Chemistry Investigatory Project

CHEMISTRY
PROJECT
Analysis of
Commonly Available
Cold Drinks
Project by:
Certificate
This is hereby to certify that the
original and genuine investigation work
has been carried out to investigate
about the subject matter and the
related data collection and investigation
has been completed solely, sincerely
and satisfactorily by, regarding his
project
titled ANAYLSIS OF
COMMONLY
AVAILABLE
COLD
DRINKS.
Teachers Signature
Acknowledgeme
nt
It would be my utmost pleasure to

express my sincere thanks to my in
providing a helping hand in this
project. His valuable guidance, support
and supervision all through this project
are responsible for attaining its present
form. I would also like to thank my
parents as they encouraged me to put
forward my project.
Contents
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
Introduction
Theory
Aim
Apparatus
Chemical Required
Determination of pH
Test for Carbon dioxide
Test for Glucose
Test for Phosphate
Test for Alcohol
Test for Sucrose
Result
Conclusion
Precaution
Bibliography
Introduction
A
cold
drink
is
a beverage that
typically
contains carbonated water, a sweetener and a flavoring.
The sweetener maybe sugar, high-fructose corn syrup,
fruit juice, sugar substitutes or some combination of
these. Soft drinks may also contain caffeine, colorings,
preservatives and other ingredients.
Cold drinks have been around in the country since the
1950s. Parle Group is regarded as the first Indian
company to circulate soft drinks nationwide. Gold Spot, a
proprietary drink, faced no competition until the all
empowering Coca Cola entered the country. Gold Spot
was complimented with two other soft drinks, Thumbs Up
and Limca.
Today, a large population is witnessed, in-taking these
carbonated drinks Coca Cola and Pepsi for their
revitalizing attributes; Limca, Fanta, Sprite for giving a
feeling of lightness.
Theory
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of
alcohol, carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions
etc. These soft drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness
and have a tangy taste which is liked by everyone.
Carbon dioxide is responsible for the formation of froth on
shaking the bottle.
The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form
carbonic acid which is also responsible for the tangy
taste. Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic
compounds and are major source of energy to our body.
General formula of carbohydrates is CX (H2O)Y.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are
classified as:- Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and
Polysaccharides. It occurs in Free State in the ripen
grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also
present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%.
Sucrose is one of the most useful disaccharides in our
daily life. It is widely distributed in nature in juices, seeds
and also in flowers of many plants. The main source of
sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-20 %
sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 %
sucrose. It is produced by a mixture of glucose and
fructose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas glucose is
reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their
acidity can be measured by finding their pH value. The pH
values also depend upon the acidic contents such as citric

acid and phosphoric acid
AIM
COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE

ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF
COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET
Apparatus
Test Tubes
Test Tube Holder
Test Tube Stand
Stop Watch
Beaker
Bunsen Burner
pH Paper
Tripod Stand
China Dish
Wire Gauge
Water Bath
Chemicals
Required
Iodine Solution
Potassium Iodide
Sodium Hydroxide
Lime Water
Fehlings A & B Solution
Concentrated Nitric Acid
Benedict Solution
Ammonium Molybdate
Determination of
pH
Experiment
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were
taken in a test tube and put on the pH paper. The change
in colour of pH paper was noticed and was compared with
standard pH scale.
Observation
Sr.n.
1.
Name of the
drink
Coca Cola
Colour
change
Pinkish
pH
2.
Limca
Light Orange
3.
Sprite
Dark Orange
2-3
Soft Drinks are generally acidic because of the presence

of citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold
drinks of different brand are different due to the
variation in amount of acidic content
Test for Carbon

Dioxide
Experiment
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the
samples were passed through lime water. The lime water
turned milky.
Observation
Sr.n.
1.
2.
3.
Name of the
drink
Coca Cola
Limca
Sprite
Time
taken(sec)
28
28
20
Inference
CO2 Present
CO2 Present
CO2 Present
All cold drinks contain CO2 dissolved in water, which is

what adds the tangy flavor to the drinks.
Chemical Reaction
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCo3 + H2O
Test for Glucose

Experiment
Glucose is a reducing sugar. Its presence can be tested
through the following methods :
1.Benedicts Reagent Test
Small sample of the cold drink of different brand is
taken in a test tube and a few drops of Benedicts
reagent are added. The test tube is heated for a few
seconds. Reddish ppt. confirms the presence of
glucose.
Observation
Sr.n.
Observation
Inference
1.
Name of the
drink
Coca Cola
Reddish ppt.
2.
Limca
Reddish ppt.
3.
Sprite
Reddish ppt.
Glucose is
present
Glucose is
present
Glucose is
present
All samples consist of glucose, as all of them give a

positive result for Benedicts test.
2. Fehlings Solution Test

Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were
taken in a test tube and a few drops of Fehlings A
solution and Fehlings B solution was added in equal
amount. The test tube was heated in water bath for
10 minutes. Appearance of brown precipitate
confirmed the presence of glucose in cold drinks.
Sr.n.
1.
Name of the
drink
Coca Cola
2.
Limca
3.
Sprite
Observation
Inference
Reddish
Brown ppt.
Reddish
Brown ppt.
Reddish
Brown ppt.
Glucose is
present
Glucose is
present
Glucose is
present
All samples gave positive test for glucose with

Fehlings (A & B) solutions. Hence all the cold drinks
contain glucose
Test for
Phosphate
Experiment
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were
taken in separate test tubes and Ammonium
Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric Acid
(HNO3) was added to it. The solution was heated.
Appearance of canary-yellow precipitate confirmed
the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks
Observation
Sr.n.
1.
Name of the
drink
Coca Cola
2.
Limca
3.
Sprite
Observation
Inference
Canary-Yellow
ppt.
Canary-Yellow
ppt.
Canary-Yellow
ppt.
Phosphate
present
Phosphate
present
Phosphate
present
All the cold drink samples contain Phosphate.

Chemical reaction
NaHPO4 + 12 (NH4)2MoO4 + 21 HNO3 + 3H
(NH4)3PO4.12MOO3
+ 21HN4NO3 + 12H2O
Test For Alcohol

Experiment
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in
separate test tubes and Iodine followed by Potassium
Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution was added
to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in hot
water bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of yellow colored
precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold
drinks
Observation
Sr.n.
1.
Name of the
drink
Coca Cola
Observation
Inference
Yellow ppt.
Alcohol
Present
Alcohol
Present
Alcohol
2.
Limca
Yellow ppt.
3.
Sprite
Yellow ppt.
Present
All the samples consist of Alcohol.

Chemical Reaction
CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH CHI3 + HCOONa + 5 NaI +
5H2O
Test For Sucrose

Experiment
5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in
separate china dishes and were heated very strongly until
changes occur. Black colored residue left confirmed the
presence of sucrose in cold drinks.
Observation
Sr.n.
1.
Name of the
drink
Coca Cola
2.
Limca
3.
Sprite
Observation
Inference
Black
Residue
Black
Residue
Black
Residue
Sucrose is
present
Sucrose is
present
Sucrose is
present
All brands of cold drinks contain sucrose.
Result
After conduction of several tests, we find that all the
different brands namely 1. Coca Cola
2. Limca
3. Sprite
- contain glucose, sucrose, alcohol, phosphate, and
carbon dioxide.
All are acidic in nature. Coca Cola comes out to be the
most acidic of the three and Limca, the least.
Carbon Dioxide content is maximum in Sprite and
minimum in Coca Cola.
Conclusion
Intake of soft drinks, as many studies have conclusively
shown, interferes with our neurological and physiological
state of being owing to their contents.
All the brands tested, contain high quantity of sugar
which is more than what our body demands on an
average day.
The strength of phosphoric acid, as depicted above, is
enough to dissolve nails in 4 days.
Recommendation :
Out of the three brands, Limca contains the least amount
of dissolved CO2 and is the least acidic. Relatively, it has a
lower sugar content than the other three. Taking these
facts into account, we can conclude that Limca is the
safest of the three.
Precautions
Some of the precautions which need to be taken care of
are
Concentrated solutions should be handled with
immense care.
Hands should be washed thoroughly after performing
each experiment. If possible, one should wear hand
gloves to prevent from any possible damage.
If chemicals come into contact with your skin or eyes,
flush immediately with copious amounts of water.
Never leave burners unattended. Turn them off
whenever you leave your workstation.
Bibliography
The following books were a source for my project
NCERT Chemistry Textbook for Class XII
Dr. N. K. Verma, Chemistry Lab Manual
Britannica Encyclopedia

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CHEMISTRY

It would be my utmost pleasure to

values also depend upon the acidic contents such as citric

COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE

Soft Drinks are generally acidic because of the presence

Test for Carbon

All cold drinks contain CO2 dissolved in water, which is

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCo3 + H2O

Test for Glucose

All samples consist of glucose, as all of them give a

2. Fehlings Solution Test

All samples gave positive test for glucose with

All the cold drink samples contain Phosphate.

Test For Alcohol

All the samples consist of Alcohol.

Test For Sucrose

All brands of cold drinks contain sucrose.

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