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Exam in Fluid Mechanics 5C1214

The document is a summary of an exam in fluid mechanics. It provides information on 5 questions that will be on the exam, including the point value of each question. Question 2 asks students to find the velocity field of water driven by a rotating rod inside a cylinder, taking into account gravitational acceleration. Question 4 involves deriving the laminar wake flow downstream of a flat plate, and showing that the mass flux in the wake direction is constant. Question 5 asks students to derive the heat equation governing mean flow in a turbulent system.

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46 views3 pages

Exam in Fluid Mechanics 5C1214

The document is a summary of an exam in fluid mechanics. It provides information on 5 questions that will be on the exam, including the point value of each question. Question 2 asks students to find the velocity field of water driven by a rotating rod inside a cylinder, taking into account gravitational acceleration. Question 4 involves deriving the laminar wake flow downstream of a flat plate, and showing that the mass flux in the wake direction is constant. Question 5 asks students to derive the heat equation governing mean flow in a turbulent system.

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alialavi2
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Exam in Fluid mechanics 5C1214

Final exam in course 5C1214 23/10 2003 14-18 in Q14, Q15, Q21
Examiner: Prof. Dan Henningson
The point value of each question is given in parenthesis and you need more than 20 points to
pass the course including the points obtained from the homework problems.
Copies of appendix B from Kundu & Cohern can be used for the exam as well as a book of
basic math formulas and a calculator.
1. Relative motion.
Consider the relative motion of two fluid particles initially separated by the distance dx0i .
(Here x0i and t are the Lagrangian coordinates).
a) (5) Show that the separation at time dt is
dri (dt) = dx0i +

ui 0
dx dt.
x0j j

b) (2) Use this relation to write down the expression for the deformation of the sides of
a small cube aligned with the coordinate directions. Thus, show that the components of
the side aligned with the x-direction, Ri1 , is deformed into
(1)

ri

= R(i1 +

ui
dt),
x01

with analogous expressions for the other two sides.


c) (4) Show that the deformation rate of the volume of the cube is given by the divergence
of the velocity field. Note that x0i = xi at t = 0.
2. Flow between a rod and a cylinder.
Consider a long hollow cylinder with radius b, a concentric rod with radius a inside the
cylinder, and water occupying the space between the rod and the cylinder, see figure 1.
The rod is rotating with the constant angular frequency .
(10) Find the velocity field of the water driven by the rotating rod and the gravitational
acceleration g.
z

Figure 1: Water and a concentric rotating rod inside a cylinder.

3. Bernoullis equation
a) (3) Derive the following formula:
uj

1
ui
=
(uj uj ) + ijk j uk .
xj
2 xi

b) (3) Use this in the momentum equation to derive Bernoullis equation for unsteady
potential flow.
c) (3) Use the result in (a) to derive Bernoullis equation for steady inviscid flow. Discuss
the validity of the derived relation.
4. Laminar wake flow.
Consider the laminar wake flow downstream of a two-dimensional streamlined body at
high Reynolds number, see figure 2. Assume that the wake is so weak that we can write
u = U + u1 where u1 is negative and much smaller than the free-stream velocity U .
a) (3) Motivate the usage of the equation
U

u1
2 u1
= 2.
x
y

b) (2) Show that the mass flux Q1 , in the direction of the wake is constant in x
Z
u1 dy. ()
Q1 =

c) (7) A similarity solution can be found by scaling the wake velocity with Us (x) = u1 (x, 0)
so that f () = u1 (x, y)/Us (x), where = y/(x) is the similarity variable. Show, using (),
that Us = k/(x), where k is a given constant. Find the similarity solution for u1 .
U

U+u
1

Figure 2: Wake downstream of a flat plate.

5. Mean heat equation.


The heat equation for the instantaneous turbulent flow is
T
2 T
T
+ uj
=
.
t
xj
xj xj
(8) Derive the heat equation governing the mean flow.
Good Luck!

Answers to exam in Fluid mechanics 5C1214, 2003-10-23


1. See Kundu & Cohen p. 57.
2. Flow between a rod and a cylinder.
 2

b r2
a2
u = 2
b a2
r


1g
2
2
2
2 ln(r/a)
r a (b a )
uz =
4
ln(b/a)
3. See Kundu & Cohen pp. 110-114.
4. Laminar wake flow.
Q1
u1 =
2
5. See Kundu & Cohen pp. 511-512.

U U y2
e 4x
x

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