk;um;aygvkazmfjyonf/ wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;taMumif;
xdwfvefYbG,f&m ed*Hk;csKyfonf *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;,HkMunfvmap&efEdI;qGay;jcif; (remvdkpdwf rSwqifh)
jzpfonf/ (11;11?14)/
10;21 azmfjyajymqdkcsufudk Septuagint(LXX) \a[&Sm 65;2 rSudk;um;jcif;jzpfNyD; y#dnOfcHvlrsdK;
awmfonf YHWH (a[&Sm 65;1-7)tm;jiif;qefcJhMujcif;ESihfqkdifonf/ bk&m;ocifrSmopm&SdNrJ&SdNyD;
tpa&;rSmopmrJhNrJrJhaecJhonf/ olwdkY\r,HkMunfrIonftwdwfumvwGifwpfOD;csif;wkdYenf;wltrsdK;
om;wpf&yfvHk;tm;,m,Dw&m;pD&ifjcif;cHaponf/ odkYaomfc&pfawmftm;,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh&aom
bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;tm;jiif;qefrIonfxm0&w&m;pD&ifjcif;cHap\/

aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm;
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usrf;pmESifh 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSmy"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudkteufzGifh
usrf;a&;olrsm; tay:omyHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
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jzpfonf/
1/
bk&m;ocif\a&G;cs,frIonftqHk;jzwfay;onfqdkvQifaygvkonf 10;1 tb,faMumifh
tpa&;twGufqkawmif;ay;cJhoenf; 10;9-13 onftb,faMumifhvl\wHkYjyefrIvdktyfyHk
rQt av;teufajymoenf;
2/
ti,f 4 onfbmudkqdkvdkoenf; c&pfawmfonfynwfw&m;awmfudktqHk;owfapcJho
avm
331

3/
4/
5/
6/
7/

10;9-10 txJazmfjyyg&Sdonfh,HkMunfjcif;rnfonfht&mrsm;yg0ifoenf;
aygvkonftb,faMumifh"ra[mif;usrf;rSrMumcPtudk;tum;jyKoenf; 4if;onfrl&if;
tm;jzifha&mrNrdKUwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;toif;awmfESifhrnfodkYoufqdkifoenf;
ti,f 11;13 onftcef;BuD; 9 ESifhrnfodkYqufpyfoenf;
ti,f 14-15 onfurmhomoemjyKvkyfief;ESihfrnfodkYqufpyfoenf;
vl\u,fwifjcif;vl\vGwfvyfpGma&G;cs,frIwpdwfwykdif;jzpfaMumif;tcef;BuD; 10 rnf
odkYazmfjyoenf;

332

a&mr 11
acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\pmydk'fcGJrsm;
UBS4

tpa&;t<uif;tusef
11;1-10
wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;
u,fwifjcif;
11;11-12

11;17-24
tpa&;rsm;e*dkaejyef
jzpfjcif;
11;25-32

NKJV

tpa&;\jiif;qefrI
tNrJr[kwf
11;1-10

NRSV

TEV

tpa&;\jiif;qefrI
aemufqHk;r[kwf
11;1-10

tpa&;udkbk&m;&Sif
*kPmoufrI
11;1-6
11;7-10

tpa&;\jiif;qefrI
aemufqHk;r[kwf
11;11-36

11;11-12

11;13-16
tpa&;tm;vHk;
u,fwifjcif;&rnf
11;25-32

11;11-12
wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;
u,fwifjcif;
11;13-15
11;19-24
tm;vHk;ay:bk&m;
&Sif\ *kPmawmf
11;25-32
bk&m;&Siftm;
csD;rGrf;jcif;

11;33-36

11;33-36

11;33-36

NJB

11;1-6

11; 7-10
tem*wf *sL;rsm;
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rnf
11;11-12

11;13-15
*sL;rsm;ajymif;vJ
jcif;
11;25-29
11;30-32
*kPmawmfESifh
ynmawmftm;
csD;rGrf;aom
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11;33-36

ywfvnfz wfIjcif;taMumhoHk ; (pm xi Munfhyg)/

rl&if;pma&;ol\ pmykd'ftvdkuf &nf&G,fcsuftm; em;vnfjcif;

pmtkyfrSmrnfuJhodkYteufzGifh&rnf taMumif;vrf;nTefrItm;avhvmjcif;jzpfonf/ qdkvdk
onfrSmormusrf;pmtm;teufzGifh&efrdrd\wm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkYwpfOD;csif;onf
rdrd&Sdaomtvif;xJavQmufoGm;&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm;teufjyef&moifudk,fwdkif ormusrf;
pmESifh 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSmy"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudkteufzGifh usrf;
a&;olrsm; tay:omyHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
tcef;BuD;udkwpfxdkifwnf;ESifh zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm; owfrSwfazmfjyyg/
rdrd\taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;ig;usrf;wkdYESifh EdIif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'frsm;
333

onf0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&ef aomh

csufjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmteufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfck
jzpfNyD;? pmydk'ftaMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/
1/
yxrpmydk'f
2/
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3/
wwd,pmydk'f
4/
... pojzifh

usrf;pum;tquft pyfoabmjzifhem;vnfjcif;
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c/

*/

a&G;aumufjcif;ESifh {0H*vdowif;aumif;tMum;qefYusifoa,mif jzpfaeyHkqufpyfrIudk

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rlu,fwifjcif;twGufjzpfonf/ (usrf;pma0g[m&rsm;tm;tu&mpOfvdkufjyKpkaom pmtkyf
uGefaum'if;-concordance Munfhyg/) ,HkMunfolrsm;udkbk&m;ocif\rdom;pk0if("ropf)
jzpfvm&efESifhtapcHrsm; ("ra[mif;) jzpfvmap&efESpfrsdK;pvHk;twGufjzpfonfrSm Iaxmifhwpf
rsdK;jzpfonf/ a&G;aumufjcif;[lonfwpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;ESifhwpfOD;csif;ESpfckpvHk;? tjyKo
abmESifh tysufoabm (,mukyf^tpa&;-{aom?{'Hk/ arma&S^zmdk) ESpfckpvHk;jzpfonf/
tqHk;pGeftm;jzifhwif;rmrIrSmbk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftjcmtmPmESifhvlom;\vGwfvyfpGma&G;
cs,fydkifcGifhwdkYtMum;omrubJ? bk&m;ocif\pdkufawmfudk,fwGifyifSdonf/ tcef;MuD;
9-11onfbk&m;ocif\ ukPmawmfESifh usqif;aomvlom;\ykefuefrIudkxyfcgwpfvJvJ
tav;teuf jyKonf/ bk&m;ocifrSmuwdopmwnfaomfvnf;vlom;wdkYrSmopmrJhMuonf/
a&G;aumufjcif;onftcsdKYaomolwdkYudk z,fxkwf&efr[kwfbJ? (1)uwdawmfrsm; ESifh
(2) y#dnOfjyKolbk&m;\om;awmftm;wkefYjyefrIjyKolrsm;twGufarsmfvifhjcif;tkwfjrpf? vHkjcHK
rIESifh pdwfcsrItwGufjzpfonf/
aygvkonftcef;MuD; 9 tcsKyftjcmtmPmawmfESifhbk&m;ocif\vGwfvyfrItaMumif;ajym
onf/ y#dnOfw&m;tm;jzifhqufqH&myifbk&m;ocifrSmvGwfvyfonf/ tcef;MuD; 10
aygvkonfbk&m;ocif\uwdawmfrsm;ESifhy#dnOfw&m;rsm;udk tpa&;vufcHEdkif?jiif;y,fEdkif
aMumif;ajymonf/ olwkdYonfopmrJhum? bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfrsm;ESifh y#dnOfw&m;rsm;
udkjiif;y,faMuif;oufaoxlcJhojzifh wpfzufwpfvrf;tm;jzifhbk&m;ocifonfolwdkYudkjiif;
y,fonf/ rnfodkYjzpfaptcef;MuD; 11 rltpa&;\opmrJhrIaSUarSufyif (w&m;a[m 8)
bk&m;ocifrSmuwdopmwnfaMumif;aygvktcdkiftrmajymonf/
,ckumvrSmenf;wltwdwfumv vnf;*sL;t<uif;tusefwdkYonf,HkMunfcJhMuum? bk&m;
ocif\arSd,tSiftm;,HkMunfcJhMuonf/ aygvkudk,fwdkifOyrmwpfckjzpfonf/ *sL;vlrsdK;
tcsdKYwdkU\r,HkMunfrIonf ,HkMunfolwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;udkyg0ifvmaponf/ wyg;trsdK;
om;rsm;yg0ifvmrIonf (1)bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;jynfhpHkoGm;aponf/ odkYr[kwf(2)bk&m;
ocif\ a&G;aumufrIjzpfaom*sL;ESifh wyg;trsdK;om;ESpfckpvHk;ta&twGufjynfhpHkoGm;ap
onf/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;yg0ifvmrIonftpa&; tm;bk&m;ocif\arSd,tSifa,SKudk
udk;pm;vmap&efvIHUaqmfjcif;jzpfoGm;onf/

334

C/

tcef;MuD; 9 ESifh 10wdkYrSmenf;wlaygvkonftcef;MuD; 11vnf;"ra[mif;usrf;ydk'ftawmf

rsm;rsm;udk;um;onf/
1/ti,f 3-4"r 19;14
2/ti,f 4-3"r 19;18
3/ti,f 8-a[Sm 29;10ESifh w&m;a[m29;4
4/ti,f 9-qmvH 69;22
5/ti,f 10-qmvH 69;23
6/ti,f 26-qmvH 59;20-21
7/ti,f 27-qmvH 27;9
8/ti,f 34-qmvH 40;13-14
9/ti,f 35-a,mb 35;7? 41;11

pum;vHk;ES if hpum;pkrsm;avhvmjcif;
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om) bmomjyef u srf ; / /10;1-6
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3
usrf;pmygtcsufudkoifrodoavm/
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odkYaomf
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tusifhudktajccHjcif;r[kwfawmhacs/
odkYr[kwfvQif
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taMumif;jyumaygvkaqG;aEG;cJhjcif;ESifhqufpyfae&ygrnf/ tcef;MuD; 9-11 rSmpmpkwpfckjzpfum?
aMumif;usdK;jyqufwdkufaqG;aEG;rIjzpfonf/
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(Oyrm-[kareJESifh tmav`EK)

335

onftpa&;udkrpGefYy,facs/ tpa&;uomrdrdwdkY\tqufrjywfem;raxmifrI? kyfwk

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y,fMuonf/
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[lygSdyHkrSmpdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;jyD; LXX \qmvH94;14rSudk;um;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ UBS4 onf
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11;1?11)
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3;5 Munfhyg/
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ar;cGef;\ wdusaomtajzjzpfonf/
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csufwpfckjzpfonf/ 8;29 \rSwfcsufMunfhyg/ ti,f 4-6 enf;wltcef;BuD; 9 \ usdK;
aMumif;jyaqG;aEG;rIudkjyef,ljcif;jzpfonf/ aomhcsufrSmtpa&;\vkyfaqmifrIr[kwfbJ bk&m;ocif\
a&G;cs,frIjzpfonf/
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rdrdZmwdtay:opm&Sdjcif;rSm
tpa&;\vkyfaqmifrI
aMumifhr[kwfbJ? rdrdrnf oljzpfjcif;taMumif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ (a,Z 36;22-32)/
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{vd,xGufajy;oGm;jcif;taMumif;&nfTef;csufwpfckjzpfonf/
11;4 ]]vlckESpfaxmifwkdYudkightbdkY<uif;usefapNyD}} a[NAJvufa&;usrf;\ 3"r 19;18
]]ightbdkY}}rygacs/ (aygvkonf MTESifh LXX udkrudk;um;acs)? bk&m;ocif\a&G;cs,frIav;eufap&ef
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r[kwfacs/
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vlrsdK;rsm;xJyif ,HkMunfolvltenf;pk&SdaMumif;jzpfonf/ aygvkacwfvnf; ,HkMunfolt<uif;
tusef*sL;rsm;&Sdonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m 9;27-28 Munfhyg)/ acwfumvwdkif; ,HkMunfjcif;
w&m;udk wHkYjyefol *sL;tcsdKU&SdNrJjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfol*sL;rsm;udk bk&m;ocif\ *kPmawmfESifh
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om;wdkY\ewfbk&m;rsm;udkjyuf&,fjyKonfhtaejzifh xdkemrnfAsnf;pmvHk;rsm;xJa[jAJwdvdifjzpf
aom ]]t&Suf}} [kt"dyg,fSdonfhbosheth pum;vHk;yg0ifaomo&rsm;udkxnfhoGif;avhSdonf/
11;5-6 4if;wkdYrSmaomhcsufusrf;ydk'frsm;jzpfonf/4if;udk"ra[mif;usrf;xJbk&m;ocif\vkyfaqmifrI
rsm;udkvufSdtajctaeESifhqufpyfay;onf/ uGif;qufrSm bk&m;ocif\*kPmawmftm;jzifha&G;
aumufjcif;jzpfonf/ (9;15?16?18/11;30?31?32)/ bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfrSmyxrt&ifusaomf
YHWH

336

vnf;vlom;\,HkMunfrIvdktyfonf/(rmuk 1;15/ wref 3;16?19/20;21)/ odkYaomfvl\xdkufwef

rIay:tajcjyKjcif;vHk;0r[kwfacs/ ({zuf2;8-9/2wd1;9/ wdwk3;5)/ aygvk\usdK;aMumif;jyaqG;aEG;rI
jzpfaomtcef;MuD;wpfavQuformw&m;rsm;onftjywfqHk;jzwfcsufay;onf/
11;6 ]]odkYr[kwfvQif}} 4if;rSmyxrwef;pm;cRif;csuf0gusrsdK;jzpfumpma&;oltjrifrSm rSefonf[k
rSwf,lxm;jcif;(0g)ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;rSmbk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfaMumifhjzpf
onf/ (3;24 rSwfcsuf? 6;23/ {zuf2;8-9wdkYudkMunfhyg/)
t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf; KJV onf ti,f 6 tqHk;owfpum;pk ]]odkYaomftvkyfaMumifhjzpfvQif?
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onfpum;pkonf/ a&S;a[mif;*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;jzpfonf/ P46, Aleph, A, C, D,G (0g) P ESifh
a&S;a[mif;vufwifbmomjyefusrf;rsm;ryg&Sdaomfvnf; pum;pkonf uGJjym;jcm;em;aomtoGif
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owfrSwfonf/
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om) bmomjyef u srf ; / / 11;7-10/
7
odkYjzpfvQifrnfodkYenf; tpa&;onf rdrd&SmazGaeaomt&mudk r&vdkufaomfvnf;
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9
,aeYwdkifatmifay;awmfrl\}} [la&;om;xm;onfhtwdkif;jzpfonf/
xdkYjyif'g0dwfajym
onfrSm ]]olwdkY\pm;yGJonfausmhuGif;ESifh axmifacsmuf? cvkwfwkdufap&mESifh olwkdYtm;
jyef 'kujyK&mjzpfygap? 9olwkdYrsufpdrjrifapjcif;iS g arS mifrdkuf apNyD; ol wdkY\ausmrsm;
tpOfukef;ygap}} [kqdk\/
11;7 ]]tpa&;onf rdrd &Smaeaomt&mudkr&vdkuf}} 0gusudk *&dusrf;xJ yxrxm;um
aygvk\tawG;udktav;teufjyKonf/ *sL;vlrsdK;trsm;tjym;wdkYonfbk&m;ocifESifh rSefuef&ef&SmazG
Muumbmoma&;yGJvrf;obifrsm;? vlrsdK;a&;tcGifhxl;rsm;ESifh rdrdukd,fwdkifBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIjzifh
vdkufcJhMuonf/ olwdkYonfrdrdwdkYyef;wdkifESifh vGJacsmfoGm;cJhMuonf/ rnfonhfvlom;rQ bk&m;ocif
a&SUawmfr0g<um;&acs/ (1aum 1;29/ {zuf 2;9)/

NASB ]]od k Y a omf a &G ; cs,f j cif ; cH o l r sm;&&S d M uonf } }
NKJV ]]od k Y a omf a &G ; aumuf o l r sm;&&S d M uonf / }}
NRSV ]]a&G ; aumuf o l r sm;&&S d M uonf / }}
TEV ]]&&S d o l r sm;rS m bk & m;ocif a &G ; cs,f a omtk y f p k i ,f u av;omvQif j zpf o nf / }}
NJB ]]od k Y a omf a &G ; cs,f o l v l tenf ; i,f r QuomvQif } }
4if;rSm"ra[mif;t,ltq ]]t<uif;tusef}} jzpfum (txl;taMumif;t&m 9;27-28 Munfh
yg) ae&m 3"r 19;18 yg 7000 wkdYudk&nfTef;onf/ aomhcsufrSmvlom;\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI
vlrsdK;EG,f (0g) bmoma&;udkif;Idif;rIr[kwfbJ (i,f 6) a&G;aumufjcif;twGif;bk&m;ocif\
aus;Zl; awmfjzpfonf/ ({zuf 1;3-14)/
]]usefaomolrsm;acgif;rmMu\}} 4if;rSmAORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ (2aum
3;14)/ bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYudkacgif;rmaponf[kqdkvdkonf/ (ti,f 8-10)/ pdwfrmapolrSm
pmwefrm&fewfjzpfonf/ (2aum 4;4)/ ]]rmaponf }} (poroo) rSmaq;zufoHk;a0g[m&jzpfum
337

tom;rm;wwfjcif; (0g) rsufpduef;jcif;jzpfonf/ (a&mr 11;25/ 2aum 3;14/ {zuf4;18)/

a0g[m&udkyif rmuk 6;52 wrefawmfrsm;ESifh qdkifoHk;onf/ 4if;rSm 9;18 uuGJjym;jcm;em;aom
*&da0g[m&jzpfum (sklrun) *kPmawmfESifh qefYusifbufjzpfonf (a[NAJ 3;8? 15/ 4;7)/
4if;rSmtvGef&Sif;vif;um 11;1-6 \tusOf;csKyfjzpfonf/ tcsdKUaomolwdkYonf a&G;cs,fcH
um,HkMunfcJhMuonf/ a&G;cs,fjcif;rcHolrsm; acgif;rmMuonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap tcef;i,fudk "r
oabmw&m;a<u;aMumfoHtjzpfoD;jcm;a&;om;azmfjyjcif;r[kwfacs/ 4if;rSm "roabmw&m;qkdif&m
usdK;aMumif;jyaqG;aEG;rI\tpdwftydkif;jzpfonf/ usrf;ydk'f&Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonfh ormw&m;ESifh
tcef;BuD; 10 utm;vHk;NcHKaomac:zdwfrIwdkYtMum;wif;rmrI&Sdonf/ ae&mvQdKU0SufzHk;uG,frI
&Sdonf/ odkYaomftajzrSm ESpfckpvHk;SdEdIif;&efr[kwfonfenf;wl ESpfoufp&mraumif;aom a&G;cs,f
p&mESpfckjzpfonf qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,miftpGef;ESpfzuftm;ao;i,fcsHKUoGm;ap&efvnf;r[kwf
acs/
11;8-10 tcef;i,frsm;udk a[&Sm, 29;10 (i,f 8)? w&m;a[m 29;4 (ti,f 8? odkYaomf
a[NAJvufa&;usrf; MT odkYr[kwf LXX rSr[kwfacs/) ESifh qmvH 69;22-23 (i,f 9-11) wkdYrS
,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ if;wkdYonf a[&Sm, 6;9-13 wGifykefuefoltpa&;xHodkYa[&Sm,tm;
apvTwf&efac:zdwfrItm;xif[yfaponf/ a[&Sm,onf bk&m;ocif\Asm'dwfawmfudk jyefMum;
ay;rnfjzpfaomfvnf;bk&m;ocif\vlrsdK;onf rwHkYjyefEdkif? wHkYjyefjcif;rjyKvdkacs/ aygvkrSm 9;13?15?
17 wkYd rSm enf;wltcsdKUaomolwYdk ub
kd &k m;ocifrmaMumapjcif;twGuf "ra[mif;usrf;udkpl;pdkufaejcif;
jzpfonf/
11;8
]]bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYudkrdkufrJaompdwfay;\}}
NRSV, NJB ]]bk & m;ocif o nf ol w d k Y u d k xd k i f ; rd k i f ; aompd w f a y;\}}
TEV ]]bk & m;ocif o nf ol w d k Y\ pd w f E S i f h E S v H k ; tm;awG a 0rd k u f r J a ponf } }
*&dpum;vHk; (katanuxis)udk "ropfusrf; ae&momoHk;um tvGeftmHkzrf;pm;jcif;
jzifhpdwfudkxHkxdkif;aprItwGufoHk;onf/
11;10 ]]olwkdYrsufpdrjrifapjcif;iSgarSmifrdkufapNyD;? olwkdYausmrsm;tpOfukef;ygap}} if;rSm
AORIST ACTIVE IMPERATIVE
vdkufvmonfh AORIST PASSIVE IMPERATIVE wpfck
jzpfonf/ if;rSmbk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPmawmfESifh vlom;\wHkYjyefrIvdktyfyHk\ vQdKU0Suf
zHk;uG,faomt&mjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf t&mcyfodrf;\rlv&if;jrpf? t&mcyfodrf; tm;tpjyKol
jzpfaomfvnf; rdrd\tcsKyftcsmtmPmawmfjzifh trdefYxkwfjyefonfrSmrdrdzefqif;jcif;\ txG#f
txdyfvlom;rsm;onfrdrdtm;vGwfvyfpGmwHkYjyefapvdkjzpf\/ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh wHkHYjyefrIrjyKol
rsm;onfrdrdwdkY\r,HkMunfrItxJcdkifrmapjcif; (olwkdY\a&G;cs,frI? tqHk;owfjcif;jyKrI) cHMuonf/
4if;ESifhwqufwnf; aygvkonftm'H\uav;rsm;tm;vHk;a&G;EIwf&ef bk&m;ocif\xm0&tpD
tpOfudkazmfjyonf/ *sL;vlrsdK;\r,HkMunfrIonf wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;twGuf ,HkMunfjcif;wHcg;zGifh
ay;vdrfhrnfjzpfNyD;? tpa&;vlrsdK;wdkY\ remvdkrIonfolwdkYukd e*dkrlvtajctaeoYdkjyefa&muf
apvdrfhrnf! if;rSmz,f&Sm;&ef pDrHcsufr[kwfbJ?yg0ifap&ef ({zuf2;11-3;13)pDrHcsufjzpfonf/
rmaMumjcif;onf ydkrkdBuD;rm;aom&dwfodrf;rItwGufjzpfonf/ (Oyrm -zgdk)!
NASB, NKJV

338

NASB

(aemuf qHk;jyif qif aom) bmomjyef usrf;/ / 11;11-16

11

odkYjzpfvQifigqdkonfum; tpa&;vlrsKd;wdkYonf vJatmifcvkwfwdkufMuonfr[kwf

avm rnfonfhtcgrQrjzpfEdkif&m! odkYaomfolwkdY\vGefusL;rIaMumifh wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;
12
twGufu,fwifjcif;a&mufvm&m if;rSmolwkdYudkremvdkpdwf&Sdap&efjzpfonf/ ,ckolwkdY\
vGefusL;jcif;onf
avmuDom;wdkYtwGuf<u,f0rIjzpfum?
olwdkY\vJjcif;onfwpfyg;
trsdK;om;rsm;twG uf <u,f0rI jzpfonfqdk vQifolwdk Y\ jynfhpHk jcif; onf ydkjzpf OD; rnfr[kwf
13
avmh !
odkYaomf igonfwpfyg;trsdK;om;jzpfaom oifwkdYudkajymjcif;jzpf\/ wpfyg;
trsdK;om;rsm;twGuf wrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfonfE SifhtnD? ig\trIawmfvkyfief;udktrGrf;wif
14
um?
ig\trsdK;om;csif;rsm;udkwenf;enf;jzifh
remvdkpdwfjzpfapEdkifygujzpfapvQuf?
15
tcsdKUaomolwkdYudku,fwifEdkif&efjzpfonf/
taMumif;rlum; olwdkYudkjiif;qefjcif;onf
avmuDom;wdkYtwGuf jyefvnfoifhjrwfjcif;jzpfonfqdkvQif? olwdkYtm;vufcHjcif;onf
aojcif;rStouf&Sifjcif;jzpfvdrfhrnfr[kwfavm 16tOD;e,faomrkYHoefY&Sif;vQif? rkefYpdrf;
vnf;oeYf&Sif;onf/ tjrpfoefY&Sif;vQif? tudkif;rsm;vnf;oefY&Sif;onf/
11;11 ]]okYdjzpfvQif? igqdkonfum;}} if;rSm 11;1 enf;wla[majymrIynmqdkif&mpum;pkjzpfonf/
if;rSm"roabmw&m;tm;usdK;aMumif;jyaqG;aEG;&mwGif aygvkoHk;aomenf;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ ti,f
1-10 wGiftpa&;tm;vHk;bk&m;ocifrjiif;y,faMumif;ajymum? ti,f 11-24 rltpa&;\jiif;y,f
cHjcif;onftNrJr[kwfaMumif;ESifh if;rSm&nf&G,fcsufESifh jzpfaMumif;ti,f 11-24 ajymygonf/
if;rSwpfqifh wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;yg0ifvmMuonf/

NASB ]]vJ a tmif c vk w f w k d u f M uonf r [k w f a vm
NKJV,NRSV
TEV
NJB

}}

]]vJ&rnftaMumif;cvkwfwdkufcJhMuNyDr[kwfavm }}

]]*sL;wdkYcvkwfwdkufonfhtcg ysufpD;&efvJMuonfr[kwfavm }}
]]*sL;wkdYtNrJvJcJhMuNyDavm odkYr[kwf cvkwfwdkuf rdMuHko avm }}
tajz ]]r}} udkarQmfvifhonf/ tpa&;\r,HkMunfrIrSmtNrJr[kwfacs/

NASB ]]ol w d k Y \ vG e f u sL;jcif ; }}
NKJV ]]ol w k d Yv J j cif ; rS w qif h } }
NRSV ]]ol w d k Y c vk w f w d k u f r d j cif ; rS w qif h } }
TEV ]]ol w d k Y tjypf j yKMujcif ; aMumif h } }

]]olwk dY\vJ jcif;}}

usrf;pum;tquftpyft& if;onfa,Itm;ar&Sd, t&Siftjzpf*sL;vlrsdK;wkdY\ jiif;y,frI
udk&nfTef;onf/
]]wpf y g;trsd K ;om;wd k Y t wG u f u ,f w if j cif ; a&muf v monf } } if;onfyxr&mpkESpf *sL;rsm;
twGuf rnfrQxdwfvefYbG,f&mazmfjyrIjzpfvdrfhrnfenf;/ (i,f 12/ wref 13;46/ 18;6/ 22;21/
28;28)/
]]ol w d k Y u d k r emvd k p d w f & S d a p&ef } } 10;19 ESifh 11;14 wkdYvnf; ]]remvdk}} [laoma0g[m&
awGU&onf/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;yg0ifvm&efbk&m;ocif\tpDtpOf &nf&G,fcsufESpf&yf&Sdonf/
NJB

339

1/
vlom;pkwpf&yfvHk;tm;bk&m;ocifa&G;EIwfjcif;/
2/
aemifw&olt<uif;tusef tpa&;tm;wpfOD;csif; ,HkMunfrIjyefvnf&Sdapjcif;/
uREfkyftaejzifhrl # 2yg&Sdjcif;&Sdr&Sd roJuGJacs/
1/
uyfumv\tqHk; *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;\jyefvnfEdk;Mum;rI (Zm 12;10)/
2/
yxr&mpkESpfESifh &mpkESpfwdkif;&Sd *sL;vlrsdK;,HkMunfolrsm;/
3/
acwfopfumvar&Sd,*sL;bk&m;ausmif; (*sL;,HkMunfol) rsm;rSm xdkuwdawmfjynfhpHkrIjzpfEdkif
onf/

340

11;12-14 tcef;i,frsm; *sL;vlrsdK;wdkY\ r,HkMunfrIESifhwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;\ ,HkMunfrIwdkY qufpyfaom

cRif;csufyg0guswpfq,fck &Sdonf ti,f 12? 14? 15? 16? 17? 18? 21? 24 wdkYrSm yxrwef;pm;
cRif;csuf0gusrsm;jzpfNyD;?
4if;wdkYrSm
pma&;ol\tjrifrS
rSefonf[krSwf,lxm;jcif;odkYr[kwf
ol\
pma&;[efjzpfonf/ ti,f 22ESifh23wdkYrSmrl wwd,wef;pm;cRif;csuf0gusrsm;jzpfNyD;? tem*wf vkyf
aqmifEdkifacs&SdaMumif; azmfjyrIjzpfonf/
11;12
NASB olwdkY\jynfhpHkjcif;onf

ydkjzpfrnfr[kwfavm
NKJV olwdkY\jynfhpHkjcif;onfrnfrQydk
NRSV olwdkYtjynfhtpHkyg0ifjcif;onf rnfrQydk t"dyg,f
TEV odkYjzpfvQif*sL;vlrsdK;OD;a& tjynfhtpHkyg0ifonfhtcg rnfrQydkrkdBuD;rm;aom aumif;csD;r*Fvmjzpf vdrfhrnf
enf;
NJB olwdkYtm;vHk;ajymif;vJjcif;onf rnfrQydk tusdK;jzpfxGef;rnfudk pOf;pm;Munfhyg
teufjyef&eftcuftcJqHk;rSm olwdkY\jynfhpHkjcif; [laom a0g[m&jzpfonf/ qdkvdk&if;rSm (1)
u,fwifjcif;&&Sdol*sL;rsm; ti,f 14?16? odkYr[kwf (2) ,HkMunfol*sL;rsm;ESifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;teuf
aemufqHk;ydwf ta&twGufavmh
11;13 igonfwyg;trsKd;om;jzpfaom oifwdkYukdajymjcif;jzpf\ tcef;BuD; 9-11 onf *sL;wdkYonfar&dS
,t&Sifudk tb,faMumifhjiif;qefcJhMuoenf; qdkaom ar;cGef;udk tajzay;onfh pmpkwpfckjzpfonf/ rnfodkY
jzpfap aygvkonfMo0g'pmxJ? olYwifjyrI\ ae&m ar;cGef;ar;&ef tb,faMumifh cHpm;&
oenf;[laom ar;cGef;rSmrl qufvufusef&Sdaeayonf/
ti,f 13-24?25 onf a&mrNrdKYtoif;awmftwGif; *sL;rsm;ESifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm; tMum; vlrsKd;a&;
jyoemudk xif[yfae[ef&Sdonf/ ,HkMunfol*sL;ESifh ,HkMunfolwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;Mum;avm? odkYr[kwf?
,HkMunfolwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;ESifh r,HkMunfol *sL;rsm;tMum;avm raocsmay/
igonfwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf wrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfonf aygvkonfwyg;trsKd;om;rsm; urmodkY

trIawmfvkyfief;aqmif&Guf&ef zdwfac:cH&aMumif;ppfrSefpGm cHpm;&onf/ (wref 9;15? 22;21? 26;17/ a&mr

1;5/ 15;16/ *vm 1;16/ 2;7?9/ 1wd2;7/ 2wd4;17)

NASB, NKJV ig\trIawmfvkyfief;udk

igtrGrf;wif
NRSV
ig\trIawmfvkyfief;udk igcsD;ajrSmuf
TEV
ig\tvkyf ig0g<um;rnf
NJB
apvGwfcH&jcif;udk ig*kPf,lonf
trGrf;wif (tus,fcsJY) qdkaoma0g[m&\ t"dyg,frSm
(1) aus;Zl;wif&Sdjcif; (2) 0g<um;jcif; odkYr[kwfjzpfEdkifonfrSm (3) wpfpkHwpf&mtm; taumif;qkH;
tjzpfEdkifqkH;jzpfapjcif;tm;
qdkvkdjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
if;onfvnf;
a&mrNrdKYtoif;awmfwGif;
jyoemwpf&yfudk ay:vGifapjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ aygvkonf (1) wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm; tapcH&jcif;udk
341

0rf;omonf/
odkYr[kwf
(2)
ol\
trIawmfvkyfief;onf
r,kHMunfolusL;rsm;udk
remvdkpdwfjzpfay:apjcif;jzifh olwdkYu,fwifjcif;&&Sdaponfudk jrifonf/ (i,f 11;14 ESifh 9;1-3)/
11;14 ]]tcsKdUaom olwdkYu,fwif}} if;rSm owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;twGuf aygvktm; zdwfac:rljzpfonf/
tcsdKUaom olwdkUonf owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;tm; wHkUjyefrIjyKum (1aum 1;21) tcsKdUwdkYurl xdkodkY
jyKMurnfr[kwfaMumif; aygvkod&Sdonf/ (1aum 9;22) if;rSm a&G;aumufjcif;\ vQKdU0SufzkH;uG,faom
t&mjzpfonf/ ("ra[mif;ESifh "ropf)!
11;15 ("ra[mif;acwfu a&G;cs,faom (ti,f 1 ESifhuJGjym;aomtjcm;pum;vkH;) tpa&;tm;jiif;y,fjcif;onf
vlom;tm;vkH; (kosmos) a&G;cs,f&ef bk&m;ocif\ tMuHtpnf\ tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\
udk,fudkudk,f ajzmifhrwfapjcif;? vlrsKd;pJGrmeESifh enf;Oya'o0g'onf ,kHMunfjcif;vdktyfrIudk jyif;xefaponf/
(9;30-33) YHWH ESifh ol\ ar&Sd, tm; ,kHMunfjcif;onf rSefuefaom em;vnfjcif;\ aomhcsufjzpfum?
vlom;\ bmoma&;vkyfaqmifrI r[kwfacs/ odkYaomf tpa&;tm; jiif;y,fjcif;onf vlom;xkwpf&yfvkH;tm;
a&G;cs,f&ef tMuHtpnfawmfjzpfaMumif;owd&yg/ *sL;jzpfap *sL;r[kwfolwyg;trsKd;om;jzpfap vlom;taejzifh
rmewufp&m taMumif;r&Sdacs/ onfrSm a&mrtoif;awmfMum; od&efvdktyfaom owif;pum;yifjzpfonf!
]]avmuDom;wdkY jyefvnfoifhjrwfjcif;}} if;rSm "roabmw&m;tm;jzifh ]]bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;}} ESifh

qifwljzpfonf/ aygif;pyf a0g[m&rSm kata taygif; alasso jzpfNyD; (ajymif;vJonf? toGifajymif;onf) [l

jzpf\/ if;onf &efvdkjcif;tm; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh vJvS,fjcif;jzihf rsufESmomjyef&jcif;udk &nfnTef;onf (a&mr
5;11/ 11;15/ 2 aum? 5;18? 19)/ bk&m;ocifonf {'if rdwfo[m,jzpfrI jyefvnf&&Sd&ef BudK;pm;onf/
tjypfonf xdkrdwfo[m,udk ysufpD;apcJhaomfvnf; c&pfawmfonf ,HkMunfjcif; usifhoHk;ol? usqif;aom
vlom;wdkif; bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfudk jyefvnfjzpfay:aponf/ jyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif;ESifh
vufoifhcHjcif; &&Sdaponf/ (ti,f 15 ESifh usrf;NydKif jzpfonf)/ xdk&if;ESD;uRrf;0ifrIudk vlom;jyef
r,lEkdifaomfvnf;? bk&m;ocif jyef,lEdkifum? ,lvnf; ,lcJhonf/
]]odkYaomf

aojcif;rS touf&Sifjcif;odkY}} usrf;pum; tquftpyf oabmt& tpa&;vlrsdK;udk

ajymjcif;jzpfojzifh
1/ tpa&;tm; trsdK;om;xk wpf&yftaejzifh jyefvnfxlaxmifvmrIudk &nfnTef;jcif;avm
2/ *sL;ESifh wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;\ ]]eHygwftjynfhtpHk}} udk &nfnTef;jcif;avmh (0dnmOf tpa&; 9;6/
11;25-26)/
3/ uyfumvtopf\ b0jzpfaom (6;13) jyef&Sifxajrmufaom b0udk ajymjcif;avm

uREkfyfonf #3 udk oabmusygonf/ uREkfyf\ taMumif;jycsufrsm;twGuf ]]tjywfqHk;jzwfay;aom

ed'gef;ysdK;aqmif;yg;}} (Crucial Introductory Article) tm; tcrJh tGefvdkif; www.freebiblecommentary.org wGif
Asm'dwfusrf; teufzGifhusrf;wGif Munfhyg)/
11;16 ]]tOD;qHk;e,faomrkefY oefY&Sif;vQif rkefUpdrf;vnf; oefY&Sif;onf/}} if;rSm yxrqef;pm; cRif;csuf
0gusrsdK;jzpfum pma&;oltjrifrS rSefonf[k rSwf,lxm;jcif; (0g) ol\ pma&;[efjzpfonf/ awmvnf 15;1721 tm; &nfnTef;onfh "ra[mif;usrf;\ tOD;oD; (odkYr[kwf q,fbdkY wpfbdkY)qdkif&m cH,lcsufESifhqifwlaom
wifpm;rI wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ tOD;oD;rsm;onf &dwfodrf;aomoD;ESH wpfckvHk; bk&m;&Sif ydkifqdkifaMumif; jyo&ef
ay;vSLjcif; jzpfonf/
342

a&S;acwf ,HkMunfol*sL;t<uif;tusefwdkYonf olwdkY\ trsdK;om;xk wpf&yfvHk;tm; tusdK;oufa&muf

vsuf &SdaeqJ jzpfonf/ (urm 18;27-33? 2 &mZ0if 7;14)/ ]tOD;e,faom rkefY} [laom wifpm;azmfjyrIonf
]tjrpf} [laom wifpm;azmfjyrIESifh tvm;wljzpfum (a,& 11;16-17) ESpfrsdK;pvHk;onf opm&Sdaom tpa&;?
txl;ojzifh "ra[mif;usrf; (i,f 28) ueOD;bdk;ab;rsm;udk &nfnTef;ygonf (tjrpf - ti,f 16-17)/

NASB

(aemufqHk; jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/

17

/ 11;17-24

odkYaomf tudkif;tcsdKUwdkY ckwfjzwfjcif; cHum? oHviG fyiftdkif;jzpfaom oifhtm; if;wdkYtxJ quf

pdkufojzifhoHvGifyiftjrpf\ <u,f0rIudk olwdkYESifh wJGzuf &&Sdoljzpfvmygu? 18tudkif;rsm; tay:r0g<um;ESifh/
odkYaomf 0g<um;ygu oifonf tjrpfudk raxmuf tjrpfuomoifhudk axmufjcif;jzpfonf/ 19oifonf
]]igquf pdkufEdkif&ef tudkif;rsm; ckwfjzwfcH&onf}} [kqdkvdrfhrnf/ 20olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ r,HkMunfrIaMumifh
ckwfjzwfcH&onfrSm rSeaf omfvnf; oifonf oif\ ,HkMunfjcif; tm;jzifh &yfwnfonf/ rdrdudk,frdrd
txifrBuD;bJ? aMumufwwfavmh/ 21tMumif;rSm bk&m;ocifonf obm0tudkif;rsm;udk rnSmwmygu?
oifhudkvnf; nmwmvdrfhrnfr[kwfacs/ 22xdkYaMumifhbk&m;ocif\ oem;MuifemrIESifh cufxefrmausmjcif;udk
Munfhyg/ vJaomolrsm;tay: cufxefrmausmaomfvnf; oifonf oem;Muifemawmfrljcif; qufaeygu
oifhtay:bk&m;ocifoem; Muifemonf/ odkYr[kwfvQif oifhudkvnf;ckwfjzwfvdrfhrnf/ 23olwdkYonfvnf;
rdrdwdkY\ r,HkMunfrI rqufvufbJaecJhMuygu? quf pdkufysdK;jcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf/ taMumif;rSm
bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYudk jyef qufpdkuf&ef wwfpGrf;Edkifonf/ 24tb,faMumifhqdkaomf obm0tm;jzifh
oHvGifyiftdkif;jzpfaom oifhudkckwfjzwfum obm0ESifh qefYusifvsuf? oHvGifyif pdkufjcif;cH&onfqdkvQif
obm0tudkif;rsm;udk if;wdkY\ udk,fydkifoHvGifyif tb,frQ ydkrdkqufum pdkufysdK;OD;rnfenf;
11;17-24 tHhMobG,f&myif pmydk'f&Sd ]]oif}} you qdkonfrSm tenf;jyyk'fjzpfonf/ (i,f25
rltrsm;jyyk'fjzpfonf) if;onf bmudkqdkvdkoenf;
1/ wyg;trsdK;om;wpf&yfvHk;tm; yHkaqmifcsuftjzpfwyg;trsdK;om;wpfa,muf
2/ a&mrtoif;awmftwGif; *sL;ESifhwyg;trsdK;om;rsm; Mum;acgif;aqmifjyemaMumifh ,ckvuf&Sdwyg;
trsdK;om;acgif;aqmifudk &nfnTef;onf (i,f 18-20)
11;17 ]]ygu}} 11;12-24 rSwfcsuf Munfhyg/
]]tudkif;rsm;ckwfjzwf}}

if;onf
]]obm0tudkif;rsm;}} ti,f 12)

r,HkMunfoltpa&;rsm;udk

&nfnTef;onf/

(i,f

18?19?

]]oHvGifyiftdkif;}} if;onf owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;a[majymrIwHkYjyefrIudkjyKaom ,HkMunfolwpfyg;

trsdK;om;rsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/

]]quf pdkufjcif;cH&onf}} aygvkonf ti,f 16 pcJhaom pdkufysdK;a&;qdkif&m wifpm;rIudk qufvuf onf/

oHvGifyif dkif;\ tcufrsm;udk cdkifchHNyD; tyifwpfyifay: quf pkdufysdK;jcif;onf txGufwdk;aponf/ (i,f 24)

]]tjrpf\ <u,f0rI}} vufa&;pm\ vHk;aphywfaph pum;pkrSm ]]tqD\tjrpf^ tqDtjrpf}} jzpfonf/

(UBS4 ) onf MSS/Aleph, B, C awGY&aom4if;udk

343

]]bD}} tqifh (aocsmoavmuf) owfrSwfonf/ a&m,SufaerIudk &Sif;vif;ap&eftm;xkwfaom

*&dvufa&;usrf; tawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdonf/ (Bruce Metzger, A Textual Commentary in the Greek New Testament, p.
526).

]]oHvGifyif}} if;rSm tpa&;trsdK;om;rsm;tm; yHkaqmifcsufwpfckjzpfonf/ (i,f 24/ qmvH 52;8/ 128;3

a,&? 11;16/ a[ma&S? 14;6) if;rSm *sL;ESifhwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tMum;

"ra[mif;usrf;\ 'kwd,ajrmufwifpm;rIjzpfonf/

qufoG,frI

azmfjyonfh

11;18 ]]tudkif;rsm; tay:r0g<um;ESifh}} if;rSm PRESENT IMPERATIVE ESifh NEGATIVE PARTICLE jzpfNyD;
qufvufjzpfay:aeNyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfck &yfwHah ponf[k t"dyg,f&Sd avh&Sdonf/ usrf;csuftjyif
ti,f 13? 20? 25 wdkYonf a&mrtoif;awmftwGif; ,HkMunfol*sL;ESifh wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tMum; jyemwpfck
&Sdonf[k qdkvdk&ma&mufonf/
11;19-20 ti,f19onf tjcm;a0befpm (jiif;qefol&Sdae[ef) wpfckjzpfonf/ *sL;rsm; jiif;y,fawmfrl
cH&jcif;taMumif; aygvk&Sif;vif;onf/ if;rSm olwdkY\ r,HkMunfrIaMumifhjzpfNyD; wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm; ydk
cspfawmfrljcif;cH&aomaMumifh r[kwfacs/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;onf bk&m;ocif\ arwmawmf(urm 3;15) ESifh
olwdkY\ ,HkMunfrIaMumifhom yg0ifvmMujcif;jzpfonf/ olwdkYonfvnf; remvdkaom *sL;rsm; bk&m;ocifxHodkY
jyefvm&ef taMumif;&if;jzpfay:apEdkifMuonf/ (ti,f 11?14)
11:20
NASB ''odkYaomfoifonfoif\ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh &yfwnfonf/}}
NKJV ''oifonf,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh &yfwnf\/}}
NRSV ''odkYaomfoifonf,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhom&yfwnf\/}}
TEV ''oifonf ,HkMunfojzifh ae&mqufvufaepOf}}
NJB ''oifonftcdkiftrm qkyfudkifaeqJjzpfonfqdkygu oif\,HkMunfjcif;udk

aus;Zl;wif&efomjzpfonf/}}
if;rSm PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE wpfckjzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap if;rSm cRif;csuf
0gusq,fcktxJyg0ifonf/ bk&m;ocif\ a&SYawmfarSmuf uRefawmfwdkY &yfwnfaejcif;rSm ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
jzpfNyD; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh qufvufaeonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;&yfqdkif;ygu? uRefawmfwdkY\ &yfwnfcsuf
&yfqdkif;onf/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf (1),HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh tpjyKwHkUjyefjcif; (2) ,HkMunfjcif;
&Sdaomtaetxm; (3) ,HkMunfjcif; qufvufaejcif;ESifh (4) aemufqHk;wGif,HkMunfjcif; tjrifhqHk;odkY
a&muf&Sdjcif;^ NyD;qHk;oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ormw&m;rsm; teuf wpfckwnf;udkomvQif pl;pdkufaom
"roabmw&m;wpfckcktm; owdxm;yg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / u,fwifjcif;twGuf oHk;aom *&dumvjy
Bud,mrsm; 10;4 Munfhyg/
bk&m;ocifonf u,fwifjcif;pxGifol? tpjyKol? axmufrolESifh NyD;qHk;apoljzpfaomfvnf;
y#dOmOfw&m;\ abmiftwGif;jzpfonf/ olonf tjypfjynfhaom vlom;rsdK;EG,ftm; jzpfpOf\
ajcvSrf;wdkif; aemifwESifh ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh wHkYjyefrIjyKum? qufvufwHkYjyefoGm;&ef a&G;cs,fonf/ olonf
emcHjcif;? c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;ESifh pGJNrJjcif;arQmfvifhonf/

NASB ]]udk,fudkudk,ftxifrBuD;bJ? aMumufwwfavmh}}

NRJV ]]armufrmjcif;r&SdbJ? aMumufwwfavmh}}

344

NRSV ]]xdkYaMumifhrmerBuD;bJ? xdwfvefYtHhMoavmh}}

TEV ]]if;aMumifhrmerBuD;ESifh/ xdkodkYjzpf&rnfhtpm; aMumufavmh}}
NJB ]]oifhudkrmeBuD;aponfxuf? aMumufap&ygrnf}}

azmfjycsufESpfckpvkH; PRESENT IMPERATIVE rsm; jzpfonf/ t&ifyxrrSm NEGATIVE

PARTICLE jzpfjyD; qufuyfcJhNyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfck&yfwhHoGm;jcif;[k t"dyg,f&Sdavh&Sdonf/ if;onf
a&mr toif;awmf twGif; jyemwpfck&SdaMumif;azmfjyonf/ aMumuf&rnfhtaMumif;&if; ti,f 21
azmfjyonf/
11;21 ]]oifhudkvnf; nSmvdrfhrnfr[kwf}} tpa&;onf r,kHMunfjcif; rmejzifh YHWH xHrS xGufoGm;um?
,kHMunfjcif;w&m;udk pGefYy,f ckwfypfjcif;cHcJh&onfenf;wl? toif;awmfonf rmewufum? rdrdudk,frdrd
ajzmifhrwfapjyD;? c&pfawmftm;,kHMunfjcif;udk pGefYvGwfygu ckwfjzwfcHvdrfhrnf/ tpjyKaom ,kHMunfjcif;udk
,kHMunfaom touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHonfvdkufygvm&\/ (rJ 13;1-13/ rmuk 4;1-12/ vkum 8;4-10) rmeudk
qufvufckcHoGm;&ygrnf/ uRefawmfwkdYrSm aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh jzpfonftwdkif;yifjzpfMujyD; c&pfawmfudk
,kHMunfudk;pm;oltm;vkH;ESifh nDtpfudkcsif;jzpfMuonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /,kHMunfjcif;udk pGefYy,fjcif;

(Aphistmi)

*&da0g[m& aphistmi rSm t"dyg,f us,fjyefYaom pum;vkH;wpfckjzpfonf/ t*Fvdyfa0g[m& apostasy

onf a0g[m&rS qif;oufvmNyD;? acwfopfpmIolrsm;twGuf if;\ okH;EIef;ykHrSm xifaMu;trsKd;rsKd;&Sdonf/
MudKwif t"dyg,fowfrSwfcsufay;rIrsm;tm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? usrf;pum;tquftpyfoabmuomvQif t"dyg,f
em;vnfEdkif&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/
if;rSm aygif;pyf a0g[m&wpfckjzpfum ]]rS}} (0g) ]]ta0;}}[l t"dyg,f&Sdaom apo ESifh ]]xdkifonf}}
]]xonf}} odkYr[kwf ]]wyfqifonf fix (owfrSwfonf? pJGNrJaponf)[kt"dyg,f&aom histmi tm;
aygif;pyfjcif; jzpfonf/ "roabmr[kwfaom atmufygtokH;tEIef; wdkYudk Munfhyg/
1/ kyf0wKtm;jzifh z,f&Sm;jcif;
(u) AdrmefawmfrS? vkum 2;37
(c) aetdrfrS? rmuk 13;34
(*) vlwa,mufrS rmuk 12;12/ 14;50/ wrefawmf 5;38
(C) t&mtm;vkH;rS rJ 19;27?29
2/ EdkifiHa&;t&z,f&Sm;jcif;? wref 5;37
3/ qufpyfrIz,f&Sm;jcif;? wref 5;38/ 15;38/ 19;9/ 22;29
4/ w&m;Oya't& z,f&Sm;jcif; (vifr,m;uGm&Sif;jcif;) w&m; a[m 24;1?3 (LXX) ESifh "ropf rJ 5;31/
19;7/ rmuk 10;4/ 1aum 7;11/
5/ ta<u;z,f&Sm;jcif; rJ 18;24
6/ xGufcGgoGm;jcif;tm;jzifh roufqdkifaMumif; jyojcif;? rJ 4;20/ 22;27/ a,m 4;28/ 16;32
7/ rxGufoGm;bJ aejcif;jzifh oufqdkifrIjyojcif; a,m 8;29/ 14;18
8/ cGifhjyKonf/ rJ 13;30/ 19;14/ rmuk 14;6/ vkum 13;8/ "roabmw&m;tm;jzifh if;\
Mud,mudkvnf; us,fjyefYpGm okH;onf/
(1) tjypf&Sdjcif;udk z,fzsufonf? cGifhvGwfonf? tjypfvGwfonf/ xGuf 32;32 (LXX)/ awmvnf 14;19/
a,mb 42;10 ESifh "ropf rJ 6;12?14-15/ rmuk 11;25-26
345

(2) tjypfudk a&SmifMuOfjcif;? 2wd 2;19

(3)xGufoGm;jcif;tm;jzifh vpfvsLIjcif;
u/ ynwfw&m;awmf? rJ 23;23/ wref 21;21
c/ ,kHMunfjcif;w&m;/ ayZ 20;8 (LXX)/ vkum 8;13/ 2ouf 2;3/ 1wd 4;1/ a[jAJ 2;13
acwfopf,kHMunfolrsm;onf "ropfa&;om;olrsm; pOf;pm;cJhbl;jcif;&Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwfaom "roabm
w&m; ar;cGef;rsm;pGmar;Muonf/ 4if;wdkYteufwpfckuyif acwfopfumvwGif ,HkMunfjcif;rS z,fcGm oGm;vdkpdwf
jzpfay:apvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocif\ vlrsm;txJ0ifygu? olwdkYwpHkw&m jzpfyGg;cJholrsm; ormusrf;pmxJ&Sdonf/

u/ "ra[mif;usrf;

1/ axmufvSrf;olwpfq,fha,mufwdkY\ owif;ydkYcsufMum;&olrsm;/ awmvnf 14? a[NAJ 3;16-19/

2/ aum&? awmvnf 16
3/ {vd\om;rsm;? 1"r2?4
4/ a&Smvkrif;? 1"r11-31
5/ ya&mzuftwkrsm; (\Oyrmrsm;)
(u) w&m;a[m 13;1-5/ 18;19-22 (ya&mzuftwkjzpfaMumif;od&ef enf;vrf;rsm;)
(c) a,&rd 28
(*) a,Zausv 13;1-7
6/ ya&mzufrtwkrsm;
(u) a,Zausv 13;17
(c) ae[rd 6;16
7/ qdk;oGrf;aomtpa&;acgif;aqmifrsm; (\Oyrmrsm;)
u/ a,&rd 5;30-31/ 8;1-2/ 23;1-4
c/ a,Zausv 22;23-31
*/ rdum 3;5-12

c/ "ropfusrf;
1/ *&da0g[m&rSm (apostasize) jzpfonf/ c&pfawmf 'kwd,tMudrfjyefvnf r<uvmrDjyif;xefaom
qdk;oGrf;rIESifh rSm;,Gif;aom oGefoifrIrsm;jzpfay:rnftaMumif; "ropfusrf;ESpfckpvkH;utwnfjyKonf/ (roJ
24;24/ rmuk 13;22/ wref 20;29?30/ 2ouf 2;9-12/ 2wd 4;4) *&d[m&onf roJ 13/ rmuk 4ESifh vkum
8 wdkY awGU&aom rsKd;aphMuJjcif; Oyrmyga,&Iajymonfh pum;vkH;rsm;udk xif[yfjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ tqdkyg
rSm;,Gif;aom q&morm;wdkYrSm c&pf,mefr[kwfMuaMumif;aocsmaomfvnf; (toif;awmf) txJrSyif
jzpfMuonf/ (wref 20;29-30/ 1a,m 2;19) rnfodkYjzpfapolwdkYonf r&ifhusufaom ,kHMunfolrsm;udk
jzm;a,mif;zrf;pm;EdkifpGrf;&SdMuonf/ (a[jAJ 3;12)
"roabmw&m;t& ar;cGef;rSm xdkrSm;,Gif;aom q&morm;wdkYonf ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfcJhMubl;oavm[l
jzpfonf/ a'oE& toif;awmfrsm;xJyif rSm;,Gif;aom twkta,mifq&morm;rsm;&Sdaeojzifh ar;cGef;rSm
ajzqdk&cufcJonf/ (1a,m 2;18-19)/ rdrdwdkY\ "roabmw&m; ESifh *dkPf;*e tpOftvm wdkYonf
arcGef;ar;cJhMuaomfvnf; wdusaom usrf;taxmuftxm;rygacs/ (rdrd\ wzufapmif;eif; t,l0g'tm;
346

twnfjyK&ef usrf;csufwcsuftm; 4if;\ usrf;pum;tquftpyfudk r,lbJ? udk;um;jcif;jyKMu&kHom&Sdonf)

2/ jrifomaom ,kHMunfjcif;
(u) ,k'? a,m17;12
(c) ewfq&m&Sdrkef? wrefawmf 8
(*) roJ 7;13-23 u ajymaomolrsm;
(C) roJ 13/ rmuk 4/ vkum 8 xJuvlrSm;
(i) a,m[ef 8;31-59u *sL;rsm;/
(p) 1wd 1;19-20 u [kareJESifh tmavujEK
(q) 2wd 4;10 xJu 'dr
(Z) 2wd 2;19-22/ ,k' 12-19 u q&morm;twkta,mifrsm;
(ps) tEDc&pf 1a,m 2;18-19
3/ toD;rJhaom ,kHMunfjcif;
(u) 1aum 3;10-15
(c) 2ay 1;8-11
udp uRefawmfwdkYpOf;jcif;jyKavhr&SdMuacs/ taMumif;rSm uRefawmfwdkY\ enf;pepfus "roabmw&m;
systematic theology onf nTefMum;xm;onfh tajzrsm; (uJvfAift,l0g'? tmareD t,l0g'pojzifh)
udkom tm&kHaqmifoifay;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ uREfkyftm;udpudk wifjyvmjcif;aMumifh tjypfwifrapm&ef
arwm&yfcHyg&ap/
uRefawmf\
qErSm
oifhavsmfvkHavmufaom
teufzGifhjcif;vkyfxkH;
vkyfenf;jzpfapvdkrIjzpfonf/
uREkfyf\qErSm
ormusrf;pmtm;
rdrdwdkYudk
pum;ajymcGifhjyK&efESifh
wiful;csrSwfxmaom "roabmw&m;wpfcktwGif; 4if;udk ykHpHoGif;&ef rMudK;pm;Mua&;twGufjzpfonf/ 4if;rSm
tcH&cufum? xdwfvefYMuonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkawmf uRefawmfwdkY\ "roabmw&m; theology onf
*dkPf;*e? xkH;wrf;pOfvm (0)) awmfpyfrI? qufpyfrI (rdbrsm;? rdwfaqGrsm;? oif;tkyfq&m) rsm; tm;jzifh
omvQifjzpfum ormusrf;enf;r[kwfacs/ bk&m;ocif\ vlrsm;txJ vltcsKdUwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\
vlrsm;txJryg&ef&SdMuonf/ (a&mr 9;6)
11;22 ]]bk&m;ocif\ oem;Muifemjcif;ESifh cufxefrmausmjcif;}} bk&m;ocif\ vrf;rsm;onf usqif;cJhNyD;aom
vlom;twGufqefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,mifxif&avh&Sdonf/ (a[&Sm 55;8-11)/ uREkfyfwdkY jyKonfh
a&G;cs,frIkwdkif; tusKd;qufrsm;&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocif\ a&G;aumufjcif;onf vlom;\ wm0ef&SdrIudk ry,facs/
tpa&;vlrsKd;tm; a&G;aumufjcif;onf olwdkYwpfOD;csif;pDtwGuf u,fwifrIudk tmrcHay;jcif; rjyKacs/
]]oifonf oem;awmfrIjcif; qufaeygu}}

4if;rSm present subjunetive ygaom wwd,wef;pm;

cRif;csufyg0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/ o'gzJGUpnf;ykH\ t"dyg ,frSm wyg;trsKd;om; ,kHMunfolrsm;\ qufvufrIrSm
cRif;csufESifhjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ (4if;rSm a&mr 9 &Sd bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmawmf\
tjcm;wzufjzpfonf) uREkyfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif; pGJjrJ&ef ZJG&SdMu&ygrnf/ (zd 2;12-13)/ 4if;rSm
wpfckwpfaygif;wnf;taejzifhjzpfap? wpfOD;csif;taejzifhjzpfapZJG&Sd&efjzpfaMumif;&nfnTef;onf/ (*v 6;9/ Asm
347

2;7/ 17/ 3;6?13?22) 4if;rSm ormusrf;pmxJutpkvdkufESifh wpfOD;csif;tvdkufESifhqdkifaom vQKdU0SufzkH;uG,f

onfht&mESifh wif;rmrIjzpfonf/ uwdawmfrsm; (bk&m;ocif\ tusifhp&dkufawmf^ay:tajcjyK) ESifh y#dOmOfw&m
(vlom;\ wkHYjyefrIay:ajcjyK) rsm;vnf; &Sdonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / pJGjrJ&efvdktyfaMumif; 8;25 Munfhyg/
11;23 4if;onf ti,f 22\ o'goabmESifh "roabmw&m;ykHpHudk vdkufonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkYaemifw&um?
,kHMunfMurnfqdkvQif yg0ifoGm;Murnfjzpfonf/ wyg;trsK;om;wdkY qufvufjyD;? r,kHMunfMuygu
jiif;y,fcHMuayrnf/ (ti,f20)/ c&pfawmftm; tpjyK,kHMunfjcif;ESifholYtm; qufuyf,kHMunfjcif;
ESpfckpvkH;ta&;MuD;onf/
NASB

25

(aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 11;25-32

nD\tpfudkwkdY oifwdkYonf udk,fudkudk,ft[kwfMuD;rxifrdMuygrnftaMumif;? wyg; trsKd;om;wdkY

pkHvifoGm;onftxd? tpa&;wdkYtay: wpfpdwfwpfydkif;rmausmrIjzpfay:jcif;wnf;[laom vQKdU0Suf zkH;uG,f
csuftaMumif;rodbJ aejcif;igigtvdkr&Sdacs/ 26xdkYjyiftpa&;tm;vkH; u,fwifjcif; &&SdMuvdrfhrnf/
ormusrf;pm
a&;om;onfrSm
]]u,fvGwfolonfZt
d kefrSaa&muf&Sdvmvdrfhrnf/ olonf ,mukyf\
27
bk&m;w&m; r&dkaorIudk z,f&Sm;vdrfhrnf/ olwdkYtjypfrsm;udk ig,loGm;aomtcg ig\ y#dOmOfw&m;rSm t&m
yifjzpfonf/ 28owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;rS MunfhvQif oifwdkY tusKd;tvdkYXg? olwdkYonf &efolrsm; jzpfMu\/
odkYaomf bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frIrSMunfhvQif bkd;bGm;wdkYaMumifh olwdkYrSm cspfawmfrIolrsm;jzpfMu\/
29
taMumif;rSm bk&m;ocif\ vufaqmifrsm;ESifh ac:zdwfjcif;udk jyefvnf &kyfodrf;jcif;rjyKacs/ 30taMumif;rSm
oifwdkYonf ,cifu em;raxmifolrsm;jzpfcJhMuaomfvnf;? olwdkY\ em;raxmifjcif;aMumifh ,cktcg
*&kPmawmfjyocHMu&\/ 31xdkenf;wl olwdkYonfvnf; ,ck em;raxmifMujcif;rSm oifwdkYtm;jyoaom
*&kPmawmfaMumifh? olwdkYonfvnf; *&kPmawmfjyojcif; cHMu&rnftaMumif;jzpf\/ 32taMumif;rlum;
bk&m;ocifonf tm;vkH;aom olwdkYukd *&kPmawmfjyEdkif&ef? tm;vkH;aom olwdkYudk em;raxmifjcif;
csKyfxm;awmfrl\/
11;25 ]]oifwdkY... rodbJaejcif;Xgigtvdkr&Sd}} 4if;rSm aygvkokH;aom pum;vkH;wJG tokH;tEIef;rsm; (idiom) \
xl;jcm;rIjzpfonf/ (1;13/ 1aum 10;1/ 12;1/ 2aum 1;8/ 1ouf 4;13)/ if;onf
ta&;MuD;aomtaMumif;t&mrsm;aqG;aEG;rItpysKd;ay;avH&Sdonf/ 4if;rSm a,&IoHk;aeustpjyKpum; ]]igtrSef
tuefqdkonfum;}} (Amen, Amen) ESifh qifwlonf/ taMumif;t&mopfwpfcktm;tcsufjy&ef aygvk
tokH;jyKavh&Sdonf/
NASB, NRJV

NRSV ]]vQKdU0SufzkH;uG,fcsuf}}
TEV ]]vQKdU0Sufaom ormw&m;wpfck}}
NJB ]]taMumif;rsm;tm;vkH;aMumifh zkH;uG,f&aom

taMumif;&if;wpfck/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / vQKdU0SufzkH;uG,faomt&m

usqif;jcif; (urm 3) rwdkifrDuyif vlom;tmm; a&G;EIwf&ef wpkwaygif;wnf;aom &nf&G,fcsufwpfck

bk&m;ocif &Sdonf/ tpDtpOf\ t&dyft>rufazmfjyrIrsm;udk "ra[mif;usrf;
zGifhjyxm;onf/ (urm
3;15/ 12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6 ESifh ya&mzufusrf;rsm;) odkYaomf 4if;\ tpDtpOf\tjynfhtpkHrSm
&Sif;uif;jcif;r&Sdacs/ (1aum 2;6-8)/ a,&IESifh 0dnmOfawmf<uvmjcif;onf 4if;udk ydkrdk
ay:vGifaponf/
348

a&G;EIwfjcif;\ tpDtpOftjynfhtpkHudk azmfjy&ef aygvkonf ]]eufeJaomt&m}} (vQKdU0SufzkH;uG,faomt&m)

pum;vkH;okH;avh&Sdonf/ (1aum 4;1/ {zuf 6;19/ aum 4;3/ 1wd 1;9)/ odkYaomf olonf a0g[m&udk
t"dyg,ftrsKd;rsKd;jzifh okH;onf/
1/ wyg;trsKd;om;rsm; yg0ifEdkif&ef tpa&;tm; wpfpdwfwpfydkifrmausmapjcif;/ wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;
tpkvdkuftjyKvdkuf0ifvmjcif;onf a,&Itm; tem*wda[mMum;csuf\ c&pfawmfjzpfaMumif;
*sL;rsm;vufcHvmap&ef ,E&m; wpfckyrmtvkyfvkyfvdrfhrnf/ (a&mr 11;25-32)
2/ c&pfawmftxJESifh c&pfawmftm;jzifh tm;vkH;yg0ifMuukefaom wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm; owif;aumif;
{0Ha*vdw&m;udk Mum;odaponf/ (a&mr 16;25-27/ aum 2;2)
3/ c&pfawmf'kwd,tMudrfjyefvnf<uvmcsdef,kHMunfolrsm;\ udk,fcEmopfrsm; (1aum 15;5-57/ 1ouf
4;13-18)
4/ t&mtm;vkH;c&pfawmftxJaygif;pnf;vkdufjcif; ({zuf 1;8-11)
5/ wyg;trsKd;rsm;ESifh *sL;rsm; tarGawmfcHazmfcHbufrsm;jzpfjcif;/ ({zuf 2;11-3/ 13)/
6/ c&pfawmfESifh toif;awmf\ &if;ESD;aom qufpyfrItm; vufxyfxdef;jrm;jcif; qdkif&ma0g[m&rsm;jzifh
azmfjyjcif; ({zuf 5;22-33)
7/ y#dOmOfcHvlrsKd;txJwpfyg;trsKd;rsm;yg0ifapum? c&pfawmfESifhwlaom &ifhusifhrIjzpfay:ap&ef c&pf
awmf\ 0dnmOfawmfudef;0yfjcif;/ 4if;rSm usqif;aom vlom;txJysufpD;oGm;cJhonfh bk&m;ocif\
o@mefawmftm; (urm 6;5? 11-13/ 8;21) / vlom;xJjyefvnf&,ljcif;jzpfonf/ (u 1;26-27/
5;1/ 9;6/ 8;21/ aum 1;26-28)
8/ uyfumvtqkH; tEDc&pf (2 ouf 2;1-11)
9/ vQKdU0SufeufeJrI\ tusOf;csKyfwpfcktm; toif;awmf\ ueOD;umvwGif 1wd 3;16 awGU&onf/
]]udk,fudkudk,f t[kwfMuD;rxifrdygrnftaMumif;}} ae&m vnf;a&mrtoif;awmf (rsm;) &Sdwif;rmrI\

tjcm;t&dyft>rufwpfck&Sdonf/ (i,f 18)/

NASB
]]tpa&;wdkY wpfpdwfwpfydkif;rmausmrIjzpfay:}}
NKJV ]]tpa&;wdkY tpdwftydkif;tm;jzifh rmausmrIjzpfay:}}
NRSV ]]tpa&;tcsKdU rmausmrIa&muf&Sdvm}}
TEV ]]tpa&; vlrsK;drsm;\ acgif;rmjcif;onf tjrJr[kwf}}
NJB ]]tpa&; tydkif;wpfydkif; rsufrjrifjzpfvm}}

azmfjyrIonf tcef;MuD; 11 wpfckvkH;ESifh qufpyfae&ayrnf/ ,kHMunfol *sL;tcsKdU&SdcJhjyD;?

xdkenf;wlqufvuf&SdaeOD;rnf/ ,m,Drsufrjrifjcif;udk bk&m;ocifEdI;qGay;jcif;jzpfonf (i,f 8-10)/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf *sL;rsm;onf a,&Iudk jiif;y,fjcif;aMumifh jzpfjyD;? 4if;onf vlom;tm;vkH; a&G;EIwf&ef
bk&m;ocif\ tpDtpOfESifh tH0if*Gifusjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vkH;twGuf u,fwifjcif;udk
uwday;onf/ (urm 3;15)/ tm;vkH;udk qufqH&ef olonf tmjA[Hudk a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ (urmOD; 12;3)/
olonf tm;vkH;udk qufqH&ef tpa&;udk a&G;cs,fonf/ (xGuf 19;5-6/ txl;taMumif;t&m 8;28 Munfhyg/)
tpa&;onf rmefrme?opmrJhjcif;ESifh r,kHMunfrIrsm;tm;jzifh rdrdtm; cdkif;aprIudk ysufuGufoGm;cJhonf/
bk&m;ocifonf tpa&;udk ay;aom rdrdaumif;csD;r*FvmrS tqifh wyg;trsKd;om;urmudk qufqHvdkonf/
(w&m;a[m 27-29)/ tpa&;onf xkdy#dOmOfw&m;udk rapmihfxdef;Edkifojzifh bk&m;ocif\ ,m,D
w&m;pD&ifrIcH&onf/ ,cktcg bk&m;ocifonf w&m;pD&ifrIudkyif vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm; ,kHMunfjcif;rSwqifh
a&G;EIwf&ef rdrd\ rlv&nf&G,fcsufjynfhpkHapa&;twGuf okH;onf/ (30-31/ a,Z 36;22-38)/
349

]]wyg;trsKd;om;wdkY pkHvifoGm;onftxd}} tvm;wla0g[m& (pleroma) udkyifti,f12 *sL;rsm;twGuf

okH;onf/ xdkti,fESpfckpvkH;onf bk&m;ocif\ MudKwifod&SdrIESifh a&G;aumufjcif;taMumif; ajymonf/

]]onftxd}} [laom pum;onf wyg;trsKd;rsm;twGuf uefUowfxm;aom tcsdefumvudk ajymonf/
(vkum 21;24)/
11;26 ]]tpa&;tm;vkH; u,fwifjcif;&&Sdvdrfhrnf}} teufjyefjcif;ESpfrsKd;&SdEdkifonf/
1/ 4if;onf tpa&;udk trsKd;om;wpf&yftaejzifh &nfnTef;onf/ *sL;wpfa,mufcsif;r[kwfbJ? ordkif;\
u@wpfck&Sd *sL;trsKd;om;trsm;pkjzpfonf/
2/ if;onf 0dnmOfa&;&m tpa&;jzpfaom toif;awmfudk wpfrsKd;wpfzkH&nfnTef;onf/
aygvkonf oabmudk a&mr 2;28-29/ *v 6;16/ 1ay 2;5?9/ Asm'dwf 1;6 wdkY okH;onf/
tcef;i,f 12 u ]]*sL;a0pktjynfh}} ESifh tcef;i,f 25u ]]wyg;trsKd;a0pktjynfh}} wkdY tvm;wl qufpyfrI
&Sdonf/ if;onfonf bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frItjriftm;jzifh ]]tm;vkH; tjynfh}} jzpfjyD;? wpfOD;csif;
tjriftm;jzifhr[kwfacs/ oHvGifyif uwdawmfonf wpfaeYaomtcgusvQif jynfhpkHoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/
teufzGifhq&mtcsKdUonf usrf;\ &nfnTef;csufrSm tpa&; omvQif jzpfonf[k qdkMuonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
1/ tcef;MuD; 9-11\ taMumif;t&m oabmt&
2/ ti,f 26-27 \"ra[mif;udk;um;csufrsm;t&
3/ ti,f28 &Sd&Sif;vif;aom azmfjycsuft&jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tmjA[H\ obm0
tquftEG,frsm;tm; cspfaeqJjzpfum? u,fwifjcif;&&Sdapvdkonf/ olwdkYonf c&pfawmfudk
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh vmMu&ayrnf/ (Zmc&d 12;10)/
rmausmaom *sL;rsm; wkHUjyefrIjyK&ef aemufqkH;tcGifhta&;&MuOD;rnfaomqdkonfh ar;cGefudkrl
usrf;csufjzpfap? tjcm;usrf;csufrsm;tm;jzifh jzpfapr&Edkifacs/ uRefawmfwdkY tar&duefrsm;onf
wpfOD;csif;qdkif&mar;cGef;rsm; ar;avhar;x&SdMuaomfvnf; ormusrf;pmu rIwpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;ay:
pl;pdkufavh&Sdonf/ ar;cGef;ESifhtvm;wl ar;cGef;tm;vkH; bk&m;ociftwGuf csefxm;&efomjzpfonf/ olonf
rdrdcspfaom zefqif;jcif;tay: rSefuefayvdrfhrnf/
]]ormusrf;pm

a&;om;onfrSm}} if;onf *&dbmomjyef "ra[mif;usrf; Septuagint rS

udk;um;csufESpfckudk nTef;onf/ a[&Sm 59;20-21 (i,f 26) ESifh 27;9 (i,f 27) wdkYjzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;
,E&m;rSm ar&dk,t&Sifjzpfol a,&Itm;,kHMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ 4if; pDrHcsuf A om vQif &SdjyD; B [l r&Sdacs/
u,fwifjcif;&&ef vrf;wpfvrf;wnf;omvQif &Sdonf/ (a,m 10;7-18/ 11;25-29/ 14;6)/
11;27 ti,f 27 udk;um;aom a[&Sm 27;9onf tpa&;tm; uwdawmjynfjyefay;jcif;ESifhtwl (i,f 1-11)
tpOftvmtm;jzifh &efoljzpfaom wpfyg;trsKd;rsm;yg 0ifaprnftaMumif; (i,f 12?13) zdwfac:rIrsm;ESifh
aygif;pyfonf/ jyefay;jcif;onf xdktwdkif;yuwdjzpfcJhrnfqdkvQif? tem*wdpum;onf tESpf
wpfaxmifumvudk jynfhpkHapEdkifvdrfhrnf/ if;onf ykHaqmifcsufjzpfcJhygrI y#dOmOfw&m;opf? owif;aumif;
{0Ha*vdw&m;\ vQKdU0Sufcsufjzpfaom? bk&m;ocif\ ar&Sd,tm;,kHMunfjcif;jzifh aygif;pnf;xm;aom *sL;ESifh
wpfyg;trsKd; (toif;awmf) onf yef;wdkifjzpfayrnf/ ({zuf 2;11-3;13)/ if;rSm qkH;jzwf&efcufcJonf/
tcsKdU"ra[mif;tem*wdpum;rsm;onf y#dOmOfw&m;opfjzpfaom toif;awmftwGuf jzpfonf/ vlom;rsm;
opm rJhaomfvnf; (a,Z 36;22-36) bk&m;ocifrSm rIrdrduwdawmfrsm;ay: opm&SdjrJ&Sdaeonf/
11;28 ti,fonf a&G;aumufjcif;\ rsufESmpmESpfbufudk &nfnTef;onf/
350

1/ "ra[mif;wGif a&G;aumufjcif;onf trIaqmif&Guf&ef jzpfonf/

bk&m;ocifonf vlom;udk a&G;EIwfjcif;tMuHawmftwGuf vlom;udkyif tokH;jyKonf/
2/ "ropfusrf;wGif a&G;aumufjcif;onf owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;ESifh xm0&u,fwifjcif;wdkYESifh
qufpyfonf/ u,fwifjcif; bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfESifhtnD zefqif;aom vlom;tm;vkH;rSm
yef;wdkif;jzpfaeusjzpfonf/ (urm 3;15)
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ uwdawmf rsm;ay: opm&Sdonf/ if;onf "ra[mif;acwf ,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh
"ropfoefY&Sif;olrsm;twGuf rSefaomt&mjzpfonf/ aomhcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\ opm&SdrIjzpfjyD;? vl\
opm&SdrIr[kwfacs/ bk&m;ocif\ *&kPmawmfjzpfjyD;? vlom;\ aqmif&GufrIr[kwfacs/ a&G;aumufjcif;\
&nf&G,fcsufonf aumif;csD;r*FvmjzpfjyD;? z,fxkwfjcif;r[kwfacs/
]]olwdkYrSm bkd;bGm;wdkYaMumifh cspfawmfrlolrsm;jzpfMu\}} if;rSm xGuf 20;5-6ESifh w&m;a[m 5;9-10/ 7;9

wdkYrS uwdawmfjzpfonf/ rdom;pkwdkY aumif;csD;cHpm;&onfrSm ,cifrsKd;qufrsm;\ ,kHMunfrIaMumifhjzpfonf/

tpa&;aumif;csD;cHpm;&onfrSm opm&SdoltrsKd;\ ueOD;acgif;aqmifMuD;rsm; (bkd;bGm;rsm;) aMumifhjzpfonf/
(w&m;a[m 4;37/ 7;8/ 10;15) ar&Sd,onf ,k'trsKd;rS zGm;jrifawmfrlrnftaMumif;'g0d'fudk ay;aom
uwdawmfjzpfonf/ (2"r 7)/ odkYaomf ]]xdkopm&Sdol}} rsm;yifvQif ynwfw&m;awmfudk jynfhpkHpGm rvdkufem?
rapmifhxdef;EdkifcJhMu[kqdk&ayrnf/
(a,Z
36;22-36)/
pkHvifjynfh0aom
,kHMunfjcif;r[kwfbJ
,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom wpfOD;csif;\ ,kHMunfjcif;? rdom;pk\ ,kHMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ociftwGuf
vufoifhcHEdkifbG,f&mjzpfum? rdom;pkrsm;rS wpfqifhvufqifhurf;&ef tvm;tvm&Sdaom ,kHMunfjcif;jzpfonf/
(1aum 7;8-16)
11;29
NASB, NKJV
NRSV ]]taMumif;rSm bk&m;ocif\ vufaqmifrsm;ESifh ac:zdwfjcif;udk jyefvnfjyifqif r&acs/}}
TEV
]]taMumif;rSm
bk&m;ocifonf
rdrda&G;cs,faomolrsm;ESifh
aumif;csD;ay;aom

olrsm;udk

jyefvnf&kyfodrf;jcif;rjyKacs/}}
NJB
]]bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ vufaqmifrsm;udk jyef,ljcif;? rdrd\ a&G;cs,frIudk jyefvnf &kyfodrf;jcif;
rnfonfhtcg rQ rjyKcJhacs/}}
4if;onf vlwpfOD;csif;odkYay;aom 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm;udk &nfnTef;jcif;r[kwfbJ (1aum 12) "ra[mif;?
"ropfxJ u,fwifjcif;uwdawmfrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ a&G;aumufjcif;rSm xda&mufonf/ bk&m;ocif\
opmawmfrSm tpa&;trsKd;om;rsm;ESifh (rmv 3;6) ESifh 0dnmOfa&; tpa&;rsm;\ ajrmfvifhjcif;jzpf\/

11;30-32 tcef;i,frsm;rSm bk&m;ocif\ pDrHcsufrsm;ESifh &nf&G,fcsufrsm;tusOf;csKyfjzpfonf/

1/ if;wdkYrSm igwaumaum pdwfjzifh qkH;jzwfjcif;r[kwfbJ? u&kPmawmfudk tajcjyKavh&Sdonf/
ydkrdkus,fjyefYaom usrf;pum;tquftpyfrsm; Munfhygu ]]u&kPmawmf}} [laom pum;vkH;
av;cgokH;onf/ (9;15? 16?18?23)/
2/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vkH;w&m;pD&ifonf/ *sL;rsm;ESifh wyg;trsKd;rsm;tm;vkH;tjypfESifh jynfhonf/
(3;9? 19?23/ 5;11)/
3/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vkH;odkY *&kPmawmfjyo&ef tcGifhta&;tjzpf vlom;tm;vHk;\ vdktyfrIESifh
rwwfpGrf;EdkifrIudk okH;onf/ (i,f 22) xkdUjyif ]]tm;vkH;}} tm;ti,f12ESifh 25-26wdkY vnf;
awGU&onf/ vlwpfOD;csif;onf bk&m;ocif\ ay;prf;rIudk wkHUjyefvdrfhrnfr[kwfaomfvnf;
a&G;EIwfjcif;jrifuGif; rlolwdkYtm;vkH;tusLH;0ifMuonf/ (5;12-21/ a,m 3;16)/ tdk? bk&m;&Sif
xdktwdkif;yifjzpfaeygap/
351

11;30 ESifh 31 ]],ck}} if;onf a,&Itm;,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh tpa&;trsKd;om;rsm;\ 0dnmOfa&;

ajymif;vJrItm; cdkifrmpGm qdkvdkonf/ (Zm 12;10)/ wyg;trsKd;om;wdkY\ ]]r,kHMunfrI}} udk bk&m;ocif\

*&kPmawmftEdkif,loGm;cJhonfenf;wl *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ ]]r,kHMunfrI}} udk vnf; tEdkif,loGm;ayrnf/

NASB
33

(aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf; / / 11;33-38

tdk? bk&m;ocif\ nmPfawmfESifh ynmawmfeufeJ<u,f0vSygbdjcif;? pD&ifawmfrIjcif;ESifh vrf;awmfwdkYudk

rwdkif;wmEdkif/ 34taMumif;rIum xm0&t&Sif bk&m;ocif\ pdwfawmfudk rnfolod&Sdum? wdkifyifabmf?
wdkifyifbufjzpfcJhoenf;/ 35odkYr[kwf jyefay;qyfawmfrl&rnftaMumif;rnfolonf udk,fawmftm; OD;pGm
ay;cJhoenf;/ 36taMumif; rlum; t&mcyfodrf;onf udk,fawmfxHrS? udk,fawmfrS wqifhESifh
udk,fawmftwGufjzpf\/ urm tqufqufbkef;MuD;awmfrlapwnf;/ tmrif/
11;33-36 4if;rSm aygvk\ thHcsD;bG,f&mvufwef;a&;aom bkef;awmfbJGUwpfckjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\
y#dOmOfw&m; qdkif&m opm&SdrI? y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m yg0ifaprIESifh y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m jynfhpkHjcif;tm; tHhMorIonf
aygvk\ pdwfudk vTrf;rkd;jynfhvQHoGm;aponf/
11;33 ]]<u,f0awmfrljcif;rsm;}} if;rSm aygvk ESpfoufvSaom tokH;tEIef;wpfckjzpfonf/ (2;4/ 9;23/ 10;12/
11;12?33/ {zuf 1;7?8/ 2;7/ 3;8?16/ zd4;19/ aum 1;27/) owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;\ t"dutcsufESifh
vlom;\ ajrmfvifhjcif;rSm *&kPmawmfESifh jynfh0aom bk&m;ocif\ p&kdufawmfESifh pDrHcsufjzpfonf/ (a[&Sm
55;1-7)/
]]pD&ifawmfrljcif;ESifh

vrf;awmfwdkYudk rwdkif;wmEdkif}} if;rSm tcef;MuD; 9-11 rsm;xJ&Sd

qefYusifbufjzpfaeonf ormw&m;rsm;ESifh avsmfnDvSaom bkef;awmfbJGUjzpfonf/ (a[&Sm 55;8-11)/

11;34 4if;rSm

\ a[&Sm 40;13-14 tm;udk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkusrf;ydk'f bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\

vlrsKd;tm; jynfESif'PfcH&mrS jyefvnfykdUaqmifum? u,fwifonf/ 1aum 2;16 aygvkonf usrf;ydk'fudkyif
udk;um;aomfvnf; bJGUemrawmf "Lord" udk rla,&Itjzpf okH;vdkufonf/
LXX

11;35 4if;rSm a,mb 35;7 (0g) 41;11tm; oabmavmuf udk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/

11;36 ]]taMumif;rlum; t&mcyfodrf;onf udk,fawmfxHrS? udk,fawmfrStqifhESifh udk,fawmftwGuf jzpf\/}}
pum;pkonf usrf;ykd'f crnf;awmfbk&m;udk &nfnTef;aomfvnf; (1aum 11;12) om;awmfbk&m;tm;
&nfnTef;onfh tjcm;"ropfusrf; csufrsm;ESifh vGefpGm qifwlonf/ (1aum 8;6/ aum 1;16/ a[mjAJ 2;10)/
t&mcyfodrf;bk&m;ocifxHrS pwifjzpfay:um? bk&m;ocifxHodkY jyefvnfa&muf&SdoGm;aMumif; aygvkt
wnfjyKonf/
]]urmtqufqufbkef;MuD;awmfrlapownf;}}

if;rSm bk&m;udk aumif;csD;ay; csD;rGrf;jcif; "ropf

ykHpHjzpfonf/ if;u &nfnTef;onfrSm

1/ wpfcgwpfav crnf;awmfudk (16;27/ {zuf 3;21/ zd 4;20/ 1ay 4;11/ 5;11/ ,k' 25/ Asm 5;13/
7;12)/
352

2/ wpfcgwpfav om;awmfudk (1wd 1;17/ 2wd 4;18/ 2ay 3;18/ Asm 1;16)/ 3;23\ rSwfcsuf Munfhyg/
]]tmrif}} txl;taMumif;t&m 1;25 Munfhyg/

aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm;

pmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkY teufzGifh&rnfudk vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif; jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm

ormusrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf
rdrd&&Sdxm;aom tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif?
ormusrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkYrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk
teufzGifhusrf; a&;ollrsm;tay:om yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom
ar;cGef;rsm;rSm
usrf;pm\
tydkif;wGif
yg0ifaom
t"du
taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;zdkY jzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHk r[kwfbJ qifjcifpOf;pm;rItm;
Edk;qGay;&efom jzpfonf/
1/ tpa&;onf bk&m;ocif\ u,fwifjcif;vrf;udk rnfodkvJToGm;cJhoenf;
2/ bk&m;ocifonf tpa&;udk rjiif;y,fcJhaMumif;oufaoxl&ef rnfonfh taMumif;&if; ESpfckaygvk
ay;xm;oenf;
3/ bk&m;ocifonf *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ pdwfESvkH;udk tb,faMumifh rmausmapcJhoenf; tb,faMumifhenf;
4/ *sL;vlrsKd; ]]t<uif;tusef}} qdkonfh oabmonf bmudk qdkvdkoenf; (i,f 2-5)
5/ "ropfusrf;xJu ]]vQKdU0SufeufeJaomt&m}} qdkonfh a0g[m&udk t"dyg,fowfrSwfyg/
6/ a&mr 11; 26 onf bmudk qdkvdkoenf; tb,faMumifhenf;/ if;onf 9;6ESifh rnfodkY qufpyfoenf;
7/ wyg;trsKd;,kHMunfolrsm;udk aygvkrnfodkYowday;oenf; (i,f 17-24)/

353

a&mr 12
acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcJGrsm;
UBS4

NKJV

c&pfawmfxJ
toufopf
12;1-2
12;3-8
c&pf,mef
oufwmt
ouf&Sifjcif;
12;9-21

bk&m;twGut
f ouf
&Sifaom ,Zmf
12;1-8
c&pf,meftjzpfjyK
rIusifhMuHjcif;
12;9-21

ywfvnfzwfIjcif; taMumhokH; (pm

NRSV

TEV

NJB

qufuyfaomtouf bk&m;trIawmf0dnmOfa&;0wfjyK
12;1-2
touf&Sifjcif;
udk;uG,fjcif;
12;1-2
12-1-2
12;3-8
12;3-8
12;3-13
wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmf
jcif;rsm;
vlwdkif;ESifh&efolrsm;
12;9-13
12;9-13
vlwdkif;ESifh&efolrsm;
ay:cspfjcif;arwm
12;14-21
12;14-16
12;12-21
12;17-21

xi Munfhyg)

rl&if;pma&;ol\ pmydk'fvdkuf&nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnfjcif;
pmtkyfrSm teufzGifhvrf;nTef;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmudk rdrd[m
rdrdteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&onfh tvif;xJ
avQmufvSrf;oGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,f? ormusrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;udk teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;ay: om
ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/
tcef;MuD;wpfcef;tm;
wpfwdkifwnf;jzifhzwfyg/
t"duOD;wnfcsufrsm;udk
owfrSwfazmfjyyg/
taMumif;t&mtvdkuf oif\ pmydk'fcJGrIudk txufygbmomjyefusrf; ig;rsKd;ESifh Edkif;,SOfyg/ pmykd'fcJGrsm;onf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;? teufjyefjcif;\ toJESvkH;jzpfaom rl&if;pma&;ol\ MuH&G,fcsuf
em;vnfEdkif&efaomhcsufjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwdkif;taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd,pmydk'f
4/ ... pojzifh

ti,f 1-8 tm; pmtquftpyfjzifh em;vnf&jcif;

u/ if;onf a&mrMo0g' (12;1-15;13) tydkif;tm;vufawGUusifhokH;jcif;u@\ tpjzpfonf/
aygvka&;aompmrsm;rSm tjzpftysuf\ rSwfwrf;vnf;jzpfojzifh if;wdkY Mo0g'ydkif;ESifh vufawGU
usifhokH;jcif;ESpfrsKd;pvkH;yg&Sdonf/ aygvkonf a'oE&jyoem (0g) tcuftcJwpfckaMumifh pma&;cJhonf/ a&mr
1-8onf tHhMobG,f&m Mo0g'usOf;csKyfjzpfonfenf;wl4if;\ udk,fusifhw&m;ydkif;ESifh vufawGU usifhokH;rI
tydkif;onfvnf; tvm;wlwefcdk;MuD;rm;onf/
354

c/ touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHtwGuf vufawGUrygaom "roabmw&m;onf bk&m;ocifESifh rqdkifacs/ (rJ7;2427/a,m13;17/ a&mr 2;13/ ,mukyf 1;22?25/2;14-26)/ aygvkonf a,&Itm; ,kHMunfjcif;rS wqifh
bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh tcrJhu,fwifjcif;udk &Sif;vif;pGm oGefoifonfrSefaomfvnf;?
tcrJhvufaqmifonf uRefawmfwdkY\ b0rsm;udk tjywfajymmif;vJypf&efjzpfonf u,fwifjcif;rSm
tcrJhjzpfaomfvnf; if;udk c&pfawmfESifh tjywfwlnDjcif;onf vdkufygvm&ygrnf oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;udk
ajzmifhrwfjcif;rS uREkfyfwdkY rcGJxkwf&Jyg/
*/ ti,f 1-2 onf usifhoHk;jcif; u@wpfckvHk;\ tzGihfrdwfqufjzpfonf/ if;rSm 0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifaom
b0toufwmtwGuf tajccHjzpfonf/ (tcef;BuD; 8)
C/ ti,f 3-8 0dnmOfawmfqkaus;Zl; &&Sdjcif;taMumif; aqG;aEG;onf/ c&pfawmftwGuf
t<uif;rJhqufuyftyfESHjcif;onf bk&m;ociftwGuf (w&m; 6;4-5/ rJ 22;37) ESifh tjcm;olrsm;twGuf
aqmif&Gufjcif; jzpfap&ygrnf/ (0wfjyK 10;9-18/ rJ 10;9-19)/ qkaus;Zl;rsm;onf c&pfawmftxJ
uRefawmfwdkY\ pnf;vHk;jcif;ESifh vkyfaqmifrI trsKd;rsdK;&&Sd&jcif;taMumif; tav;teuf ajymMum;onf ({zuf
4;1-10)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;twGuf tm;xkwfMu&rSm jzpfaomfvnf; qifwljcif;udkrl
rqdkvdkacs/
bk&m;ocifonf
uRefawmfwdkY
tcsif;csif;
wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf
tapcHEdkif&ef
jyifqifay;xm;onf (1 aum 12;7? 11/ {zuf 4;11-13)/

pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pk avhvmjcif;

NASB

(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;

odkYjzpf nDtpfudkwdkY oifwdkY\ udk,fcEmtm; bk&m;ocif vufcHEkdifzG,f&m? touf&Sif oefY&Sif;aom

,Zfaumiftjzpf ay;vSLylaZmfMuygrnftaMumif; bk&m;ocif\ *kPmawmfudk axmuf oifwdkYudk
igwdkufwGef;Edk;aqmf\/ if;rSm oifwdkY\ 0dnmOfa&;&m 0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif; tvkyfjzpf\/ 2 avmu\
yHko@mefrvkufbJ aumif;rGef vufoifhcHEkdifzG,fESifh jynfh0aom bk&m;coif\ tvdkawmfudk
odEkdifrnftaMumif; oifwdkY\ pdwfudk jyefvnfqef;opfapjcif;jzifh yHko@mefajymif;vJMuavmh/
]]odkYjzpf}} aygvkonf a&mrMo0g'pmapmif owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;\ ormw&m;rsmudk wifjy&m

ta&;BuD;aom tvSnfhtajymif;rsm;wGif a0g[m&udk oHk;onf/

1/ 5;1 if;onf ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh}} udk tusOf;csHK;onf/
2/ 8;1 if;onf ,HkMunfoltjypfw&m;ESifh rnfodkY qufpyfyHkudk tusOf;csHK;onf/ if;udk
oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;[k ac:onf/
3/ 12;1 ,HkMunfol\ aeYpOftoufwm ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;wdkYtm;
vufawGYvkyfaqmifrIudk ajymonf/
12;1
NASB
]]igwdkufwGef;onf}}
NKJV
]]igawmif;yefwdk;vQdK;onf}}
NRSV, TEV ]]igarwm&yfcHonf}}
NJB
]]igtoem;cHonf}}

355

pum;pkonf El;nHhodrfarGU cdkifrmonf/ if;rSm avQmufywfpGm touf&Sif&ef ac:zdwfjcif;jzpfonf/

a0g[m&udk aygvkrMumcPokH;onf/ (12;1/15;30/ 16;17/ 1aum 1;10/ 4;16/ 16;15/ 2 aum 2;8/
5;20/ 6;1/ 10;1/12;8/ {zuf 4;2/ 1ouf 4;10/ 1wd 1;3/ zdavrkefi,f 9-10)/
]]nDtpfudkwdkY}} aygvkonf a0g[m&udk taMumif;t&mopfwpfcktm; tpjyKrdwfquf&efokH;avh&Sdonf/
]]bk&m;ocif\ *&kPmawmftm;jzif}}h LXX a0g[m&onf YHWH \ oem;MuifemrIudk azmfjyonf/

(xGuf 34;6)/ if;onf tcef;MuD; 1-11 twGif; "roabmw&m;wdk;wufjzpfay:jcif;udk &nfnTef;onf/

a&mrMo0g'pm usqif;aom vlom;taMumif;ajym&mwGif (9;15? 16?18?23/ 11;30?31?32/12;8/15;9)
bk&m;ocif\ *&kPmawmf (oikzeiro ESifh eleeo ESpfckpvkH;)udk xif&Sm;pGm tav;teufjyKonf/ bk&m;ocif\
aus;Zl;awmfESifh *&kPmawmf tcrJhay;urf;ojzifh? ,kHMunfolrsm;onf xdkufwefrItm;jzifh r[kwfbJ ({zuf 2;89) aus;Zl;odwwfaomtm;jzifh bk&m;w&m;ESifh nDpGmtouf&SifMu&rnfjzpfonf/ ({zuf 1;4/ 2;10)/
topfaomb0 toufwmrsm;onf (aum 3;9/ 10?12) tjcm;olrsm;udk c&pfawmftm; ,kHMunfajymif;vJ
vmap&ef MuH&G,frIjzpfonf/
]]ay;vSLylaZmf}}

4if;rSm AORIST INFINITIVE jzpfonf/ if;rSm usrf;ydk'f okH;aom

,ZfylaZmfjcif;qdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;teufwpfckjzpfonf/ if;wdkYrSm ,ZfylaZmfonf i,f 1/ oefY&Sif;onf ti,f
1/ vufcHEdkifbG,f&m ti,f 1/ tvm;wloabmudk 6;13?16?19wdkY azmfjyonf/ vlom;rsm;onf
rdrdudk,frdrdbk&m;ocif (0g) pmwefudk ay;Muvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ c&pfawmfonf crnf;awmf\ tvdkudk
vuf0g;uyfwdkifwpfwdkifay: taocHonftxd aqmif&Guf&ef rdrdudk,frdrdtwktEdIif;uif;pGm ay;cJhonf enf;wl
olYaemufvdkufrsm;onfvnf; ol\ twuif;aom touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHESifhwlatmifom atmifMudK;pm;Mu&ayrnf/
(2aum 5;14-15/ *v 2;20/ 1a,m 3;16)
]]oifwdkY\ udk,fcEmrsm;}} c&pf,mefonf udk,fcEmrSm qdk;oGrf;onfqdkaom *&dawG;ac:ynmESifh rsm;pGm
uJGjym;jcm;em;onf/ 4if;rSm tjypfaoG;aqmif&m e,fy,fjzpfaomfvnf; udk,fusifhw&m;t&Mum;aejzpfonf/
]]udk,fcEm}}

[laom a0g[m&rSm ti,f2u ]]pdwf}} [laom a0g[m&ESifh oabmcsif;

tvm;wljzpf[ef&Sdonf/ ,kHMunf olwdkYonf ,cif tjypfw&m;twGuf qufuyftyfESHcJhMuonf enf;wl
(a&mr6) rdrdwdkY\ wpfckvkH;tm; bk&m;ociftwGuf tyfESHMu&efvdktyfonf/ (w&m;a[m 6;5/ 1aum 6;20)/
]]touf&Sifaom}} if;onf*sL;rsm; (0g) omoemyvlrsm; ay;vSLMuonfh aoqkH;aom,Zfaumifrsm;ESifh

tjywfuJGjym;jcm;em;onf/ (6;13/ *v 2;20)

if;onf bmoma&;&nf&G,fcsufrsm;aMumifh udk,fcEm&SdraxmufrnSmjyKaom a,m*D0g'ESifhvnf;
uJGjym;vSayonf/ tvdk&SdonfrSm udk,fcEmudk oD;oefYz,fxm;jcif;? nSOf;yef;jcif;r[kwfbJ? trIaqmif&Guf&ef
vufoifhcHEdkifbG,f&mtoufwmESifh c&pfawmfenf;wlcspfjcif;arwm&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/
]]oefY&Sif;aom ,Zfaumif}} ]]oefY&Sif;onf }} [laom a0g[m&t"dyg,frSm ]]bk&m;ocif\ tvkyftwGuf

oD;oefYcJGxm;onf}} [ljzpf\/ usrf;ydk'f a0g[m&\ qkdvdk&if;rSm ,kHMunfol\ qufuyfjcif;ESifh

bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;twGuf tokH;jyKEdkif&ef okH;&Edkifoljzpfaejcif;jzpfonf/

356

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / oefY&Sif;
1/ "ra[mif;usrf;
u/ a0g[m& kadosh (BDB 872) \ZpfjrpfrSm raocsmaomfvnf; cgeefpum;rS qif;oufvmjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
if;\ tpdwftydkif;wpfck (kd) \ t"dyg,frSm ]]cJGjcm;onf? ydkif;jcm;onf}} [l jzpfEdkifonf/ if;rSm
vlodrsm;aom t"dyg,fowfrSwfcsufwpfckjzpfonfh bk&m;ociftokH;jyK&ef cJGxkwfxm;jcif;\ (cgeef"avh
xkH;pHrS? w&m;a[m 7;6/ 14;2? 21/ 26;19) rl&if;jzpfonf/
c/ if;onf t&m0wKrsm;? ae&mrsm;? tcsdefrsm;ESifh vlrsm;twGif; bk&m;ocif&Sdaejcif;udk ajymjyonf/ if;udk
urmOD;usrf; rokH;aomfvnf;xGufajrmuf&m? 0wfjyK&mESifh awmvnf&musrf;wdkY tokH;rsm;aom pum;vkH;
jzpfvmonf/
*/ te,*wdusrf;rsm; (txl;ojzifh a[&Sm,ESifh a[ma&S) wGif tpydkif; taumiftxnf
yk*dKvfyg0ifaomfvnf;? txl;wvnfjyKjcif; ray:vGifacs/ if;onf bk&m;ocif\ tESpfom&tm;
azmfjyjcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfvmonf/ (a[&Sm 6;3)/ bk&m;ocifoefY&Sif;onf/ oloefY&Sif;aMumif;tm;
emrawmfonfudk,fpm;jyKonf/ bk&m;ocifvdktyfaom urmay:bk&m;ocif\ MuiftifvuPudk
azmfjy&efjzpfaom ol\ vlrsKdk;rsm;onf (y#dnOfw&m;udk ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh emcHMuygu) oefY&Sif;Muonf/
C/

bk&m;ocif\ *kPmawmfESifh arwmawmfwdkYudk "roabmw&m;rsm;jzpfaom y#dnOfw&m;rsm;?

w&m;rQwrIrsm;ESifh
toufwrQta&;MuD;aom
pdkufvuPmrsm;rScJGxkwfr&acs/
ae&mwGif
oefY&Sif;jcif;r&Sd? usqif; ykefuefaom vlom;buf bk&m;ociftxJwif;rmrI&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
]]*kPmawmf<u,f0ol}}ESifh ]]oefY&Sif;awmfrlol}} jzpfjcif;tMum;qufpyfrItaMumif;tvGefpdwf0ifpm;p&m
aumif;aom aqmif;yg;wpfyk'f Robert B. Girdlestone \ Synonyms of the Old Testament pp. 112113 &Sdygonf/

2/ "ropfusrf;

u/ "ropfusrf;a&;om;olrsm;onf (vkumuvJTvQif) a[jAJvdkawG;awmolrsm;jzpfaomfvnf; trsm;okH;

*&dpum; Koine Greek (*&dbmomjyef "ra[mif;usrf;) \ vGrf;rdk;rIcH&olrsm;jzpfonf/ olwdkYokH;onfh
a0g[m&rsm;udk
vTrf;rdk;aom
pdwful;?
tawG;
odkYr[kwf
bmoma&;toufwmrSm
*&dtqifhtwef;pmayr[kwfbJ? *&dbmomjyef"ra[mif;usrf; (LXX) jzpfonf/
c/ a,Ionf bk&m;ocifjzpfum? bk&m;ocifESifh twlwlyifjzpfojzifh oefY&Sif;onf/ (vkum 1;35/ 4;34/
wref 3;14/ 4;27?30)/ olonf oefY&Sif;awmfrl olESifh ajzmifhrwfawmfrloljzpfonf/ (wref 3;14/ 22;14)/
a,IoefY&Sif;&jcif;rSm tjypfuif;pifjzpfonf/ (a,m 8;46/ 2aum 5;21/ a[jAJ 4;15/ 7;26/ 1ay
1;19/ 2;22/ 1a,m 3;5)
*/ bk&m;ocifoefY&Sif;awmfrIojzifh ol\ om;orD;rsm;vnf; oefY&Sif;Muonf/ (0wfjyK 11;44-45/ 19;2/
20;7?26/ rJ5;48/ 1ay 1;16)/ a,IoefY&Sif;awmfrIojzifh ol\ aemufawmfvdkufrsm;vnf;
oefY&Sif;Mu&efjzpfonf/ (a&mr 8;28-29/ 2aum 3;18/ *v 4;19/ {zuf 1;4/ 1ouf 3;13/ 4;3/ 1ay
1;15)/ c&pf,mefrsm;rSm c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;tm;jzifh oefY&Sif;jcif; tapcH&ef u,fwifjcif; &olrsm;
jzpfMuonf/

357

]]bk&m;ocifvufcHEkdifbG,f&m}} if;onf "ra[mif;usrf;uqDavsmfaom ylaZmfoumudk &nfnTef;onf/

(i,f 2)? if;udk vlrsm;tm; &nfnTef;&efokH;onfhtcg ]]tjypfwifp&muif;onf}}[laom oabmESifh qifwlonf/

(urm 6;9/ 17;1/ w&m;awm18;13/ a,mb1;1)

NASB ]]oifwdkY\ 0dnmOfa&;&m0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;tvkyf}}

NKJV ]]oifwdkYtwGuf oifhavsmfaomtrIaqmif&Gufjcif;}}
NRSV ]]oifwdkY\ 0dnmOfa&;&m0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;}}
TEV ]]oifwdkYjyK&rnfhppfrSefaom0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;}}
NJB ]]pOf;pm;wwfol ow0grsm;twGuf vkyfoifhvkyfxdkufaomt&mwpfck}}
a0g[m& (logikos) onf logizomai rS qif;oufvmjcif;jzpfjyD;t"dyg,frSm

]]qifjcifpOf;pm;onf}}
[ljzpfonf/ (rmuk 11;31/1aum 13;11/ zd 4;8)/ usrf;ydk'f ]]aMumif;usKd;qDavsmfaom}}
]]usKd;aMumif;qifjcifwwfaom}} [l t"dyg,f&SdEdkio
f nf/ odkYaomf 1ay 2;2rSm enf;wl 0dnmOfoabmjzifh
vnf;okH;onf/ oabmrS wd&pmeftaoaumifrsm;jzifh tcef;tem;vkyf ylaZmfjcif;rsm;ESifh qefYusifvsuf
rdrd\ppfrSefaom Zmwdtm; todpdwftjynfht0jzifh ayvSLjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ bk&m;ociftvdk&SdonfrSm
aeYpOfb0toufwmESifh rqdkifaom a'oqdkif&mvkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;r[kwfbJ? cspfjcif;arwmtm;jzifh olYtm;
tapcHaom uRefawmfwdkY\ b0toufwmrsm;jzpfonf/

12;2 ]]ykHo@mefrvdkufbJ}} if;rSm PRESENT PASSIVE IMPERATIVE (odkYr[kwf PERFECT MIDDLE)

ESifh NEGATIVE PARTICLE aygif;pyfjcif;jzpfjyD; qufvufaeqJ tjyKtrlwpfck&yfwHhaponf[k
t"dyg,f&Sdonf/ if;onf ti,f 2ESifh qefYusifbufjzpfjyD; zd 2;6-8&Sdaom jrifomaomjyifyajymif;vJjcif;ykHpH
(schema, 2;8) ESifh twGif;ydkif; tESpfom&ajymmif;vJjcif; (morphe, 2;6-7) wdkY\ jcm;em;rIESifh qifwlonf/
,kHmunfolwdkYonf usqif;aom avmu (awmfvSefykefuefaom acwfa[mif;) xJ udk,fcEmtm;jzifh if;\
tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfaeqJ rSefaomfvnf;? if;udkvdkufajymif;vJroGm;bJ? c&pfawmfESifh wlnDjcif; (0dnmOf
acwfopf) udkjywfom;pGm vdkufajymif;vJ&ef wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfonf/
]]avmu}}

if;rSm trSeftm;jzifh ]]uyfumv}} ages pum;vkH;jzpfonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkYonf

uyfumvESpfrsKd;jrifxm;Muonf (rJ 12;32/ rmuk 10;30/ vkum 20;34-35)/ vuf&Sdqdk;qGrf;aom
uyfumv (*v 1;4/ 2aum 4;4/ {zuf 2;2) ESifh vmvwHaom uyfumv (rJ 28;20/ a[jAJ 1;3/ 1a,m
2;15-17)jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYonf uyfumvESpfcw
k dkY tHhtm;oifhbG,f&m xyfaeum? wif;rmrIjynfhaom
tcsdefumvwpfckxJ touf&SifaeMuonf/ c&pfawmf\ ESpfrsKd;aom <uvmrIrsm;aMumifh bk&m;ocif\
ay:xGef;cJhjyD; ]]ESifh}} ray:xGef;&ao;aom EdkifiHawmfjzpfonfh ypLyefESifh tem*wfESpfrsKd;vkH;txJ ,kHMunfolrsm;
touf&SifaexdkifMuonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / uyfumvESifh ay:xGef;vwHhaom uyfumv

"ra[mif;ya&mzufrsm;onf tem*wfudk ypKyefumvtm; qJGqefYvdkufjcif;wpfrsKd; tjzpfjrif

xm;Muonf/
olwdkYtwGuf
tem*wf[lonf
tpa&;tm;
yx0De,fajrtm;jzifh
e*dkrlvtae
txm;jyefvnfa&muf&Sdapjcif;jzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfapolwdkYonf if;udk aeYopfwpfaeYtjzpfvnf;jrifcJhMuonf/
(a,&Sm 65;17/66;22) tmjA[H\ tquftEG,frsm;onf YHWH udk (jynfESpf'PfcHjyD;aemufydkif;yifvQif)
wrifoufoufqufwdkufjiif;y,fcJMh ujcif;twl? *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;\ tem*wfumvqdkif&mpmayrsm; (1{aem/
4{Z&/ 2Am&kwf) ykHpHopfwpf&yfjzpfxGef;vmonf/ ta&;tom;rsm; uyfumvESpfrsKd;pwifcJGjcm;vmcJhMu&m
358

pmweftkyfpdk;onfh qkd;qGrf;aom vuf&SdumvESifh 0dnmOfawmftkyfpdk;onfh ajzmifhrwfjcif;qdkif&m ay:xGef;

vwHHhaom uyfumv[ljzpfjyD; if;udk ar&Sd, (wefcdk;MuD;aom ppfonfawmf)tm;jzifh tpjyK vdrfhrnfjzpfonf/
"roabmw&m;qdkif&m u@mef (tem*wfjzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;) ay:vGifxif&Sm;aom wdk;wuf
jzpfay:rIwpfck&Sdonf/ "roabmw&m;q&mrsm;onf if;udk ]]qufvufjzpfay:wdk;wufaeaom zGifhjy
awmfrIjcif;}} [kac:Muonf/ "ropfusrf;onf pMuFm0VmvkH;qdkif&m uyfumvESpfckwdkY\ ppfrGefrIudk
twnfjyKaeonf/ (,m,DESpfck0g')
a,I
rJ 12;32
rJ 13;22-29
rmuk 10;30
vkum 16;8
vkum 18;30
vkum 20;34-35

aygvk
a[jAJ
a&mr 12;2
1;2
1aum 1;20/ 2;6?8/ 3;18
6;5
2aum 4;4
11;3
*v 1;4
{zuf 1;21/2;1?7/6;12
1wd6;17
2wd 4;10
wdwk 2;12
"ropfusrf;\ "roabmw&m; *sL;uyfumvESpf&yfwdkYudk arQmfvifhrxm;aomaMumifh rsufpdvTJ
oGm;cJhMuaom (rjrifvdkufcJh&) ar&Sd,\ ESpfMudrfESpfcg<uvmjcif; qdkif&mtem*wdpum; rsm;aMumifh
xyfqifhoGm;cJh&onf/ a,Ivl0ifpm;um zGm;jrifawmfrljcif;onf uyfumvtopftm; tpjyKzGifhvSpfcJhonf/
('Ha,v 2;44?45) rnfodkYqdkap "ra[mif;usrf;onfvnf; c&pfawmf\ <uvmjcif;tm; w&m;olBuD;ESifh
atmifEdkifoltjzpfjrifcJhonf rSefaomfvnf; yxrwpfMudrf 'kucHaom tapcHtjzpf (a[&Sm 53/ Zr&d 12;10)
ESdrfhcs El;nhHodrfarGYpGm (Zmc&d 9;9) <uvmcJhonf/ "ra[mif;usrf;\ tem*wdpum;twdkif; olonf
bkef;wefcdk;MuD;rm;pGmjzifhvnf; <uvmvdrfhrnf/ (Asm 19)/ tqifhESpfqifhjynfhpkHjcif;onf EdkifiHawmfqdkonfrSm
vuf&Sdumv (tpzGifhjcif;) jzpfaomfvnf; tem*wf (tjynfht0jyD;jynfhpkHjcif;r[kwf) vnf; jzpfaeaponf/
if;rSm "ropfusrf;xJ azmfjyonfhtwdkif;tpjyKcJhjyDjzpfaomfvnf; jyD;jynfhpkHjcif;r&Sdao;bJ? qufvuf
qGJqefYjzpfay:aeonf/
]]ykHo@mefajymif;vJMuavmh}}

,kHMunfolrsm;onfowif;aumif;tm;
Mum;&olrsm;omvQifr[kwfbJ
ajymif;vJoGm;olrsm; jzpfMu&ygrnf (6;4/ 7;6/ 2aum 5;17/ *v 6;15/ {zuf 4;22-24/ aum 3;10)
o'gzGJUpnf;ykHt& a0g[m&onf ]]rdrdudk,frdrdqufvuf ykHo@mefaMumif;vJ oGm;Muavm}} PRESENT
MIDDLE IMPERATIVE odkYr[kwf ]]qufvuf ykHo@mefaMumif;vJoGm;apjcif;cHMuavmh}} PRESENT
PASSIVE IMPERATIVE wpf rsKd;rsKd;jzpfonf/ txufu ]]ajymif;vJ}} pum;vkH;vnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/
tvm;wl qefYusifbuf oabmwpfcka,Z 18;31 EdIif;,SOfp&m&Sdonf/ vlom;\ qufuyfrI? vkyfaqmifrIESifh
bk&m;ocif\ vufaqmif a,Z 36;26-27 wdkYjzpfjyD; ESpfrsKd;pvkH;vdktyfonf/
tvm;wlpum;vkH; ]]ykHo@mef}} udk xl;jcm;aomta&mif tqif;jzifha,Iajymif;vJ&mwGif (rJ 17;2)
tokH;jyKum? ocifbk&m;\ ZmwdtppftrSefudk zGifhjycJhonf/ bk&m;Zmwdawmf (2ay 1;3-4) onf
,kHMunfolwdkif;txJ o@mefay:vGifae&rnfjzpfonf/ (2aum 3;18/ {zuf 4;13)
]]oifwdkY\ pdwfESvkH;udk qef;opfapjcif;jzif}h } if;onf *&drl&if;pum;t&nftaoG;opf (kainos) rS

qif;oufvmjyD; tcsdefumv topf (chronos) r[kwfacs/ *sL;rsm;tvdkt& tjriftmkHESifh tMum;tmHkwdkYrSm

0dnmOfjywif;aygufrsm;jzpfonf/ vlwpfa,mufonf rdrdpdwful; (pOf;pm;) onfhtwdkif; jzpfvmonf/
359

u,fwifjcif;&jyD; aemuf,kHMunfolrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yfrIaMumifh tawG;opf? tjrifopfrsm;

ydkifqdkifvmMuonf/ ({zuf 4;13? 23/ wduk 3;5)/ ormusrf;pmenf;ustopfaom urmhtjrifonf
0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yfjcif;ESifhtwl
,kHMunfolrsm;\
pdwfESifh
touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHaMumif;vJoGm;aponf/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ pdwfESvkH;udk 0dnmOfawmfpGrf;tm;ay;rIaMumifh t&m&mtm;vkH;0uJGjym;jcm;em;aom
enf;jzifh? trSeftwdkif; IjrifMuonf/ a&G;EIwfjcif;cHaom? 0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifaom pdwfESvkH;onf
touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHopfwpfckay:aygufaponf! t&mrSm y#dnOfw&m;opf\ uwdawmfyifjzpfayonf (a,&
31;31-34)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / jyefvnfqef;opf (AnakainsisS)

*&da0g[m&ykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;&Sdum (anakaino, anakainiz) [ltajcct"dyg,fESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/

1/ ]]wpfpkHwpf&mtm; topfESifh uJGjym;jcm;em;aomt&m wpfckjzpfaponf (ydkaumif;)}} a&mr 12;2/ aum
3;10
2/ ]]wpfpkHwpf&mtm; ydkrdkESpfoufp&maumif;aom ,ciftajctaeodkY ajymif;vJoGm;aponf}} 2aum 4;16/
a[jAJ 6;4-6/
(Louw and Nida's Greek English Lexicon, 1. pp. 157, 594 rS ,lygonf/)
Moulton and Milligan wdkY\ The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament ajymonfrSm a0g[m
(anakkainosis) tm; aygvkrwdkifrD *&dpmayrsm; rawGY&acs[lownf;/ aygvkudk,fwdkif a0g[m&tm;t
opfwDxGifvdkufjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (pm- 34)
Frank Stagg, New Testament Theology pmtkyf pdwf0ifpm;p&mrSwfcsufwpfck&SdonfhrSm
'kwd,topfarG;zGm;jcif;ESifh jyefvnfqef;opfjcif;udk bk&m;ocifuomydkifonf (0g) ESifhom
oufqdkifaom tvkyfjzpfonf/ ]]jyefvnfqef;opfjcif;}} *&dpum;vkH; Anakkainsis rSm tjyKtrIjyaom
emrfwpfrsKd;jzpfum? qufvufqef;opfjcif;udk azmfjy&ef tjcm;Mud,mESifh aygif;pyf tokH;jyKonf/ ykHpHudk a&mr
12;2 okH;onfh ]]oifwdkY\ pdwfESvkH;udk jyefvnfqef;opfap? ykHo@mefajymif;vJMuavmh}} (ajymif;vJapjcif;
cHMuavmh) [lvnf;aumif;? 2aum 4;16 ]]igwdkY] twGif;vlonf wpfaeYjyD;wpfaeY jyefvnfqef;opf
apjcif;cH&\}} [lvnf; aumavmoJ 3;10azmjyonfh ]]vlopf}} jzpfaom ]]olYtm;zefqif;awmfrIol\
ykHo@mefawmfESifhtnDoduRrf;rItm;jzifh jyefvnfqef;opfapjcif;cH&ol}}... ponfwdkY awGU&onf/ odkYjzifh
]]vlopf}} ]]topfaomtoufwm}} topfjyefvnfarG;jcif; ('kwd,tMudrftopfarG;zGm;jcif;) odkYr[kwf
]]jyefvnfqef;opfjcif;}}wdkYrSm rnfodkYyif azmfjyonfjzpfap topfudk ay;olESifh xm0&toufudk
qufvyfwnfaeapol ocifonf tpjyKvyfaqmifolESifh qufvufvkyfaqmifoljzpfonf/}} (p. 118)
]]bk&m;ocif\ tvkdawmfudk oifwdkYodEdkifrnftaMumif;}} if;rSm PRESENT INFINITE jzpfonf/

*&da0g[m& (dokimozo) udk auseyf ESpfoufrI&Sdap&efprf;oyfjcif;ESifh t"dyg,fwltjzpfokH;onf/

txl;taMumif;t&m 2;18 Munfhyg/
bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfrSmvltm;vkH;c&pfawmfrSwqifh u,fwifjcif;& (a,m 6;39-40) jyD;vQif
c&pfawmfenf;wltouf&SifoGm;&efjzpfonf/ (a&mr 8;28-29/ *v 4;19/ {zuf 1;4/ 4;13?15/ 5;17-18)/
c&pf,mef\ pdwfcs&rIonf (txl;taMumif;t&m 5;2) atmufygwdkYudk tajcjyKonf/
1/ ,kHMunfpdwfcs&ol bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmfrsm;
2/ oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ usdef;0yfjcif; (a&mr 8;14-16)
3/ ,kHMunfol\ ajymif;vJcJhjyD;? ajymif;vJaeaom b0toufwm (,mukyf a,m[ef) ]]toD;roD;ygu?
tjrpfr&SdaomaMumifhjzpfonf/}} (rJ 13;1-9? 19-23)/
360

]]bk&m;ocif\tvdkawm}}f atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mMunfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmf (thelma)

a,m[ef\c&pf0ifusrf;
- crnf;awmf\ tvdkawmfaqmif&Guf&ef a,I<uvmonf (4;34/ 5;30/ 6;38)
- crnf;awmfonf om;awmfudk ay;orQtm;vkH;aom olwdkYtm; aemufqkH;aeY aojcif;rSxap&ef
(6;39)
- om;awmfudk ,kHMunfoltm;vkH; (6;29?40)
- qkawmif;jcif;tajz&&SdrIonf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmftwdkif;vkyfjcif;ESifh qufpyfonf/ (9;31ESifh
1a,m 5;14)
c&pf0ifusrf;yxrusrf;okH;usrf;rsm;
- bk&m;&Sif\ tvdkawmfudkvkyfjcif;rSm tjywfqkH;jzpfaomt&mjzpfonf (rJ 7;21)
- bk&m;&Sif\ tvkdawmfudk vkyfjcif;onf a,I\ nDtpfudk? armifESrjzpfvmaponf (rJ 12;50/
rmuk 3;35)
- rnfolrQrysufpD;&efrSm bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfjzpfonf/ (rJ 18;14/ 1wd 2;4/ 2 ay 3;9)
- um&eDukef;xdyfonf a,ItwGuf crnf;awmf\ tvdkawmfjzpfonf (rJ 26;42/ vkum 22;42)
aygvk\ Mo0g'pmrsm;
- ,kHMunfolrsm;tm;vkH; &ifhusufjcif;ESifh trIawmfaqmif&Gufjcif; (a&mr 12;1-2)
- ,kMunfolwdkYudk qdk;oGrf;aom uyfumvxJrS u,fEIwfonf (*v 1;4)
- bk&m;&Sif\ tvdkawmfrSm a&G;EIwf&ef tpDtpOfawmfjzpfonf/ ({zuf 1;5? 9?11)
- ,kHMunfolrsm; 0dnmOfawmfudk awGUMuKHcHpm;um? 0dnmOfawmfESifh jynfhaeMu&ef ({zuf 5;17-18)
- ,kHMunfolrsm; bk&m;ociftm; oduRrf;jcif;ESifh jynfh0ae&ef (aum 1;9)
- ,kHMunfolrsm; jynfh0 pkHvifolrsm;jzpfap&ef (aum 4;12)
- ,kHMunfolrsm; oefY&Sif;pifMu,fap&ef (1ouf 4;3)
- ,kHMunfolrsm;t&m&m aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;Muap&ef (1ouf 5;18)
aywk\ Mo0g'pmrsm;/
,kHMunfolrsm;rSef&mudk vkyfae&ef (tpdk;&Zif;rsm;tm;emcH&ef) xdkodkYjzifh rdkufrJrIrsm;
wdwfqdwfoGm;ap&ef? owif;aumif;twGuf tcGifhaumif;jifqifay;&ef (1ay 2;15)
- ,kHMunfolrsm; 'kuqif;&JcjH cif; (1ay 3;17/ 4;19)
- ,kHMunfolrsm;twudk A[dkjyKumtoufr&Sif&ef (1ay 4;2)
a,m[ef\ Mo0g'pmrsm;
- ,kHMunfolrsm; tpOfwnfjrJae&ef (1a,m 2;17)
-,kMunfolrsm;qkawmif;csuf&&efaomhcsuf (1a,m 5;14)
]]aumif;rGef vufoifhcHbG,f&mESifh pkHvifjynfh0aom}} if;onf u,fwifjcif;&jyD;aemuf ,kHMunfolrsm;

twGuf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfudk ukd,fpm;jyKonf/ (zd 4;4-9) ,kHMunfolwdkif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\

yef;wdkifrSm ,ckyifc&pfawmfESifhwlaom &ifhusufrIjzpfonf/ (rJ 5;48)/
]]pkHvifjynfh0aom}}

a0g[m&onf ]]&ifhusufaom? ay;tyfaomwm0eftm; aqmif&GufjyD;pD;&ef

tjynfht0wyfqifay;onf/}} ]]&ifhrSnfhonf}} odkYr[kwf ]]pkHvifonf]] [k t"dyg,f&dS\/ tokH;jyKykHrSm
361

1/ ajcESifhvufrsm;usKd;oGm;cJhaomfvnf; aysmufuif;oGm;um? tokH;jyKEdkif&ef e*dktwdkif; jyefaumif;oGm;onf

2/ ig;zrf;ydkufrsm; aygufjyJoGm;cJhaomfvnf; zgax;jyKjyifum? ig;zrf;&ef wzefjyef tokHk;0ifonf/
3/ Muufuav;rsm; ausmfpm;&ef aps;uGufwifbkdYt&G,f a&mufvmonf/
4/ &GufoabFmrsm;a&aMumif;c&D;xGuf&ef&Guf? MudK;tpkHwyfqifjyifqifonf/
NASB
3

(aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 12;3-8

ighudk ay;aom aus;Zl;awmfrSwqifh igajymonfum; oifwdkYtxJu vlwdkif;udk rdrdudk,frdrdxifoifhonf

xufydkjrifhrm;pGmrxifbJ? bk&m;ocifonf wpfa,mufpDtm; ,kHMunfjcif;twdkif;tq wpckpD;ay;onfhtwdkif;
aumif;pGm ydkif;jcm; xifMu&efjzpf\/ 4taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf udk,fcEmwpfck udk,ft*Fgtrsm;&Sdum?
xdkudk,ft*Fgrsm;tm;vkH; tvkyfvkyfykHcsif; rwlMuonfenf;wl? 5trsm;jzpfaom igwdkYonf c&pfawmf txJ
wpfckwnf;jzpfMuum? t*Fgwpfckcsif;onf tcsif;csif;\ t*Fgrsm;jzpfMu\/ 6igwdkYudk ay;aom
aus;Zl;awmfESifhtnD igwdkYonf uJGjym;jcm;em;aom qkvufaqmifrsm;&&SdMuonfjzpf igwdkY wpfa,mufpDonf
if;wdkYudk vdkuf tokH;jyK&efjzpfonf/ ya&mzufjyKjcif;jzpfygu? ,kHMunfjcif;twdkif;twmudk vdkufvsuf?
7
trIaqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfygu trIawmfudk aqmif&Gufcsuf? odkYr[kwfoGefoifaom olonf rdrd\ oGefoifjcif;
trIvdkjyKvsuf 8wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfolonf rdr\
d
wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfrIdudk jyKvsuf? ay;urf;aom olonf
&ufa&mpGm ay;urf;vsuf? acgif;aqmifolonf ZJGvkYHvjzifh jyKum? *&kPmjyoolonf prf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmjzifh
jyKMuygrnftaMumif;wnf;/
12;3 ti,f 1-2 onf ]]pdwfESvkH;topf}} arG;jcif;tm; ydk av;eufapon/f ti,f 3 ]]xif}} (think)
[laom pum;av;vkH;yg&Sdonf/ The Zondervan Study Guide Commmentary, Romans pmtkyf Bruce
Corley ESifh Curtis Vaughan wdkY\ avhvmokH;wyfcsufrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/
]]csJUum;aom tawG;... oifhavsmfaomtawG;...&nf&G,fcsufygaom tawG;... rSefaomtawG;}} (p. 138)
xl;jcm;pGmaom azmfjyrIrSm taxmuftul&ygonf/
tcef;i,fonf 11;13-24 enf;wl atmufygwdkYudk ay:vGifapjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
1/ a&mrtoif;awmftwGif; ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;ESifh ,kHMunfolwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tMum; wif;rmrI
2/ aygvkonf a&mrMo0g'pmudk au&dEKjrdKUrS a&;om;jcif;jzpfjyD; (ol\ wwd,tMudrfajrmuf
oemjyKc&D;tqkH;) xkdjrdKU rmeaxmifvTm;rI? udk,fudkudk,f ajrmuf<um;rIrsm;olawGU&SdcJhonf/
]]ighudk

ay;aom aus;Zl;awmfrSwqifh}} if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE wpfckjzpfonf/

bk&m;ocifhxHawmfrS a&muf&Sdvmaom aus;Zl;awmfonf twdwfwpfcsdefu tjzpftysufwpfckjzpfonf/
('roufjrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:tjzpftysuf)/ usrf;ydk'd ]]aus;Zl;awmf}} [kqdk&mwGif 0dnmOfa&;&mqkaus;Zl;ESifh
qdkifjyD; (15;15/ 1aum 3;10/ 15;10/ *v 2;9/ {zuf 3;7-8) ajzmifhrwfjcif;vufaqmifr[kwfacs/ (a&mr
4)/ if;onf aygvkajymif;vJoGm;jcif;ESifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf wrefawmftjzpfapvGwfcHjcif;udk
nTef;onf/ (wref 9;15/ a&mr 1;1?5/ *v 1;15-16/ 2;7-8/ {zuf 3;1-2? 8/ 1wd 2;7/ 2wd 4;17)
]]oifwdkYtxJu

vlwdkif;udk igajymonfum;}} ti,f3? &Sdowday;csufrSm acgif;aqmifrsm;omvQif

r[kwfbJ? c&pf,mefrsm;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/

]]rdrdudk,frdrdvGefuJpGm

rxifygrnftaMumif;}}
aygif;pyfpum;vkH;rsm; 1;30 Munfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/
362

aygvkokH;aom

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]]bk&m;ocifonf wpfa,mufpDudkay;onfhtwdkif;}} if;rSm

wpfckjzpfonf/
,kHMunfolwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm;udk a&G;cs,fMujcif;r[kwfacs/ (1aum 7;17/ 12;11/ {zuf
4;7)/ olwdkY u,fwifjcif;&onfhtcsdef trsm;aumif;usKd;twGuf 0dnmOfawmfonf olwdkYudk ay;jcif;jzpf\/
AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE

(1aum
12;7)/
0dnmOfawmfqkaus;Zl;wdkYrSm
vlwpfOD;csif;tm;
trGrf;wifaom
*kPfj'yfqdkif&m
trSwftom;rsm;r[kwfbJ? ,kHMunfolwdkif;wdkYonf c&pfawmf\ udk,fcEmjzpfaom toif;awmftm; tapcH
EdkifMuap&ef tapcHrsm;okH;aom yk0grsm;omvQifjzpfonf/
]],kHMunfjcif;twdkif;tq}} if;onf rdrdwdkY&&Sdaom 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;udk xda&mufpGm tokH;jyKEdkifaom

pGrf;&nfudk &nfnTef;csuf/ (i,f 6)/ 0dnmOfqkaus;&&Sd&m aumif;aumif;rGefrGefjzpfoGm;ap&ef 0dnmOfawmf

toD;rsm;jzpfusifhokH;&efjzpfonf/ (i,f9-12/ *v 5;22-23) qkaus;Zl;rsm;rSm rdrdaemufvdkufrsm;tm; cJGay;aom
a,I\ trIawmfvkyfief;rsm;jzpfum? toD;rsm;rSmrI c&pfawmf\ ESvkH;om;jzpfonf/ xda&mufaom
trIawmfaqmif&GufrItwGuf ESpfrsKd;pvkH;vdktyfonf/
12;4 if;rSm aygvka&;aompmrsm; okH;aeuswifpm;rIjzpfonf/ vlom;\ udk,fcEmt*Fgrsm;
tcsif;csif;trSDtwG,f jyKaejcif;oabmonf toif;awmftm; qkaus;Zl;ay;jcif;taMumif;jyoonf/ (1aum
12;12-27/ {zuf 1;23/ 4;4? 12?16/ 5;30/ aum 1;18?24/ 2;19)/ c&pf,mef[lonf tpktaygif;
jzpfonfenf;wl wpfOD;csif;vnf;jzpfonf/
12;5 ]]trsm;jzpfaom igwdkYonf c&pfawmf\ udk,fcEmxJwpfckjzpfMu\/}} if;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;
wpfvkH;wpf0wnf;jzpfjcif;ESifh trsKd;rsKd; tzkHzkHjzpfMuaMumif; tav;teufjyKonf/ if;rSm toif;awmftwGif;
qkaus;Zl;&&Sdjcif;\wif;rmrIjzpfonf/ 1aum&dEK 13xJu cspfjcif;arwmbJGUonf qkaus;Zl;trsKd;rsKd;&&Sdjcif;\
wif;rmrItaMumif;ajymjyonf/ (1aum 12ESifh 14)/ c&pf,mefwdkYrSm jydKifbufcsif;r[kwfbJ? r[mapcdkif;
awmfrljcif; wpfaygif;wpfpnf;wnf;jzpfMuonf/
12;6-8 tcef;i,frsm;rSm *&dusrf; 0guswpfckjzpfum PARTICIPLE Mud,mESpfvkH;yg0ifaomfvnf;
yifrMud,mrsm;r[kwfMuacs/ if;udk THIRD PERSON IMPERATIVE tjzpf bmomjyefavh&SdjyD; ]]MupdkY}} [ljzpfonf/
12;6 ]]vufaqmifrsm;.... aus;Zl;awmf}} ]]vufaqmifrsm;}} (charismata) ESifh ]]aus;Zl;awmf}} (charis) wdkYrSm
*&drl&if;wpfckwnf;rSqif;oufvmjcif;jzpfjyD;}} ]]tcrJah y;onf}} [k t"dyg,f&onf/ 3;24\ rSwfcsuf Munfhyg/
0dnmOfawmf vufaqmifrsm;pm&if;udk 1aum&dEK 12/ a&mr 12/ {zuf 4 ESifh 1 aywk 4wdkY awGU&onf/
xdkpm&if;rsm;ESifh tpDtpOfrsm;rSm rwlnDojzifh tao;pdwf (0g) tjynfhtpkHr[kwfbJ? udk,fpm;
jyKjcif;oabmrQomjzpf&ayrnf/ ,kHMunfolwdkY rdrd\ 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm;tm; rnfodkY cJGjcm;od&Sd Edkifrnfudk
rajymjycJhbl;acs/ taMumif;t&mESifh qdkif ormusrf;pmrS r[kwfaom c&pf,mef fynmtaumif;qkH;udk Inter
Varsity tykHESdyfwdkuf\ pmtkyfi,fjzpfjyD; Paul Little a&;om;onfh Affirming the Will of God ygaom
ed,rrsm; awGU&onf/ bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmf odEdkif&ef vrf;nTefcsufrsm;onf vlwpfa,mufxda&mufpGm
trIawmfaqmif&GufEdkifaom u@odEdkif&ef yHhydk;ygvdrfhrnf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;udk rnfodkY qkaus;Zl;ay;onf odkYr[kwf
rnfonfh qkaus;Zl;&&Sdonfqdkjcif;xuf,kHMunfolrsm;udk
qkvufaqmifrsm; ay;xm;onf[k kod&Sdjcif;rSm
trSefyifydkrdkta&;MuD;onf/

363

]]vQif^ygu}} if;onf eite rS bmomjyefjcif;jzpfum ]]vQif ^ygu... }} [l t"dyg,f&SdjyD; ti,f 6?7?8

wdkY xyfcgwvJvJawGU&onf/ ti,f rnfonfh Mud,mrQvdkufrvmaomfvnf; (1aum 3;22/ 8;5/ 2aum

5;10) PRESENT INDICATIVE wpfck vdkufvmavh&Sdonf/ (aum 12;26/ 2aum 1;6) xdkYaMumifh
0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm;udk azmfjyaom yxrwef;cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/
]]tem*wdpum;^ya&mzufjyKcsuf

(pum;)}} if;onf "ra[mif;usrf;rSmuJhodkY bk&m;ocifay;aom

zGifhjyawmf rljcif; (0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom) owif;pum;rsKd;r[kwfacs/ "ra[mif;usrf; ya&mzufrsm;onf
ormusrf;pmudk a&;om;jyKpMuonf/ (0dnmOfawmfrIwfoiG f;jcif;)/ "ropfusrf;rIpum;onf bk&m;ocif\
ormw&m;udk a[majymaMumfjimjcif;jzpfonf/ MudKwifa[majymjcjif; (ya&mzufjyKjcif;) vnf;ygEdkifonf/
(wrefawmf 11;27-28/ 21;10-11)/ owif;pum;topfa[majymjcif;r[kwfbJ owif;aumif; {0Ha*vd
w&m;ESifh if;tm; ,aeYrnfodkY usifhokH;&rnfudk &Sif;vif;jcif;jzpfonf/ a0ga[m& ykHaoum;us[l r&SdbJ?
ajymif;vJ okH;Edkifaom oabm&Sdonf/ if;onf ,kHMunfolwpfOD;trIawmfvkyfaejcif; (1aum 14;1? 39) ESifh
0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;wpfckudk &nfnTef;onfhtcgvnf; &Sdonf/ (1aum 12;28/ 14;29/ {zuf 4;11)/ ajymif;vJ
tokH;jyKEdkifjcif;oabmudk a&mrMo0g'pmESifh wpfcsdefwnf; cefY aygvka&;aom aum&dEKMo0g'
pmapmifrsm;vnf; awGY&onf/ (1aum 12;10? 12/ 13;8/ 14;1?5?29?39)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / "ropfusrf;tem*wdpum; (ya&mzufjyKjcif;)

1/ if;onf YHWH xHrS zGifhjyawmfrIjcif;jzpfonfh 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;qdkif&m (wref 3;18? 21/ a&mr

16;26) *sL;&Adq&mMuD;rsm;\ t"dyg,fyGg;wpfckjzpfaom "ra[mif;ya&mzufjyKjcif;ESifh rwl? wpfjcm;pDjzpfonf/

(BDB 611) ya&mzufrsm;uomvQif ormusrf;pmtm; a&;om;Edkifonf/
u/ arma&Sudk ya&mzufwpfyg;[kac:onf/ (w&m;a[m 18;15-21)
c/ ordkif;^&mZ0ifusrf;rsm; a,mI "r&mZ0ifusrf;rsm; (koryg)udk ]]a&S;OD;ya&mzufusrf;rsm;}}
[kac:onf/ (wref 3;24)
*/ ya&mzufrsm;onf bk&m;ocifxHrS taMumif;Mum;csuf\ t&if;tjrpftjzpf,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;\ ae&mudk
,lxm;Muonf/ (a[&Sm,? rmvcd)
C/ a[jAJ"ra[mif;usrf;\ 'kwd,wJGudk ]] ya&mzufusrf;rsm;}} [kac:onf/ (rJ 5;17/ 22;40/ vkum
16;16/ 24;25/27/ a&mr 3;21)/
2/ "ropfusrf; xdkoabmudk trsKd;rsKd;okH;onf

u/ "ra[mif; ya&mzufrsm;ESifh olwdkY\ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom owif;pum; (rJ 2;23/ 5;12/

11;13/ 13;14/ a&mr 1;2)/
c/ tpktaygif;xuf wpfOD;wpfa,muftwGuf owif;pum;udk nTef;onf ("ra[mif; ya&mzufrsm;\
a[majymcsufrsm;rSm rlvtm;jzifh tpa&;udk ajymonf)
*/ ESpfjcif;q&ma,m[efESifh (rJ 11;9/ 14;5/ 21;26/ vkum 1;76) a,IwdkYtm; bk&m;ocif\
EdkifiHawmftm;aMumfjimolrsm;tjzpf &nfnTef;onf/ (rJ 13;57/ 21;11?46/ vkum 4;24/ 7;16/
13;33/ 24;19)/ a,Iudk,fawmfwdkifonf rdrdrSm ya&mzufwdkY xufMuD;jrwfoljzpfaMumif;ajymonf/
(rJ 11;9/ 12;41/ vkum 7;26/
C/ "ropfusrf;xJtjcm; ya&mzufrsm;
1/ vkum c&pf0ifusrf;xJrSwfwrf;wifxm;onfhtwdkif; a,I\ tapmydkif;b0 (rm&d\ rSwfom;rIrsm;)
(u) {vdZbuf (vkum 1;41-42)
364

(c) Zmc&d (vkum 1;67-79)

(*) &Sdrkef (vkum 2;25-35)
(C) tE (vkum 2;36)
2/ wpfzufvSnfha[mudef;rsm; (um,z? a,m[ef 11;51)
i/ {0Ha*vda[molrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf (a[majymjcif;qkvufaqmifrsm; 1aum 12;28?29/ Pzuf 4;11/
p/ toif;awmfxJ qufvufaeaom qkvufaqmif (rJ 23;34/ wrefawmf 13;1/ 15;32/ a&mr 12;6/
1aum 12;10?28-29/ 13;2/ {zuf 4;11)/ if;onf wcgwavtrsKd;orD;rsm; jzpfonf/ (vkum
2;36/ wref 2;17/ 21;9/ 1aum 11;4-5)
q/ tem*wfa[mMum;csufjzpfaom Asm'dwfusrf;udk nGef;onf (Asm 1;3/ 22;7?10?18?19)
3/ "ropf ya&mzufrsm;

u/ "ra[mif; ya&mzufrsm; (ormusrf;pm) uJhodkY 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aomtjcm; Asm'dwf

awmf frsm;ray;Muacs/ ]],kHMunfjcif;}} qdkaom pum;onf wrefawmf 6;7/ 13;8? 14;22/ *v 1;23/
3;23/ 6;10/ zdvdyd 1;27/ ,k' 3?20 wdkY yg&Sdojzifh t&mrSm rSefuefEdkifonf/
oabmudk ,k' 3 &Sif;vif;pGm jrif&onf/ ]]oefY&Sif;olwdkY txufu tyfay; (wpfcgwnf;ESifh
tjyD;tydkif tjrJtwGuf) cJhjyD;aom ,kHMunfjcif;w&m;}} ... [l yg&Sdonf/ ]]wpfcgwnf;ESifh tjrJtwGuf
,kHMunfjcif;}} [kqdk&m ormusrf;rsm;? Mo0g'rsm;? cH,lcsufrsm;? c&pf,mef\ avmutjrifwdkYudk qdkvdkonf/
]]wpfcgwnf;ESifh
tjrJtwGuf}}
[ltav;teufajymjcif;onf
"ropfusrf;a&;om;jyKpkjcif;twGuf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;udk &nfnTef;jyD;if;tm; "roabmw&m;t& uefhowfrIjyK&ef ormusrf; enf;us
tajccHjzpfum? if;onf aemufydkif; (0g) tjcm;a&;om;rIrsm;udk zGifhjyjcif;tjzpf cGifhrjyKacs/ "ropfusrf;
t"dyg,f roJuJGaom? r&Sif;vif;aom? raocsmaom u@rsm;pGm&SdonfrSefaomfvnf; ,kHMunfjcif;ESifh
usifhokH;jcif;twGuf vdktyfaomt&m tm;vkH; "ropfusrf; vkHavmuf&Sif;vif;pGmyg&Sdonf[k ,kHMunfol
lrsm;onf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh twnfjyKonf/ oabmudk ]]zGifhjyjcif;qdkif&mMwd*H}} onf tao;pdwfjyoonf/
(1) bk&m;ocifonf tcsdefae&m\ ordkif;xJ rdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjyonf/ (zGifhjyjcif; (REVELATION)
(2) olonf rdrd\ vkyfaqmifrItm; rSwfwrf;jyK&efESifh &Sif;jy&ef tcsKdUvlom;pma&;q&mrsm; a&G;cs,fonf/
(0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;)
(3) vlom;rsm;onf a&;om;rIrsm;udk em;vnfEdkif&ef olwdkY\ pdwfESvkH;rsm;udk zGifhay;ap&ef
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ 0dnmOfawmfudk olwdkYtm;ay;onf/ em;vnfonfqdk&m twdtusr[kwfbJ
u,fwifjcif;ESifh c&pf,meftoufwmxda&mufap&ef vkHavmufjcif;udk qdkvdkonf/ (em;vnf
oabmaygufapjcif;)/ t"duqdkvdkcsufrSm 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;[lonf ormusrf;pm a&;om;
olrsm; uefYowfxm;onf [l jzpf\/
trdefYtmPmydkifaom aemufxyfta&;tom;? lygkH (0g) zGifhjyjcif; [lr&Sdacs/ ormusrf;pmudk
uefYowfxm;cJhjyDjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifudk oifhavsmfvkHavmufpGm wkHUjyefEdkif&ef vdktyforQ ormusrf;pmwdkU
&SdcJhjyDjzpf\/ ormw&m;udk ormusrf;pma&;om;olrsm;\ oabmnDnTwfrI taumif;qkH;awGU&onf/ if;rSm
pdwf&if;rSefjyD;? bk&m;udk &dkaoaom ,kHMunfoltcsKdU\ oabmxm;rnDnTwfrIESifh rlqefYusifbufjzpfaeonf/
acwfopfpma&;ol? a[majymolrnfolrqdk ormusrf;pma&;om;olrsm; &SdcJhaom bk&m;\ tcGifhtmPm
acgif;aqmifrItqifhtwef;r&Sdacs/
c/ "ropf ya&mzufrsm;onf "ra[mif; ya&mzufrsm;ESifh qifwlrItcsKdU&Sdonf/
365

(1) a&SUjzpfa[mjcif; (aygvk?wrefawmf 27;22/ tm*Ak wrefawmf 11;27-28/ 21;10?11/ tjcm;emrnf

razmfjyaom ya&mzufrsm;? wrefawmf 20;23)
(2) w&m;pD&ifjcif;udk aMumfjim (aygvk 13;11/ 28;25-28)
(3) tjzpftysufwpfck ay:vGifpGm okyfazmfaom ykHaqmifcsuftjyKtrl (tm*Ak wrefawmf 21;11)
*/ {0Ha*vd ormw&m;udk a&SUjzpfa[mjcif;ykHpHjzifh wpfcgwpfavaMumfjimMuonf (wrefawmf 11;27-28/
20;23/ 21;10-11)/ odkYaomf if;rSm rlvpl;pdkufrI[kwfacs/ 1aum&dEKxJyg&Sdonfh ya&mzufjyKjcif;rSm
tajccHtm;jzifh owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;a[mjcif;jzpfonf/ (14;24?39)
C/ topfaom tajctae "avhxkH;pH (0g) tcsdefumvwpfckpDtwGuf acwfjydKifzGifhjyrIrsm;ESifh bk&m;ocif\
ormw&m;tm; vufawGUtokH;jyK&ef xdk"ropf ya&mzufrsm;rSm 0dnmOfawmf\ acwfjydKif vkyfaqmifrI
jzpfonf/ (1aum 14;3)
i/ aygvk yg0ifaom toif;awmfrsm;\ tapmydkif;umvrsm; olwdkYvIyf&Sm;yg0ifMuonf/ (1aum 11;4-5/
12;28?29/ 13;29/ 14;1?3?4?5?6?22?24?29?31?32?37?39/ {zuf 2;20/ 3;5/ 4;11/ 1ouf 5;20)
Didache vnf; ya&mzufrsm;taMumif;azmfjyum (yxr&mpk aemufydkif; (0g) 'kwd,&mpktwGif;
a&;om;onf/ tcsdefumvraocsm) ajrmuftmz&du 'kwd,ESifhwwd,&mpkESpfrsm;twGif; rGefwed0g'
(Montanism) vnf; azmfjyonf/
4/ "ropfusrf;xJ qkaus;Zl;rsm;&yfqdkif;oGm;cJhjyDaom

u/

ar;cGef;udk tajzay;&ef cufcJonf/ qkaus;Zl;rsm;ay;&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsuftm; t"dyg,f

owfrSwfjcif;onf xdktaMumif;t&m&Sif;vif;a0&ef ulnDonf/ xdkqkaus;Zl;rsm;onf {0Ha*vd
w&m;tpjyKa[majymjcif;tm; twnfjyKay;&ef t"duavm odkYr[kwf toif;awmfonf rdrdudk,frdrdESifh
aysmufqkH;aom urmMuD;tm; tapcH&ef qufvufaeaom enf;y,frsm;avm
c/ ar;cGef;udk tajz&ef toif;awmfordkif; (0g) "ropfusrf;b,f[mudk Munfhrnfenf; qkaus;Zl;rsm;
acw,m,DtwGufom jzpfonf[laom azmfjycsufrsKd; "ropfusrf; r&Sdacs/ udptaMumif;ajym&ef
1aum 13;8-13 tokH;jyKvdkolrsm;onf xdpmydk'f pma&;ol\ &nf&G,fcsufudk vTJrSm;pGm
okH;jcif;omjzpfonf/ if;usrf;ydk'f cspfjcif;arwmuvJTvQift&m tm;vkH;aysmufuG,f
rnftaMumif;
ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
*/ tcGifhtmPmqdkonfrSm toif;awmfordkif;r[kwfbJ? "ropfusrf;omvQifjzpf&um;?qkaus;Zl;rsm; qufvuf
foGm;aeonf[k ajym&ef uREkfyfaoG;aqmifjcif;cHae&ygonf/ rnfodkYjzpfapteufjyefjcif;udk ,Ofaus;rI
(culture) onf xdcdkufonf[k uREkfyf,kHMunfonf/ rl&if;pm tvGef&Sif;vif;aomt&m tcsKdUtokH;
jyKr&awmhacs/ (oefY&Sif;aomterf;? trsKd;orD;acgif;zkH;? tdrf toif;awmfpnf;a0;jcif; ... pojzifh)
,Ofaus;rIonf rlvpmudk xdcdkufonf qdkygu? toif;awmfordkif;onf tb,faMumifh rxdcdkufbJ
aernfenf;)
C/ if;rSm twdtusrajzEdkifaom &dk;pif;onfh ar;cGef;jzpfonf/ tcsKdU,kHMunfolrsm;onf ]]&yfqJjcif;}} twGuf
ckcHumuGufay;MurnfjzpfjyD;? tjcm;olrsm;onf ]]r&yfqJjcif;}} twGuf ckcHajymqdkMurnfjzpfonf/
tjcm;aom teufjyefjcif; u@rsm;pGm rSmenf;wl u@mfvnf; ,kHMunfolrsm;\ pdwfESvkH;rSm
t"duaomhcsufjzpfonf/ "ropfusrf;xJu t"dyg,fwdusonfh rnfonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk ,Ofaus;rI
ordkif;onf xdcdkufrI&SdjyD;? rnfonf taMumif;t&mrsm;rSm tcsdeftm;vkH;ESifh toif;awmf tm;vkH;twGuf
jzpfaMumif; qkH;jzwf&efcufcJonf/ Fee and Stuart's How to Read the Bible for All Its
Worth, pp. 14-19ESifh 69-77) vGwfvyfrIESifh wm0ef&SdrItaMumif; a&mr 14;1-15;13 ESifh 1aum 810 wdkY aqG;aEG;csufwdkYta&;MuD;onf/ ar;cGef; tajzay;&m ta&;MuD;tcsufESifh &yf&Sdonf/
366

(1) ,kHMunfolwkdif;onf rdrdwdkY&Sdaom tvif;tm;jzifh oGm;&efjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrdwdkY\

ESvkH;om;ESifh rdrdwdkY bmhaMumifhvkyfonf[laomt&mudk Munfhonf/
(2) ,kHMunfolwdkif;onf tjcm;olrsm;tm; olwdkY\ ,kHMunfem;vnfrItm;jzifh oGm;cGifhjyK&ygrnf/
ormusrf;pm\ uefUowfrIe,fy,ftwGif; onf;cHjcif;&Sd&ygrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk
olcspfawmfrlonfhtwdkif; uRefawmfwdkt
Y csif;csif;udkvnf; cspfapvdkonf/
i/ taMumif;t&m\ tusOf;csKyfrSm c&pf,mefonf ,kHMunfjcif;ESifh cspfjcif;arwmjzifh touf&Sifjcif;jzpfjyD;
pkHvifjynfh0aom "roabmw&m;wpf&yfr[kwfac/ tjcm;olrsm;ESifh uRefawmfwdkY\ qufqHa&;udk
tusKd;oufa&mufonfh bk&m;&SifESifh uRefawmfwdkY\ qufqHa&;onf wdusaom taMumif;t&mwpfck (0g)
t,l0g'xufydkrdkta&;ygonf/
]],kHMunfjcif;twdkif;twmudk vdkufvsuf}} if;onf ti,f 3onfh ]]bk&m;ocifonf wpfa,mufpDtm;

,kHMunfjcif;twdkif;tqwpfckpDay;onfhtwdkif;}} qdkonfhtcsufESifh wdkuf&kdufqufoG,fonf/ ({zuf 4;7)/

if;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY&&Sdonfh qkaus;Zl;tm; rnfodkY tokH;jyK&rnfudkajymaom ydkrdkus,fjyefYonfh
taMumif;t&mESifhvnf; qufpyf&ygrnf/ tajccHtm;jzifh *v 5;22-23 pm&if;jyKpkxm;onfh 0dnmOfawmf
toD;jzpfaom rdrdwdkYwpfOD;csif;tm; bk&m;ocifay;onfh trIawmfrsm; aqmif&Guf&m ,kHMunfol\
pdwfaeoabm? vkyf&jcif;taMumif;&if;ESifh pGrf;tm;rsm;taMumif;tm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
12;7
NASB
]]trIaqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfygu}}
NKJV, NRSV ]]odkYr[kwf trIaqmif&Gufjcif;? if;udk igwdkY\ trIaqmif&Gufjcif; tokH;jyKMupdkY}}
TEV
]]tapcH&efjzpfygu? uRefawmfwdkY tapcHjcif;jyK&ygrnf}}
NJB
]]tkyfcsKyfjcif;twGufjzpfygu? if;udk tkyfcsKyfjcif;twGufokH;yg}}
*&da0g[m& (diakonia)twGuf wdusaom t*Fvdyfpum;vkH;r&Sdojzifh acwfopfbmomjyef

usrf;rsm;uJGjym;&jcif;jzpfonf/ jzpfEdkifaom t"dyg,frSm (1) vufawGUaqmif&Gufjcif;odkYr[kwf (2)

tkyfcsKyfjcif;jzpfonf/ (wrefawmf 6;1/ 1aum 12;5?28)/ Harold K Moulton jyKpkonfh The Analitical Greek
Lexicon Revised) a&mr 12;7/ 1aum 12;5/ aum 4;17/ 2wd 4;5 wdkY ]]tvkyfvkyfykH? trIawmfodkYr[kwf&kH;}}
[k t"dyg,fzGifhonf/ (pm-92)/ usrf;pum;tquftpyft& t"dupl;pdkufjyKonfrSm tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;udk
ulnDjcif;jzpfonf/
]]oGefoifaomolrsm;onf ..... oGefoifjcif;jyKvsuf}}qkvufaqmif (didasko) udk 1aum 12;28Esifh 14;26

wdkY pm&if;jyKpkxm;onf/ if;onf wrefawmf 13;1u ya&mzufrsm;? {zuf 4;11u oif;tkyfq&mrsm;ESifh

qufpyfonf/ qkaus;Zl;&&Sdolrsm;onf trsKd;rsKd;aom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh tvkyfvkyfaeMuaMumif;
ueOD;toif;awmfonf &Sif;vif;pGmjrifxm;onf/ a[majymjcif; ya&mzufjyKjcif;? {0Ha*vdvkyfjcif;ESifh
oGefoifjcif;tm;vkH;wdkYonf {0Ha*vdw&m;aMumfjimjcif;jzpfaomfvnf;? txl;jyKrIESifh enf;vrf;uJGjym;onf/
12;8 ]]wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfolrsm;onf ... wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfjcif;jyKvsuf}} a0g[m&jzpfaom (parakaleo)
onf oGefoifjcif;ESifh qufpyfonf/ (1wd 4;13)/ if;rSm ormw&m;tm; b0toufwm usifhokH;wwfjcif;udk
&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ if;jyif {zuf 4;15?16 ]]ormw&m;udk arwmjzifh ajymvsuf... udk,fcEmonf
rdrdudk,frdrdarwmjzifh wnfaqmufvsuf...}} wdkYESifhvnf; qufpyfonf/
367

]]ay;urf;aom olonf &ufa&mpGm ay;urf;vsuf}} atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mMunfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / &ufa&mjcif; ^pdwf&if;rSefjcif;(HAPLOTES)

a0g[m& (hhaplotes) ]]&ufa&m}} odkYr[kwf ]]pdwf&if;rSef}} [laom t"dyg,fyg;ESpfck&Sdonf/ if;rSm lygkH
(vision) ESifh qufpyfaom wifpm;rIjzpfonf/ "ra[mif;usrf;wGif rsufpdudk vIyf&Sm;jcif;taMumif;&if;tm;
wifpm;jcif;tjzpfESpfrsKd;okH;onf/
1/ qdk;aom rsufvkH; (uyfap;eJjcif;/ w&m;a[m 15;9/ okwH 23;6/ 28;22/
2/ aumif;aom rsufvkH; (&ufa&mjcif;/ okwH 22;9)
a,Ionf okH;EIef;yHkudk vdkufonf/ (rJ 6;22-23/ 20;15) aygvkonf a0g[m&udk t"dyg,fESpfrsKd;jzifh
okH;onf/
1/ ]]kd;pif;jcif;}} pdwf&if;rSefjcif;? pifMu,fjcif; (2aum 1;12/ 11;3/ {zuf 6;5/ aum 3;22)
2/ ]]&ufa&mjcif;}} (a&mr 12;8/ 2aum 8;2/ 9;11/ 13)
]]acgif;aqmifaom olonf ZJGvkHYvjzifh}} if;onf c&pf,mefacgif;aqmifrItm; &nfnTef;onf/
]]ukPmjyolonf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmjzifh}} if;onf vlemrsm;ESifh r&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;tm; ulnDrIudk

&nfnTef;onf/ EIwfuywfawmf a[majymjcif;ESifh ,kHMunfol todkif;t0dkif;\ vlrIa&;udprsm;udk pdk;&drfylyefrIrsm;

tm; uJGjym;jcm;em;rIr&Sdap&acs/ if;wdkYrSm '*Fg;jym;wpfjym;\ ESpfzufomvQifjzpfonf/ odkYaomf ]]vlrIa&;
{0Ha*vd w&m;}} [lr&SdbJ ]]{0Ha*vdw&m;}} omvQif&Sdonf/

ti,f 1-8 twGuf aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm;

1/ oif\ udk,fcEmtm; touf&Sifaom ,Zfaumiftjzpfay;vSLqufuyfjcif; rnfonfh t&myg0ifoenf;
2/ ,kHMunfolwdkif; 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;&Sdygovm; (3-8/ 1aum 12;7) odkYjzpfvQif rdrdMudKuf&mudk
a&G;,lMujcif;avmh
3/ 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm tb,fenf;
4/ orusrf;pm 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm; tjynfhtpkHygaom pm&if;&Sdygovm;
5/ vlwpfa,mufonf rdrd&aom qkaus;Zl;udk rnfodkY cJGjcm;od&Sd&oenf;
ti,f9-20 tm; usrf;pum;tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;
u/ u@udk ]]wpfOD;csif;qdkif&m? qufqHa&;twGuf c&pf,mefvrf;nTefcsufrsm;}} [l taumif;qkH;
acgif;pOfwyfEdkifonf/ if;rSm cspfjcif;arwmESifh qdkifaom vufawGUusifhokH;jcif;taMumif; aqG;aEG;rI
Ijzpfonf/ (rJ 5-7/ 1aum 13/ 1,m 3;18/ 4;7-21)/
c/ a&mrtcef;MuD; 12onf taMumif;t&mESifh wnfaqmufykHwdkY 1aum&dEK 12-13 ESifh tvGefqifwlonf/
0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;taMumif; aqG;aEG;jyD;onfESifh wjydKifeufrmefrmetm; owday;jcif;ESifh cspfjcif;arwmtm;
touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHwpfcktjzpf usifhokH;jcif;wdkYudk tav;teufjyKrIrsm;vdkufygvmonf/
*/ if;usrf;ydk'ftwGif;yg&SdonfrSm
1/ tjcm;c&pf,mefrsm;ESifh qufqHjcif; (12;9-13) if;taMumif; 14;1-15;13ESifh 1aum 8;11/ 10;2333wdkY vnf; tao;pdwfaqG;aEG;onf/
368

2/ r,kHMunfolrsm;odkYr[kwf ydk jzpfEdkifonfrmS y#dyujzpfaeaom tjcm;c&pf,mefrsm;ESifh qufqHa&;

(12;14-21) jzpfonf/ u@onf a,I\ awmifay:a'oemawmftm; xif[yfonfESifhwlonf/
(rJ 5-7)/
3/ tydkif;\ pmydk'fcJGykHrSm vlYvuf&moufoufjzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm u@wpfckESifhwpfck xyfaeonf/
C/ pmydk'f touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHtwGuf awmufavQmuf ynwfcsufrsm;MuD;pdk;aeonf/ (PRESENT IMPERATIVE
i,f 4 (okH;cg)? 16? 20 (ESpfcg)? 21 (ESpfcg) ESifh PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE tm; IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh
tMudrfaygif;wq,fckESpfcg) okH;onf/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf c&pfawmfjyD;pD;cJhaom tvkyfESifh 0dnmOfawmf\
ydk;yef;rIrSwqifh bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfqdkif&m tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfonfrSefaomfvnf; if;udk
wpfcgvufcHcJhjyDqdkvQif
t&mcyfodrf;udk
ay;qyfaom
qufuyftyfESHjcif;ESifh
touf&Sifjcif;
ykHpHwpfckjzpfonf a,Iudk ]]udk,fawmf&Sif}} [kac:jcif;rSm wifpm;rIwpfrsKd;um;r[kwfygacs (vkum 6;46)
i/ pmydk'fonfvnf; qufvufjzpfay:aecJhjyD;jzpfaomvkyaf qmifrIwpfcktm; &yfwHhvdkufjcif;t"dyg,f&Sdaom
NEGATIVE
PARTICLE
yg&Sdaom IMPERATIVE t"dyg,fjzifh okH;onfh PRESENT PARTICIPLE
tawmfrsm;rsm;yg&Sdonf/ ti,f 14? 16 (ESpMf udrf)? 17?19 ESifh 21/ c&pf,mefwdkUrSm
tuefYtowfrJhtouf&SifaeMujyDjzpfonff
tjypf[lonf
tjrifwpfrsKd;tm;jzifh
bk&m;ocif\
qkaus;Zl;rsm;udk
bk&m;ocifay;onfh
uefYowfrIabmiftm;
ausmfvGef
,lxm;jcif;[k
t"dyg,fowfrSwfEdkifonf/
p/

c&pf,mef[lonf ]]zGifhxm;aomt&m}}
zGifhxm;aomwHcg; (,mukyf 2)

jzpf&ygrnf/

zGifhxm;aom

pdwfESvkH;?

zGifhxm;aomvuf?

pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pkavhvmjcif;
NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 12;9-13
9

cspfjcif;arwmonf [efaqmifjcif;ESifh uif;ap? qdk;aomt&mudk &&SmMuavmh/ aumif;aomt&m

wG,fuyfMuavmh/ 10npftpfudk cspfjcif;arwmjzifh tcsif;csif;cspftm; MuD;Muavmh/ *kPfjyK&m
tcsif;csif;wdkYtm;ydkjyKMuavmh/ 11ZJGvkH;vjyK&m aESmifhaES;usefscJhjcif;r&SdaESmifh/ ocifbk&m;tm; tapcH&m
pdwftm;xufoefMuavmh/ 12arQmfvifhvsuf 0rf;ajrmufMuavmh/ 'kua&mufonfhtcg ZGJ&SdMuavmh/
qkawmif;jcif; qufuyfMuavmh/ 13oefY&Sif;olrsm;\ vdktyfrIrsm;udk ulnDMuavmh/ {nfhonf0wfudkjyKMuavmh/
12;9 ]]cspfjcif;arwmonf [efaqmifjcif;ESifh uif;ap}} *&dvufa&;usrf; pum;vkH;csif; tquftpyf
(asyndeton) r&Sdjcif;rSm *&dt&yfokH;pum; Koine Greek rMuHKpzl;jzpfonf/ if;rSm rJ 5xJu
aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;\ a[jAJo'goabmxif[yfrIjzpfEdkifonf/ o'gzGJUpnf;ykHonf pum;pk wpfckpDrSm
wpfckcsif;oD;oefY&yfwnfaom ormw&m;wpfckpDtm; tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfayrnf/
]][efaqmif hypocrisy}} [lonf ]]rsufESmzkH;pGyf pum;ajymjcif;}} [laom ZmwfobifokH;
a0g[m&jzpfonf/ cspfjcif;arwmtm; [efaqmifjzpfap? twkvkyfjzpfap rupm;&acs/ (2aum 6;6)/
cspfjcif;arwmonf ,kHMunfolrsm;\ MuiftifvuPmjzpfonf/ (a,m 13;34-35/ 15;12?17/ 1a,m
3;11?18/ 4;7-21)/ taMumifrSm if;onf bk&m;ocif\ MuiftifvumjzpfaomaMumifhwnf;/
369

]]qdk;aomt&mudk &GH&SmMuavmh}} if;rSm

oabmjzifh okH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE

jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsmm;onf qdk;oGrf;rIudk thHMoum? if;udk qefYusifawmfvGefMu&efvdkonf/ (1ouf 5;2122)/ rdrdwdkY\ toufwmtm; wdkuf&dkufxdcdkufaom tusKd;qufrsm;udk omvQif uRefawmfwdkY
tHhtm;oifhavh&SdMuonf/
IMPERATIVE

NASB, NKJV
]]aumif;aomt&m wG,fuyfMuavmh/}}
NRSV
]] aumifaomt&mudk jrJjrJqkyfudkifMuavmh/}}
TEV
]] aumif;aomt&mudk qufvufpJGudkifMuavmh/}}
NJB
]]aumif;aomt&m uyfaeMuavmh/}}

if;rSm PRESENT PASSIVE (odkYaomf MIDDLE oabmjzifh okH;onfh PARTICIPLE jzpfjyD; IMPERATIVE jzifh
okH;onfh ]]aumfjzifhuyfonf}} [k qdkvdkonf/ (LXX \ urm 2;24/ wref 8;29 ESifh zdvdyd 4;8/ 1ouf 5;21-22
wdkYvnf tvm;wlokH;onf/) ZJGvkHYvESifhpJGjrJjcif;vdktyfrIrsm;udk rSwfom;yg
12;10
]]nDtpfudkarwmjzifh tcsif;csif;cspftm;MuD;Muavmh/}}
]]nDtpfudkarwmjzifh tcsif;csif;cspfcifMuifemMuavmh/}}
]]tjyeftvSeftcspfjzifh tcsif;csif;cspfMuavmh/}}
]]c&pf,mefrsm;taejzifh tcsif;csif;aEG;axG;pGmcspfavmh/}}
]]nDtpfudkrsm; jyK&rnfhtwdkif;? wwfEdkiforQwpfa,mufudkwpfa,mufcspfMuavhm/}}
if;rSm ]]nDtpfudkarwm}} ESifh ]]rdom;pkarwm}} ESpfckaygif;pyfaom *&da0g[m& (phileo + storge)
jzpfjyD; "ropfusrf;wGif ae&momokH;onf/ uREkfyfwdkYtcsif;csif;cspfMu&rnf[k ynwfxm;onf (1ouf
4;9)/
4if;rSm *&d0gusrsm; tav;teufjyK&ef yxrqkH;onfhoGif;tokH;jyKonfh yxrqkH; dative
wJGrsm;jzpfonf/

NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

NASB ]]*kPfjyK&m tcsif;csif;wdkYtm; ydkjyKMuavmh/}}

NRJV ]]*kPfjyK&m tcsif;csif;wdkYtm; ydk ay;Muavmh/}}
NRSV ]]*kPfjyK&m tcsif;csif;ay;Muavmh/}}
TEV ]]tcsif;csif;&dkaoav;pm;rIjyo&ef pdwftm;oefMuavmh/}}
NJB ]]tcsif;csif;av;eufpGm &dkaoav;pm;Muavmh/}}

if;rSm IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;aom PRESENT MIDDLE (deponent) PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/

,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdESifh y#dnOfcHazmf? cHbufjzpfaom tjcm;olrsm;udk rdrdxufydk ta&;MuD;olrsm;
tjzpfjyKrIqufqH&ygrnf/ ({zuf 4;2/ zd;2;3)
12;11
NASB
NRJV

]]ZJGvkHYvjyK&m aESmif;aES;usefcJhjcif;r&SdMuESifh/}}
]]ZJGvkHYvjyK&m raESmifhaES;MuESifh/}}
370

]] pdwftm;MuD;&m rzifhETJMuESifh/}}
]]tvkyfMudK;pm; rysif;&dMuESifh/}}
NJB ]]rem;raetm;[kwfvsuf ocifbk&m;twGuf tvkyfvkyfMuavmh/}}
ppfrSefaomarwmonf MuD;rm;aompGrf;tm;jzpfay:aponf/ (*v 6;9)/
NRSV
TEV

NASB, NKJV ]]pdwftm;xufoefMuavmh/}}

NRSV
]]pdwf"mwfjyif;jyMuavmh/}}
TEV
]]tjynfht0qufuyfaom pdwfESvkH;jzifh/}}
NJB ]]MuD;rm;aom EId;Mum;onfh pdwfjzifh/}}

if;rSm IMPERATIVE oabmjzifhokH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ t"dyg,frSm

]]qlyGufonf}} [ljzpf\/ if;onf topfarG;zGm;aom vl\ 0dnmOf (0g) txJ usdef;0yfaom 0dnmOfawmfudk
&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (RSV. wrefawmf 18;25/ Asm 3;15-16)/
]]ocifbk&m;tm; tapcH&m}} if;rSm

jzifh okH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/

rluJGvufa&;usrf;wpfusrf;&Sdonf/ wcsKdU*&dvufa&;usrf;jzpfaom taemufwdkif;tkyfpkrsm; (MSS D, F ESifh G) wdkY
]]ocifbk&m; (kurios) tpm;}} tcsdefrD tcsdef (kairos) [l yg&Sdonf/ tcGifhaumif;MuHKonfhtwdkif;
ocifbk&m;ESifh ol\ toif;awmftm; tapcHjcif;udk tav;teufjyKvdkjcif;jzpfayrnf/ (a,m[ef 9;4/ {zuf
5;16)/
jzpfEdkifacs t&SdqkH;rSm kurious udk em;vnfrIvTJrSm;jcif; (0g) trSm;zwfrdjcif;? a&;rdjcif; jzpfayrnf/
ta[mif;qkH;*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;jzpfonfh P46, Aleph, B wdkY ]]ocifbk&m;tm; tapcH&m}} [kyg&Sdonf/ UBS
onf ]]ocifbk&m;}} tm; ]]aocsm}} (A) tqifhowfrSwfcsuf/
IMPERATIVE

12;12 ]]arQmfvifhvsuf0rf;ajrmufMuavmh}} if;rSm IMPERATIVE tjzpfokH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE

jzpfonf/ (5;2)
]]arQmfvifh}} [laom a0g[m&udk 'kwd,tMudrfjyefvnf<uvmjcif;ESifh qufpyf okH;avh&Sdonf/ (5;2/
8;24/ 15;13/ 1ouf 5;8) if;rSm t*Fvdyfpum;vkH;rSm uJhodkY pdwfqEoabmrQomjzpfaom
ajrmfvifhjcif;rsKd;r[kwfbJ? "ropfusrf;\ t"dyg,ffrSm aocsmaomtjzpftysufjzpfjyD;? tcsdefumvrSm rl
twdtusem;rvnf&acs/ 4;18 ESifh 5;2 wdkY\ rSwfpkrsm; tjynfhtpkHMunfhyg/
]]ZJG&SdMuavmh}} if;rSm

jzifhoHk;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ a0g[m&\

t"dyg,frSm ]]vGwfvyfaom? apwemESifhjyKaom? Mum&SnfcHaom NrJNrJjcif;}} [ljzpfonf/
IMPERATIVE

]]'kua&mufonfhtcg}} 5;3?5 rSmenf;wl ]]ajrmfvifhjcif;}}udk 'kucHjcif; (thlipsis) ESifh qufpyfonf/ if;rSm

usqif;aom avmuxJc&pfawmfaemufvdkufolrsm;twGuf pHcsdefjzpfonf/ (rJ 5;10-12/ a,m16;1-3/

17;14? wrefawmf 14;22/ a&mr 5;3-4/ 8;17/ 2aum 4;16-18/ 16;3-10/ 11;23-30/ zd 1;29/ 1ouf
3;3/ 2wd 3;12/ ,mukyf 1;2-4/ 1ay 4;12-16)/ if;udk wul;wu &SmazG&efr[kwfonfenf;wl
a&Smif&Sm;&efvnf;r[kwfacs ]]txl;tMumif;t&m}} 'kuqif;&J-5;3 Munfhyg/

371

]]qkawmif;jcif; qufuyfMuavmh}} if;rSm

tjzpfoHk;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICLE

wpfckjzpfonf/ qkawmif;jcif;onf 0dnmOfa&;&m pnf;urf;csufwpfESifh urmhordkif; bk&m;ocif\
wefcdk;awmfvkyfaqmifrIudk
od&Sdapaom
vufaqmifwpfckjzpfonf/,HkMunfolrsm;onf
cspfawmfrlol
aumif;uifbHk&Siftzudk wdkYxdrIjyKEdkifMuygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrduav;rsm;\ qkawmif;rIrsm;tajzay;&ef
twGuf rdrdudk,frdrd uefYowfjcif;jyKonf/ (wrefawmf 1;14/ 2;42/ 6;4/ {zuf 6;18-19/ aum4;2)/ if;onf
qkawmif;jcif;tm; pdk;&GHUbG,&f mwm0ef 0w&m; jzpfoGm;aponf/ Clinton Arnold a&;aom Three Crucial
Questions About Spritual Warfare, pp. 43-44, 187-188 Munfhyg/
IMPERATIVE

12;13
NASB, NRSV ]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;\ vdktyfrIrsm;udk ulnDMuavmh}}
NKJV ]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;\ vdktyfrIrsm;udk ay;urf;Muavmh}}
TEV ]]rdrd\ c&pf,meftaygif;tazmfrsm;tm; oif &Sdaomt&mrsm; ay;a0yg}}
NJB ]]csdKYwJhaom bk&m;ocif\ oefY&Sif;ol rnfolrqdkay;a0yg}}
*&dBud,m koinoneo onf ]]taygif;toif;jyKonf}} [kt"dyg,f&Sdonf/ a0g[m&onf

aygvktwGuf
t"dyg,fus,fjyefYonf/ if;onf {0Ha&vdw&m;rSmenf;wl ypnf;OpmvdktyfrI taygif;toif; jzpfjcif;
ESpfrsdK;pvHk;udkqdkvdkonf/ (*v 6;6)/ if;onf c&pfawmf\ 'kuqif;&JESifh (zd3;8-10/ 1ay 4;13) aygvk\
'kuqif;&JwdkYtm; a0rQjcif;twGufyifoHk;onf/ (zd 4;14)/ c&pfawmfESifh aygif;zufjcif;[lonf olYvlrsm;ESifh
tqifhwdkif; aygif;azmfjcif;rnfayonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / oefY&Sif;olrsm; -1;7 Munfhyg/
if;rSm IMPREATIVE oabmjzifhoHk;aom PARTICIPLE wpfckjzpfonf/ (okwH 3;27/ *v 6;10)/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf a,I\ emrawmftm;jzifh tjcm;olrsm;twGufydk rsm;rsm;&Sdap&ef tvkyfBudK;pm;MuzdkY
jzpfonf/ (2 aum8;11-12/ {zuf 4;28)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /

KOINNIA
a0g[m&(koinonia) \t"dyg,frSm

]]rdo[m&}}
1/ vlyk*dKvfESifheD;uyfpGm oufqdkifonf/
(u) om;awmfESifh (1a,m 1;6? 1aum 1;9)
(c) 0dnmOfawmfESifh (2aum 13;13? zdvdyd 2;1)
(*) crnf;awmf? om;awmfESifh (1a,m 1;3)
(C) y#dOmOfcH0iftjcm;nDtpfudk armifESrrsm;ESifh/ (1a,m 1;7? wref2;24? *vm2;9? zdav17)
2/ t&m0xKrsm; odkYr[kwf t&m0xKtkyfprk sm;ESifh eD;uyfpGmoufqdkifonf/
(u) {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;ESifh (zdvdyd 1;5? zdvdrkef6)
(c) c&pfawmf\ taoG;awmfESifh (1aum 10;16)
(*) arSmifrdkufESifh roufqdkif (2aum 6;14)
(C) 'kuqif;&JESifh (zdvdyd 3;10? 4;14? 1ay 4;13)
3/ &ufa&mpGmjyKaom vufaqmifodkYr[kwf tultnD/ (a&mr 12;13? 15;26? 2aum 8;4? 9;13? zdvdyd 4;15?
a[NAJ 13;16)
4/ vlom;ESifh bk&m;ocif? vlom;ESifh ol\nDtpfudk armifESrrsm; tMum; rd[m, jyefvnf azmfaqmifaom
c&pfawmfrSwqifh bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfvufaqmif
if;onf vlom;\ a'giffvdkufqufqHa&; (vlom;ESifhzefqif;&Sif)tm;jzifh jzpfvmaom tvsm;vdkuf
qufqHa&;udk (vlom;tcsif;tcsif;) udk ajymonf/ xdkYjyif c&pf,mef vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGuf vdktyfcsufESifh
0rf;ajrmufrItwGufudkvnf; tav;teufjyKonf/ Bud,mrsm;u vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif; tcsuftm;
372

pwifcHpm;jcif;ESifh qufvufawGYMuHKcHpm;oGm;jcif;udk txl;jyKonf/ (1;3) (ESpfcg) 6?7)/ c&pf,mefqdkonfrSm

tpktaygif;ESifhjzpfonf/

]]{nfhonf0wfudkjyKvsuf}} if;rSm

oabmESifh oHk;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE

jzpfonf/ t"dyg,ftwdtusrSm ]]{nfhonf0wfjyKjcif;udk rSDatmifvdkufvsuf}} [ljzpfonf/ (14;19? 1wd 3;2?
wdwk1;8? a[NAJ 13;2? 1ay 4;9wdkY\ rSwfcsufMunfhyg/ ueOD;toif;awmf udpvGefpGm ta&;BuD;&jcif;rSm
]]wnf;cdkcef;rsm;}} qdk;&Gm;vSaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ if;\ t"du&nfnTef;csufrSm c&D;vSnfhvnfoGm;aom
c&pf,meftrIawmfaqmifrsm;tm; {nfhcHauR;arG;jcif; jzpfonf/
IMPERATIVE

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 12;14-21

14

oifhudk nOf;qJaomolrsm;udk aumif;BuD;ay;ygonf/ usdefqJjcif;rydkYbJ arwmydkYyg/ 150rf;omaom

olrsm;ESifh twl0rf;om? idka<u;olrsm;ESifh idka<u;yg/ 16tcsif;csif;tay: pdwfoabmxm;nDnGwfapyg/
pdwfESvHk;0g<um;jcif;r&SdbJ ESdrfYcsaom olrsm;ESifhtaygif;toif;jyKyg/ ynm&Sdonf[k rdrdudk,frdrd rxifrSwfESifh/
17
rnfolYudkrQtqdk;udk tqdk;jzifh rnfonfhtcgrQrwHkYjyefESifh/ vltm;vHk;tjrif rSefaomt&mudk pOf;pm;yg/
18
jzpfEdkifygu rdrdwwfEdkiforQ vltm;vHk;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;pGmaeyg/ 19rdrdudk,frdrd vufwHkYjyefjcif;rnfonftcgrQ
rjyKygESifh/ cspfolwdkY trsufawmftwGuf ae&may;Muavmh/ tMumif;t&mrlum; ormusrf;pm a&;om;onfrSm
vufwHkYjyefjcif;onf igESifhqdkif\/ igjyefvnfay;qyfrnf[ljzpf\/ 20odkYaomf oif\&efolqmavmifygu
tpmauR;um? a&iwfygu aomufp&may;avmh/ taMumif;rlum; xdkodkYjyKjcif;onf ol\ acgif;ay:
rD;awmufaom rD;aoG;rsm; yHkxm;jcif;jzpfvdrfhrnf[k xm0&bk&m; rdefYawmfrl\/ 21qdk;oGrf;rI\ tEdkif,ljcif;udk
rcHbJ tqdk;udk taumif;jzifhEdkifyg/
12;14 ]]oifhudk nSif;qJaom olrsm;udk aumif;BuD;ay;yg}} if;onf ti,f ESpfcgoHk;aom PRESENT ACTIVE
IMPERATIVE jzpfonf/ ]]txl;csD;usL;pum;}} eulogy [laompum;onf a0g[m&rS qif;oufjcif; jzpfNyD;
if;rSwqifh ]] bless aumif;BuD;ay;onf^arwmydkYonf}} jzpfvm\/ (rJ5;44? vkum 6;28/ 1aum 4;12?
,mukyf 3;9-12? 1ay 3;9)/ P46 (The Chester Beattry Papyri) ESifhvufa&; usrf; B (Vaticanus) wdkY
]]oifwdkY}} pum;vHk;udk csefxm;um azmfjycsuf tjcm;olrsm;yg0ifaponf/ odkYr[kwf if;udk tjcm;
enf;vrf;jzifh azmfjyNyD; ydkNcHKiHkaom azmfjyrIwpfckjzpfaponf/ ]]nif;qJ}} qdkaompum;vHk; twGuf 14;19\
rSwfcsufMunfhyg/
]]rusdefqJbJ}} if;rSm qufvufcJhNyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrI wpfcktm; &yfwefYaponf[laom t"dyg,f&Sdonf/

ygaom PRESENT MIDDLE (deponent) IMPERATIVE

jzpfonf/ if;onf
jyefvnfuvJhpm;acsay;&ef bk&m;ocif\ emrawmfudk ac:um qkawmif;jcif;tm; &nfnTef;onf/ (1aum12;3
&Sdaom usdefqJjcif;rsm;ESifh qifwlonf/) if;onf npfnrf;apjcif; oabmr[kwfacs/ ({zuf 4;29? 1ay 3;9)/

NEGATIVE

PARTICLE

373

15;15 ]]0rf;ajrmufaom olrsm;ESifhtwl 0rfajrmuf idka<u;aomolrsm;ESifh twlidkauR;yg}} PRESENT

INFINITIVES ESpfckudk IMPERATIVE oabmjzifhoHk;onf/ c&pf,mefwdkYonf rdom;pkwpfckjzpfonf/ ,HkMunf
olrsm;rSm NydKifbufrsm;r[kwfbJ tcsif;csif; rdom;pk arwmjzifh qufqHjyKrl&rnhfolrsm;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf
,Ofaus;rI tpOftvmaumif;rsm; odkYr[kwf tajctaersm;tm; owif;aumif; jyefYESHYap&ef tcGifhaumif;
rsm;tjzpf r,HkMunfoltokdif;t0dkif; tay: ,HkMunfolrsm;\ wm0efudk &nfnTefjcif; jzpfEkdifaMumif; ti,f14 rS
21\ oabmt& awGYEdkifygonf/
12; 26
NASB, NKJV ]]wa,muftay: wpfa,mufpw
d foabmxm; nDnGwfygap}}
NRSV
]]wa,mufESifhwpfa,muf nDnGwfpGm aeMuavmh/}}
TEV
]]vlwdkif;tm; nDwlnDrQ *&kpdkufyg/}}
NJB
]]vlwdkif;udk nDrQaom oem;Muifemrljzifh qufqHyg/}}

if;rSm IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh qkH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPEL jzpfonf/ (15;5? 2aum 13;11?
zdvdyd 2;2)/ ti,f 16udk atmufyg y#dyu rsm;ESifhqdkifIjrifjcif;jzpfonf/
1/ a&mrtoif;awmftxJ ,kHMunfol *sL;ESifh ,kHMunfol wyg;trsKd;om;rsm; (11;13-24)
2/ toufMuD;olrsm;ESifh pD;yGg;a&; tqifhtwef;wef;csif;tMum;
3/ 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;uJGjym;jcm;em;jcif;tay:
4/ rsKd;OD;qdkif&m xkH;wrf;tpOftvmESifh yk*dKvfa&;qkdif&m rsufESmudkudkufrIrsm;
]]pdwfESvkH;0g<um;jcif;r&SdbJ

ESdrfhcsaom olrsm;ESifh taygif;toif;jyKyg/}} if;rSm qufvufrsm;

aecJhjyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfcktm; &yfuefYaponf[k t"dyg,f&aom NEGATIVE PARTICLE yg0ifonf
PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ ]]ESdrfhcsol}} [laom a0g[m&onf tzdk odkYr[kwf trvdif
r[kwfaomMum;aevdifjzpfEdkifonf/ tzdktrr[kwfaom vdifjzpfygu bmomjyef&mwGif ]]ESdrfhcsaom
wm0efrsm;udk vufcHyg}} [k qdk&rnfjzpfum tzdkvdifjzpfygu ]]qif;&Jaom odkYr[k ESdrfhcsaomolrsm;udk
taygif;toif;jyKyg}} [kqdk&rnfjzpfonf/
]]ynm&Sdonf[k

rdrdudk,frdrdrxifrSwfygeJY}}
if;rSm
qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom
tjyKtrlwpfckudk
&yfwefYaponf[k t"dyg,f&Sdaom NEGATIVE PARTICLE yg0ifonfh NEGATIVE PARTICLE DEPONENT jzpfonf/
(okwH 3;7 a[&Sm 5;21? 1aum 10;12? *v 6;3)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf tcsif;csif;tm; tay:pD;
qufqHjcif;jzpfap? r,kHMunfol todkif;t0dkif;tm; rmejzifh jzpfaprqufqH&acs/
12;17 ]]rnfoludkrQ tqdk;udk tqdk;jzifh rnfonfh tcgrQ rwkHUjyefESifh/}} if;onf qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom
tjyKtrlwpfckudk &yfwefYaponf[k t"dyg,f&Sdaom NEGATIVE PARTICLE yg0ifonf IMPERATIVE abmjzifh
qkH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ taMumif;csif;&mwdkYtm; wnfhrwfvmap&efrSm
,kHMunfolrsm;r[kwfbJ bk&m;ociftm; vkyfaqmifap&efjzpfonf/ (okwH 20;22? 24;29? rJ 5;38-48?
vkum 6;27? 1ouf 5;15? 1ay 3;9)
]]vltm;vkH; tjrif rSefaom t&mudk pOf;pm;yg/}} if;rSm

oabmjzifh okH; aom PRESENT

MIDDLE PARTIVIPLE jzpfonf/ (2aum 8;21? 1ouf 5;22/ 1wd 3;7) if;rSm *&d"ra[mif;usrf; (LXX) \
okwH 3;4 tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf r,kHMunfolrsm;tm; {0Ha*vdvkyf&ef [laom
tjrifjzifh touf&SifMuonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf r,kHMunfolwpfa,muftm; vJapEdkifaom? okdYr[kwf
374

IMPERATIVE

pdrf;um;oGm;aprnfh t&mwpfckrQ tvkyf&acs/ (1aum 9;19-23) rdrdwdkY\ teufIdif;qkH; 0efwm&SdrIrsm;udkyif

cspfjcif;arwmay:vGifapaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh azmfjy&efjzpfonf/
12;18 ]]jzpfEdkifygu rdrdwwfEdkiforQ vltm;vkH;ESifh jidrfoufpGm aeyg}} if;rSm pma&;oltjr rSefonf[k
rSwf,laom t&m? odkYr[kwf ol\ pma&;[efjzpfaom yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf yg0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/ if;udk
PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE wpfckvdkufvmum IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;jcif;jzpfonf/ if;rSm ,kHMunfol\
pdwfMudKufa&G;cs,fjcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; jzpfEdkifaom t&mjzpfaMumif; o'gtokH;tEIef;jzifh azmfjyonf/ (rmuk
9;50? 2aum 13;11? 1ouf 5;13)
12;19 ]]rdrdudk,f rdrdvufwkH;jyefjcif; rnfonfhtcgrQ rjyKESifh/}} if;rSm qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom tjyKtrlwpfckudk
&yfwHhaponf[k t"dyg,f&Sdaom NEGATIVE PARTICLE yg0ifonf IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;aom PRESENT
ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
jzpfonf/ xdkudpudk waeYaomtcg bk&m;ocif wnfhrwfapvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ (0wfjyK
19;18? w&m; 32;35? a[jAJ 10;30)
]]ormusrf;pm a&;onfrSm}} if;rSm ta&SUtv,fydkifpmay\ twJGvdkufvdkufokH;aom pum;vkH; (tD'D,H)

tokH;tEIef; wpfrsKd;jzpfonfh PERFECT PASSIVE INDICTIVE

jzpfum? 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif; a&;aom
ormusrf;pmudk &nfnTef;onf/ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;qdkif&m tokH;tEIef;onf ]]xm0&bk&m;&Sif
rdefYawmfrlonfhtwdkif;}} ESifh tvm;wljzpfonf/ (1aum 14;21/ 2aum 6;17)/
12;20 ]]odkYaomf oif\ &efol}} if;rSm tem*wf jzpfEdkifajc&Sdonf[k t"dyg,ff&Sdaom wwd,wef;pm;
cRif;csufyg 0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/ &efol [lonf vmOD;rnfomjzpfonf/
]]olYacgif;ay:rD;awmufaom rD;aoG;rsm;ykHxm;onf}} if;rSm okwH 25;21-22udk nTef;qdkjcif;jzpfonf/

teufjyefykH oDtdk&Drsm;rSm
1/ if;onf "avhxkH;pHESifhqdkifaom tokH;tEIef;rsKd;jzpfjyD; tD*spfrSvmjcif;jzpf[ef&Sdum? oem;Muifem
wwfjcif;onf &efolwpfa,muftm; rdwfaqGwpfa,muftjzpf ajymif;vJoGm;ap&ef taumif;qkH;enf;
jzpfonf/ AkH;cdkusif;wl; tumtuG,f,lxm;aom 'kp&dkufay:vnf; c&pf,mef\ wm0ef&Sdaeayao;onf/
(rJ 5;44)
2/ ]]rD;awmufaom rD;aoG;rsm;}} [lonf vlwpfa,muf\ oifhawmfavsmufywfjcif;r&Sdaom tjyktrlrsm;onf
tjcmol\ arwmESifh tjypfvTwfjcif; tvif;xJay:vmaomtcg cHpm;&aomt&Sif wuJGjzpf&jcif;udk
udk,fpm;jyKazmfjyjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (Ambrosiaster, Augustine and Jerome)
3/ Origen ESifh Chrysostom wdkYajymonfrSm c&pf,mefwdkY\oem; MuifemrIonf aemifwr&olrsm; tay:
bk&m;&Siftm; ydkrdkjyif;xefpGm w&m;pD&ifaponf/ (Jerome Bible Commentary, vol. 2, p. 326)
txufyg oDtdk&Drsm;rSm xdkrQomjzpfonf/ t"du aomhcsufrSm ti,f 21&Sd aygvk\ tusOf;csKyf
azmfjyrIjzpfonf/
12;21 ]]tqdk;jzifh tI;rcHbJ? taumif;jzifh tEdkif,lyg}} if;rSm PRESENT PASSIVE IMPERATIVE ESifh PRESENT ACTIVE
IMPERATIVE ESpfckjzpfonf/ raumif;aom jyKrlrItay: uRefawmfwdkY\ wkHUjyefrIonf rdrdwdkY\ twGif
jirfoufjcif;ESifh 0rf;ajrmufjcif; tqifhudk tqkH;tjzwfay;um? ay:vGifapvdrfhrnf/ cg;oD; emMunf;jcif;onf
0dnmOfa&;&muifqma&m*gjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYonf if;udk bk&m;ocifxH qufuyf tyfESH&efjzpf\/
375

]]qdk;oGrf;}} if;onf tzdkvdifjzpfygu qdk;oGrf;aom oludk &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ /

16;20 Munfhyg)/ odkYr[kwf tzdkvdiftrvdifr[kwfaom Mum;aevdrfjzpfygu a,bk,sqdk;oGrf;rItm;

&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (12;9/ 1ouf 5;21;22)/ if;rSm "ropf usrf; awGUaeus t"dyg,froJuJGrIjzpf
onf/ (rJ 5;37/ 6;13/ 13;19?28/ a,m 17;15/ 2ouf 3;3 / 1a,m 2;13-14/ 3;12/ 5;18-19)/
topfaom pdwfaeoabmxm;rsm;ESifh tjyKtrlrsm;rSm {0Ha*vdw&m;jzpfaMumif; owd&&efjzpfonf/

ti,f 9-21twGuf aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;/

pmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkY teufzGifh&rnfudk vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif; jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm
ormusrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf
rdrd&&Sdxm;aom tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif?
ormusrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkYrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk
teufzGifhusrf; a&;ollrsm;tay:om yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom
ar;cGef;rsm;rSm
usrf;pm\
tydkif;wGif
yg0ifaom
t"du
taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;zdkY jzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHk r[kwfbJ qifjcifpOf;pm;rItm;
Edk;qGay;&efom jzpfonf/
1/ tb,faMumifh ti,f 6;21 twGuf PRESENT IMPERATIVES ac:apcdkif;rIrsm;ESifhtwl NEGATIVE PARTICLE
ac: ]]r[kwf}} jcif;jyaom pum;vkH;rsm; rQrsm;jym;&oenf;/
2/ ti,frsm;twGif; cdkif;apcsufrsm;tm;vkH; oD;jcm;pmydk'f wpfckjzifh pm&if;jyKpkyg/ if;rSm c&pfawmfESifh
aeYpOfwljcif; wnf;[laom xdwfvefYbG,f&m aumif;onfh vufawGUusvSaom p&if;wpfckyg/
3/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf tjcm; ,kHMunfolrsm; tay:jyKrlrIudk rnfonfh csufu&nfnTef;jyD;? r,HkMunfolrsm;
ay:jyKrlrItm; rnfonfh tcsufu &nfnTef;aMumif; qkH;jzwf&ef tb,faMumifh tvGefcufcJ&oenf;

376

a&mr 13
acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcJGrsm;
UBS4

NKJV

NRSV

tkyfcsKyfa&;
tm;emcHjcif;
13;1-7

tpdk;&tm;emcHjcif;

t&yfbuftmPm
ydkifrsm;tm;emcHjcif;
13;1-7

nDtpfudk
arwm

tdrfeD;csif;udkcspfyg

c&pf,mefESifhEdkifiHawmf EdkifiHawmftmPm
ydkifrsm;ay:wm0ef
13;1-7
13;1-5
13;6-7
arwmonf ynwf
tcsif;csif;ay:
w&m;jynfhpkHap
wm0ef0w&m;

13;8-10

13;8-10

13;8-10

13;8-10

c&pfawmf
aeYeD;uyf

c&pfawmfudk0wfqif

c&pfawmf'kwd,<u
vmjcif;eD;uyf

13;11-14

13;11-14

13;11-14

13;1-7

TEV

13;8-10

NJB

arwmESifhppfyJG

tvif;\ uav;rsm;
13;11-14
13-14

13;11-14

ywfvnfzwfIjcif; taMumhokH; (pm xi Munfhyg)

rl&if;pma&;ol\ pmydk'fvdkuf&nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnfjcif;
pmtkyfrSm teufzGifhvrf;nTef;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmudk rdrd[m
rdrdteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&onfh tvif;xJ
avQmufvSrf;oGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,f? ormusrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;udk teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;ay: om
ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/
tcef;MuD;wpfcef;tm;
wpfwdkifwnf;jzifhzwfyg/
t"duOD;wnfcsufrsm;udk
owfrSwfazmfjyyg/
taMumif;t&mtvdkuf oif\ pmydk'fcJGrIudk txufygbmomjyefusrf; ig;rsKd;ESifh Edkif;,SOfyg/ pmykd'fcJGrsm;onf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;? teufjyefjcif;\ toJESvkH;jzpfaom rl&if;pma&;ol\ MuH&G,fcsuf
em;vnfEdkif&efaomhcsufjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwdkif;taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd,pmydk'f
4/ ... pojzifh

ti,f 1-7 tm;usrf;pum; tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;

u/ tcef;MuD;12onf rlvtm;jzifh c&pf,mefESifh ,kHMunfolrsm; (i,f 9;13)? vlrItokdif;t0dkif;&Sd tjcm;olrsm;

(i,f 14-21) ESifh qufqHa&;taMumif;jzpfjyD;? tcef;MuD; 13;1-7 rl t"dutm;jzifh c&pf,mefESifh
EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&qufqHa&;taMumif; yg&Sdonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap taMumif;t&mrsm; wpfckESifh
377

wpfckydkif;jcm;jcif; oabmum; rawGU&acs/ aygvkonf if;wdkYudk wpfckwnf;tjzpf Ijrifonf/ avmuD

ta&;? avmukw&m ta&;[l ydkif;jcm;rI r&Sdacs/ touf[lorQ tm;vkH; bk&m;ocifydkifqdkifonf/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf u@wdkif; b@mpdk;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ tcef;MuD;ESpfcef;wdkY\ qufpyfrIudk 12;18
awGU&onf/
c/ EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&\ ae&mESifh qdkif ,kHMunfolrsm; em;vnfykHrSm trsKd;rsKd;jzpfonf/ "ropfusrf;
tpdk;&onf ume\ tquftEG,ftwGif; pwifjzpfay:wdk;wufvmonf/ (urm 14;16-22)/ AmAkvkef
arQmfpifMuD; (urm 11) rSm vlom;onf bk&m;ocifxHrS cJGxGufum? rdrd[mrdrdtkyfcsKyf&ef MudK;yrf;rIwpf&yf
jzpfonf/ tpa&;twGif; &Sifbk&ifpepf\ t"dyg,frSm bk&m;ay;aom Oya'ESifh cefYtyfxm;aom odk;xdef;
(&Sifbk&if) tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ pkd;pHrIjzpfaomfvnf; vlom;\ tjypfaMumifh if;rSm ratmifjrifcJhacs/
tpdk;&\ rSefuefaom ae&mtaMumif; rJ 22;21ESifh rmuk 12;17 wdkY aqG;aEG;rIwdkYrSm
tcsuftcsmjzpfonf/ usrf;ydk'f (ti,f1-7 ESifh 11onf rJ 22;15-22 ESifh 39 wdkYESifh
qifwlaomfvnf;) a,Iajymaom pum;rsm;udk aygvkrazmfjyjcif;rSm tHhtm;oifhp&maumif;ygonf/
usqif;aom
urmtm;
tkyfcsKyf&ef
bk&m;ocifay;aom
aumif;rGefonfh
rlrsm;&Sdygonf/
wrefawmfMuD;rsm;onf rMumcPyif tpdk;&ESifh bmoma&; tmPmydkifrsm; ESpfrsKd;pvkH;ESifh rnfuJhodkY
qufqH&rnfudk MudK;pm; &kef;uefcJhMu&onf/ vlom;tmPmydkifrsm;\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm; tay: trSDjyKum
tjyKoabm wm0efESifh tzsufoabmwm0ef ESpfrsKd;pvkH;&SdaMumif; xif&Sm;onf/ aygvkonf tpdk;&\
tumtuG,fay;jcif;ESifh nTef;qJjcif; ESpfrsKd;vkH; cHcJhonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap Asm'dwfusrf;rl a,m[efonf
tpdk;&tm; MuD;rm;aom jynfhwefqmr (Asm 17) [kac:onf/
tpdk;&onf 0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifaom rdrdwdkY\ Mowypdwftm; azgufzsufusL;vGef;jcif;r&Sd oa&GU
odkYr[kwf t<uif;rJh opawmfcHjcif; rawmif;oa&GU uRefawmfwdkYonf tpdk;&udk axmufcHtm;ay;&ef jzpfonf/
upOfhuvsm; jzpfjcif;xuf trdefYtmPmrSm ydkrdkaumif;rGefonf/ (2ouf 2;6-7)
*/ taMumif;t&mudkyif wdwk3;1 ESifh 1ay 2;13-17 wdkY aqG;aEG;onf/
C/ *sL;bmomonf yxr&mpkESpftwGif; a&mrtpdk;& atmuf w&m;0if bmoma&; wpfckjzpfonf/
c&pf,mefudk if;\ *dkPf;wpf*dkPf;tjzpf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm rSwf,lMuonf/ (wref 18;12-16)/ if;onf
tapmydkif; ESpfrsm;twGif; oemjyK vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk w&m;Oya't& tumtuG,f&aponf/ wrefawmf
0wKtm; a&;om;&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufwpfckrSm c&pf,mefonf a&mrtwGuf EdkifiHa&; jcdrf;acsmufrIwpfrsKd;
r[kwfaMumif;jyo&efvnf;jzpfonf/ a&mronf owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;ysHUESHU&ef EkdifiHwumwnfjidrf
at;csrf;a&; (pax Romana) wpf&yftm; jyifqifay;xm;onf/ (1wd 2;1-2)
i/ tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh qdkif aygvkawGU&aom udk,fwdkiftawGUtMuHKrsm;onf usrf;ydk'udk wif;rmaponf/
u@yg0if&jcif;\ jzpfEkdifp&mtaMumif;&if;rSm
1/ tpdk;&\ trdefYawmf (*sL;bmom a&;tcef;tem;rsm;tm; xdef;csKyfjcif;) aMumifh a&mrtoif;awmftwGif;
wif;rmrI/ udpaMumifh ,kHMunfol *sL;vlrsKd;tcsKdU xdkjrdKUawmfudk pGefUcGgoGm;Muonf/ (Oyrm tmukvESifh
jypfudv-wrefawmf 18;2) olwdkYr&Sdonfhtcg ,kHMunfol wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;\ acgif;aqmifrI
jzpfay:vmonf/
2/ a&mrjrdKU trsm;tjym; aexdkifol *sL;rsm;twGif; owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;a[majymrIaMumifh
a&mrjrdKUtwGif; jzpfvmaom wif;rmrI/ ordkif;okawoD Suetonious \ pmtkyf Life of Claudia 25. 2
rSwfwrf;wifonfrSm tifyg,m &Sifonf at?'D 49 ckESpf *sL;rsm;udk jrdKUawmfrS jynfESif'Pfay;jcif;rSm
378

aMumifh vlxkqlylrIrsm; jyefvnfay:aygufvmaomaMumifh jzpfonf[k qdkonf/ xdkemrnfrSm

vufwifbmomjzifh c&pfawmf Christ (Christos) tm; pmvkH;aygif; jcif; wpfrsKd;jzpfEdkifonf/
"Chrestus"

pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pk avhvmrI

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 13;1-7
1

vlwdkif;onf tkyfcsKyfol tmPmydkifrsm;udk emcH&efjzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm bk&m;ocifxHawmfrS

r[kwfaom tcGifhtmPm[l r&SdbJ? tmPm&Sdolrsm;rSm bk&m;ocif twnfjyKaom olrsm; jzpfonf/ 2xdkYaMumifh
tmPmvGefqefolrnfolrqdk bk&m;ocif\ trdefYawmfudk qefYusifjcif;jzpfonf/ qefYusif olonf
jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf/ 3taMumif;rSm tkyfcsKyfolrsm;rSm aumif;pGm jyKrIolrsm;twGuf aMumufp&m
r[kwfbJ?
bdk;oGrf;olrsm;twGufomvQif
aMumufp&mjzpfonf/
tmPmydkifrsm;udk
raMumuf&bJ
aevdkygoavmh aumif;aom t&mvkyfygu olwdkY\ csD;rGrf;jcif; cH&vdrfhrnf/ taMumif;rSm olonf oif\
aumif;usKd;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfxrf;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf oifonf qdk;oGrf;rIjyKygu? aMumufyg/
4
taMumif;rSm olonf "g;udk taMumif;rJhraqmifacs/ taMumif;rSm olonf bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfxrf;
jzpfum qdk;oGrf;oltm; trsufawmfoifhap&ef wkYHjyef&oljzpfonf/ 5xdkYaMumifh trsufawmf aMumufjcif;aMumifh
omvQif r[kwfbJ? rdrd\ Mowypdwfudk axmuf emcH&efvdktyfonf/ 6taMumif;aMumifh oifwdkYonf
tcGefrsm;udk aqmifMuavmh/ taMumif;rSm tkyfcsKyf olrsm;onf xdkt&mtwGuf olwdkYudk,f olwdkY qufuyfaom
bk&m;ocif\ tapcHrsm;jzpfMuonf/ 7olwdkY&oifh&xdkuf&mudk ay;Muavmh/ tcGefay;oifh oludk ay;avmh/
taumufay;oifhudk ay;avmh/ aMumufoifh oludk aMumufavmh/ *kPfjyKxkduf oludk *kPfjyKavmh/
13;1 ]]vlwdkif;... emcH&ef jzpfonf/}} if;rSm (1) PRESENT PASSIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfjyD; t"dyg,frSm
]]qufvufemcH&ef jyKjcif;cHol jzpfMuavmh}} [l vnf;aumif;? odkYr[kwf (2) PRESENT MIDDLE IMPERATIVE
jzpfum? ]]rdrdoabmtavQmuf emcHjcif;jyKonf}} [l jzpf\/ (wuk 3;1/ 1ay 2;13) ]]emcH}} submit qdkonfrSm
uGif;qufwpf&yftm; azmfjy&ef okH;aom ppfbufokH; a0g[m&jzpfonf/ aygvkonf ,kHMuonfolwdkif;tm;
ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfol tcsif;csif;emcHMu&rnf[k aygvk tcdkiftrm ajymonf/ ({zuf 5;21)
uREkfyfwdkY acwfrl emcHjcif;rSm tysufoabmaqmifaom a0g[m&ESifh wlonf/ if;onf ESdrfhcsjcif;
oabmESifh bk&m;ocif\ avmuESifh if;twGif; rdrdwdkY\ ae&mudk av;eufpGm em;vnf oabmaygufjcif;
ESpfckpvkH;azmfjyonf/ a,Ionf (1) rdrd\ avmuDrdbrsm;udk emcHonf/ (vkum 2;51)/ (2) rdrd\
aumif;uifcrnf;awmfudk emcHonf (1aum 15;28)/ olonf u@ uRefawmfwdkY\ vrf;jyjzpfonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / emcHjcif; 10;3 Munfhyg/
]]tkyfcsKyfoltmPmydkifrsm;tm;}} aygvkonf pum;vkH; (exousia) udk tjcm;ae&mrsm; aumif;uifqdkif&m

tmPmydkifrsm;? rlvtm;jzifh ewfqdk;rsm;tm; &nfnTef;&ef okH;aomfvnf; (8;38/ aum 1;16/ 2;10? 15/ {zuf
1;21/ 3;10/ 6;12) ae&m rlusrf;pum; tquftpyft& ]]EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;jzpf&ayrnf/ (1aum
2;6?8/ wduk 3;1/ 1ay 2;13)/ vlom; tpdk;&rsm;\ aemufuG,f aumif;uifqdkif&m tmPmydkifrsm; &Sdonf[k
ormusrf;pmonf qdkvdk[ef&SdonfESifh wlygonf/ ('Ha,v 10 ESifh LXX \ w&m;a[m 32;8/ ]]tjrifhqkH;aom
wefcdk;&Sifonf vlrsKd;rsm;udk ydkif;cGJum tm'H\ om;rsm;udk oD;jcm;cJGxkwfcJhpOf? olonf vlrsKd;rsm;\
tydkif;tjcm;rsm;tm; bk&m;ocif\ aumif;uif wref ta&twGufudk vdkuf csrSwfawmfrlonf/ Oscar
Cullman \ Christ and Time pmtkyfESifh Hendribukus Berkhof \ Christ and the Powers pmtkyfrsm;
Munfhyg/ odkYaomf tkyfcsKyfol tmPmydkifrsm;rSm bk&m;ocifatmuf aqmif&GufaeMujcif;omjzpfonf/ (ti,f
1?4?6)/ atmufyg txl;taMumif;t&mudk Munfhyg/
379

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / tcGifhtmPm (EXOUSIA)

vkum\ exousia (tcGifhtmPm? wefcdk;? odkYr[kwf w&m;Oya' tcGifhta&;) tokH;jyKykHrSm avhvm&ef
pdwf0ifpm;bkdU aumif;onf/
1/ vkum 4;6 pmwefonf a,Itm; tmPmay;Ekdifonf[k qdk\
2/ vkum 4;32?36 a,Ionf rdrd\ tcGifhtmPmokH;um oGefoifjcif;udk *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;
tHhMordef;armcJhMuonf/
3/ vkum 9;1 rdrd\ wefcdk;ESifh tmPmudk rdrdwrefawmfrsm;tm;tyfESif;onf/
4/ vkum 10;19 rdrd\ tcGifhtmPmudkomem jyKq&mckESpfq,fwdkYtm; tyfESif;onf/
5/ vkum 20;2?8 a,I\ tcGifhtmPmb,fu&aMumif; ar;cGef;xkwfjcif;cH&onf/
6/ vkum 22;53 a,Itm; jypf'Pf pD&ifum? owf&efqdk;oGrf;rI\ cGifhjyKjcif;cH&onf/
vkumc&pf0ifusrf;xJygaomfvnf; r[mapcdkif;jcif;tm; &SifrJ tpjyK ajymjy&m ]]aumif;uifbkHESifh
ajrMuD;ay:&Sd tcGifhtmPmtm;vkH; ighudk ay;cJhjyD}} qdkonfrSm thHMobG,f&m azmfjycsufjzpfonf/ (rJ 28;18)/
olwdkY\ ar;cGef;udk a,Iay;aom tajzrSm atmufygwdkYjzpfEdkifonf/
1/ bk&m;ocifonf olYtm; ajymaom pum;rsm;
(u) ESpfjcif; r*fvmcHpOfu (vkum 3;21-22)
(c) awmifay:wGif tqif;o@mefajymif;vJpOfu (vkum 9;35)
2/ jyD;jynfhpkHaom "ra[mif;ya&mzufpum;rsm;
(u) ,k'rsKd;EG,frS (urm 49;10)
(c) a,&JSrdom;pkrS (2"r 7)
(*) AufvifjrdKU zGm;jrif (rdum 5;2)
(C) pwkwajrmuftifyg,mumv (a&mr) zGm;jrif ('Ha,, 2)
(i) qif;&Jom;rsm; rsufrjrifrsm;? r&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm; ulnD (a[&Sm,)
3/ ol\ ewfqdk;armif;xkwfjcif;onf pmwefESifh olYEdkifiHtay: wefcdk;tmPm&SdykHudk zGifhjyonf/
4/ vlaorsm;jyefxapjcif;onf kyfcEmtoufESifh aojcif;w&m;ay: rdrdwefcdk;udkd jyonf/
5/ oljyKaom tHhMobG,f&m edrdwfvuPmrsm;onf acw,m,Dt&mrsm;? ae&ma'oESifh &kyf0wKwdkY tay: rdrd\
wefcdk;ESifh tcGifhtmPmudk zGifhjyonf/
(u) obm0w&m;
(c) auR;arG;jcif;rsm;
(*) a&m*gaysmufuif;apjcif;rsm;
(C) pdwfudk xkd;azgufodjrifjcif;
(i) ig;zrf;&&SdrIrsm;/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / vlom;tpdk;&
1/ ed'gef;
u/ t"dyg,fowfrSwfcsuf/ / tpdk;&[lonf od&orQ vdktyfrIrsm;ay;&efESifh &&Sdap&ef vlom; udk,fwdkif
zJGUpnf;aom tzJGUtpnf;jzpfonf/ (urmOD; 4ESifh 11)/ vlom;onf (rusqif;rDuyif urm 12;18)
vlrIa&;ow0gjzpfonf/ rdom;pkrsm;? rsKd;EG,frsm;? vlrsK;drsm;onf vlYtzGJUtpnf;? todkif;t0dkif;rsm;
jzpfay:aponf/
c/ &nf&G,fcsuf/ / bk&m;ocifonf rif;rJhtajctaexuf txuftrdefYawmf ydkrdkESpfoufonf/
380

1/ arma&SjyKaom w&m;Oya'? txl;ojzifh ynwfawmf q,fyg;rSm vlYtzJGUtpnf;twGif; vlom;twGuf

bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfjzpfonf/ if;onf 0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;ESifh vlYb0toufwmudk csdefcGifvQmnD
aponf/
2/
bk&m;ocifcefYtyfrIjzifh a&S;acwftpa&; tkyfcsKyfrIyifvQif aumif;uifbkHrS yg0ifaqmif&Guf
rIjzpfaomfvnf; ormusrf;pm rnfonfh tpdk;&zGJUpnf;ykHrsdK;udk axmufcHjcif;rjyKacs/ 'Drdkua&pD0g' (0)
t&if;&SifpHESpfonfvnf; ormusrf;pm ormw&m;ESifh rnDacs/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf rnfonfh tpdk;&pHepfrsKd;
ae&onfjzpfapoifhavsmf aumif;rGefpGm jyKrI&ef jzpfonf/ c&pf,mef\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm owif;aumif;
{0Ha*vdw&m;jyefYyGg;a&;jzpfjyD; awmfvSefa&;r[kwfacs/ rnfonfhtpdk;&rqdk tcdkuftwefYrQom jzpf\/
*/ vlom;tpdk;&\ rlvtp
1/ a&mrum odkvpf 0g'onf vlom; tpdk;&rSm rusqif;rDuyif &Sdaom yifudk,fvdktyfrIjzpfonf[k qdk\/
tm&DpfwdkwJh Aristotle onf xdktqdkudk yxrOD;qkH; azmfxkwfolkjzpf[ef&Sdonf/ olu ]]vlonf EdkifiHa&;
ow0gjzpfonf}} [kqdkonf/ odkY qdk&mwGif ]]ydk aumif;aom b0twGuf tpdk;&wnf&Sdonf}}
[kqdkvdkonf/
2/ ykdwufpwihf0g' txl;ojzifh rmwifvlomu ajymonfrSm ]] vlom;tpdk;&rSm usqif;jcif;rS&aom
tarGjzpfonf}} [k qdkonf/ olonf vlom;tpdk;&udk ]]bk&m;ocif\ vuf0JbufEdkifiHawmfjzpfonf}}
[kqdkonf/ oluajymonfrSm ]]vlqdk;rsm;udk xde;f csKyf&ef bk&m;ocif\ enf;rSm vlqdk;rsm;tm;
xdef;csKyfapjcif;jzpfonf}} [k qdk\
3/
um;vfrwfpf\
tqdkrSm
]]tpdk;&[lonf
vufa&G;piftenf;i,fu
trsm;pktm;
xdef;csKyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf}} [l jzpf\/ olonf EdkifiHa&;ESifh bmoma&;udk qifwlaom tvkyftjzpf
Ijrifonf/
2/ ormusrf;pmawmfvmtaMumif;rsm;
u/ "ra[mif;usrf;
1/ tpa&;rSm aumif;uifbkH okH;rnfh tkyfcsKyfa&;ykHpHjzpfonf/ a&S;acwftpa&; YHWH rSm &Sif
bk&ifjzpfonf/ oDtdkua&pDqdkonfh a0g[m&rSm bk&m;ocif\ wdkuf&dkuftkyfcsKyfrIudk azmfjy&efokH;onf/
(1"r 8;4-9)
2/ vlom;tpdk;&xJ bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmpufudk ol\ cefYtyfjcif;taMumif;
xif&Sm;pGmjrifEdkifonf/
(u) bk&ifrsm;tm;vkH; ('H 2;21/ 4;17? 24-25)
(c) ar&Sd,t&Sif\ tkyfpdk;rI/ 'H 2;44-45
(*) aeAkc'faeZm (AmAkvSefopf) a,& 27;6/ 'H 5;28)
(C) 'kwd,ajrmuf ukkrif; (yg&Sm;) 2&mZ0if 36;22/ {Z& 1;1/ a,&Sm 44;28/ 45;1
3/ bk&m;ocif\ vlwdkYonf usL;ausmfodrf;ydkufol tpdk;&rsm;udkyif emcHum? dkaoav;pm;&ef jzpfonf/
(u) 'Ha,v 1-4 aeAkc'faeZm (AmAkvSefopf)
(c) 'Ha,v 5/ aAv&SmZmrif; (AmAkvSefopf)
(*) 'Ha,v 6/ 'g&drif; (yg&Sm;)
(C) {Z& ESifh ae[rd (yg&Sm;)
4/ jynfawmfjyef,k'onf ukkrif;ESifh olYtquftEG,frsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;&efjzpfonf/
(u) {Z& 6;10/ 7;23
381

(c) *sL;wdkYrSm EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;&efjzpfonf/ rpf&SJe(Mishnah)? tAmo

(Avot) 3;2
c/ "ropfusrf;
1/ a,mIonf vlom; tpdk;&wdkYudk av;pm;rIjyonf/
(u) rJ 17;24-27/ Adrmefawmf tcGefaqmifonf/ (bmoma&;ESifh EdkifiHa&; tmPmydkifrsm;
twlwljzpfonf[k t"dyg,f&Sdonf 1ay 2;17)
(c) rJ 22;15-22/ rmuk 12;13-17/ vkum 20;20-26/ olonf a&mr tcGefawmfaiGtwGuf
axmufcHcsufay;jcif;jzifh a&mr tpdk;&tmPmudk cGifhjyKonf/
(*) a,m[ef 19;11/ bk&m;ocifonf EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&rsm;udk cGifhjyKonf/
2/ vlom;tpdk;&rsm;ESifh ywfouf aygvk\pum;rsm;?
(u) a&mr 13;1-5/ EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;rSm bk&m;ocif cefYxm;jcif;jzpfojzifh olwdkYudk
,kHMunfolrsm;emcH&rnf/
(c) a&mr 13;6-7 ,kkHMunfolrsm;onf tcGef txkwfrsm; aqmifum EdkifiHawmfawmf tmPmydkifrsm;udk
*kPfjyK&rnf/
(*) wdarmao 2;1-3 ,kHMunfolrsm;onf EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;&rnf/
(C) wdwk 3;1 ,kHMunfolrsm;onf EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;udk emcH&rnf/
3/ vlom;tpdk;&rsm;ESifh ywfouf aywk\ pum;rsm;
(u) wrefawmf 4;1-31/ 5;29/ aywk ESifh a,m[efwdkYonf bmoma&;vGwfawmfa&SU tppfcHMuonf/
(ormusrf;pmtm; emcHjcif;onf EdkifiHawmftm; emcHjcif; t&ifvm&aMumif; tcsufujyonf)
(c) 1aywk 2;13-17 ,kHMunfolrsm;onf EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;udk emcHjcif;rSm vlYtzJGU tpnf;ESifh
{0Ha*vd owif;aumif;\ aumif;usKd;twGuf jzpfonf/
4/ vlom; tpdk;rsm;ESifh ygwfouf a,m[ef\ pum;rsm;
(u) Asm'dwf 17/ AmAkvSefMunfhwefqmronf bk&m;ocifrygbJ zJGUpnf;pum? tkyfcsKyfaom vlom;tpdk;&udk
qdkvdkonf/
(c) Asm'dwf 18/ AmAkvkef jynfhwefqmr zsufqD;cH&onf
3/ ed*Hk;csKyf
u/ vlom; tpdk;& (usqif;aom urm) rSm bk&m;ocif cefYxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ if;rSm ]]&Sifbk&ifrsm;\ bk&m;ay;
tcGifhta&;}} r[kwfbJ tpdk;&rsm;twGuf bk&m;ay;aom wm0efjzpfonf/ ykHpHwpfckxuf tjcm;ykHpHwpfck ydk
raxmufcHacs/
c/ tmPmydkifrsm;udk emcH&efESifh qkawmif;ay;&efrSm ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf bmoma&; wm0efjzpfonf/
*/ aumif;pGm dkaoaom pdwfxm;jzihf tcGeftxkwfrsm; aqmifum vlom; tpdk;&wdkYudk ulnDjcif;rSm
,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf oifhavQmf avsmufywfonf/
C/ vlom; tpdk;&rSm EkdifiHawmf jidrf0yfydjym;a&;twGuf jzpfonf/ olwdkYrSm wm0efxrf;aqmifaeaom
bk&m;ocif\ tapcHrsm;jzpfonf/
i/ vlom;tpdk;&onf tqkH;pGefr[kwfacs/ if;\ tcGifhtmPmrSm tuefYtowfESifh jzpfonf/ EdkifiHawmf
tpdk;&onf bk&m;ocifowfrSwfay;xm;aom abmifudk ausmfvGefvmonfhtcg if;udk jiif;qef&m
,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ aumif;qdk; cJGjcm;wwfaom pdwf (Mowypdwf) udk axmufxm;
vkyfaqmifMu&ygrnf/ Mo*wfpwif;onf ol\ pmtkyf The City of God ajymonfrSm
382

]]uRefawmfwdkYonf e,fy,fESpfckjzpfaom acw,m,DESifh xm0&umvESpfckpvkH;\ EkdifiHom;rsm;jzpfMuonf/

(zd 3;20) ESpfckpvkH; uRefawmfwdkY wm0ef&Sdonf rSefaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmftwGufrl
tqkH;pGefaom wm0ef&SdMuonf/}} [k qdkygonf/ bk&m;ocifay: uRawmfwdkY\ wm0ef wpfOD;csif; tm;jzifh
vnf;aumif;? wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf; tm;jzifh vnf;aumif; jzpfonf/
p/ tpdk;&\ vkyfief;rsm;ESifh wefqmyvmrsm; ,kHMunfolrsm;onf 'Drdkua&pDpepfjzifh wuf<upGm yg0if&efESifh
jzpfEdkifonfhtcg EIwfuywfawmf oifay;&ef tm;ay;wdkufwGef;&rnf/
q/ vlrIa&;ajymif;vJrIrwdkifrD vlwpfOD;csif;aMumihfvJ &Sd&ygrnf/ tpdk;&wGif tem*wf trSefpifppf
Mu&SnfwnfwHhrnf
[laom
ajrmfvifhjcif;rsKd;r&Sdacs/
tpdk;&rsm;tm;vkH;
bk&m;ociftvdk&Sd
tokH;jyKonfyifjzpfap? bk&m;ocifrygaom tjypfjynfhonfh vlom;tzJGUtpnf;omvQif jzpfonf/
oabmudk a,m[ef\ tokH;tEIef;jzpfaom ]]avmu}} qdkonfh a0g[m&okH;EIef;ykHonf azmfjy\ (1a,m
2;15-17)/

NASB ]]bk&m;ocif wnfapaomolrsm;jzpfonf}}

NRJV ]]bk&m;ocifcefYxm;jcif;jzpfonf}}
NRSV ]]bk&m;ocif wnfaxmifcJhjcif;jzpfonf}}
TEV ]]xdkae&m bk&m;ocifxm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf}}
NJB ]]bk&m;ocifcefYxm;jcif;jzpfonf}}

if;rSm PERIPHRASTIC PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE yHkpHjzpfonf/ vlom;tmPmydkif rSeforQtm;vHk;\

aemufuG,f bk&m;ocif&SdaMumif; o'gzGJYpnf;yHku tcdkiftrmajymonf/ (a,m 19;11/ 'H2;21/ 4;17)
if;onf ]]&Sifbk&ifrsm;\ bk&m;ay;tcGifhta&;}} r[kwfbJ pepfwus &Sdapa&;twGuf bk&m;tvdkawmfjzpfonf/
if;onf tpdk;&yHkpHwpfrsdK;tm; oD;jcm;ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ tpdk;&udk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ EdkifiHawmftmPmonf
zdkz&Jjzpfaejcif;xufydkrdk aumif;ygonf/(i,f6)/
13;2 ]]tmPmvGefqefolrnfolrqdk}} if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ if;rSm csrSwfxm;aom
trdefYwpfckcktm; zDqefaomtusifh&Sdjcif;udk &nfnTef;um ]]rdrdudk,frdrd qefYusifbuf taetxm; xm;&Sdonf}}
[kqdkvdkonf/ (wref 18;6/ ,mukyf 5;6) rmuk 12;17 a,Ionf tpdk;&ESifh toif;awmf\ u@toD;oD;udk
&Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyonf/ tmPmydkifrsm; rdrdwdkYabmifudk ausmfvGefvonfhtcg rnfodkYjzpfaMumif; wrefawmf
5;25-32 awGY&Sd&onf/
]]qefYusifjcif; ...qefYusifol}} if;rSmPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE ESihf PERFECT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/
qHk;jzwfcsufjzifh
ykefukefrIudk
ajymonf/
bk&m;ocifonf
usqif;aom
urmtwGuf
tpDtpOfjyifqifay;xm;onf/ (ti,f 4?6)/ EdkifiHawmftmPmydkrsm;onf olwdkYtwGuf bk&m;ocifay;xm;aom
e,fedrdwfabmiftm; ausmfvGefvmjcif;u vTJvQif trdefYtmPmudk qefYusifjcif;rSm bk&m;ocifudk
qefYusifjcif;jzpfonf/ ppfrSefaom 0dOmPfa&;rSm tmPmydkifrsm;udk emcHjcif;jzpfonf/ usqif;aomvlom;onf
udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;vdkcsifMuonf/
]]jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf}} KJV onf ]]tjypfqdkjcif;}} condemnation udk ]]i&JcH&jcif;}} damnation

tjzpfbmomjyefonf/ pum;vHk;onf if;\ t*Fvdyfvdk t"dyg,fudk at'D 1611 ckESpfrSp jyif;xefaponf/

NKJV onfif;udk ]]w&m;pD&ifjcif;}} [k bmomjyefonf/ usrf;pum; tquftpyftm;jzifh if;onf (1)
bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifjcif; odkYr[kwf (2) tpdk;&\ w&m;pD&ifjcif; (i,f4) tm;&nfnTef; Edkifonf/ olwdkYonf
383

tcGifhtmPmudk qefYusifaom rdrdwdkY\ pdwfaeoabmxm;ESifh tjyKtrlrsm;tm;jzifh rdrdwdkYtay: w&m;pD&ifjcif;

usa&mufapMuonf/ (a,m 3;17-21)
13;3 tvm;wlrSwfcsuftm; 1ay 2;14Munfhyg/
]]tkyfcsKyfolrsm;}} txl;taMumif;t&m}}/ / tBuD;tuJ Arche 8;38 Munfhyg/
]]tmPmydkif}} txl;taMumif;t&m 13;1 Munfhyg/

13;4 ]]taMumif;rSm olonf oif\ aumif;usdK;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfxrf;jzpfonf}}/ tpdk;&

tmPmydkifwdkYonf vlrIa&;&m 'kpdkufjyKolrsm;udk qefYusifvkyfaqmifMupOf? ,HkMunf olrsm;udkrl rdrdudk,fwkdif
*vJhpm;wkYHjyefjcif;rjyK&ef
uefYowfonf/
(12;17-19)/
rmwifvkomajymonfrSm
]]vlqdk;rsm;udk
bk&m;ocifxdef;csKyfjcif;enf;rSm? vlqdk;rsm;tm; xdef;csKyfapjcif;jzpfonf}} [ljzpf\/
]]ygu^vQif}} if;rSm tem*wf jzpfEdkifacs&Sdaom wwd,wef;pm; cRif;csuf0gus rsdK;jzpfonf/

NASB ]]taMumif;rSm olonf "g;udk taMumif;rJhraqmifacs}}

NKJV ]]taMumif;rSm olonf "g;udk tcsnf;ESD;raqmifacs}}
NRSV ]]taMumif;rSm tmPmydkifonf "g;udk tcsnf;ESD;raqmifacs}}
TEV ]]'Pfcwf&ef olwdkY wm0ef trSefyif&Sdonf}}
NJB ]]olwdkYonf tmPm&Sd "g;jzifh yHkaqmifjcif;rSm taMumif;rJhr[kwfacs}}
]]"g;}} sword (machaira) onfao'Pfay;&m toHk;jyKaom

a&mr"g;ao;udk &nfnTef;onf/
(wrefawmf 12;2/ a&mr 8;35)/ usrf;ydk'fESifh wrefawmf 25;11 onf ao'Pfay;jcif;twGuf
"ropftajccHoabmw&m;udk ay;um? urm 9;6 url "ra[mif;usrf;tjrifudk &Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyonf/
aMumuf&GHUjcif;rSm Akef;okOf;um;jzpfjcif;tm; xda&mufpGmwm;qD;jcif; wpfrsdK;jzpfonf!

]]taMumif;rSm olonf bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfxrf; ...&efwkHUjyefoljzpfonf}} &efwkHYjyefol [laom a0g[m&

udk"ra[mif;usrf; tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ if;udk 0wfjyK&musrf; 19;18 yif oHk;onf/

"ra[mif;acwf vlwpfa,mufonf tjcm;vlwpfa,muftm; rawmfwqyifjzpfap owfygu? xdkol\
rdom;pkonf }}rsufvHk;tpm;rsufvHk;}} [laom vufpm;acsjcif; tcGifhta&;usifhoHk;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ aygvkonf
"ra[mif; xHk;wrf;pOfvmudk EdkifiHawmftpdk;\ tcGifhtmPmESifh qufpyfvdkufjcif;ESifh wlonf/
1ouf 4;6 bk&m;ociftm; *vJhpm;acsoltjzpf ajymum a&mr 12;19 ESifh wlonf/ usrf;csuf
ESpfckpvHk; w&m;a[m32;35udk &nfnTef;onf/ (a[jAJ 10;30)

(ekdikos)

13;5 ]]emcH&efvdktyfonf}} taMumif;&if;ESpfckazmfjyonf/ (1) bk&m;ocifjzpfap? tpdk;&tmPmydkifrsm;

jzpfapay;aom jypf'PfESifhvGwfuif;&ef ESifh (2) ,HkMunfoltxJMowypdwf\ tjypfwifjcif;/
]]Mowypdwfudkaxmuf}} a[jAJa0g[m& "breast" onfrdrdudk,frdrdESifh olYtjyKtrl\ taMumif;&if;tm;

od&Sd&jcif; oabmroufa&mufygu? "ra[mif;usrf; *&dda0g[m& }}Mowypdwf^ vdyfjympdwf^

qdk;aumif;cGJjcm;wwfaompdwf}}ESifh wlaom pum;r&Sd[k qdk&ayrnf/ *&dpum;vHk;onf rlvtm;jzifh
tmHkig;yg;jzifh od&aom todpdwfudk &nfnTef;onf/ if;rSm twGif; pdwftm;jzifh (Mowypdwf) od&jcif; twGuf
384

oHk;aom
pum;vHk;jzpfvmonf/
(a&mr
12;15)/
aygvkonf
w&m;cHkHk;
rdrdtppfcHcJhpOf
a0g[m&ESpfBudrfoHk;onf/ (wrefawmf 23;1/ 24;16)/ bk&m;ociftay: bmoma&;wm0efrsm;udk
ododBuD;jzifh azmufzsufusL;vGefrIr&SdaMumif; olod&SdyHkudk &nfnTef;&ef pum;vHk;udk aygvkoHk;jcif; jzpfonf/
(1aum4;4)
Mowypdwf[lonf ,HkMunfol\vkyfaqmifjcif;taMumif;rsm;ESifhvkyfaqmif&Ncif; taMumif;rsm;tm;
atmufygwdkYudk tajcjyK od&Sd&jcif;jzpfonf/
1/ ormusrf;pmenf;usurmhtjrif
2/ useff;0yfaom 0dnmOfawmf
3/ bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfudk tajcjyKaom touf&Sifjcif;yHkpHwpfrsdK;
todynm owif;auif;tm; udk,fwdkif vufcHjcif;jzifh yHkpH touf&Sifjcif;udk &&SdEdkifonf/
13;6 ]]taMumif;aMumifh oifwdkYonf tcGefrsm;udk aqmifMuavmh}} if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE
yHkpHjzpfaomfvnf; PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE (JB) jzpfonf/ if;rSm tpdk;&tmPmydkifrsm;tay:
c&pf,mefwdkY\ wm0eftwGuf wdusaom Oyrmwpfck jzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm tpdk;& tmPmydkifrsm;onf
bk&m;ocif\ tapcHrms; jzpfonf (i,f 1-2)/
13;7
NASB ]]olwdkY&oifh&xdkuf&mudk ay;Muavmh/ ...tcGef...taumuf...aMumuf...*kPfjyK}}
NKJV ]]olwdkYtm;vHk;&oifh&xdkuf&mudk ay;Muavmh/ tcGefrsm; ...taumufrsm; ...aMumuf...*kPfjyK}}
NRSV ]]olwdkY&oifh&xdkuforQay;Muavmh/ ...tcGefrsm; ...taumufrsm;...kdaoav;pmjcif; ...*kPfjyKjcif;}}
TEV ]]olwdkYay:wif&SdorQay;Muavmh/ rdrd\ ydkifqdkifrItcGefrsm;udk ay;um? if;wdkYtm;vHk;udk dkaoav;pm;

*kPfjyKyg}}
NJB ]]tpdk;&t&m&Sdwdkif;tm;? olawmif;,lcGifh&SdorQ wdkufdkuftcGefjzpfap? oG,f0dkuftcGefjzpfap ay;aqmifyg/
aMumuf&GHUyg/ odkYr[kwf *kPfjyKyg}}
if;onf tpdk;&tmPmydkif oD;jcm;tkyfpk ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm;wdkYtm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (RSV) odkYaomf
if;\ qdkvdk&if;rSm c&pf,mefwdkYonf tcGeftwkwfrsm;ESifh dkaoav;pm;rIudk tpdk;&tmPmydkifrsm;
tm;ay;Mu&efrSm olwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfxrf;rsm; (ti,f1?4? (ESpfcg) 6/ rJ 22;15-22) taejzifh
vkyfaqmifaeMujcif;jzpfonf[ljzpfEdkifygonf/
a0g[m&ESpfvHk;jzpfonfh ]]tcGef}} tax ESifh ]]taumuf}} custom wdkYudkt"dyg,fwltjzpf ae&m oHk;onf/
(TEV urlcGJjcm;aomfvnf;) pum;vkH;\ Zpfjrpfudk qef;ppfMunfhygu (rl&if;t"dyg,f)yxrtcGefrSm
odrf;ydkufaom vlrsdK;tm; ay;aqmif&aom tcGef (vkum 20;22) jzpfNyD; 'kwd,rSm wpfOD;csif;xH aumuf,laom
tcGefjzpf[ef&Sdonf/ (rJ 17;25? 22;17?19)/
a&mr 13;8-14 tm; usrf;pum; tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnf&yHk
u/ ti,f 1-7tm; oD;oefY wpfOD;csif;ESifh qdkifaom pmydk'fwpfcktjzpf em;vnfEdkifonf/ odkYaomf
]]&oifh&xdkuf}} [laom ti,f 7\ taMumif;t&monf ti,f 8 tjcm;t"dyg,fwpfrsdK;jzifh
qufvufae onfESifhwlonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf EdkifiHawmftay: wm0ef&Sdonfenf;wl
tjcm;vlom;rsm;ay:vnf; wm0ef&Sdonf/
c/ ti,f8-10onf ti,f 11-14rSmenf;wl tawG;tkyfpkwpfpkjzpfonf/ if;wdkYonf tjcm;olrsm;udk
cspf&ef c&pf,mefwdkY\ wm0ef&SdrItm; tcef;BuD;12 aqG;aEG;rI\ tqufjzpfonf/
*/ aygvkonf "ra[mif;\ ynwfawmfq,fyg;tm; y#dOmOfw&m;opf ,HkMunfolrsm;\
udk,fusifhw&m;vrf;nTeftjzpf oHk;jcif;jzifh bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom touf&Sifjcif; u@twGuf
385

(oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;) "ra[mif;usrf;ESifh qufvuf oufqdkifrI&SdaMumif;jyonf/ xdkodkYqdk&m

u,fwif jcif; (oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;-*vm3) twGuf r[kwfacs/ aygvkonf udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m
rdrdu vrf;nTefrItwGuf t&if;tjrpf tawmfrsm;rsm;rSpkpnf;jcif; jzpfyHkay:onf/
1/ a,Iajymaompum;rsm;
2/ 0dnmOfawmf\vrf;jyrI
3/ "ra[mif;usrf;
4/ rdrd\ &Ad*sL;usrf;pm q&moifwef;
5/ *&dawG;ac:&Sifrsm; taMumif; rdrdod&SdyHk (txl;ojzifh Stoic ac: onf;cHjcif;w&m;)
if;onf bk&m;ocifudk cspfjcif;? ESdrfhcsjcif;udk ESpfoufjcif;? bk&m;ocifudk tapcHjcif;? vlom;rsm;udk
tapcHjcif;wnf;[laom-]]cspfjcif;arwm? Oya'}} udk xif&Sm;ay:vGifaponf/
C/ ti,f 11-14onf tem*wf jzpfysufrnfht&m (uyfumvtqHk;) rsm;oabmjzpfonf/ tarSmifESifh
tvif;onf Dead Sea Scrolls (yifv,faoem;u awGY&Sdaom a&S;a[mif;vufa&;usrf;rsm;) tygt0if
*sL;pmay\ xl;jcm;rIjzpfonf/ if;rSm a,m[efESihf aygvkwdkYa&;aom pmrsm;vnf; ygaeusjzpfonf/
]]jzpfaecJhNyD;aom}} ESifh ]]rjzpf&ao;aom}} c&pf,meftoufwm\ wif;rmrIonf bk&m;w&m;ESifhtnD
touf&Sif&ef EId;aqmfrIjzpfonf/ ]]uyfumvmtopf}} (bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmf)rSm zGifhyGJjyKcJhNyD; jzpfum?
rMumrSDNyD;jynfhpHkvmvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ usrf;ydk'fonf 1ouf5;1-11 ESifh vGefpGmwlnDonf/
i/ ti,f13-14onf at'D 386ckESpf aEGumvtwGif; emrnftaBuD;qHk;toif;awmfzcifBuD; wpfOD;jzpfol
Mo*pfpwif;\ b0toufwmajymif;vJoGm;aponf/ olonf rdrd\ Confessions 8:29 ajymonfrSm
]]uREkfyfonf aemufxyf qufvufrzwfawmhacs/ qufvuf zwfp&mvnf;rvdkawmhacs/ 0gus
qHk;atmif zwfNyD;onfESifh wNydKifeuf &Sif;vif;aom tvif;a&mif wpfckonf uREkfyf\ ESvHk;om;udk
vTrf;NcHKoGm;cJh&m oHo,\ arSmifrdkuftm;vHk; vTifhpifaysmufuG,foGm;onf}} [kqdk\/

pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pkavhvmjcif;
NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 13;8-10
8

tcsif;csif;cspfjcif; arwmrSwpfyg; wpfa,mufa,mufay: ta<u;rwifESifh/ taMumif;rSm rdrdtdrfeD;

csif;udkcspfaom olonf ynwfw&m;awmfjynfhpHkapcJhNyD/ 9taMumif;rSm olwyg;r,m;udk rjypfrSm;&? vlrowf&?
rcdk;&? remvdkpdwfr&Sd& tp&SdonfwdkYESifh tjcm;ynwfcsuf&SdorQ tm;vHk;udk rdrdudk,frdrd cspfonfenf;wl
rdrdtdrfeD;csif;tm; cspfavmh[laom tcsufonf tusOf;csKyfxm;\/ 10cspfjcif;arwmonf tdrfeD;csif;tay:
trSm;rjyKacs/ xdkYaMumifh cspfjcif;arwmrSm ynwfw&m;awm jynfhpHk;jcif;jzpf\/
13;8 ]]wa,mufa,mufay:ta<u;rwifESifh}} if;rSmPRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfNyD;? qufvufcHNyDjzpfaom
vkyfaqmifrIwpfcktm; &yfwhHaponf [kt"dyg,f&Sdaom NEGATIVE PARTICIPLE yg&Sdonf/ tav;teufjyKaom
pum;pk]]r[kwf}} oabmESpfck&Sdonf/ if;rSm tcGefaqmif jcif;udpESifh qufpyfjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (i,f6-7)/
aiGaMu;ta<u;wifjcif;onf pdwfcHpm;rIESifh 0dnmOf a&;&m BuD;pGm cGeftm;csdeJY oGm;apavh&Sdonf/
avmuDqefjcif;udk
owdjyKyg/
avmuDqefjcif;onf
c&pf,mefudprsm;tm;
yhHydk;EdkifpGrf;ESifh
udk,fwdkif\cspfjcif;arwmudk vk,lav;&Sdonf/ odkYaomf usrf;csuftm; ]]azgufonfrsm;ua<u;ra&mif;&}}
jcif;tawGuf oufaotjzpf oHk;r&acs/ ormusrf; pmtm;if;\ acwftvif;xJ teufjyef&onf/ if;rSm
reufxkwfowif;pm r[kwfacs! ti,f 8-10 ajymonfrSm uRefawmfwkdYtcsif;csif; cspf&m (1)
386

y#dnmOfw&m; nDtpfudkcsif;tjzpf (rJ 22;39-40/ a,m 13;34-35) ESifh (2) vlom;csif;taejzifh (rJ
5;42/ *vm 6;10) cspfMu&ef jzpfaMumif;yif/
NIDNTT, twGJ 1? pmrsufESm- 668 ]]ta<u;wif}} [laom Bud,m\ t"dyg,fyGg;ESpfrsdK;azmfjy onf/
1/ c&pf0ifusrf;rsm; if;udk aiG^ypnf;ta<u;tjzpfoHk;onf/
2/ aygvk\ pmrsm;rsm; wm0eftjzpfoHk;onf/
usrf;csufrl aygvkonf t"dyg,fyGm;wdkYudk aygif;pyfxm;onfESifh wlonf/
]]tcsif;csif;cspfjcif;arwmrSwpfyg;}} if;onf usrf;csufwdkY\ aomhcsufjzpfonf/ (a,m 13;14/ 15;12/

a&mr 12;10/ 1aum 13/ zd 2;3-4/ 1ouf 4;9/ a[NAJ 13;1/ 2ay 1;7/ 1a,m 3;11/ 4;7? 11-12)

]]rdrdtdrfeD;csif;udk cspfaomolonf}} Bud,mrSm

jzpfonf/ if;rSm oD;oefY

cspfjcif;arwmESifhwlaom touf&Sifjcif;yHk

PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE

(0g) tcgtm;avsmfpGm cspfjcif;rsdK;r[kwfbJ? c&pfawmf\

pHudkajymonf/
]]tdrfeD;csif;}} a0g[m&\ rl&if;t"dyg,frSm ]]trsdK;uGJ^ aemufwpfck}} (heteros) [lkjzpfaomfvnf;
heteros ESiahf llos (trsdK;wlaemufwpfck) wdkY\ jcm;em;rIrSm trsm;oHk; Koine Greek aysmufuG,f oGm;onf/
ae&mrl tus,fjyefYqHk;tm;jzifh ,HkMunfoljzpfap? r,HkMunfoljzpfap? vlwpfa,muf\ tdrfeD;csif;udk
&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (vkum 12;14-21/ 10;25-37)/ odkYaomf usrf;ydk'f udk;um;aom 0wfjyK 19;18
rl y#dOmOfcHazmf? cHzuftjcm;olwpfa,muf (tpa&;trsdK;om;csif; wpfa,muf) udkqdkvdkonf/
c&pf,mefwdkYonf tjcm;c&pf,mefwdkYudk nDtpfudkcsif;tjzpf cspf&efjzpfum? aysmufqHk;olrsm;udkrl
bk&m;ocifonf avmuDom;tm;vHk; cspfonfenf;wlcspf&efjzpfygonf/ (a,m3;16)/ c&pf,mef[lonf
rdom;pkwpfckjzpfonf/ toif;om;wdkif;onf wpfckvHk;usef;rma&;ESifh BuD;xGm;a&;twGuf touf&Sifum
tapcHMuonf(1aum 12;7)/

NASB, NKJV
NRSV ]]ynwfw&m;awmfjynfhpHkapcJhNyD}}
TEV ]]ynwfw&m;awmf emcHcJhNyD}}
NJB ]]oifh0w&m;rsm; aus>yefcJhNyD}}
*&dtrsm;oHk;Bud,m (pleroo)

udktrsdK;rsdK;bmomjyefEdkifonf/ if;onfPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE

jzpfNyD; ]]jynfhpHkcJhNyDjzpf qufvufjynfhpHkonf}} [k bmomjyefqdkEdkifonf/ Robert Hann a&;om;aom
Grammatical Aid to Greek New Testament pmtkyf A.T Robertson udkudk;um;NyD; if;udk "gnomic perfect"
[kac:onf/
qdkvdkonfrSm
"avhxHk;pHqdkif&m
ormw&m;wpfcktm;
&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfNyD;?
xdkpmvufcHolrsm;aumif;pGm em;vnfoabmaygufaom toHk;tEIef;rsdK;jzpfonf/ if;a0g[m&udk *vmwd 5;14/
6;2 wdkYjyefawGY&onf/
13;9 "ropfusrf;,HkMunfolrsm;tm; EId;aqmfay;&ef arma&S\ ynwdusrf;udk aygvkoHk;aeusjzpfonf/ (xGuf
20;13-17 odkYr[kwf w&m;a[m 5;17-21 ESifh 0wfjyK 19;18)/ {zuf 6;2-3vnf; c&pf,mefrsm; EId;aqmf&ef
ynwfawmfq,fyg;teuf wpfrsdK;oHk;onf/ (1wd1;9-10)/ "ra[mif;usrf;csufrSm u,fwifjcif;twGuf
r[kwfaomfvnf; vlom;rsm;onf bk&m;ocifESifh tcsif;csif; tm;rnfodkYqufqH& rnftaMumif; bk&m;ocif\
tvdkawmfudk qufvufzGifhjyaeqJjzpfonf (a&mr 15;4/ 1aum 10;6?11)/ "ra[mif;usrf;tm;
udk;um;jcif;onf a&mrtoif;awmfxJ *sL;ESifhwyg;trsdK;rsm;ESpfrsdK;pvHk; aygvkqufpyf ajymae[ef&Sdonf/
387

]]jynfhpHkjcif;}} qdkaom a0g[m&onfvnf; ynwfawmftaMumif; rJ5;17 a,IaqG;aEG;yHkESifh wpfrsdK;

wpfpm;wnf; jzpfonf/
&nfnTef;csufonf a,bk,synwfw&m;oabm? vlrIa&;Oya'orsm; jzpfNyD;? arma&S\ ynwdusrf;
[kwfyHkray:acs/ (JB) okdYaomf ti,f 9 aygvkonf "ra[mif;usrf;tm; udk;um;yHkudk axmufvQif arma&S\
ynwdusrf;udk &nfnTef;aMumif;jyonf/ vlom;\ pnf;urf;Oya' vdkufemrIr[kwfbJ? cspfjcif;arwm uomvQif
ynwfw&m;awmfNyD;jynfhpHkaponf/ atmufygtxl;taMumif;rsm;Munfhyg/
0wfjyK&musrf; 19;18 udk t"dyg,fESpfrsdK;jzifhoHk;onf/
1/ a,Ionf if;udk shema pum;ESifhtwl pum;quftjzpf oHk;um (w&m;a[m 6;4-6) ynwfawmfwpf
ckvHk;tusOf;csKyfvdkufonf/ (rJ 22;37-40/ rmuk 12;29-31/ vkum 10;27)
2/ aygvktwGufrl if;onf ynwfawmfq,fyg;\ 'kwd,tydkif;tm; tusOf;csKyfjcif;jzpfum
(y#dOmOfw&m;ESifh qdkifaom olrsm;tcsif;csif; qufqHa&;(*v 5;14) rJ 7;12 ESifhvkum 6;31
ua,I\ rSwfcsufcsyHkrsdK;vdkufonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / arma&S\ ynwfawmftm; aygvkIjrifyHk

if;rSm bk&m;ocifxHrS jzpf aumif;jrwfonf (a&mr 7;12-16)
u/ if;rSm ajzmifhrwfjcif;twGufESifh bk&m;ocif\ vufcHrI&Sd&efr[kwfacs/ (tr*Fvmwpf&yfyifjzpf Edkifonf/
*vwd3)
c/ if;rSm bk&m;ocifrdrdudk,frdrd zGifhjyjcif;jzpfojzifh ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmf jzpfaeyg
ao;onf/ (aygvkonf tjypfudk azmfjy&ef odkYr[kwf ,HkMunfolrsm;udk tm;ay;&ef "ra[mif;usrf;udk
udk;um;avh&Sdonf/)
*/ "ra[mif;usrf;onf ,HkMunfolrsm;udk pum;ajymonf/ (a&mr 4;23?24? 15;4/ 1aum 10;6?11)/ odkYaomf
"ra[mif;usrf;tm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;r&acs/ (wref 15? a&mr 4? *vmwd 3? a[NAJMo0g'pm)
C/ y#dOmOfw&m;opf if;\ tvkyfvkyfyHkrSm1/ tjypf&SdaMumif;jyonf/ (*vm 3;15-29)
2/ a&G;EIwfjcif;&&Sdolrsm;udk vlYtzGJYtpnf;twGif;vrf;jyonf/
3/ c&pf,mefrsm;\ udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;twGuf vrf;jyonf/
arma&S\ ynwfawmfusrf;tay: aygvk\ tjrifudk em;vnf&ef BudK;pm;jcif;rSm usdefqJjcif;ESifh
usdefqJjcif;qdkif&m "roabmw&m;\ aemufqufwGJtaMumif;pHkESifh if;udk jzwfausmf aumif;BuD;r*Fvm
ESifhtNrJxm0&qDodkY jzwful;oGm;jcif; jzpfonf/ James Stewart onfol\pmtkyf A Man in Christ pmtkyfxJ
aygvk\ qefYusifbufjzpfae[ef&Sdaom awG;ac:yHkESifh ta&;tom;udk odkYazmfjyonf/
]]tawG;tac: ajrmfjrifrIpepfESifh Mo0g'wpf&yftm; rdrdudk,fwdkifwnfaxmifolwpfOD;onf rdrd oHk;aom
a0g[m&rsm;\ t"dyg,fudk wduspGm owfrSwfvdrfhrnf[k obm0tm;jzifh arQmfvifhMurnfom jzpfonf/ olonf
rdrd\t"dutBuHtpnfrsm; qdkif&mpum;vHk;toHk;tEIef;rsm;udk wdusEdkiforQ wdusap&ef &nf&G,fvdrfhrnf[k
arQmfvifhMurnfomjzpfonf/ oD;jcm;t"dyg,fwpfrsdK;twGuf wpfcgoHk;cJhNyD;aom pum;vHk;wpfvHk;tm;
wa&SmufvHk; xdkt"dyg,fjzifhyif oHk;&efjzpfonf[k qdkMurnfomjzpfonf/ odkYaomf aygvkrl xdkodkYr[kwfaMumif;
pdwfysufbG,f&m awGY&Sd&onf/ olYtoHk;tEIef;trsm;tjym;rSm wnfNidrfwdusrI r&Sdacs/ ]]ynwfw&m;onf
oefY&Sif;\/...igonftwGif;vltm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ ynwfw&m;awmfudk ESpfouf\}} [l (a&mr 7;12-22)
a&;om;cJhaomfvnf; if;rSm ynwfw&m;awmf\ tjcm;rsufESmpmwpfzuf omvQifjzpfum? tjcm;wpfae&mwGif
oluyif ]]c&pfawmfonf igwdkYtm; ynwfw&m;awmf\ usdefqJjcif;rS a&G;EIwfawmfrlcJhonf}} qdkjyefacsonf/
(*v 3;13) (p. 26)
388

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / xGufajrmuf&m 20\rSwfpk/

xGufajrmuf&m 20;13 vlowfjcif;
1/ usrf;pum;tquftpyf

u/ vlrIa&;ESifh qdkifoa,mifjzpfaom ynwfcsufrsm;onfyifvQif trSefpifppf bmoma&;jzpfaMumif;

owd&&efvdkonf/ zefqif;aom t&mrsm;ESifh a&G;EIwfjcif;tay: bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftjcm tmPmudk
ynwfcsufrsm;onf t&dyfxdk;vdkuf&Sd\/ vl\ toufudk roef& [laom ynwfcsufudk aumif;rGefpGm
pl;pdkufonfhtcg vlom;tm;vkH;txJ &Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftaMumif;? vlom;\toufudk
bk&m;ocif *&kpdkufum aMumifhMupdk;&drfaMumif; jyonf/
c/ ynwfcsufwckpDonf ,kHMunfjcif; vlYtodkif;t0dkif;tm; ay:vGifapaMumif; owd&&efvdkonf/
vlwa,muf\ toufudk w&m;Oya'ESifhrnDaom ykHpHjzifh okwfoify,f&Sif;jcif;onf rlvtm;jzifh
,kHMunfol vlYtodkif;t0dkif;ESifhqdkif ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ if;\ tusKd;oufa&mufrIrSm vlom;wdkif;ESifh
oufqdkifonf!

2/ ay:vGifxif&Sm;aom pum;vkH;rsm; avhvmjcif;

u/ vlowfjcif;
1/ if;rSm vlwa,muf\ toufudk EIwf,ljcif;twGuf okH;aom &Sm;yg;onfh a0g[m& (rasah) jzpfjyD;
"ra[mif;usrf; 46MudrfomokH;onf/ ydk tokH;rsm;aom tjcm; a0g[m&ESpf&SdrsKd;&Sdonf/
(u) Harag 165 Mudrf
(c) Hemit 201 Mudrf
2/ a0g[m& rasah rl&if;tm;jzifh uefYowfaom t"dyg,fESifh tus,fjyefYaom t"dyg,f&SdESifh wlonf/
(u) rl&if;tm;jzifh if;onf w&m;Oya' qdkif&mwGif y#dnmOf w&m;jyKazmfwzufom;\ touftm;
EIwf,ljcif;ESifh pyfqdkifonf/ if; MuHpnfrIoabmyg ]]aopm;aoapaom aqGrsKd;&if; ((goel) ESihf
oufqdkifavh&Sdonf/
a0g[m&
MuHpnfjcif;oabmyaomfvnf;
wenf;tm;jzifh
w&m;0ifvufpm;acsjcif; oabmjzpfonf/ (awmvnf 35;30-34? 0wfjyK 24;13-23)
trSefpifppfrsufvkH;twGuf rsufvkH; Lex Talionis (urm 9;5-6) rSm uefYowfxm;aom
vufpm;acsjcif;jzpfonf/ aemufydkif;wGif y#dnOfcHESifh oufqdkifaom (tpa&;vlrsKd;) vlwa,mufonf
rdrdtodkif;t0dkif;xJu tjcm;olwa,muftm; rawmfwqjzpfap? wrifoufoufjzpfapowfygu
towfcH&ol rdom;pk\ trsufa'gorS xGufajy;Edkif&ef cdkvIH&mjrdKUrsm;udk wnfaxmifvmcJhMuonf/
(w&m; 4;41? a,m 20;3)/
c/ aemufydkif;wGif xdka0g[m&rSm toufowfjcif;\ aemufuG,fu taMumif;&if; (0g) pdwfae
oabmxm;udk nTef;jcif;jzpfvmonf/ ]]&nf&G,fcsufjzifh}} [laom oabmrSm tjrifhrm;qkH;jypfrI
jzpfvmonf (xGuf 21;12-14/ awmvnf 35;11?12/ w&m;a[m 28;24)/
389

*/ ynwfcsufwGif uJGjym;jcm;em;rI tvGefay:vGifvmonf/ usrf;pum; tquftpyft& if;rSm

y#dnOfcH vlYtodkif;t0dkif;twGif; &Sdtjcm;olrsm;udk om&nfnTef;onfESifhwlonf/ if;onf
a&G;EIwfykdifcGifh&Sdol eD;pyfaom trsdK; (odkY) pm;aoapvufpm;acs oludk ajymonf/ odkYaomf
aemufydkif;wGif xdka0g[m&udk ynwfawmfq,fyg;tm; xif[yf vlYtoufowfaom oltm;
&nfnTef;um a[ma&S 4;2ESifh a,&rd 7;9 wdkY okH;onf/ pum;vkH;onf ynwfawmfudkomru?
taMumif;&if;udkyg
ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
if;onf
tdrfeD;csif;rS
vlom;tcsif;csif;odkY
wdk;csJU&nfnTef;oGm;onf/
3/ a0g[m&onf uRefawmfwdkY\ acwfopfumv ao'PfpD&ifjcif;ESifh ppfyJGrsm;udk ajymjcif;r[kwfacs/
*sL;wdkY vlYtodkif;t0dkif;qdkif&m ao'Pf (0g) oefY&Sif;aom ppfyJGudk jyem[k rjzpfcJhbl;Muacs/ (odkYr[kwf
if;udptwGuf roefY&Sif;aom ppfyJG[l r&Sdacs/)
4/ uRefawmfwdkY\ acwfopfumvtwGuf taumif;qkH; bmomjyefcsufrSm ]]MudKwifMuH&G,faom vlowfrI}} [l
jzpfayvdrfhrnf/

3/ usrf;pum;tquftpyfjzifh em;vnf&jcif;

u/ qXr? owrESifh tXr ynwfcsufrsm;udk a[jAJpum;vkH;ESpfvkH;pDjzifhom a&;om;onf/ if;wdkYrSm tvGef

wdkawmif;xdrdonf/
c/ tjcm;toufrsm;enf;wl touf[lonf bk&m;ocifESifh oufqdkifonf/ tjcm;olrsm;ay: rdrdwdkY\
jyKrIykHonf bk&m;ociftaMumif; rdrdwdkY tawG;tjrifudk xif[yfay:vGifaponf/

4/ "ropfusrf;&Sd tvm;wlusrf;jydKifrsm;

u/ a,I
1/ ynwfcsufudk oltus,fcsJUvdkufjcif;onf (rJ 5;21-26) usrf;ydk'f ,aeY uRefawmfwdkY
acwfopfumv rnfodkY tokH;jyK&rnfudk aqG;aEG;&m toifhawmfqkH;jyifqifrIay;onf/
2/ a,Ionf ynwfawmf q,fyg;tm; jyKrIjcif; oabmrS jyKrl&if; taMumif;&if;odkY odomay:vGifpGm
ajymif;vdkufonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY awG;onfhtwdkif;jzpfMuonf/ ]]vlonf rdrd pdwfESvkH;xJ
awG;onfhtwdkif; rdrdjzpf\/}} pOf;pm;jcif; toufwmonf rdrdwdkY cH,lonfxuf ydkrdkoufqdkifrI&Sdum?
ydkrdkt"dyg,f&Sdonf/
c/ a,m[ef
1/ 1a,m 3;15 oabmESifhyif rkef;wD;jcif;tm; vlowfrItjzpf azmfjyonf/
2/ r5;21ESifh 1a,m 3;15 wdkY okH;aom *&da0g[m&wdkYrSm uJGjym;jcm;em;aomfvnf;? qdkvdk&if;rSmrl
toufwrQ wlnDaeonf/
3/ 1a,m 4;19-21 rSm tjyKoabmtjrifjzpfaMumif; rSwfom;yg/

5/ vufawGUusifhokH;jcif; ormw&m;rsm;

u/ r&nf&G,faom vlowform;onf toufudk vufpm;acsol\ &efrS vGwfajrmufap&ef cdkvIH&mjrdKU

wpfjrdKUtm; cdkvIHcGifh&aomfvnf; (awmvnf 35/ a,mI 20) xdktcsdefu ,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;
390

uG,fvGefonftxd xdkjrdKUxJ tcsKyfcsxm;jcif; 'Pfudkrl cH&onf/ olYtjyKtrI\ aemufqufwJGrsm;udkyif ol

qufvufcH&onf/
c/ usrf;csufonf rdrdudk,frdrd tqkH;pD&ifjcif;tm; wdkufdkufrajymaomfvnf;? a&S;acwfvlrsm;onf xdudptm;
awG;rdcJhMuonfr[kwfojzifh vlYtouftm; tav;tjrwfxm;jcif;qdkif&m ed,rw&m; wpf&yfESifh
bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsmtmPmtjyif rdrdo@mefawmftwdkif; zefqif;aom vlUtouftwGuf
bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufwdkYudkyg azmfjyonf/ usrf;csufonf u@taMumif;tm; ,aeY uRefawmfwdkY
acwfumvtwGuf jyif;xefpGm pumajymaeonf/
*/ usrf;csufonf rnfodkYjzpfap ,aeYacwfumv\ ar;cGef;rsm;udkrl tqkH;tjzwfay;aom tajzray;acs/ (1)
ao'Pfay;jcif; odkYr[kwf (2) ppfyJGrsm; udp ESprf sdK;vHk;wGif tpa&;vlrsKd;onf yg0ifywfoufonf/
bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftwdkif;ESifh ol\ xdef;csKyfrIatmuf zefqif;aom vlYtouf\ t"dyg,fqdkif&m
ed,ronf u@ ta&;MuD; udpjzpffaeayao;onf/
C/ usrf;csufonf vlYtouf\ *kPfodumESifh av;jrwfrItaMumif;vkdtyfaom pum;wcGef;ajymonf/
uRefawmfwdkY ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ tjyKtrl omru rdrdwdkY vlYtodkif;t0dkif;ESifh qdkifvnf;
b@mpdk;rsm;jzpfMuonf/
vufaqmifjzpfaom
toufonf
wpfOD;csif;ESifh
wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;vnf;jzpfonf/
uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY udk,fwdkif\ udk,fcEm? vlrIa&;ESifh pdwfydkif;qdkif&mwdkudk tvTJokH;pmjyKjcif;twGuf
wm0ef&SdMu&kHrubJ? rdrdwdkY vlYtodkif;t0dkif;\ &kyfydkif;qdkif&m? vlrIa&;ESifh pdwfydkif;qdkif&mwdkYudkyg
tvTJokH;pm;jyKMujcif;twGuf wm0ef&SdMuonf/ txl;ojzifh rdrdwdkY\ vlaerI pepftwGif; ajymcGifhqdkcGifh&um?
if;tm;jyKjyif cGifh&&SdMuaom vGwfvyfonfh uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf txl;ojzifh rSefuefonf[k qdk&ayrnf/
uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ nDtpfudkrsm;udk xdef;ausmif;&aom olrsm;jzpfonf/

xGufajrmuf&m 20;14/ olwyg;r,m;tm;jypfrSm;jcif;

1/ usrf;pum; tquftpyf

u/ if;rSm bk&m;ocifudk cefYnm;aomtm;jzifh rdrdtdrfeD;csif;\ touf? r,m;ESifh ypnf;Opmrsm;tm;

av;pm;jcif;qdkif&mynwfcsufjzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;onf (a,& 5;8)/ *&d"ra[mif; Septuagint rI
ynwfcsufrsm;tm; wpfrsKd;wpfzkHpDpOfum rSefuefaMumif; ay:vGifaponf/
c/ w&m;a[m&musrf;\ tvm;wl usrf;ydk'fonf a&S;a[mif; ormw&m;tm; rdrdwdkY\ acwfumv
,Ofaus;rI xkH;wrf;"avhtwGuf tokH;jyKjcif;\ oifhavsmf rSefuefykHudk jyoonf/
*/ rdbrsm;udk &dkaoav;pm;jcif;onf vlYtzJGUtpnf;wpfcw
k nfjidrf&ef aomhcsufjzpfaMumif; jrifMuonf enf;wl?
ynwfcsufonfvnf; if;udkyif qdkvdkonf/
C/ rdrdwdkY\ vdifrIudprsm;ESifh rdom;pk toufwmwdkYudk ydkifqdkifolESifh xdef;csKyfolrSm bk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif;
azmfjyonf/
i/ ynwfcsuf eHygwf 4onf urmOD; 2;1-3udk tajcjyKonf enf;wl ynwfcsufonf urmOD; 2;24 udk
tajcjyKykH &ygonf/

2/ pum;vkH; avhvmrI
u/ usrf;ydk'f\ t"du a0g[m&rSm ]]olwyg;r,m;tm; jypfrSm;jcif;}}
a&S;a[mif;a[jAJ "avhxkH;pH aemufcHjzifh em;vnf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/
391

adultery

jzpfonf/ a0g[m&udk

1/ if;rSm "ra[mif;usrf;\ ]]rw&m;aom arxkefjyKjcif;}} fornification ESifh uJGjym;aom adultery ac:

]]olwyg;r,mtm; jypfrSm;jcif;}} qdk&m wzufvlrSm tdrfaxmifonf b0jzifh vdifrIqdkif&m qufqHrI&Sd
oljzpfonf/ a0g[m&jzpfonf fornification" rw&m;aom arxkefjyKjcif; [k qdk&m rIESpfzufpvkH;
vlvGwfrsm;jzpfonf (okwH 29;3/ 31;3)/ uJGjym;jcm;em;rIrSm "ropf\ *&dpum; aysmufuG,f
aeonf/
2/ vufxyfxdef;jrm;jcif; udp taMumif;udk tav;teufjyK&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;wpf&yfrSm if;onf
]]uwdawmfajr}} tm; ydkifqdkifjcif; tcGifhta&;ESifh oufqdkifaejcif;aMumifh jzpfEdkifonf/ ajr,mydkifqdkifrIudk
ESpfaygif; 50 jynfhwdkif; (a&T&wkobifusif;ywdkif;) rlvydkifqdkif olrsm;odkY jyefajymif;ay;avH&Sdonf/
3/ olwyg; r,m;ESifh jypfrSm;jcif;udk arma&S\ w&m;Oya' rjyXgef;rDuyif ,Ofaus;rI xkH;wrf;pOfvm ta&
jypfwifIwfcsonf/ (urm 12;10/ 26;7/ 39;9)/
4/ olwyg; r,m;tm; jypfrSm;jcif;onf
(u) tdrfeD;csif;udk qefYusifaom tjypf[k Ijrifonf xGuf20;14/ w&m;a[m 5;18
(c) xdrf;jrm;vufxyfjcif;udk qefusifaom tjypf[k Ijrifonf 0wfjyK 18;20
(*) bk&m;ocifudk qefusifbufjyKjcif;tjzpf &Ijrifonf/ urm 20;1-13/ 26;7-11
5/ ESpfzufpvkH;udk ao'Pfay;Edkifonf/
(u) 0wfjyK 20;10
(c) w&m;a[m 22;22-24
(*) a,Z 16;40 (wifpm;jcif;)
(C) okwHusrf; 1-9 twGif; Muyfwnf;aom owday;rIrsm;&Sdonf/

3/ "ropfusrf;ESifh qufpyfrI

u/ a,Ionf zGifhjyawmfrljcif; ta[mif;\ tusOf;csKyftjzpf (vkum 10;27) 0wfjyK 19;18 udk okH;onf/
ynwfawmf q,fyg;rSm tjcm;olrsm; ay: rdrdwdkY\ jyKrIqufqHjcif;ESifh oufqdkifaMumif; tcsufonf
twnfjzpfaponf/
c/ a,Ionf rJ 5;28 ynwfcsufrsm;udk jyif;xefaponf/ olonf tjyKtrlrsm;xuf jyKrlapaom
taMumif;&if;udk tav;teufxm;onf/ *sL;vlrsKd;onf vl\ pdwfudk vlY0dnmOf\ wnfae&mtjzpf
IjrifMuonf/ vlwpfa,muf awG;aomt&monf xdkvl\ tppftrSefjzpfonf/ (okwH 23;7)/ if;onf
pum; q,fcGef;rSm apmifhxdef;&ef rjzpfEdkifaomt&meD;yg; jzpfoGm;aponf/ t&monfyif if;\
&nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf (*v 2;15-3;29)/

4/. acwfopf umv tokH;jyKjcif;

u/ xdef;jrm;vufxyfjcif;rSm bk&m;ocif\ emrawmf wpfoufwmvkH; ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh qufuyfrI\

taumif;qkH;aom acwfopf t"dyg,f wlpum;vkH;jzpfonffESifh wlonf/ if;rSm "ra[mif;\ y#dOmOfjyKjcif;
qdkif&m oabm\ ppfrSefrItm; taumif;qkH; em;vnf oabmaygufEdkif&ef tcGifhaumif; wpf&yfjzpfonf/
(rmvcd 2;14)/ rdrdMuifbuftm; vdifrIqdkif&m tygt0if u@&yftm;vkH; &dkaoav;pm;jcif;onf
usrf;csuf\ t"du tcsufudk em;vnfoabmaygufEdkif&ef yHhydk;onf/
c/ xdef;jrm;vufxyfjcif; wnfwHhcdkifjrJjcif;ESifh op&Sdjcif;onf rdbwdkYtm; dkaoav;pm;jcif; enf;wl
vlYtzJGUtpnf;\ cGeftm;ESifh Mum&SnfwnfwhHa&;twGuf t"duwdkifvkH;MuD;rsm; jzpfonf/
*/ vl\ vdifpdwfudk bk&m;ocifay;aom vufaqmiftjzpf tav;teufxm;&ef vdktyfonf/ if;rSm
vlom;twGuf tMuHtpnfawmfESifh tvdkawmf jzpfonf/ vrf;nTefrIrsm;rSm vl\ vGwfvyfrIESifh 0rf;ajrmufrI
tm; csKd;ESdrf&ef r[kwfbJ? usqif;aom vlom;twGuf bk&m;w&m;ESifh nDnTwfap&efjzpfonf/
392

uefYowfrIrsm;rSm uREkfyfwdkY\ a&&SnftusKd;ESifh 0rf;ajrmufrItwGuf jzpfonf/ vlonf bk&m;ocifay;aom

vufaqmiftm;vkH; enf;wl vdifrIudpudkvnf; tvTJokH;pm; jyKaomvnf;? if;rSm bk&m;ocif\
xdef;csKyfrIESifh vrf;nTefrIatmuf &Sdaernfh vlom;twGif; pGrf;tm;MuD;aumif;ESiftm; wpf&yfqufvuf
jzpfaeygao;onf/
C/ vl\ yk*dKvf (tr jzpfaptxD;jzpfap) onf bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftwdkif; zefqif;jcif;jzpfaomaMumifh
if;\ vQKdU0Sufcsuftm; &dkaoav;pm;jcif;jzifh vdifrIudpudk apmifhxdef;&ygrnf/ ]]ig}} qdkonfh twudk
A[kdjyKaom usqif;onfh rdrdwdkY tm&kHjyKrIonf u@ vGefpGm ay:vGifonf/

xGufajrmuf&m/ 20;15 cdk;0Sufjcif;

1/ a,bk,soabm

u/ ynwfawmf q,fyg;xJu tjcm; ynwfcsufrsm; enf;wl uRefawmfwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;ESifh

bk&m;ociftm; &dkaoav;jrwfjcif;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ avmuD? avmukw&m aeYpOftoufwmrsm;
awGUjrifae&ygrnf/ bk&m;ocifudk oduRrf;ygonfh[k a<u;aMumf&if; rdrdESifh y#dOmOf cHazmfcHzuf wpfOD;tm;
rSm;,Gif;jcif;rSm bk&m;ociftwGuf &GH&SmbG,f&m jzpfonf/ (1a,m 4;20-21/ 2;7-11)
c/ ynwfcsufrSm y#dnOfcH vlYtodkif;t0dkif;twGif; rdwfo[m,tm; qufvufwnfwHhap&ef yHhydk;a&;
jzpfonf/ 0dnmOfa&;&m rdwfo[m,\ t&nftaoG;onf IyfaxG;aeum? pl;prf;&SmazGaeaom
urmtm; uRefawmfwdkY\ bk&m;ocifxHawmfodkY qJGaqmifrnfjzpfum? if;onf yif orm usrf;pm\
&nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf/
*/ tjcm;ynwfcsufrsm;onf touf[lorQ ydkifqdkifolrSm bk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif; tmkHjyKonf enf;wl
ynwfcsufonfvnf; tvm;wl jyKonf/ uRefawmfwdkYrSm ydkif&Sifr[kwfbJ? b@mxdef;rsm;jzpfonf/
wefbkd;ray;&bJ? ydkifqdkifvkdaom rdrdwdkY\ usqif;rSm;,Gif;aom armif;ESiftm;onf wm;jrpfcsuf\
jyifywGif &Sdonf/ (qmvH 50;10-12)

2/ pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pk avhvmrI

u/ if;rSm ynwfawmf q,fyg;\ 'kwd, tydkif;wGif 'kwd,ajrmuf ynwfcsufjzpfjyD;? a[jAJvdk pum;vkH;

ESpfvkH;rQomjzpfonf/
c/ wm;jrpfcsuf\ &nfpl;&mudk rzmfjyacs/ if;tm; yHhydk;aomtcsufrsm;rSm
1/ if;rwdkifrD ynwfcsufESpfckwdkYonf jypf'PfuscHapaom ynwfcsufrsm; jzpfonf/
2/ tvm;wl usrf;ydk'frsm;udk teD;uyf (xGuf 21;16) jzpfap? tvSrf;a0;&m jzpfap (w&m;apm 24;7)
awGY&onf/ urmOD; 37vnf; Munfhyg/
*/ if;onf rnfrQyifwdkY awmif;apumrl cHcHumuG,frIay;aom tcsufrsm;&Sdonf/
1/ 0dnmOfawmf rIwfoGif;jcif;tm;jzifh rSwfwrf;wifjcif; jzpfonf/
2/ if;onf wm;jrpfjcif; ynwf\ jrifuGif;udk us,fjyefYaponf/
3/ cdk;jcif;qdkif&m eD;uyfaom tvm;wl usrf;ydk'fvnf; &Sdonf/ xGufajrmuf 22;1/
4/ a,Ionf cdk;jcif;taMumif; &nfnTef;&ef usrf;csufudk ay:vGifpGm udk;um;onf/ (rJ 19;18)/
C/ tjcm;a&S;a[mif; Oya'usrf;rsm;yg cdk;0Sufjcif;udk azmfjyaomfvnf; jypf'PfrSm ao'Pf? ajc? vuf?
t*Fgrsm; jzwfypfjcif; odkYr[kwf tqaygif; 30avsmfaMu;ay;jcif;ponfwdkY jzpf\/
393

i/ ormw&m;udk t"dyg,fzGifhqdk &Sif;vif;aom? t"dyg,fay:vSonfh tvm;wl usrf;ydk'ftcsKdU&Sdonf/

1/ 0wfjyK 19;1-18 ]]oifwdkY\ bk&m;ocif igxm0&bk&m; oefY&Sif;ojzifh oifwdkYvnf; oefY&Sif;jcif;
&SdMuavmh}}
(u) uREkfyfwdkY\ touf&Sifjcif; ykHpHonf uRefawmfwdkY zcrnf;awmfESifh uRefawmfwdkY bk&m;ocif\
rdom;pk MuiftifvuPmrsm; xif[yfay:vGifaeap&ygrnf/ (i,f 18)
(c) uRefawmfwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif;onf rdrdwdkY\ aeYpOf toufwmtm; jyK&rnfh tjyKtrlrsm;jzifhjzpfap?
wm;jrpfcsufrsm;jzifh jzpfap tusKd;oufa&monfhjyif rSefuefaom t&if;cHtaMumif;rsm;jzifh
jyKjcif;jzpf&ygrnf/ (i,f 17)
(*) 0dkif;y,fcHolrsm;ESifh r&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;tm; oem;Muifemjcif;onf rdrdtdrfeD;csif;rsm;tm;
rw&m;vk,ljcif; rjyK&jcif; enf;wl t"dyg,f&Sdonf/ i,f 11
2/ tmrkwf 8;4? 7 bk&m;ocifonf rw&m;&,ljcif;udk rkef;wD;onf/
3/ rdum 6;6-8 rdrdwdkY jyKrIorQ rSefueffap&ef bk&m;ocif tvdkawmf&Sdonf/ tb,hfaMumifh cdk;,lhjcif;
rjyKMuoenf;/
4/ xGufajrmuf 22;1/ rw&m;vk,ljcif; taMumif;udkifwG,f&mwGif ,aeYacwfopf vdktyfaom
ormw&m;rSm jyefvnfay;avsmfjcif; jzpfonf/ tjypf[lorQ wefbkd;MuD;av;onf/

3/ vufawGY usifhokH;jcif; ormw&m;rsm;

u/

\ ZeD;? Davidman onf ynwfawmf q,fyg;taMumif; zwfcsifhpzG,f pmtkyfwpftkyf

a&;onf/ olronf ynwfcsufudk bmomjyef&m ]]wpkHw&mtm; tvum;&&Sd&ef rMudK;pm;&}}
[kqdkonf/ if;onf jrifuGif;tm; ydkifqdkifjcif;udk ausmfvGef qJGqefYvdkufonf/ xdkYjyif olrajymonfrSm
]]ydkifqdkifrIonf tjypfr[kwfonfenf;wl? rjzpfrae tcGifhta&;vnf; r[kwfacs/ odkYaomf bk&m;ocifxHrS
,kHMunfpGm iSg;&rf;xm;aom t&mjzpfonf/}} [k qdkonf/
c/ usqif;aom vlYESvkH;om;\ tjcm;tjypfrsm; enf;wl cdk;0Sufjcif;udk topfaom pdwfESvkH;ESifh ajz&Sif;onf/
vla[mif; obm0jzpfaom ]]&,ljcif;}} onf vlopfb0 ]]a0iS}} jcif;tjzpfaMumif;vJoGm;ykHrSm thHMobG,f&m
jzpfonf/
*/ bk&m;ocifudk rdrdwdkY dkaoav;jrwfaMumif;tm; rdrdwdkY\ y#dnOfcHabmfcHzuf tjcm;olrsm;tm;
dkaowwfjcif; &Sif;vif;pGm jrif&ygrnf/ ormw&m;onf ynwfawmf q,fyg;tm; vGrf;rdk;vsuf
&Sdonf/
C/ acwfopf vlom;onf enf;vrf;rsm;pGmjzifh cdk;0Sufonf/
C.S. Lewis

aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;
1/ acwfopf vlom;onf cdk;,ljcif;tm; rnfodkY usifhokH;oenf;
2/ jyefvnfay;avsmfjcif;onf tjypudk aemifw&jcif;ESifh rnfokdY qufpyfoenf;
3/ usrf;ydk'fonf ypnf;Opmydkifqdkifjcif; tay:t&Sif;&Sif 0g'\ tjrifESifh rnfokdY qufpyfoenf;

xGufajrmuf&m/ 20;17 remvdkjcif;

1/ ed'gef;

u/ aemufqkH; ynwfcsuf ig;ckwdkY\ qufpyfykHudk atmufygtwdkif IjrifEdkifonf/

394

1/ eHygwf 6?7 ESifh 8 wdkYonf y#dnOfcHabmfcHbuf wpfOD;tm; ajymifwif;aom tjyKtrlwpfckjzifh

emusifapjcif;udk wm;jrpfonf/
2/ eHygwf 9onf y#dnOfcHabmfcHbuf wpfOD;tm; tajymtqdktm;jzifh emusifapjcif;udk wm;jrpfonf/
3/ eHygwf10onf y#dnOfcHabmfcHbuf wpfOD;tm; pdwftm;jzifh emusifapjcif;udk wm;jrpfonf/
c/ trSefrSm remvdkjcif;onf remvdkjcif; cH&ol tdrfeD;jcif;udk rxdcdkufbJ? um,uH&Sifudk zsufpD;acsrIef;onf/
rnfodkYjzpfap pdwfxJawG;aomt&monf tjyKtrltjzpf qufvufoGm;rnfudk ynwfcsufonf
arQmfvifhaejcif; jzpfEkdifonf/
*/ ynwfcsufrSm a&S;a[mif; tpa&; Oya'usrf;om awGU&aom twkrJhtEdIif;rJh taMumif;t&mjzpfum?
ta&SUtv,fydkif; Oya'usrf;rsm; rawGU&Sd&[k Ijrifol trsm;tjym;&Sdonf/ topfaom t,ltqrSm
pOf;pm;jcif;rjyK&ef wm;jrpfcsufjzpfonf/ tawG;avmuonf 'kpdkuftjytrlwdkY\ rlvtpjzpfaMumif;
tpa&;wdkY od&SdaMumif;rSm trSefjzpfonf/ (okwH 23;7/ ,mukyf 1;14-15)/ odkYaomf usrf;ydk'frSm
tjyKtrludk jzpfay:apaom pdwful; tawG;ESifh oufqdkifonfESifh wlonf/ usrf;ydk'f tawmfrsm;rsm;onf
]]remvdkjcif;}} tm; jykrIjcif;jzpfay:apaom a0g[m& tjzpfokH;Muonf/ (w&m;a[m 7;25/ a,I 7;21/
rdum 2;2)
C/ tav;teufjyKaom t&mudk pm&if;\ yxrqkH;ESifh aemufqkH; jrif&jcif;rSm trSefjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifudkom
udk;uG,fjcif;onf
yxrjzpfaomfvnf;
avmut&mrsm;ay:
rdrdwdkY\
pdwfaeoabmxm;ESifh &nf&G,f&if;wdkYonf bk&m;ocif tay: rdrdwdkY\ ppfrSefaom oufuyfrIudk
azmfjyxif[yfaponf/ tav;teuf jyKrIESpfzuftm; a,I\ awmifay:a'oemawmfvnf; awGY&onf/
rJ 6;33 ]]EdkifiHawmfESifh ajzmifhrwfjcif; w&m;udk t&if&Smavmh/ odkYjyKvQif xdkt&mrsm;udk (19-32)
oifwdkYtm; xyf ay;awmfrlvwJh}}

2/ pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pk avhvmrI

u/ xGuf 20;17ESifh w&m;a[m 5;21 wdkYonf tajccHtm;jzifh wlnDaomfvnf; ay:vGifodomaom

uJGjymjcm;em;rI tcsKdU&Sdonf/
1/ ]]aetdrf}} qdkif&mydk us,fjyefYaom t,ltq (0g) a,musfm;wpfa,muf\ ydkifqdkifrItaMumif;
xGufajrmuf&m 20 azmfjy&mwGif ZeD;onf jzpfoludkyg xnhfoGif;aomfvnf; w&m;a[m&m 5
rlOD;pm;ay;jcif; oabm tvm;oD;oefY ae&m azmfjyonf/
2/ xGufajrmuf&m 20 &Sda[jAJ a0g[m& ]]remvdk}} \ t"dyg,frSm ]]&&Sdvdkonf}} [l jzpfaomfvnf;
w&m;a[m&m 5&Sd 'kwd,pum;vkH;url ]]remvdk}} enf;wl ]]tvdk&Sdonf}} [l jzpf\ ]]remvdk}} [k qdk&m
tvdk&Sdaom t&m&&Sd&ef tjyKtrlESifh qufpyfaom pdwfqEudk azmfjyjcif;jzpfaomfvnf; ]]tvdk&Sdonf}}
(desire) url pdwfaeoabmxm; wpfckwnf;vdkomvQif pl;pdkufonf/
3/ tpa&; vlrsKd;rsm; oJuEm&xJ vSnfhvnfoGm;vmcJhpOf a&;om;aom xGufajrmuf&m 20 ydkifqdkifaom
ypnf;Opmpm&if;rsm;wGif ]]v,f,m}} razmfjyaomfvnf; xGufajrmuf&m 5 uwdawmfjynf
tajccsaexdkifaom vlYtzJGUtpnf;twGuf tvm;wl ynwfcsufrsm; csxm;onf/
c/ ]]remvdk}} [laom pum;vkH;rSm Mum;aejzpfum? aumif;aomt&mrsm;udk tvdk&Sdjcif;udkvnf; &nfnTef;Edkifonf/
(qmvH 9;10? 1aum 12;31)/
*/ rrSefaomtvdk&Sdjcif;rSm pmwef?tm'H? {0ESifh uRefawmfwdkYtm;vkH;usqif;&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;jzpfonf/
aygvkonf rdrdudk,fwdkifrSm remvdkjcif; (tm;usjcif;) ESifh &kef;uef&oljzpfaMumif; a&mr 7;7? 8
txl;wvnf azmfjyxm;onf/ remvdkjcif; (tm;usjcif;) onf bk&m;ocif\ apmifha&Smuf
axmufrjcif;tay: rwif;wdrfjcif;ESifh udk;pm;rIr&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/
C/ "ropf remvdkjcif;taMumif;usrf;ydk'f tawmfrsm;rsm; yg&Sdonf/
395

1/ vlom;\ jyemrSm a&mifh&JU wif;wdrfrIr&Sdjcif;ESifh avmbMuD;jcif;jzpfonf/ (vkum 12;15? 1wd 6;810)

2/ npfnrf;apaomtjypfrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpk&m a,Ionf remvdkjcif;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;onf/ (rmuk
7;17? 23? 1aum 5;10? {zuf 5;5? aumavm 3;5)/

3/ ormw&m;rsm;udk vufawGUusifhokH;jcif;

u/ wyfrufaom avmbESifh a&mifh&JUwif;wdrfrIr&Sdjcif;twGuf tajzrSm

1/ cspfjcif;arw a&mr 13;8-10
2/ a&mif&JU wif;wdrfjcif; a[jAJ 13;5 zd 4;11-13 (ESifh a0rQjcif;) zd 4;14)
c/ ynwfw&m;awmfonf ]]&yfwefYvdkuf}} [l ajymaomfvnf; &yfwefY&ef pGrf;tm;udk c&pfawmfuomvQif
ay;ygonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ tawG; avmuudk ocifbk&m;txJ wpfckaom twdkif;twmxd
xdef;csKyfEdkifpGrf;&Sdygonf/
*/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkY\ pdwfESvkH;udk od&Sdxm;ygonf/
1/ 1&mZ0if 28;9
2/ okwH 20;27
3/ qmvH 139;1?23
4/ a,Z 17;10?
5/ a&mr 8;27
6/ Asm'dwf 2;23
C/ t&m0wKrsm;rSm qdk;oGrf;onf r[kwfaomfvnf; if;wdkYudk OD;pm;ay;aomtcg tjypfjzpfvmonf/
t&m0wKwdkYrSm tqkH;pGefodkYr[kwf xm0&r[kwfbJ bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfESifh zefqif;xm;aom
vluomvQif xm0&jzpfonf/ remvdkjcif;onf y#dnOfcH vlYtzJGUtpnf;tm; taumufMuH zsufqD;aom
enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh jyKrlaqmif&Gufaponf/

aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;
1/ remvdkjcif; [lonf tb,fenf;/
2/ acwfopfvlom;rsm;onf rnfuJhodkY remvdkMuoenf;/
3/ uREfkyfwdkY tawG;rsm;rSm tjypf[kwfygovm;/
4/ c&pf,mef toufwm axG;awmjcif;onf tb,fhaMumifh ta&;MuD;oenf;/
5/ xufajrmuf 20;17 &Sd ynwfcsufonf w&m;a[m&m 5;21 xJu tvm;wl ynwfcsufESifh tb,faMumifh
uJGjym;jcm;em;oenf;/
]]taMumif;rSm}} if;onf ynwfawmf 10yg;udk &nfnTef;onf/ ynwfawmf 10yg;\ 'kwd,w0uf

pDpOfyHkonf *&dvufa&;usrf; Vaticanus ac: B vdkvdkufonf/ if;onf a[jAJ"ra[mif;usrf;\ (Masoretic)

xGufajrmuf&m 20ESifh w&m;a[m&m 5 wkdYESifh tenf;i,f uJGjym;onf/ ynwfawmf 10yg;\ 'kwd,w0ufonf
(YHWH) ESifh tpa&;wdkY\ qufqHa&; tay: tajccHaom wOD;csif;\ qufqHa&;taMumif; jzpfonf/
]]ynwfcsuf&SdorQ tm;vkH;}} if;rSm yxrwef;pm; cRif;csufyg 0gusrsKd;jzpfum pma&;oltjrif rSefonf[k

,lqjcif; okdYr[kwf ol\ pma&;[efjzpfonf/ tjcm;ynwfcsufrsm;vnf; &Sdonf/ pum;pk\ qdkvdk&if;

oabmrSm ]]ynwfawmf 10yg;tjyif tjcm;ynwfcsufrsm; &SdcJhygu}} [kqdkvdkonf/ wpfrsKd;ajym&vQif if;onf
arma&S\ ynwdusrf; odkYr[kwf a,bk,stm;jzifh ]]w&m;Oya'}} tm;vkH;udk tusOf;csKH;jcif; jzpfonf/
396

a&S;&kd;*&d vufa&; 2 usrf;rsm; ynwfawmf 10yg;tm; tpDtpOfcs&m rnfrQ&SdjyD; rnfodkY

jzpfaMumif;ESifh ywfouf uJGjym;jcm;em;aom rl&if;wpfck&Sdonf/ ,k'bmom
a&wGufykHwpfrsKd;&Sdum?
umodkvdyfESifh
y&dkwufpfwifhrsm;\
a&wGufykHrSmvnf;
wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/
uJGjym;jcm;em;rIonf
uJGjym;jcm;em;aom vufa&;usrf;trsm;pk wdkY &Sdaom usrf;ydk'f\ t"dyg,frSefudk rxdcdkufacs/
]][laom tcsufonf tusOf;csKyfxm;\}} if;udk 0wfjyK 19;18rS udk;um;onf/ if;udk c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;

tMudrfaygif;rsm;pGm udk;um;onf/ (rJ 5;43? 19;19? 22;39? rmuk 12;31 ESifh vkum 10;27)/ a,Ionf
if;udk 'kwd, tMuD;rm;qkH; okdYr[kwf yxrtMuD;qkH; ynwfcsuf [k ac:onf/ if;udk *v 5;14 ESifh ,mukyf
2;8 wdkY vnf; udk;um;onf/ vlwpfa,mufonf bk&m;ocifudk cspfonfhtcg bk&m;ocifcspfaom olrsm;udk
cspfvdrfhrnf/ (Oyrmtm;jzifh o@mefawmfjzifh zefqif;xm;aom vlom;rsm; urmOD; 1;26-27)
]]rdrdudk,f rdrdcspfonf enf;wl rdrdtdrfeD;csif;tm; cspfavmh}} ,kHMunfolrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;udk cspfum

vufcHjcif;rjyKrD bk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk cspfonfenf;wl rdrdudk,f rdrdcspf&rnfjzpfonf/ rdrdudk,f

rdrdoifhavsmfpGm cspfjcif;onf raumif;aom t&mr[kwfacs/ u@\ t"du ormw&m;udk tjcm;olrsm;tm;
cspfjcif; &Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyonf (i,f 10)/ bk&m;ocif\ rdrdudk,f rdrday;qyfjcif;? tIH;cHaom
cspfjcif;arwmawmf\ xdkYxdjcif;cH&olrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;udkvnf; xdkenf;wl cspfvdrfrnfom jzpfonf/
(1a,m 3;16)/ if;rSm c&pfawmfESifh wljcif;\ tajccHjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfudk jyef
vnf&&Sdjcif;)/ uJhodkYaom cspfjcif; arwm&Sd&m t&yf w&m;Oya' (ynwfcsuf) rvdktyfacs/

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 13;11-14

11

oifwdkYonf tdyfaysmf&mrS Ekd;&ef tcsdefem&Da&mufjyDjzpfaMumif;? tcsdefumvudk odvsuf odkY

jyKMuavmh/ taMumif;rlum;? u,fwifjcif;onf igwdkY ,kHMunfcJhpOfxuf ,ck ydk eD;vmjyDjzpf\/
12
ntcsdefukefqkH;? aeYtcsdefeD;uyfvmjyDjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh arSmifrdkuftusifhrsm;udk z,f&Sm;um? tvif;\
ppf0wfwefqmrsm;udk 0wfqifMuygpdkY/ 13aeYtcsdefrSm uJhodkY aumif;rGefpGm usifhMuHMuum? yJGvrf;obifusif;yjcif;?
rI;,Zfaomufpm;jcif;? zdkrudp IyfayGjcif;ESifh umr*kPfvdkufpm;jcif;? cdkuf&ef jzpfyGg;jcif;? remvdkjcif;rsm; r&SdbJ
aeMuukefthH/ 14ocifa,Ic&pfawmfudk 0wfqifum? aoG;om;Zmwdtvdk jznfhqnf;&ef bmrQrjyKbJ
aeMuukeftHh/
13;11
NASB ]]odkY jyKMuavmh}}
NKJV ]]...umodkY jyKMuavmh}}
NRSV ]]t&mtjyif}}
TEV ]]oifwdkY t&mudk vkyfMu&ygrnf}}
NJB ]]xdkYjyif}}

if;rSm aemufuvkdufvmaom t&m (11-14) a&SUu t&m (9-10) rsm;ESifh qufpyfay;;jcif;jzpfonf/

w&m;emkHoufoufjyKolrsm; r[kwfbJ (,mukyf 1;22?23?25) w&m;usifhaom olrsm; jzpfMuavhm/
cspfjcif;arwmudk tvkyfjzifh jy&rnfjzpfonf/
397

]]tcsdefumvukd odvsuf}} if;rSm

wpfckjzpfonf/ a0g[m&rSm tcsdefumv

oD;oefYwpfck (kaivos) udk ajymjcif;jzpfjyD;? ykHrSefou&mZmf onf vdkufaomtcsdef (chronos) r[kwfacs/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf (1) rnfonfh tcsdefrqdk c&pfawmfjyefvnf<uvmrnf [laom tvif;xJESifh (2) uyfumv
topft*kPfOD; oef;vmcJhjyDjzpfaMumif; [laom tvif;ESpfckxJ touf&Sif&ef jzpfonf/
PERFECT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE

]]tcsdefem&Da&mufjyDjzpfaMumif;}} bk&m;ocif\ a&G;EIwfjcif; pDrHawmfrIcsuf (3;26/ 1aum 7;29/ 10;11/

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(a,m[ef c&pf0ifusrf; rMucPokH;) rSm oD;oefY tcsdefwpfckjzpfonf/ (kairos ESifh qifwljzpfonf/) if;udk
a,I vuf0g;uyfwdkifay: taocHjcif;ESifh jyefvnf<uvmjcif;twGuf okH;onf/
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5;8-14/ 1ouf 5;6)/ pum;vkH;rsm;onf wpkHw&maom usrf;pum;tquftpyf oabmtm;jzifh omvQif

t"dyg,f &Sdonf/ t"dyg,fzGifhqdk csuf taorSwf,ljcif;tm; owdjyKyg/ pum;vkH;wdkif; jzpfEdkifaom t"dyg,f
tawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdonf/ (t"dyg,fyGg;)
]]u,fwifjcif;onf ,ckydk eD;vmjyD}} u,fwifjcif;rSm tpjyKqkH;jzpfcsufESifh qufvufoGm;aejcif;

wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m 10;14 Munfhyg)/ u,fwifjcif;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm; rdrdwdkY\ udk,fcEm

topfr&rcsif; &yfwHhjynfhpkHoGm;rnf r[kwfacs/ (1a,m 3;2/ 2ouf 4;13-18/ a[jAJ 9;28/ 1ay 1;5)/
"roabmw&m;tm;jzifh if;udk ]]bkef;MuD;apjcif; csD;ajrSmufjcif;}} [k ac:onf/ (a&mr 8;30)? ocifbk&m;onf
rdrdtouf&SifaepOf jyefvnf<uvmrnfudk arQmfvifh&jcif;rSm acwftqufquf c&pf,mefwdkif;\ ajrmfvifhjcif;
jzpfonf/ (vkum 21;28)/ aygvk tygt0ifvnf; jzpfonf/ (1ouf 4;15)
]]igwdkY ,kHMunfcJhpOfuxuf}} c&pf,mefrSm qkH;jzwfcsuf wpfckjzifh tpjyKonf rSefaomfvnf; (csufjcif;

ajzmifhrwfapjcif;ESifh oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;) bk&m;w&m;ESifh nDaom touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHjzpfay:apum

(qufvufwdk;wufjzpfay:aom oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;/ txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4 Munfhyg)/ c&pfawmfESifh
wljcif;jzifh tqkH;owfonf/ (bkef;MuD;apjcif;? csD;ajrSmufjcif;)/ bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmftxJ ay;prf;aeaom
t&mudk vufcH&ef jzpfonf/ (a,m 1;12/ 3;16/ a&mr 10;9-13)/ tpjyKqkH;jzwfcsufESifh &yfwHhroGm;bJ?
qufuyfjzpfay:aeonf/

13;12 ]]ntcsdefukefcgeD;}} if;onf qdk;oGrf;aom zsufpD;jcif;cHum? tpm;xkd;jcif; jyKaejyDjzpfaom qdk;qGrf;onfh

vuf&Sduyfumvudk &nfnTef;onf/ (1aum 7;29-31/ 10;11/ ,mukyf 5;8/ {zuf 5;8?14/ 1a,m 4;7/
2a,m 2;17-18/ Asm 1;3/ 22;10)/ txl;taMumif;t&m 12;2 Munfhyg/ aygvkESifh a,m[efwdkYuomvQif
yifv,faousrf;pmvdyf (Dead Sea Scroll- DSS) enf;wl tarSmifESifh tvif;\ uJGjym;jcm;em;rIudk tokH;jyK
azmfjyMuonf/
]]aeYtcsdefeD;vmjyD}} if;rSm

wpfckjzpfonf/ aeY&ufrsm;onf aemufqkH;aom

umvjzpfonf/ (zd4;5/ ,mukyf 5;9)/ a,I vl0ifpm;um? zGm;jrifawmfrlcsdefrSp uRefawmfwdkYrSm
aemufqkH;aom umvtwGif; a&mufcJhMujyDjzpfonf/ if;onf bkef;wef;cdk;awmfjzifh oljyefvnf<uvmonftxd
Mumvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ yxrwpf&mckrSp ,kHMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmf jyefvnf<uvmjcif; odkY
tcsdefMum&Snf aESmifhaES;jcif;udk tHhtm;oifhcJhMuonf/ odkYaomf uyfumvtopfonf c&pfawmftxJ
t*kPfOD;wufcJhjyDjzpf\/
PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE

398

c&pfawmf<uvmjcif;\ eD;uyfrItaMumif;rSwfpkudk Asm'dwfusrf;tm; uREkfyfteufzGifhrI\ ]]ta&;MuD;aom

rdwfqufpum;}} acgif;pOfatmufrS ,ljcif;jzpfonf/ tifwmeufwGif www.freebiblecommentary.org
Munfhyg/
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oGefoifjcif;cHcJhMuonf/ (rJ 10;23/ 24;27? 34? 44/ rmuk 9;1/ 13;30) odkYaomf arQmfvifhol ,kHMunfaom
rsKd;qufwdkif;rSm ,ckxd vTJrSm;oGm;cJhMuonf/ a,I jyefvnf<uvmcsdef eD;aejyDjzpfaMumif;rSm rsKd;qufwdkif;
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r[mapcdkif;jcif; jyD;ajrmufap&ef vkyfaqmifMu&ef jzpfonf/
c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;xJu tcsKdUusrf;ydk'frsm;ESifh (rmuk 13;10/ vkum 17;2/ 18;8)
1?2oufomavmed Mo0g'pmrsm;onf 'kwd,tMudrfjyefvnf<uvmjcif; aESmifhaES;MuefYMumrIudk tajccHonf/
(Pariusia) xdktcsdefrwdkifrD yxrqkH;jzpfay:rnfh ordkif;0iftjzpftysuftcsKdU &Sdonf/
1/ wurmvkH; {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; ysHUESHapjcif; (rJ 24;15/ rmuk 13;10)
2/ ]]t"rvl}} ay:vmjcif; (rJ 24;15/ 2ouf 2/Asm 13)
3/ MuD;rm;aom nTef;qJESdyfpufjcif; (rJ 24;21?24/ Asm 13)/
wrifoufouf t"dyg,f r&Sif;vif;? roJuJGrI&Sdonf/ (rJ 24;42-51/ rmuk 13;32-36) ,aeYonf
rdrd\ aemufqkH;aeYuJhodkY touf&Sifum? tem*wftrIawmftwGuf pDpOfavhusifhyg/
]]z,f&Sm;.... 0wfqif}} if;rSm a&SmifwcifvdktyfrIudk jyaom

jzpfonf/
oabmrSm ]]oifhudk,fwdkif z,f&Sm;yg... wpfcgwnf;ESifhtjyD;tydkif;twGuf 0wfqifyg}} [l jzpfonf/
ajzmifhrwfapjcif; (aemifw&jcif;ESifh ,kHMunfjcif;) ESifh oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif; (bk&m;w&m;ESifh nDaom
touf&Sifjcif;) ESpfrsKd;pvkH; bk&m;ESifh vlom;ESpfzufpvkH;yg0ifonf/ t0wftpm;jzifh wifpm;azmfjyjcif;udk
aygvka&;aom pmrsm; ygaeusjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYrSm rdrdwdkY\ n0wf? t0wftpm;rsm; cRwfypfum?
wdkufyJG0if 0wfpkHrsm; 0wfqifMu&ef jzpfonf/ ({zuf 4;22-25/ aum 3;10? 12?14)/ uRefawmfwdkYrSm aeYpOf
0dnmOfwdkufyJGtwGuf jyifqifaeaom c&pf,mefppfonfrsm;jzpfMuonf/ ({zuf 6;10-18)/ NIDNTT, vol. 1, pp.
315-316 \ rSwfcsuf Munfhyg/
AORIST MIDDLE SUBJUNCTIVE

]]tvif;\ ppf0wfwefqm}} if;rSm a[&Sm 59;17 tm;&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYrSm

ajzmifhrwfjcif; ppf0wfwefqmESifh vufeufypnf;rsm;udk tjyD;tydkif wyfqif&efjzpfonf/ (2aum 6;7/ 10;4/

{zuf 6;11? 13/ 1ouf 5;8)/ bk&m;ocif\ ppf0wfwefqmwdkYrSm ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf
&EkdifonfrSefaomfvnf; uREfkyfwdkYonf
1/ rdrdwdkY\ vdktyfrIudk todtrSwfjyK&rnf
2/ bk&m;ocif\yHhydk;rIudk todtrSwfjyK&rnf
3/ if;udk rdrdwdkYtawG;urmESifh vufawGUb0wGif vludk,fwdkifESifh &nf&G,fcsufjzifh jynfhpkHap&rnf/
b0toufwmrSm aeYpOf 0dnmOfwdkufyJGqifEJTaejcif;jzpfonf/ Clinton F. Arnold \ Three Crucial
Questions About Spiritual Warfare pmtkyfMunfhyg/

399

13;13 ]]aumif;rGefpGm usifhMuHMuum}} if;rSm AORIST ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE jzpfum? trSefpifppfrSm

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15)/ aygvk 33 Mudrf ausmfokH;onf/
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a0g[m&rsm;rSm t"dyg,fxyf aeonf/ t"dyg,fwl pum;vkH; oabmqdkvdkjcif; jzpfEdkifonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / aumif;jrwfaom t&mrsm;ESifh ,kwfnhHaom t&mrsm; 1;28-32 Munfhyg/
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uRefawmfwdkYrSm oefY&Sif;olrsm;jzpfMuaomfvnf;? uRefawmfwdkYudk oefY&Sif;&ef tMuHay;qkH;ronf/ if;rSm
c&pfawmftxJ tcrJh jynfhpkHaom u,fwifjcif;ESifh ormusrf;pmawmfvm qefYusifbufjzpfae[efjzifh ESpfckpvkH;
rSefaomtaMumif;t&m (paradox) wpfckjzpfum c&pfawmfESifhtwl&ef zdwfac:aomc&moH jzpf\/
400

]]tvdkjznfhqnf;&ef bmrQrjyKbJ}} if;rSm

ygaom PRESENT MIDDLE IMPERATIVE

wpfckjzpfonf/ o'gzJGUpnf;ykHrsKd;onf qufuyfjzpfay:aecJhjyD; jzpfaom tjyKtrlwpf&yftm; &yfwHhaponf[k
t"dyg,f&Sdonf/ a&mrjrdKU &Sdc&pf,meftcsKdU touf&Siaf eykHrSm rqDravsmfjzpfaeonfudk qdkvkd[ef&Sdonf/
olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ ,cif rdp'dXd udk;uG,fjcif; tusifhrsm; qufvufjyKaeMuonfESifh wlonf/
aoG;om;Zmwdtvdkudk vkdufaom c&pf,mefrsm;taMumif; "ropfusrf;\ oGefoifykHudk &Sif;jy&ef
cufcJonf/ "ropfusrf;a&;om;olrsm;onf vlom;rsm;\ tajctaeudk tjzLtrJ a0g[m&rsm;jzifh
(oJuJGjywfom;pGm) wifjyMuonf/ aoG;om;Zmwd c&pf,mef qdkonfudk pum; a0g[m&rsm;tm;jzifh
jiif;qdkon/f odkYaomf if;rSm ]]jzpfcJhjyD;}} ESifh ]]rjzpfao;aom uRefawmfwdkY\ yuwdvufawGU toufwm rsm;
vnf; jzpfaeygonf/
NEGATIVE PARTICIPLE

aygvkonf vlom;udk tkyfpkokH;rsKd; cJGonf/ (1aum; 2;14-3;1)

1/ obm0 vlrsm; (0dnmOfaysmufqkH;ol vlom;rsm;) 2;14
2/ 0dnmOfvlrsm; (u,fwifjcif;&ol vlom;rsm;) 3;1
3/ aoG;om;Zmwd (c&pf,mefrsm;odkYr[kwf c&pf,mef uav;i,frsm;) [l jzpfonf/ 3;1
]]aoG;om;Zmwdtvdk}} aygvkonf usqif;aom uRefawmfwdkY\ tm'H obm0 qufvufaejcif;\
tE&,fudk aumif;pGm od&Sdonf/ (a&mr 7/ {zuf 2;3) odkYaomf bk&m;ociftwGuf touf&Sifvdkaom pdwfESifh
wefckd;udk a,Ionf uRefawmfwdkYudk ay;xm;onf/ (a&mr 6)/ if;rSm qufvufjzpfaeaom
tm;xkwf&kef;uefrIjzpfonf/ (8;5-7/ 1a,m 3;6-9)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / aoG;om;Zmwd (sarx) 1;3
Munfhyg/

aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;
pmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkY teufzGifh&rnfudk vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif; jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm
ormusrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf
rdrd&&Sdxm;aom tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif?
ormusrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkYrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk
teufzGifhusrf; a&;ollrsm;tay:om yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom
ar;cGef;rsm;rSm
usrf;pm\
tydkif;wGif
yg0ifaom
t"du
taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;zdkY jzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHk r[kwfbJ qifjcifpOf;pm;rItm;
Edk;qGay;&efom jzpfonf/
1/ tpdk;&taMumif; aygvk\ azmfjycsufonf ueOD; c&pf,mefrsm;twGuf tb,faMumifh tvGefjyif;xef
&oenf;
2/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf rnfonfh tpdk;&ykHpHrsKd;udk rqdk emcH&ygrnfavmh
3/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf tpdk;& awmif;qdkaom w&m;Oya' tm;vkH; emcH&ygOD;rnfavmh
4/ &Sifbk&if bk&m;ay;aom tcGifhta&;&Sdonf[k tcef;i,f 1onf oGefoifygoavm
5/ aygvkonf "roabmw&m;topf azmfxkwfvdkufjcif;avm
6/ tpdk;&tm; remcHjcif;onf c&pf,mefrsm;twGuf rSefuefcJhbl;ygovm;
7/ ti,f 4onf ao'Pftjypfay;jcif;ESifh rnfodkY qufpyfoenf;
401

8/ c&pf,mefwdkY\ Mowypdwf^twGif;pdwf (rdrdudk,f rdrdoaom pdwf) onf tjrJrSefygovm; (i,f 5)

9/ ti,f 8udk tajcjyKum? c&pf,mefrsm;onf ta<u;aps;0,fu'frsm; r&Sd&oavm
10/ ti,f 8onf tjcm;aom c&pf,mefrsm;tm; cspfjcif; (0g) vltm;vkH; cspfjcif; b,f[mudk ajymygoenf;
11/ aygvkonf "ropf ,kHMunfolrsm;udk vHIYaqmfay;&ef ynwfawmf q,fyg;udk tb,faMumifh okH; oenf;
12/ aygvkonf ,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh ygwfouf tb,faMumifh xkduJhodkY aMumufvefYbG,f&m tjypfudk
xnfhoGif;oenf;
13/ vlonf ]]ocifa,I c&pfawmfudk rnfuJhodkY 0wfqif}} oenf;

402

a&mr 14
acwfopf bmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm; pmydk'fcJGjcif;
4

4BS

NKJV

NRSV

TEV

oifhnDtpfudktm;
w&m;rpD&ifESifh

vGwfvyfjcif;\
Oya'o

arwmonf tjcm;ol tjcm;olrsm;

rsm;\pdwfroefYrIudk udkrpD&ifESifh
av;pm;wwfonf

pdwfroefYolrsm;tay:
cspfjcif;arwm

14;1-12

14;1-13

14;1-4
14;5-6
14;7-9
14;10-12

14;1-12

rdrdnDtpfudk
udkrvJapESifh

arwm\Oya'o

14;13-23

14;14-23

14;1-4
14;5-12

NJB

tjcm;olrsm;udk
rvJapESifh
14;13-23

14;13-18
14;19-23

14;13-21
(14;22-25;6)
14;22-23

ywfvnfzwfIjcif; taMumhokH; (pm xi Munfhyg)

rl&if;pma&;ol\ pmydk'fvdkuf&nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnfjcif;
pmtkyfrSm teufzGifhvrf;nTef;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmudk rdrd[m
rdrdteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&onfh tvif;vJ
avQmufvSrf;oGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,f? ormusrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;udk teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;ay: om
ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/
tcef;MuD;wpfcef;tm;
wpfwdkifwnf;jzifhzwfyg/
t"duOD;wnfcsufrsm;udk
owfrSwfazmfjyyg/
taMumif;t&mtvdkuf oif\ pmydk'fcJGrIudk txufygbmomjyefusrf; ig;rsKd;ESifh Edkif;,SmOfyg/ pmykd'fcJGrsm;onf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;?
teufjyefjcif;\
toJESvkH;jzpfaom
rl&if;pma&;ol\
MuH&G,fcsufem;vnfEdkif&efaomhcsufjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwdkif;taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd,pmydk'f
4/ ... pojzifh

403

ti,f 1-12tm; usrf;pum; tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;

u/ tcef;MuD;onf c&pf,mef vGwfvyfrIqdkif&m qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,mifjzifh rSefaomt&mrsm;ESifh

c&pf,mef\ wm0ef0w&m;tm; csdefcGifvQmnDap&ef tm;xkwfjcif;jzpfonf/. tcef;MuD; 15;13 txdjcKHonf/
c/ tcef;MuD;\ tvsifpvdkEdkifrIrSm a&mr toif;awmftwGif; wyg;trsKd; ,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh *sL;vlrsKd;
,kHMunfolrsm;tMum; wif;rmrIaMumifh (odkYr[kwf xdktcsdef aum&dEK toif;awmftwGif; aygvk\
tawGYtMuHKaMumifh) jzpfEdkifonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;onf rajymif;vJrD ynwfw&m; buf,drf;,dkifolrsm;jzpfum?
wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;rSmrl tusifhysufjcif; bufodkY ,drf;,dkifolrsm;jzpfonf/ tcef;MuD;onf a,I\
aemufvdkufppfppfrsm;udk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ Zmwdqefaom ,kHMunfolrsm;tm; ajymjcif;r[kwfacs/ (1aum
3;1) tjrifhrm;qkH;aom &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk tkyfpkESpfckpvkH;twGuf jzpfonf[k ajymonf/
aqG;aEG;wifjyrIonf tjypf&Smaom w&m;Oya'orm;rsm; (0g) *kPfazmfaom vpfb&,f0g'Drsm;twGuf
cGifhjyKcsufvdkifpifr[kwfacs/
aygvkonf aum&dEKjrdKUrS a&mrjrdKUodkY a&;om;jcif;jzpfonfudk owd&yg/ xdae&m&Sd jyemrSm
*dkPf;*epdwfjzpfaomfvnf;? ae&mrl ykHpHrwlaom ,kHMunfolrsm; &Sdonf/
*/

,kHMunfolwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ "roabmw&m; (0g) udk,fusifhw&m;rsm;udk tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;

tm;vkH;twGufvnf; rjzpfap&ef owdxm;&rnf (2aum 10;12)/ ,kHMunfolwdkif; rdrd&&Sdaom
tvif;xJavQmufoGm;&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; rdrd\ "roabmw&m;rSm tvdkvdkyif bk&m;ocif\ "roabm
w&m;jzpfroGm;aMumif; em;vnfxm;&efvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY tcsif;csif;onf ormusrf;pm tm;jzifh
usKd;aMumif;qifjcifrIESifh tawGUtMuHKtm;jzifh tm;ay;wdkufwGef;&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; arwmtm;jzifh
jzpf&ygrnf/ rdrdodaMumif;ydk odavav? todynmydkrsm;vmavjzpfonf/ (1aum 13;12)

C/ tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;\ tjyKtrlrsm;udk wefzdk;jzwf&m bk&m;ocifha&SUawmfarSmuf rdrdwdkU\ pdwfae

oabmxm;ESifh xdkYodkUjyK&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;rsm;rSm wu,faomhcsufrsm;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf
rdrdwdkY tcsif;csif;rnfuJhodkUjyKMuaMumif; tay:w&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&ef c&pfawmfa&SUarSmuf &yfMu&rnf/
(ti,f 10?12ESifh 2aum 5;10)
i/ rmwifvlomajymonfrSm ]]c&pf,mefvlwpfa,mufonf rnfolYvufatmufrS r&Sdaom vltm;vkH;teuf
ocifbk&m;\
tvGwfvyfqkH;aomvljzpfonf/
c&pf,mef
vlwpfa,mufrSm
tm;vkH;\
vufatmufcHjzpfaom tm;vkH;teufrS wm0eft&SdqkH;tapcHjzpfonf}} [kqdk\/ ormusrf;pmvm
ormw&m;[lonf qefYusifaeoa,mif&Sdaomfvnf; trSefjzpfaomwif;rmrIESifh jynfhaom ykHpHjzifh
wifqufxm; avh&Sd\/
p/ cufcJaomfvnf; ta&;MuD;aomtaMumif;t&mrSm a&mr 14;1-15;13? 1aum 8-10 ESifh aumavm 2;8-23
wdkYjzpfonf/ u@ uREkfyftm;yHhykd;aom pmtkyfrSm Gordon Free and Douglas Stuart, "How To Read
the Bible for All Its Worth" pmrsufESm 75-86/
q/ rnfodkYjzpfap&dk;om;jzLpifaom ,kHMunfolwdkUtMum; trsKd;rsKd;jzpf&Mujcif;rSm qdk;aomt&mr[kwaMumif;
azmfjy&ef vdktyfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkif; tm;omcsufESifh tm;enf;csufudk,fpD&SdMuonf/ vlwdkif; rdrd&&Sdaom
tvif;xJoGm;um tvif;ydkrdk&&Sd&ef 0dnmOfawmfESifh ormusrf;pmtwGuf tjrJwHcg;zGifhay;&ygrnf/ rIef0g;aom
404

MunfhrSefrS wqifhomjrif&aom umv (1aum 13;8-13) cspfjcif;arwmtxJ (ti,f15) jidrf;csrf;pGmjzifh

(i,f 17?19) tjyeftvSefwnfaqmufp&mjzpfapjcif;iSg touf&Sif&rnfjzpfonf/
Z/ tkyfpkrsm;udk aygvkay;aom ]]tm;&Sdol}} ESifh ]]tm;enf;ol}} [laom emrnfwdkYonf olwdkUudk wpfrsKd;xifp&m
jzpfaponf/ aygvk\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm xdkodkUr[kwfac/ ESpfrsKd;pvkH;ppfrSefaom ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonf/
tjcm;c&pf,mefrsm;udk rdrdwdkU\ ykHpHodkY oGuo
f Gif;bdkY MudK;pm;&ef r[kwfay/ c&pfawmftxJ
tcsif;csif;vufcHMu&efomjzpfonf/
ps/ aMumif;usKd;jyaom aqG;aEG;csufwpfckvkH;udk atmufygtwdkif;tusOf;csKyfqdkifonf/
1/ bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmfxJ uREkfyfwdkYudk vufcHojzifh tcsif;csif;vufcHMu (14;1-3? 15;7)/
2/ c&pfawmfonf igwdkY\ ocifESifhw&m;olMuD;jzpfojzifh tcsif;csif;pD&ifjcif;rjyK& (14;3-12)
3/ wpfOD;jcif; vGwfvyfrIxuf cspfjcif;arwmrSm om ta&;BuD; (14;13-23)
4/ c&pfawmf\ touf&Sifjcif; vdkvdkuf tjcm;olrsm;twGuf wnfaqmufp&mjzpfap&ef rdrdtcGifhta&;udk
tIH;cHyg/ (15;1-13)

pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pkavhvmjcif;
NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom bmomjyefusrf; 14;1-4
1

,kHMunfjcif;tm;enf;oludk vufcHyg/ odkUaomf ol\ t,ltqrsm;udk pD&ifjcif;jyK&ef &nf&G,fcsuf

r[kwf&yg/ 2vlwpfa,mufonf tpmtm;vkH;pm;Edkifonf [laom tjrif&dSaomfvnf; tm;enf;aom olurl
[if;oD;[if;&Gufudkom pm;onf/ 3pm;aom oludk rpm;aom olonf txifao;&efr[kwf/ rpm;aom oludk
pm;aom olonf pD&ifjcif;jyK&efr[kwfacs/ taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocifonf olYudk vufcHawmfrljyD/
4
tjcm;ol\ tapcHudk pD&ifjcif;jyK&ef oifonf rnfolenf;/ ol&yfwnfonfjzpfap? vJonfjzpfap
olYociftwGufjzpfonf/ ocifbk&monf olYudk &yfwnfapEdkifojzifh olonf &yfwnfvdrfhrnf/
14;1
NASB ]]vufcHyg}} (accept)
NKJV ]]vufcHyg}} (receive)
NRSV, TEV ]]MudKqdkyg}}
NJB ]]MudKqdkjcif;jyKyg}}

if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE IMPERATIVE jzpfonf (15;1) qufvufaeaom apcdkif;jcif;jzpfjyD;

vufcHrnfht&mudk txl;jyKon/f *&dMud,m ]]oif}} (wdkU) [laom emrf;pm;&Sdaomfvnf; t*Fvdyfrl if;onf
]]tm;&Sdol}} c&pf,mefrsm;udk qdkvdkum olwdkYudkyif &nfnTef;onf/ (15;1) if;onf a&mr toif;&Sd tkyfpkESpfckwdkY
udkqdkvdkonf/ if;\ jzpfEdkifaomqufpyfrIrSm
1/ ,kHMunfol *sL;ESifh wjcm;,kHMunfolrsm; tMum;wif;rmrI (15;7-21) odkYr[kwf ((2) uJGjym;jcm;em;aom
vlyk*Kvf wOD;jcif;\ pHrsm;[l jzpfonf/ usrf;ydk'fwpfckvkH;onf ppfrSefjyD;&dk;om;aom ,kHMunfol
lrsm;taMumif;jzpfum ,kHMunfjcif; tcsKdUtm;&Sdum wcsKdUtm;enf;onf/ ae&m ,kHMunfjcif;qdkonfrSm
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm; em;vnfjcif;?if;\ tjywfopfvGifjcif;ESifh vGwfajrmufapjcif; qdkif&mrsm; jzpfonf/

405


NASB, NKJV
]],kHMunfjcif; tm;enf;ol}}
NRSV, TEV ]],kHMunfjcif; tm;enf;aom olrsm;}}
NJB
]]vlwpfa,muf\ ,kHMunfjcif;aumif;pGm

rcdkifchH}}
pum;pkonf rsufESmcsifqdkifaom oabmxm;udk tav;teufjyKonf/ t"dyg,f&if;rSm ]],kHMunfjcif;
tm;enf;onf}} [ljzpfonf/ ypKyefumvjy jzpfaejcif;onf touf&Sifjcif; ykHpHjzpfaMumif;jyonf/ if;onf
w&m;Oya'enf;uspdwfaeoabmxm;udkvnf; &nfnTef;onf/ pdwfroefYrIvGefuJaom ,kHMunfol c&pf,mefudk
tcef;MuD;xJ azmfjyyHkokH;rsKd;&Sdonf/
1/ tpm;taomufwm;jrpfjcif; (14;2? 6?21)
2/ txl;aeY&ufrsm; tav;teufxm;jcif; (14;5-6)
3/ pyspf&nfwm;jrpfjcif; (14;17? 21)
ykHpHrsKd; vludk a&m 15;1 ESifh 1aum 8;9-13/ 9;22 wdkY azmfjyonf/ rdrdudk,frdrdtm;&Sdaom?
tm;enf;aomc&pf,mef [l tvG,fwulrowfrSwfvdkufygESifh/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf u@wpfck tm; aumif;
um? tjcm;u@wpfcktm;enf;Muonf csnf;jzpf\/
udptay: aygvk\ pdwfaeoabmxm;rSm *vm 4;9-10 ESifh aum 2;16-23wdkYESifh tvGef
fuJGjym;jcm;em;onf/ usrf;ydk'frsm;onf rrSefaom q&morm;rsm;\ pdwfaeoabmxm;ESifh oGefoifrIrsm;udk
xif[yfaponf/ a&mrMo0g'pmapmifrlvdyfjympdwfroefYrlvGefuJol ,kHMunfol tppftrSefrsm;jzpfonf/
teufzGifhusrf;a&;om;oltrsm;tjym;wdkYonf ]],kHMunfjcif; tm;enf;olqdk&m ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;
(*sL;bmom0ifrsm;) ESifh arma&S\ ynwfw&m;tm; emcH&ef qufvuf tav;teufjyKjcif;ESifh xdkodkYjyK&m
arma&S\ ynwdusrf;tm; *sL;&dAq&mMuD;rsm;\ em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;udk tajccHMujcif;jzpfonf/
(Talmud) if;onf txufygeHygwf 1? 2wdkYESifh aocsmudkufnDaomfvnf; eHygwf 3ESifh rlrudkufnDacs/
xdkUaMumifh usrf;ydk'fonf vlyk*KvfwOD;csif;ESifhydk udkufnDonf[k uREkfyf,lqonf/ if;onf *sL;jzpfap?
wyg;trsKd;om;jzpfap rdrdwdkY\ twdwfumvxkH;wrf;pOfvmrsm;\ vTrf;rdk;jcif;rsm;pGm cHaeolrsm;tm; &nfnTef;
jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /tm;enf;jcif;

ae&m uJGjym;jcm;em;rI&Sdonf/ rrSefaom q&morm;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ t&nftcsif;ESifh

w&m;a[mjcif;twwfynm 0g<um;Muaomfvnf;? aygvku rl ]]tm;enf;jcif;}} (ashtheneo) \ wefbkd;
aumif;pGmod&Sdxm;onf/ pum;vkH;rsm; (odkYr[kwfif;wdkY\ tjcm;ykHpHrsm;) yxrESifh'kwd, aum&dEKMo0g'pm
wdkY rnfodkYokH;avh&SdaMumif; rSwfom;yg/

0g<um;onf

1aum&dEK 1;29?31
3;21
4;7
5;6
9;15?16
2aum&dEK 1;12?14
5;12 (ESpfcg)
7;4?14 (ESpfcg)
8;24
9;2?3

tm;enf;onf

1aum&dEK 1;25?27
2;3
4;10
8;7?9?10?11?12
9;22
11;30
12;22
15;43
2aum&dEK 10;10
11;21?29?30
406

10;8?13?15?16?17
12;5?9?10 (ESpfcg)
11;12?16?17?18?30
13;3?4 (2cg) 9
12;1?5?6?9
aygvkonf tm;enf;jcif;qdkaom oabmudk trsKd;rsKd;okH;onf
1/ bk&m;ocif\ tm;enf;rI/ 1aum;1;25
2/ avmu tm;enf;jcif;/ 1aum 1;27
3/ aygvk\ tm;enf;rIESifh pdk;&drfaMumuf&GHUrI/ 1aum 2;3/ 9;22/ 2aum 11;29?30/ 12;5/
4/ aygvkESifh omoemjyKtzGJU/ 1aum 4;10/ 2aum 11;21
5/ tm;enf;aom nDtpfudk/ (a&mr 14;1-15;13) 1aum 8;7?9?10?11?12/9;22/
6/ udk,fcEmtm;enf;rI/ 1aum 11;30
7/ vludk,fcEmtpdwftydkif;rsm;/ 1aum 12;22
8/ &kyfudk,fcEm/ 1aum 15;43
9/ aygvk vludk,fwdkif &Sdjcif; (0g) olw&m;a[muRrf;usifrI/ 2aum 10;10
10/ aygvk\ tm;enf;rIonf bk&m;ocif\ cGeftm;udkjyD;oGm;aponf/ 2aum 12;9?10/ 13;4?9
11/ aygvkrSwqifh c&pfawmftaMumif;a[mMum;jcif;/ 1aum 13;3
12/ c&pfawmf\ &kyfcEm/ 2aum 13;4

NASB ]]odkYaomf ol\ t,ltqrsm;udk pD&ifcsufcs&efr&nf&G,f&yg}}

NKJV ]]odkYaomf'd[jzpfp&mtaMumif;rsm;ukdolESifhrjiif;ckH&yg}}
NRSV ]]odkYaomf t,ltqay:tjiif;yGg;&ef r&nf&G,f&yg/}}
TEV ]]odkYaomf olwdkYt,ltqrsm;tm; olwdkYESifh tjiif;tckHrvky&fyg}}
NJB ]]jiif;ckHjcif;rpwifbJ}}

,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYESifh oabmxm;rwdkufqdkifolrsm;tm;? olwdkYajymif;vJ ap&eftm;rxkwfbJ?

olwdkYudk tjynfht0vufcH&ygrnf if;rSm rdrdwdkYESifh wlnDvm&eftm;xkwfjcif; rjyKbJ rdwfo[m,jzpfap&ef
tajccHjzpfonf/ pdwfvGwfvyfrIjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkif; vkyfief;pOf yg0ifaeonf/ 0dnmOfawmftm;
tvkyfvkyfcGifhESifh wpfOD;csif;tm; &ifhusufvmap&ef ykHoGif;cGifhjyKxm;Mu&rnfjzpfaomfvnf;? &ifhusufjcif;?
qkd&myif tm;vkH;tjrifcsif;wlMurnfum;r[kwfacs/
14;2 tcef;i,f azmfjyaom tpmrSm usef;rma&;twGuf r[kwfbJ? bmoma&;udpjzpfonf/ tpmESifh
fhqdkifaom jyemrSm taMumif;&if;ESpfckaMumifh jzpfay:Edkifonf/ (1) *sL;rsm;\ tpmqdkif&mynwfcsufrsm;
(0wfjyK&musrf; 11) odkYr[kwf (2) oemyvlrsm;\ kyfwkqif;wkylaZmf&m,Zfaumif\ tom; (1aum &dEK
8-10)/ a,Ionf vludk npfnrf;aponfrSm tpmr[kwfaMumif; &Sif;vif;pGm oGefoifonf/ (rJ 15;10-20/
rmuk 7;14-23)/ opmw&mudk aumaevdESifh qdkifaom lygkH wrefawmf 10wGif okyfjy &Sif;vif;onf/
14;3 ]]pm;aomolonf ... txifao;&efr[kwf}} ]]txifao;&efr[kwf}} ezoutheneo \ onf PRESENT ACTIVE
IMPERATIVE tm; NEGATIVE PARTICLE ESifh wJGxm;jcif;jzpfum? qufvufcJhjyDaom tjyKtrIwpfcktm;
&yfwHhapjcif;tm;qdkvdkonf/
]]txifao;onf}} qdk&m ]]ayghyg;aponf}} ]]uvum;jzpfaponf/}} odkYr[kwf ]]wefbkd;rJh jzpfoGm;
aponf}} [l jzpf\/ (14;10/ vkum 18;9/ 1aum 6;4/ 16;11/ 2aum 10;10/ *v 4;14/ 1ouf 5;20)/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdudk,frdrdESdrfhcsjcif;jzifh rdrdudk,frdrdajzmifhrwfapjcif;rjyK&efkowdjyK&rnf/ ,kHMunfjcif; tm;
aumif;olonf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;enf; oludk Iwfcsjcif;rjyK&acs/
407

]]w&m;pD&if}}

if;rSm NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygaom PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpf

qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom tjyKtrIwpfck &yfwHhaponf[k t"dyg,f&Sdonf/ ,kHMunfjcif; tm;enf;olonf? rdrdwdkYESifh
oabmxm; rwdkufqdkifolnDtpfudkrsm;\ tjyKtrIrsm;tm; pD&ifcsufcsjcif;udk &yfwhH&rnfjzpfonf/
]]taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocifonf olYudk vufcHcJhjyD/}} if;rSm

jzpfonf/
pum;vkH;udkyif ]]vufcH]] [k bmomjyefonf/ ti,f 1 ,kHMunfol tcsif;csif;vufoifhcHjcif;jyKMu&ef
tajccHrSm bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmfrS wqifh (15;7) igwdkYudk vufcHcJhjyD[ljzpf\/ ti,f 3 onf
,kHMunfjcif;tm; enf;ol? pdwfroefYrIvGefuJaom c&pf,mefudk wdkufkdufajymjcif;jzpfonf/
AORIST MIDDLE INDICATIVE

14;4 ]]oifonf rnfolenf;}} if;rSm *&dvdk tav;teufjyKaom tokH;tEIef;jzpfum? tm;enf;aom

,kHMunfoludk &nfnTef;onf/
]]tapcH}} if;rSm ]]aetdrf}} pk t"dyg,f&Sdaom oikos pum;vkH;rSvmaom oiketes jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh

tdrfapodkYr[kwf aus;uRef [l jzpfvdrfhrnf/ (vkum 16;13/ wref 10;7/ a&mr 14;4/ 1ay 2;18)/
xdkpum;vkH;udk *&d"ra[mif;usrf; Septuagint xdkoabmjzifh okH;onf/ (urm 9;25/27;37/ 44;16?33/
50;18)/ "ropfusrf;wGif a0g[m&rSm ydkomaom aus;uRefodkYr[kwf tapcHjzpfonf/ doulous ESifh
rwlacs/ tdrfap (0g) tdrfuRefjzpfEdkifonf/
aygvkajymvdkonfrSm ,kHMunfolwpfOD;csif;wdkYonf c&pfawmf\ uRef^tapcHjzpfonf [l jzpf\/
olonf if;wdkY\ ]]ocif}} jzpfum? oluomvQif olwdkYudk nTefMum;um? olwdkY tjyKtrIESifh&nf&G,f &if;wdkYtwGuf
olwdkYudk wm0efcHapvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;10)
]]ol&yfwnfonfjzpfap? vJonfjzpfap olYociftwGufjzpfonf/}} usrf;pum;tquftpyf oabmt&

aygvkonf pdwfroefYrlvGefuJolwdkYudk ajymjcif;jzpfaomfvnf;azmfjyaomtaMumif;t&monf tkyfpkESpfck

kpvkH;tm;&nfnGef;aMumif; xif&Sm;onf ,kHMunfolwdkYonf rdrdwdkY udk,fwdkif\ rsufvkH;rsm;xJ&Sd
trIduftptersm;udk xkwfypf&ef ydkrdkaumif;rGefonf/ (rJ 7;1-15)
]]ocifbk&m;onf

olYudk &yfwnfapEdkifojzifh? olonf &yfwnfvdrfhrnf/}} if;rSm tHhMobG,f

fuwfawmfwpf&yfjzpfonf/ (5;1-2/ ,k' 24-25/ if; ,kHMunfolwpfOD;csif;\ yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIvnf;
yg0ifonf/ (1aum 15;1-2)?txl;taMumif;t&m 5;2 Munfhyg/
tcsuf rIuJG*&dvufa&;usrf;wpfck&Sdonf/ NKJVonf pmvkH;MuD;vufa&;usrf; D,F,G,048 ESihf
0150 wdkY enf;wl Vulgate udk vkdufum ]]bk&m;ocif}} (Theo) [l okH;onf/ okdYaomf MSS P46 N, A,
V,C, P wdkY ]]ocifbk&m;}} Lord (Kurious) [l okH;onf/ UBS4 onf "Lord" udk aocsm (A)
tqifh owfrSwfonf/

408

pum;vkH; pum;pkavhvmjcif;
NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ 14;5-9
5

vlwpfa,mufonfaeYwpfaeYudk tjcm;aeYwpfaeYxufydk*kpdkufonf/ tjcm;wpfa,mufu rltwlwlyif

oabmxm;onf/ vlwdkif; rdrdpdwx
f Jaumif;pGm oabmayguf&ygrnf/ 6aeYudk apmifhxdef;olonf ocifbk&m;udk
axmuf apmifhxdef;onf/ pm;aom olonf ocifbk&m;udk axmuf xdkodkY jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm
olonf bk&m;ocifudk aus;Zl;wifonf/ rpm;aom olonf ocifbk&m;tm; axmuf rpm;bJ aeum?
bk&m;ocifudk aus;Zl;wifonf/ 7taMumif;rSm igwdkY wpfa,mufrQ ud,ftwGuf toufr&Sif? udk,fhtwGuf
raoMuacs/ 8taMumif;rSm igwdkYonf touf&Sifygu ocifbk&m;twGuf touf&Sifonf/ odkYr[kwf?
aoyguvnf; ocifbk&m;twGufaoonf/ okdYjzpf igwdkYonf &Sifaeonfjzpfap? aoqkH;onfjzpfap?
ocifbk&m;twGufjzpfonf/ 9taMumif;rlum; c&pfawmfonf aovGeaf omolrsm;ESifh touf&Sifolrsm;
ESpfrsKd;vkH;\ ocifjzpfap&ef taocHum? jyefvnftouf&Sifonf/
14;5 ]]vlwa,mufonf aeYwaeYudk tjcm;aeYwaeYxuf *kpdkufonf}} vltcsKdUonf bmoma&; aeY&ufudk
tvGeftpGJMuD;aeMuqJjzpfonf/ (aeY&uftcsKdUESifh ESpfywfvnfyJGawmfrsm; *v 4;10/ aum 2;16-17)/
aeY&uftm;vkH; bk&m;ocifnDwlnDrQydkifonf/ txl;aeY&ufr&Sdacs/ avmuDqdkif&maeY? avmukw&mqdkif&maeY [l
r&Sdacs/ tm;vkH;oefY&Sif;aomaeY&ufrsm;jzpfonf/
]]vlwdkif;rdrdpdwfxJaumif;pGm oabmayguf&ygrnf}}

jzpfonf/ if;rSm
u@ jirfoufrI&&Sd&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf jyKrljcif;rjyKrDudk,fwkdif oabmayguf&ef
jzpfonf/ (i,f 23)? odkYaomf tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;tm;vkH; rdrdudkoabmayguf&ef rvdkacs/ bk&m;ocifonf
uREkfyf\ "roabmw&m;ykHpHcGufcJ aexdkifonfr[kwfacs/ uREkfyf\ "roabmw&m;onf bk&m;ocif\
"roabmw&m;jzpfap&efrvdktyfacs/
PRESENT PASSIVE IMPERATIVE

14;6 ]]ocifbk&m;udk axmuf}} ydkifqdkifrIjyyk'fudk ti,f 6 okH;cg? ti,f 8 ESpfcg okH;onf/ jzLpifaom
,kHMunfolrsm;jyKonfhtouf&Sifjcif;ykHpH a&G;cs,frIrsm;onf ]]ocifbk&m;udk axmuf}} jyKjcif;jzpf&ayrnf/
({zuf 6;7 ESifh aum 3;23 )/ rdrdpdwfMudKuf *dkPf;*e? rdom;pktpOftvm odkYr[kwfxifjrifcsufrQomvQif
rjzpf&yg/
14;7 ]] taMumif;rSm igwdkYwpfa,mufrS udk,ftwGuf toufr&Sif}} c&pf,mefrsm;onf a&ywfvnf0dkif;aom
uRef;wpfuRef;r[kwfacs/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf yxrqkH;ESifh eHygwfwpftjzpf c&pfawmftwGuf touf&SifMuonf/
(i,f8) ,kHMunfolrsm;\ tjyKtrlrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;udk tusKd;oufa&mufonf/ olwkdYrSm MuD;rm;aom
0dnmOfrdom;pkMuD;wpfck\
tpdwftydkif;wpfckpDjzpfMuonf/
xdkYaMumifh
olwdkYonf
rdrdwdkY\
udk,fydkifvGwfvyfcGifhudk cspfjcif;arwmjzifh uefYowfxm;&ygrnf/ (1aum 10;24? 27-33)/ tjcm;olrsm; rdrdwdkY
udk,fydkifvGwfvyfrIxJMuD;xGm;&ef
cGifhjyKxm;&ygrnf/
Oya'o0g'onf
bk&m;ocifESifh
rqdkifaom
rdrdudk,frdrdajzmifhrwfaponfh wajy;nDjzpfa&;udk OD;wnfonf/ a,I\ tjyif;xefqkH; pum;ESifh?
jypfwifpum;rsm;rSm Oya'oudk tpJGjyK olwdkYudk,f olwdkY ajzmifhrwf oltjypf,lqolzg&d&SJrsm;ay:jzpfonf/
14;8 ]]ygu ...ygu}} if;wdkYrSm tem*wfjyKEdkifacs&Sdonf[k t"dyg,f&aom wwd,wef;pm;
cRif;csufyg0gusrsm;jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYonf t&mcyfodrf;tm;jzifh jzpfEdkifonfhtcgwdkif; ocifbk&m;udk
tapcHMuonf/ ({zuf 6;7/ aum 3;23)
409

14;9 ]]aovGefolESifh touf&Sio

f l? ESpfrsKd;vkH;twGuf}} if;rSm a0ga[m&rsm;udk rokH;pzl;pDpOfykHrsKd;jzifh
okH;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkpDpOfokH;EIef;ykHonf a,I\ taocHjcif;ESifh jyefvnfxajrmufjcif;udk xif[yfapjcif;
jzpfonf/ olonf ,cktcg xdkavmuESpfckpvkH; tcsKyftcsmtmPmydkifjzpfonf/
ormw&m;onf c&pf,mefrsm; tb,faMumifh olwdkYtwGuf r[kwfbJ? tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;
twGufvnf; touf&SifMu&rnftaMumif; "roabmw&m;jzpfay:aponf/ olwdkYonf rdrdudk,frdrdrydkifqdkif?
olwdkYonf wefbkd;wpfckay; 0,f,ljcif;cHcJhMujyDjzpfonf/ olwdkYonf tjypfudk uRefrcHawmhbJ? bk&m;ocifudk
tapcHMuap&ef? olwdkYtjypfrsm;twGuf taocHol a,I\ \ tapcHrsm;jzpfvmcJhMujyDjzpfonf/ (a&mr 6)/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf twudk tajcjyKaom rdrdwdkY\ pdwftvdkrsm;udk aoqkH;apum? arwmjzifh tapcHaom
a,I\ touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHtwdkifvkdufemtwk,lMu&efjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;14-15/ *v 2;20/ 1a,m 3;16)

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 14;10-12

10

odkYaomfoifonf tb,faMumifh rdrdnDtpfudktm; w&m;pD&ifoenf; odkYr[kwf oifonf

rdrdnDtpfudktm; txifao;oenf; taMumif;rIum; igwdkYtm;vkH;onf bk&m;ocif\ w&m;yvifawmfa&SU
&yf&MuOD;rnf/ 11taMumif;rIum ormusrf;pm; a&;onfrSm ]]igtouf&Sifonf jzpf 'l;tm;vkH;
ightm;'l;axmufMuum? vQmtm;vkH; bk&m;ocifudk csD;rGrf;Muvdrfhrnf[k xm0&t&Sif bk&m;ocif rdefYawmfrl\/
12
odkYjzpf igwdkYwpfa,mufpDonf rdrdtaMumif;tm; bk&m;ocifudk tpD&ifcHMu&vdrfhrnf/
14;10 ]]odkYaomf oifonf}} if;rSm tav;teufjyKjcif;twGuf ed'gef;pum;jzpfonf/
ti,f 10&Sd ar;cGef;ESpfckwdkYonf ti,f 1-12udk pl;pdkuf jcif;jzpfonf/ ti,f3 &nfnTGef;aom

xkdtkyfpkESpfckwdkYudk aemufwpfcg EIdif;,SOfjyonf/ tkyfpkwpfckonf tjcm;tkyfpkwpfckudk ]]txifao;}} um

]]w&m;pD&if}} onf/ ]]uRef}} tcsif;csif;twGuf xdkpdwfaeoabmxm;ESpfrsKd;pvkH;roifhavQmfacs olwdkY\
ocifa,Ic&pfawmfuomvQif ]]a0zef}} ydkifcGifh (0g)? ]]txifao;}} ydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf
w&m;olMuD;uJhodkY jyKrljcif;rSm (1) bk&m;ocif\ ae&mudk wk,ljcif;jzpfonfjyif (2) tcsdeftcg rusao;aom
t&mvnf;jzpfonf/
]]igwdkYtm;vkH;onf bk&m;ocif\ w&m;yvifawmfa&SU &yf&MuOD;rnf}} tvm;wlormw&m;udk 2aum

5;10 azmfjyonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY tcsif;csif;rnfokdY jyKrIMuaMumif; ocifbk&m;tm;

&Sif;vif;csufay;Mu&vdrfhrnf/ a,Ionf bk&m;ocif\ w&m;olMuD;tjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/ (rJ 25;3146)/
t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf; NKJV onf ]]c&pfawmf\w&m;yvif}} [k bmomjyefonf/ KJV udk
axmufcHaom ueOD;a&S;a[mif;*&dpmvkH;BuD;vufa&;usrf;rsm;jyifqifaom usrf;rsm;jzpfonf/ Aleph2 ESifh C2
wdkYjzpfonf/ Theos bk&m;ocif) pum;vkH;onf MSS Aleph, B, C,D, F ESifh G wdkY yg&Sdonf/
usrf;pma&;ul;olrsm;onf 2aum 5;10ESifh tnDjzpfap&ef *&drl&if;pmudk ajymif;vdkufMujcif;jzpf
aumif;jzpfayrnf/ xdkYjyif ]]om;jzpfapjcif;}} adoptionism ac:0g'jzpfonfh ueOD;umv&SdcJhaom
c&pfawmftaMumiftjrifudk
qefYusif&ef
usrf;pma&;ul;olrsm;onf
ti,ftm;jyifqifcJhMujcif;
vnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ rl&if;usrf;tm;&Sd&if;pGJ ,kHMunfrIESifh tnDjzpfap&efvkyfjcif;ESifhwlaom rluJGvufa&;usrf;
tawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdonf/ (Oxford University ykHESdyfwdkufrS 1993 wGif xkwfa0aom Bart D. Ehrman \ The
410

Orthodox Corruption of Scripture)

(aocsmoavmuf) owfrSwfonf/

pmrsufESm 90-91 Munfhyg/

UBS4 onf Theos udk "B"

tqifh

14;11 ]]taMumif;rlum; ormusrf;pm a&;onfrSm}} if;rSm PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATILVE jzpfonf/

if;0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom "ra[mif;usrf;udk udk;um;&m okH;aom a[jAJ txl;tokH;tEIef;wpfckjzpfonf/
if;rSm a[&Sm 45;23udk &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfjyD; zd2;10-11vnf; udk;um;onf/
]]igtouf&Sifonfjzpf}} if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ y#dOmOfcHemrawmf YHWH udk rlwnfaom usdefqdkjcif;

pum;vkH;wpfckjzpfonf/ if;rSm ]]jzpfjcif;^&Sdjcif;jy}} a[jAJMwd,m verb "to be" jzpfonf/ (xGuf 3;14)/
olonf tpOftouf&Sifol? wpfyg;wnf;omvQif touf&Sifaeolbk&m;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh olonf
rdrdjzpfwnfaejcif;tm; taMumif;jyKusdefqdkjcif;jzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;emrawmfrsm; 9;29
Munfhyg/
14;12
]]odkYjzpf
igwdkYwpfa,mufpDonf
rdrdtaMumif;tm;
bk&m;ocifxHtpD&ifcH&Muvdrfhrnf/}}
c&pf,mefwdkYonf w&m;pD&ifcHMurnfjzpfum (2aum 5;10) a0zefjypfwifolnDtpfudkrsm; if;wdkYtxJ yg0if
fMuayrnf/ tcsKda&S;a[mif;*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;onf ]]bk&m;ocifxH}} pum;pktm; csefvSpfxm;cJhMuonf/
usrf;pum; tquftpyfoabmonf xdkpum;pktwdkif;qdkvdkaMumif; ay:vGifonf/ xdkuJGvTJrIrSm ti,f 10&Sd
uJGvTJrIykHpHrsKd;jzpfEdkifonf/ USS4 onf if;udk yg0ifapum? (MSS Aleph, A,B,C,D) "C" tqifh
(qkH;jzwf&efcufcJ) owfrSwfonf/

a&mr 14;13-23 tm; usrf;pum; tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;

u/ c&pf,mefrsm; rnfuJhodkY tcsif;csif;jyKrIqufqH&rnftaMumif;ti,f 1-12 pwifonf/ if;rSm
c&pf,mefwpfOD;csif; &Sdaom ykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;tm; tjynfht0 wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; vufcHMu&efjzpfonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf olwdkY\ wpfyg;wnf;aom t&Sif ocifESifh w&m;olMuD;jzpfol c&pfawmfonf
txufygtkyfpkESpfckpvkH;tm; tjynfht0vufcHxm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ wpfa,muftwGuf 0dnmOfa&;
tvGef t"dyg,f&Sdaom t&mwpfckonf tjcm;wpfa,muftwGuf t"dyg,f r&Sdjzpfavh&Sdwwfonf/
taMumif;rSm wpfOD;csif;\ twdwfb0? olwdkYcsif;\ vlyk*dKvfykHpH? olwdkY\ rdbrsm;? olwdkY\
MudKufESpfoufrIESifh olwdkY\ tawG;tMuHK....ponfwdkYrwlaomaMumifhwnf;/
c/ c&pf,mef vGwfvyfrIESifh wm0ef0w&m;taMumif; aqG;aEG;rI\ 'kwd,tydkif;jzpfaom usrf;ydk'frsm;
xdktaMumif;t&mudk uJGjym;jcm;em;aom IaxmifhwpfrsKd;jzifh aqG;aEG;wifjyonf/ usrf;ydk'f ajymonfrSm
,kHMunfolonf bk&m;ociftm; c&pfawmftxJrS cspfaMumif;jzpfum? if;rSm rdrdc&pf,mefjzpfazmfjzpfbuf
rsm;udk
cspf&jcif;taMumif;&if;jzpfonf/
a,Ionf
,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf
rdrdtoufudk
pGefYvGwfonfenf;wl? olwdkYonfvnf; tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfaom? olwdkYtwGuf a,ItaocH&m
olrsm;twGuf rdrdwdkY\ vGwfvyfcGifhudk pGefYvGwfMu&efjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;13-14/ 1a,m 3;16)/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf r,kHMunfolrsm;ESifhqufqH&m cspfjcif;arwmay: tajcjyKaMumif; 13;8-10
tav;teufajymonf enf;wl? taMumif;t&monfvnf; cspfjcif;arwmudk c&pf,meftoufwm
jzpfay:apaom taMumif;&if;tjzpf tav;teufjyKonf/
*/ kyfavmu&Sdt&mtm;vkH;oefY&Sif;onf[laom ormw&m;rSm tcsKdUc&pf,mefrsm;twGuf vufcH&ef tvGef
cufcJonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;yifvQif tjypfaMumifhjypfwifcH&jcif; rdrdudk,f rdrdjypfwif&rnfhtpm;?
411

t&m0wKrsm;udk tjypfwifwwfMuonf/ t&mtm;vkH;oefY&Sif;aMumif; aygvkrjywfrvyfazmfjyavh&Sdonf/

(14;14?20/ 1aum 6;12/ 10;25-26/ 1wd 4;4/ wduk 1;15)/ olYazmfjyrIonf tpmtaMumif; a,I\
oGefoifrIESifh vdkufavsmnDaxGjzpfonf/ (rmuk 7;18-23)/ aumedavtm; bk&m;ocifvufcHaMumif;
oefY&Sif;aomtpm? roefY&Sif;aom tpm udpjzifh aywkudk &Sif;jyonf/ (wrefawmf 10;15)/
C/ u@rSm rlvtm;jzifh ]]tm;&SdolnDtpfudk}} tm;ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf ]]t&mtm;vkH;oefY&Sif;onf}}
[laom wpf0uf ormw&m;udk avQmhajymaomfvnf;? t&mtm;vkH;onfwnfaqmuf p&rjzpf (0g)
bk&m;ocif\ rdom;pktm; tusKd;ay;onfr[kwf[laom tqdkudk aygif;xnfhonf/ (1aum 6;12/20;23)
tm;&SdolnDtpfudk\ vGwfvyfrIonf tjcm; c&pf,mefrsm;udk tMuD;tus,fysufpD;oGm;apEdkifonf/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfrS wqifhESifh c&pfawmftwGuf rdrdwdkY nDtpfudkrsm;udk xdef;ausmif;&
olrsm;jzpfonf/
i/ tm;enf;olnDtpfudkonf 0dnmOfa&; MuD;xGm;vmum ]]tm;&SdolnDtpfudk}} jzpfvmvdrfhrnf [l
aygvkrzmfjyjcif; (0g) xdkoabmrygaMumif;rSm vGefpGm pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;onf/ aqG;aEG;csuf
wpfckvkH;onf aus;Zl;awmf MuD;xGm;jcif;taMumif;ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? c&pf,mefrsm;\ em;vnfoabm
aygufykHcsif; uJGjym;rIxuf cspfjcif;arwmonf ydk tvsifusaMumif; aqG;aEG;rIjzpfonf/
p/ xkdtkyfpkESpfckteufwpfckck ,kHMunfolrsm; yg0ifjcif;rSm ]]trSm;}} odkYr[kwf ]]trSef}} xuf vlwpfOD;csif;\
vlyk*dKvftrsKd;tpm;? bmoma&; oifwef;atmifjrifrIEiS fh wpfOD;csif;\ tawGYtMuHKudk ydk tajcjyKonf/
,kHMunfol\ wm0efrSm tjcm;olrsm;udk ajymif;vJap&efr[kwfbJ? tjcm;tkyfpktm; cspf&efESifh av;pm;&ef
jzpfonf/ if;rSm pdwfydkif;qdkif&mudpr[kwfbJ ESvkH;om;qdkif&mjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vkH;?
tkyfpkESpfckpvkH; cspfonf/ vufcHonf/ rdrdom;awmfudk ay;ygonf/

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 14;13-23

13

xdkYaMumifh tcsif;csif; w&m;pD&ifjcif;rjyKbJ? nDtpfudk\ vrf; twm;tqD;? odkYr[kwf

cvkwfwdkufrdp&m rxm;&ef pdwfqkH;jzwfMuukefthH/ 14rnfonfht&mrQ rdrdyuwdtm;jzifh roefY&Sif;[l r&SdaMumifh
ocifa,ItxJ igod oabmayguf\/ odkYaomf wpkHw&mtm; roefY&Sif;[k xifaom oltwGuf xdkt&monf
olYtwGuf roefY&Sif;acs/ 15taMumif;rIum; oif\ tpmaMumifh oif\ pdwfemygu? oifonf cspfjcif;
arwmESifhtnD usifhjcif;r[kwfawmhacs/ olYtwGuf c&pfawmf taocHcJholtm; oifhtpmjzifh rzsufqD;ygESifh/
16
xdkYaMumifh oifhtwGuf aumif;aomt&m wpfckonf uJh&JUjypfwifp&mrjzpfygapESifh/ 17taMumif;rlum;
bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmfonf tpm;taomufr[kwfbJ? ajzmifhrwfjcif;? jidrfoufjcif;ESifh oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;jzpf\/ 18taMumif;rlum; if;wdkYtm;jzifh c&pfawmfudk tapcHoludk
bk&m;ocifvufcHawmfrl vlrsm;vnf; ESpfoufMu\/ 19odkYjzpf jidrfoufjcif;ESifh tcsif;csif; aqmufwnf
fp&mjzpfapaomt&mrsm;udk rSDatmifvdkufpdkY/ 20bk&m;ocifvkyfaomt&mudk tpaMumifh rzsufqD;ygESifh/
21
t&mtm;vkH;trSefyif oefY&Sif;onf rSefaomfvnf; pm;olwyg;jypfrmS ;apaom olonf tjypf&Sd\/ oif\
nDtpfudktm; cvkwfwdkufvJapaom tom;pm;jcif;? pyspf&nfaomufjcif;rSp rnfonfht&mrQrjyK&ef
aumif;onf/ 22rSefonf[k rdrd,kHMunfaomt&mudk bk&m;ocifa&SUawmf rdrdem;vnf;oabmaygufonfh
twdkif;&Sdapavmh/ rdrdvufcHaom t&maMumifh rdrdudk,frdrdtjypfrwifaom olonf r*Fvm&Sd\/ 23odkYaomf
oHo,0ifaom
olonf
pm;ygu
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifhr[kwfojzifh
olYudk,foljypf'PfpD&if\/
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh jyKjcif;r[kwfaomt&m rSeforQtjypfjzpf\/
412

14;13 ]]tcsif;csif;w&m;pD&ifjcif;rjyKbJ}} if;rSm qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom tjyKtrIwpfcktm; &yfwHhjcif;udk

qdkvdkaom NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygaom PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE jzpfonf/ if;rSm MudKwif
owday;jcif;r[kwfbJ? wm;jrpfcsufjzpfonf/ ti,f 16ESifh tvGefqifwlonf/ ]]w&m;pD&if}} [laom
pum;vkH;udk tcef;i,f 1-12twGif; aygvk 5MudrfokH;cJhjyDjzpf&m? ,ckti,f 13;23 twGif; aemufxyf
av;MudrfokH;onf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / c&pf,mefrsm;tcsif;csif;w&m;pD&ifMuOD;rnfavm

taMumif;enf;vrf;ESpfrsKd;jzifh aqG;aEG;&ayrnf/
1/ ,kHMunfolrsm;tcsif;csif;rpD&ifMu&ef tMuHay;qkH;ronf (rJ 7;1-5/ vkum 6;37? 42/ a&mr 2;1-11/
,mukyf 4;11-12)/
2/ ,kHMunfolwdkYtm; acgif;aqmifrsm;udk wefbkd;jzwf&ef tMuHay;qkH;ronf/ (rJ 7;6? 15-16/ 1aum
14;29/ 1ouf 5;21/ 1wd 3;1-13ESifh 1a,m 4;1-6)/
aumif;rGefpGmwefbdk;jzwfEdkif&ef owfrSwfcsufpHEIef;tcsKdU&Sdonf/
1/ wefbkd;jzwfjcif;onf twnfjyK&ef &nf&G,fcsufjzpf&ygrnf/ (1a,m 4;1 ]]prf;oyf}} if;rSm
twnfjyKcsuftwGuf jzpfonf/)
2/ wefbkd;jzwfjcif;udk ESdrfhcsrIESifh El;nhHodrfarGUaom pdwfjzifh jyK&rnf (*v 6;1)
3/ wefbkd;jzwfjcif;onf vlyk*dKvftm; rsufESmvdkuf rjyK&/ (a&mr 14;1-23/ 1aum 8;1-13/ 10;2333)/
4/ wefbkd;jzwfjcif;onf toif;awmf (0g) todkif;t0dkif;twGif; ]]jypfwifa0zefjcif;rcH&ol}}
acgif;aqmifrnfolawGjzpfaMumif; owfrSwfazmfjyvdrfhrnf/ (1wdarmao 3)/

]]nDtpfudk\ vrf; twm;tqD;odkYr[kwf cvkwfwdkufrdp&m rxm;&ef}} if;rSm qufcJhjyDjzpfaom

tjyKtrlwpfcktm; &yfwHhapjcif;udk qdkvdk&mjzpfonfh NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygaom PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE

jzpfonf/ tvm;wlormw&m;tm; ti,f 21 ESifh 1aum 8;9vnf; azmfjyonf/
]]twm;tqD;}} [kqdk&mwGif vlwpfa,mufcvkwfwdkufvJap&ef vrf;ay:&SdwpkHw&mudk &nfnTef;onf/
]]cvkwfwdkufvJusapaom twm;tqD;}} qdkonfrSm wd&pmefudk tpmjzifh axmifzrf;aom ud&d,m\
cvkwfarmif;jzpfonf/
ae&mc&pf,mefrsm;udk wpfckwpfaygif;wnf;tjzpfIjrifonf/ uRefawmfwdkYrSm rdrdwdkY\ ,kHMunfazmf
,kHMunfzufrsm;tm; apmifhxdef;&olrsm;? tm;ay;&olrsm;ESifh? rdwfaqGrsm;jzpfMuonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm; [lonf
rdom;pkjzpfonf/
14;14
NASB ]]ocifa,ItxJ igod oabmayguf\/}}
NKJV
]]ocifa,Itm;jzifh igod oabmayguf\/}}
NRSV ]]ocifa,ItxJ igod aocsm\/}}
TEV ]]ocifa,IESifhtwl igaygif;pnf;jcif;onf ighudk aocsmodaponf/
NJB ]],ck igwu,fyif jynfhpkHpGm owdjyKrdum? ocifa,ItwGuf igajym\/}}

if;rSm oida \ PERFECT ACTIVE ykHpHjzpfum? PRESENT TENSE oabmjzihf PERFECT PASSIVE
INDICATIVE ESifhtwlwJG okH;onf/ t"dyg,fvkH;aphywfaphrSm ]]igonf od&SdcJhum? quf odaevsuf?
qufvuf oabmaygufonf}} [l jzpf\/ if;rSm ti,f 5 ESifh 22-23&Sd ormw&m;udk jyefvnfazmfjyjcif;
413

jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf 0dnmOfa&;udp&yfrsm;em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;rSm oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfrS

wqifha,IESifh olwdkY\ qufqHa&;tm;jzifh jzpfonf/ olwdkY&aom tvif;xJtouf&Sif&ef jzpfonf/
]]rnfonfht&mrQ yuwdtm;jzifh roefY&Sif;[l r&Sd}} oabmudk wref 10;9-16 &Sif;jyonf/

qkd;onfrSm t&m0wKrsm;r[kwfbJ? vlrsm;jzpfonf/ zefqif;onfht&mrsm; olY[mESifholYqdk;onf [l r&Sdacs/

(i,f 20/ rmuk 7;18-23/ 1aum 10;25-26/ 1wd 4;4 ESifh wdwk 1;15)
]]odkYaomf wpHkw&mtm; roefY&Sif;[k xifaom oltwGuf xdkt&monf olYtwGuf roefY&Sif;acs/}} if;onf

bmoma&;tm;jzifh roefY&Sif;rIudk qdkvdkonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ tjyKtrlrsm;udk rdrdwdkY\

aumif;qdk;cJGjcm;odjrifwwfaom pdwf (twGif;pdwf^ Mowypdwf) tm;jzifh wefbdk;jzwfMu&rnfjzpfonf/ (i,f 5?
22-23) taMumif;t&mwpfckck (0g) rdrdtjyKtrlwpfckckaMumifh txifvTJcH&vQifyif? bk&m;ocif\
a&SUawmfarSmuf rdrd&&Sdaom tvif;xJoGm;&ef jzpfonf/ xdkenf;wl tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;udkvnf;?
rdrd&aomtvif;tm;jzifh pD&ifjcif;udk txl;ojzifh roJuJGaom u@rsm; rjyK&acs/ (14;1?3?4?10?13)/
14;15 ]]taMumif;rlum;? oif\ p&maMumifh oif\ nDtpfudk pdwfemygu}} yxrwef;pmcRif;csufyg
0gusrsKd;jzpfum? pma&;ol\ tjrif rSefonf[k ,lqaom (0g) ol\ pma&;[efjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkY\
touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHudk qkH;jzwfay;onfrSm tcGifhta&;rsm;r[kwfcspfjcif;arwmjzpfonf/ vGwfvyfjcif;r[kwfbJ?
wm0ef0w&m;jzpfonf/
if;onf (1) *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ tpmqdkif&mynwfcsufrsm; (0wfjyK 11) odkYr[kwf (2) kyfwkrsm;udk
ylaZmfaom tom;rsm; (1aum 8-10) wpfckckESifh qdkifonf/ ormw&m;udk ti,f 20 onf &Sif;vif;pGm
azmfjyonf/
]]oifonf cspfjcif;arwmESifhtnD usifhjcif;r[kwfawmhacs/}} if;udk ]]vGwfvyfjcif;\ w&m;Oya'}}

(,mukyf 1;25/ 3;12) odkYr[kwf a&Tynwfawmf}} (,mukyf 2;5) odkYr[kwf ]]c&pfawmf\ ynwfawm}} (*v 6;2)
[k ac:onf/ if;wdkYonfyif y#dnOfw&m;opf\ wm0efrsm;ESifh vrf;nTefrsm;jzpfonf
NASB, NRJV ]]olYtwGuf c&pfawmf taocHcJholtm; oifhtpmjzifh rzsufpD;ESifh}}
NRSV
]]oifpm;onfh t&monf olYtwGuf c&pfawmftaocHol\ zsufpD;&mzsufpD;aMumif; rjzpfapESifh}}
TEV
]]oifpm;onfhtpmtm; olYtwGuf c&pfawmf taocHaom oltm; rzsufpD;apESifh}}
NJB
]]olYtwGuf c&pfawmf taocHaom olwpfa,mufa,muftm; ysufpD;apEdkifrnfqdkygu? oifonf

rdrdpm;csif&mudk pm;ydkifcGifhvkH;0r&Sd}}
if;rSm qufuyfcJhjyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfck&yfwHhvdkufonf[k t"dyg,f&Sdaom NAGATIVE PARTICLE
ygonfh PRESENT IMPERATIVE jzpfonf/ if;rSm tvGefjyif;xefaom pum;pkjzpfonf/ tcsKdUc&pf,mefrsm;\
vGwfvyfrIonftjcm;c&pf,mefrsm;udk zsufqD;jcif;rjzpf&acs/ odkY qdk&m u,fwifjcif; qkH;H;jcif;r[kwfbJ
jidrfoufjcif;? pdwfcsrIESifh trIawmf xda&mufrIwdkYudk &nfnTef;onf/ F.F. Bruce a&;om;aom Answer to
Questions pmrsufESm 88-89 Munfhyg/
]]zsufqD;}} onf [laom *&dpum lupe rSm ]]pdwfem? 0rf;enf; (0g) a0'emjzpfaponf}} [k
t"dyg,f&Sdonf/ (LXX xdkYtwljzpfonf) aygvkonf xdkpum;vkH;udk trsm;tm;jzifh 2aum&dEK (2;2? 4?5/
6;10/ 7;8?9?11) okH;onf/ zsufqD;onfqdkaompum;vkH;rSmvnf; jyif;xefaom bmomjyefrI wpfckjzpfonf/
if;onf u,fwifjcif; qkH;H;onf[k qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfbJ? rdrd\ aumif;qdk;cJGjcm;od&SdrI (vdyfjympdwf) udk
414

usL;vGefjcif;tay:oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ oabmaygufaprI zsufqD;cH&jcif;? qkH;H;vufvGwfoGm;jcif;udk

qdkvdkonf/ ,kHMunfol\ tjyKtrlonf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh r[kwfygu? if;rSm tjypfjzpfonf/ (i,f 23)
14;16
NASB
]]oifhtwGuf aumif;aomt&mwpfct
k m; jypfwifcHp&mrjzpfygapESifh/}}
NKJV NRSV ]]oif\ aumif;rIonf jypfwifcHp&mrjzpfygapESifh/
TEV
]]aumif;onf[k oifrSwf,laomt&monf emrnf ysufp&mrjzpfygapESifh/}}
NJB
]]rdrd&&Sdaom tcGifhxl;udk ravQmhcsygESifh/}}

if;rSm qufuyfcJhjyD; jzpfaom vkyfaqmifrI wpfck&yfwHhvdkufonf[k t"dyg,f&Sdaom NEGATIVE

PARTICLE
ygonfh
PRESENT
PASSIVE
IMPERATIVE
jzpfonf/
vGwfvyfrI[lonf
vG,fvifhwulyi?fvkyfyfkifcGifhjzpfoGm;Edkifonf
usrf;ydk'f ]]aumif;aomt&m}} qdk&m tm;aumif;aom ,kHMunfol\ tjyKtrludk ac:onf/
tm;aumif;ol c&pf,mefonf rdrd\ vGwfvyfrltm;? tm;enf;olrsm;udk tysufoabmxdcdkufapum?
0dnmOfa&;&m ysufpD;rIjzpfapaom enf;vrf;rsKd;jzifh tokH;jyKygu ]]aumif;aomt&m}} onf raumif;rItwGuf
tcGifhaumif;wpf&yfjzpfvmonf
usrf;csufonf c&pf,mef tcsif;csif; rnfuJhodkY jyKrIqufqH&rnftaMumif;tmkHjyK&mrS
r,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf pdk;&drfjcif;odkY ajymif;vJoGm;onfESifhwl\/ (ti,f 18)/ Mud,mrSm ]]bk&m;udk
vGefusL;ajymqdkjcif;}} "blasphemy" rS ,lxm;jcif;jzpfum; r,kHMunfolrsm; okH;avh&Sdaom
pum;vkH;jzpfonf/
14;17 ]]bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmf}} if;rSm a&mrMo0g'wpfusrf;vkH; wpfckwnf; &Sdaom pum;pkjzpfonf/
if;rSm a,IrMumcPokH;aomtaMumif;t&m jzpfonf/ if;rSm ,ck umvwGif t&yf&Sdonf enf;wl
tem*wfumv jynfhpkHvmOD;rnfvnf;jzpfonf/ (rJ 6;10)
c&pfawmf\f ukd,fcEmtxJ wpfpkwaygif;wnf;aomtoufonf vlyk*dKvfwpfOD;csif; vGwfvyfrItm;
usifhokH;rIxuf ydkrdkwefbkd;MuD;ygonf/ atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mudk Munfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmf

"ra[mif;usrf;wGif YHWH udk tpa&;\ &Sib

f k&iftjzpfEiS hf (1"r 8;7/ qmvH 10;16/ 24;7-9/ 29;10/
44;4/ 89;18/ 95;3/ a[&Sm 43;15/ 44;4? 6 vnf;aumif; pHjy&Sifbk&if ar&Sd,tjzpfvnf;aumif;
cH,lxm;onf/ (qmvH 2;6/ a[&Sm 9;6-7/ 11;1-5)/ AufvifjrdKU a,IzGm;jrifawmfrljcif;ESifhtwl (6-4bD?pD)
bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmfonf vlYordkif;xJ topfaom cGeftm;ESifh a&G;EIwfjcif;jzifh t&Sdeft[kefESifh
xdk;azguf0ifa&mufvmonf/ (a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;27-36) ESpfjcif;q&ma,m[efonf EdkifiHawmf
fwnfaxmifcgeD;aMumif; a<u;aMumfcJhonf/ (rJ 3;2/ rmuk 1;15)/ rdrdtxJvnf;aumif;?
rdrdoGefoifrIrsm;vnf;aumif; EdkifiHawmf&SdaeaMumifh a,I&Sif;vif;pGm oGefoifonf/ (rJ 4;17? 23/ 9;35/
10;9?11;11-12/ 12;28/16;19/ rmuk 12;34/ vkum 10;9? 11/11;20/12;31-32/ 16;16/ 17;21)/ odkYaomf
EdkifiHawmfonf tem*wfvnf; &Sdaeao;onf/ (rJ 16;28/ 24;14/ 26;29/ rmuk 9;1/ vkum 21;31/
22;16? 18)
qifwl c&pf0ifusrf; (synoptic gospel) rsm;jzpfaom rmukESifh vkum c&pf0ifusrf;rsm; ]]bk&m;ocif\
EdkifiHawmf}} [laom pum;pkawGU&onf/ a,I\ oGefoifaeus taMumif;t&m ,ckvuf&Sd vlom;\
ESvkH;om;xJ bk&m;ocif\ pkd;pHrItaMumif; yg0ifjyD;? if;onf wpfaeYaomtcg usvQif wpfurmvkH;
vTrf;jcHKoGm;vdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ if;rSm rJ 6;10 u a,I qkawmif;jcif; ay:vGifonf/ rJurl
415

*sL;rsm;twGuf a&;om;jcif;jzpf bk&m;ocif\ emrawmfudk rokH;jcif;tm; ydkrdkESpfoufonf/ (aumif;uif

EdkifiHawmf) rmukESifh vkumwdkYonf wyg; trsKdk;om;rsm;twGuf a&;om;Mujcif;jzpf bk&m;emrawmfudk okH;um?
okH;aeustwdkif; azmfjyonf/
odkYjzifh pum;pkrSm qifwl c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;\ t"du aomhcsufwpfckjzpfonf/ a,I\ yxrqkH;ESifh
aemufqkH;w&m;a'oemawmfrsm;ESifh ol\ Oyrm pum;trsm;pkwdkY taMumif;t&mudkyif ajymygonf/
if;onf vlom;\ pdwfESvkH;xJ bk&m;ocif\ ,ckpkd;pHjcif;udk &nfnGef;onf/ a,m[efonf pum;pkudk
ESpfMudrfomvQif okH;jcif;rSm tHhMop&mjzpfonf/ (a,Iajymaom Oyrmrsm; rokH;cJhacs)? a,m[ef\ c&pf0ifusrf;
]]xm0&touf}} rSm t"du aomhcsuf wifpm;rIjzpfonf/
c&pfawmf <uvmjcif; ESpfMudrfjzpfaejcif;aMumifh pum;pkESifhqdkif wif;rmrIjzpfay:aponf/
"ra[mif;usrf;onf bk&m;ocif\ ar&Sd, Muvmjcif; wpfckudk omvQif pl;pdkufum? ppfa&;? w&m;pD&ifa&;ESifh
bkef;wefcdk;awmfjzifh <uvmjcif;jzpfaomfvnf;? "ropfusrf;url? yxrtMudrf a[&Sm,53 &Sd 'kuqif;&JcHaom
tapcHtjzpfESifhvnf;aumif;? Zmc&d 9;9 &Sd ESdrfhcsaom &Sifbk&iftjzpfESifhvnf;aumif; <uvmaMumif; azmfjyonf/
*sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\
uyfumvESpfckjzpfaom
qdk;oGrf;jcif;
uyfumvESifh
ajzmifhrwfjcif;uyfumvwdkYrSm
xyfvsuf&Sdonf/ a,Ionf ,ckvuf&Sd ,kHMunfolrsm;\ pdwfESvkH;xJpkd;pHaeaomfvnf;? wpfaeYaomtcg
usvQif zefqif;aomt&m wpfckvkH;tm; tkyfpkd;ayrnf/ olonf "ra[mif;usrf;\ Asm'dwfawmftwdkif;
<uvmvdrfhrnf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYrSm ]]&SdcJhjyDjzpfaom}} ESifh ]]rjzpf&ao;aom}} bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmftwGif;
&SdaeMuonf/ (Gordon D. Fee ESihf Douglas Stuart wdkY\ How to Read The Bible For All Its Worth, pp. 131134)
]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;? jidrfoufjcif;ESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;}} t&nftcsif;rsm;udk

,kHMunfolwpfOD;csif;ESifh ,kHMunfoltodkif;t0kdif; ay;olrSm 0dnmOfawmfjzpfonf/ if;wdkYrSm bk&m;ocif\

rdom;pktwGuf twGif;tjyifMuifvifvuPmrsm;jzpfonf/
]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;}} [laom a0g[m&udk ae&m txl;t"dyg,fjzifh aygvkokH;onf/ txl;taMumif;
t&m 1;17 Munfhyg/ aygvkonf xkdpum;vkH;udk ,kHMunfoltwGuf bk&m;ocifoGif;ay;aom ajzmifhrwfjcif;udk
azmfjy&m okH;avh&Sdonf/ if;rSm ,kHMunfol&&Sdaom tjypfvGwfjcif;ESifh c&pfawmftxJ &yfwnfrI (3;21-31/ 4)
udk bk&m;ocifonf w&m;Oya'ESifhtnD (w&m;kH;awmfESifhqkdif) aMumfjimjcif;jzpfonf/ tjypfjynhfol vlom;udk
ajzmifhrwf oltjzpf rSwf,lvkdufkHomru? olwdkYrSm vufawGUajzmifhrwfolrsm;jzpfvmMu&efvnf; jzpfonf/
if;rSm vufaqmifwpfckjzpfum? yef;wdkifwpfckvnf;jzpfonf/ tjzpfrSef (INDICTIVE) ESifh apcdkif;jcif;
(IMPERATIVE)? ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh touf&SifrIjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4 Munfhyg/
14;18 ydk tm;enf;ol ,kHMunfolrsm;udk axmuf? ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYt vGwfvyfcGifhudk rdrd[m
rdrduefYowfvdkufjcif;rSm c&pfawmfukd,fwdkiftm; tapcHjcif;jzpfonf/ olwdkYtwGuf c&pfawmf taocHaom
vlwdkYtm; cspfjcif;? *kpdkufjcif;? tumtuG,fay;jcif;xuf a,Iudk rdrdcspfaMumif;ydk cdkifrmpGm
twnfjyKaomt&m r&SdawmfhjyD/
]]vlrsm;vnf;

ESpfoufMu\/}} c&pf,mefrsm; tcsif;csif; cspfMujcif;onf r,kHMunfolrsm;twGif;

trIawmfvkyfief;ESifh oufaocH&ef vrf;zGifhay;Edkifaom enf;vrf;wpfrsKd;jzpfEdkifonf/ (ti,f 16/ 2aum 8;21/
1ay 2;12)/ ,kHMunfjcif; todkif;t0dkif;twGuf rdrw
d dkY tcsif;csif;rnfodkYjyKrlMuaMumif;onf tjyKoabm?
tysufoabmESpfrsKd; wefcdk;&Sdaom oufaocHjcif;jzpfygonf/

14;19 ]]rSDatmifvdkufMupdkY}} "ra[mif; pumvkH;wJG (tD'D,H) dioko udk *&d"ra[mif; Septuagint enf;wl
aygvk a&;aompmrsm; awGU&avh&Sdum ]]pdwfapmpGmvdkufonf}} odkYr[kwf ]]&&Sd&ef pdwftm;xufoefpGm
416

tm;xkwfon}}f [k qdkvdkonf/ aygvkonf pum;vkH;udk a&mr 9;30? 31/ 12;13 wdkYESifh ae&m
]]vdkufonf}} [laom t"dyg,fjzifh okH;aomfvnf; 12;14 rI,kHMunfolrsm;udk nTef;qJolrsm;tm; ajym&m
okH;onf/ (1aum 4;12/ rdrdudk,fwdkifudk &nfnTef; 15;9/ 2aum 4;9/ *v 1;13? 23/ zd 3;6)
(MSS Aleph, A, B, F, G, L & P) odkYr[kwf
4
SUBJUNCTIVE (MSS C,D) udk IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;jcif;wpfckckjzpfonf/ UBS onf

if;rSm

PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE

PRESENT ACTIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE

udk

okH;aomfvnf; "D" tqifh (tvGefc,Of;)owfrSwfonf/

c&pf,mefrsm; vdkuf&rnfh t&mrsm;rSm
1/ {nfh0wfausyGefjcif;? 12;13
2/ jidrfoufjcif;ESifh tcsif;csif;aqmufwnfp&mjzpfaomt&mrsm;? 14;19
3/ cspfjcif;arwm? 1aum 14;1
4/ c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;? zd 3;12?14
5/ tcsif;csif;ESifh vltm;vkH;twGuf aumif;aomt&m? 1ouf 5;15
6/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;? bk&m;w&m;ESifhtnD touf&Sifjcif; ,kHMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;arwmpGJjrJjcif;ESifh El;nHh
odrfarGYjcif; 1wd 6;11
7/ pifMu,faom ESvkH;om;jzifh ocifbk&m;udk ac:aomolrsm;ESifhtwl ajzmifhrwfjcif;? ,kHMunfjcif;?
cspfjcif;arwmESifh jidrf;oufjcif; 2wd 2;22
]]jidrfoufjcif;ESifh

tcsif;csif; aqmufwnfp&mjzpfapaom}} if;onf t&m&mwdkif; ,kHMunfol\

yef;wdkifjzpf&ygrnf/ (qmvH 34;14/ a[jAJ 12;14)/ vlwpfa,muf\ vGwfvyfrIESifh "roabmw&m;qdkif&m
em;vnf;od&SdrIonf c&pfawmf\ udk,fcEmMuD;xGm;jcif;ESifh cdkifcefYjcif;twGuf jzpf&ygrnf/ (15;2/ 1aum 6;12/
14;26/ {zuf 4;12)/ txl;taMumif;t&m / / aqmufwnfjcif; 15;2 Munfhyg/

14;20 ]]bk&m;ocif\ tvkyfudk ... rzsufqD;ygESifh}} if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfjyD;
qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrI wpfckudk &yfwHhaponf[k t"dyg,f&Sdonf/ if;rSm tm;aumif;aom
aygif;pyfMwd,m (kata taygif; luo) jzpfonf/ aygvk a&;aom pmrsm; okH;MudrfomvQif okH;onf/ (2aum 5;1
aojcif;twGuf okH;um? *v 2;18 usrf;ydk'f\ t"dyg,fjzifhyif okH;jyD; ]]zsufqD;onf}} [l jzpf\/) ti,f
19&Sd ]]aqmufwnf}} ESifh ]]jzdKzsuf}} [k t"dyg,f&Sdaom pum;vkH;wdkYudk tenf;i,f upm;xm;onf/ ESpfckpvkH;
aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;jzifh wifpm;rIrsm;jzpfonf/
usrf;ydk'f ]]bk&m;ocif\tvkyf}} qdo
k nfrSm tb,fenf; if;onf &ifhusufjcif;udk
&nfnTefjcif;rjzpfEdkifaomfvnf; ]]tm;enf;ol}} ,kHMunfolrsm; toufwm 0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfaqmifrIudk
&nfnTef;onf/ usrf;ydk'fjzpfap 1aum&dEK 8-10 jzpfap aygvkajyonfrSm tkyfpkwpfckonf tjcm;tkyfpk
kwpfcktm; ykHo@mef ajymif;vJvm&ef ulnD&rnftaMumif;yif jzpfonf
]]t&mtm;vkH;trSefyif oefY&Sif;onf}} ti,f 14\ rSwfcsuf Munfhyg/

NASB ]]pm; olwyg;tm; jypfrSm;apaom olonf tjypf&Sd\/}}

NKJV ]]jypfrSm;jcif;ESifh pm;aom olonf tjypf&Sd\/
NRSV ]]oifpm;aom t&maMumifh tjcm;olrsm;vJapygu wpfckcktm; pm;jcif;onfrSm;\/
TEV ]]tjcm;olwpfa,mufa,muftjypfxJusap&ef wpfckcktm;pm;jcif;onfrSm;,Gif;\/}}

417

]]pm;jcif;tm;jzifh tjcm;olwpfa,mufa,mufvJusapygu tjypfjzpfonf/

tcef;i,fonf tcef;MuD;\ t"du ormw&m;jzpfonf/ (1aum 10;25-26/ wduk 1;15)
if;onf kyfwkylaZmf&mtom;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (1aum&dEK 8-10)/ tom;onf aumif;onf
qdk;onfr[kwfbJ? xdktom;rsKd;rpm;oifh[k xifol? tm;enf;aom ,kHMunfolwpfa,mufonf xdktom;rsKd;tm;
c&pf,mefwpfa,mufpm;onfudkjrifum? pm;vnf;pm;vkdufygu? udk,fusifhw&m; taumif;? tqdk; [l
r[kwfbJ? Mum;aejzpfaom xdktom;rSm raumif;aomtom;jzpfoGm;onf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf bk&m;ocif\
tvdkawmfudk ydkif;jcm;od&SdrItm; azgufzsufapaomt&mjzpfvmaom aMumifhwnf;/ (i,f23)
t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;trsm;pkwdkYonf pum;pkudk ]]tm;aumif;aom nDtpfudk}} ESifh qufpyfMuonf/
taMumif;rSm olpm;vdkufaomt&monf tm;enf;aom ,kHMunfoludk vGrf;rkd;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ umodkvpf
bmomjyefusrf;jzpfonfh New American Bible f pm;aomt&monf ol\ taumif;tqdk;cJGjcm;wwfaom
pdwfudk jypfrSm;apaomtcg pm;aomoltwGuf rSm;,Gif;rIjzpfonf[k bmomjyefum? ]]tm;enf;aom ,kHMunfol}}
ESifh qufpyfonf/ taMumif;t&moabmt& yxr bmomjyefrIrSm taumif;qkH;jzpfae[ef&Sdaomfvnf;?
qdkvdk&if;roJruJGjzpfaejcif;rSm
ESpfrsKd;pvkH;&nfnTef;jcif;tjzpf
&nf&G,f
wrifoufouf
xdktwdkifxm;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ i,f 22;23
NJB

14;21 if;rSm ]]tm;aumif;aom nDtpfudkrsm;}} udk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ if;rSm tcsKdUaom tpm;taomufrsm;

]]vkH;0a&Smifjcif;}} "roabmw&m;twGuf wpfckwnf;aom ormusrf;pmxJutajccHjzpfonf/ c&pf,mef
rsm;onf rdrdwdkY c&pf,mef nDtpfudk rsm;ESifh pdwf&if;jzifh pl;prf;avhvmolrsm; (r,kHMunfolrsm;) udk axmufxm;
aomtm;jzifh rdrdwdkY\ vGwfvyfcGifhtm; vdktyfovdk uefYowfxm;&ygrnf/ rdrdudk,f rdrduefYowf
fjcif;qdkif&mrsm;pGmwdkYonf "avhxkH;pHqdkif&m? ae&ma'o (0g) *kdPf;*eqdkif&mwdkY awGU&onf/
if;rSm NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygaom AORIST ACTIVE INFINITIVES ESpfckjzpfjyD; ]]tjyKtrlwpfcktm;
rnfonfh tcgrQ rpwif}} [k t"dyg,f&Sdonf/ AORIST onf tcsKdUaomtcg or,rsKd; (1aum&dEK 8;10)
twGufomjzpfonf[k teufzGifhMuonf/ tpm;tomuf[lonf wm;qD;ydwfyif&aomt&m r[kwfaMumif;
xif&Sm;onf/
14;22
]]rSefonf[k rdrd,kHMunfonfht&mudk bk&m;ocif a&SUawmf rdrdem;vnfoabmaygufonfhtwdkif
&Sdapavmh/ rdrdvufcHaomt&maMumifh rdrdudk,frdrdtjypfrwifaom olonf r*Fvm&dS\/}}
NKJV ]]rSefonf[k ,kHMunfygovm; if;udk bk&m;ocifa&SUawmf oifhtwGuf jzpfapavmh/ rdrdvufcHaom
t&maMumifh rdrdudk,frdrdtjypfrwifaom olonf r*Fvm&Sd\/}}
NRSV ]]rSefonf[k rdrd,kHMunfaomt&mudk rdrdem;vnf oabmaygufonftwdkif; bk&m;ocifa&SUawmf
&Sdapavmh/ rdrdvufcHxm;aomt&maMumifh rdrdudk,frdrdtjypfwifp&mr&Sdolrsm;rSm r*Fvm&Sd olrsm;
jzpfMu\/}}
TEV
]]udptrSef[k rdrd,kHMunfonfht&mudk rdrdESifh bk&m;ociftMum; odrf;xm;avmh/ wpkHw&mtm;
rSefonf[k pD&ifqkH;jzwfonfhtcg rSm;onf[k rcHpm;olrsm;onf r*Fvm&Sdolrsm;jzpfMu\/
NJB
]]rSefonf[k rdrd,kHMunfaomt&mudk rdrdESifh bk&m;ociftMum;&Sdapavmh/ rdrdudk,frdrdtjypf rwifb?J
qkH;jzwfcsufcsEdkifoludk uHaumif;onf[k rSwf,lavmh/}}
,kHMunfolonf rdrdtm; 0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifonfhtwdkif; ormusrf;pmtm;jzifh &&Sdonfh Mowypdwf\
tvif;twdkif;touf&Sif&rnf [laomtcsufudk pum;pkonf twnfjyKay;ygonf/ (i,f 5)/ olwdkYonf
rdrd&&Sdaom tvif;twdkif; avQmuf&rnfjzpfaomfvnf;? rdrd\ ,kHMunfazmf ,kHMunfzufrsm;\ ,kHMunfrIudk
NASB

418

zsufpD;&efr[kwfacs/ ti,f 22 onf ]] tm;&Sdolnt

D pfudk}} tm;&nfnTef;jyD;? tcef;i,f 23 u rI
]]tm;enf;aomnDtpfudk}} tm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
ti,f 22\ tp rIuJG vufa&;usrf;&Sdonf/ NKJV rSm uJhodkY ar;cGef;odkYr[kwf azmfjycsuf (NASB,
NRSV, TEV ESifh NJB) vnf;jzpfEdkifygonf/
]]vufcHaomt&m}} txl;taMumif;t&m 2;18 Munfhyg/

14;23 ]]oHo,0ifaom olonf}} if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE PARTICIPLE

pdwftaESmifht&SufjzpfrIvGefuJaom c&pf,mefrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ i,f 3/
]]jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;cH\}} if;rSm kata + krino rS qif;oufaom

jzpfonf/

PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE

if;onf
jzpfonf/

t"dyg,frSm
1/ ]]qefYusifbufoabmudk jyvsuf? tjypf&Sdoljzpfaponf}} (Harold K. Moulton, The Analytical Greek
Lexicon Revised. p. 216)/
2/ jypf'PfrpD&ifaomfvnf; pD&ifcsufcsjyD;aemuf qkH;rjcif;vdkufvmonf/ (a&mr 5;16? 18/ 8;1/ Moulton and
Miligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testment, p. 328)
ae&m qdkvdkonfrSm rdrd\ Mowypdwftm; usL;vGefjcif;ESifh xdktjypfudk oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf
azmfjyem;vnfaponfhtcg jzpfay:vmaom a0'emjzpfonf/
]]pm;ygu}} if;rSm wwd,wef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/
]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhr[kwfaomt&m rSeforQtjypfjzpf\/}} ormusrf;pm t"dyg,foJuJGpGm razmfjyaom

u@rsm; tjypf[lonf ynwfw&m;usL;vGefjcif;r[kwfbJ? rdrd\ Mowypdwf (vdyfjym pdwf) tm;

usL;vGefjcif;jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrd&&Sdaom tvif;w&m;udk vdkuf&rnfjzpfjyD;? ormusrfpmESifh
0dnmOfawmfrS tvif;ydkrdk&&Sd&ef tjrJwrf;vrf;zGifhxm;&onf/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmftm; em;vnf oabmaygufjcif;udk vkduf jyKrIMuonf/
ormusrf;pm t"dyg,f oJuJGpGm razmfjyaom taMumif;t&mrsm; tay:rwlnDaom tjri;fESpfrsKd;pvkH;udk
pJGudkifum? ESpfckpvkH;tvdkawmftwdkif; jzpfjcif;rsKd; onfvnf; &ifhusufol ,kHMunfolrsm; jzpfEdkifonf/
tcsKdY*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm; tcef;MuD; 14tqkH; bkef;awmfbJGUyg&Sdonf/ tcsKdUwGif ae&mESpfckpvkH;

&Sdonf/ aypmusrf; p46 rI if;udk tcef;MuD; 15 tqkH; xm;onf/ a&mrMo0g'pm\ tpOftvm*&d

vufa&;usrf; bkef;awmfbJGUudk ae&majcmufck awGU&onf/ tjynfhtpkH aqG;aEG;rItwGuf United Bible
Societies rS xkwfapaom Bruce M. Metzger \ A Textual Commantary of the Greek New Testament, pp.
533-536 Munfhyg/ xdkoDtdk&Drsm;\ tusOf;csKyfrSm odkYjzpfonf/
1/ ueOD; a&mrjrdKUwGif t,l0g'vTJrSm; olwpfa,mufjzpfaom Marcion onf a&mr Mo0g'pm\
aemufqkH;tcef;MuD;ESpfcef;tm; z,fxkwfvdkufonf[k Origen u ajymygonf/ if;onf tcef;MuD;
14 bkef;awmfbJGU&Sd&jcif;taMumif;&i;fjzpfayrnf/
2/ tcsKdUusrf;pmavhvmolrsm;url aygvkonf a&mrMo0g'pmykHpHwpfrsKd;jzpfonfh tcef;MuD; 1-14 udk
a&mrjrdKYodkY ydkY&ef a&;om;cJh&m? aemufydkif; xdkpmudkyif {zufjrdKUodkYvnf; ydkY&efvdktyfonf[k odjrifcJhonf/
if;rSm tcef;MuD; 1-16 tjynfhtjzpfonf[kqdkMuonf/ wpfOD;csif;tm; EIwfquf jcif;pm&if;
t&SnfMuD;onf (tcef;MuD;16) {zufjrdKUudk xif[yfapjyD;? a&mrjrdKUESifh rIqDavsmfjcif;r&Sdacs/
419

3/ tmukvESifh jypfudkvwdkYrSm a&mrjrdKUodkY jyefoGm;cJhMuaMumif; rSwfwrf;r&SdcJhbl;bJ? {zufjrdKUom

aeoGm;cJhaomaMumifh tcef;MuD; 16 &Sd EIwfqufjcif;rSm a&mrjrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:&Sd ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf
jzpfonf/ ({zufjrdKU ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf)
4/ xdk bkef;awmfbJGUonf rl&if; rygbJ? aemufydkif;wGif usrf;ul;q&mrsm;onf toif;awmf0wfjyK
pnf;a0;rsm; zwf&Gwf&ef jznfhpGufMujcif;jzpfonf/
M.R. Vincent, Word Studies, Vol, 2 pdwf0ifpm;p&m rSwfcsufwpfckawGU&onfrSm
]]oDtdk&Drsm;ESifh acgif;rmpGm qefYusifonfrmS ? ,ckxd pkaqmif;od&SdcJh&orQ aygvk\ pmrsm;
(okH;&mcefY) tcef;MuD;rsm; ,ck tpDtpOftwdkif;&SdjyD;? bkef;awmfbJGUryg&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ (pm? 750)

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ormusrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkYrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk
teufzGifhusrf; a&;ollrsm;tay:om yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/
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(i,f 14?20)
4/ aygvkonf a&mrMo0g'pmudk aum&dEKjrdKUrS a&;om;cJhjcif;udk owd&&if;? tpm;taomufjyemonf
aum&dEKjrdKU tb,faMumifh tvGefta&;MuD;enf; (1aum tcef;MuD; 8?10)
5/ tcef;MuD; todynm? vGwfvyfrIESifh cspfjcif;arwmrsm;\ qufpyfrIudk &Sif;jyyg/
6/ toif;awmftwGif; rdwfo[m,udk rnfonfh t&may: tajcjyK&rnfenf;
7/ rdrdwdkY wpfOD;csif;\ a&G;cs,frIESifh qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;rnfonfh t&may:tajccHMuoenf;
8/ uREkfyfwdkY\ tjyKtrIrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;udk rnfuJhodkY xdcdkufoenf; tcsufonf uRefawmfwdkYudk
rnfonfht&mtm; awmif;qdkaeoenf;
9/ oifhawmfaom c&pf,mefudk,fusifhw&m;udk rnfuJhodkY owfrSwfqkH;jzpfMuoenf;
10/ &ifhusufaom c&pf,mefrsm; oabmxm;rwlnDru
I dk bk&m;ocifvufoifhcHEdkifygOD;rnfavmh

420

a&mr 15
acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcJGrsm;
UBS

NKJV

tjcm;vlom;csif;
rsm;auseyfygap/
rdrdudk,frdrdrauseyf
apESifh
15;1-6

0eftcsif;csif; tm;aumif;ol
xrf;ay;Mu onftm;enf;ol
udkonf;cH

wyg;trsKd;ESifh*sL;
rsm;twGuf{0Ha*vd
15;7-13

bk&m;udk
twlcsD;rGrf;
15;7-13

aygvk\ oem
vkyfief;qufuyfrI

a,kSvifjrdKY udk,fydkifrSwfpk
@aumedjrdKUodkY

&J&ifhpGmpma&;&m
aygvk&nf&G,fcsuf

aygvk\trIawmf

15;14-21

15;14-21

15;14-21

15;14-16
15;17-21

a&mrjrdKYoGm;&ef
aygvktpDtpOf

a&mrjrdKUoGm;&ef
pDpOf

a&mrjrdKUoGm;&ef
aygvktpDtpOf

aygvk\tpD
tpOfrsm;

22-29

22-33

15;22-29
15;30-33

22-26
22-29
15;30-33

15;1-6

NRSV

15;1-6

TEV

NJB

tjcm;olrsm;
auseyfygap/
rdrdudk,frdrdraus
eyfapESifh
15;1-6

(14;22-15;6)

wyg;trsKd;rsm;twGuf
{0Ha*vd
15;7-12
15;7-12
15;13
15;13

15;7-13

15;14-21

22-29
15;30-33

ywfvnfzwfIjcif; taMumhokH; (pm xi Munfhyg)

rl&if;pma&;ol\ pmydk'fvdkuf&nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnfjcif;
pmtkyfrSm teufzGifhvrf;nTef;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmudk rdrd[m
rdrdteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&onfh tvif;vJ
avQmufvSrf;oGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,f? ormusrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;udk teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;ay: om
ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/
421

tcef;MuD;wpfcef;tm;
wpfwdkifwnf;jzifhzwfyg/
t"duOD;wnfcsufrsm;udk
owfrSwfazmfjyyg/
taMumif;t&mtvdkuf oif\ pmydk'fcJGrIudk txufygbmomjyefusrf; ig;rsKd;ESifh Edkif;,SmOfyg/ pmykd'fcJGrsm;onf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;?
teufjyefjcif;\
toJESvkH;jzpfaom
rl&if;pma&;ol\
MuH&G,fcsufem;vnfEdkif&efaomhcsufjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwdkif;taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd,pmydk'f
4/ ... pojzifh

ti,f 1-13tm; usrf;pum; tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;/

u/ c&pf,mefvGwfvyfrIESifh wm0ef0w&m;rsm;taMumif; tcef;MuD; 14rS 15;1-13 txd aqG;aEG;onf/
c/ 14;1-15;13 txd aqG;aEG;rIrsm;tm; odkYtusOf;csKH;Edkifonf/
1/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk c&pfawmftxJ vufcHojzifh tcsif;csif; vufcHMu (14;1?3? 15;7)
2/ c&pfawmfonf uRefawmfwdkY\ ocifESifh wpfyg;wnf;aomw&m; pD&ifoljzpfojzifh tcsif;csif;w&m;
pD&ifjcif;rjyKMuESifh/ (14;3-12)
3/ cspfjcif;arwmonf wpfOD;csif; vGwv
f yfrIxuf ydkrdkta&;MuD;onf/ (14;13-23)
4/ c&pfawmf\ ykHoufaoaumif;udk vkdufum? tjcm;olrsm; aqmufwnfp&mjzpf&efESifh aumif;usKd;twGuf
rdrd\ tcGif;ta&;udk tIH;cHyg/ (15;1-13)
*/ 14;1-15;13 wpfckvkH;\ &nf&G,fcsufokH;rsKd;tm; 15;5-6 ay:vGifaeonf/
1/ tcsif;csif;oifhjrwfpGmaexdkifyg/
2/ c&pfawmf\ ykHaumif;oufaoESifh tnDtouf&Sifyg/
3/ aygif;pnf;aom ESvkH;om;? aygif;pnf;aom EIwfpum;jzifh bk&m;ocifudk csD;rGrf;yg/
C/ wpfOD;csif; vGwfvyfrIESifh tpktaygif;jzifh wm0ef&SdrItMum;tvm;wl wif;rmrItaMumif; 1aum 8-10
aqG;aEG;onf/

pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pkavhvmjcif;
NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 15;1-6
1

tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf rdrdudk,frdrdauseyfapkHrQ r[kwfbJ? tm;r&Sdaom tm;enf; olwdkYudk onf;cH

oifhonf/ 2igwdkY wpfa,mufcsif;onf rdrdtdrfeD;csif;\ aumif;usKd;twGuf olauseyfESpfodrfh aqmufwnf
p&mjzpfap&efjzpfonf/ 3taMumif;rSm c&pfawmfyifvQif ]]udk,fawmfudk jypfwifaom olrsm;\ jypfwifjcif;rsm;
uREkfyftay:usa&mufyg\}} [l usrf;pmvmonfESifh tnD rdrdudk,f rdrdauseyfapjcif; rjyKcJhacs/
4
usrf;pmtm;jzifh &aom cJGjrJjcif;ESifh cGeftm;jzifh igwdkY ajrmfvifhjcif;&Sdap&ef? a&S;umv a&;cJhorQonf igwdkYudk
oGefoif&ef a&;om;jcif;jzpf\/ 5pJGjrJjcif;ESifh cGeftm;udk ay;awmfrlol bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmf a,I\
tvdkESifhtnD? pdwfwl? oabmwljzifh oifwdkYudk igwdkY ocifa,I c&pfawmf\ bk&m;ocifESifh crnf;awmftm;
wpfoHwnf;jzifh nDnTwfpGm csD;rGrf;Edkifygrnf taMumif;ay;ooem;awmfrlygapaom/
422

15;1
]]tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf ... tm;r&Sdaom tm;enf;olwdkYudk onf;cHoifhonf}}
]]tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf tm;enf; pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpf vG,folwdkYudk onf;cHoifhonf/
]]tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf tm;enf;olrsm;\ tjypftemrsm;udk onf;cHoifhonf/}}
]],kHMunfjcif; tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf tm;enf; olwdkY\ 0efudk ,l tm;enf;olwdkY\ oHo,0ifaom
cHpm;csufwdkYudk onf;cH&ef wm0ef&Sdonf/}}
if;wdkYrSm IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;aom PRESENT INFINITIVES ESpfckjzpfonf/ tm;&Sdol?
tm;enf;olrsm;udk azmfjyjcif;onf 14;1 rS pwif aqG;aEG;csufudkyif? tcef;MuD; 15 qufvufoGm;
jcif;jzpfonf/ if;rSm a&mr toif;awmfESifh toif;awmfrsm;tm;vkH; c&pf,mefrsm;\ toufwm vrf;aMumif;
ay:wif;rmrItm; ay:vGifapjcif;ESifh wlonf/ if;wdkYrSm
1/ ormusrf;pmxJ oJuJGpGm razmfjyaom u@rsm;
2/ "ra[mif;usrf;\ awmif;qdkrIrsm;
3/ udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m r[kwfaom? xkH;wrf;pOfvmqdkif&m udprsm;tm; wkHYjyefrIrsm;
u@ uRefawmfhudk rsm;pGm yhHydk;aom pmtkyfaumif;tpftkyfrSm Gordon Fee \ Gospel and Spirit
pmtkyfjzpfonf/
,aeYacwfopfpm Iolrsm; taejzifh ]]tm;&Sdol}} ESifh ]]tm;enf;ol}} rsm;rnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif;
owfrSwfcsufay;&efrSm rSef;qcsuf omvQif jzpfEdkifonf/ aygvk\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm xdkodkY jyK&ef r[kwfacs/
tm;&Sdol tkyfpkrSm pnf;urf; Oya' odkYr[kwf bmoma&; qif,ifusif;yrIudk t"du xm;aom bmoma&;
vkdufpm;rIESifh uif;vGwfoludk &nfnTef;onf/ olwdkYESifh bk&m;ocifqufqH&m bmoma&;qdkif&m wm0eftcsKdU
aqmif&Gufjcif; (0g) bmoma&;wm;jrpfcsuf tcsKdUtm; a&Smifjcif;rsm; tay:raocsm ra&&mbJ? rSDcdktm;
xm;jcif;rjyKMuacs/ tjcm;tkyfpkrSmvnf; wif;jynfhusyfjynfh c&pf,mefrsm;? tjynfht0vufoufoifhcHjcif;&&Sd
olrsm;ESifh tjynfht0qufuyfaom ,kHMunfolrsm; tkyfpkyif jzpfonf/ odkYaomf olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\
,kHMunfjcif;tm; rdrdwdkY twdwfu bmoma&;qdkif&m tawGUtMuHKrsm;rSwqifh IjrifMuonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;
,kHMunfolrsm;onf
*sL;bmom\ y#dnOf
w&m;a[mif;udk pJGudkifvdkMuonf/ wyg;trsKd;om;
,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ ,cif bmoma&; t,l0g'ESifh usifhpOftcsKdUwdkYudk qufvufusifhvdkMuonf/
odkYaomf aygvkonf ,kHMunfolwdkY &Sdaom pdwfaeoabmxm;udk ]]tjypf}} [k ac:a0go rIwfjcif;rjyKaMumif;
owd&yg/ rdrdwdkY\ Mowypdwfudk vGefusL;Mujcif;uomvQif tjypfjzpfonf/ (i,f 23)/
]]tm;r&Sd}} [laom a0g[m& adunatos onf (wref 14;8) ashthene (14;1?21/ 1aum
8;7?10?11?12/ 9;22) ESifh qufpyfum? if;\ t"dyg,frSmvnf; ]]tm;r&Sd}} [ljzpfonf/
usrf;ydk'f\
qdkvdkcsufrSm
c&pf,mefrsm;onf
tjcm;c&pf,mefrsm;udk
pdwfrodk;roefYESifh
onf;nnf;cHae&efr[kwf/
cspfjcif;arwmxm;um
]]*kwpdkufjyK}}
wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muftwl
vkyfaqmifaeMu&ef jzpfonf/ ]]onf;cH}} bear [laom pum;vkH;rSm a,I ]]vuf0g;uyfwdkifxrf;jcif;}} a,m[ef
19;17ESifh vkum 14;27 wdkY okH;aom pum;vkH;vnf;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf bk&m;w&m; MunfndKol
tcsif;csif;Mum;jzpfay:Edkifaom wif;rmrI taMumif;aumif;pGm odonf/ aygvkonf *sL;bmom vpfb&,f
ausmif;awmf Hillel \ txifu& q&mMuD;wpfqljzpfol *gravsv Gamaliel vufatmuf avhusifh
oGefoifrIcHvmcJholjzpfonf/
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV

]]rdrdudk,frdrd auseyfapkHrQr[kwfbJ}} if;rSm

ygaom PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE

jzpfjyD; qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfck &yfwhHonf[k t"dyg,f&Sdonf/ twudkA[dkjyKjcif;rSm
r&ifhusufrI\ aocsmaom edrdwfvuPm wpfckjzpfum? c&pfawmf\ ykHoufaoudk vdkufjcif;onf &ifhusufrI\
NEGATIVE PARTICLE

423

aocsmaom edrdwfvuPmjzpfonf/ (i,f 3/ zd 2;1-11)/ pum;pkonfvnf; tm;&Sdolrsm;udk

ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ (14;1?14?16?21?27)/ rdwfo[m,wnfwHhap&ef olwdkYom wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvkdjcif;
r[kwfacs/ tm;enf;olwdkYtm;vnf; 14;3?20?23/ 15;5-6?7 wdkY ajymygonf/
15;2 ]]igwdkYwpfa,mufpDonf rdrdtdrfeD;csif;... auseyfESpfodrfh}} tdrfeD;csif; pum;vkH;rSm c&pf,mef
csif;csif;[laom t"dyg,fjzifh okH;jcif;jzpfonf/ odkY ajym&m rdrdwpfOD;csif;wdkY\ em;vnf oabmayguf
rIrsm;udk tavQmhtwif;jyKjcif; oabmr[kwfbJ? oJuJGpGm razmf jyaom taMumif;t&m rsm; rdrd\
oabmxm;odkY r[kwf ydkrdkESpfoufaom t&mtm; twif;tusyfjyKjcif; rjyK&efjzpfonf/ txG#ftxdyfrSm
wpfOD;csif; vGwfvyfrI r[kwfbJ? c&pfawmf\ udk,fcEmpnf;vkH;nDnTwfa&; ESifh MuD;xGm;a&; jzpfonf/ (1aum
9;19-23/ 10;24-33/ {zuf 4;1-16)/
NASB ]]aqmufwnfp&mtwGuf}}
NRJV ]]aqmufwnfp&mjzpfap&ef}}
NRSV ]]tdrfeD;csif;tm; aqmufwnfrIjzpfap&ef aumif;aom &nf&G,fcsufjzifh}}
TEV ''olwdkYtm; ,kHMunfjcif; aqmufwnf&m&apjcif;ig}}
NJB ]]ydk tm;aumif;aom c&pf,mefrsm;jzpfvmMuap&ef olwdkYudk ulnD...}}

if;rSm tcef;MuD; 14\ t"du OD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/ (14;16?19)/ if;rSm 1aum 10;23/ 12;7/14;26/
{zuf 4;29 wdkY awGY&onfhtwdkif; 0dnmOf qkaus;Zl;rsm; ppfaq;&ef tcsufrsm; teuf wpfckvnf; jzpfonf/
usrf;ydk'f rdrd\ c&pf,meftaz:rsm; ,kHMunfjcif; MuD;xGm;&ef ulnDaom &nf&G,fcsufjzifh tm;&Sdol
c&pf,mefonf rdrd\ vGwfvyfrIudk uefYowfjcif;tm; &nfnTef;onf/ Joseph A. Fitzmyer ESifh Raymond E.
Brown wkdYwnf;jzwfcJhMuonfh The Jerome Biblical Commentary, vol. 2 tcef;i,f
taMumif;pdwf0ifpm;p&m rSwfcsufwpfck&Sdonf/
]]pum;pktm;}} olYudk aqmufwnf&m&ap&ef (tdrfeD;csif;) [k qdkum? c&pf,mef tdrfeD;csif;\
wpfOD;csif; MuD;xGm;a&;tm; &nfnTef;jcif;tjzpf t"dyg,faumuf,lavh&Sdonf/ odkYaomf aygvkonf taqmuf
tOD;jzifh wifpm;rIudk rdrda&;aom pmrsm; tpktzJGUt"dyg,fjzifh okH;avh&SdaMumif; qifjcifMunfhonfhtcg?
pum;pkonfh ae&mvnf; vlrIa&;qdkif&m? tpktaygif; oabmudk qdkvdkaMumif; xif&Sm;onf/ (1aum
14;12/ {zuf 4;12/ a&mr 14;19) (pm? 328)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / wnfaqmuf
pum;vkH; oikodome ESifh if;\ tjcm;ykHpHrsm;udk aygvkrMumcPokH;avh&Sdonf/ t"dyg,frSm
]]tdrfwvkH;aqmufvkyfonf}} [l jzpf\/ (rJ7;24) odkYaomf if; a0g[m&udk atmufygwdkYtm;
wifpm;azmffjyjcif; tjzpfokH;vmonf/
1/ c&pfawmf\ udk,fcEmjzpfaom toif;awmf/ 1aum 3;9/ {zuf 2;21/ 4;16
2/ atmufygwdkYudk wnfaqmuf&ef
(u) tm;enf;aom nDtpfudkrsm;/ a&mr 15;1
(c) tdrfeD;csif;rsm;/ a&mr 15;2
(*) tcsif;csif;/ {zuf 4;29/ 1ouf 5;11
(C) trIawmftwGuf oefY&Sif;olrsm;/ {zuf 4;11
3/ uRefawmfwdkYonf atmufygwdkYtm;jzifh wnfaqmufrIjyKMuonf/
(u) cspfjcif;arwm/ 1aum 8;1/ {zuf 4;16
(c) rdrdwpfOD;csif;\ vGwfvyfrIudk uefYowf/ 1aum 10;23-24
424

(*) xifjrifrI tm;jzifh jyKjcif;udk &Smifvsuf/ 1wd 1;4

(C) 0wfjyKpnf;a0;rsm; ajymrI?qdkrIrsm; uefYowfjcif; (oD;csif;qdkolrsm;? q&morm;rsm;? ya&mzufrsm;?
tjcm;aom bmompum;ajymolrsm;ESifh if;tm; bmomjyefolrsm;) 1aum 14;3-4?12
4/ tm;vkH;u twnfjyK&rnfrSm
(u) aygvk\ tcGifhtmPm/ 2aum 10;8/ 12;19/ 13;10
(c) a&mr 14;19 ESifh 1aum 14;26 wdkY tusOf;csKyfazmfjycsufrsm;/
15;3 ]]taMumif;rSm; c&pfawmfyifvQif}} c&pfawmfonf uRefawmfwdkY vkdufem&ef ykHpHESifh Oyrmjzpfonf/
taMumif;ti,f 5/ zd 2;1-11/ 1ay 2;21/ 1a,m 3;16 wdkYvnf; txl;azmfjyonf/
]]usrf;pmvmonf}}

if;rSm

"ra[mif;usrf;udk

ajymaom
pum;vkH;wJGtD'D,H(idiom)
tokH;tEIef;wpfckjzpfonf/ PRESENT PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ if;rSm qmvH 69;9tm;udk;um;
rlwpfckjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf Oyrmtjzpf c&pfawmfudk nTef;qdk&m (olYudk,fol rauseyfaprIrjyKjcif;/ zd
2;5-8) aygvkonf "ra[mif;usrf;csufwpfck udk;um;vdkufjcif;jzifh? ueOD;toif;awmf\ tcGifhtmPmqdkif&m
ta&;MuD;qkH;usrf; taxmuftxm; ESpfcktokH;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ (New man and Nida, A Translator's
Handbook on Paul's Letter to the Romans, p. 271) wavmuvkH;\ tjypfudk xrf;&m c&pfawmf\
twuif;rJhrIrSm uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf Oyrmjzpfonf/ (1a,m 3;16)/
aygvkonf atmufygtwdkif; qufpyfonfESifh wlygonf/
1/ a,Ionf ar&Sd, taejzifh uJh&JUjypfwifrI onf;cHjcif;
2/ aygvkonf {0Ha*vdw&m;aMumifh uJh&JUjypfwifrI onf;cHjcif;
usqif;aom urm bk&m;ociftm; tapcH&m ay;qyf&ef wefbkd;&Sdygonf/
1/ jiif;y,fcH um;pifwifowfjcif; cHola,Ijcif;taMumif; ajymonf/
2/ aygvkonf rdrdjiif;y,fjcif;ESifh nOf;qJcH&jcif;taMumif; 2aum 4;7-12/ 6;3-10/ 11;23-33 wdkY
aygvkonfvnf; aemufqkH;wGif acgif;jzwfowfcH&onf/
15;4 ]]a&S;umv a&;cJhorQonf igwdkYudk oGefoif&ef a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf}} "ra[mif;usrf;rSm "ropf
,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf a&;om;jcif;vnf;jzpfygonf/ (a&mr 4;23?24/ 15;4/ 1aum 9;10/ 10;6?11)/ if;rSm
y#dnOfw&m; opf,kHMunfolrsm;ESifhvnf; oufqdkifonf/ (2wd 2;15/ 3;16-17)/ qufvufaeaomfvnf;
"ra[mif;ESifh "ropftMum; qufvufjcif;r&Sdaom u@rsm;vnf; &Sdonf/
]]usrf;pmtm;jzifh&aom pGJjrJjcif;ESifh cGeftm;jzifh}} bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfESifh ,kHMunfolrsm;\

touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHrsm;onf if;udk rnfodkY wkHYjyefaMumif;rSwfom;yg/ ,kHMunfjcif;ESifh vkyfaqmifrIwdkYtwl

aygif;pyfonf/ (i,f 5)/ if;wdkYonf b0toufwm aojcif;ESifh c&pfawmfjyefvnf<uvmjcif;taMumif;
ajrmfvifhjcif;uwdwdkY ,kHMunfpdwfcsrIjzpfaponf/
]]igwdkY

ajrmfvifhjcif;&Sdap&ef}} if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE wpfckjzpfum? igwdkY\

ajrmfvifhjcif;onf ti,f 4 apmapmu azmfjycJhaom vkyfaqmifrIrsm; ay:rlwnfonf [kqdkvdkonf/
"ropfusrf;
]]ajrmfvifhjcif;}}
[lonf
uRefawmfwdkY\
u,fwifjcif;tm;
tqkH;owfaprnfh
'kwd,tMudrfjyefvnf<uvmjcif;udk &nfnTef;avh&Sdonf/ (a&mr 8;30/ 1a,m 3;2)/ a0g[m&onf
*&dpum; t*Fvdyfa0g[mrSm uJhodkYraocsmra&&maom t"dyg,fraqmifacs/ 'kwd,tMudrf jyefvnf <uvm
jcif;rSm tcsdefumvaocsm rod&aom aocsmonfhtjzpftysufwpfckjzpfonf/
425

aygvkonf a0g[m&udk t"dyg,fcsif; qufpyfaom? uJGjym;jcm;em;onfh a0g[m&rsm;jzifh okH;avh&Sd

onf/
bkeftMuD;jcif;?csD;ajrmufjcif;? xm0&touf? tqkH;pGefaom u,fwifjcif;? 'kwd,tMudrf
jyefvnf<uvmjcif;....pojzifhjzpfonf/ jyD;jynfhpkHjcif;rSm aocsmaomfvnf; tcsdefumvrSm tem*wfjzpf
rod&acs/ if;onf ]],kHMunfjcif;}} ESifh ]]cspfjcif;arwmwdkYESifh qufpyfavh&Sdonf/ (1aum 13;13/ 1ouf 1;3/
2ouf 2;16)/ aygvk okH;EIef;ykH tcsKdUwdkYrSm
1/ 'kwd,tMudrfjyefvnf <uvmjcif; *v 5;5/ {zuf 1;18/ 4;4/ wduk 2;13/
2/ a,Ionf igwdkY\ ajrmfvifhjcif;jzpfonf/ 1wd 1;1/
3/ {0Ha*vdw&m;udk udk;pm;onf/ aum 1;23
4/ tjynfht0 u,fwifjcif;/ aum 1;5/ 1ouf 4;13/ 5;8
5/ bk&m;ocif\ bkef;wefcdk;awmf/ a&mr 5;2/ 2aum 3;12/ aum 1;27
6/ u,fwifjcif; pdwfcsrI/ 1ouf 5;8
7/ xm0&touf/ wduk 1;2/ 3;7/
8/ zefqif;orQ tm;vkH; a&G;EIwfjcif;/ a&mr 8;20
9/ ,kHMunfjcif;/ 8;23-25/ 15;4
10/ bk&m;ocif\ bJGUemrawmf/ a&mr 15;13
11/ ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf aygvktvkd&Sdaomt&m 2aum 1;7
15;5 ]]bk&m;ocifonf ... ay;oem;awmfrl}} if;rSm &Sm;yg;aom

jzpfum? qEwpfck
(0g) qkawmif;csuf wpfckudk azmfjyonf/ ti,f 5-6 &Sd aygvk\ qkawmif;csuf tcsufESpfckyg0if&m
1/ pdwfESvkH;wpfckwnf;&Sd&ef (12;16/ 2aum 13;11/ zd 2;2)
2/ csD;rGrf;jcif; toHwpfoHwnf; jzpf&ef (ti,f 6?&?9)
AORIST ACTIVE OPTATIVE

]]pJGjrJjcif;ESifh

cGeftm;ay;awmfrl olbk&m;ocif}} if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ emrawmfudk &Sif;vif;jcif;

oabmeD;yg;jzpfoGm;onf/ (15;13/ 1aum 1;3)/ bk&m;ocif\ *kPft*FgwdkYonf EIwfuywfawmfrS wqifh
,kHMunfolrsm;odkY a&muf&Sdvmonf/ (i,f 4)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / pJGjrJ&efvdktyfrI-8;25 Munfhyg/
15;6 ]]igwdkYocifa,Ic&pfawmf\ bk&m;ocifESifh crnf;awmfbk&m;}} if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ "ropfusrf;
bJGUemrawmf tjynfhtpkHjzpfonf/ (2aum 1;3/ {zuf 1;3/ aum 1;3/ 1ay 1;3/ tvm;wl bJGUemrawmfwpfck
1;7 Munfhyg) if;rSm 'edu aA'tvdkt& vdktyfaom bk&m;r[kwfbJ? zGifhjyawmfrIjcif;\ bk&m;jzpfonf/
ti,f 5-6 &Sd aygvk\ qkawmif;csuf&Sd bk&m;ocif\ bJGUemrawmfESpfckudk rSwfom;yg/
1/ pJGjrJjcif;ESifh cGeftm;\ bk&m;ocif
2/ igwdkY ocifa,I\ bk&m;ocifESifh crnf;awmf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / pJGjrJjcif; 8;25ESifh crnf;awmf
1;7 wdkYMunfhyg/

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 15;7-13

7

xdkYaMumifh c&pfawmfonfvnf; bk&m;oci\f bkef;awmfxif&Sm;ap&ef igwdkYudk vufcHonfhtwdkif;

oifwdkY tcsif;csif;vufcHMuavmh/ 8]]igqdkonfum; bdk;ab;rsm;udk ay;aomuwdawmfrsm; wnfap&ef
c&pfawmfonf bk&m;ocif\ ormw&m;bufrS aeum? ta&;zsm;vSD;jcif;cHolwdkY\ tapcHjzpfvmcJhjyD/
9
xdkYaMumifh wyg;trsKd;om;wdkY tv,fwGif udk,fawmfudk csD;rGrf;um? emrawmfudk oDcsif;qdk ygrnf[k usrf;pmvm
onfESifhtnD?
wyg;trsKd;om;wdkYonf
*&kPmawmfaMumifh
bk&m;ocifudk
csD;rGrf;Muvdrfhrnf/
10
11
wzefolqdkonfum; tdk? wyg;trsKd;om;wdkY vlrsKd;awmfESifhtwl 0rf;ajrmufMuavmh/ wzefqdkjyefonfum;?
426

wyg;trsKd;om; taygif;wdkY xm0&bk&m;udk csD;rGrf;Muavm/ vlrsKd;taygif;wdkY udk,fawmfudk csD;rGrf;Muap [k

vm\/ 12aemufwzef a[&Sm, ajymonfrSm a,&SJtjrpfxGu
f
wyg;trsKd;om;wdkYudk tkyfpkd;jcif;iSg?
ay:xGef;vmoljzpf wyg;trsKd;om;wdkYonf olYudk arQmfvifhMuvdrfhrnf[k qdk\/ 13oifwdkYonf oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmf\ wefcdk;tm;jzifh ajrmfvifhjcif; <u,f0ap&ef ajrmfvif;jcif;\ bk&m;ocifonf ocifwdkYtm;
,kHMunf0rf;ajrmufjcif;? jidrfoufjcif;ESifh jynfhpkHygapaom/
15;7
NASB, TEV ]]tcsif;csif;vufcH (accept) Muavmh}}
NKJV
]]tcsif;csif;vufcH (receive) Muavhm}}
NRSV
]]tcsif;csif;MudKqdkMuavmh/}}
NJB
]]wa,mufudk wa,muf wlnDaom cifrifrIjzifh

jyKrIMuavmh/}}
if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE IMPERATIVE wpfckonf/ c&pfawmfonf uRefawmfwdkYudk vufcHcJhojzifh
rdrdwdkY,kHMunfol tcsif;csif;qufvufum vufcH Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ ormw&m;udk 14;1 awGY&onf/
odkYaomf ae&mrl wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;udk bk&m;ocifvufcHaMumif; "ra[mif;usrf;ydk'f tcsKdUrdwfquf
azmfjyonf/ (i,f 9-12) if;onf a&mrjrdKU toif;awmftwGif; wif;rmrI\xif[yfrIjzpfEdkifonf/
,kHMunfol tcsif;csif;ay;urf;a0iSjcif;onf c&pf,mefjzpfaMumif; azmfjy\/ (1;12/12;5?10?16/ 13;8/
14;13?19/ 15;5?7?14/ 16;16)
]]c&pfawmfonf...igwdkYudk vufcHonfhtwdkif;}} if;rSm

jzpfonf/ if;rSm
,kHMunfolrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;tm; jyKrlapaom wGef;tm;ESifh taMumifh&if;jzpfonf/ (14;3) tcef;MuD; 14\
pl;pdkufjyKrIrSm
1/ c&pfawmftm; t&SifocifESifh w&m;pD&ifoltjzpf/ i,f 1-12
2/ c&pfawmftm; rdrdudk,frdrday;aom cspfjcif;arwm\ Oyrmtjzpf/ 13-23
c&pfawmfonf igwdkYudk vufcHojzifh? igwdkYonfvnf; tjcm;olrsm;udk vufcHMu&ygrnf
AORIST MIDDLE INDICATIVE

]]bk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmfxif&Sm;ap&ef}} 3;23 rSwfcsuf Munfhyg/

15;8 ]]c&pfawmfonf.... ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;cHolwdkY\ tapcHjzpfvmcJhjyD}} c&pfawmfrSm "ra[mif;usrf;\

tem*wdpum;rsm; twdkif; bk&m;oci\f jynfhpkHaprIjzpfonf/ (rJ10;6/ 15;24) if;udka&mrjrdKU
toif;awmftwGif; ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;ESifh wyg;trsKd;rsm; tMum;wifrmrItm; &nfpl; ajymjcif; jzpfEdkifonf/
]]bdk;ab;rsm;udk (fathers) ay;aom uwdawmfrsm; wnfap&ef ... bk&m;ocif\ ormw&m;bufrS
aeum}}
NKJV ]]bdk;ab;rsm;udk ay;aom uwdawmfrsm; wnfap&ef... bk&m;;cif\ ormusrf;w&m;twGuf}}
NRSV ]]bkd;ab;rsm;udk (partriachs) ay;aom uwdawmfrsm;wnfap&ef... bk&m;ocif\ ormw&m;bufrS
aeum}}
TEV ]]olwdkY\ bdk;ab;rsm;udk (ancestors) ay;aom uwdrsm; twdkif;jzpfvmap&ef bk&m;ocifonf
opGm&SdaMumif; *sL;rsm;bufrS aeum jyo&ef}}
NJB ]]bdk;ab;rsm;twGuf (patriachs) jyKaom uwdawmfrsm; bk&m;ocifopm&SdpGm quvufap&ef/
if;onf "ra[mif;usrf;y#dnOfw&m;rsm; tpa&;rsm;udk ay;aom bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmfrsm;udk
ajymjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (4;16)/ rnfodkY jzpfap? vlom;tm;vkH;a&G;EIwf&ef bk&m;ocif ay;aom uwdawmfrsm;udk
NASB

427

&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (urm 3;15/ 12;3/ xuf 19;5-6/ a[&Sm 2;2-4/ 56;7/ 66;18-24)/
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ vQKdU0SufcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\ tpDtpOfonf *sL;ESifh wyg;trsKd;rsm;udk
c&pfawmfrSwqifh aygif;pnf;ap&efjzpfonf/ ({zuf 2;11-3/ 3;13)/
"ropf\ owif;pum;rSm topftqef;wpfck t[kwfbJ? "ra[mif;usrf;\ ajrmfvifhjcif;rsm;
jynfhpkHvmrIjzpfonf/ c&pfawmf aqmif&Gufaom r[mapcdkif;rIrSm (0g) tpa&;udk uwdjyKaom ajrmfvifhjcif;rsm;
jynfhpkHap&efESifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm; wHcg;zGifhay;&efjzpfonf/ (a&mr 3;29-30/ 9;30/ 10;11-12/ 16-20/
11;25?32/ 16;25/ {zuf 2;11-3;21)/ bk&m;ocifudk wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm; zGifhjyum? olwdkYudk
,kHMunfjcif;w&m;odkY qJGaqmif&ef owif;aumif;qdkif&mapcdkif;jcif;udk tpa&;ysufuGuf onfhtcg?
wpfurmvkH;qdkif&mwm0efjyD; ajymufatmif aqmif&Guf a&;twGuf (rJ 28;19-20/ vkum 24;47/
a,m[ef 3;16/ wref 1;8) a,Ionf 0dnmOfa&;tpa&; topfwpfrsKd;tm; wefcdk;ay;onf/ (9;6/ *v 6;16)
]]wnfap}} txl;taMumif;t&m 4;16 Munfhyg/

15;9-12
if;rSm
wyg;trsKd;rsm;onf
bk&m;ocif\
tpDtpOfwGif
tjrJyg0ifaMumif;jy&ef
"ra[mif;usrf;ydk'fpOfrsm;udk udk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ / uREkfyf Bob \
{0Ha*vdqdkif&mtjrif 1;5/ 10;16-20 wdkY Munfhyg/ if;rSm "ra[mif;usrf;ydk'fwJGrsm; udk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/
1/ i,f 9-qmvH 18;49 (0g) 2"r 22;50
2/ i,f 10 w&m;a[m 32;43
3/ i,f 11 qmvH 117;1
4/ i,f 12 a[&Sm 11;1?10
a[jAJormusrf;pm\ u@MuD;wpfckpDrS udk;um;rIwpfcsufpDygaMumif; rSwfom;yg/ ynwdusrf;?
ya&mzufrsm;usrf;ESifh pmayrsm;
15;9 ]]u&kPmawmfaMumifh bk&m;ocifudk csD;rGrf;}} a&mrMo0g'pm\ MudKwifcefYxm;jcif;? (9;15?16?18?23)
wyg;trsKd;rsm;yg0ifjcif; (11;30?31?32/ 15;9) wdkY\ "roabmw&m;\aomhcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\
*&kPmawmfjzpfonf/ tpa&;udk u,fwifonfrSm *&kPmawmfjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwyg;trsKd;rsm;udk
u,fwifonfrSmvnf; *&kPmawmfyifjzpfonf/ xdk,E&m;rSm vlom;\ aqmif&GufrIr[kwfbJ (a&mr 9)
rajymif;rvJaom bk&m;ocif\ MuiftifvuPmjzpfonfh aus;Zl;awmf (xGuf 34;6/ ae[rd 9;17/ qmvH
103;8? 4/ a,mb 2;13) ESifh ar&Sd,qdkif&m uwdawmfjzpfonf/ (a,&Sm, 11;1?10)/
wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;onf bk&m;ocifudk atmufygwdkYjzifh bkef;awmf xif&Sm;apMujcif;rSm pdwf0ifpm;p&m
aumif;onf/
1/ 0efcHjcif;^ csD;rGrf;jcif;
2/ "roDcsif;oDqdkjcif;
,kHMunfolwpfOD;onf bk&m;ociftm; oDcsif;oDqdkonfhtcg 0efcHrIjyKjcif;? xkwfazmfrI jyKjcif;jzpfonf/
"roDcsif;rsm;onf ,kHMunfrI t,l0g' (creed) rsm;enf;wl w&m;0ifaom 0efcHrIwpfrsKd;jzpfonf (10;9-13)
15;13 ]]ajrmfvifhjcif;\ bk&m;ocif}} if;onf 14;1 rS tpjyKaom usrf;pum; tkyfpk\ tydwfbkef;awmfbJGU
jzpfonf/ if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ tHhbG,f&maumif;aom bJGUemrawmf wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/
15;13 ]]0rf; ajrmufjcif;? jidrfoufjcif;ESifh jynfhpkHap}} if;rSm a&mrjrdKU ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf aygvk\
qkawmif;csufudk jyaom AORIST ACTIVE OPTATIVE wpfckjzpfonf/ ]]tm;vkH;}} qdkaom pum;vkH;udk rSwfom;yg/
(5;1-2/ 14;17)/
428


NASB, NKJV
NRSV ]],kHMunfvsuf}}
TEV ]]olYtm;,kHMunfjcif; tm;jzifh}}
NJB ]]oifwdkY ,kHMunfvsuf}}

if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE jzpfonf oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ wefcdk;awmf? c&pfawftm;

,kHMunfjcif; qufvufoGm;jcif;? 0rf;ajrmufrIESifh jidrfoufjcif; em;ckdkrIjzifh &&Sdaom pJGjrJonfh ,kHMunfjcif;
(confidence) jzpfonf/ c&pfawmf tm;,kHMunfjcif;[lonf tpjyK wkHUjyefrIwpfck rQomr[kwfbJ?
wkHUjyefrIjyKaom touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHjzpfonf/
]]oifwdkYonf ... ajrmfvifhjcif; <u,f0ap&ef}} if;rSm perrisseuo \

PRESENT ACTIVE

INFINITIVE

wpfckjzpfjyD; tajccHtm;jzifh ]]xyfaqmif;}} [laom t"dyg,f&Sdonf/ 15;4\ rSwfcsuf ]]ajrmfvifhjcif;}}

Munfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / <u,f0^ayg<u,f (perissev)

a0g[m&udk aygvk rMumcPokH;onf/
1/ bkef;awmf<u,f0apaom bk&m;ocif\ ormw&m;/ a&mr 3;7
2/ a,Ic&pfawmfwnf;[laom wpfa,mufaom ol\ aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh tcrJh vufaqmifonf
<u,f0vsuf&Sd\f/ a&mr 5;15
3/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf ajrmfvifhjcif; <u,f0Mu\/ a&mr 15;13
4/ ,kHMunfolrsm;udk tpm;tpmtcsKdUtm; pm;jcif; (0g) rpm;jcif;aMumifh bk&m;ocif ESpfoufawmfrlonf
r[kwfacs/ 1aum 8;8
5/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf toif;awmfudk wnfaqmuf&m <u,f0Muonf/ 1aum 14;12
6/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf ocifbk&m;twGuf vkyfaqmif&m <u,f0Muonf/ 1aum 15;58
7/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmf\ 'kuqif;&JcHjcif; a0rQcHpm;jcif; <u,f0onf enf;wl c&pfawmf\
ESpfodrfhrItm; a0rQcHpm;&m vnf; <u,f0Muonf/ 2aum 1;5
8/ ajzmifhrwfjcif; w&m;onf bkef;awmf<u,f0onf/ 2aum; 3;9
9/ ,kHMunfolrsm;\ <u,f0aom aus;Zl;awmf csD;rGrf;jcif;onf bkef;toa&awmf xif&Sm;aponf/ 2aum
4;15
10/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf 0rf;ajrmufjcif; <u,f0Muonf/ 2aum 8;2
11/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf t&m&m (,kHMunfjcif;? ajymqdkjcif;? todynm? pdwftm;MuD;jcif;ESifh cspfjcif;
arwm) <u,f0Muum? a,kSvif toif;awmftwGuf vufaqmifay;&mvnf; <u,f0Muonf/
2aum 8;7
12/ aus;Zl;awmf tvkH;pkHonf ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf <u,f0onf/ 2aum 9;8
13/ bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmf csD;rGrf;jcif; ,kHMunfolrsm; <u,f0/ 2aum 9;12
14/ bk&m;ocif\ <u,f0aom aus;Zl;awmfonf ,kHMunfolrsm;ay: &ufa&mvSonf/ {zuf 1;8
15/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf cspfjcif;arwm ydk ydk <u,f0vmEkifonf/ zd 1;9
16/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf aygvktm;? c&pfawmftxJ ,kHMunfrI<u,f0Muonf/ zd 1;26
17/ <u,f0pGm&Sdonf/ zd 4;12?18
429

18/ ,kHMunfrsm; aus;Zl;awmf <u,f0Muonf/ aum 2;7

19/ ,kHMunfolrsm; tcsif;csif; cspfjcif;arwm MuD;xGm;<u,f0onf/ 1ouf 3;12
20/ bk&m;w&m;ESifhtnD touf&Sifjcif; <u,f0jcif;/ 1ouf 4;1
21/ ,kHMunfol tcsif;csif; <u,f0pGm cspfMujcif;/ 1ouf 4;10
c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmf taMumif; aygvk em;vnfykHrSm ]]xyfqmif;xm;onf}} [l
jzpfonfenf;wl? ,kHMunfolrsm;onfvnf; rdrdwdkY toufwmxJ ]]tydkaqmif;aom}} aus;Zl;awmfESifh
cspfjcif;arwm avQmufvSrf;&ef vdktyfonf

]]oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ wefckd;tm;jzifh}} oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf uyfumvtopf

tvkyfvkyfaeaom okH;yg;wpfql bk&m;\ yk*dKvfjzpfonf/ olYtm;jzifh r[kwfvQif Mum&SnfcHaom

wefbdk;&Sdonfht&m (0g) tusKd;oufa&mufrI rjzpfay:Edkifacs/ (15;19/ 1aum 2;4/ 1ouf 1;5)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 8;9 ESifh 8;11 wdkY Munfhyg/

aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;
pmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkY teufzGifh&rnfudk vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif; jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmtm;
rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;aom
tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,fwdkif? ormusrf;pmESifh
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkYrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf;
a&;ollrsm;tay:om yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom
ar;cGef;rsm;rSm
usrf;pm\
tydkif;wGif
yg0ifaom
t"du
taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;zdkY jzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHk r[kwfbJ qifjcifpOf;pm;rItm;
Edk;qGay;&efom jzpfonf/
1/ a&mr 14;1-15;13\ yifrA[dk ormw&m;rSm tb,fenf;
2/ aygvkonf ti,f 19-12 twGif; tb,faMumifh "ra[mif;usrf;ydk'frsm;udk;um;oenf; MuD;rm;aom
rnfonfh ormw&m;rsm;yg&Sdoenf;

ti,f 14-33 tm; usrf;pum; tqufpyfjzifh em;vnf&jcif;

u/ Mo0g'pm\ tqkH;owfonf if;\ tpjzpfaom 1;8-15ESifh rsm;pGm wlnDonf/
1/ if;onf olwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif;udk txl;csD;usL;onf/ (1;8)
2/ if;onf wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf {0Ha*vdw&m;\ wrefawmf&mxl;udk umuG,fajymqdkonf/
(1;13?14)
3/ if;onf olwdkYxH aygvk oGm;vdkykHudk tcdkiftrmazmfjyonf/ (1;10?13)
4/ owif;aumif; ra&mufao;aom a'orsm;odkY aygvkoGm;&mvrf; olYudk tultnDay;apvdkonf/
(pydefjynf 1;13)

430

c/ aemufwpfcg a&mr toif;awmftwGif; ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;ESifh ,kHMunfolwyg; trsKd;om;rsm; tMum;

wif;rmrIudk t&dyft>ruf awGU&onf/ xdktaMumif;t&mudk usrf;wavQmufvkH; t&dyft>rufazmfjyonf
(0g) &nfnTef;um? txl;ojzifh 9-11/ 14;1-15;13 wdkY awGY&onf/
*/ ueOD;toif;awmf aygvk\ wrefawmft&mESifh qdkifaom wif;rmrIudkvnf; t&dyft>rufawGY&onf/
olonf rdrdudk,frdrd ti,f 15-19/ 1;2?5 wdkY umuG,fajymqdkaeonfESifh wlonf/
C/ pmpk taMumif;t&mESpf&yfyg&Sdonf/
1/ aygv\k wrefawmft&m? {0Ha*vd tvkyf&mESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;udk OD;wnfaom trIawmfvkyfief;
(i,f 14-21)
2/ &nf&G,fcsufjyD; ajrmufap&ef aygvk\ c&D;oGm; tpDtpOfrsm;onf olUudk a&mrjrdKUodkY
a&mufoGm;apEdkif/ (i,f 22-33)

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 15;14-21

14

oifwdkYESifh qdkif um;? nDtpfudkwdkY? oifwdkYonf aumif;jrwfjcif; taygif;ESifh jynfhpkH t&m&mwdkYudk

odum? tcsif;csif;wdkufwGef; EId;aqmfEdkifpGrf;&SdMuonfudk igoabmayguf\/ 15odkYaomf tcsKdU tcsufrsm;udk
oifwdkY jyef owd&ap&ef igonf&J&ifhpGm a&;onf/ 16tb,faMumifh qdkaomf wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf
c&pfawmf a,I\ trIawmfaqmif wpfOD;jzpf&ef bk&m;ocifonf ighudk aus;Zl;jyKawmfrl\/
wyg;trsKd;om;wdkYtm; ylaZmfoumtjzpfay;jcif;udk oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf oefY&Sif;apum?
vufoifhcHEdkifbG,f&mjzpfap&ef bk&m;ocif\ {0Ha*vdw&m;tm; ,Zmfyka&m[dwf uJhodkY aqmif&Gufvsuf &Sd\/
17
xdkYaMumifh bk&m;ocifESihf qdkifaomt&mwdkY c&pfawmf a,ItxJ 0g<um;p&m taMumif;&Sd\/ 18taMumif;rSm
19
ightm;jzifh
c&pfawmf
aqmif&GufjyD;pD;cJhaomt&mrsm;uvJTvQif
igrajym0hH/
xdkt&mrsm;onf
wyg;trsKd;om;wdkYtm; EIwftm;jzpfjzpfap? tjyKtrItm;jzifhjzpfap? tHhMobG,f&mrsm; edrdwfvuPmrsm;?
0dnmOfawmf\ wefcdk;rsm;tm;jzifh emcHaponf/ xdkYaMumifh igonf a,kSvifjrdKUrSp vk&dwfjynfwdkifatmif
teD;ywf0ef;usifa'orsm; c&pfawmf\ {0Ha*vdw&m;udk tukeftpif a[majymcJhjyDjzpfonf/ 20xdkodkYjzifh
tjcm;ol\ tkwfjrpfay: aqmufvkyfjcif;rjzpfap&ef igonf c&pfawmf\ emrawmf rMum;bl;aom t&yfwdkY
{0Ha*vdw&m; a[m&ef jyif;jypGm qE&Sd\/ 21if;rSm owif;r&cJhaom olwdkYonf olYudk jrif&Muum?
rMum;&aom olwdkYonf em;vnfMuvdrfhrnf[k usrf;pmvmonfhtwdkif; jzpfonf/
15;14
NASB ]]nDtpfudkwdkY? oifwdkYESifh qdkif um;? nDtpfudk wdkY.... igoabmayguf\/
NRJV ]]nDtpfudkwdkY? oifhwdkYESifh qdkif ,ck igoabmayguf\ }}
NRSV ]]ig\ nDtpfudk armifESrrsm;wdkY oifwdkYtaMumif;udk igonf ,kHMunfpdwfcsrI cHpm;&\/}}
TEV ]]rdwfaqGwdkY? oifwdkYonf.... aMumif; ig,kHMunfpdwfcsrIcHpm;&\/}}
NJB ]]oifwdkYtaMumif; oHo,wpHkw&m0if r[kwfyg/ nDtpfudkwdkY/ xdkokdYjzpfrnfhtpm;

oifwdkYonf....

aMumif; igtvGef&Sif;vif;onf/
*&dpum;wGif ]]ig}} (auto eg) [lonf tvGefYtvGef tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf
toif;awmfudk trSefpifppf csD;rGrf;aejcif;jzpfonf/ (]]oabmayguf}} PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE)
aygvkonf a&mrc&pf,mefrsm; taMumif;tcsufokH;csuf ajymonf/ i,f 14
431

1/ aumif;jrwfrI taygif;ESifh jynfhpkHMuonf (PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE)

2/ t&m&mudk od&SdMuonf (PRESENT PASSIVE PARTICLE)
3/ tcsif;csif; wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfEdkifpGrf;&SdMuonf/ (PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE)
ti,f\ qdkvdk&i;frSm aygvkonf olwdkYudk taMumif;t&mopf ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? olwdkYMum;cJh?
vufcHcJhjyD;aom owif;aumif;udkyif &Sif;vif;jcif;jzpfonf/ (i,f 15)
]]oifwdkYonf aumif;jrwfjcif;ESifh jynfhpkH}} 0gustpf ]]ig}} [l tav;teuf ajymonf enf;wl ]]oifwdkY}}

pum;vkH;vnf; tav;teufjyKonf/ ]]jynfh}} [laom a0g[m& (mestos) rSm ]]ESifhjynfhaom}} ]]tjynfh}} [l

jzpfonf/ aygvkonf a0g[m&udk ESpfMudrfomvQif okH;cJh&m ESpfckpvkH; a&mr Mo0gpm jzpfonf/ (1;29/
15;14)/
]]jynfh}} (plro) rSm PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ aygvkonf a0g[m&udk a&mrMo0g'pm
rMumcPokH;onf/ (a&mr 1;29/ 8;4/ 13;8/15;13?14?19)/ if;\ emrf pleroma udkvnf; a&mrMo0g'pm
rMucP okH;aomfvnf; (11;12?25/ 13;10/ 15;29) if;\ emr0daooeudkrl ola&;aom rnfonfhpm rS
rokH;cJhacs/
aygvk\ qErSm jynfh0aom {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;udk cspfjcif;arwmESifh
trIawmfaqmif&Gufa&;twGuf jynfhvQHpGm jznfhqnf;&efjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY vdkorQ
c&pfawmftxJ &&SdMuonf/ pdwfcsrIudk tjynfht0vufcH &&SdMu&ef vdkonf/
]]aumif;jrwfjcif;ESifh

jynfh t&m&mwdkYudk odum}} a0g[m&rsm; em;vnfoabmayguf&ef

enf;vrf;ESpfck&Sdonf/ (1) pmpk rwdkifrD 14;1-15;13 txd taMumif;t&mrsm; jzpfaom ormusrf;pmxJ
oJuJGpGm razmfjyonfh taMumif;t&mrsm; c&pf,mef tcsif;csif;tMum; uJGjym;jcm;em;rIrsm; tay: em;vnfrI
&SdMuonf/ taMumif;tm; ]]aumif;jrwf}} [laom pum;udk 14;16/ 15;2ESifh ae&mwdkY tokH;jyKjcif;onf
twnfjyKonf/ odkYr[kwf (2) if;onf ,kHMunfjcif; qkdif&m {0Ha*vd w&m;wpf&yfvkH;ESifh usifhokH;rI?
a&S;&dk;pOfvm,kHMunfrIESifh wdkYESifh qufpyfonf/

]]tcsif;csif;wdkufwGef; EdI;aqmfEdkifpGrf;&Sd}} toif;awmf [lonf tcsif;csif;tm;ay;? wdkufwGef; EId;aqmfrIjyK&ef

bk&m;ocifMuH&G,fxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ (1aum 12;7/ aum 3;16/ 1ouf 5;14/ 2ouf 3;15)/ uRefawmfwdkYonf
tcsif;csif;tapcHjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifudk tapcH&ef u,fwifjcif;cHMuonf uRefawmfwdkYonf udk,fcEmawmf
usef;rmap&efESifh MuD;xGm;ap&ef touf&SifMubdkYjzpfonf

15;15 ]]&J&ifhpGm a&;onf}} aygvkonf Mo0g'pmudk aum&dEKjrdKUrS aeum? a&mrjrdKUodkYa&;jcif;jzpfonf/

xdktoif;awmfrS tkyfpkwpfckonf olYtm; vludk,fwdkiftm;enf; aomfvnf;? ola&;aom pmrsm; &J&ifhonf[k
a0zef wdkufcdkufonf/ ]]&J&ifhpGm}} [laom Mwd,mpum;vkHykHpHudk 2aum 10;2? 12/ 11;21 wdkY awGU&onf/
aygvk &J&ifh&jcif;rSm ol\ ajymif;vJjcif;? ac:zdwfrIESifh {0Ha*vdw&m;tm; od&Sdem;vnfrIwdkYaMumifh jzpfonf/
]]bk&m;ocifonf

ighudk aus;Zl;jyKawmfrl\/}} aygvkonf olYtm; ac:zdwfaom u,fwifaom?

0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;ay;aom? wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;xH apvGwfaom (1;13/ 15;16) bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfudk
odonf/ (1;5/12;3/ 1aum 3;10/ 15;10/ *v 2;9/ {zuf 3;7-8) if;rSm ol\ wrefawmft&mESifh
tcGifhtmPmudk azmfjyjcif; wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (1;1?5)/
15;16 ]]trIawmfaqmif... trIawmfaqmif&Guf.... ylaZmfo@mtjzpf ay;vSL... vufoifhcHEdkifbG,f&m}} ti,f 16
ESifh 17 wdkY ,Zfyka&m [dwfqdkif&m a0g[m&ESihf pum;pk tawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdonf/ trIawmfaqmif Minister
432

pum;vkH;tm; ti,f 27 ,Zfyk a&m[dwfESifh qdkif okH;onf/ if;pum;vkH;udkyif c&pfawmf\

trIaqmif&Gufjcif;twGuf a[jAJ 8;2 okH;onf/ aygonf rdrdudk,f rdrd wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm;
bk&m;ocifxHodkY qufuyfonfh ,Zfyka&m[dwftjzpf (zd 2;17) olYudk,fol Ijrifum? if;tvkyfrSm tpa&;\
wm0efjzpfonf/ (xGuf 19;5-6/ a[&Sm 66;20)/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; tvkyfudk toif;awmftm;
tyfESif;xm;onf/ (rJ 28;18-20/ vkum 24;47/ wref 18)/ toif;awmfudkyif "ra[mif;,Zf[ka&m[dwf
a0g[m&rsm;jzifh 1ay 2;5?9 ESifh Asm 1;6wdkY ac:qdkonf/
]]bk & m;ocif \ {0H a *vd w &m;}} 4if;rSm a,Ic&pfawmf\ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; (rmuk 1;1/ a&mr 1;16/
15;19/ 1aum 9;12?18/ 2aum 2;12/ 4;4/ 9;13/ 10;14/ *vm 1;7 ... pojzifh) omvQif r[kwfbJ?
]]bk&m;ocif\{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;}} [lvnf;rSefuefpGmac:Edkifonf/ (rmuk 1;14/ a&mr 15;16/ 2aum
11;7/ 1ouf 2;2?8?9/ 1ay 4;17)/ 4if;rSmurm 3;15/ 12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6 ESifha[&Sm
,usrf;vnf;rMumcPya&mzufjyKonfhtwdkif; (a[&Sm 2;2-4/ 51;4?5) bk&m;ocif\ESvHk;om;tvdk
jynfhjcif;jzpfonf/
]]oef Y & S i f ; aom0d n mOf a wmf o nf o ef Y & S i f ; apaom}} 4if;onf PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE
jzpft"dyg,frSm
]]oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonfoefY&Sif;pifMu,fapcJhum?
qufvuffoefY&Sif;pifMu,f
aponf}} [ljzpf\/ 4if;onfa&mrtoif;awmftwGif;*sL;ESifh wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tMum;wif;rmrIudk
wzefay:vGifapjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;udkoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf
tjynfht0vufcH
umoefY&Sif;pifMu,fapcJhNyD;qufvufvnf; xdkodkYjyKaeonf[kaygvk&Sif;vif;pGmazmfjycJhonf (1aum 6;11)/

433

15;17-19 oHk;yg;wpfql\pkpnf; aomvkyfaqmifrIudkrSwfom;xm;yg/ bk&m;ocifxHawmfodkY (i,f

17) c&pfawmftxJ(i,f17) ESifh0dnmOfawmf\wefcdk;awmftxJ(i,f19)/ aygif;pyfbk&m; (godhead)
\ yk*KvfoHk;yg;wdkYudkti,f 30 Munfhyg/ ]]oHk;yg;wpffql}}[laoma0g[m& ormusrf;pmr&Sdaomfvnf;
xdktaMumif;rSm&Sdaeonf (rJ 3;16-17/ 28;19/ wrefawmf 2;33-34/ a&mr 8;9-10/ 1aum 12;4-6/
2aum 1;21/ 13;14/ {zuf 1;3-14/ 4;4-6/ wdwk 3;4-6/ 1ay 1;2/) txl;taMumif;t&m/
/oHk;yg;
wpfql - 8;11 Munfhyg/
15;18-19 aygvkonfwyg;trsdK;rsm;tMum;rdrdtrIawmfaqmif&Gufjcif; tusdK;oufa&mufyHktrsdK;rsdK;
wkdYudkpm&if;jyKpk&mrSm (1)pum;tm;jzifh (2)tjyKtrltm;jzifh (3)edrdwfvuPmrsm;tm;jzifh (4)tHhMobG,f
&mrsm;tm;jzifhESifh (5)wavQmufvHk;0dnmOfawmfwefcdk;tm;jzifh/
# 5ESifhqdkif rluGJvuffa&;usrf;wpfrsdK;taMumif; rSwfpkwpfck&Sdonf/ 4if;rSm ]]0dnmOfawmf (MS
B) ESifh qdkifonf/ tcsdKU*&drl&if;pmrsm; ]]oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf}} (MSS A.D) aygif; xnfhum
tcsdKUrI ]]bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf}} [ljzpfonf/ (MSS P46, N, D2) odkYtrsdK;rsdK;
uGJjym;aeonfhenf;wl jznfhpGufrI (odkY) 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaom&Sif;vif;csufuav;
xnfhoGif;csufwkdYonfusrf;ydk'f\ormw&m;udkrxdcdkufacs/ 4if;rSmusrf;pmul;q&mwdkYonform usrf;
ta&;tom;tm;tqifhjrifhwifay;&eftm;xkwfavh&SdMuyHkwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ UBS4 onf ]]bk&m;ocif\
0dnmOf}} tm; ]]C}} tqifh (qHk;jzwf&eftvGefcufcJ) owfrSwfonf/
15;18 ]]wyg;trsdK;om;wdkYtm;...emcHap}} bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fyef;wdkifrSmrdrd\ MuiftifvuPmudk
ay:vGifapaomvlrsm;jzpfavh&Sdonf/ a,I\{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf urmOD;ckxJuusqif;rl
aysmufuG,foGm;cJh&aombk&m;ocif\ oPmefawmfudkjyefvnfazmfaqmifonf/ bk&m;ocifESifh&if;ESD;
uRrf;0ifaomrdwfo[m,onfbk&m;w&m;ESifh nDaomtusifhpdkuftm;jzifhay:vGifxif&Sm;onf/ c&pf,mef
\&nf&G,fcsufyef;wdkifrSmbk&m;ocifESifh rdwfo[m,jyKjcif;ESifh ,ckyifc&pfawmfESifhwljcif;jzpfonf/
]]EIwftm;jzifhjzpfap? tjyKtrltm;jzifhjzpfap}} 4if;onfa&mrNrdKUc&pf,mefrsm;\emcHrIr[kwfbJaygvk
\trIawmfvkyfief;udkajymonf/ 4if;onfti,f 19 azmfjyaom0dnmOfawmf\wefcdk;ESifh qufpyfonf/
15;19 ]]tHhMobG,f&mrsm;ESifhedrdwfvuPmrsm;}} a0g[m&ESpfckwkdYrSmwrefawmf0wKrMumcP
twloHk;avh&Sdum (wref 14;8-10/ 16;16-18? 25? 26/ 20;9-12/ 28;8-9) {0Ha*vdw&m; bk&m;
ocif\wefcdk;tvkyfvkyfyHkudkazmfjyonf (2aum 12;12)/ 4if;pum;vHk;ESpfvHk;rSmt"dym,fwloa,mif&Sd
onf/ twdtusrSmtHhMobG,f&m(odkYr[kwf) vlrsm;ajymif;vJoGm;Mujcif;b,f[mjzpfaMumif;raocsmacs/
aemufwzefae&mvnf;4if;onfaygvk\wrefawmft&mESifhqdkif wif;rmrI&SdaMumif;t&dyft>rufjy
jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ bk&m;ocifonfq,fhESpfyg;wkdYvkyfonfht&mudk a,k&SvifjrdKUtwnfjyKcJhonfh
enf;wlwyg;trsdK;rsm;twGif;aygvk\tvkyfudkvnf;jrifEdkifaom edrdwfvuPmrsm;jzifhtwnfjyKonf/
]]c&pfawmf\{0Ha*vdw&m;udktukeftpifa[majymcJhNyD/}} 4if;rSm pleroo \PERFECT
ACTIVE INFINITIVE wpfckjzpfonf/ (ti,f 14) 4if;onfajrxJyifv,fta&SUzufa'o{0H
a*vdw&m; a[m&ef wm0efNyD;pD;cJhNyDjzpfonf[kaygvk,HkMunfonfqdkaomoabmoufa&mufonf/
(i,f 23)/
]]vk&dwfjynfwdkifatmif}} a&mre,fwe,fjzpfNyD;'rm&d - Dalmatia e,f[kvnf;ac:onf/ *&d
uRef;qG,f (rmau'dkeD;,m;) taemufajrmufydkif;at&pf (Adriatic) yifv,f\ta&SUzufwnf&Sdonf/

434

a'oaygvkkw&m;a[mcJhaMumif; wrefawmf0wK razmfjycJhbl;aomfvnf; ae&mrlajymygonf

(20;1-2)/ odkYr[kwf ]]e,fajr}} [kqkdvdkjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
15;20 ]]odkYjzifh...c&pfawmf\emrawmftm;rMum;bl;aomt&yfwkdY {0Ha*vdw&m;a[m&efjyif;jy
pGmqE&Sdonf}} 4if;rSmwavQmufvHk;aygvk\ omoemjyKvkyfief;enf;AsL[mjzpfavh&Sdonf/ (1aum
3;10/ 2aum 10;15-16)/ olonfowif;aumif;Mum;&efESifh vufcH&eftcGifhta&;r&cJhbl;ol
omoemyvlrsm;tm;{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;a[majymvdkonf/ olonfr[mAsL[musaoma&mr tifyg
,mtwGif;BuD;rm;aom? NrdKUBuD;rsm;udka&G;cs,favh&Sdonf/ taMumif;rSmywf0ef;usife,frsm;owif;
aumif;jyefYEHSapum? wynfhawmfjzpfapEdkif&efjzpfonf/
15;21 4if;rSm Septuagint \a[&Sm, 52;15 rSudk;um;csufjzpfNyD; bk&m;ociftaMumif;wyg;
trsdK;om;rsm;Mum;&jcif;taMumif;ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonftem*wdpum;udk rdrdomoemjyK
vkyfief;\r[mAsL[mtjzpfoHk;onf/
NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 15;22-29

22

taMumif;aMumifh oif
wkdYqDigvm&efrMumcPwm;qD;cH&onf/
odkYaomf,ckrle,fajrrsm;aemufxyfe,fajr
24
pydefEdkifiH
rusefawmhojzifhoifwdkYqDvmcsifonfrSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;ujzpfonf/
l
odkYigoGm;onfhtcg? oifwkdYqDudkvmum? oifwkdYESifh twltawmftwefaeNyD;vQif? xdkt&yf
odkYigoGm;&mwGif oifwkdY\ulnDrI&&Sd&efarQmfvifhonf/ 25 ,ckrloefY&Sif;olwdkYudkulnD&ef
a,k&SvifNrdKUodkYigoGm;OD;rnf/26 taMumif;rSma,k&SvifNrdKU oefY&Sif;olrsm;teuf qif;&J
aomolrsm;tm;rmaua'gedESifh tcg,jynfom;wdkYonftultnDay;vdkMuonf/27 [kwfyg
onf/ olwdkYxdkodkYvkyfvkdpdwf&SdMuum? olwdkYay:a<u;wifolrsm;vnf;jzpfMuonf/ taMumif;
rSmwyg;trsdK;om;wkdYonfolwdkY\0dnmOfa&;udp udka0rQ&&SdMuonfqdkvQif? olwkdYonf rdrdwdkY
\ypnf;Opmrsm;jzifholwkdYudktvkyftauR;jyK&ef ta<u;wif&SdMuonf/28 xkdYa Mumifhudp
igjznfhqnf; ay;um? olwdkY\toD;tay:ig\wHqdyfcyfESdyfNyD;vQifoifwkdYbufvrf;udkvkduf
pydefjynfodkYigoGm;rnf/29 oifwkdYqDigvmaomtcgc&pfawmf\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmtjynfhjzifh
a&mufvm rnfudkigod\
23

15;22 ]]taMumif;aMumifh}} taMumif;ti,f 20 &Sif;vif;onf/

]]rMumcPwm;qD;cH&onf}} 4if;rSm IMPERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE
wpfckjzpfonf/ olxyfcgwvJvJwm;qD;ydwfyifjcif;cH&onf (1;13)/ taMumif;&if;razmfjyacs/
4if;rSmbk&m; ocifjzpf Edkifonf/ pmwefraumif;aomvlrsm; (odkY) tjcm;aomowif;aumif;
a[m&eftcGiahf umif;rsm;jzpfEikd o
f nf/
aygvkonfa&mrMo0g'pmudk rdrdaum&dEKNrdKUaepOfa&;om;jcif;jzpfaMumif;owd&yg/ aygvkonf
rdrdpDpOfxm;aomc&D;pOfrsm;twdkif;? roGm;EdkifcJhojzifhaum&dEKNrdKU&Sd olYtm;qefYusifolrsm;uwdkufcdkufMu
onf/ aum&dEKtoif;awmftwGif;rSwdkufcdkufrIrsm;onfaygvkudktrSefyifxdcdkufoGm;onf/ rdrdc&D;pOfrsm;
xyfcgwvJvJwm;qD;ydwfyifcH&yHktm; azmfjyjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/

435

15;23 ]]odkYaomf,ckrle,fajrrsm;aemufxyfe,fajrrusefawmh}} taMumif;udk tm&Srdkif;em;

(0g) ajrxJyifv,fta&SUzufe,fajrtjzpfa'ouefYowf&efjzpfonf/ aygvkonfa'orsm;\ae&m
wdkif;? vlwdkif;tm;w&m;a[mcJhjcif;r[kwfbJ? a'otcsdKU? vlYtcsdKUtm;a[majymcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
]]oifwdkYqDvmcsifonfrSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;ujzpf}} \/ aygvkonfa&mrNrdKUodkY oloGm;
vkdaMumif;rMumcPazmfjyonf/ (1;10-15/ wref 19;21/ 23;11)/
UBS4 \pDppfrI atmufajcrSwfpkryg0ifaom rsdK;uGJ*&dvufa&;usrf; wpfcktcsuf&Sd onf/
*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;jzpfonf MSS P46, Aleph, A, D, F, G & L wkdY ti,f 22 oHk;aom
]]trsm;tjym;}} (polus) pum;vHk;yg&Sdaomfvnf; MSS B, C & P wdkY ]]tawmfrsm;rsm;}} several
(ikanos) [lyg&Sdonf/ aemufydkif; usrf;ul;q&mrsm;onfaygvk\ tvGeftuRH ajymqdkrIudk
pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpf MuonfESifh wlygonf/
15;24 ]]pydefEdkifiHodkYigoGm;onfhtcg}} aygvkonfa&mrtifyg,m\ taemufbufe,frsm;odkYoGm;vdk
onf/ (2aum 10;16) wrefawmf0wKtqHk;wGifa&mrNrdKUtusOf;uscH&mrS olvGwfajrmufumpwkw
tBudrfajrmufomoemjyKc&D;pOfxGufcJhonf/ oif;tkyfMo0gpmrsm; (1wdarmao? 2wdarmaoESifh wdwk)
ukdxdkpOfua&;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tcsdKU*&dpmvHk;BuD;usrf;rsm;jzpfonfh Aleph, C ESifh Latin Vulgate,
Coptic bmomjyefusrf;wdkYae&mwGif ]]a*gvfjynf (Gaul)}} [kyg&Sd&m 2wd 4;10 onf
taMumif;&nfGef; jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ yxr&mpkrukefrDpma&;aom Clement of Rome (Ad Cor
5:7) onfrdrd\ ]]aum&dEKNrdKU odkYay;pm}} 5;7 aygvkonf ]]taemufzufodkYrjzpfraeoGm;vdkonf}}
[ktcdkiftrmazmfjyonf/
]]xdkt&yfodkYoGm;&mwGifoifwkdY\ulnDrI&&Sd}} c&D;vSnfhvnfoGm;vmolomoemjyKq&mrsm;tm;
olwdkYoGm;&eft&yfrsm;odkYtultnDay;aom toif;awmfrsm;twGif;pum;pkrSm oHk;aeustoHk;tEIef;
jzpfvmonf/ (wrefawmf 15;3/ 1aum 16;6?11/ 2aum 1;16/ wdwk 3;13/ 3a,m6)/ a,k&Svif
toif;awmfrSrydkYEkdifaomfvnf; taemufydkif;odkYaygvkomoemjyKc&D;oGm;jcif;twGufrIolwdkYonfaiGaMu;
axmufyHhEdkifMuvdrfhrnf/
15;25 ]]oefY&Sif;olwdkYudk ulnD&ef}} pum;vHk;ukd &HyHkaiG&Smjcif; udpoHk;avh&Sdygonf/ (i,f 31/
1aum 16;15/ 2aum 8;4/9;1)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / oefY&Sif;olrsm;1;7Munfhyg/
15;26 ]] a,k&SvifNrdKUoefY&Sif;olrsm;teuf qif;&Jolrsm;tm; ...... ulnD}} aygvkonf tvSL
aiGaumufcHrIudkESpfaygif;tawmfrsm;rsm;rSp (1) *vmwdESifh tm&Srdkif;em;a'orS (1aum 16;1-4)
vnf;aumif; (2) rmaua'gedESifh tcg,jynfwkdYrSvnf;aumif; (2aum&dEK 8-9) &&SdvmcJhonf/
(txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Koinnia 12;13 Munfhyg/) olonfxdktBuHudk tEDtkwfNrdKUrS&cJh
jcif;jzpfonf/ (wref 11;30/ 12;25)/ 4if;rSmueOD;toif;awmf\ awmifyHESpf&yfjzpfaom*sL;ESifh wyg;
trsdK;om;wkdYtMum;nDGwfrItwGufulnD&efjzpfonf/ wyg;trsdK;om;toif;awmfrsm;onfxdkodkYjyK&jcif;
tm; ]]0rf;ajrmufMuonf}} [kazmfjyonf/ (ti,f 26?27)/ atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mMunfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ tiwfab;
1/ tzGifhrdwfquf
u/ tiwfab;onfvlom;ESifh zefqif;jcif;\usqif;aomtajctaeudktNrJowd&apaomtcsufwpf
ckjzpfonf/
436

c/

tiwfab;onfqdk;oGrf;rIESifh 'kuqif;&JcHjcif;\rsufESmpmwpfckjzpfonf/ 4if;\taMumif;&if;

rSmbk&m;ocifaMumifhr[kwfbJ? vlom;aMumifhjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\y#dnmOfcHvlrsdK;
awmftm;qkcs&ef (0g) 'Pfcwf&efpdkufysdK;a&;qdkif&maumif;csD;r*Fvm (odkY) usdefqJjcif; tr*Fvm
udkoHk;cJhaomfvnf; (w&m;a[m 27-28) 4if;rSma,bk,stm;jzifh ,HkMunfolrsm;xdkodkYr[kwfacs/
(rJ 5;45)/ tiwfab;onf kyf0g'Dvlom;rsm;\avmbESifh twqefjcif;\tjcm;jy,k*f
wpfckjzpfonf/ tiwfab;onftpm;tpmqdkif&m jyemoufoufr[kwfbJ vlom;rsm;\jyKrl
&jcif;\ taMumif;w&m;ESifhOD;pm;ay;t&m rsm;ESifhqdkifonf/
*/
tiwfab;onfbk&m;ocif\ arwmawmfudkjyoa&;twGufa&G;cs,fcHvlom;rsm;\tcGifhaumif;
wpf&yfjzpfonf/ toif;awmfESifh avmuBuD;\kyfydkif;qkdif&mvdktyfrIrsm;tay:,HkMunfolrsm;
\wHkYjyefrIrsm;onf rdrdwkdYrnfoljzpfaMumif; urmBuD;tm;jyoonf/
2/ ormusrf;pmxJtaMumif;t&mrsm;
u/ "ra[mif;usrf;
1/ arma&S
(u) a&S;acwftpa&;\q,fbkdYwpfbkdYtvSLay;&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;oHk;ckteufwpfckrSm
qif;&Jom;rsm;twGufjzpfonf/ (w&m;a[m 14;28-29)/
(c) ynwdusrf;qif;&Jom;rsm;pm;&ef txl;axmufyHhrIrsm;&Sdonf/ xGuf 23;11/ 0wfjyK
19;10/ 23;22/ w&m;a[m 24;19-22/
(*) ynwdusrf;onf qif;&Jom;rsm;twGuf wefbdk;enf;,ZfylaZmfrIrsm;txl; jyifqifay;
onf/ (0wfjyK 14;21)/
(C) tpa&;onfr&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;tay:oem;um rdrdwkdY\ pdwfESvHk;wHcg;zGifhay;&efjzpf
onf/ (w&m;a[m 15;7-11/ a,mb 29;16/ 30;25/ 31;16-23)/
2/ ynmqdkif&musrf;rsm;
(u) qif;&Jom;rsm;udkulnDwwfolrsm;twGufomjzpfaomtxl;aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;&Sdonf/
(qmvH 41;4)/

(c)

qif;&Jom;rsm;udk ulnDay;jcif;rSmbk&m;ocifudkulnDjcif;jzpfonf/ (okwH 14;31/

17;5/ 19;17)/

3/

ya&mzufusrf;rsm;
(u) vlrIa&;w&m; rQwrIESifh r&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;tm;oemMuifemjcif; yHkpHrsdK;jzifholUtm;
0wfjyKudk;uG,f&ef bk&m;ocifrdefUqdkonf/ (a[&Sm 58;6-7/ rdum6;8)/
(c) bk&m;ocif\ owif;pum;jzpfaMumif;jyoaom edrdwfvuPmwpfckrSm4if;udkqif;&J
om;rsm;ESifh csdKUwJholrsm;xHa[majymjcif;jzpfonf/ (a[&Sm 61; 1-2)
(*) vlrIa&;qdkif&macgif;yHkjzwfrIrsm;udk bk&m;ocif\ya&mzufrsm;uqefYusifHIUcsavh&SdMu
onf/ (tmrkwf 2;6-8/ 5;10-13/ rdum)
c/ "ropfusrf;
1/ c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;
(u)
(c)

qif;&Jom;rsm;tm;ulnD&ef tBuHay;wdkufwGef;onf/ (rmuk 10;21/ vkum 3;11)/

uRefawmfwkdYtay:vlrIa&;qdkif&mpD&ifcsufonf tjcm;olrsm;ay:a,I\emrawmfjzifh
cspfjcif;tay:tajcjyKonf/ trS437
efrSmtjcm;olrsm;udkulnDjcif;rSma,Itm; ulnDjcif;
jzpfonf/ (rJ 25;31-46)/

(*)

(C)

rmuk 14;7 tm;a,Ionf qif;&Jom;rsm;udk pdk;&drfaMumifhusrIcsdKUwJholjzpf

aMumif;jyorItjzpfoHk;jcif;rSm BuD;rm;vSaomem;vnfrIvTJrSm;jcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;onf
a,Itm;rnfonfht&mESihfrQ EdIif;r&oljzpfaMumif;jyorIjzpfum? qif;&Jom;rsm;udk
avQmhajymjcif;r[kwfacs/
a[&Sm, 61;1-2 onfbk&m;ocif\owif;awmfudkvufcHolwkdYonfvlrIa&;t&0dkif;
y,fcHrnfjzpfaMumif;ay:vGifaponf/ (vkum 4;18/ 7;22/ 14;21)/

2/ aygvk
(u)

a,k&SifvifNrdKUtoif;awmf&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;twGuf cspfjcif;arwmtxl;tvSLaiG wpfrsdK;

taMumif;udkaygvkonfqD;&D;,m;jynfbEDtkwfNrdKUrS&&SdcJhonf/ (a&mr 15;26/ 1aum
16;1/ 2aum 8;4? 6? 19/ *vm 2)/
(c) aygvkonfaus;Zl;awmf? ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh vkyfaqmifrIwkdYudk tav;teufajymonf/
({zuf 2;8-10)/
3/ ,mukyf ( "ropf\ynmusrf;)
(u) vlrIa&;odwwfjcif;r&SdbJ c&pfawmfrSwqifhbk&m;ocifudk,HkMunfjcif;rSma&m*gonfjzpf
\/ (,mukyf 2;14-17)/
(c) olajymonfrSm tusifhrygaom ,HkMunfjcif;onfaoqHk;onf[ljzpf\/
4/ a,m[ef
(u) 1a,m[efMo0gpm tckdiftrmajymonfrSmc&pf,mefjzpfaMumif;pdwfcs&rI rSm,HkMunfjcif;
ESifh aqmif&Gufjcif;tm;jzifh ajymif;vJaomb0toufwmay:tajcjyKonf[ljzpf\/
(1a,m 3;17-18)/
3/ ed * H k ; csKyf

u/

vlom;\qif;&J'kuBuD;ESifh csdKwJhrIrsm;rSmvlom;\tjypfaMumifhjzpfonf/ tiwfab;rsuf

ESmpmtawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdonf/
(1) rdkufrJaom tusifhtBuH (okwH 19;15)/
(2) bk&m;ocif\ 'PfcwfrI (w&m;a[m 27-28)/
(3) 0dnmOfa&;&m trIaqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh qkdifonf (2aum 11;27)/
(4) vlrIqkdif&mtajctaersm; (avmbBuD;jcif;? t,ltqqdkif&mrsm;... pojzifh)
(5) kkyf0wKqdkif&mtajctaersm; (tiwfab;? a&BuD;jcif;? rdkCf;oD;rsm; ... pojzifh)

c/

bk&m;ocifonf vlrsm;udktrSefyif*kpdkufonf/ olonfcsdKUwJholrsm;udktxl;wvnf

cspfawmfrlonf/

438

*/

vufawGUaqmif&Gufaomtoif;awmfonfvlom;rsm;\vkdtyfrIrsm; (kyfydkif;? 0dnmOfydkif;)

jznfhqnf;&m bk&m;ocifay;aomtajzjzpfonf/
(1) vludk,fwdkif wdkufdkufvkyfaqmifjcif;
(2) toif;awmftaejzifh tpktaygif;ESifh aqmif&Gufjcif;
(3) tajymif;tvJjyK&ef EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;
C/ uREfkyfwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\,Ofaus;rIESifh vlwpfOD;csif;qdkif&mOD;pm;ay;rIrsm;udk wefbdk;jzwf
&mwGiformusrf;pm\ tvif;xJ tqHk;tjzwfjyKMu&ygrnf/ (2aum&dEK 8-9)/
i/ uREfkyfwkdYonfjynfwGif;jynfytoif;awmfESifh avmuxJvlom;rsm;\vkdtyfrIrsm;twGuf
rdrdwdkY\ rsufvHk;rsm;? ESvHk;om;rsm;ESifh vufrsm;zGifhxm;& ygrnf/
p/ ulnDrI[lonf r[mapckdif;awmfrljcif;tvif;xJwGifc&pfawmftxJ&SdoluRefawmfwkdYESifh
qufpyfae&ygrnf/ (rJ 28;18-20)/ tultnD[lonfkyfydkif;? 0dnmOfydkif;ESpfrsdK;
pvHk;twGufjzpf&ygrnf/

15;27 ]]qdkvQif}} 4if;rSmyxrwef;pm; cRif;csufyg 0gusrsdK;jzpfNyD;? pma&;oltjrif rSefonf[k

rSwf,laomt&m odkYr[kwf pma&;ol\a&;[efjzpfonf/ wyg;trsdK;wdkYonf *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;\
0dnmOfaumif;csD;rsm;&&SdMuonfqdkvQif (a&mr 10-11) olwdkYonf a,k&SvifNrdKU &dSrdciftoif; awmf\
kyfydkif;vkdtyfrIrsm;ulnDMu&rnfomjzpfonf/
15;28
NASB
]]udpjznfhqnf;ay;um? olwkdY\ toD;ay:ig\wHqdyfcwfESdyfcJhNyD;vQif}}
NKJV
]]udpvkyfudkifaqmif&GufNyD;? toD; udkolwkdYxH wHqdyfcwfESdyfNyD;vQif}}
NRSV
]]udpNyD; atmif
aqmif&Gufum?
aumufcH&&Sdonfht&mudk
olwdkYxHtyfESHcJhNyD;vQif}}
TEV ]]wm0efudk igNyD;pD;um? aumufcJhorQ aiGtm;vHk;olwkdYudk tyfcJhNyD;onfhtcg}}
NJB ]]okdYjzifhudpNyD;pD;um? aumufcHonfht &mudk olwkdYvufxJtvkyfoabmt&tyfESHcJh NyD;
onfhtcg}}
4if;rSm AORIST PARTICIPLE wpfckESifh AORIST MIDDLE PARITICPLE
wpfckjzpfonf/
txkyfwpfxkwftm;txJxnfhxm;onfht&mrsm;
vHkNcHKaMumif;aocsmap&ef
wHqyd fEydS jf cif;ud&k nfeT f;onf/
4if;rSmay;cJhorQaiGrsm;tm;vHk;ykdumvufcH&&Sdap&efaygvkoHk;aomenf;jzpfEdkifonf/ udpaocsmap&ef
aygvkonftultnDay;aomtoif;awmfrsm;rSm udk,fpm;vS,ftcsdKUudkygac:oGm;onf/ (wrefawmf 20;4)/
]]wHqdyf}} taMumif;txl;taMumif;t&m 4;11 Munfhyg/
15;29 *&dpum;vHk; Plro/plrma udkjyefoHk;aMumif;rSwfom;yg/ ti,f 14 rSwfcsufMunfhyg/
]]c&pfawmf\aumif;csD;r*Fvm}} 4if;onf{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;a[mMum;jcif;? oGefoifjcif;tm;

jzifh&&Sdaomaumif;csD;r*Fvmudk&nfGef;onf/ 4if;onfqkawmif;csufoabmajymjcif;r[kwfacs/
taMumif;ydkem;vnfoabmaygufap&ef ]]c&pfawmf\{0Ha*vdw&m;\aumif;csD;r*Fvm}} [l
aompum;pkudktcsdKUa&SUa[mif;*&drl&if;pmrsm;jznfhpGufMuonf/
(MSS Aleph2, NKJV)
439

ydkwkdawmif;aom rl&if;pmudk MSS Aleph*, A, B, C, D, F, G, wdkYawGU&onf/ UBS4

onfydkwkdaompmudk ]] A }} (aocsm) tqifhowfrSwfonf/
NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 15;30-33
30

nDtpfudkwdkY? igESifhtwlBudK;pm;um? igtwGufbk&m;ocifxHqka wmif;ay;ygrnf

taMumif;? igwkdY\ocifa,Ic&pfawmfESifh 0dn mOfawmf\cspfjcif;arwmtm;jzifhoifwdkYudk ig
31
wkdufwGef;EId;aqmf\/ ,k'jynf&Sd remcHolwkdYvufrS igonfu,fEIw fjcif;&rnftaMumif;ESifh
a,k&SvifNrdKUtwGuf
ig\aqmif&GufrIonfoefY&Sif;olwdkYtwGufvufoifhcHEdkifbG,f&mjzpf
32
aMumif; aocsmap&efESifh igonfbk&m;ocif\tvdkawmftm;jzifhoifwkdYxH0rf;ajrmufpGmvm
a&mufum? oifwkdYESifht wlaygif;azmfjcif;tm;jzifhjyefvnftm;jynfhum? tem;&ygrnftaMumif;
33
Nidrfoufjcif;\ bk&m;ocifonfoifwkdYtaygif;ESifh twl&Sdawmfrlapownf; /
wnf;/
tmrif/
15;30 ]]igESifh twlBudK;pm;ygrnftaMumif; ... igwkdufwGef;EId;aqmf\}} 4if;wdkYrSm tm;aumif;aom
*&da0g[m&rsm;jzpfonf/ yxra0g[m&udk a*oa&SrefO,smOf a,IBudK;pm;kef;uef;pOfvnf;oHk;yg
onf/ 'kwd,a0g[m&udk 12;1 vnf;oHk;ygonf/ aygvkonfrdrdudk,fwdkifESifh {0Ha*vdtrIawmftwGuf
vkdtyfyHkukdtav;teufcHpm;od&Sdonf/ (2aum 1;11/ {zuf 6;18-20/ aum 4;3/ 1ouf 5;25/
2ouf 3;1)/ cufcJrnfjzpfaMumif;a,k&SvifNrdKUolYtawGUtBuHKt&aocsmaeonf/ (i,f 31)/ a&mrNrdKU
odkYola&muf&SdoGm;cJhaomfvnf;olxifcJhaomenf;vrf;rsdK;jzifhrIr[kwfcJhacs/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Mum;
0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif; - 9;3 Munfhyg/
15;30-33 aygvk\ qkawmif;csufonf tvdkqEoHk;ckazmfjyonf/
1/
,k'jynf&SdolU&efolrsm;vufrS u,fEIwfjcif;&&SdEdkif&ef (wrefawmf 20;22-23)
2/
wyg;trsdK;om;toif;awmfrsm;rS vufaqmifudk a,k&Sviftoif;awmfonf
aumif;rGefpGmvufcHap&ef (wrefawmf 15;1/ 21;17)
3/
xdkYaemufrl pydefEdkifiHodkYoGm;&m a&mrNrdKUodkY oGm;a&mufvnfywf&ef/
15;30 ]]igESifhtwlBudK;pm;um}} a0g[m&udk "ropfusrf; ae&mwGifomoHk;onf/ 4if;rSm sun
pum;vHk; (twlwuG) ESifh agonizomai (NydKifqdkifwkdufcdkuf? pdwfxufoefpGmtm;xkwf 1aum 9;25/
aum 1;29/ 4;12/ 1wd 4;10/ 6;12) wkdYudkaygif;pyfaompum;vHk;jzpfonf/ jyif;xefaom
INFINITIVE
pum;vHk;onfwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;\
tvSLudka,k&SvifNrdKU
rdcif
toif;awmfonfvufcHEdkif&ef
aygvkESifh
twl'kucHum
qkawmif;&efa&mrtoif;awmftm;
ac:zdwfjcif;jzpfonf/
15;31 ]] remcHolwdkY}} 4if;onf *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;\qefYusifrI (0g) *sL;bmom0ifwkdYudk&nfGef;NyD;?
a,bk,stm;jzifh toif;awmfudk &nfGef;jcif;r[kwfacs/ (11;30?31)/
15;32 aygvk\qkawmif;wifjycsufonf aemufxyftcsufESpfcsufjzifhtqHk;owfonf/ (1) 0rf;ajrmuf
0rf;ompGmolwkdYqDvmEdkif&efESifh (2) olwkdYESifhtwlem;em;aeae aejzpfygrnftaMumif;jzpfonf/ pum;
vHk; (AORIST MIDDLE [Deponent] Sunanapauomai) \
SUBJUNCTIVE
udk"ropfusrf;wGif ae&momoHk;aomfvnf; a[&Sm, 11;6 rloHk;ygonf/ aygvkonf ti,f 12
440

 a[&Sm, 11;1?10 udkudk;um;onf/ aygvkonf&ifhusufaom,HkMunfolrsm;xHNidrf0yfpGmtem;&um?

jyefvnftm;jynfhvm&ef tcsdefwpfckvkdtyfaeygonf/ (2aum 4;7-12/ 6;3-10/ 11;23-33)
odkYaomf4if;udkolr&&SdcJh&Smacs/ zrf;qD;jcif;? ppfaq;jcif;ESifh ESpfESifhcsDumtusOf;cscH&jcif;wkdYonf
ygvufpwdkif;olYtm;apmifhqdkif;vsuf &Sdaeygaumvm;
tcef;i,frluGJvufa&;usrf;rsm;pGm&Sdonf/
15;33 ]] Nidrfoufjcif;\bk&m;ocif }} 4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\ thHMop&mbGJUemrawmfjzpfonf/ (16;20/
2aum 13;11/ zd 4;9/ 1ouf 5;23/ 2ouf 3;16/ a[NAJ 13;20)/
]]tmrif}} txl;taMumif;t&m 1;25 Munfhyg/

aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm;
pmtkyfrSmrnfuJhodkYteufzGifh&rnf taMumif; vrf;nTefrI tm;avhvmjcif;jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonf
rSmormusrf;pmtm;teufzGifh&efrdrd\ wm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkYwpfOD;csif;onfrdrd&Sd
aomtvif;xJavQmufoGm;&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm;teufjyef&moifudk,fwdkif ormusrf;pmESifh
0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudkteufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;
tay:omyHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
tcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf;ESifh zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm; owfrSwfazmfjyyg/ rdrd
\taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk acwfopfbmomjyefusrf; ig;usrf;wkdYESifh EdIif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'frsm;onf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ &nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&efaomhcsufjzpf
onf/ 4if;rSm teufzGifhjcif;\ t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD;?
pmydk'ftaMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/
1/
yxrpmydk'f
2/
'kwd,pmykd'f
3/
wwd,pmydk'f
4/
---- pojzifh
1/
"ropf,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf "ra[mif;usrf;onfrnfodkYtusdK;&Sdoenf; (i,f 4-5/ 1aum 10;6?
11
2/
aygvkonf ti,f 9-12 tb,fhaMumifh"ra[mif;usrf;udkudk;um;oenf; 4if;usrf;ydk'fwkdY
onf BuD;rm;aomrnfonfh ormw&m;rsm;oGefoifoenf;
3/
a&mrMo0g'\ tydkif;wGif*sL;ESifh wyg;trsdK;rsm;tMum;wif;rmrI b,fae&may:aejcif;jzpf
Edkifoenf;
4/
a&mrMo0g'pm\ tydkif;wGifaygvk\ wrefawmft&m taMumif;wif;rmrI b,fae&may:ae
oenf;
5/
a,k&SvifNrdKUtoif;awmftwGuf wyg;trsdK;rsm;vSL'gef;Mujcif;twGufaygvk\ taMumif;jy
csufrSmtb,fenf; (i,f 15-28)
6
aygvk\omoemvkyfief;r[mAsL[mrSm tb,fenf; tb,faMumifph ydejf ynfoYkd olomG ;csif
oenf;

441

7/

8/

aygvkonf rdrdtvkyfrSm ,Zfyka&m[dwftvkyfuJhodkYjzpfaMumif;ESifh (i,f 16) 4if;onf ,Zfyka&m

[dwfrsm;\EdkifiHjzpfaomtpa&;ESifhjzpfap (xGuf 19;5-6) odkYr[kwf toif;awmfESifh (1ay 2;5?
9/ Asm 1;6) jzpfaprnfuJhodkYtb,faMumifh qufpyfonf[kazmfjyMuoenf;
bk&m;ocifonf ti,f 30-33 uaygvk\qkawmif;csufudk tajzay;cJhygovm;

442

a&mr 16
acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\pmydk'fcGJrsm;
UBS4
EIwfqufpum;
16;1-2

16;3-16

16;17-20

16;21-23

NKJV
ESrzdaAudk
axmufcHjcif;
16;1-2
a&mroefY&Sif;ol
rsm;tm;EIwfqufjcif;
16;3-16

uGJjym;apoludk
a&Smif
16;17-20
aygvkrdwfaqGrsm;
\EIwfqufpum;
16;21-24

bkef;awmfbGJU

aumif;csD;ay;jcif;

16;25-27

16;25-27

NRSV
EIwfqufjcif;
16;1-2

16;3-16

16;17-20

16;21
16;22
16;23

16;25-27

TEV

NJB

EIwfqufjcif;

EIwfqufjcif;ESifh
arwmydkYjcif;
16;1-2

16;1-2

16;3-16
16;5-7
16;8-11
16;12-15
16;16
aemufqHk;rdefY
rmcsufrsm;
16;17-20
16;17-21

16;3-16
16;5-16

owday;jcif;ESifh
yxrjznfhpGufpum;

16;21-23
16;22
16;23
csD;rGrf;
tydwfqkawmif;
16;25-26
16;27

bkef;awmfbGJU
16;25-27

taMumhvdkufzwfIjcif; (pm Viii Munfhyg)/

rl&if;pma&;ol\ pmykd'ftvdkuf &nf&G,fcsuftm; em;vnfjcif;

pmtkyfrSmrnfuJhodkYteufzGifh&rnf taMumif; vrf;nTefrI tm;avhvmjcif;jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonf
rSmormusrf;pmtm;teufzGifh&efrdrd\ wm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkYwpfOD;csif;onfrdrd&Sd
aomtvif;xJavQmufoGm;&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm;teufjyef&moifudk,fwdkif ormusrf;pmESifh
0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudkteufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;
tay:omyHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
tcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf;ESifh zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm; owfrSwfazmfjyyg/ rdrd
\taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk acwfopfbmomjyefusrf; ig;usrf;wkdYESifh EdIif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'frsm;onf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ &nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&efaomhcsufjzpf
onf/ 4if;rSm teufzGifhjcif;\ t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD;?
pmydk'ftaMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/
1/
yxrpmydk'f
443

2/
3/
4/

'kwd,pmykd'f
wwd,pmydk'f
---- pojzifh

ti,f 1;27 tm;usrf;pum;tquftpyfjzifh em;vnf&jcif;/

u/

c/

aemufqHk;ydwfu@myg&Sdol trsdK;orD;rsm;tm;vHk;rSm {0Ha*vdw&m; aygvk\ vkyfazmfudkif

zufrsm;jzpfaMumif;rSwfom;yg/ (zd 4;3)/ zdaA i,f 1/ jypfudv-i,f3/ rm&d-i,f6/ ,ked-i,f
7/ wkzJeESifh wkazgo-i,f 12/ ay&od-i,f12/ ]]ol\trd}} i,f 13/ ,kvd -i,f15 ESifh
]]olYESr}} -i,f 15/ trsdK;orD;u@m 0g'pGJr&SdygESifh/ ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;qkaus;Zl;&&Sdonf
(1aum 12;7?11)/ ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;tcsdefjynfhtrIawmfaqmifrsm; jzpfonf/ ({zuf 4;12)/
pm&if;oif;axmuftrsdK;orD;zdAd&Sdonf/ trsdK;orD;wrefawmfjzpfEdkifaomf,ked (a,m
v 2;28/ wref 2;16-21)/ udptm;ormusrf;pmenf;usudkifwG,f&efcufcJonf/ tb,f
aMumifhqdkaomfuGJjym;ae[ef&Sdaomfvnf; ESpfckpvHk;trSefjzpfaomaygvk\uGJjym;onfh 1aum 11;
4-5 ESifh14;34 wkdYuJhodkYaomazmfjyrIrsm;&Sdonf/
emrnfrsm;jzpfEdkifajcSdaomrsdK;EG,fqdkif&maemufcHrsm;ygSdonf/
1/
,HkMunfol*sL;rsm;/
/ tmukv (Aquila)? jypfudv (Prisca)? ta`Emedwf
(Andronicus)? ,ked (Junias)? rm&d (Mary) tcsdKUvufa&;usrf;rsm;rd&d,HMariam

2/
3/

a&mr*kPfoa&Sdrdom;pkemrnfrsm;/ / jypfudv(Prisca)? trvd (Ampliatus)?

tayv (Apelles)? emudok(Narcissus)?,kvd(Julia)?zdavmvkyf(Philologus)
*sL;*kPfoa&Sd rdom;pkemrnfrsm;/ /
tm&dawmAkvk
(Aristobulus)?
a[a&m'sLef (Herodion)/

*/

ti,f 1-16onfwpfOD;csif;tm;aygvkEIwfqufpum;ajymjcif;jzpfum ti,f 17-20 rSmrl q&m

orm;twkta,mifrsm;tm;aemufqHk;ydwfowday;jcif;jzpfonf/ ti,f 21-23rSm aum&dEKjrdKUrS
omoemjyKtzGJU\EIwfqufpum;jzpfonf/
C/ tcef;MuD; 16 tm;ydkem;vnfEdkif&ef F.F.Bruce a&;om;onfh Tyndal New Testament
rsm;pGmtaxmuftuljzpfonf/
tcef;MuD;
ygaomemrnfrsm;
Commentary
taMumif;tao; pdyfavhvmvdkygu xdkpmtkyf\pmrsufESm 266-284 zwfyg/
i/
Mo0g'pmrnfonfhae&m tqHk;owfaMumif;oHo,0ifp&mwcsdKUSdonf/ *&daS;a[mif;vuf
a&;usrf;rsm;tqHk;owfpum;rsm;onf tcef;MuD; 14tjyD;jzpfap? 15tjyD;ESifh tcef;BuD; 16
tjyD;wdkYygSdaeonf/ (MS P46) rnfodkYjzpfapxHk;wrf;pOfvmtydwfpum; 16;25-27 onf
MSS ESifh P61, Aleph, B, C ESifh D wdkYrSmenf;wl Clement of Rome (A.D.95)
oHk;onfh*&drl&if;pmwdkYygSd aMumif;awGU&onf/
ti,f24onfydkapmaom*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;jzpfonfh P46, P61, Aleph, A, B, C
tygt0if Vulgate (odkY) Origen of Alexandria oHk;onfh*&drl&if;pmwdkUrygacs/ uGJ

444

jym;rIrsm;taMumif; tjynfhtpHkaqG;aEG;rIudk Bruce M. Metzger \ A Textual

Commentary on the Greek New Testament. Pp.533-536 Munfhyg/

pum;vHk;ESifhpum;pkavhvmrI
NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/

/ 16;1-2
uifajcNrdKUSdtoif;awmf\ tapcHwpfOD;jzpfoligwdkYESr zdaAudkoifwdkYxHigaxmufcHcsuf
2
ay;\/ oefYSif;olrsm;\xdkufwefrIjzifh olrudkocifbk&m;oifwdkYvufcHum? olrtwGufoifwdkY
vdktyforQolrudkoifwdkUulnDEdkif&efjzpf\/ taMumif;rSmolronfvlrsm;pGmESifhigh udk,fwdki f
udkulnDoljzpf\/
1

16;1 ]]oifwkdYxHigaxmufcHcsufay;\}} ti,f1-2rSmoif;axmuftrsdK;orD;jzpfol zdaAtm;

axmufcHaompmjzpfonf/ olronfaygvk\Mo0g'pmudk a&mrNrdKUodkY,lvmjcif;jzpfaumif;jzpfay
rnf/ oropfusrf;uJhokdYaomaxmufcHpm (odkY) rdwfqufpmrsdK;tawmfawmfrsm;rsm;yg&Sdonf/ (wref
awmf 18;27/ 1aum 16;3/ 2aum 3;1/ 8;18-24 ESifh zd 2;19-30)/
]]zdaA}} olremrnf\t"dym,frSm ]]awmufyonf}} (0g) ]]ta&mifjzmxGufonf}}[ljzpf\/
NASB,NKJV ]]toif;awmf\tapcHwpfOD;jzpfol}}
NRSV ]]toif;awmf\oif;axmufwpfOD;jzpfol}}
TEV ]]toif;awmf&SdtapcHol}}
NJB ]]toif;awmf\oif;axmufrwpfOD;}}
4if;rSm diakonos ac:pum;vHk;jzpfonf/ ACCUSATIVE SINGULAR FEMININE

yHkpHjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmtrIawmfxrf;^tapcHtwGuf*&dpum;vHk;jzpfonf/ (1)c&pfawmf 15;8/ rmuk

10;45 wdkYoHk; onf/ (2) aygvk {zuf 3;7/ aum 1;23?25 ESifh (3) oif;axmuf vlBuD;rsm;tjzpf zd
1;1/ 1wd 3;11 wdkYoHk;onf/
oif;axmuftrsdK;orD;rsm; tjzpfoHk;aMumif;taxmuftxm;rsm; "ropfusrf;ESifh ormusrf;pm
a&;om;jyD;pD;oGm;csdefueOD;umv ta&;tom;rsm;awGU&onf/ "ropfusrf;xJawGU& onfha'oE&
toif;awmfwGif;trsdK;orD;rsm;\ Oyrmwpf&yfudkoif;tkyfMo0g'pmrsm;&Sd ]rkqdk;rrsm; pm&if;jzpfonf/
(1wd3;11/ 5;3-16) bmomjyefusrf;rsm;jzpfaom RSV, Amplified ESifh Philips wdkY 16;1wGif
]oif;axmufr} [kygSdonf/ NASB ESifh NIV wdkYonf4if;udkatmifajcrSwfpkazmfjyonf/ NEB
onf ]]&mxl;&Sdol}} Who hold office [kbmomjyefonf/ ,HkMunfoltm;vHk; zdwfac:cHolrsm;?
qkvufaqmif&
Sdolrsm;ESifh
tcsdefjynfhtrIawmfxrf;rsm;jzpfMuonf/
({zuf
4;12)
tcsdKUwdkYudkacgif;aqmifwm0eftwGuf ac:onf/ rdrdwdkY\ tpOftvmonf ormusrf;pmudk
ae&may;&ayrnf/
ueOD;oif;axmufrsm;ESifh
oif;axmuftrsdK;orD;wdkYrSmtapcHrsm;omjzpfjyD;
tvkyftrIaqmift&mSdrsm;r[kwfMuacs/
M. R.Vincent \ Word Studies, twGJ 2? pm 752 ESifh 1196
ajymonfrSm'kwd,&mpkaemuf
ydkif;
(odkY)
wwd,&mpktapmydkif;umv
wrefawmfrsm;\
445

tkyfcsKyfa&;Oya'-Apostolical Constitutions toif; awmfudkulnDaomtrsdK;orD;rsm;\wm0efESifh

cefYtyfjcif;udkazmfjyonf/
1/
;axmuftrsd/ K;orD
txl;taMumif
;oif
t&m/
or;mrsm;
usrf;pmxJutrsdK;orD;rsm;
2/
rk
q
d
k
;
rrsm;(1wd
3;11/5;9-10)
1/ "ra[mif;usrf;
3/ u/ xH
tysd
Kpif;pOf
rsm;(wref
21;9
fh 1aum
7;34)vnf
EdkidkYrfoSwnff,/lonf/
k;wrf
vmtm;jzif
htrsdESKi;orD
;rsm;ud
kypnf;Op;mjzpf
uJho
yg0ifaomwm0ef
(1)rsm; ypnf;Opmpm&if;yg0ifonf (xGuf 20;17)
1/ (2)
vlemrsm;jyKpk
a&SrsdmKuf
jcif;rsm;tm;jyKrl
;
uReft
;orD
qufqHjcif; (xGuf 21;7-11)
2/ (3)
udk,fcEtrsd
mtm;jzif
h

S
i
f
;
yef
;
ES
d
y
f
p
uf
c
H
o
apmifa&Smuf&jSdo
ciflt; rsdK;om;
K;orD;rsm;jyKaomuwdoplrmsm;tm;jyKpk
udkvlrIa&;t&wm0ef
3/
,HkMunfonf
jcif;zaMumif
rsm;udkaxmif30)
0ifpmawGUjcif;
sufodrhtf;EdusOf
kifo;usol
nf/ (awmvnf
4/ (4)
,HkMunftrsd
olt
opf;rsm;rS
rsm;ukmdo
ifjcifod
; rf;ydkufaomvufOpmrsm; enf;wljzpfonf/
K;orD
ppfGeyfo
GJrsm;rS
5/
trsdK;orD
;rsm;udkESpfjcif;ay;&mwGifulnDay;jcif;
(w&m;a[m20;10-14/21;10-14)
6/c/ tcsdKUtrsd
K;orD
;0ifohtlrjyef
sm;ud
uDe;Muyf
jcif; donf/
vuf
awG;oif
Utm;jzif
tkBvS
foabm&S
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

(6)
(7)

a,musfm;? rdef;rbk&m;ocif\oPmeftwdkif;zefqif;onf/(urmOD;1;26-27)
zcifESifh rdcifudk *kPfjyKyg/ (xGuf 20;12/ w&m;a[m 5;16)
zcifESifh rdcifudk av;pm;yg/ (0wfjyK 19;3/ 20;9)
a,musfm;rsm;enf;wl rdef;rrsm;onfvnf;bk&m;ociftwGuf oD;oefYcGJxm;
aomemZ&dvljzpfapEdkifonf/ (awmvnf6;1-2)
rdcifrsm; tarGqufcHydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ (awmvnf 27;1-11
y#dnmOfw&m; yg0ifMuonf/ (w&m;a[m29;10-12)
zcifenf;wl rdcif\ oGefoifrIvdkufemyg/ (okwH 1;8/ 6;20)

(8)

a[ref\om;rsm;ESifhorD;rsm;onf (av0drdom;pk) AdrmefawmftwGif;aw;

*DwbufOD;aqmifMuonf/ (1&m 25;5-6)
(9)
uyfumvopfom;rsm;ESifh orD;rsm;ya&mzufjyKa[m ajymMuvdrfhrnf/
(a,mv 2;28-29)
*/ acgif;aqmiftrsdK;orD;rsm;
(1)
arma&S\nDr rd&d,Hudkya&mzufr[kac:onf/ (xGuf 15;20-21/ rdum 6;4 udk
vnfMunfhyg/)
(2)
wJawmfoHk;aom ypnf;rsm;&ufvkyf&ef trsdK;orD;rsm;udkbk&m;ocif uRrf;usifrI
ay;onf (xGuf 35;25-26)/
(3)
trsdK;orD;wpfOD;jzpfol a'aAm&onfvnf;ya&mzuf trsdK;orD;jzpfum (w&m;
4;4?5/ 5;7) tpa&;trsdK;tm;vHk;acgif;aqmifrIay;oGm;cJhonf/ (w&m; 4;4-5/
5;7)/
(4)
[dk'vonf ya&mzufrwpfOD;jzpfum topfawGU&Sdaom]]ynwdusrf;}} udkzwf
teufjyef&efbk&ifBuD;a,m&Sdqifhac:jcif;cH&onf/ (4"r 22;14/ 2&m 34;22-27)

446

(5)

bk&m;w&m;MunfndKol rdzk&m;BuD;{owmonfyg&Sm; (tD&ef) tifyg,m&Sd*sL;

rsm;&Sdu,fwifonf/

2/ "ropfusrf;
u/ *sL;bmomjzpfap *&d-a&mrurmjzpfaptrsdK;orD;wdkYonf tcGifhta&;tenf;tusOf;om&
aom'kwd,wef;pm;EdkifiHom;rsm;jzpfonf/(raua'gedrSvTJvQif)
c/ acgif;aqmifvkyfoltrsdK;orD;rsm;
1/ bk&m;w&m;Munfol{vdZbufESihfrm&dwkdY ESpfOD;pvHk;bk&m;ociftokH;jyKonf/(vkum1-2)
2/ bk&m;w&m;MunfndKoltEonfAdrmefawmf bk&m;ocifudktapcHonf/ (vkum2;36)
3/ vk'donf,HkMunfolwpfOD;jzpfum aetdrftoif;awmfwpfckOD;aqmifonf/
(wref 16;14-40)
4/ zdvpf\orD;av;a,mufwdkYrmS trsKd ;orD;ya&mzufrsm;jzpfMuonf/ (wrefawmf 21;8-9)
5/ zdaAonfuifajcNrdKUoif;axmufrwpfOD;jzpfonf/(a&mr 16;1)
6/ jypfudv (Priscilla) onfaygvk\vkyfazmfudkifzufwpfOD;ESifhtmaygvk\q&mrjzpf
onf/(wrefawmf 18;26/ a&mr 16;3)
7/ Mary-rm&d? Tryphaena -wkzJ? Tryphosa -wkazg? Persis -ay&od? Julia
,kvd? Nereus -aek \nDr? aygvk\vkyfazmfaqmifzufawmfawmfrsm; rsm;rSmtrsdK;orD;rsm;jzpfonf/
(a&mr 16;6-16)
8/ Junia (KJV) ,kedrSmtrsdK;orD;wrefawmfwpfOD;jzpfEdkifonf/ (a&mr 16;7)
9/ Euodia {a0g'dESifh Syntyche -okEKwfwkdYrSmaygvk\ vkyfazmfudkifzuf rsm;
jzpfMuonf (zd 4;2-3)/
3/ acwfopf,HkMunfolwpfOD;onf ormusrf;pmxJ&SdOyrmtrsdK;rsdK;wdkYudk rnfuJhodkYnd,lrnfenf;
u/ rl&if;taMumif;t&mtwGufomjzpfaom ordkif;0iftjzpftysuf(0g)"avhxHk;wrff;qdkif&m
ormw&m;wpf&yfudktoif;awmfrsm;tm;vHk;twGuf acwfumvwdkif;&Sd,HkMunfoltm;vHk;
twGufw&m;0ifxm0&ormw&m;ESifhrnfuJhodkYcGJ jcm;owfrSwfrnfenf;
1/ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aomrl&if;pma&;olonf rnfonfht&majymvdkjcif;jzpfaMummif;tm;
tvGefav;eufpGmoabmxm;&ygrnf/ ormusrf;pmonfbk&m;ocif\ EIwfxGufpum;
jzpfum? ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh usifhoHk;jcif;twGuf wpfckwnf;aomt&if;tjrpfjzpfonf/
2/ ordkif;0ifay:vGifaom tjzpftysufrsm;udk tajccHaomrl&if;pmrsm;avhvm&ygrnf/
(u) tpa&;\bmoma&;udk;uG,fjcif;yHkpHrsm; (Oyrm-bmoma&;qif,ifusif;yyHk
ESifhbk&m;0wfjyKpmrsm;)/ (wref15/ *vm3)
(c) yxr&mpk ,k'bmom/
(*) 1aum&dEKMo0g'pmxJaygvk\ ordkif;0ifay:vGifaomtjzpftysufrsm;udktajccH
onfh
azmfjycsufrsm;/
(1)
rdpm0g'jzpfaom a&mr\w&m;Oya'pepf (1aum6)
(2)
uReftjzpfqufvufaeoGm;jcif; (1aum 7;20-24)
447

(3)
vufrxyfbJaeoGm;jcif; (1aum 7;1-35)
(4)
tysdKpifrsm; (1aum 7;36-38)
(5)
kyfwkudk;uG,f&m ,Zfaumif\tom; (1aum 8/ 10;23-33)
(6)
yGJawmfr*Fvm roifhavsmfaomtjyKtrlrsm; (1aum11)
3/ bk&m;ocifonf wpHkwckaomaeY&ufumvwpHkwckaom,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pH twGif;
rdrdudk,frdrd&Sif;vif;pGmzGifhjycJhonf/ zGifhjyawmfrljcif;udktav;teufjyK&rSmjzpfaomfvnf;
4if;\ordkif;qdkif&mudp&yfrsm;yg0ifaomu@mwdkif;xdkodkYjyK&efr[kwfacs/ bk&m;ocif\
EIwfuywfw&m;udkwckaomtcsdefumv&Sdonfh ,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHtwGif; touf&Sif
aexdkifolvlrsm;xHolwdkY\bmompum;jzifha&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/
(c) ormusrf;enf;us teufjyefjcif;rl&if;pma&;ol\BuH&G,fcsufudk&Sm&rnfjzpfonf/ olYacwfolY
tcgrnfonfht&majymjcif;enf; 4if;rSmaumif;rGefqDavsmfaom teufjyefjcif;\
tajccHtkwf jrpfESifh tjywfqHk;jzwfcsufay;aom t&mjzpfonf/ odkYaomf4if;udk ,aeY uRefawmfwkdY
acwfumv twGuf toHk;jyK&ygrnf/ ,cktrsdK;orD;ESifh acgif;aqmifrIjyem&Sdaeonf/
(a0g[m&\ t"dyg,fudk teufjyefjcif; jyemuyifowfrSwf ay;aejcif;jzpfedkifonf/ 4if;wdkYrSm
oif;tkyfq&m tjyifacgif;aqmiftjzpf jrif&aomtjcm;trIawmfvkyfief;rsm;&Sdygovm; trsdK;orD;
oif;axmuf (0g) trsdK;orD;ya&mzufrsm;udk acgif;aqmifrsm;tjzpfjrif&ygovm;) vlxk0wfjyK
pnf;a0;rsm; trsdK;orD;rsm; acgif;aqmifjcif; rjyK&aMumif; 1aum 14;34-35 ESifh 1wd 2;9-15wdkY
aygvk tcdkiftrmajymonfrSm &Sif;vif;vSonf/ odkYaomf,aeYumv 4if;udk uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkY toHk;jyK
oenf; aygvk\"avhxHk;pH(okdYr[kwf) uREfkyf\ "avhxHk;pHon fbk&m;ocif\ EIwfxGufpum; ESifh
tvkdawmfudkwdwfqdwfroGm;apvdkyg/ aygvk\acwfumvuefYowfrIrsm;vGefNyD;uREfkyf\ acwfumv
rlzGifhay;rIrsm; vGef;aejcif; jzpfEdkifonf/ aygvkajympum;rsm;ESifh oGefoifrIwdkYrSmcRif; csufjzpfNyD;
yxr&mpkESpfESifh qdkifaom a'oE&tajctaeESifh qdkifaom ormw&m;rsm;jzpfygonf [kajym&ef
uREfkyftvGefyif roufrom cHpm;&ygonf/ uREkfyf\pdwf (odkYr[kwf) "avhxHk;pHtm;
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;cHpma&;olwpfa,mufESifh SdEdIif;rIjyK&atmifuREfkyfrSmrnfolenf;
rnfodkYjzpfaptrsdK;orD;acgif;aqmifrsm;&SdaeaMumif;tm;ormusrf;pmvmOyrmrsm;(aygvk\
pmrsm;yif-a&mr16) &SdaepOf uREkfyfrnfodkYjyKrnfenf; 4if;twGufaumif;aomerlemwpfckrSm 1
aum&dEK 11-14 twGif;vl xk0wfjyK pnf;a0;rsm;taMumif;aygvk\aqG;aEG;csufjzpfonf/ olonf
11;5 trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; olwdkY\acgif;udkzHk;uma[majymjcif;ESifh qkawmif;jcif;rsm;cGihfjyK onfESifh
wlaomfvnf; 14;34-35 rlolwdkYtm;Nidrfae&efawmif;qkdonf/ oif;axmufrrsm;ESifh (a&mr 16;1)
ya&mzufrrsm;vnf;&Sdonf/ (wrefawmf21;9) uJhodkY uGJjym;rI&Sdaejcif;aMumifh aygvk\
rSwfcsufcsrIrsm;
(trsdK;orD;rsm;tm;uefYowfrIjyKjcif;ESifhqdkif)
onfyxr&mpkESpf
aum&dEK
NrdKYESifh{zufNrdKYwdkY
uefYowfrIjyK&efuREkfyfudk
vGwfvyfoGm;apygonf/
xkdtoif;awmfESpf
yg;pvHk;trsdK;orD;wdkYonfrdrdwdkYtopf&&SdaomvGwfvyfrItm;usifhoHk;&m jyemrsm;&Sdum (Bruce
Winter \ After Paul Left Corinth) 4if;aMumifhtoif;awmfonf rdrdwdkYywf0ef;usiftm;
c&pfawmftwGuf&&eftcuftcJawGYaponf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; ydkrdkxda&mufap&ef olwdkY\
vGwfvyfcGifhtm;uefYowf&ayrnf/ ,aeYuREkfyf\acwfrSm aygvk\acwfESifhqefYusifbufjzpfonf/
toHMunfvifyDoNyD;? avhusifhxm;aomtrsdK;orD;rsm;udkowif;aumif;a0iScGifh acgif;aqmifrIjyKcGifh
448

ray;ygu{0Ha*vd owif;aumif;tm; uefYowfrIjyK &ma&mufEdkifonf/ vlxk0wfjyK pnf;a0;jcif;\

tqHk;pGef;aom
yef;wdkifrSmtb,fenf;
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;jyefYESHUa&;ESihf
wynfhawmf
jzpfapjcif;yifr[kwfygavm trsdK;orD;acgif;aqmifrIonf bk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmfxif&Sm;apum
bk&m;ocif\ aus eyfrIjzpfapEdkifygOD;rnfavm ormusrf;pm wpftkyfvHk;onf]][kwfuJhyg}}
[kajymae[ef&Sdygonf/
aygvkudkuREkfyfemcHvdkygonf/ uREkfyf\"roabmw&m;rSm rlvtm;jzifhaygvk\vrf;aMumif;
vdkufygonf/ acwfopftrsdK;orD; 0g'Drsm;\tvGeftuRHvTrf;rdk;jcif; (0g) vSnfhpm;rIuREfkyfrcHvdkacs/
rnfodkYjzpfapuRefpepfvlrsdK;cGJjcm;a&;0g'? w,loefjcif;ESifh vdifrIt&cGJjcm;rI0g'wdkY\ oifhavsmfjcif;
r&SdrIwdkYtm; wHkYjyef&m toif;awmfrSm aES;auG;aeonf[kuREkfyfcHpm;onf/ acwfopfumvtrsdK;orD;
rsm;ay: jypfrSm;rIrSm oifhavsmfrIr&Sdjcif;tay:wHkYjyef&mvnf;tvm;wlaES;auG;aeygonf/ bk&m;
ocifonf aus;uRefrsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;udk c&pfawmftxJvGwfajrmufaponf/ "avhxHk;pHqkdif&m
rl&if;pmtm;olwdkYudk jyefvufxdyfcwf&aom tcGifhuREkfyfrjyK&Jacs/ aemufxyftcsufwpfcsufrSmjzihf/
teufzGihfq&mwpfOD;taejzifh uREkfyfonfaum&dEKtoif;awmfrSmtvGefjyemrsm;aom toif;awm
fjzpfaMumif;od&Sdygonf/
0dnmOfawmfqkaus;Zl;rsm;t
wif;t"rtoHk;jyKMuum?
4if;wdkYudk
*kPfazmf&efoHk;Muonf/ udp onftrsdK;orD;rsm;udkzrf;pm;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ xdkenf;wl {zuf
toif;awmfonfvnf; trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: tcGifhta&;,lum {zufNrdKU&Sd aetdrftoif;awmfrsm;
trsdK;orD;rsm;udk ukd,fpm;jyKa[maomolrsm;jzifh toHk;jyKaom rSm;,Gif;onhfq&morm;rsm;\
MoZmoufa&mufrI &Sdonf[k uREfkyf,HkMunfonf/
8/ aemufxyfzwfIavhvm&eftBuHjyKcsufrsm; Gordon Fee ESifh Doug Stuart wkdY\ How to Read the Bible For All Its Worth (pm
61-77)
Gordon Fee \ Gospel and Spirit: Issues in New Testament Hermeneutics
Walter C. Kaiser, Peter H. Davids, F.F.Bruce ESifh Manfred T.Branch
wkdYa&;om;aom Hard Sayings of the Bible (pm? 613-616/ 665-667)

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/ toif;awmf (EKKLESIA)

*&da0g[m& ekklesia onf]]xJrS}}ESifh]]ac:jcif;cH&onf}} pum;ESpfvHk;rSqif;oufvmojzifh xdk

]]toif;awmf
}}atmuf
gtxlw
;taMumif
;t&mMunf
g/nf/ ueOD;toif;awmf pum;vHk;udk
a0g[m&onf
bk&m;ocif
\yac:xk
fjcif;cH&ol
rsm;[kqdkvhydko
avmuDqkdif&mtoHk;tEIef;tjzpfoabmxm;onf/ (wref 19;32?39? 41) *&dbmomjyef"ra[mif;usrf;
(LXX) onf a0g[m&udk ]]pka0;aeaom}} tpa&; (Qahal, BDB 874, awmvnf 16;3/ 20;4/
a&mr 2;28-29/ *vm 6;16/ 1ay 2;5-9/ Asm 1;6) twGufoHk;ojzihfolwdkYonf "ra[mif;acwfbk&m;
ocif\ vlrsdK;tquftjzpfrdrdwdkYtwGufoHk;Muonf/ olwdkYonftpa&; topfjzpfonf/ (a&mr 2;2829/ *vm 6;16/ 1ay 2;5? 9/ Asm 1;6)/ bk&m;ocif\ wpfurm vHk;omoem\NyD;jynfhpHkjcif;jzpf
onf (urm 3;15/ 12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6/ rJ 28;18-20/ vkum 24;47/ wref 1;8)/
a0g[m&udkc&pf0ifusrf;rsm;ESifh wrefawmfusrf;t"dym,ftawmfrsm;rsm;jzifhoHk;onf/
(1) avmuDqdkif&mNrdKUwGif;tpnf;ta0; - wref 19;32?39?41
(2) c&pfawmftxJbk&m;ocif\ wurmvHk; uyfumvtm;vHk;NcHKaomvlrsdK;awmf rJ 16;
18 ESifh {zufMo0g'pm/
449
(3) c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfola'oE&toif
;awmfwpfyg; - rJ 18;17/ wref 5;11
(usrf;ydk'frsm;a,k&SvifNrdKY&Sdtoif;awmf)

(4)
(5)

tpa&;vlrsdK;tm;wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;jzifh-wref 7;38 oawzef\w&m; a'oem

a'owpfcktwGif;bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;- wref 8;3 (,k' odkYr[kwf ygvufpwdkif;)

]]uif;ajcNrdKY}} 4if;rSmaum&dEKNrdKU\ qdyfurf;ESpfckteufwpfckjzpfonf/ NrdKUrSm ta&SUzufqdyfurf;

jzpfonf (wref 18;18) /

16;2
]]xdkufwefrIjzifholrudkocifbk&m;oifwdkYvufcHum}}
4if;onf
prosdechomai
MIDDLE
[deponent]
SUBJUNCTIVE
wpfckjzpfum?
\AORIST
]]{nfhonfwpfa,muftjzpf oem;MuifempGm vufcHonf}} [kqkdvdkonf/ (zd 2;29)/ aygvkonf
trsdK;orD;udk,HkMunf pdwfcsumtoif;awmfonf olrudkvufcH olYudk,fpm;olrudkulnDapvdkonf/
aygvkonf pum;ajym&efvkdtyfjcif;onf "avh xHk;pHoabmjzpfaMumif;jyygonf/
]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;}} 4if;onf,HkMunfol\a,ItxJ&yfwnfcsufomvQifr[kwfbJ? bk&m;w&m;ESifh
nDaomolwdkY\b0toufwmonf c&pfawmftxJrdrdwdkY\oefY&Sif;aom&yfwnfcsufudk wdk;wufay:vGif
xif&Sm;ap&efarQmfvifhonf/ a0g[m&]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;}} udktrsm;udef;jzifhomoHk;&m zdvdyd 4;21 rl
tenf;udef;tm;jzifhoHk;aomfvnf;wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;tjzpfajymvdkjcif;jzpfonf/
c&pf,mefjzpfvm
jcif;rSm,HkMunfoltodkif;t0dkif;? rdom;pk? udk,fcEmwpfck\tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfvmjcif;yif/ taemuf
EdkifiHrsm;&Sdacwfopftoif;awmfrsm; ormusrf;enf;us,HkMunfjcif;qdkif&m wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;
oabmrSmwefzdk;xm;jcif;rcH&bJ&Sdae onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ oefY&Sif;olrsm;-1;7Munfhyg/
]]olrtwGufoifwkdYvkdtyforQ olrudkoifwkdYulnD}} pdwfqEjyyk'fESpfck&Sdonf/ yxrrSm
paristemi (AORIST ACTIVE) jzpfNyD;]]ulnD&eftqifoifhjzpfonf}} [kqdkvdkonf/ 'kwd,rSm
chrezo (PRESENT ACTIVE) jzpfNyD;]]vkdtyforQtultnDay;onf}} [kqdkvkdonf/(2aum 3;1)
4if;onfc&D;vSnfhvnfoGm;vmoltrIawmfaqmifrsm;\ kyfydkif;qdkif&mvdktyfrIrsm;tm;axmufyHh
jcif;udk&nfTef;onf/ 4if;rSmaxmufcHpmrsm;\&nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf/

NASB,NRJV ]]vlrsm;pGm...udkulnDoljzpfonf}}
NASB ]]vlrsm;pGm...udktusdK;jyKoljzpfonf}}
TEV ]]olronf...vlrsm;pGm\rdwfaqGaumif;jzpfonf}}
NJB ]]vlajrmufrsm;pGmudkMunfhIapmifha&Smufoljzpfonf}}
a0g[m& proistatis udk"ropfusrf; ae&momawGY&onf/ um,ydkif;qdkif&m odkYr[kwf

aiGaMu;tultnDudk&nfTef;jcif;jzpfvdrfhrnf/

pum;vHk;\rl&if;t"dym,frSmcsrf;om<u,f0aom

em,uvlBuD;udk&nfTef;onf/ zdaA (Phoebe) onfa&mrNrdKYodkYc&D;oGm;jcif;ESifh (i,f 1) vl

rsm;pGmwdkYtm;ulnDcJhyHk (i,f 2) wdkYudkaxmufIjcif;tm;jzifh4if;onfolr ordkif;0ifrSefuefrI&SdEdkif
ygonf/

450

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/

/ 16;3-16

c&pfawmfa,I ig\vkyfazmfaqmifzufjypfudvESifhtmukvwdkYudk EIwfqufMuavmh/

olwdkYonfi ghtwGufvnfpif;cHolrsm;jzpfum igomvQifr[kwfbJwpfyg;trsdK;toif;awmfrsm;
5
tm;vHk;onfvnf;olwdkYay:aus;Zl;wif&SdMuonf/ olwdkYtdrf&Sdaomtoif;awmfukdvnf;EIwf
qufMuavmh/ tm&SdjynfwGifyxrOD;qHk;ajymif;vJoljzpfNyD;? igcspfaomol {yJeufudk EIwfquf
Muavmh/ 6oifwdkYtwGuftvkyfMudK;pm;olrm&dudkEIwfqufMuavmh/ 7ig\trsdK;ESifh tusOf;us
azmfvnf;jzpfolta`EmEdkufESifh,kefEdkudkEIwfqufMuavmY/ olwdkYonfwrefawmfrsm; tv,f
xifay:aMumfMum;olrsm;jzpfjyD;? ight&ifc&pfawmftxJ&Sdolrsm;vnf;jzpfMuonf/ 8ocifbk&m;
9
txJigcspfaom trvdudkEIwfqufMuavmh/ c&pfawmftxJigwdkY vkyfaz:aqmifzufjzpfol
10
c&pfawmftxJppfrSefol tayavudk
O&AefESifh igcspfaomowmckudkEIwfqufMuavmh/
EIwfqufavmh/ tm&dawmAkvk\tdrfoltdrfom;rsm;ukdEIwfqufMuavmh/ 11ig\trsdK;csif;
jzpfola[a&m'sKefudkEIwfqufMuavmh/
ocifbk&m;txJ&Sdolrsm;jzpfonfhemudok\tdrfol
12
tdrfom;wdkYudk EIwfqufMu avmh/ ocifbk&m;\tvkyfvkyfolrsm; jzpfolwkzJESifhwkaz:wdkY
udkEIwfqufMuavmh/ ocifbk&m;\tvkyfMudK;pm;ol? igcspfaomay&odudkEIwf qufMuavmh/
13
ocifbk&m;txJ vufa&G;pifvlwpfOD;jzpfolkzkESifhig\ trdvnf;jzpfololUrdcifudkvnf;
EIwfqufMuavmh/ 14 tokBudwf? Zavukef;aom&r? ywfa&mb? a[&arESifh olwdkYESifh twl
aeaomnDtpfudkwdkYudkEIwfqufMuavmh/ 15zdavmvkyfESifh ,kvd?aekESifholYnDr?MovkrESi fh
16
olwdkESifh
twlaeaomoefY&Sif;oltm;vHk;wdkYudkEIwfqufMuavmh/
oefY&Sif;aomterf;
jzifhwpfa,mufESifh wpfa,mufEIwfqufMuavmh/ c&pfawmf\toif;awmrsm;tm;vHk;oifwdkY
udkEIwfqufMu\/
4

16;3 ]]jypfudvESihftmukv}} olremrnfudk,Ofaus;rIt&rMuHKpzl;pGmyifolYcifyGef;onf\a&SUt&if

ygavh&Sdonf/ (wrefawmf 18;18? 26/ 1aum 16;19/ 2wd 4;19) olronfa&mrolaumif;rsdK;EG,f
wpfOD; (odkY) olwdkYZeD;armifESHOD;aqmifoljzpfEdkifygonf/ aygvkESifhZeD;armifESHwYdkrSmwJSifcsKyfolrsm;
(odkY) om;a&xGufypnf;jyKvkyfolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ aygvkonfolwdkYudk]]c&pfawmfxJvkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;}}
[kac:onf/ olonfa&mrtoif;awmf\tm;omcsuftm;enf;csufwdkYudkvifr,m;wdkYxHMum;cJh&jcif;
jzpfEdkifonf/
16;4 ]]vnfpif;cHolrsm;}} 4if;rSm ]]vllowform;\ykqdef}} [laompum;vHk;rSvmaoma0g[m&wpf
ckjzpfonf/ pum;pktm;jzifhaygvkbmudkajymvdkaMumif;rod&acs/
]]igomvQifr[kwfbJwyg;trsdK;toif;awmfrsm;tm;vkH;onfvnf; olwdkYtay:aus;Zl;wif&Sd}}
vifr,m;wdkY\wuf<uaomulnDrIESifh&if;ESD;rIaMumifhaygvktvGef0rf;omtm;&jzpfonf/ olwdkY\vkyf
aqmifrIudk]]wyg;trsdK;toif;awmfrsm;tm;vHk;}}wdkifatmifwdk;csJonf/ tvGefjcHKikHcdkifvHkaomaus;Zll;wif
&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;onfomaygvk\trIawmfaqmif&Gufjcif;u@molwdkY\yg0ifrIudk&nfnTef;jcif;jzpf
Edkifonf/ (wref 18;24-28)
451

16;5 ]]toif;awmf}} 4if;onf(Church) taqmuftOD;udkajymjcif;r[kwfbJvlwpfpkudkajymjcif; jzpf

onf/ xdka0g[m&\t"dyg,frSm ]]ac:xkwfjcif;cH&olrsm;}} [ljzpfonf/ Septuagint (LXX)
ac:*&d"ra[mif;usrf; pum;vHk;tm;a[jAJa0g[m& Qahal bmomjyef&moHk;umv]]vlpkvla0;}}
[lbmomjyefonf/ ueOD;toif;awmfonf"ra[mif;acwfumv ]]tpa&;vlpkvla0;}} tm;qufcHol
rsm;ESifh 4if;\NyD;jynfhpHkjcif;tjzpfolwdkYudk,folwdkYIjrifxm;um? cGJxGufaom*kdPf;wpf*kdPf;tjzpfrjrifMu
acs/ txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ 16;1 Munfhyg/
]]olwdkYtdrf&Sdaom}} ueOD;c&pf,mefrsm;onf aetdrfrsm;pnf;a0;Muonf/ (16;23/ wref
12;12/ 1aum 16;19/ aum 4;15 ESifh zdavrkef 2)/ at'DoHk;&mpkrwdkifrDbk&m; ausmif;ray:ayguf
ao;acs/
]]{yJeuf}} trsdK;om;\emrnfonf]]csD;rGrf;cH&ol}}[lt"dyg,f&Sdonf/
]]yxrOD;qHk;ajymif;vJol}} olYudk 1aum 16;15 azmfjyonfh oawzef\tdrfom;wpfa,muf
tjzpfvnf;ajymygonf/
]]tm&Sdjynf}} 4if;onfwl&uDEdkifiH\taemufzufoHk;yHkwpfyHkjzpfaoma&mrtifyg,m\e,fwpfe,f
jzpfonf/
16;6 ]]oifwdkYtwGuftvkyfBudK;pm;olrm&d}} olYtaMumif;bmrQrod&acs/ a&mrtoif;awmfrSom
oemjyKtrsdK;orD;wpfOD;jzpfEdkifonf/ tvGefaumif;jrwfol? bk&m;w&m;,HkMunfolajrmufrsm;pGmudk
uRefawmfwdkYrodcJh&aomfvnf; bk&m;ocifaumif;pGmod&Sdxm;ygonf/
16;7 ]]igESifhtusOf;usazmf}} rnfonfhtusOf;usrIudk&nfTef;aMumif; ,aeYacwfusrf;pmq&mrsm;
rodMuacs/ aygvkonfrdrd,HkMunfrIaMumifh rsm;pGm'kucHcJhonf/ (2aum 4;8-11/ 6;4-10/11;25-28)/
zdvdydNrdKU? uJ&dNrdKUESifh a&mrNrdKUwdkYoltusOf;uscJh&mtjcm;ae&mrsm; vnf;tusOf;uscHcJhjcif;jzpfEdkif
onf/ ({zuf 1aum 15;32/ 2aum 1;8)
]],ked}} emrnfrSmtrsdK;om; (0g) trsdK;orD;wpfOD;jzpfEdkifum? toHxGuftrSwftom;jzifh
qHk;jzwf&onf/ *&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;uGJjym;rI&Sd&m Iounian tjzpf MSS Aleph, A,B,C,D,F,G
ESifh P wdkY awGU&aomfvnf; toHxGuftrSwftom;rygacs/ trsdK;orD;yHkpHudk MSS B2, D2 ESifh 0150
wdkYawGU&onf/ ueOD;ayyk&ydkufvufa&;usrf; P46 ESifhtcsdKUaom Vulgate ESifh Coptic
bmomjyefusrf;rsm; Jerome oHk;cJhaom*&drl&if;pmrsm;rSmenf;wl Ioulian (,kvd) [lawGU&NyD;
4if;rSmtrsdK;orD;jzpfonf/ tcsdKUusrf; pmavhvmolrsm;onf4if;rSm usrf;pmul;a&;&m rSm;,Gif;rI
jzpfonf[k,lqMuonf/ trsdK;orD;yHkpH udk16;15 awGU&onf/ tcef;i,f 7 azmfjyaomvl
ESpfOD;wdkYjzpfEdkifacs&SdonfrSm
1/ aygvkESifhtwltusOf;usaom*sL;,HkMunfolESpfOD;
2/ armifESrESpfOD;
3/ vifESifhr,m;ESpfOD;
4if;onftrsdK;orD;jzpfum ]]wrefawmf}} [laompum;onf ]]wpfq,fhESpfyg;}} wdkYtjyiftjcm;ol
tm;&nfTef;jcif;jzpfygu olrSmtrsdK;orD;wrefawmfwpfOD;jzpfvdrfhrnf/
a&mrpmayESifh ausmufpmrsm; Junias - ,kedqdkaompmvHk;aygif;rnfonfhae&mrQrawGY&jcif;
rSmpdwf0ifpm;p&mjzpfonf/ odkYaomf Junia rSmrltvGeftoHk;rsm;onf/ 4if;rSma&mrrdom;pkemrnf
wpfckjzpfonf/ trIawmftxJ trsdK;orD;rsm;taMumif; ydkod&SdEdkif &efzwfoifhaompmtkyfwpftkyfrSm
452

Linda L. Belleville a&;om;aom Women Leaders and the Church, pp.188

\atmufajcrSwfpk 42 jzpfonf/

NASB ]]wrefawmfrsm;tv,fxl;jcm;olrsm;jzpf}}
NKJV ]]wrefawmfrsm;tv,fvlodrsm;olrsm;jzpfMuonf}}
NRSV ]]wrefawmfrsm;tv,fxif&Sm;olrsm;jzpfMuonf}}
TEV ]]wrefawmfrsm;tv,faumif;pGmod&Sdolrsm;jzpfMuonf}}
NJB ]]xl;jcm;aomwrefawmfrsm;}}
4if;onfwpfq,fhESpfyg;wdkYudk&nfTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifNyD;? xkdodkYjzpfygu yk*KvfESpfOD;udkolwdkY
aumif;pGmod&SdMuonf/ odkYr[kwf ]]wrefawmfrsm;}} tjzpfod&Sdxm;aomtjcm;tkyfpkwpfpktm;&nfTef;
jcif;jzpfayrnf/ (wrefawmf 14;4? 14/ 18;5/ 1aum 4;9/ *v 1;19/ zd 2;25/ 1ouf 2;6)/ usrf;
csuft&{zuf 4;11 rSmuJhodkY tjcm;tkyfpkwpfpktm;qdkvdk&ma&mufaomfvnf;]]the }}[laompum;vHk;onf
wpfq,fhESpfyg;udk qdkvdkonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / apvTwfonf (Apostello) - 1;1 Munfhyg/
]]ight&ifc&pfawmftxJ&Sdolrsm;vnf;jzpfMu}} olwdkYonfaygvk\'rowfNrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ray:
tawGUtBuHKrwdkifrDu,fwifjcif;&&Sdum? c&pfawmf\trIawmfyg0ifcJholrsm;jzpfaMumif;xif&Sm;onf/
16;8-16 tydkif;&Sdemrnfrsm;udkusrf;pmavhvmolrsm;rod&SdMuacs/ olwdkYudkbk&m;ocifESifh aygvk
onfcspfaomfvnf;olwdkY\emrnfESifh tvkyfrsm;udk"ropfusrf;jzpfap? ueOD;c&pf,mefpmayrsm;
jzpfaprSwfwrf;r&Sdacs/ a&maESmaomemrnfrsm;&SdaMumif;rSmrlodomay:vGifonf/ (1) toHk;rsm;aom
uRefrsm;emrnfrsm; (2) *kPfoa&&Sda&mremrnfrsm;ESihf (3) *sL;rdom;pkrsm;jzpfonf/ trsdK;om;? trsdK;
orD;rsm;yg0ifonf/ csrf;omaomvGwfvyfol (uRefr[kwfol) rsm;ESifh vSnfhvnfoGm;vmaomw&m;
a[mq&mrsm;yg0ifonf/ yg&Sm;jynf (tD&ef) rS EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;vnf;&Sdonf/ a,Ic&pfawmf\ toif;
awmftwGif;twm;tqD;tm;vHk;NydKysufoGm;onf (3;22/ 10;12/ a,mv 2;28-32/ wref 2;14-21/
1aum 12;11/ *vm 3;28/ aum 3;11)/
16;8 ]]trvd}} emrnfonfjypfudvESifh ,kedwdkYenf;wlvlodrsm;aoma&mrrdom;pkemrnfjzpfonf/
]]bk&m;ociftxJigcspfaom}} ]]cspfjcif;cH&ol}}- beloved a0g[m&udk crnf;awmfbk&m;onf
om;awmfa,I rJ 3;17 ESifh 17;5 wdkYoHk;onf/ 4if;a0g[m&rSma[&Sm,? tem*wdusrf;&SdtapcH
ol\aw;oDcsif;rsm;rSbJGUemrwpfckjzpfEdkifygonf/ (rJ 12;18rSm a[&Sm, 42;1 tm;udk;um;jcif;jzpf
onf)/ rnfodkYjzpfapaygvkonf4if;tm;,HkMunfolrsm;udk ajym&moHk;onf/ (1;7? 16;8? 9/ 1aum
4;14? 17/ 15;58/ {zuf 6;21/ zd 2;12/ aum 4;7?9?14/ 1wd 6;2/ zdavrkef i,f 16)/
16;9]]O&Aef}} xdkemrnfonf ]]NrdKUjyaeol}} odkYr[kwf ]]NrdKUBuD;jyif;ol}} [kt"dyg,f&onf/
]]owmck}} 4if;rSm ]]tESH}} [kt"dyg,f&Sdaomemrnfwpfckjzpfonf/ emrnfonfqDZmbk&ifh
rdom;pkESihf qufpyfaMumif;a&S;a[mif;okawoeynm&Sifrsm;awGU&SdMuonf/
16;10 ]]c&pfawmftxJppfrSefol}} tcsdKUusrf;pmavhvmolrsm;\ tqdkt&olwdkYonf t&dawmAkvk\
rdom;pk0ifrsm;r[kwfbJol\tdrfwGif;rIvkyfief; tvkyfvkyfoluRefrsm;udkajymjcif;jzpfonf,lqMuonf/
ti,f 11 ]]emudok\tdrfoltdrfom;rsm;}} vnf;xdkenf;wljzpfygonf/
453

 ]]t&dawmAkvk\}} tcsdKUusrf;pmavhvmolrsm; (Lightfoot) rSef;qonfrSm yk*dKvfonf wref

12 wrefawmf,mukyfukdowfjzwfaom a[k'frif;BuD;\nDjzpfonf[kqkd\/ xkdtwdkif;jzpfcJhygu
{0Ha*vd owif;aumif;onf {'Hk(Edom)tEG,f0if bk&ifhrdom;pkxJa&muf&SdjyefYESHYcJhaMumif;jyoonf/
16;11 ]]a[a&m'sKef}} olonfa[k'frdom;pk\ uRefwpfa,mufjzpfEdkifonf/
]]emudok\tdrfoltdrfom;rsm;}} olonftifyg,m&Sif uavm'd\vlodrsm;aomtapcHwpfOD;jzpf
Edkifonf/ xdktwkdif;jzpfcJhygu {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf a&mrbk&ifh rdom;pkxJwdkifa&muf&Sd jyefYESHYcJh
aMumif;jyoonf/
16;12 ]]wkzJ}} emrnf\t"dyg,frSm]]t&om&Sdaom}} [ljzpfEdkifonf/
]]wkazg}} emrnft"dyg,frSm]]El;nHhodrfarGUaomol}} [ljzpfEdkifonf/ olwdkYrSmtrTmnDtpfrrsm;
jzpfEdkifonf/
]]tvkyfBudK;pm;ol}} a0g[m&onf ]]cGeftm;ukefoGm;onfhtxd}} tvkyfBudK;pm;jcif;\ t"dyg,f
yGm;jzpfonf/
]]ay&od}} 4if;onf ]]yg&Sif; (tD&ef) trsdK;orD;}} jzpfaMumif;jyonf/
16;13 ]]kzk}} emrnf\t"dyg,frSm ]]eDonf}} odkYr[kwf ]]eDaomacgif;&Sdol}} [ljzpf\/ a&mrNrdKU
vlodrsm;aomkzk (rmuk 15;21) qdkol&SdaMumif;xif&Sm;onf/ olonfxdkol[kwfr[kwfraocsmaomf
vnf;jzpfEdkifacsrsm;onf/

NASB ]]ocifbk&m;txJvufa&G;pifwpfOD;jzpfol}}
NKJV, NRSV ]]ocifbk&m;txJ a&G;cs,fcHol}}
TEV ]]ocifbk&m;tvkyf xl;jcm;ol}}
NJB ]]ocifbk&m;\vufa&G;piftapcHwpfOD;}}
4if;\vHk;aphywfapht"dyg,frSm ]]a&G;cs,fjcif;cH&ol}} [ljzpfonf/ pum;onf bk&m;
ocif\ac:zdwfjcif;udk&nfTef;Hkomru? olYtrIawmfaqmif&GufrI\ b0toufwmESifh qkdifyg
onf/ olYrdcifonfaygvktay:vnf;BuD;rm;aom arwmjzifhjyKonf/
16;14 ]]a[&ar}} 4if;rSmukodkvfuHaumif;jcif;bk&m;\ emrnfjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmyxrwpf&mpk
a&mr? *&d urm tvGeftoHk;rsm;aom uRefrsm;\emrnfjzpfonf/
16;15 ]] oefY&Sif;olrsm;tm;vHk;}} txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ 1;7 Munfhyg/
16;16 ]]oefY&Sif;aomterf;}} rnfolonfrnfolYtm;erf;aMumifh (odkYr[kwf)rnfonftcsdef?
rnfonfhae&mjzpfaMumif; ueOD;acwfumvtaxmuftxm;r&Sdacs/ ,k'w&m;Z&yfrsm;oHk;
aomEIwfqufjcif;yHkpHudk toif;awmfqufvufusifhoHk;oGm;jcif;jzpfum trsdK;om;csif;ESifh trsdK;
orD;csif;yg;jyifay:udk erf;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ (1aum 16;20/ 2aum 13;12/ 1ouf 5;26/ 1ay
5;14)/ 3&mpktwGif; Justin Martyr onfrdrda&;aompmrsm;rsm; azmfjycJhaomfvnf;? toif;
awmftwGif;uJhodkYEIwfqufjcif;udk r,HkMunfolrsm;txifvTJrSm;ojzifhjyemwpfckjzpfvmum?
tcsdKUtoif;awmfrsm;&yfwHhoGm;cJhonf/
NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 16;17-20/

454

17

nDtpfudk wdkYudkigwdkufwGef;onfrSm oifwkdYcH,lcJhNyD;aomMo0g'ESifh qefYusif

vsufoabmxm;uGJvGJrIESifh taESmifht,Sufjzpfay:apolrsm;udkowdESifh MunfhIuma&Smif
&Sm;Muavmh/ 18taMumif;rSmxdkodkYaomolrsm;onf igwdkYocifc&pfawmf\ tapcHrsm;r[kwfbJ
rdrdwdkYvdkvm;awmifhwrI\aus;uRefrsm;omjzpfMuum?csdKomajrmufyifhaompum;rsm;jzifh
,HkvG,faomolwdkY\pdwfESvHk;rsm;udkvSnfhpm;Mu\/ 19oifwkdU\emcHjcif;taMumif; vl
wdkif;ajymojzifh oifwkdYa Mumifhig0rf;ajrmuf\ / odkYaomfaumif;aomt&m ynm&Sdjzpfum?
qdk;oGrf;rItjypfuif;pifMuapvdk\/ 20Nidrf;oufjcif;\bk&m;ocifonfpmwefudk rMumrD
oifwkdY\ ajcz0g;atmufeif;acsvdrfhrnf/ igwkdYocifa,I\ aus;Zl;awmfonfoifwkd Y
ESifh twl&Sdygap/
16;17 owday;csufonf taMumif;t&mxJrarQmfvifhbJtwif;wkd;0ifvmonfESifh wlaeonf/
odkYaomfaygvkonf vSnfhvnfoGm;vmaomtrIawmfaqmifcsufrsm;ESifh 4if;wdkY\uGJjym;jcm;em;rIay:vGif
ap&efxnfhvkdufjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ q&morm;twkta,mif rsm;vkyfyHkudkifyHkpm&if;wpfck ti,f 1718 &Sdonf/
1/
oabmxm;uGJvTJrIjzpfay:ap&ef vHIaqmfMuonf/
2/
,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf taESmifht,Sufjzpfp&mrsm;zefwD;Muonf/
3/
toif;awmfay;cJhNyD;jzpfaom oGefoifrIESifh qefYusifaomt&mrsm;oGefoifMuonf/
4/
olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\vkdvm;awmifhwrIudk tapcHMujcif;om;jzpfonf/
5/
olwkdYonf,HkvG,faomolrsm;udk rdrdwkdY\csdKomaomajrmufyifhpum;rsm;jzifhvSnfhpm;Mu
onf/
pm&if;onf 14;1-15;13 azmfjyaomtm;enf;olESifh tm;&Sdol,HkMunfolrsm;ESifhrqdkifacs/
]]a&Smif&Sm;Muavmh}} 4if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE wpfckjzpfonf/
rMumcPawGU &aom taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfonf/ (*vm 1;8-9/ 2ouf 3;6? 14/ 2a,m 10)/
16;18
NASB, NRSV
TEV ]] rdrdwkdYvdkvm;awmifhwrI}}
NKJV ]] rdrdwkdY0rf;Adkuf}}
NJB ]] rdrdwdkYavmb}}

4if;\vHk;aphywfapht"dyg,frSm ]]0rf;Adkuf}} [ljzpfonf/ (zd 3;19/ wdwk 1;12)/ q&mo[m

twktaumifrsm;onf t&mcyfodrf;rdrdwkdYpdwf0ifpm;&mudkomtajcjyKMuonf/
]]csKdom ajrmufyifhaompum;}} twkta,mifq&morm;wkdY kyfcEmtm;jzifhqGJaqmifrI&Sdum?
udk,f&nfudk,faoG;xufjrufMuonf/ (aum 2;4)/ olwdkY\wifjycsufrsm;tvGefyifusdK;aMumif;qD
avsmfavh&Sdonf/ owdxm;yg! twkta,mifq&morm;rsm;udkcGJjcm;od&SdEdkif&ef ormusrf;pmenf;usppf
aq;rItcsdKUtm;jyKEdkif&ef usrf;ydk'ftcsdKUrSm w&m;a[m 13;1-5/ 18;22/ rJ7/ zd 3;2-3/ 18-19/
1a,m 4;1-3/

455

]],HkvG,faomolwkdY\pdwfESvHk;rsm;udkvSnfhpm;Mu\}} 4if;onf PRESENT ACTIVE

INDICATIVE jzpfNyD;? qufvufvSnfhpm;oGm;jcif;udkajymonf/ 4if;wkdYonf,HkMunfoltopfrsm;
udktE&m,fay;Ekdif ygonf/ (qdk;oGrf;rIrawGUBuHKcJhbl;olrsm;)
16;19 ]]oifwkdY\emcHjcif;taMumif;vlwdkif;ajymojzifh}} 4if;onf 1;8 udk&nfGef;jcif;jzpfonf/
4if;rSm t"dyg,fav;eufoGm;ap&ef wrifoufoufcsJUum;ajymqdkrIwpfrsdK;vnf;jzpfonf/
]]aumif;aomt&mynm&Sdjzpfum? qdk;oGrf;rItjypfuif;pifMuavmh/}} 4if;onfa,Iukd,fwdkif
\oGefoifrIudk xif[yfay:vGifaponf/ (rJ 10;16/ vkum 10;3)/
16;20 ]]Nidrfoufjcif;\bk&m;ocif}} 4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\ tHhMozG,f&mbGJUemrawmfwpfckjzpfonf/
(15; 33/ 2aum 13;16/ zd 4;9/ 1ouf5;23 ESifh a[NAJ 13;20)
]]rMumrDpmwefudkoifwkdYajcz0g;atmufeif;acsvdrfhrnf/}} 4if;onf urm 3;15 tm;Tef;
qdkrIwpfckjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolwkdYtm;olwdkYESifh ar&Sd,\qufpyfrIonfatmifjrifrIay;onf/ (1a,m5;
18-20)/ 4if;rSmthHMobG,f&muwdawmfESifh wm0ef0w&m;vnf;jzpfonf/ usrf;csuftoif;awmf
onf rdrdtm;tyfESif;aomr[mapckdif;jcif;udk ysufuGufaponfhq&morm;twkta,mifrsm;aMumifhjzpf
aomIyfaxG;rIESifh oabmxm;uGJvGJrIrsm;\okyfjytjzpfpmwefudkazmfjyonf/ rSm;,Gif;aomq&morm;
rsm;aemufuG,f ewfqdk;0dnmOfqdk;rsm;&Sdonf/ rnfodkYjzpfaptarSmifESifh qdk;oGrf;rIudk&if0,fydkufum?
4if;wkdYxJtouf&Sifaeolrsm;twGuf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onfarSmifrdkufESifh qdk;oGrf;rIudkNzdKcGif;onf/
taMumif;t&mtwGuf pmtkyfaumif;wpfckrSm Three Crucial Questions About Spiritual
Warfare, by Clinton E. Arnold jzpfygonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / qdk;oGrf;rI\ yk*dKvf^yk*dKvfjzpfaomqdk;oGrf;rI (PERSONAL EVIL)
taMumif;&if;tawmfrsm;rsm;aMumifh 4if;rSm tvGefcufcJaomtaMumif;t&mjzpfonf/
1/
"ra[mif;usrf;onf aumif;aomt&m\ &efolBuD;wpfOD;&SdaMumif;azmfjyjcif;rjyKbJ/
vlom;tm;raumif;aomt&mvkyf&efajymvkduf olwdkYraumif;aMumif;pGyfpGJvkdufvkyfum
YHWH tm;tapcHoltMumif;udkomazmfjyonf/
(A.B. Davidson, pp 300-306)

2/

bk&m;ocif\&efolBuD; jzpfolyk*dKvftaMumif;t,ltqonf yg&Sm;(tD&ef) vlrsdK;wkdY\

bmom (Zoroastrianism) \vGrf;rdk;rIatmuf&Sd pmayrsm;jzpfaom ormusrf;pm
jyifypmayrsm;awGU&onf/ 4if;onfaemufwpfcg ,k'bmomq&mBuD;rsm;udk BuD;rm;pGmvGrf;rdk;oGm;
onf/
3/
"ropfusrf;onf "ra[mif;usrf;\taMumif;t&mrsm;udk tHhMobG,f&mvHk;vHk;vsm;vsm;
qufvuf&ifhoefapaomfvnf; trsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;a&G;cs,frIjyKonf/
qdk;oGrf;rItaMumif;tm; ormusrf;vm"roabmtjrifjzifh csOf;uyfavhvmygu
(usrf;wpfusrf;pD odkYr[kwf usrf;jyKol? odkYr[kwf pmaytrsdK;tpm; tvkdufavhvm um?
oD;jcm;pDtusOf;csKyfvkdufyguvGefuGJjym;jcm;em;aom qdk;oGrf;rIrsm;ay:vGifvm onf/
odkYaomfqkd;oGrf;rItaMumif;tm; ormusrf;pmr[kwfaom (0g)urmhbmomBuD;
rsm;odkYr[kwfta&SUwdkif;bmomBuD;rsm;tm;ormusrf;pmjyifyrSavhvmygu "ropfusrf;tm; yg;&Sm;
vlrsdK;rsm;\ ESpfqlt,l0g' (dualism) ESifh *&d-a&mrwkdY\ 0dnmOft, 0g'rsm; vGrf;rdk;rIrsm;pGm
&dSaMumif; awGU&Sd&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmrSm bk&m;ocif\tcGifh tmPmawm fjzpfjciftay: qufuyf
456

tyfESHxm;rnfqdkvQif "ropfusrf;udkjzpfay: wdk;wwfaom zGifhjyawmfrljcif;tjzpf Ijrifrnfjzpfonf/

oabmtm; ydkrdk&Sif;vif; ap&ef c&pf,mefonf *sL;vlrsdK;wdkY\ '@m&DyHkjyifrsm;jzpfap?
t*Fvdyfpmayrsm;jzpfap ('efwD? rDvfwef) toHk;jyK&efr[kwfacs/ u@mqkdif&mzGifhjyrIzHk;uG,frIrsm;ESifh
t"dyg,froJuGJrIrsm;&SdonfrSmtrSefyifjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonfqdk;
oGrf;rI\rsufESmpmtm;
vHk;jzpfaom4if;\rlvtp?4if;\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;udkzGifhjyjcif;rjyK bJ4if;\IH;edrfhrludkom zGifhjyxm;onf/
"ra[mif;usrf;wGif pmwef[laoma0g[m& (BDB 966) odkYr[kwf jypfwif
pGyfpGJol[kqdk&m oHk;rsdK;om;pm;&SdyHkay:onf/
1/
jypfwifpGyfpGJolvlom;rsm; (1"r 29;4/ 2"r19;22/ 3"r 11;14?23?25/
qmvH 109;6)
2/
jypfwifpGyfpGJolaumif;uifwrefrsm; (awmvnf 22;22-23/ Zm 3;1)
3/
jypfwifpGyfpGJol ewfqdk;^0dnmOfqdk;rsm; (1&m 21;1/ 1"r 22;21/ Zm 13;2)
ormusrf;pma&;om;NyD;aemufydkif;umv omurmOD; 3 ua>rudkpmweftjzpf
azmfjyvmcJhMuonf/ (ynmusrf; 2;23-24/ 2{aem 32;3) aemufydkif;4if;rSm &Adq&m
BuD;rsm;pdwfBudKufa&G;cs,fbkdY (a>r^pmwef) txdjzpfvmonf/ (Sot. 9b ESifh
Sanh.29a)urmOD;6&Sd bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;onf 1{aem 54;6 aumif;uifwref
qdk;rsm;jzpfvmonf/ &Adq&mBuD;rsm;\ "roabmw&m; olwkdYonf qdk;oGrf;rI\
rlvtpjzpfvmonf/ uREfkyf odkYazmfjyjcif;rSm4if;onf "roabmw&m;t& rSefonf[k
twnfjyK&efr[kwfbJ4if;\ jzpfay:wdk;wwfvmyHkudkajymjcif;rQom jzpfonf/ "ropfusrf;
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457

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459

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460

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461

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tvif;Munfh aomtcgtem*wftaMumif;? vlYb0ESifh 4if;aemufydkif;\qufpyfyHk? r,HkMunfrIonf
udk,fusifhw&m; tm;jzifhrnfrQMuD;av;yHktaMumif;wdkYudktenf;tusOf;rQ omodSd xm;MuaMumif;
ay:vGifaponf/ bk&m; ocif\EIwfuywfawmftm;jznfhpGufjcif;onf rSm;,Gif;aomt&mjzpfygu
4if;tm;EIwf,ljcif;udk vnf;tjyK&acs/ ormusrf;pmazmfjyonfhtwdkif;xm0&jypf'Pfay;jcif; [laom
Mo0g'atmuf,dkif oGm;cJhMuonfqdkvQif rem;vnfEdkifaom arSmifrdkufonfhaemufcH wpfckwnf
dSaeaMumif;0efcH&if;jzifhc&pf
awmftxJbk&m;ocif\
arwmawmfowif;aumif;tm;zufwG,fum?
apmifharQae&jcif;tm;auseyf a&mifh&JvQufSdaeMu&efjzpfay onf (pm 318-319)/
f

]]vlrsdK;rsm;tm;vHk;....odSdapcJhjyD}} 4if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE

wpfckjzpfonf/
*&d
0gus4if;udktav;teufjyKjcif;tjzpf0gustqHk;xm;onf/
bk&m;ocifonf{0H*vdowif;aumif;udk
wpfurmvHk;twGufay;prf;cJhjyDjzpfum?
4if;onfyifudk,fawmf\xm0&tpDtpOfyifjzpfSdonf/ (urm 3;15)
NASB ]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;emcHjcif;Sdvmap&ef/}}
NRJV ]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;emcH&eftwGuf/}}
NRSV ]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;emcHjcif;odkYvnfhvmap&ef/}}
TEV ]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;emcHjcif;Sdvmap&ef/}}
NJV ]]olwdkYtm;vHk;onf,HkMunfjcif;w&m;emcHvmap&ef/}}
462

pum;pktm;trsdK;rdsK;em;vnfEdkifonf/
1/ c&pfawmftaMumif;Mo0g'
2/ c&pfawmftm; udk;pm;jcif;
3/ tpjyKjcif;ESifhqufvufjcif;ESpfckpvHk;jzifh{0H*vdowif;aumif;tm;emcHjcif;
]]emcHonf}} (1;5) [kqdk&m"roabmw&m;t& aemifw&jcif;ESifh,HkMunfjcif;aygif;pyfjcif;
jzpf&ayrnf/ (rmuk 1;15/ wref 3;16? 19/ 20;21)/
16;27 ]]wpfqlwnf;omvQifynmSdjzpfawmfrlolbk&m;ocif}} 4if;onfwpfqlwnf;aombk&m;t,l
0g'udknTef;qdkonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m3;30ESifhw&m;a[m6;4-5Munfhyg/) c&pf,mefonf *sL;bm
omrSmuJhodkYbk&m;wpfqlomvQifSdaomfvnf;bk&m;tjynfht0a,IESifhyk*dKvftjynfht0jzpf
ol0dnmOf
awmfonfuRefawmfwdkYtm; ]]oHk;yg;aygif;pyfaom}} oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;xHawmfodkYtwif;t "rarmif;ydkY
oGm;yg onf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m 8;11 Munfhyg/)
]]tpOfxm0&bkef;MuD;apawmfrlownf;}} 3;23\rSwfcsufMunfhyg/
]]tmrif}} txl;taMumif;t&m 1;25Munfhyg/

aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm;/
pmtkyfrSmrnfuJhodkYteufzGifh&rnf taMumif; vrf;nTefrI tm;avhvmjcif;jzpfonf/ qdkvdk
onfrSmormusrf;pmtm;teufzGifh&efrdrd\ wm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkYwpfOD;csif;onf
rdrd&Sdaomtvif;xJavQmufoGm;&ayrnf/ ormusrf;pmtm;teufjyef&moifudk,fwdkif ormusrf;pmESifh
0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudkteufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;
tay:omyHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaomar;cGe;f rsm;rSm usrf;\tydik ;f wGiyf g0ifaomw"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;
udpk Of;pmqifjcifEikd &f efyyhH ;kd zdYk jzpfonf/ tjynft
h pHkr[kwfbJ? pOf;pm;qifjcifrItm;EdI;qGay;jcif;omjzpfonf/
1/
aygvkonfa&mrjrdKUodkYudk,fwdkifra&mufcJhzl;bJ? a&mrtoif;awmfxJSdvlrsm;tm;vHk;rnfodkY
owd&oenf;
2/
trsdK;orD;oif;axmufrsm;twGuf ormusrf;pmtaxmuftxm;wpfckckSdygovm; (16;1/
2wd3;11?5;3-16)
3/
tcef;MuD;twGif;pm&if;0iftrsdK;orD;tajrmuftrsm;onf rnfonfht&mudkqdkvdkoenf;
4/
q&morm;twkta,mifrsm;\enf;vrf;ESifh a[majymaomowif;pum;udak z:jyyg (i,f17;18)
tcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf;ESifh zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm; owfrSwfazmfjyyg/ rdrd
\taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk acwfopfbmomjyefusrf; ig;usrf;wkdYESifh EdIif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'frsm;onf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ &nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&efaomhcsufjzpf
onf/ 4if;rSmteufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD;?
pmydk'ftaMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/
1/
yxrpmydk'f
2/
'kwd,pmykd'f
3/
wwd,pmydk'f
4/
---- pojzifh

463

aemufqufwGJ wpf/ *&do'ga0g[m&rsm;tm;tusOf;csKyf&Sif;vif;jcif;

[kvnf;ac:avh&Sdonf/
r[mtvufZEm;- Alexander the Great (336-323 bDpD) bk&ifBuD;\atmifEdkifcsdefrSpNyD; ajrxJyif
v,fywf0ef;usifurm\bHkpum;jzpfvmum ESpfaygif; 300 cefYwnfwHhcJhonf/ (300 bDpD-at'D 500)/
4if;pum;rSmem;vnfvG,faomtqifhjrifh*&dpum;rQomr[kwfbJ *&dpum;topfwpfrsdK;jzpf vmum
a&S;acwfta&SUtv,fykdif;ESifhajrxJyifv,furm 'kwd,bmompum;jzpfvmcJhonf/
"ropfusrf;oHk;aom*&dpum;rSm tEIdif;rJhbmompum;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhqdk aomf
vkumESifha[NAJMo0g'pma&;om;olwdkYrSty
xkdusrf;tm;a&;om;olrsm;onf
rdrdwdkYrlvbmom
pum;tjzpf tm&rdpum;ajymolrsm; jzpfMuonfESifhwlonf/ xdkYaMumifholwdkY\ta&;tom;rsm;udk
tm&rdtoHk;tEIef; ESifhzJGYpnf;yHkrsm;vTrf;rdk;aeonf/ xkdYjyif Koine Greek bmomjzifha&;om;aom
Septuagint ("ra[mif;*&dbmomjyefusrf;)udkvnf;olwdkYzwfIum tudk;tum;jyKMuonf/ odkYaomf
xdkusrf;udk rdcifbmom Greek r[kwfaom*sL;ynm&Sifrsm;a&;om;cJhMujcif;jzpfaejyefonf/
tcsufonfuRefawmfwdkYudk owday;aeonfrSm "ropfusrf;tm;o'gzGJUpnf;yHkudk vdkuf
twif;tusyfwGef;tm;ray;Edkif[laomtcsufjzpf\/
4if;onftwktEIdif;rJhonfrSefaomfvnf;(1)*&d
bmomjyef"ra[mif;usrf; Septuagint (2) a,m&SzwfuJhodkYaom*sL;pmayta&;tom;rsm; (3) tD*spf
EdkifiHawGU&aomaypmrsm;ESifh rsm;pGmwlnDonf/ odkYjzpfvQif"ropfusrf;tm;o'genf;uscsOf;uyfavh
vmrIrnfodkYjyKrnfenf;
Koine Greek ESifh "ropfusrf;\ Koine Greek pum;wdkYrSmyHkaoum;usr&Sdacs/ xkdumvrSmdk;
pif;aomo'goabmacwfpm;csdefjzpfonf/ usrf;pum;uqufpyfoabmrSm t"duvrf;jyjzpfayrnf/
pum;vHk;rsm;onf ydkus,fjyefYaompum;tquftpyftm;jzifhom t"dyg,f&SdMuojzifh o'gzGJUpnf;yHk
udkem;vnfoabmayguf&efrSm (1) usrf;jyKyk*dKvfwpfOD;csif;\pma&;[efESifh (2) oD;jcm;pum;tquf
tpyfrsm;\tvif;tm;jzifhjzpfonf/
*&dyHkpHESihfzJGUpnf;yHktwdtusjzifhrnfonfhtqHk;tjzwfay;aom
t"dyg,fowfrSwfcsufudkrSray;Edkifacs/
Koine Greek pum;onfBud,mudktajcjyKaombmompum;jzpfonf/ teufjyef&efaomhcsuf
rSmBud,mrsm;\trsdK;tpm;ESifhyHkpHjzpfonf/ 0guswpfck\tpdwftykdif;rsm; Bud,mrSmt&ifyxrvm
NyD;4if;\ta&;ygxl;jcm;rIudkay:vGifaponf/
*&dBud,mrsm;avhvmonfhtcgrSwfom;&eftcsufoHk;
csuf&Sdonf/ (1) umvjyyk'f\t"dutxl;jyKrI? jyKvkyfol(0g)tjyKcH&ol(passive or active)wnf; [laom
voice ESifh mood ac:pum;vHk;a0g[m&yHkoPmefajymif;vJyHkrsm; (2) Bud,mwpfck\tajccH t"dyg,fESifh
(3) taMumif;t&m(0g) pum;tquftpyfoabm\toGm;tvm(syntax)wdkYjzpfonf/
Koine Greek

bmomudk

Hellenistic Greek-[,fvifepf*&dpum;

1/ umvjyyk'frsm; ( TENSE )
u/ umvjyyk'f (tense) odkYr[kwf oGifjyifoabmjyaom Bud,mrsm;onf NyD;pD;cJhNyD;aomvkyf
aqmifrIwpfck odkYr[kwf rNyD;pD;ao;aomvkyfaqmifrIwpfckESifh rnfodkYqufpyfaMumif;yg0if
onf/
462

c/

*/

4if;udk]]NHyD;pD;jcif;}}- perfective ESifh ]]rNyD;pD;ao;jcif;}}- imperfective [kac:onf/

1/
Perfective tenses-NyD;pD;aom yk'frsm; vkyfaqmifrIwpf&yf jzpfay:onfqkdonhf
tcsufudkpl;pdkufonf/ wpfpHkwpf&mjzpfysufcJhaMumif;uvTJvQifwjcm;taMumif;
t&mrazmfjyacs/ xkdt jyKtrl\tp? qufvufoGm;jcif;ESifh tqHk;owfjcif;wkdYudk
rajymjyacs/
Imperfective tenses -rNyD;pD;aomyk'frsm; vkyfaqmifrIwpf&yfqufvufaejcif;\jzpf
2/
pOfudkpl;pdkufjyKonf/ 4if;udktwdkif;t&SnfjyvkyfaqmifrI? umvtwkdif;t&Snfjyvkyf
aqmifrIwkd;wuf jzpfay:rIjyaomvkyfaqmifrIrsm;...pojzifhESifh azmfjyEkdifonf/
umvjyyk'frsm;udkpma&;olonf
tjyKtrlwpf&yfqufvufjzpfaeyHkudk
rnfodkYIjrifaMumif;
atmufygtwdkif;trsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;Edkifonf/
1/ vkyfaqmifrIjzpfay:cJhonf = AORIST
2/
vkyfaqmifrIjzpfay:cJhumtusdK;oufa&mufrIwnfNrJonf = PERFECT
3/
vkyfaqmifrIonftwdwfumvjzpfay:cJhumtusdK;oufa&mufrIwnfNrJcJh
aomfvnf;
,ckrwnfNrJawmhacs = PLUPERFECT
4/
vkyfaqmifrIjzpfay:aeonf = PRESENT
5/
vkyfaqmifrIjzpfay:vsuf&SdcJhonf = IMPERFECT
6/
vkyfaqmifrIjzpfay:vdrfhrnf = FUTURE
umvjyyk'frsm;onf teufjyef&m rnfodkYyHhykd;rIay;aMumif;cdkifcHhaom Oyrm wpfckrSm
]]u,fwifonf}} [laoma0g[m&jzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;\ jzpfpOfESifh tqHk;owfrIESpfrsdK;
pvHk;jy&ef a0g[m&udkrwlaomumvjyyk'f - Tense tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/
1/ AORIST = ]]u,fwifcJhonf}} (a&mr 8;24)
2/ PERFECT = ]]u,fwifcJhNyD;&v'frSmqufvufwnfaeonff}} ({zuf 2;5?8)
3/ PRESENT = ]]u,fwif(jcif;&)aeonf}} (1aum 1; / 15;2)
4/ FUTURE = ]]u,fwif(jcif;&)vdrfhrnf}} (a&mr 5;9?10/10;9)
Bud,mwpfck\umvrsm;udktmHkjyK&m teufjyefolrsm;onf rlvusrf;jyKoltaejzifhumv
wpfcktwGif;rdrdudk,frdrdtb,faMumifhxkdodkYjyo&jcif;\taMumif;&if;udk&SmMuonf/
AORISTrSmtem;oyfrygaomumvjyjzpfonf/4if;rSm ]]twdtusr[kwfaom}} ]]rSwfom;csuf
rygaom}} (0g) ]]tvHwifjcif;r&Sdaom}} Bud,myHkpHjzpfonf/ usrf;pum;tquftpyfoabm
tm;jzifhomtwdtusem;vnfNyD;
toHk;jyKyHktrsdK;rsdK;&SdEdkifonf/
4if;onfwpfpHkwpf&mjzpf
ysufcJhaMumif;dk;dk;av;azmfjyonf/ twdwfumv\oabmonf INDICATIVE MOOD
ESifhomqkdifonf/ tjcm;umvjyyk'f (TENSE) rsm;oHk;yguydkrdkwdusapvdkjzpfonf/ odkYaomf
rnfonfhumvjyyk'fenf;
PERFECT TENSE 4if;onfvkyfaqmifrIwpfckNyD;pD;oGm;cJhaMumif;ESifh4if;\&v'f (0g)
1/
4if;aMumifhjzpfvmaomt&mrSmaysmufysufroGm;bJqufvuf&SdaeaMumif;ajymonf/wpfe
nf;tm;jzifh4if;rSm AORIST ESifh PRESENT TENSE
(twdwfESifhypKyefESpfrsdK;
aygif;pyfjcif;jzpfonf/ azmfjyvkdonfht&mrSm qufvuf&Sdaeaom&v'fjzpfEkdifonfenf;
463

2/

3/

4/

5/

wlvkyfaqmifrINyD;pD;oGm;aMumif;vnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ Oyrm {zuf 2;5 ESihf 8 ]]oif

wkdYonfu,fwifjcif;cHcJhMuumqufvufu,fwifjcif;cHMuonf/}}
PLUPERFECT TENSE 4if;rSm PERFECT ESifhwlaomfvnf;&v'frSmqufvufroGm;
bJ&yfqdkif;cJhNyDjzpfaMumif;azmfjyrIjzpfonf/ Oyrm ]]aywkonfwHcg;tjyifbuf&yf
vsuf&SdaecJhonf}} (a,m 18;16)
PRESENT
TENSE
4if;onfrNyD;qHk;ao;aomvkyfaqmifrIwpfckudkajymonf/ vkyf
aqmifrIwpfckqufvufae aMumif;azmfjyonf/ Oyrm ]]ocifbk&m;txJwnfae
onfqufvuftjypfrjyKacs/}}
]]bk&m;ocifjzpfbGm;apaomolonfqufvuft
jypfrusL;vGefacs/}} (1a,m 3;6?8)
IMPERFECT TENSE ypKyefumvjyyk'f PRESENT TENSE ESifh qufpyfrI PLUPERFECT
ESifhwdkY\qufpyfyHktwkdif;jzpfonff/ IMPERFECT onfNyD;jywf jynfpHkjcif;
r&SdaomvkyfaqmifrI
wpfckonf
twdwfjzpfysufcJhaomfvnf;
,cktcg&yf
wHhcJhNyD;jzpfonf odkYr[kwf vkyfaqmifrIwpfck\tprSmtwdwfumvjzpfaMumif;jy onf/
Oyrm ]]xkdYaemufa,k&SvifwpfNrdKUvHk;olYxHokdYtqufrjywfoGm;aecJhMuonf}} odkYr[kwf
]]xdkYaemufa,k&SvifwpfNrdKUvHk;olYxHodkYxGufoGm; &efpwifcJhMuonf}} (rJ 3;5)
FUTURE TENSE 4if;onftem*wfumvjzpfvwHhaom vkyfaqmifrIudkajymonf/
trSefwu,fjzpfysufEdkifacs&Sdjcif;? jzpfEdkifaomtvm;tvm&Sdjcif;ukdajymonf/ aocsm
jzpfrnfht&mudkajymavh&Sdonf/ Oyrm ]]r*Fvm&SdMu\...olwdkYonf...Mu\}} (rJ 5;49)

2/ jyKol^tjyKc (VOICE H)
u/

Voice onfBud,m\tvkyfESifh4if;\uwm;wnf;[laomvkyfaqmifolwdkY\qufpyfrIudkazmf

jyonf/
c/
*/

onfBud,m\tvkyfudkxkd0gus\uwm;udk,fwkdifvkyfaMumif;ajymjcif;jzpf
NyD;txl;wvnfajymjcif;rygbJyHkrSefarQmfvifhxm;onfhtwdkif;azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/
PASSIVE VOICE onfxkd0gus\ uwm;rSmBud,mjyKaomvkyfaqmifrIudkcH&oljzpfNyD; vkyf
aqmifolrSm0gusazmfjyjcif;r&Sdaomjyifyvlyk*Kvf (0g) t&mwpfckjzpfonf/ xkdvkyfaqmifrI
udkjyKoljyifyvl (0g) t&mtm;"ropfusrf;*&datmufyg0dbwfrsm; (0g) cases rsm;tm;jzifh
azmfjyonf/
1/
vltm;jzihfwdkufdkufvkyfaqmifrIudk hupo 0dbwfESifhtwl ABLATIVE CASE jzifh
azmfjyonf/(rJ 1;22/ wref 22;30)
2/
vltm;jzifhwdkufdkufr[kwf?
oG,f0dkufvnf;r[kwfbJtv,ftvwftaetxm;jzifh
(Mum;ae)vkyfaqmifrIudk(0g) erf0dbwfESifhtwl ABLATIVE CASE azmfjyonf/ (rJ
1;22)
3/
vltm;jzifhr[kwfaomvkyfaqmifrIudk en 0dbwfESifhtwl INSTRUMENTAL CASE
jzifhazmfjyonf/

ACTIVE

VOICE

464

4/
C/

wpfcgwpfavvltm;jzifhvkyfaqmifrIjzpfap? vltm;jzifhr[kwfaomvkyfaqmifrIjzpfap?
INSTRUMENTAL CASE jzifhomazmfjyonf/
MIDDLE
VOICE
[lonfh0gus\uwm;onf Bud,m\vkyfaqmifrIudkjyKoljzpfum xdk
Bud,m\vkyfaqmifrIwkdufdkufyg0ifonf/
zGJYpnf;rIonf0guswpfck(0g)0guswpfykdif;\
uwm;ukdwpfenf;enf;jzifhtxl;jyKonf/ zGJUpnf;yHkrsdK;t*Fvdyfbmompum;r&Sdacs/ *&d
bmompum; zJGUpnf;ykHwGifjzpfEdkifaomt"dyg,fESifh bmomjyefEdkifyHkus,fjyefYpGm&Sdonf/
Oyrm tcsdKUrSSm1/
REFLEXIVE
-uwm;\vkyfaqmifrIonfuwm;tay:yifoufa&mufonf/ Oyrm
]]olYudk,folBudK;qGJcsonf}}(rJ 27;5)
2/
INTENSIVE - uwm;onfvkyfaqmifrIukdrdrdtwGufyifjyKvkyfonf/ Oyrm ]]pmwef
onftvif;\aumif;uifwreftjzpfolYukd,fola,mifaqmifonf}} (2aum 11;14)
3/
twHkYtvSnfh^tjyeftvSefuwm;ESpfckwdkYwpfckay:wpfck twHkYtvSnfhvkyfaqmif
jcif;/ Oyrm ]]olwdkYtcsif;csif;wkdifyifMu\}}(rJ 26;4)

3/ pdwftajctaejyyk'f MODE (odkYr[kwf)

u/

c/

*/

C/

MODE

(pdwf) tajctaejyykk'fav;rsdK;av;pm;&Sdonf/ Bud,monf wu,fh

tjzpftysufjzpfaMumif;ESifh tenf;qHk;tm;jzifh pma&;ol\pdwfxJtrSefyifjzpfysuf
aMumif;jyonf/ tajctaejyyk'frsm;udk us,fjyefYaomtrsdK;tpm;ESpfrsdK;jzifhcGJjcm;Edkif
onf/ tppftrSefjzpfysufrIudkazmfjyjcif; (INDICATIVE)ESifh jzpfysufEdkifajctvm;t vm
udkazmfjyjcif;( SUBJUNCTIVE IMPERATIVE ESifh OPTATIVE) [ljzpfonf/
INDICATIVE MOOD rSmyHkrSef MOOD jzpfNyD;jzpfay:cJhNyD;aomt&m (0g) jzpfay:ae
aomt&mudkazmfjyjcif;jzpftenf;qHk;taejzifh
pma&;ol\pdwfxJjzpfay:aejcif;udk
jyonf/ jzpfay:rIrSmwdusaomtcsdefwpfcsdefjzpfaMumif; Greek pum;om&Sdum
ae&majymonfhtrsdK;tpm;rSm'kwd,wef;pm;yifjzpfaeao;onf/
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD onftem*wfjzpfEdkifacs&SdaomvkyfaqmifrIudkjyonf/ wpfpHk
wpf&mrSmrjzpfysufao;aomfvnf;jzpfysufrnfhtvm;tvmaumif;&Sdonf/
4if;onf
FUTURE INDICATIVE ESifh rsm;pGmwlonf/ uGJjym;jcm;em;rIrSm SUBJUNCTIVE onf
wpfpHkwpfckaomtwkdif;twm txdoHo,&Sdjcif;udkjyonf/ t*Fvdyfbmom4if;udk ]]
could }} ]] would }} ]] may }} (0g) ]] might }} pum;vHk;rsm; jzihfazmfjyonf/
OPTATIVE MOOD onfoabmw&m;tm;jzifhjzpfEdkifaompdwfqE&SdMuonf/ 4if; onf
SUBJUNCTIVE
xufjzpfEdkifacs&SdrIaemufxyfwpfvSrf;qkyfukdifjcif;jzpfonf[k
wGufqxm;Muonf/ OPTATIVE onftajctaetcsdKYatmufjzpfEdkifacs&SdyHkudkazmf
jyonf/ "ropfusrf; OPTATIVE rSm&Sm;yg;onf/ 4if;onftrsm;tm;jzifhaygvk\
xif&Sm;aom]]rnfonfhtcgrQxdkodkYrjzpf&}} ]]May it never be}} (KJV ]] God forbid}})
pum;pkawGU&NyD;wq,fhig;BudrfoHk;onf/ (a&mr 3;4?6?31/ 6;2?15/7;7?13/9;14/
Koine Greek

465

i/

p/

q/

11;1?11/ 1aum 6;15/ *vm 2;17/3;21/6;14)/ tjcm;Oyrmrsm;rSm 1ouf 1;38/

20;16/ wref 8;20 ESifh 1ouf 3;11/
IMPERATIVE
MOOD
4if;onfjzpfEdkifajcSdaomapcdkif;jcif;udk txl;jyKaomfvnf;?
xdktxl;jyKrIonf ajymqdkol\MuHG,fcsufay:jzpfonf/ 4if;onfpdwfapwemtm;
jzifhjzpfEdkifajcSdrIudkajymjcif;rQomjzpfum?
tjcm;ol\a&G;cs,frIay:omrlwnfonf/
IMPERATIVE qkawmif;jcif;rsm;ESifh wwd,yk*dKvftm;jzifhjyKaomawmif;qdkrI^ arwm
&yfcHrIrsm;txl;ojzifhoHk;onf/ apcdkif;jcif;rsm;udk"ropfusrf;wGif PRESENT ESifh
AORIST rsm;omawGY&onf/
tcsdKUo'gpmtkyfrsm; PARTICIPLE rsm;udk MOOD wpfrsdK;tjzpfaz:jyonf/ ESpf
rsdK;rSm"ropf*&dpum;tvGefwljyD; VERBAL ADJECTIVE tjzpfrSwf,lavhSdum?
PARTICIPLE
rsm;udktrsdK;rsdK;
t"duMud,mESifhqufpyfbmomjyefavhSdMuonf/
us,fjyefYpGmbmomjyefEdkifonf/
t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;trsdK;rsdK;Munfh&eftaumif;
qHk;jzpfonf/ Baker yHkESdyfwdkufrSxkwfa0aom The Bible in Twenty Six Translation
rSmrsm;pGmtaxmuftuljyKygonf/
AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE rSmtjzpftysufwpfckudk yHkrSef(0g) ]]owfrSwfcsuf
rxm;aom}} yHkpHjzifhrSwfwrf;wifjcif;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf4if;tjcm;umvjyyk'f (tense)
voice (jyKol? tjyKcHyk'f) odkYr[kwfpma&;ol ajymvdkaomt&mudktwdtusteufaz:
Edkif&eft"dyg,frSkdjzpfonf/

4/ *&dbmompum;rwwfuRrf;olrsm;twGuf atmufygtaxmuftuljyK

pmtkyfrsm;rS vdktyfaomtaMumif;trsdK;rsdK;&SdEdkifonf/
u/
c/
*/
C/
i/

5/

ESifh Timothy wdkYa&;om;jyKpkonfh Analytical Greek New Testament

Grand Rapids: Baker pmyHkESdyfwdkuf 1988/
Marshall, Alfred a&;om;jyKpkonfh Interlinear Greek-English New Testamen. Grand
Rapids: Baker Zondervan pmyHkESdyfwdkuf 1976/
Mounce, William D a&;om;jyKpkonfh The Analytical Lexicon to the Greek New
Tastement. Grand Rapids: Zondervan pmyHkESdyfwdkuf1993/
Summers, Ray wddkYa&;om;jyKpkonfh Essentials of New Testament Greek Nashville:
Broadman pmyHkESdyfwdkuf 1950/
tqifhjrifhjrifhoifMum;ay;aom Koine Greek pmay;,loifcef;pmrsm; Moody Bible
Institute, Chicago, IL rS&Edkifonf/
Freberg, Barbara

emrfrsm; - NOUNS

u/

0gusrsm;zGJUpnf;yHkt&emrfrsm;udktaMumif;t&m (case) rsm;tm;jzifhtrsdK;tpm;cGJonf/ (case)

[lonfemrfypkH w
H pfckrScx
JG u
G u
f m Mud,mESi0hf gus\ tjcm;tpdwftydik ;f rsm;ESihf qufpyfyu
kH jkd yonf/
466

pum;(case) \tvkyfvkyfyHkrsm;pGmwdkYudk0dbwfrsm;jzifhjyonf/ (case) onf

qufpyfrItrsdK;rsdK;udkowfrSwfaz:jyEdkifojzifh? 0dbwfrsm;onf4if;wdkYudkydkrdkSif;vif;aponf/
Greek bmompum; (case) wdkYudkatmufygtwdkif;trsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;Edkifonf/
1/
NOMINATIVE CASE trnfemray;&efoHk;avhSdjyD;0gus (0g) 0gustydkif;wpfck\
uwm;jzpfavhSdonf/ 4if;udkjzpfjcif;wGJpyfrIjyaomMud,mrsm; to be (or) become wdkY ESifh
twl PREDICATE NOUN ESifh ADJECTIVE rsm;vnf;oHk;onf/
2/
GENITIVE CASE az:jyrItjzpfoHk;um? 4if;ESifhqufpyfaompum;vHk;\*kPft*Fg (0g)
t&nftcsif;owfrSwfavhSdonf/
4if;onfrnfonfhtrsdK;tpm;jzpfaMumif;ar;cGef;udk
tajzay;onf/ 4if;onft*Fvdyf0dbwf of jzifhaz:jyavhSdonf/
BLATIVE CASE udk GENITIVE uJhodkYpum;vHk;yHkpHajymif;vJtoHk;jyKyHk wlnDaomf
3/
vnf;4if;udkoD;jcm;cGJxkwfjcif;tm;azmfjy&efoHk;onf/ 4if;onf tcsdef? ae&m? rlv
&if;jrpf? rlvtp (0g) twdkif;twm (degree) wpfckrScGJxGufjcif;? oD;jcm;jzpfoGm;
jcif;udkjyavhSdonf/ 4if;udkt*Fvdyf0dbwf from jzifhaz:jyonf/
4/
DATIVE CASE yk*dKvfa&;qdkif&mrsm; az:jy&efoHk;onf/ tjyKoabmjzpfap? tysuf
oabmjzpfapaz:jyEdkifonf/ 4if;rSmwkdufdkufuHyk'fwnf; (DIRECT OBJECT) jzpfavh
Sdonf/ t*Fvyf0dbwf to jzifhaz:jyavhSdonf/
5/
LOCATIVE CASE rSm DATIVE uJhodkYpum;vHk;ajymif;vJyHkwlnDaomfvnf;ae&m? tcsdef
(0g) usdK;aMumif;qifjcifwHk;w&m;qdkif&muefYowfrIrsm;\ taetxm; (odkY) wnf
ae&mudkaz:jyonf/ 4if;udkt*Fvdyf0dbwfrsm;jzpfaom in, on, at, among, during, by,
upon, beside rsmtm;jzifhaz:jyavhSdonf/
6/
INSTRUMENTAL CASE
onf DATIVE uJhodkYpum;vHk;ajymif;vJyHkwlnDonf/ 4if;
onfenf;vrf; (means) odkYr[kwfwGJpyfrIudkaz:jyonf/ 4if;udkt*Fvdyfpum;vHk; by
odkYr[kwf with jzifhaz:jyavhSdonf/
7/
ACCUSATIVE
CASE
udkvkyfaqmifrIwpf&yf\ tqHk;owftm;az:jy&efoHk;onf/
tuefYtowfudkaz:jyonf/ 4if;udkt"dutm;jzifh direct object oHk;onf/ 4if; onf
]]rnfrQtuGmta0;}}
odkYr[kwf
]]rnfonfhtwdkif;twm}}
[laomar;cGef;
udktajzay;avhSdonf/
VOCATIVE CASE udk wkdufdkufajymqdkrIrsm;oHk;onf/
8/
Kiine

c/

6/

Greek

pum;qufrsm;ESifh qufpyfrIrsm; (CONJUNCTIONS AND CONNECTORS)

u/ *&dpum; qufpyfay;aom pum;vHk;rsm;pGm&Sdojzifh tvGefwdusaombmompum;jzpfonf/
4if;wkdYonfawG;awmrIrsm; (0gustydkif;rsm;? 0gusrsm;ESifh pmydk'frsm;) udkqufpyfay;onf/
4if;wkdYrSm tvGeftoHk;rsm;ojzifh 4if;wkdYryg&Sdjcif;onf teufzGifh&mtvGeft"dyg,f&Sdonf/
pum;qufrsm;ESifh tquftpyfrsm;onfpma&;ol\ tawG;rnfonfhb,fudka&S;IaMumif;
jyonf/ pma&;olrnfonfht&mtm;ajymvdkaMumif;twdtusqHk;jzwfcsufay;avh&Sdonf/
467

c/ pum;qufESifh tqufpyftcsdKU\pm&if;ESifh 4if;wdkY\t"dyg,frsm;udk atmufwGifazmfjyonf/

(4if;wkdYrSmtrsm;pkudk H.E. Dana and Julius K. Manteys wkdY\A Manual Grammar of the Greek
New Testament pmtkyfrSaumufEIwfonf)
1/
tcsdefumv\tquftpyfrsm;/
(u) epei, epeide, hopote, hos, hote, hotan (SUBJ)- When - b,ftcg? aomtcg
(c) heos - while - pOfwGif? tcdkuf
(*) hotan, epan (subj) whenever - b,ftcgrqdk? tcgwdkif;
(C) heos, achri, mechri, (subj)-until -wdkifatmif? txd
(1) priv (infin) before t&if? tOD;? rwdkifrD
(2) hos- since when as -]]rp? uwnf;u? &um;? aomaMumifh}}
]]b,ftcg? aomtcg}} tvm;wl? ouJhodkY? uJhodkYaom? taejzifh?
ojzifh? aepOf? aeqJ? pOfwGif? twdkif;? uJhodkY? yrm}}

2/

usdK;aMumif;qifjcifrItm;qufpyfay;jcif;
u/

c/

*/

C/

&nf&G,fcsuf
(1) hina (SUBJ), hopos (SUBJ), hos- in order that, that -]]&ef? &eft
vdkYiSg? ap&efiSg}} ]][k? [l}}
(2) hoste (ARTICULAR ACCUSATIVE INFINITIVE) that -]][k? [l}}
(3) pros (ARTICULAR ACCUSATIVE INFINITIVE) odkYr[kwf eis
(ARTICULAR ACCUSATIVE INFINITIVE) that - [k? [l
&v'f (&nf&G,fcsufESifh &v'fwkdY o'gzGJYpnf;yHkt& eD;uyfpGmqufpyfrI&Sd
onf)/
(1) hoste (INFINITIVE 4if;rSm toHk;rsm;qHk;jzpfonf)- in order that thus
]]&ef? &eftvdkYiSg? ap&efiSg}} xdkodkY? odkYjzifh}}
(2) hiva (SUBJ) so that ]]&efiSg? bdkU&ef? ap&ef}}
(3) ara so xdkrQavmuf? xdkaMumifh? xdkodkYyif
Causal or reason - taMumif;w&m? taMumif;wpfckudktaxmuftyHhjyKaom
(1) gar (taMumif;&if;^tusdK;oufa&mufrI (0g) taMumif;w&m;^
ed*Hk;csKyf)- for because of ]]tbdkY? twGuf? tb,f aMumifhqdkaomf}}
(2) dioti, hotiy because - tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf
(3) epei, epeide, hos - ]]rSp uwnf;u? &xm;aomaMumifh}}
(4) dia (with ACCUSATIVE) ESifh (with ARTICULAR INFIN) because
Inferential - ,lqjcif;qdkif&m

(1)

ara, poinun, hoste therefore -

jzpf}}
468

]]odYk jzpf? odYk jzpfjcif;aMumifh xdo

k Ykd

(2)

dio

(tjyif;xefqHk;

INFERENTAL CONJANCTION) on which

account wherefore therefore -]]xdktaMumif;aMumifh}}

3/

(3) oun therefore so then conseguently - ]]tusdK;quftm;jzifh}}

(4) toinoun accordingly - ]]vdkufavsmfnDpGm}}
i/
qefYusifbufjzpfaom? uGmjcm;aom? jcm;em;aom
(1) alla (jyif;xefaomADVERSATIVE) but except - ]]rQom? rSwpfyg;?
aomfjim;vnf;? apumrl}} ]]rSwyg;}}
(2) de- but however yet on the other hand - ]]odkYaomf? apumrl? rQom?
rSwyg;}} ]]xd? ao;? odkY&mwGif? odkYayrJh? odkYjim;vnf;}} tjcm;wzuf}}
(3) kai but
(4) mentoi, oun however
(5) plen nerver- the less (vkumc&pf0ifusrf;trsm;qHk;) - ]]odkYygvsufESifh}}
(6) oun however
p/
EIid ;f ,SOfjcif;
(1) hos, kathos (EdiI ;f ,SOfaom0gustydik ;f wpfcu
k rkd w
d q
f ufpwifay;onf)
(2) kata (aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm; - katho, kathoti, kathosper, kathaper)
(3) hosos (a[NAJMo0g'pm)
(4) e than - xuf?om
q/ qufvufaejcif; (0g) twGJvdkuf? tpOftquf
(1) de and now - ]]ESi?hf }} ]],ck}}
(2) kai and
(3) tei and
(4) hina - oun - that ]]xdkt&m[k? [l}}
(5) oun, then (a,m[ef xJ)
tav;teufjyKaomtoHk;tEIef;rsm;
(u) alla certainty yea in fact - ]]aocsmaomtjzpf}} ]][kwfygonf}} ]]trSefpifppf}}
(c) ara indeed certainly really - ]]trSeftm;jzifh? trSefwu,f}} ]]pifppftm;jzifh}}
(*) gar but really certainly indeed - ]]trSeftm;jzifh? trSefwu,f}}
(C) de indeed
(i) ean even - ]]yifvQif? awmifrS}}
(p) kai even indeed really
(q) mentoi - indeed
(Z) oun - really by all means - tppf

7/ cRif;csufyg 0gusrsm;
u/ cRif;csufyg0gusqo
kd nfrSm cRif;csuf0gustpdwt
f ydik ;f (clause) wpfck odYk r[kww
f pfckxufy
kd yg
aom0gusjzpfonf/ o'gzGJUpnf;yHkonfteufjyefru
I u
kd ykd yhH ;kd ay;onf/ tb,faMumifq
h akd omf
469

0gus\ t"duBud,monf tb,fhaMumifhxdkodkYvkyfaqmif&aMumif;\tajctaersm;? tusdK;

taMumif; (0g) taMumif;&if;rsm;udkazmfjyay;aomaMumifjh zpfonf/ cRif;csuyf g0gusav;rsKd ;av;
pm;&Sdonf/ 4if;wdkYonfpma&;oltaejzifh rSefonf[krSwf,lxm;jcif; (0g) ol\qEoufoufjzpf
aomBuH&G,fcsufrS qif;oufvmonf/
c/ yxrwef;pm;cRif;csufyg0gusonfpma&;ol\tjrifrS rSefonf[krSwf,laomvkyfaqmifrI (0g)
h Qif}} ESijhf yvQiyf if ol&nf&,
G f
jzpfaeaom? &Sdaeaomt&m (0g) t*Fvdyfpum;vHk; if -]]vQif? cJv
aomt&mudkjyonf/ ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;4if;udk since rSp? uwnf;u? &um;? aomaMumifh
tjzpfbmomjyefEdkifonf/ (rJ 4;3/ a&mr 8;31)/ odkYaomfyxrwef;pm;rsm;tm;vHk;udktjzpf
rSef[kqdkvkdjcif;r[kwfacs/ rMumcPyifusdK;aMumif;jyaqG;aEG;wifjyrIrsm;jzpfap? rSm;,Gif;aMumif;
tm;pdwf0ifpm;p&mtaumif;qHk;tcsufrsm;jzifh jy&efoHk;avh&Sdonf/ (rJ 12;27)/
*/ 'kwd,wef;pm;cRif;csufyg 0gusrsm;udk ]]tjzpfrSef ESihf qefYusifbuf}} [kac:onf/ tcsufwpf
csuftjzpf,l&avmufatmiftrSefr[kwfaomt&mwpfckjyonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
1/ olonfrdrdr[kwfaomya&mzufwpfOD;trSefjzpfcJhrnfqdkvQif? ]] oludkzufvSJwuif;jyKaeol
trsKd ;orD;rnfoljzpfaMumif;ESihf xdt
k rsKd ;orD;\tusiphf m&dwr nfoYkd jzpfaMumif; olod&v
dS rd hf
rnfjzpfaomfvnf;? ol (He )onfr[kwfcJh}} (vkum 7;39)
2/ ]]oifwYkd onf? oifwYkd r,HMk unfMuaom? arma&Sut
kd rSef,MkH unfcMhJ uygu? oifwYdk r,HMk unf
aomighudk,HkMunfMuvdrfhrnf}} (a,m[ef 5;46)
3/ igonfrdrdxdkodkYrjyKcJhonfht&mjzpfaom vlrsm;tm;auseyfap&ef tm;xkwfaeao;onfqdkvQif
igjzpfaeonfht&mjzpfaomc&pfawmf\ aus;uRefwpfa,mufr[kwfawmhNyD}} (*vm 1;10)
C/ wwd,wef;pm;onf tem*wfjzpfEikd af cs&Sad omvkyfaqmifru
I akd jymonf/ 4if;onfjzpfEikd af cs&Sd
aomxdv
k yk af qmifrIukd trSef[krSwf,lonf/ 4if;onfrarQmfreS ;f aom? rarQmv
f ifah omtjzpftysuf
udkqdkvkdavh&Sdonf/ 0gusygt"duBud,m\vkyfaqmifrIonf ]]xkdt&m? 4if;(it)}}ESifh jzpfaom0gus
tpdwftydkif;\vkyfaqmifrItay:rarQmfvifhaom (BudKwifrcefYrSef;Edkifaom) t&mjzpfonf/ Oyrm
rsm;rSm 1a,m[efxJrSm 1;6-10/ 2;4? 6? 9? 15? 20? 21? 24? 29/ 3;21/ 4;20/ 5;14? 16/
i/
pwkwtrsdK;tpm;rSm jzpfEdkifacsESifhtvSrf;a0;qHk;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSm"ropfusrf;xJawGU&onf/
trSefrSmcRif;csufESpfydkif;vHk;t"dyg,fowfrSwfcsufESkifhudkufnDaompwkwwef;pm;
cRif;csuf
yg0gusppfppf[lrSdacs/ wpfpdwfwpfydkif;tm;jzifhpwkwtrsdK;tpm;\OyrmrSm 1ay3;14jzpf
onf/ tvm;wl OyrmwpfckrSm wrefawmf8;31 tqHk;owfydkif;jzpfonf/

8/ wm;qD;jcif;rsm;
u/

ESifh MEPARTICLE wGJaeonfhtcg(4if;omvQifr[kwf) qufvuf

aecJhjyDjzpfaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfck&yfwefYvdkufjcif;udk txl;ajymonf/ OyrmtcsdKUrSm]]ajrMuD;
ay:bPmpkjcif;udk&yfwefYMuavmh...}} (rJ 6;19) ]]oifhtouftwGufpdk;&drfaejcif;udk&yf
wefYMuavmh,...}} (rJ 6;25) ]]oifwdkY\cEmudk,ftpdwftydkif;rsm;tm; rSm;,Gif;aomwef
qmyvmtjzpftjypfay;vSLjcif;udk&yfwefYMuavmh...}} (a&mr 6;13) ]]oifwdkYonfbk&m;
PRESENT IMPERATIVE

470

c/

*/

ocif\oefYSif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;jypfrSm;jcif;udk&yfwefY&vdrfhrnf/({zuf 4;30) ]]pyspf&nf

aomufjcif;udk&yfwefYMuavmh...}} ({zuf 5;18)
AORIST SUBJUNCTIVE onf MEPARTICLE ESifhwGJonfhtcg ]]vkyfaqmifrIjyK&eftpjyKjcif;
udkyifrjyKESifh}} [ltav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ OyrmtcsdKUrSm]]xifjrif&efpwifjcif;yifrjyK
MuESifh}} (rJ 6;31) ]]pdk;&drf&eftpjyKjcif;rnfonfhtcgrQrjyKMuESifh}} (rJ 6;31) ]]oif
onfrnfonfhtcgrQrSuf...}} (2wd 1;8)
DOUBLE NEGATIVE
ESifh SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD wGJonfhtcgtxlav;eufpGmjiif;
y,fjcif;jzpfonf/ ]]r[kwf? rnfonfhtcgrQr[kwf}} odkYr[kwf]]rnfonfhtajctaerQ}}[l
jzpfonf/ OyrmtcsdKUrSm ]]olonfaojcif;udkrnfonfhtcgrQrMuHK&?olonfrnfonfhtcg
rQMuHK&vdrfhrnfr[kwf}} (a,m 8;51)/ ]]igonfrnfonfhtcgrQ...vdrfhrnfr[kwf?rnfonfh
tcgrQ...}} (1aum 8;13)/

9/ THE ARTICLE (The ESifh a, an)

u/

c/

*/

DEFINITE ARTICLE The (wpfckck? wpfpHkwpf&mtm;twdtusTGef;&ef

oHk;onf)udkoHk;EIef;yHkrSm t*FvdyfbmomESifhtwlwlyifjzpfonf/ 4if;onf]]Tefjy&mjrm;OD;}}
(pointer) enf;wlpum;vHk;? Emrnfwpfck (0g) pum;pkwpfcktm; tm;HkjyKap&efTefjyonf/
"ropfusrf;4if;udktoHk;jyKyHkrSm usrf;jyKolwpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;wpfrsdK;pDjzpfonf/ ]]The}}
pum;vHk;onf atmufygtwdkif;vnf;tvkyfvkyfEdkifonf/
1/ okyfjySif;vif;rIay;aomemrfpm; demonstrative PRONOUN enf;wluGmjcm;csuf?jcm;em;
csufudkjy&ef/
2/ tpjyKaz:jycJhjyD;aomtaMumif;t&m(SUBJECT)odkUr[kwfvlyk*dKvftm;&nfTef;jcif;tjzpf
3/
0guswpfck\uwm;(SUBJEC)tm;qufpyfay;aomMud,mwpfckjzifhowfrSwfaz:jyjcif;t
jzpf]]Oyrm}}bk&m;ocifonfemrf0dnmOfjzpfawmfrl\/(a,m 4;24)/ ]]bk&m;ocifonfcspfjcif;
arwmjzpfawmfrl\}} (4;8? 6)
Koine Greek
t*FvdyfbmomrSmuJhodkY a(or) an (wpfck?wpfa,muf)wnf;[laom
INDEFINTE ARTICLE rSdacs/ toHk;tEIef;rSdjcif;onf1/ wpfpHkwpfck\MuiftifvuPm(0g)t&nftaoG;tm;pl;pdkufjcif;
2/ wpfpHkwpf&m\trsdK;tpm;tm; pl;pdkufjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
"ropfusrf;a&;om;olrsm; ARTICLE rsm;oHk;EIef;yHktvGefuGJjym;jcm;em;onf/
Konine Greeh

10/ *&d"ropfusrf;tav;teufaz:jyyHktrsdK;rsdK;
u/
c/

tav;teufjyK&efoHk;EIef;yHkrSm "ropfusrf;jyKolwpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;uGJjym;jcm;em;onf/ wajy;

nDESifhpnf;urf;wustSdqHk;rSm vkumESifha[jAJusrf;jyKolrsm;jzpfonf/
AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE rSmpHjzpfjyD;tav;teufjyKrI\trSwftom;wpfpHkwpf&mryg
aMumif;cyfapmapmaz:jycJhjyD;jzpfonf/
odkYaomf4if;teufzGifhEdkif&eft"dyg,fwdkaomtjcm;
471

umvjyyk'f?

*/

2/

3/

C/

odkUr[kwf mood [lrSdacs/ xdkodkYjzpfjcif;aMumifh AORIST ACTIVE

INDICATIVE
udko'genf;ust"dyg,fSdaomoabmjzif
toHk;rrsm;[laomoabmrouf
a&mufacs/ Oyrm a&mr 6;10qdkvQifESpfcgyifoHk;onf/
trsm;oHk; Koine Greek \pum;vHk;tpDtpOf
Koine
Greek
pum;rSmt*Fvdyfenf;wlpum;vHk;aSUaemuftpDtpOfay:rwnfrSDbJ?
1/
tajymif;tvJjyKaombmompum;jzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifhpma&;olonfarQmfvifhxm;
onfhyHkrSeftpDtpOfudk atmufygtMumif;rsm;aMumifhajymif;vJEdkifonf/
(u) pma&;olonfpmzwfoltm;tav;teufajymvdkonfht&may:rlwnf
(c) rdrd\pmIolwtHhwMojzpfrnf[kpma&;ol,lqonfht&may:rlwnf
(*) pma&;olav;eufpGmcHpm;&onfht&may:rlwnf
yHkrSef*&dpum;\a&SUaemuftpDtpOfonfyiftwnfwus&Sdonfr[kwfacs/
odkYaomfyHkrSef[k,l
qxm;onfhtpDtpOfrSm
(u) qufpyfay;aomBud,mrsm;
(1)Bud,m
(2)uwm;yk'f
(3)jynfhpHkaprI
(c) uHyk'frvdkaomBud,mrsm; (transitive verbs)
(1)Bud,m
(2)uwm;yk'f (SUBJECT)
(3)uHyk'f (OBJECT)
(4) INDIRECT OBJECT
(5)0dbwfESifhqdkifaompum;pk
(*) emrfygaompum;pkrsm;
(1)emrf
(2) MODIFIER (&Sif;vif;? wdusapaompum;vHk;)
(3)0dbwfygaompum;pk
pum;vkHk;tpDtpOfonfteufzGihf&mtvGefw&mta&;BuD;Edkifonf/ Oyrmrsm;rSm
(u) ]]nmvufudkigESifhAmebtm;rdwfo[m,twGufay;Muonf}} (*vm2;9) rdwfo[m
,jyKjcif;qdkif&m ]]nmvuf}} pum;pkonfae&majymif;um4if;\ta&;BuD; yHkazmfjy&ef a&SU
wifxm;onf/
(c) ]]c&pfawmfESifhtwl}} (*v 2;20)pum;pkudka&SUxm;onf/ c&pfawmf\aojcif;udk
tv,fxm;onf/
(*) ]]4if;onfwpfppD? wpfppDESifh uGJjym;jcm;em;aomenf;vrf;rsm;jzifhjzpfonff}} (a[NAJ 1;1)
[laomtydkif;udkyxrydkif;
a&SUqHk;xm;onf/
4if;rSmbk&m;ocifonfrdrdudk,f
rdrdrnfodkYzGifhjyaMumif;ajymjcif;jzpf zGifhjyrItm;ajymvkdjcif;r[kwfacs/
tav;teufjyKrItm;twdkif;twmwpfckxdazmfjyavh&SdyHkrSm
voice

472

(1)
(2)

(3)

(4)

yHkpHajymif;xm;aomBud,myHkpHxJyg&SdNyD;jzpfaomemrfpm;wpfcktm;xyfrHazmfjyjcif;/ Oyrm
]]ig? igudk,fwkdifonfoifwkdUESihftwl{ueftrSef&Sdvdrfhrnf}} (rJ 28;20)
arQmfvifhxm;onfhpum;qufwpfck odkYr[kwf pum;vHk;csif;? pum;pkcsif;? 0gus
tydkif;csif;odkYr[kwf 0guscsif;wdkY\ tquftpyfwpfckckryg&Sdjcif;/ 4if;udk asyndeton
(csnfaESmifrxm;)[kac:onf/ pum;qufudkarQmfvifhxm; aomfvnf;ryg&Sdonfhtcg
tmHkpdkufrIjyKaponf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
(u) awmifay:a'oem/ rJ 5;3 (yg0ifonfht&mudktav;teufjy onf)
(c) a,m[ef 14;1 (taMumif;t&mtopf)
(*) a&mr 9;1 (u@topf)
(C) 2aum 12;20 (yg0ifonfht&mtav;teufjyKonf)
azmfjyygtaMumif;t&mwpfcktwGif;ygaompum;vHk; odkYr[kwfpum;pkwdkY tm;xyfrH
azmfjyjcif;/ Oyrm ]]bkef;toa&awmfudkcsD;rGrf;apjcif;iSg}} ({zuf 1;6?12?14)
pum;pkudkoHk;yg;wpfql\tvkyftm;azmfjy&efoHk;onf/
a0g[m&wpfckESifhwpfckpyfMum;wGifpum;vHk;(0g)pum;vHk;wGJrsm;
(tD'D,)
rsm;udk
upm;jyoHk;EIef;jcif;/
(u) euphemisms (oG,f0dkufoHk;EIef;)- aoonf pum;vHk;tpm; ]]tdyfaysmfonf}}
[ktpm;xdk;umoG,f0dkufoHk;EIef;ajymqdkjcif;/ (a,m[ef11;11-14) odkYr[kwf
a,musfm;t*FgZmwftpm; ]]ajcaxmuf}} [kajymjcif;/ (ko 3;7-8/ 1"r 24;3)
(c) circumlocutions (vSnfhywfoHk;EIef;jcif;)/ bk&m;ocif\emrawmftm;tpm;
xdk;oHk;EIef;jcif;rsm;/ Oyrm ]]aumif;uifEdkifiHawmf}} (rJ 3;21) odkYr[kwf
]]aumif;uifrStoHwpfoH}} (rJ 3;17)
(*) ajymyHkqdkyHkrsm;
(1) rjzpfEkdifaomcsJUum;ajymqdkjcif;-(rJ 3;9/ 5;29-30/ 19;24)
(2) aysmhajymif;aomtvGeftuRHazmfjyrI- (rJ 3;5/ wrefawmf 2;36)
(3) vltjzpfwifpm;ajymqkdjcif; - (1aum 15;55)
(4) t"dyg,fajymif;jyefaumuf&aomajymqdkoHk;EIef;jcif; - (*vm 5;12)
(5) uAsmtvuFmpmydk'frsm; - (zd 2;6-11)
(6) pum;vHk;rsm;vSnfhywfupm;oHk;EIef;jcif;(u) ]]toif;awmf}} (Church)
(i)]]toif;awmf}} - Church ({zuf 3;21)
(ii)]]ac:zdwfjcif; ({zuf 4;1?4)
(iii)]]ac:zdwfcH&aom}} ({zuf 4;1?4)
(c) ]]vGwfvyf}}
(i)]]vGwfvyfaomrdef;r}} (*v 4;31)
(ii)]]vGwfvyfjcif;}} (*v 5;1)
(iii)]]vGwfvyf}} (*v 5;1)
473

(*)

*/

pum;vHk;wGJrsm; (idiomatic) oHk;EIef;yHktoHk;tEIef;

rsdK;onf"avhxHk;pHESifhbmompum;udktajccHaomoD;
oefUt"dyg,f&Sdonf/
(1) 4if;onf ]]tpm}} udkyHkaqmifjcif;jzpfonf(a,m 4;3134)
(2) 4if;onf ]]Adrmefawmf}} udkyHkaqmifjcif;jzpfonf (a,m
2;19/ rJ 26;61)
(3) 4if;onfoem;Muifemjcif;\ a[NAJtD'D,HtoHk;tEIef;
]]rkef;wD;}} jzpfonf/ (urm 29;31/ w&m;a[m 21;15/
a,m 12;25/ a&mr 9;13)/
(4) ]]tm;vHk;}} onf ]]trsm;tjym;}} ESifhtNydKiffjzpfonf/
a[&Sm, 53;6(tm;vHk;)udk 53;11?12 &Sd (trsm;)ESihf
EIdkif;,SOfyg/ xdka0g[m&wdkYrSm a&mr 5;18 ESifh 19 wdkY
jyouJhodkYt"dyg,fwljzpfonf/
(5) pum;vHk;wpfvHk;wnf;oHk;jcif;xufpum;pktjynfhtpHk
oHk;jcif;/ Oyrm ]]ocifa,Ic&pfawmf}}
(6) autos tm;txl;wvnfoHk;EIef;yHk
(u) ARITICLE (the,a,an) wkdYESifhwGJonfhtcg (*kPftif
vuPmjytaejzifh) same]]twlwl}}[kbmomjyefonf
(c) ARTICLE rygbJ (Bud,moabmjzifh -predicate) oHk;
onfhtcg INTENSIVE REFLEXIVE ]]olUudk,fwkdif}} ]]4if;
udk,fwkdif}} tjzpfbmomjyefonf/
Greek ormusrf;pmroHk;aomolrsm;taejzifhtxl;jyKrIudktrsdK;rsdK;cJGjcm;od&SdEdkifonf/
(1) cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmaoma[NAJ?*&dtbd"gefESifh*&d^t*FvdyfvkdwGJaomusrf;pmudkokH;jcif;jzifh
(2) t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;udktxl;ojzifhbmomjyefjcif;
oDtkd&Drwlaomusrf;rsm;udk
EIdkif;,SOfjcif;/
Oyrm/ vHk;aphywfaphbmomjyefusrf;wpfusrf;tm; (KJV, NKJV, ASV, NASB, RSV,
NRSV) ]]tjynfht0udkufnDaom}}-dynamic equivalent bmomjyef usrf;wpfusrf;
(Williams, NIV, NEB, REB, JB, NJB, TEV) ESifhEIdkif;,SOfavhvmjcif;/ 4if;
twGufaumif;aom taxmuftuljyKusrf;rSm Baker yHkESdyfwkdufrSxkwfa0aom ]] The
Bible in Twenty Six Translation}} jzpfonf/
(3) Joseph Bryant, Rotherham (Kregel 1994) a&;om;jyKpkonfh The Emphariged Bible
(4) tvGefvHk;aphywfaphusaombmomjyefusrf;wpfusrf;ukdoHk; jcif;
(u) The American Standard Version of 1901
(c) Youngs Literal Translation of the Bible-by Robert Young (Guardian yHkESdyfwdkuf
1976)
474

o'gavhvmjcif;onfyifyef;ysif;&dbG,f&maumif;aomfvnf;
aumif;pGmteufjyefjcif;twGuf
vkdtyfonf/
tusOf;csKyft"dym,fowfrSwfcsufrsm;?rSwfcsufjyKrlrsm;ESifh
OyrmwdkYrSmpmwGJ
twGif;ay;xm;onfho'gqdkif&mrSwfpkrsm;ydkem;vnfap&ef
*&dbmomrwwfuRrf;aompmIolrsm;udk
tm;ay;ulnD&efjzpfonf/
t"dyg,fowfrSwfcsufwdkYrSmdk;&Sif;vGef;tm;BuD;onfrSmaocsmonf/
4if;wdkYudkMo0g'wpfckcsrSwf&efjzpfap? yHkaoum;csjzpfaproHk;&yg/ "ropfusrf;\0gustxm;todk
tm;ydkrkdem;vnfoabmaygufap&efajcvSrf;wpfvSrf;rQomjzpfygonf/
xdkYjyif"ropfusrf;tm;enf;
ynmtqifhjzifh teufzGifhusrf;rsdK;uJhodkYaom tjcm;avhvma&; taxmuftuljyKusrf;rsm;udk ydkrdkem;
vnfoabmaygufap&ef t"dyg,fowfrSwfcsufwdkYonf pmlolrsm;udktaxmuftuljyKvdrfhrnf
[krsm;pGmarQmfvifhrdygonf/
uRefawmfwdkYonfrdrd\ teufjyefrIrSefuefjcif; SdrSdormusrf;pm\vufa&;usrf;wdkYxJawGYSd
&onfh taMumif;t&mrsm;ay: tajcjyKEdkifpGrf;Sd&ayrnf/ o'gonftaxmuftulltrsm;qHk;ay;aom
trsdK;tpm;wpfckjzpfonf/ tjcm;trsdK;tpm;rsm;ordkif;0iftaMumif;t&mrsm;? usrf;pum;tquf tpyf?
acwfjydKifpum;vHk;toHk;tEIef;ESifhtvm;wlusrf;ydk'frsm;jzpfygownf;/

475

aemufqufwGJESpf
rl&if;usrf;qdkif&mtuJjzwfpDppfjcif;
uPrSmteufzGifhusrf;awGY&aomrl&if;usrf;qdkifrSwfcsufrsm;udkSif;vif;&efjzpfonf/
atmufygwdkYudktusOf;csKyftoHk;jyKonf/
1/
t*Fvdyfusrf;pmrsm;\rl&if;vufa&;
u/ "ra[mif;usrf;
c/ "ropfusrf;
2/ rl&if;vufa&;usrf;rsm;qdkif&mtuJjzwfpDppfrI textual criticism [lvnf;ac:aom lower
criticism qdkif&mjyomemrsm;ESifhoDtdk&Drsm;udktusOf;csKyfSif;vif;jcif;/
3/ aemufxyfavhvm&eftMuHjyKaompmtkyfrsm;/

1/ t*Fvdyfusrf;pmrsm;\rl&if;vufa&;usrf;rsm;
u/ "ra[mif;usrf;
1/

2/

3/

4/

Masoretic text (MT) a[jAJo&usrf;udk

at'D(100)ckESpf&Ad Aquiba jyKpkonf/ o&rsm;?

toHtedrfhtjrifhjyrsm;?
ab;rSwfcsufrsm;?
tjzwftawmufoauFwrsm;
ponfwdkYudkat'D (6) &mpktwGif;pwifjznfhpGufvmcJhMu&mat'D (9) &mpktwGif;
tjyD;owfcJhonf/ 4if;udk Masoretes ac:usrf;wwfrdom;pkwpfpkvkyfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
olwdkYoHk;aomrl&if;usrf;rsm;rSm Misnah, Jalmad, Peshitta ESifh Vulgate usrf;rsm;enf;
wljzpfonf/
Septuagint(LXX)tvufZjEm;NrdKUpmMunfhwdkuftwGuf
wd,ajrmufawmfvrDbk&ifBuD;
\(285-246bDpD) axmufyhHrSKjzifh*sL;usrf;wwfq&mBuD;70OD;wdkYt&uf 70 twGif;
jyKpkcJhMuaomusrf;[kac:onf/ xdkodkbmomjyef&eftvufZjEm;NrdKUaexdkifol *sL;
acgif;aqmifwpfOD;arwm&yfcHcJhjcif;jzpfonf[k,lqMuonf/ taMumif;tm; Letter
of Aristeas awG&onf/ LXX onfrMumcPyif&Ad Aguiba \rl&if; usrf;(MT)
ESifhuGJjym;aom a[jAJrl&if;usrf;wpfusrf;tm;trSDjyKaMumif;awGY& onf/
Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS) yifv,faousrf;pmvdyfrsm;udk Essenes ac:*sL;oD;jcm;cGJ
xGwfa&;*dkPf;wpf*dkPf;onfa&mracwfwGif (200bDpDrS at'D70)a&;om;jyKpkcJhMujcif;
jzpfonf/ yifv,faoywf0ef;usifae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;awGU&aom a[NAJvuf
a&;usrf;rsm;onf (MT) ESifh LXX ESpfckpvHk;aemufydkif; uGJjym;jcm;em;aoma[jAJ
usrf;tkyfpkwpfckjzpfaMumif;ay:vGifonf/
teufzGifholrsm;onf
"ra[mif;usrf;tm;em;vnfoabmaygufEdkif&ef
rl&if;
vufa&;usrf;rsm;tm;EdIif;,SOfrIonfrnfodkYulnDEdkifyHkwdusaomOyrmwpfcsdKYrSm(u) LXX onfbmomjyefq&mrsm;ESifhusrf;pmynmSifrsm;tm; MT udkem;vnf
oabmayguf Edkif&efulnDyHhydk;onf/
476

1/

(c)

(*)

c/

LXX \a[Sm

52;14 ]]vltrsm;onfolYtm;tHhMordef;armMuonf

ESifhtnD}}
2/
MT \a[Sm 52;14]]vlrsm;pGmwdkYonfoifhtm;tHhMordefarmcJhonfESifh
tnD}}
3/
LXX \uGJjym;jcm;em;aomemrfpm;rsm;udka[Sm 52;15 onftwnf
jzpfaponf/
(u) LXX ]]odkYjzpfvlrsdK;rsm;pGmwdkYonfolYudktHhMoMuvdrfhrnf/}}
(c) MT odkYjzpfolonfvlrsdK;rsm;pGmwdkYudkyufjzef;onf/
DSS onfbmomjyefq&mrsm;ESifhusrf;pmavhvmolrsm;tm; MT udkem;vnf
oabmayguf&eful nDonf/
(1) DSS \a[Sm 21;8]]xdkYaemufuif;apmifhaomolonfatmf[pfvsufuif;
arQmfpif ay:uREfkfyf&yfvsuf...}}
(2) MT \a[Sm 21;8]]jyD;vQifuREfkyfonfjcaoFhwpfaumifudkatmf[pfonf!
uREfkyf\tSifocif?
uREfkyfonfaeYtcsdefwGifuif;arQmfpifay:tjrJ&yf
vsufSdygonf...}}
LXX ESifh DSS ESpfrsdK;pvHk;a[Sm 53;11udkSif;vif;aponf/
(1) LXX & DSS ]]rdrdpdwf0dnmOfa0'emcHjyD;aemufolonf tvif;
udkjrifvdrfhrnf/ olonf tm;&auseyfvdrfhrnf/}}
(2) MT ]]rdrdpdwf0dnmOf\a0'emudkoljrifvdrfhrnf/ olonftm;&auseyf
vdrfhrnf/}}

"ropfusrf;
1/

2/

3/

*&d"ropfusrf;tjynfhtpHk(0g)tpdwftydkif;aygif;(5300)ausmfSdonf/
(85)avmuf
rSmay&Gufay:a&;om;jcif;jzpfum
vufa&;usrf;(268)wdkYrSmpmvHk;MuD;rsm;jzifha&;xm;
onf/ aemufydkif;at'D(9)&mpkcefYwGif pmvHk;ao;usrf;ay:vmonf/ *&dvufa&;
usrf;(2700)Sdonf/
0wfjyKudk;uG,f&moHk;aomusrf;ydk'frsm;pkpnf;onfhusrf;aygif;
(2100)SdjyD; 4if;wdkYudk lectionaries [kac:onf/
aypmjzifha&;onfh"ropfusrf;tpdwftydkif;rsm;
yg0iffaom*&dvufa&;usrf;(85)
cefYjywdkufrsm;odrf;qnf;xm;Sdonf/
4if;wdkYteuftcsdKUrSmat'D'kwd,&mpk&ufpGJyg
aomfvnf;trsm;pkwdkYrSmat'D(3)&mpkESifh(4)&mpktwGif;jzpfonf/
vufa&;usrf;rsm
wpfusrf;rS
"ropfusrf;tjynfhtpHkrygacs/
4if;wkdYrSm"ropfusrf;\tapmqHk;
rdwLrsm;jzpfjcif;aMumifhuGJjym;rIydkenf;&jcif;r[kwfacs/
4if;wdkYteuftrsm;tjym;
rSma'oEm&wpfcktwGif;oHk;&eftjrefula&;jcif;jzpfonf/
*kwpdkufvkyfMujcif;
r[kwfojzifh? uGJjym;jcm;em;rIrsm;pGmSdonf/
Codex Sinaiticus udka[jAJpvHk; N (aleph) odkYr[kwf (01) trSwftom;jyKonf/
odeawmifay:Sdaom St.Catherine bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif; Tischendorf qdkolawGU
477

4/
5/

6/
7/

8/

(c)

(*)

SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ at'D(4)&mpkumvjzpfum LXX \"ra[mif;usrf;ESifh *&d"ropf

usrf;ESpfckpvHk;yg0ifonf/ 4if;rsm;trsdK;tpm;tm;jzifh The AlexandrianText jzpf onf/
Codex Alexandrinus A odkYr[kwf (02) tjzpfodSdxm;um; tD*spfEdkifiH tvufZ`'m;jrdKU
awGYSdjyD;(5)&mpkumv*&dvufa&;usrf;jzpfonf/
Codex Vaticanus udk B odkYr[kwf (03) tjzpfodSdxm;um; a&mrjrdKUAmwDuef
pmMunfhwdkufawGUSdjcif;jzpfjyD;? at'D(4)&mpktv,fumva&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/ LXX
\"ra[mif;usrf;ESifh*&d"ropfusrf;ESpfrsdK;vHk;yg0ifonf/ 4if;rSm The Alexandrian
trsdK;tpm; jzpfonf/
Codex Ephraemi udk C odkYr[kwf(04) tjzpfodSdxm;Muum(5)&mpkumv*&d vuf
a&;usrf;jzpfjyD;?wpfpdwfwpfydkif;zsufqD;xm;onf/
Codex Bezae udk D odkYr[kwf (05) [kodSdxm;Muum? (5)odkYr[kwf (6)&mpk
umv*&dvufa&;usrf;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSm The Western Text [kac:aomusrf;\
t"duusrf;jzpfonf/ 4if;jznfhpGufrItrsm;tjym;um King James bmomjyefusrf;
\t"du *&dtajcjyKusrf;jzpfonf/
"ropfvufa&;usrf;rsm;udk tcsdKUaomxl;jcm;rIrsm;wlnDyHkudkvdkufumtkyfpk (3) ck
odkYr[kwf (4)ckcGJjcm;Edkifonf/
(u) tD*spfjynfrS Alexandrian rl&if;usrf;
(1) P75, P66 at'D(200)cefYc&pf0ifusrf;rsm;
(2) P46 at'D(225)cefYaygvk\usrf;rsm;
(3) P72 at'D(225-250)cefYaywkESifh,k'
(4) Codex B, Vaticanus [kac:um;at'D (325) cefY"ra[mif;?
"ropftm;vHk;yg0ifonf/
(5) Origen onftrsdK;tpm;udkudk;um;onf/
(6) trsdK;tpm;jzpfaomtjcm;vufa&;usrf;rsm;rSm Aleph, C, L, W, 33
wdkYjzpfonf/
ajrmuftmz&durS Western rl&if;usrf;
(1) ajrmuftmz&dutoif;awmfzcifMuD;rsm;jzpfonfh Tertulian, Cyprian ESifh Old
Latin bmomjyefusrf;rsm;udk;um;onf/
(2) Irenaeus uudk;um;onf/
(3) Tatian ESifh Old Syriac bmomjyefusrf;rsm;udk;um;onf/
(4) Codex D Bezae onftrsdK;tpm;udkvdkufonf/
Constantinople rS Eastern Byzantine rl&if;usrf;
(1) (5300) aomvufa&;usrf;rsm;\ (80%) trsdK;tpm;xif[yfay:vGif
onf/
(2) tEDtkwfjrdKUrStoif;awmfzcifMuD;rsm;jzpfonfh Cappadoceans, Chrysostom ESifh
Therodoret wdkYtudk;tum;jyKMuonf/
478

(C)

2/

(3) Codex A rSmc&pf0ifusrf;rsm;omjzpfonf/

(4) Codex E rSm(8)&mpk"ropfusrf;tjynfhtpHkjzpfonf/
pwkwajrmufjzpfEdkifacstrsdK;tpm;rSmygvufpwdkif;rS Caesarean trsdK;tpm;jzpfonf/
(1) rlvtm;jzifhrmukomvQifjzpfonf/
(2) P45 ESifhW wdkYvnf;jzpfonf/

rl&if;usrf;qdkif&mpDppfa0zefrIac:
oDtdk&Drsm;
u/

lower critism

qdkif&mjyomemrsm; ESifh

uGJjym;jcm;em;rIay:ayguf&jcif;
1/
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(u) wlaompum;vHk;rsm;aemufwpfckSdonfudk a&;ul;&m
ojzifh xdkpum;rsm;tMum;Sd pum;vHk;rsm;tm;vHk;

rjrifvdkuf&
usefcJhjcif;

(homoioteleuon)

(1)

pmvHk;xyf(0g)pum;pkxyfaeonfudkrjrifbJusef&pfjcif;
(haplography)

(2)

2/

pum;pkwpfck(0g)
pmwpfaMumif;aemufxyfygonfudkarh
oGm;jcif;(dittography)
(c) EIwfwdkufwdkifay;jcif;udka&;ul;&m
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vdkuf&jcif;/ (itacism)
taMumif;aMumifhpmvHk;aygif;trSm;rsm;ESifh
toHxGufwlaom*&dpum;vHk;rsm;pmvHk;aygif;rSm;,Gif;rIjzpfay:onf/
(*) tapmqHk;*&drl&if;usrf;rsm;tcef;MuD;? tcef;i,fcGJjcm;jcif;? pmt
jzwftawmufESifh pum;vHk;csif;cGJjcm;rIrSdcJhacs/ xdkYaMumifhpmvHk;
rsm;cGJ&mae&mrSm;,Gif;umuGJjym;jcm;em;aompum;vHk;rsm;jzpfay:apEdkif
onf/
&nf&G,fcsufjzifh
(u) ul;a&;aomusrf;\o'gyHkpHydkrdkyDjyifap&eftajymif;tvJvkyfjcif;
(c) tjcm;usrf;ydk'frsm;ESifh wajy;nDjzpfoGm;ap&eftajymif;tvJvkyfjcif;/
(harmonization of parallels)
(*) uGJjym;jcm;em;aomtrsdK;tpm;ESpfrsdK; odkYr[kwf ykdrsm;aomtrsdK;tpm;
rsm;ukd&Snfvsm;aomtrsdK;tpm;wpfcktjzpfaygif;pyfjcif; (conflation)
(C) vuf&Sdrl&if;pm jyem&Sdonf[kodjrifonfhtcsuftm; trSm;jyif
&eftajymif;tvJvkyfjcif; (1aum 11;27 ESifh 1a,m 5;7-8)
(i) orkdif;qdkif&mjzpfap?
ydkrkdqDavsmfaomteufjyefrItwGufjzpfap
rSwfcsuftcsdKUtm;ab;rSwfcsuftjzpfxm;onfudk aemufykdif; tjcm;

479

c/

usrf;ul;q&mwpfa,mufonf pm om;xJxnfhvkdufjcif;rsdK;/ (Oyrm

a,m 5;4)
rl&if;usrf;qdkif&m tuJjzwfpDppfjcif; (rl&if;usrf;uGJrsm;&Sdonfhtcga&G;cs,fqHk;jzwf&ef
wuaA'enf; usvrf;Tef)
(1) zwfI&mryDrjyifjzpfrItrsm;qHk;
odkYr[kwf
oHk;aeuso'genf;rjzpfqHk;aom
usrf;onfrl&if;jzpfEdkifonf/
(2) ykdwdkwkwfpGma&;xm;aomusrf;onfrl&if;jzpfEdkifonf/
(3) ydkrkda[mif;aomusrf;udktomay;onf/
taMumif;rSmordkif;aMumif;jzpfNyD;tjcm;
taMumif;t&mrsm;rSmrltm;vHk;nDwlwef;wljzpfonf/
(4) a'ouJGjym;aomvufa&;usrf;rsm;onfrl&if;jzpfavh&Sdonf/
(5) t"duusaom"roabmw&m;qdkif&m
aqG;aEG;rIjzpfay:&mumvwpfcktwGif;
oHk;yg;wpfqltm; 1a,m 5;7-8 rSmenf;wlvufa&;usrf;rsm;tajymif;tvJ
jyKjcif;rsm;ESifhqkdifMo0g'qkdif&mwGifydkrdktm;enf;aom usrf;rsm;rSm ydkrdkESpfouf
p&maumif;onf/
(6) tjcm;rluJGrsm;\rlvtpudktaumif;qHk;&Sif;vif;csufay;Ekdifaomusrf;/
(7) 'kuay;aomrluGJrsm;\o[ZmwjzpfrItm;ulnDaomudk;um;rIESpfckrSm
(u)
J.Harold Greenlee a&;om;jyKpkaom Introduction to New Testament
Textual Criticism

(c)

]]tjiif;yGg;bG,f&mvufa&;rl&if;usrf;ay:
rnfonfhc&pf,mefMo0g'
rSrlwnfjcif;r&Sdacs/
"ropfusrf;avhvmolrsm;onfrdrda&G;cs,faom
(0g)
ESpfoufaomvufa&;usrf;onf0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;xm;onfh
yxrrl&if;usrf;xufMo0g'tm;jzifhydkrdktm;aumif;apvdkaomqEr&Sdoifh
acs/}}(pm 68)
W.A.Criswell onf The Birmingham News ac:owif;pm\ Greg
tm;ormusrf;pmxJ&Sd pum;vHk;wdkif;0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;
Garrison
Criswellu
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jcif;jzpfonf[kolr,HkMunfaMumif;ajymjy&m
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[kwfygbl;/
rl&if;usrf;qkdif&mtuJjzwfpDppfrI
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wpf0uf[mrdpm0g'jzpfw,fvdkYuRefawmfxifx,f/
0dnmOfawmfrIwf
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rmukusrf;&JU
ed*Hk;csKyfrSmygonfht&mawGrsdK;tjcm;rnfonfhvufa&;usrf;awGrSmrSrawGU
&ygbl;/ 'gudk wpfa,mufa,mufjznfhpGufvkdufwmyg...}}
SBC
\*dkPf;csKyfjzpfoltrSm;uif;pifa&;orm;BuD;onf
vnf;aAaoo'a&uefrSma,ItaMumif;
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5
480

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rl&if;usrf;qkdif&mtuJjzwfpD&ifrI[mtHhMobG,f&m
odyH
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vufa&;usrf;rsm;qdkif&mjyem (rl&if;usrf;qkdif&mpDppftuJjzwfjcif;)
(u) aemufxyfzwfI&eftBuHjyKaompmtkyfrsm;
(1) Biblical Criticism: Historical, Literary and Textual by R.H.Harrison
(2) The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration by
(3)

Bruce M. Metzger
Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism by J.H Greenlee

481

aemufqufwGJ oHk;
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tjrifwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/
tajccHtm;jzifha,Ionfu@tm;vHk;
yHkrSefomrefvlom;yifjzpfum
ola&ESpfr*FvmcH,lcsdef(rJ 3;17/ rmuk 1;11) odkYr[kwfjyef&Sifxajrmufcsdef (a&mr 1;4)
bk&m;ocif
onfolYtm;txl;t"dyg,fwpfrsdK;jzifhom;awmft&mcsD;ajrmufonf[laomtqkdjzpf\/
a,IonfpH
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(a&ESpfr*FvmcHcsdefjyef&Sifxajrmufcsdef)
bk&m;ocifonf olYudkrdrd ]]om;awmf}} tjzpfcsD;ajrmufonf/ (a&mr 1;4/ zd 2;9)/
4if;rSmueOD;toif;awmfumvESifh&Spf&mpkwdkYvlenf;pkwdkY\tjrifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;
wpfa,mufjzpfvmonfhtpm; (vl0ifpm;awmfrljcif;) tjrifonf4if;udkajymif;jyefvSefum vludk
bk&m;jzpfvmaponf/
om;awmfbk&m;jzpfol a&S;rqGuyifwnf&SdvmcJholbk&m;jzpfaoma,IonfpHwifavmuf atmif
touf&SifcJhjcif;aMumifh csD;ajrmufcH&onfqdkjcif;rSmrnfodkYjzpfEkdifaMumif;EIwfjzifhajym&efcufcJ onf/
olonfbk&m;
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bk&m;bkef;wefcdk;awmfjzifha&S;rqGu
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uRefawmfwkdYem;vnf&efcufcJ
onfrSefaomfvnf;
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Adoptionism

Alexandrian School ]]tvuf Z jE m ;ausmif ; awmf } }/

4if;rSmormusrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;enf;wpfrsdK; jzpfum
at'D'kwd,&mpkacwftwGif;tD*spfEkdifiHtvufZjEm;NrdKUjzpfay:onf/
*&dawG;ac:&Sifyvmwdk
\
wynfhausmfjzpfcJhol
zdvkd\ajccHteufjyefjcif;enf;udkoHk;onf/
4if;udkyHkyrmjyKwifpm;jcif;
enf;vrf;(allegorical)[kac:onf/ 4if;onftoif;awmfudkjyefvnfjyKjyifa&; (Reformation) acwf
umvwdkifatmifvTrf;rdk;cJhonf/ 4if;udkt"duaxmufcHMoZm&Sdolrsm;rSm Origen ESifh Augustine
wdkYjzpfonf/ Moises Silva a&;om;aom Has The Church Misread The Bible? (Academic
1987)Munfhyg/
tD*spfEdkifiHtvufZjEm;NrdKUrSig;&mpkumv*&dvufa&;usrf;jzpfonf/ "ra[mif;usrf;?
Apocrypha
(umodkvpftoif;awmfoHk;aomusrf;ig;usrf;)
ESifh"ropfusrf;trsm;pkyg0ifonf/
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usrf;rsm;\tcsdKUtpdwftydkif;rsm;rSty) ]] A }}tjzpfemrnfwyfaom(Vaticanus)ESpfrsdK;vHk;ESifhwlnD
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Alexandrinus

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um;vmaomormusrf;pmteufjyefjcif;enf;wpfenf;jzpfonf/
4if;enf;udktvufZjEm;NrdKUom;zDvkd
(Philo)onfvlodrsm;xifay:ausmfMum;aponf/ 4if;\t"dutcsufrSm ormusrf;pm\ordkif;aemuf
cHESifhusrf;pum;tquftpyftaMumif;t&moabmudkvpfvsLIum
ormusrf;pmtm;,Ofaus;rI"avh
Allegory

482

xHk;pH(0g)awG;ac:ajrmfjrifrIoabmw&m;wpf&yfESifhtH0if*Gifusjzpfapvkdjcif;jzpfonf/
4if;onform
usrf;pmusrf;csufwkdif;\aemufuG,f
zHk;uG,faeaom(0g)0dnmOfa&;&mt"dyg,f&Sdonf[kqdkum4if;
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vnf;aumif;
ormusrf;w&m;tm;azmfjy&efyHkOyrmjyKumwifpm;azmfjyrIoHk;aMumif;rSmrSefygonf/
rnfodkYjzpfap 4if;wkdYrSmtrsdK;tpm;jcif; EIdif;,SOfjyjcif;jzpfumyHkyrmjyKjcif;pifppfr[kwfacs/
]]cJGjcrf;pdwfjzmrIjyKaoma[NAJ? *&dtbd'gef}}4if;rSm"ropfusrf;p&Sd*&dpum;vHk;
wkdif;od&Sdap&efavhvmrIwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/
4if;*&dtu&mtpOfvdkufyHkpHESifhtajccHt"dyg,f&Sif;vif;
jcif;rsm;yg0ifonf/ pmvHk;csif;,SOfbmomjyefaom(interlinear translation)usrf;wpfusrf;ESifhwGJ
oHk;ygu*&dbmomruRrf;usifaom,HkMunfaompmIolrsm;tm;*&d"ropfusrf;udko'genf;usESifh0guszJGUp
nf;yHkrsm;jzifhcJGjcrf;pdwfjzmavhvmEkdif&eftaxmuftuljyKonf/
Analytical Lexicon

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wiful;t
wnfjyKjcif;onf ormusrf;pmtm;teufzGifh&m tvm;qifwlaomusrf;NydKifrsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;\
tajccHrljzpfonf/
Analogy of Scripture

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t"dyg,f
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raocsm? ra&&mrIudkac:qkdonf/ a,m[efonfroJruGJjzpfrIudkwrifwumoHk;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
Ambiguity

]]vlom;uJhodkYazmfjyajymqdkjcif;}}
4if;rSmbk&m;ociftaMumif;uRefawmfwkdY\
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qdkvkdonfrSmbk&m;ocifudk vlom;jzpfae[efrsdK;jzifhajymqdkazmfjyrIjzpfonf/ bk&m;ociftm;vlom;ESifh
qkdifaomcEmudk,f? vlrIa&;ESifhpdwfydkif;qkdif&ma0g[m&rsm;jzifh oHk;EIef;azmfjyjcif;jzpf onf/ (urm 3;8/
3"r
22;19-23)/
4if;rSmtrSeftm;jzifhqifwlrIjzifhEIdif;,SOfazmfjyrIrQomjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocif
taMumif;ajym&ef toHk;jyKbdkYvlom;rStytjcm;a0g[m&(0g)trsdK;tpm;r&Sdao;aMumif; jzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifhbk&m;ocifudkuRefawmfwkdYodonfrSmrSefaomfvnf;tuefYtowfESifhjzpfonf/
Anthropomorphic

]]tEDtkwfausmif;awmf}}4if;rSm qD;&D;,m;EdkifiHtEDtkwfNrdKUat'DoHk;&mpktwGif;
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4if;rSmtD*spfEkdifiHtvufZjEm;NrdKU
\yHkyrmjyKaomwifpm;jcif;enf;udkwHkYjyefrIjzpfonf/
4if;enf;\t"dutcsufrSmormusrf;pm\
orkdif;0ift"dyg,fudktmHkjyKjcif;jzpfonf/
4if;enf;onformusrf;pmudkyHkrSefvlom;pmayrsm;enf;wl
teufjyefonf/ ausmif;awmfonfc&pfawmfobm0ESpfrsdK;( Nestorianism )&SdonfodkYr[kwfobm
0wpfrsdK;&Sdonf (bk&m;tjynfht0ESifhvlom;tjynfht0) [laomtjiif;yGg;rIyg0ifygwfoufonf/
4if;udka&mrumodkvpftoif;awmfonfvTJrSm;aomt,l0g'tjzpfowfrSwfum
yg&Sm;(tD&ef)odkYa&TUypf

Antiochinn School

483

vkdufaomfvnf;ausmif;awmftwGif;rlt"dyg,fxl;jcm;rIr&Sdacs/
4if;rSmaemufykdif;wGiftqifhjrifhydk
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onf/(rmwifvlomESifh uJvfAif)
Antithetical 4if;a[NAJuAsmtvuFmrsm;\pmaMumif;rsm;tMum;qyfpyfay;&eftoHk;jyKaoma0g[m&

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t"dyg,fvQdKU0SufzHk;uG,fxm;aom
ta&;tom;rsdK;jzpfonf/
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wnf&Sdaoma&G;EIwfjcif;jyKol
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xdkpm
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(1)"ra[mif;usrf;a,Zausv(tcef;BuD;
36-48)?
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ESifhAsm'dwfusrf;wkdYjzpfonf/
Apologist (Apologetics)4if;a0g[m&*&dpum;]]w&m;Oya't&avQmufvJumuG,fjcif;}} [laompum;
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Apocalyptic Literature

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Apriori

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yGg;rIrSmESpfaygif;rsm;pGm&SdaecJhonf/ 4if; tm&D,m;eDpf0g'onf ta&SUydkif;toif;awmf\w&m;0if,Hk
MunfrIjzpfvmonf/ at'D 325 wGif Nicea aumifpDonfolYudkjypfwifIHUcsvsufom;awmfonftjynfh
t0wef;wlnDjcif;ESifh bk&m;jzpfjcif;tm;twnfjyKcJhonf/
Arianism

olonfa&S;acwf*&dawG;ac:&SifBuD;wpfOD;jzpfum
yvmwdk\wynfhESifhr[mtvufZjEm;
bk&ifBuD;\q&mjzpfonf/
olonf,aeYwkdifacwfynmoifMum;a&;\u@rsm;pGmvTrf;rdk;aeqJjzpf

Aristotle

484

onf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomfavhvmrIESifhcJGjcrf;pdwfjzmrItm;jzifh&aomtodynmudktav;teufjyK
aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmodyHenf;usenf;pepf\oabmw&m;wpf&yfjzpfonf/
4if;rSmormusrf;pm\rl&if;a&;om;rIrsm;twGufay;aomemrnfjzpfonf/ vufjzifha&;
aomrl&if;pmrsm;tm;vHk;ysufpD;paysmufuG,fcJhMuNyDjzpfonf/ tqifhqifhul;,laomrdwLyGg;rsm;om
usef&pfonf/
4if;rSma[NAJESifh*&dvufa&;usrf;trsdK;rsdK;ESifha&S;a[mif;bmomjyefusrf;rsm;\rlv&if;
jrpfjzpfonf/
Autographs

4if;rSmat'Dajcmuf&mpkumv*&dESifhvufwifvufa&;usrf;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ 4if;udk ]] D }}[k

rSwfom;onf/ 4if;c&pfawmfusrf;rsm;? wrefawmf0wKESifhtcsdKUaomtaxGaxGMo0g'pmrsm;yg0if onf/
usrf;ul;q&mrsm;\jznfhpGufcsuftawmfrsm;rsm;jzifhxl;jcm;rI&Sdonf/ 4if;rSm King James Version
aemufuG,fut"du*&dvufa&;usrf;jzpfaom ]] Textus Receptus }} \tajccHjzpfonf/
Bezae

4if;rSmtaMumif;t&modkYr[kwf tjrifwpfrsdK;tm;wiful;jyif;xefpGmESpfoufrItm;azmfjy&efoHk;
aoma0g[m&jzpfonf/ txl;oD;oefYtaMumif;t&m odkYr[kwf IjrifyHkwpf&yftm;rdrdqE\ iJhuGufrI
uif;&Sif;pGmrIjrifEkdifaom pdwfaeoabmudkajymjcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSmrsufESmvkdufaomtaetxm;
wpfrsdKjzpfonf/

Bias

]]ormusrf;pm\tcGifhtmPm}}a0g[m&udkt"dyg,ftxl;wvnftwGufoHk;
onf/ rl&if;pma&;olonfrdrdacwfumvajymaomt&mudkem;vnfum xkdormw&m;udkuRefawmfwkdY
acwftoHk;jyKjcif;tjzpft"dyg,f&Sif;vif;rIay;Muonf/ uRefawmfwdkY\wpfckwnf;aomtcGifhtmPm
ydkifvrf;jytjzpformusrf;pmtm;Ijrifjcif;udkormusrf;pm\tcGifhtmPm[kt"dyg,f&Sif;vif;csufay;
Muonf/ rnfodkYjzpfapvuf&Sdumv? rqDavsmfaomteufjyefrIrsm;udktaMumif;jyKum uREkfyfonf
ordkif;aMumif;ESifho'genf;usbmomjyefjcif;enf;rSmenf;wl
ormusrf;pm\tcGifhtmPmudkuefYowf
xm;ygonf/
Biblical

Authority

a0g[m&udk0dnmOfawmftm;jzifhtwktEIdif;uif;aomrIwfoGif;a&;om;onfhtrsm;tm;azmfjy
&efoHk;onf/ 4if;rSm"ropfusrf;ESpfckpvHk;udkajymjcif;jzpfonf/
Canon

a0g[m&udka,I\ A[dkcsufrjzpfjcif;tm;ajym&efoHk;onf/ a,IrSmormusrf;pm

wpftkyfvHk;\ocifjzpfonf[laom oabmjzifhuREkfyfoHk;ygonf/ "ra[mif;usrf;onfolYudkTefjy um
olonf4if;\jynfhpHkjcif;ESifhyef;wdkifjzpfonf/ (rJ 5;17-48)
Christocentric

txl;oD;oefYokawoejyKpmtkyftrsdK;tpm;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ 4if;onformusrf;pmxJ
usrf;wpfusrf;\a,bk,saemufcHordkif;udkazmfjyonf/
xdkYjyifusrf;wpfusrf;\tykkdif;wpfykdif;\
t"dyg,fudk&Sif;jy&eftm;xkwfonf/ tcsdKUaomusrf;jyKolrsm;onf vufawGUtoHk;csjcif;ukdtmHkpdkuf
umtcsdKUwkdYurlusrf;udkenf;ynmususavhvmrIudkydk*kjyKmMuonf/
pmtkyfrsm;rSmtaxmuft
uljyKaomfvnf; rdrdudk,fwkdifavhvmrIjyKNyD;om4if;usrf;wdkYudkavhvmoifhonf/ teufzGifhusrf;a&;
Commentary

485

ol\teufzGifhrIwdkYudkqef;ppfjcif;rjyKbJrnfonfhtcgrQrvufcH&acs/
uGJjym;jcm;em;aom"roabm
w&m;Iaxmifhrsm;rSteufzGifhusrf;tawmfrsm;rsm;udk
EIdif;,SOfavhvmjcif;onftaxmuftuljzpfap
avh&Sd\/
ormusrf;pmavhhvmrItwGufokawoejyKjcif;qdkif&mvufpGJwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSm
pum;vHk;wdkif;"ra[mif;? "ropfusrf;rsm;awGU&aomae&mjypm&if;jzpfonf/ trsdK;rsdK;taxmuft
uljyKyHkrsm;rSm (1) t*Fvdyfpum;vHk;wpfvHk;wdkif;\ a[NAJ odkYr[kwf *&dpum;vHk;udkowfrSwfjcif; (2)
wlnDaoma[NAJ(0g)*&dpum;vHk;toHk;jyK&mtvm;wlusrf;ydk'frsm;EIdif;,SOfazmfjyjcif;
(3)
rwlaom
a[NAJ(0g)*&dpum;ESpfvHk;tm;t*Fvdyfpum;vHk;wpfvHk;wnf;jzifh bmomjyefonfhae&mudkjyojcif; (4)
pum;vHk;wpfvHk;tm;usrf;wpfusrf;jzpfap?
rl&if;pma&;olwpfOD;ujzpfap
tBudrfaygif;rnfrQoHk;
aMumif;azmfjyjcif; (5) usrf;csuf^ydk'fwpfcktm;ormusrf;pmxJ&SmazGawGU&SdEkdif&efulnDjcif;wdkYjzpf onf/
(Walter Clarks How to Use New Testament Greek Study Aids, pp.54-55)

Concordance

]]yifv,fa ousrf;pmvdyfrsm;}} 4if;rSmyifv,faoteD;wGif 1947 ckESpf

awGU&Sdaoma[NAJESifhtm&rdpum;jzifha&;onfha&S;acwfpmwGJrsm;jzpfonf/ 4if;wkdYrSmyxr&mpkESpft
wGif;*sL;bmom*dkPf;\bmoma&;pmMunfhwkdufrsm;jzpfonf/ a&mrvlrsdK;wdkY\odrf;ydkufrIESifh rsdK;cspf
orm;rsm;tMum;at'D 60 jynfhESpfumvrsm;twGif;zdpD;rIrsm;aMumifhom;a&vdyfpmrsm;udk tvHkydwf
umwHqdyfcwf aomc&m;tdk;rsm;txJausmuf*lrsm; (0g) wGif;aygufrsm;twGif; 0Sufxm;Mujcif;
jzpfonf/ 4if;wkdYonf yxr&mpk ygvufpwkdif;\orkdif;aMumif;udkem;vnfoabmaygufapum
Masoretic Text ("ra[mif;a[NAJusrf;) onftapmydkif;bD?pDESpfumvrsm;wkdifatmif tvGefwdusrSef
uefaMumif;twnfjyKonf/ 4if;wkdYudk ]] DSS }} [ktwdkaumufemrnfowfrSwfonf/Deductive
wwaA'enf; odkYr[kwf usdK;aMumif;qifjcifrIenf;wpfrsdK;jzpfum? a,bk,soabm ed,rrsm;rS
twdtusvufawGUususqifjcifoHk;oyfrIjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmwwaA'enf;usqifjcif;rI ESifh qefUusif
bufjzpfonf/ txl;jyKavhvmrIrSonf taxGaxGed*Hk;csKyf (oDtdk&D) rsm;xkwfazmfjcif; jzpfonf/
Dead

Sea

Scrolls

4if;rSmwif;rmrIwpfcktwGif;
qefYusifae[ef&Sdaom
(paradoxical)
taMumif;t&m
rsm;\ESpfzufpvHk;yg0ifaom pkpnf;nDGwfonfhtajzud&k mS azGpOf;pm;qifjcifaomenf;jzpfonf/ orm
usrf;pm\ormw&m;trsm;tjym;qefYusifae[eftwGrJ sm;pGm&So
d nf/
BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;vGwv
f yfaomqE? vHNk cHKjcif;-pGNJ rJjcif;? ,HMk unfjcif;-vkyfaqmifjcif;? qH;k jzwfcsuf-wjynfah wmf jzpfjcif;?
c&pf,mefvGwfvyfrI-c&pf,mefwm0ef0w&m;--pojzifh/
Dialectical

4if;rSmuwdawmfjynf\
yx0De,fedrdwfjyifywGifaexdkifol
ygvufpwdik ;f a'oae *sL;rsm;toHk;jyKaom *&da0g[m&jzpfonf/

Diaspora

tjcm;*sL;rsm;udkazmfjy&ef

]]tjynfht0udkufnDjcif;}} 4if;rSmormusrf;pm bmomjyefjcif;oDt&kd w

d pfckjzpfonf/
ormusrf;pm;bmomjyefjcif;[lonf rl&if;a[NAJpum;vH;k (0g) *&dpum;vH;k wpfv;kH tm; rdrd\pum;vH;k
wpfvHk;jzifhazmfjyvdkufjcif;rSonfrl&if;pum;vHk; oHk;EIef;yHkESifh pum;vHk;pkpnf;yHkwkdYudk ydkavsmhxGufum?

Dynamic

equivalent

486

4if;wkYd tm;jzifah zmfjyaomtawG;udo

k mvQif bmomjyefjcif;odYk tqifv
h u
kd af jymif;vJjcif;jzpfonf[q
k Ekd ikd f
onf/ oDt&kd ED pS cf Mk um; ]]tjynft
h 0udu
k n
f jD cif;}} (dyramic eqvivalent )url rl&if;pmudktav;teuf
jyif&eftm;xkwfaomfvnf; acwfopfo'genf;ESifh toHk;tEIef;rsm;jzifh bmomjyefonf/ bmomjyefjcif;qkid f
&m oDtdk&DtrsdK;rsdK;wkdYtaMumif;tvGefaumif;aom aqG;aEG;rIwpfckrSm Fee ESifh Stuart wkYd a&;om;aomHow to
Read the Bible for All Its Worth, p-35 ESifh Robert Bratcher \TEV ed'gef;pum;jzpfonf/
a0g[m&udk rl&if;usrf;qdik &f m pDpftuJjzwfrEI iS hf qkid
f oH;k onf/ rl&if;vufa&;usrf;rsm;ESihf
eD;pyfaom rl&if;usrf;wpfckowfrSwfEdkif&ef rluGJ*&drl&if;usrf;rsm;tm;a&G;cs,fjcif;udk &nfGef;onf/ 4if;
onf*&drl&if;tkyfpkwpfckcktm;rl&if;tjzpftwif;rSwf,ljcif;udkjiif;y,fonf/
Eclectic -

4if;rSm exegesis ESihf qefusib

f ufjzpfonf/ Exegesis onfrlvpma&;ol\ BuH&G,fcsufudk
k tawG;udk ]]xnfo
h iG ;f }} jcif;tm;qdv
k o
kd nf/
]]azmfxw
k o
f nf}} qdv
k Qif? Eisegesis onfbmomjcm;wpfc\
Eisegesis -

]]pum;vHk;rsm;\ rlvZpfjrpfudkavhvmaomynm}} 4if;rSmpum;vHk;rsm;tm;avhvmrI\ u@

wpfckjznfNyD;pum;vHk;wpfvHk;\ rlvteuft"dyg,fudktwnfjyKajymEdkif&ef tm;xkwfrIjzpfonf/ rl&if;
t"dyg,fudktajccHjcif;jzifh txl;wvnfoHk;EIef;yHkwkdYudk ydkvG,fulpGmcGJjcm;od&SdEdkifonf/ teufjyef&m
pum;vHk;\ZpfjrpfrSm t"dutmHkpdkuf&mr[kwfbJ a&;om;aomumvESifh acwfNydKif t"dyg,fESifh oHk;EIef;yHk
rsm;rSmt"dutmHkjyK&mjzpfonf/
Etymology

usrf;ydk'fwpfydk'ftm;teufjyefjcif;vkyfief;qkdif&ma0g[m&jzpfonf/ t"dyg,frSm ]]azmfxkwfonf}}

[kt"dyg ,f&um? rl&if;pma&;ol\&nf&,
G cf sut
f m; ordik ;f aMumif;pmtquftpyf? 0guswnfaqmufyEkH iS hf
pum;vHk;\acwfNydKif(a&;om;csdef) t"dyg,frsm;tm;jzifh em;vnf&eftm;xkwfjcif;jzpfonf/
Exegesis

4if;rSmjyifopfpum;vHk;jzpfNyD; uGJjym;jcm;em;aom pmaytrsdK;tpm;sm;udk jyonf/ 4if;rSmpmay

ta&;tom;rsm;tm;wlnDaom vuPmrsm;tvdkufpmaytrsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;jcif;jzpfonf/ xkdodkYcGJjcm;&m
ordik ;f qdik &f m ta&;tom;? uAsm? tvuFm? okwpH um;rsm;? tem*wfjzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;? Ynwfcsuf?
Oya'qdkif&mponfhwdkYjzpf\/

Genre -

]]aemhpwpft,l0g'}} rdrdwYdk od&orQrSm vGrJ mS ;aom t,l0g'onf 'kw,

d &mpkEpS u
f mv
aemhpwpfpmayrsm;rS qif;oufvmjcif;jzpfonf/ odkYaomftpjyKpdwu
f ;l rsm;rSm yxr&mpk (ESirhf wdik rf )D
umvrsm; &Scd NhJ yDjzpfonf/
'kwd,&mpkumv Valentian ESifh Cerinthian Gnosticism t,l0g'rsm;taMumif;tcsdKUu odkYazmf
jycJhMuonf/ (1) kyf0wKESifh emrf0dnmOfwdkYrSm wnf&Sdazmfwnf&Sdzufrsm;jzpfonf/ kyf0wKonf qdk;oGrf;
emrf0dnmOfrSmaumif;jrwfonf/ emrf0n
d mOfjzpfaombk&m;onf yHyk ef;oPmefESijhf zpfaomqd;k oGrf;onfh
kyf0wK wdu
k f u
kd yf g0ifygwfoufjcif;rjyKEdik af cs/ (2) bk&m;ESifh 0wKypnf;Mum;qif;oufolrsm; (eons
odkYr[kwf aumif;uifwrefe,fy,ftqifh)/ tedrfhqHk; (0g) aemufydwfqHk;rSmpBuFm0|m (Kosmos)udk
zefqif;aom"ra[mif;usrf;xJazmfjyonfh
YHWH
jzpfonf/
(3)
a,Ionf
YHWH
Gnosticism

487

uJo
h Ykdqif;oufow
l pfyg;jzpfaomfvnf; tcsKd ;tqtm;jzifh YHWH xufy
kd jrifu
h m? ppfreS af ombk&m;
xufy
kd eD;uyfonf/ tcsKd UwdYk onf olUudt
k jrifq;kH tjzpfxm;aomfvnf; bk&m;xufyakd vsmhenf;NyD;?
vl0ifpm;ol bk&m;r[kwfacs[kqdkMuonf/ (a,m[ef 1;14) kyf0wK[lonfq;kd oGrf;ojzifah ,Ionfvl
om;uk,
d cf Em&So
d nfqv
kd Qif bk&m;rjzpfEikd af cs/ olonf0dnmOf\wapjzpfonf/ (1a,m1;1-3/ 4;1-6)/ (4)
u,fwifjcif;udk a,Itm;,HMk unfjcif;ESihf txl;l oD;oefY vlyk*Kd vfrsm;uomvQifoad omtodynmESihf
aygif;pyfjcif;tm;jzifh&&Sdonf/ aumif;uifbHkt&yfrsm;udkjzwfoef;oGm;Edkif&eftodynm(pum;0Suf) vkdtyf
onf/ bk&m;xHawmfa&mufEdkif&ef *sL;bmoma&;ynwfw&m;vnf;vkdtyfonf/
aemhpwpfrdpm'dXdq&mrsm;onf qefYusifbufu,
kd u
f siw
hf &m;pHepfEpS rf sKd ;axmufcMH uonf/ (1)
vltcsKd UtwGufu,fwifjcif;&&eftouf&Sifjcif;yHpk v
H ;kH 0rvdt
k yfacs/
olwYkd twGuu
f ,fwifjcif;ESi0hf n
d mOf
vljzpfjcif;wdkYudk aumif;uifwrefqkdif&me,fy,f (eons) rSwqifh&aomtodynm (pum;0Suf) xJxkyfydk;
xnfhoGif;ay;onf/ odkYr[kwf (2) tjcm;olrsm;twGufrltouf&Sifjcif;yHkpHrSm u,fwifjcif;twGuftqHk;
tjzwfay;aomt&mjzpfonf/ olwdkYonfppfrSefaom 0dnmOfvljzpfjcif;\taxmuftxm;tjzpftajccHESpf
odrrhf rI sm;rcH,lb?J tvGeEf rdS chf s;kd pif;pGm touf&Sifjcif;yHpk u
H t
kd av;teufxm;Muonf/
teufzGifhjcif;udk vrf;Tefaom ed,rrsm;twGufoHk;aom a0g[m&jzpfonf/ 4if;wdusaom
vrf;TefrIrsm;ESifh uRrf;usifrI (qkvufaqmif - gift) ESpfrsdK;vHk;yg0ifonf/ ormusrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;
trsKd ;tpm;ESprf sdK;yg0ifonf/ a,bk,sed,rrsm;ESihf txl;ed,rrsm;[ljzpfonf/ 4if;onformusrf;pm
awGU&aompmaytrsdK;tpm;rsm;ESifh qdkifonf/ pmaytrsKd;tpm; (genre )wpfckpD ud,
k yf ikd o
f yfoyfvrf;
GefrIrsm;&Sdaomfvnf; wlnDaomt,ltqrsm;ESifh teufjyefjcif;vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;vnf;&Sdonf/
Hermeneutous

4if;rSmordkif;aMumif;qdkif&mESifh usrf;wpfusrf;\pmayzGJUpnf;yHkudk tmHkpkdufum?

ormusrf;pmtm;bmomjyefjcif;enf;jzpfonf/

Higher

Criticism

pum;vH;k wpfv;kH csif;\ t"dyg ,ftm;jzifrh [kwf? pum;vH;k csif;qufpyfrI\yHrk eS f t"dyg,ftm;jzifh

vnf;r[kwb
f J rl&if;rdcifbmompum;ajymolrsm;oH;k EIef;yHu
k v
kd u
dk
f t"dyg,f&adS om pum;vH;k wGrJ sm;jzpf
onf/ Oyrmt*FvdyftD'D,H to do with \t"dyg,frSmESifhqdkifonf/ (concerned, related) jcif;rsdK; jzpfonf/

Idiom

bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;pum;ajymjcif;twGuf ay;aomemrnfjzpfonf/ a0g[m&oHk;ck

jzifhazmfjyonf/ (1) zGifhjyawmfrljcif;-bk&m;ocifonf vlYordkif;xJvkyfaqmifawmfrlcJhonf/ (2) rIwfoGif;
awmfrljcif; - bk&m;ocifonf rdrdvkyfaqmifrrI sm;ESihf 4if;wkYd \rSeu
f efaom t"dyg,fziG q
hf jkd cif;udak y;um?
4if;tm;vlom;rsm;twGuf rSww
f rf;wif&vltcsdKUa&G;cs,fonf/ (3) &Sif;vif;jyojcif; - bk&m;ocifonf
rdrdudk,frdrd zGifhjyawmfrljcif;tm;vlom;rsm;em;vnfoabmaygufap&ef ulnjD cif;wkYd rdr\
d 0dnmOfawmfukd
ay;xm;onf/
Illumination

4if;rSmoD;oefYoabmrSwpfckvHk;NcHKiHkjcif;oabmodkYajymif;oGm;aom wwaA'enf; (0g) qifjcif

awG;ac:jcif;enf;pHepfjzpfonf/ acwfopfodyHynm\ vufawGUprf;oyfaomenf;pepfjzpfonf/ rlvtm;
jzift
h &pww
kd ,f\csOf;uyfenf;jzpfonf/

Inductive

488

ormusrf;udka&om;&m bmompum;rsm;rwwfajrmufolwYdk ormusrf;pm\ t"dyg ,fESihf

wnfaqmufyHkrsm;pDppfavhvmEdkif&ef
ulnDay;aomud&d,mwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/
ormusrf;pmrl&if;
bmompmvHk;wpfvHk;csif;\atmuf
t*Fvdyfpum;vHk;wpfvHk;csif;xm;&Sdonf/
uJhodkYaom
usrf;wpfusrf;tm; ]]pDppf avhvmaomtbd"gef}} (a[NAJ? *&d) ESihf wGzJ ufygua[NAJEiS hf *&d
yHkpHtajccHt"dyg,f&Sif;vif;csufrsm;&&Sd vdrfhrnf/
Interlinear

bk&m;ocifonf rdrdzGifhjyawmfrljcif;tm;rSefuefpGmESifh &Sif;vif;pGmrSwfwrf;wif&ef ormusrf;pm

a&;om;olrsm;udk vrf;jyvsuf? vlom;rsm;tm;pum;ajymcJjh cif;tm;azmfjy&efo;kH onf/ ,HMk unfru
I kd
a0g[m&oHk;ckjzifhazmfjyonf/ (1) zGifhjyawmfrljcif; - bk&m;ocifonfvUl ordik ;f xJvyk faqmifawmfrcl o
hJ nf/
(2) rIwfoGif;awmfrljcif; - bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ESifh 4if;wkdY\ rSefuefaom
t"dyg,fziG q
hf jkd cif;udak y;um? 4if;tm;vlom;rsm;twGufrSwfwrf;&ef vltcsKd U wkYd tm;a&G;cs,fco
hJ nf/ (3)
&Sif;vif;jyojcif; - bk&m;ocifonf rdrdukd,frdrdziG jhf yawmfrjl cif;tm; vlom;rsm;em;vnfoabmaygufap&ef
ulnaD y;bdYk rdrd\0dnmOfawmfuakd y;xm;onf/

Inspiration

&Sif;vif;azmfjyaombmompum;/ 4if;rSm "ra[mif;usrf;a&;om;&m oHk;aom

tD'D,Hrsm; (pum;vH;k wGrJ sm;) ESihf qufpyfoH;k onf/ 4if;onftmHkig;yg;tm;jzifh od&aompum;vHk;rsm;
jzifhuRefawmfwdkY\ urmtaMumif;ajymjyonf/ 4if;rSmodyHenf;us&Sif;vif;azmfjyrI r[kwfonfenf;wl
xdo
k Ykd aomt"dyg ,fvnf;r&Sad cs/
Language of description

]]enf;Oya'o0g'}} pdwfaeoabmxm;rSm pnf;urf;csurf sm; (0g) bmoma&;

qif,ifusif;yyHkrsm;ay:tvGeftuRHtav;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocif\vufcHrI&&Sd&ef
enf;vrf;
tjzpfenf;ya'rsm; twkid ;f vkyfaqmifjcif;udt
k m;ud;k tm;xm;jyKonf/ 4if;onfqufqaH &; udak vQmh
wGufumvkyfaqmifrIudk
ajrmufpm;onf/
oefY&Sif;aombk&m;ESihf
tjypfjynfah omvlom;rsm;Mum;
y#dnmOfw&m;tm;jzifh qufqHa&; xdkrsufESm ESpfrsdK;pvHk; nDwlnDrQta&;BuD;onf/

Legalism

(vHk;aphywfaph) rlvpmESifh ordkif;aMumif;udktajcjyKumteufziG jhf cif; enf;vrf;wpfrsdK;jzpfNyD;

tEDtkwfNrdKUrS pwifonf/ vlom;\bmompum;jzifha&;om;rI\yHkrSefESifh ay:vGifaomt"dyg,ftm;jzifh
teufjyefjcif;udq
k v
kd o
kd nf/ odYk waphyakH qmifaomwifpm;azmfjyrIrsm;yg&SdaMumif;vnf; todtrSwfjyK onf/

Literal

(pmaytrsdK;tpm;)vlom;csif;ajymqdkqufoG,frIyHkpHrsm;jzpfonfh uAsmtvuFm odkYr[kwf

ordkif;jzpfpOftm;a&;om;pDuHk;rIyHkpHrsm;udk Gef;onf/ pmaytu&mjzifh a&;om;rItm;vHk;\ a,bk,sed,r
rsm;tjyif? pmayyHkpHtrsdK;tpm;wdkif;4if;wkdY\ udk,fydkifteufzGifhrIudk,fpD&Sdonf/

Literary genra

(pmpk) 4if;onformusrf;pmxJ&Sd usrf;wpfusrf;\t"dutydkif;cGJrsm;udk Tef;onf/ 4if;

tcef;i,ftenf;tusOf; (0g) pmydk'frsm; (0g) tcef;BuD;tcsdKUyg0ifEdkifonf/ 4if;rSmt"duusaom
taMumif;t&mwpfcyk g0ifonfph mpkwpfpjk zpfonf/

Literary unit

Lower criticism ]]rl&if;usrf;qdkif&mtuJjzwfpDppfjcif;}} textual criticism Munfy

h g/
489

]]vufa&;usrf;rsm;}}*&d"ropfusf;\uGjJ ym;jcm;em;aom rdwL yGm;rsm;udak jymonf/ oH;k rsKd ;oH;k

pm;cGJjcm;avh&Sdonf/ (1) 4if;wkdYudka&;om;&mypnf;ay:rlwnf (ay&Guf? om;a&) odkYr[kwf (2)
a&;om;jcif;yHkpH (pmvHk;BuD;odkYr[kwf pmvHk;ao;^qGJa&;om;jcif;)/ MS (tenf;jyudef;)odkYr[kwf MSS
(trsm;jyudef;) jzifha&;om;azmfjyavh&Sdonf/
Manuscript

at? 'D udk;&mpkumva&;om;aom a[NAJ"ra[mif;usrf;udk Tef;onf/ 4if;udk*sL;usrf;

wwfynm&Sifrsm; rsKd ;qufESihf csu
D mxkwv
f yk jf yjcif;jzpfNyD/ toHxGufo&trSwftom;rsm;ESifh tjcm;trSwf
tom;rsm;yg&So
d nf/ 4if;rSm uREfyk w
f Ykd \t*Fvyd f"ra[mif;\ tajccHrl&if;pmjzpfonf/ a[NAJ MSS rsm;?
txl;ojzifyh ifv,fao usr;f pmvdyrf sm; Dead Sea Scrolls ac:txl;ojzifh a[&Sm,tem*wdusrf;onf
a[NAJ"ra[mif;usrf;udk twnfjyKonf/ 4if;udt
k wdak umuftm;jzifh MT[krSwfom;onf/
Masoretic Text -

4if;rSmpum;ajymjcif;trsdK;tpm;yHkpHwpfrsdK;jzpfum?
t&mwpfcktm;\trnf;tm;4if;ESifhqdkif
aomtjcm;t&mwpfckudk udk,fpm;jyK&eftoHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ Oyrm ]]a&aEG;tdk;qlaeNyD}} [kqkd&m ]]a&aEG;
td;k txJ&dS a&qlaeNyD}} [kqv
kd o
kd nf/
Metonymy

"ropfvufa&;usrf;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ a&mrjrdKUat'D(200)umvtwGif;a&;onf/
4if;ydkwufpwif"ropfusrf;(27)usrf;ygSdonff/
(4)&mpkumvtwGif;t"dutoif;awmfaumifpDMuD;
rsm;onf/
ormusrf;pmygusrf;rsm;twnfjyKjcif;rjyKrSDuyifa&mrtifyg,m\uGJjymjcm;em;aoma'oE&
toif;awmfrsm;onformusrf;pmygusr;f tm;twnfjyKjcif;jyKcJMJh ujyD;jzpfaMumif;jyoonf/

Muratorian Fragments

bk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjyawmfrIjcif;\trsdK;tpm;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ 4if;obm

0w&m; (a&mr 1;19-20) ESifh udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&maumif;qdk;cGJjcif;odwwfrI^ Mowypdwf (a&mr 2;1415) jzpfonf/ 4if;udk qmvH 19;1-6 ESifh a&mr 1-2 wkdYajymonf/ 4if;onf ormusrf;pmESifh
emZ&ufNrdKUom;a,Itm;jzihb
f &k m;ocifonf rdrdu,
kd rf rd t
d xl;wduspmG zGifjyh awmfrljcif;ESihf uGjJ ym;onf/
"roabmw&m;udk c&pf,mefodyHynm&Sifrsm;tMum; (Oyrm - Hugh Ross a&;aompmrsm;)
]]tdkrif;aomurm}} vIyf&Sm;rItzGJUonfjyefvnf; tav;teufjyKvmMuonf/ trsKd;tpm;oabmudkt
ajcjyKum? ormw&m;rSefvQif bk&m;ocif\ormw&m;csn;f yifjzpfonf[q
k Mkd uonf/ obm0onf
bk&m;ociftaMumif;od&efzGifhxm;aomwHcg;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSm txl;zGifhjyawmfrljcif; (ormusrf;pm)
ESifhuGJjym;onf/
4if;onfacwfopfodyHynmtm;obmm0\oabmw&m;udk
vGwfvyfpGmpl;prf;
&SmazGrIjyKaponf/ uREfkyf\oabmt& taemufwkdif;acwfopfodyHenf;usurmtm; oufaocH&ef4if;rSm
tvGefaumif;aomtcGifhta&;jzpfonf[k ,lqygonf/
Natural revelation

olonfig;&mpkumv uGefpwifwDEdky,f\ rsdK;ESpfacgif;aqmifBuD;jzpfonf/ olonf

qD;&D;,m;Edik if ?H tEt
D w
k Nf rdKUynmoifMum;cJ&h ma,Iobm0ESprf sdK;&SNd yD;? vlom;tjynft
h 0ESihf tjynft
h 0
bk&m;jzpfonf[k tcdkiftrmqkdonf/ 4if;rSm obm0wpfrsKd;[laom tvufZ`Em;NrdKU\ rddk;zvm;0g'ESifh
uGjJ ym;onf/ Nestorius \t"dupdk;&drf;ylyefrIrSm rm&dtm; tyfESif;onfh ]]bk&m\r,fawmf}}
[laombGJUawmfjzpfonf/
olYtm;rdrd\tEDtkwfausmif;awmf
xGwfjzpfjcif;
Nestorianism

490

udktaMumif;jyKumtvufZ`Em;NrdKUu
Cyril
onfqefYusifbufjyK\/
tEt
D w
k rf mS
ormusrf;
teufziG &hf mordik ;f aMumif;? o'genf;usESihf rl&if;pmudk tajcjyKjcif;\XgecsKyfjzpfaom? tvufZ`Em;rSmrI
OyrmjyKwifpm;aomteufzGifhjcif;\XmecsKyfjzpfonf/ aemufqHk; Nestorious udk&mxl;rS z,f&Sm;um
jynfESifh'Pfay;onf/
Original author (rl&if;pma&;ol)

4if;onf ormusrf;pmtm; vufawGUa&;om;olrsm;udkac:onf/

Papyri - tD*spfEdkifiHrS pma&;ud&d,mwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ jrpfurf;aygufaomusLyifwpfrsdK;rS vkyfjcif; jzpfNyD;
ay&GufuJhodkY oHk;onf/ uRefawmfwdkY\a&S;tusqHk; "ropfusr;f rsm;udk ay&Gupf mrsm; ay:a&;jcif;jzpf
onf/
(tvm;wlusrf;ydk'f? usrf;NydKifrsm;) ormusrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;bk&m;ocifay;jcif;
jzpfojzifh4if;udktaumif;qHk;teufzGihfay;olESifh
qefYusifae[ef&Sdaom ormw&m;tcsif;csif;tm;
o[ZmwjzpfapolrSm ormusrf;pmudk,fyifjzpfonf[laomcH,lcsufjzpfonf/ r&Sif;vif;? roJuGJ
aomusrf;ydk'fwpfydk'ftm;teufjyef&eftm;xkwf&m 4if;rSmtaxmuftuljzpfonf/ taMumif;t&m
wpfcktm;t&Sif;vif;qHk;azmfjyonfhusrf;ydk'fwpfck&SmazGawGY&Sd&efESifh
xdktaMumif;t&mukdormusrf;pm
\tjcm;ae&mrsm;tm;vHk;rnfodkYazmfjyaMumif;&SmazGawGY&SdEdkif&efvnf;ulnDonf/
Parallel passages

4if;rSmormusrf;pmbmomjyefjcif;\ oDtkd&DwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmbmomjyef

jcif;[lonfhrl&if;a[NAJpum;vHk; (0g) *&dpum;vHk;wpfvHk;tm;rdrdpum;vHk;wpfvHk;jzifhazmfjyvkdufjcif;
rSonfrl&if;pum;vHk;oHk;EIef;yHkESifhpum;vHk;pkpnf;yHkwdkYudkydkavQmhwGufum
4if;wdkdYtm;jzifhazmfjyaom
tawG;udkomvQifbmomjyefjcif;qDodkY tqifhvkdufajymif;vJjcif;jzpfonf[kqdkEdkifonf/ oDtkd&DESpf
ckMum;&Sdaom ]]tjynfht0udkufnDjcif;}} (dynamic equivalent)url rl&if;pmudktav;teufjyK&eftm;
xkwfaomfvnf;acwfopfo'genf;ESifh toHk;tEIef;rsm;jzifhbmomjyefonf/ bmomjyefjcif;oDtdk&Dt
rsdK;rsdK;wdkYtaMumif; tvGefaumif;aomaqG;aEG;rIwpfckrSm Fee ESifh Stuart wdkYa&;om;jyKpkaom]] How to
Read the Bible For All Its Worth, pp 35 jzpfonf/

Paraphrase

(pmydk'f)/ 4if;rSm pmpkwpfcktm; pum;ajyjzifh teufjyefjcif;\ tajccHjzpfonf/ 4if;

A[dkjyK&m tawG;wpfckESifh 4if;tm;qifhyGm;wdk;csJUjcif;[lyg&Sdonf/ t"dutcsufudkpGJudkifxm;ygu
tao;tzGJUrsm;udk t"duxm;rdjcif;odkYr[kwf? rl&if;pma&;ol\&nf&G,fcsuftm; vufvGwfoGm;jcif;
rsdK;&Sdrnf r[kwfawmhacs/
Paragraph

4if;a'oE&"roabmw&m;^xHk;wrf;"avhqdkif&m xJaomhcwfxm;aom? wpfzufapmif;

eif;usrIrsm;jzpfonf/ 4if;onf ormusrf;pm\ ormw&m; (0g) 4if;tm;vufawGUtoHk;csjcif;onf
vl\,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHudk ausmfvGefaMumif;todtrSwfrjyKacs/

Parochialism

(qefYusifaeoa,mifrSefaomt&mrsm;) wpfckESifh wpfckqefYusifjzpfum? wif;rmrI&Sdae

oa,mifjzpfaeaomfvnf; ESpfbufpvHk;trSefcsnf;omvQifjzpfaom ormw&m;rSm;udkqdkvdkonf/ 4if;
Paradox

491

wkdYudkormw&m;tm; qefYusifaom bufESpfzufqufwnfaqmufonf/ ormusrf;pm\ormw&m;

trsm;tjym;udk qefYusifaeoa,miftwGJrsm; (odkYr[kwfusdK;aMumif;jyazmfjyrIrsm;) jzifh wifqufxm;
onf/ ormusrf;pm ormw&m;rsm;onf oD;jcm;wnfaeaomMu,frsm;r[kwfbJ? Mu,frsm;tm;jzifh
yHkoPmefazmfaqmifaomMu,fpkrsm;jzpfonf/
(yvmwdk) a&S;acwf*&dvlrsdK;awG;ac:&SifwpfOD;jzpfonf/ ol\'eduaA'onf ueOD;toif;
awmftm; tD*spfEdkifiHtvufZ`Em;NrdKUu ynm&Sifrsm;rSwqifhESifh aemufydkif; Mo*wfpwif(Augustine)
rSwqifhtvGefvTrfrdk;cJhonf/ urmay:&Sdt&mcyfodrf;wkdYonf 0dnmOfa&;&mrlvyHkpHwpfck\ yHkwlESifh
4if;tm;xifa,mifxifrSm;jzpfrI rsm;omjzpfonf[kqdkonf/ aemufydkif;wGif "rynm&Sifrsm;onf
yvmwdkY\ ]yHkyef;oPmef^pdwfxl;tBuH}} wdkYudk 0dnmOfa&;&me,fy,fESifh wef;wlxm;Muonf/
Plato

taMumif;t&m? udp&yfwpfcktm;BudK od&Sdem;vnfrIjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwkdYonf

taMumif;udp&yfwpf&yftm; ormusrf;pm r&SmazGrD rdrdwkdY\xifjrifrIrsm;ESifh pD&ifqHk;jzwfrIrsm;azmf
aqmifavh&SdMuonf/ uJhodkYwiful;aompdwfoabmxm;udkiJhuGufrI (bias) odkYr[kwf wzufapmif;
eif;usrI? rSef;qrI? BudKem;vnfod&SdrI[kac:qdkMuonf/
Presupposition

(usrf;csufwpfcsufwnf;jzifh twnfjyKjcif;) usrf;csufwpfcsuf\ usrf;pum;

tquftpyf odkYr[kwf ydkrdkus,fjyefUaompmpktm; *krpdkufbJusrf;csufwpfcsufwnf;udk;um;
ormusrf;pmteufjyefjcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;onfusrf;csufrsm;udkrlvpma&;ol\&nf&G,fcsufrS vrf;vTJ
oGm;apumrdrd\t,ltqwpfcktm; ormusrf;pm\ tcGifhtmPmudkpGJudkifvsuftwnfjyKcsuf ,l&ef
tm;xkwfjcif;jzpfonf/
Prooftexting

(&Adq&mBuD;rsm;\
*sL;bmom)
*sL;vlrsdK;wkdY\
yHkpHb0onf
AmAkvkefodkYjynfESif'PfcHcsdef (586-538 bDpD) twGif;pwifonf/ ,Zfyka&m[dwfrsm;ESifh Adrmefawmf
\vTrf;rdk;rIz,f&Sm;cH&ojzifh a'oE&w&m;Z&yf (Synagogues) rsm;onf *sL;vlrsdK;wkdY\b0
tmHkjyK&mt&yfrsm;jzpfvmcJhonf/ *sL;vlrsdK;wdkY\ "avhxHk;pH? rdwfo[m,jyKrI? 0wfjyKudk;uG,frIESifh
ormusrf;pmavhvmrI\ a'oE&A[dkXmrrsm;jzpfaom w&m;Z&yfrsm;onf trsdK;om;a&;&m
bmoma&;b0\tmHkjyK&m ae&mrsm;jzpfvmonf/ a,I\acwf ]]usrf;wwfyk*dKvfrsm;\ bmoma&;}}
jzpfaom4if;onf ,Zfyka&m[dwfrsm;\ bmoma&;ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/ at? 'D 70
a,k&Svifusonfhtcg zg&d&SJrsm;BuD;pdk;aomusrf;wwfyk*dKvfyHkpHonf *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;\bmoma&;
b0udkxdef;ausmif;onf/ 4if;onfEIwfwkdufvufqifhurf;aom a&S;dk;pOfvmusrf; (Talmud)
&Sif;vif;onfhtwdkif; Torah (ynwdusrf; - "ra[mif;usrf;\yxig;usr;f) tm;w&m;Oya'tjzpf
teufjyefusifhoHk;onf/
Rabbinical

Judaism

(zGifhjyawmfrljcif;) bk&m;ocifonfvlom;tm;pum;ajymjcif;udkaz:jy&efoHk;aomemrnf
jzpfonf/ t"dyg,ftjynfhtpHkudka0g[m&oHk;rsdK;jzifhaz:jyonf/ (1)zGifhjyawmfrljcif;-bk&m;ocifonf
vlYordkif;xJvkyfaqmifawmfrlcJhonf/
(2)rIwfoGif;awmfrljcif;-bk&m;ocifonfrdrdvkyfaqmifrIrsm;ESifh
Revelation

492

4if;wdkY\rSefuefaomt"dyg,fzGifhqdkjcif;udkay;um?
4if;tm;vlom;rsm;twGufrSwfwrf;wif&efvltcsdKU
a&G;cs,fonf/
(3)Sif;vif;jyojcif;-bk&m;ocifonfrdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjyawmfrljcif;tm;vlom;rsm;tm;
em;vnfoabmaygufap&efulnDay;zdkYrdrd\0dnmOfawmfudkay;xm;onf/
pum;vHk;wpfvHk;ESifhqdkifaomt"dyg,f\tqifhtwef;tjynfhtpHkudkTef;onf/ 4if;rSm
uGJjym;jcm;em;aomtquftpyfrsm;pum;vHk;wpfvHk;\
t"dyg,fyGm;rsm;rnfodkYjzpfay:aMumif;ajym
jcif;jzpfonf/
Semantic field

a[jAJ"ra[mif;usrf;tm;*&dvdkbmomjyefaomusrf;\emrnfjzpfonf/ tD*spfEdkifiH
tvufZ`Em;jrdKUpmMunfhwdkuftwGif;rSL;ynmSif(70)wdkY &ufaygif;(70)twGif;bmomjyefa&;om;cJhMu
jcif;jzpfonf[kaS;dk;pOfvmt&ajymMuonf/
aS;dk;pOfvmt&tcsdefumvrSmbDpD(250)0ef;usifjzpf
onf/ (trSefpifppftm;jzifh4if;tm;jyD;pD;ap&efESpfaygif;(100)ausmfMumcJh[efSdonf/ bmomjyef
usrf;ta&;MuD;&jcif;rSm
(1)4if;onfa[jAJ"ra[mif;usrf;ESifhEIdif;,SOf&efaS;a[mif;usrf;wpfusrf;udk
uRefawmfwdkYtwGufayonf/
(2)4if;onfbDpD(3)&mpkESifh(2)&mpktwGif;*sL;bmomjyeftwwf\tajc
taeudkjyonf/ (3)*sL;rsm;onfa,SKudkrjiif;y,frDyifarSd,tm;em;vnfodSdyHkudkjyonf/ 4if;\t
wdkaumufrSm LXX jzpfonf/
Septuagint

4if;rSmat'Dav;&mpk*&dusrf;wpfusrf;jzpfonf/ 4if;udk*smrefynmSif
Tischendorf
qdkolonfaS;dk;pOfvmtqdkt&odeawmifjzpfaom Jebel Musa awmifukef;ay:SdpdefYuufo&if;bkef;
MuD;ausmif;awGUSdcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;udka[jAJyxrtu&m [ ] jzpfaz:jyjyD;? "ra[mif;ESifh"ropf
usrf;ESpfckpvHk;yg0ifonf/ 4if;rSmuRefawmfwdkYSdaomaS;tusqHk;pmvHk;MuD;vufa&;usrf; MISS wpf
ckjzpfonf/
Sinaiticus

(0dnmOfoabmjzpfapjcif;) ordkif;aMumif;ESifhusrf;csufwpfcsuf\usrf;pum;tquf
tpyftaMumif;t&moabmudkab;z,fumtjcm;pHEIef;rsm;jzifh
teufjyefjcif;jyK&m4if;onfOyrmjyK
wifpmaz:jyrIESifhoabmcsif;wlonf/
Spiritualizing

4if;onfwdusaom(0g)tvGefqifwlaomt"dyg,fdSonfha0g[m&rsm;udkac:qdkonf/
(trSefrSmt"dyg,fcsif;tjynfht0wlnDaompum;vHk;[lrSdacs/)
xdkpum;vHk;rsdK;rSmtvGefeD;pyfvSo
jzifht"dyg,fraysmufysufbJ0guswpfcktwGif; ae&mvJyifoHk;Edkifonf/ yHkpHcsif;wlaoma[jAJuAsmyHk
pHoHk;rsdK;teufwpfrsdK;tm;az:jy&efvnf;oHk;onf/
odkYoHk;&mwlnDaomtaMumif;t&mudkjyonfh
uAsm\pmaMumif;ESpfaMumif;udkac:onf/ (qmvH 103;3)
Synonymous

4if;onf0guswpfaMumif;\wnfaqmufyHkudkTef;aom*&da0g[m&wpfckjzpfonf/ taMumif;
t&mwpfcktm;tjynfhtpHkaz:jy&ef0guswpfck\tpdwftydkif;rsm;tm;pkpnf;xm;jcif;udkac:onf/
Syntax

493

a[jAJuAsm? tvuFmtrsdK;tpm;rsm;udkaz:jyaoma0g[m&oHk;rsdK;teufwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/
t"dyg,fwjznf;jznf;ydkay:vGifoGm;apaomyHkpHjzifh?
wpfckay:wpfckxyfwnfaqmufxm;onfh
uAsmpmaMumif;rsm;udkajymaoma0g[m&jzpfjyD;wpfcgwpfav Climatic [kvnf;ac:onf/ (qmvH
19;7-9)
Synthetical

teufjyefjcif;\tqifhwpfqifhjzpfumormusrf;pmxJrsm;udkpkpnf;qifjcif
aomyHkpHjzifhajymjy&eftm;xkwfrIjzpfonf/ 4if;onfordkif;aMumif;qkdif&moufoufxufwuaA'enf;
usjzpfonf/
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Systematic

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Talmud

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Textual

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Textus Receptus

494

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Wisdom Literature

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World Picture and Worldview

495

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497