Acids, Bases and Salts Unit Plan

Period/Topic

Worksheets

1. Properties of Acids, Bases & Salts

WS 1

2. Arrhenius, Bronsted Acids, Ka and Strength.

WS 2

3. Arrhenius, Bronsted Bases, Kb and Strength

WS 3

4. Acid & Base Reactions. Amphiprotic. Acid Chart. WS 4

5. Leveling effect, Anhydrides and Relationships.

WS 5

6. Hydrolysis of Salts. Quiz.

WS 6

7. Acid, Base & Salt Reactions. Hydrolysis.

WS 7

8. Yamadas Indicator Lab. Hydrolysis.

WS 8

9. Ionization of Water, [H+] & [OH-], pH scale.

WS 9

10. pH Calculations for Weak Acids.

WS 10

11. Ka from pH for Weak Acids.

WS 11

Quiz

12. Indicators Lab.

13. Kbs from Kas for Weak Bases.

WS 12

14. pH for Weak Bases pH [H+] [OH-] Relationships.

WS 13

15. Amphiprotic Ions- Kas and Kbs.

WS 14

16. Titration Lab. Primary Standards.

Acids Midterm Practice Test

17. Titration Lab

18. Buffers & Indicators

WS 15

19. Titration Curves.

WS 16

9/10

20. Review # 1

Web Site Review

Practice Test 1

21. Review # 2

Practice Test 2

22. Test

Worksheet # 1
1.

Properties of Acids and Bases

Add 1 drop of each solution to 1 drop of the acid-base indicator in a spot plate. Record the colour
in the data table below. Describe each solution as an acid or base in the space provided. Write the
acid colour and base colour in the table below.

Indicator

Phenolphthalein

Litmus

BromothymolBlue

Acid/Base

Solution
HCl
NaOH
Vinegar
Ammonia
(NH3)
Lemon Juice
Seven-up
Baking Soda
(NaHCO3)
Indicator

Acid Colour

Base Colour

Phenolphthalein
Litmus
Bromothymol Blue
Wash and dry your spot plate before going on to step 2.
2.

Wear safety goggles for this experiment. Pour approximately 50 mL of 1 M HCl into a fleaker.
Add one level spoonful of Ca and cover with a plastic funnel. After 1 minute and not before light
the top of the funnel using a match. Write the equation for the reaction below.

Wash and dry your fleaker before going on to step 3.

3.
Taste a lemon and describe the taste in one word
4.
Taste some baking soda and describe the taste in one word.
6.
Test two drops of HCl for conductivity in a spot plate. Result:
Write an equation that accounts for the conductivity of HCl.

7.

Test two drops of NaOH for conductivity in a spot plate. Result:

Write an equation that accounts for the conductivity of NaOH (dissociation).

Clean, dry and put away the spot plate

8.

List five properties of acids that are in your textbook.

9.

List five properties of bases that are in your textbook.

10.

Make some notes on the commercial acids: HCl and H2SO4 .

HCl

H2SO4

11.

Make some notes on the commercial base NaOH.

12.

Describe the difference between a concentrated and dilute acid (hint: concentration refers to the
molarity). Describe their relative conductivities.

13.

Describe the difference between a strong and weak acid. Use two examples and write equations to
support your answer. Describe their relative conductivities.

14.

Describe a situation where a strong acid would have the same conductivity as a weak acid (hint:
think about concentration).

Worksheet # 2

Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

Complete each acid reaction. Label each reactant and product as an acid or base. The first on is done for
you.
1.

HCN
Acid

+
Base

H2O

H3O+
Acid

2.

H3C6O7

H2O

3.

H3PO4

H2O

4.

HF

H2O

5.

H2CO3

H2O

6.

NH4+ +

H2O

7.

CH3COOH +

H2O

8.

HCl

H2O

9.

HNO3 +

H2O

+
Base

CN-

Write the equilibrium expression (Ka) for the first seven above reactions. The first one is done for you.
[H3O+][CN-]
[HCN]

10.

Ka =

14. Ka =

11.

Ka =

15. Ka =

12.

Ka =

16. Ka =

13.

Ka =

17.

Which acids are strong?

18.

What does the term strong acid mean?

19.

Why is it impossible to write an equilibrium expression for a strong acid?

20.

Which acids are weak?

23.

What does the term weak acid mean?

24.

Explain the difference between a strong and weak acid in terms of electrical conductivity.
Acid

14.

HNO2

16.
18.
20.
22.

HSO3H2O2
HSH2O

Conjugate Base

Base

17.

Conjugate Acid

15.

HCOO-

IO319.
21.
23.

NH3
CH3COOH2O

Define:
22.

Bronsted acid-

23.

Bronsted base-

24.

Arrhenius acid-

25.

Arrhenius base-

26.

List the six strong acids.

27.

Rank the acids in order of decreasing strength. HCl

28.

What would you rather drink vinegar or hydrochloric acid? Explain.

H2S

H3PO4

Making a Universal Indicator Lab Activity

Mix the following indicators in a 50 mL beaker. Stir with an eyedropper.
Yamadas Universal Indicator
5 drops thymol blue

H2CO3

HF

HSO4

6 drops methyl orange

5 drops phenolphthalein
10 drops bromothymol blue
20 drops of water
Part 1. In a spot plate add two drops of each buffer solution to a cell. Add one drop of Yamadas indicator
to each. Record each colour on another lab sheet by colouring the cell the same colour. Make sure you are
accurate because you will use this information for future labs and projects.
<---------- Acid Strength Increases -----Neutral ----Base Strength Increases ------->

pH = 1

pH = 3

pH = 5

pH = 7

pH = 9

pH =11

pH = 13

Part 2. Test a drop of HCl, CH3COOH, NaOH, NH3, NaHCO3, H2CO3 and NaCl solution for conductivity.
Test with your Universal Indicator. Record the pH of each. Test with your Universal Indicator. Explain
your results with what you know about acids and bases. Classify each as a strong or weak acid or base or
neutral, acidic, or basic salt. Write an equation for each to show how they ionize in water using the
Bronsted (Chemistry 12) definition of an acid.
Wash and dry your chem plate
Wash and return your eyedropper.
Wash and return your beaker.
Wash your hands.
Results
Compound
HCl
CH3COOH
NaOH
NH3
NaHCO3
H2CO3
NaCl

Conductivity

pH

Classification

Worksheet # 3

Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

Complete each reaction. Label each reactant and product as an acid or base.
1.

HCN

H2O

Acid

Base

HCl

H2O

3.

HF

H2O

4.

F-

H2O

5.

HSO4- +
(acid)

H2O

6.

NH4+

H2O

7.

HPO42(base)

H2O

Acid

Conjugate Base

CNBase

8.
10.
12.
14.

HCO3HPO42H2O
HS-

16.

Circle the strong bases.

Fe(OH)3
NaOH
Zn(OH)2
Sr(OH)2

Base

CO32-

9.
11.
13.
15.

CH3COOIO3NH2C2H5SO73-

CsOH
Ba(OH)2

Conjugate Acid
CH3COOH

KOH
Ca(OH)2

Rank the following acids from strongest to weakest.

H2S

18.

Acid

2.

17.

H3O+

CH3COOH

H2PO4-

HI

HCl

Rank the following bases from the strongest to weakest.

H2O

F-

NH3

SO32-

HSO3-

NaOH

HF

19.

i) Write the reaction of H3BO3 with water (remove one H+ only because it is a weak acid).
ii) Write the Ka expression for the above.
iii) What is the ionization constant for the acid (use your table). Ka =

20.

List six strong acids.

21.

List six strong bases.

22.

List six weak acids in order of decreasing strength (use your acid/base table).

23.

List six weak bases in order of decreasing strength (use your acid/base table).

Worksheet # 4

Using Acid Strength Tables

Acid-base reactions can be considered to be a competition for protons. A stronger acid can
cause a weaker acid to act like a base. Label the acids and bases. Complete the reaction. State if
the reactants or products are favoured.
1.

HSO4-

HPO42-

2.

HCN

H2O

3.

HCO3-

H2S

4.

HPO42-

NH4+

5.

NH3

H2O

6.

H2PO41-

NH3

7.

HCO3-

HF

8.
Complete each equation and indicate if reactants or products are favoured. Label each
base.
HSO4-

HCO3-

H2PO4-

HC03-

HS03-

HPO42-

NH3

HC2O4-

9.

Explain why HF(aq) is a better conductor than HCN(aq).

10.

Which is a stronger acid in water, HCl or HI? Explain!

11.

State the important ion produced by an acid and a base.

12.

Which is the stronger base? Which produces the least OH-? F- or CO3-2

13.

Define a Bronsted/Lowry acid and base.

14.

Define an Arrhenius acid and base.

15.

Complete each reaction and write the equilibrium expression.

HF + H2O
F- + H2O

16.

H2SO4 + NaOH

17.

Define conjugate pairs.

Ka=
Kb=

acid or

18.

Give conjugate acids for: HS-, NH3, HPO4-2, OH-, H2O, NH3,

19.

Give conjugate bases for: NH4+,

Worksheet # 5

HF, H2PO4-,

H3O+, OH-,

CO3-2
HCO3-,

H2O

Acid and Basic Anhydrides

1.

What is the strongest acid that can exist in water? Write an equation to show how a stronger acid
would be reduced in strength by the leveling effect of water.

2.

What is the strongest base that can exist in water? Write an equation to show how a stronger base
would be reduced in strength by the leveling effect of water.

3.

List three strong acids and three strong bases.

4.

Rank the acids in decreasing strength:

HClO4
HClO2

Ka is very large
Ka=8.0x10-5

HClO3
HClO

Ka=1.2x10-2
Ka=4.4x10-8

5.

For an oxy acid what is the relationship between the number of Os and
acid strength? (Compare H2S04 and H2S03)

6.

Which acid is stronger?

HI03 or HIO2

7.
8.

Which produces more H30+?

Which produces more OH-?

H2CO3 or HS04F- or HC03-

9.

Which conducts better NH3 or NaOH (both .1M)? Why?

10.

Which conducts better HF or HCN (both .1M)? Why?

11.

Compare and contrast a strong and weak acid in terms of degree of ionization, size of ka,
conductivity, and concentration of H+.

Classify each formula as an acid anhydride, basic anhydride, strong acid, weak acid, strong, or weak base.
For each formula write an equation to show how it reacts with water. For anhydrides write two equations.
Formula
12.

Na2O

Classification

Reaction

13.

CaO

14.

SO3

15.

CO2

16.

SO2

17.

HCl

18.

NH3

19.
20.

NaOH
HF

21.

H3PO4

Worksheet # 6

Hydrolysis of Salts and Reactions of Acids and Bases

Describe each as an acid, base, neutral salt, acidic salt, or basic salt. For each salt write a parent acid-base
formation equation, dissociation equation, and hydrolysis equation (only for acidic and basic salts). For
acids and bases write an equation to show how each reacts with water.
1.

NH3

2.

KCl

3.

HNO3

4.

NaHCO3

5.

RbOH

6.

AlCl3

7.

H2C2O4

8.

NaC6H5O

9.

Co(NO3)3

10.

Na2CO3

Worksheet # 7

Hydrolysis of Salts and Reactions of Acids and Bases

Describe each as an acid, base, neutral salt, acidic salt, or basic salt. For each salt write a dissociation
equation and hydrolysis equation (only for acidic and basic salts). For acids and bases write an equation to
show how each reacts with water.
1.

NH3

2.

NaCl

3.

HCl

4.

NaCN

5.

NaOH

6.

FeCl3

7.

HF

8.

LiHCO3

9.

Fe(NO3)3

10.

MgCO3

11.

H2S

12.

HF

13.

CaI2

14.

Mg(OH)2

15.

Ba(OH)2

16.

Describe why Tums (CaCO3) neutralizes stomach acid.

17.

Describe why Mg(OH)2 is used in Milk of Magnesia as an antacid instead of NaOH.

Worksheet # 8

Yamadas Indicator Activity

Acid, Base and Salt Lab
Purpose:

1)
2)
3)

To use Yamadas Indicator to determine the pH of various acids, bases and salts.
To classify compounds as strong acids, weak acids, strong bases, weak bases, neutral salts, acid
anhydrides, and basic anhydrides.
To write reactions for each compound to show how each ionizes, hydrolyzes or reacts with water.

Procedure:
1)
2)
3)
4)

To a cell in a spot plate add one drop of solution or a very tiny amount of solid. Write the formula
of the compound in the data table.
Add two drops of Yamadas Indicator. Record the pH of the compound.
Classify the compound as a strong acid, weak acid, strong base,
weak base, neutral salt, acid
anhydride, or basic anhydride. Use the formula of the compound as well as the pH.
Write an equation to show the reaction of anhydrides with water, the hydrolysis of salts, or the
ionization of acids or bases.
Data

1.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

2.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

3.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

4.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

5.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

6.

Formula of compound

pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

7.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

8.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

9.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

10.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

11.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

12.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

13.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

14.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

15.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

16.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

17.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

Worksheet # 9

pH and pOH Calculations

Complete the chart:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

[H+]
7.00 x 10-3 M

[OH-]

pH

pOH

Acid/base/neutral

8.75 x 10-2 M
7.33
4.00
Neutral (2 sig

figs)
6.
7.
8.
9.

10.7
2.553
5.0 x 10-10 M
4.7 x 10-10 M

10.

Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH and pOH for a 0.20 M Ba(OH)2 solution.

11.

Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH and pOH for a 0.030 M HCl solution.

12.

Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH and pOH for a 0.20 M NaOH solution.

13.

300.0 mL of 0.20 M HCl is added to 500.0 mL of water, calculate the pH of the

solution.

14.

200.0 mL of 0.020 M HCl is diluted to a final volume of 500.0 mL with water, calculate
the pH.

15.

150.0 mL of 0.40 M Ba(OH)2 is placed in a 500.0 mL volumetric flask and filled to the
mark with water, calculate the pH of the solution.

16.

250.0 mL of 0.20M Sr(OH)2 is diluted by adding 350.0 mL of water, calculate the pH of

the solution.

17.

Calculate the pH of a 0.40 solution of Ba(OH)2 when 25.0 mL is added to 25.0 mL of

water.

Worksheet # 10
1.

pH Calculations for Weak Acids

Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH, and pOH for 0.20 M HCN.

[H+] =

[OH-] =

pH =

pOH =

2.

Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH, and pOH for 2.20 M HF.

3.

[H+] =
[OH-] =
pH =
pOH =
+
Calculate the [H ], [OH ], pH, and pOH for 0.805 M CH3COOH.

[H+] =
4.

[OH-] =

pH =

Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH, and pOH for 1.65 M H3BO3.

pOH =

[H+] =

[OH-] =

pH =

pOH =

5.

Calculate the pH of a saturated solution of Mg(OH)2.

6.

Calculate the pH of a 0.200 M weak diprotic acid with a Ka = 1.8 x 10-6.

7.

350.0 mL of 0.20M Sr(OH)2 is diluted by adding 450.0 mL of water, calculate the pH of

the solution.

Worksheet # 11

pH Calculations for Weak Acids

1.

The pH of 0.20 M HCN is 5.00. Calculate the Ka for HCN. Compare your calculated value with
that in the table.

2.

The pH of 2.20 M HF is 1.56. Calculate the Ka for HF. Compare your calculated value with that
in the table.

3.

The pH of 0.805 M CH3COOH is 2.42. Calculate the Ka for CH3COOH. Compare your
calculated value with that in the table.

4.

The pH of 1.65 M H3BO3 is 4.46. Calculate the Ka for H3BO3. Compare your calculated value
with that in the table.

5.

The pH of a 0.10 M diprotic acid is 3.683, calculate the Ka and identify the acid.

6.

The pH of 0.20 M NH3 is 11.227; calculate the Kb of the Base.

7.

The pH of 0.40 M NaCN is 11.456; calculate the Kb for the basic salt. Start by writing an
equation and an ICE chart.

8.

The pH of a 0.10 M triprotic acid is 5.068, calculate the Ka and identify the acid.

9.

How many grams of CH3COOH are dissolved in 2.00 L of a solution with pH = 2.45?

Use questions 1 to 4 from last assignment to mark questions 1 to 4.

Worksheet # 12

Kb For Weak Bases

Determine the Kb for each weak base. Write the ionization reaction for each. Remember that Kw = Ka Kb
(the acid and base must be conjugates). Find the base on the right side of the acid table and use the Ka
values that correspond. Be careful with amphiprotic anions! The first one is done for you.
1.

NaNO2 (the basic ion is NO2-)

Kb(NO2-)

2.

Kw

=
1.0 x 10-14
Ka(HNO2)
4.6 x 10-4

KCH3COO (the basic ion is CH3COO-)

2.2 x 10-11

3.

NaHCO3

4.

NH3

5.
6.

NaCN
Li2HPO4

7.

KH2PO4

8.

K2CO3

9.

Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH, and pOH for 0.20 M H2CO3.

[H+] =

10.

[OH-] =

pH =

pOH =

The pH of 0.20 M H2CO3 is 3.53. Calculate the Ka for H2CO3. Compare your calculated value
with that in the table.

11.

Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH, and pOH for 0.10 M CH3COOH.

[H+] =
12.

[OH-] =

pH =

pOH =

The pH of 0.10 M CH3COOH is 2.87. Calculate the Ka for CH3COOH. Compare your calculated
value with that in the table.

13.
200.0 mL of 0.120 M H2SO4 reacts with 400.0 mL of 0.140 M NaOH. Calculate the pH
resulting solution.

Worksheet # 13

of the

Acid and Base pH Calculations

For each weak bases calculate the [OH-], [H+], pOH and pH. Remember that you need to calculate Kb
first.
1.

0.20 M CN-

2. 0.010 M NaHS (the basic ion is HS-)

3.

0.067 M KCH3COO

4.

0.40 M KHCO3

5.

0.60 M NH3

6.

If the pH of a 0.10 M weak acid H2X is 3.683, calculate the Ka for the acid and identify the acid
using your acid chart.

7.

Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH, and pOH for 0.80 M H3BO3.

[H+] =
8.

[OH-] =

pH =

pOH =

Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH, and pOH for 0.25 M H2CO3.

[H+] =

[OH-] =

pH =

pOH =

9.

The pH of 1.65 M H3BO3 is 4.46. Calculate the Ka for H3BO3. Compare your calculated value
with that in the table.

10.

The pH of 0.65 M NaX is 12.46. Calculate the Kb for NaX.

11.

Consider the following reaction: 2HCl + Ba(OH)2 BaCl2 + 2H2O

When 3.16g samples of Ba(OH)2 were titrated to the equivalence point with an HCl solution, the
following data was recorded.
Trial
#1
#2
#3

Volume of HCl added

37.80 mL
35.49 mL
35.51 mL
Calculate the original [HCl]

12.

Calculate the volume of 0.200M H2SO4 required to neutralize 25.0 ml of 0.100M NaOH.

13.

25.0 mL of .200 M HCl is mixed with 50.0 mL 0.100 M NaOH, calculate the pH of he resulting
solution.

14.

10.0 mL of 0.200 M H2SO4 is mixed with 25.0 mL 0.200 M NaOH, calculate the pH of the
resulting solution.
125.0 mL of .200 M HCl is mixed with 350.0 mL 0.100 M NaOH, calculate the pH of the resulting
solution.

15.

16.

Define standard solution and describe two ways to standardize a solution.

17.

What is the [H3O+] in a solution formed by adding 60.0 mL of water to 40.0 mL of 0.040 M KOH
solution?

Worksheet # 14

Amphiprotic Ions and Review

1.

List the properties of acids/bases.

2.

Define the following:

Arhenius strong acid
Arhenius weak base
Bronsted strong acid
Bronsted weak base
Conjugate pair
Amphiprotic

3.

Standard solution.
Show by calculation if the following amphiprotic ions are acids or bases:
HCO3H2PO4HPO42-

4.

What is the strongest base in water? What is the strongest acid in water? Write equations to
explain your answer.

5.

Match each equation:

Acid/base complete
Acid/base net ionic

HCl + NaOH NaCl + HOH

F- + HOH HF + OH-

H+ + OH- HOH
AgCl(s) Ag+ + ClH20 H+ + OHH+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH- Na++ Cl- + H2O

Solubility product
Hydrolysis
Acid/Base formula
Ionization of water
6.

HCl and HF. Describe each acid as:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

strong or weak
high or low ionization
large or small Ka
good or poor conductor
strong or weak electrolyte

7.

Out of 0.2 M HCl and 1.0 M HF, which is the most concentrated?
Which is the strongest acid?

8.

Label the scale as strong/weak acid and strong/weak base.

pH

9.

|________________________|_________________________|__
0
7
14

Which ions are amphiprotic?

HPO42HCl
FHS-

H2S

H2O

10.

Write the net ionic equation between any strong acid and strong base.

11.

Write the ionization equation for water.

12.

Write the Kw expression.

13.

H2SO3 + HS-

H2S + HSO3-

a)

Are the reactants or products favoured?

b)

Is the Keq large, small or about 1?

Determine the pH Write equations for each first!

14.

.20M HCl

pH=?

15.

0.20M Ba(OH)2

pH=?

16.

0.20M H2CO3

pH=?

17.

0.40M KHCO3

pH=?

18.

The pH increases by 2 units. How does [H+] change?

19.

The pH decreases by 1 unit.

How does [H+] change?

20.

a) For distilled water : pH=

pOH=

[H+]=

[OH-]=

b) For 1M HCl:

pH=

pOH=

[H+]=

[OH-]=

c) For 1M NaOH:

pH=

pOH=

[H+]=

[OH-]=

21.

The pH of 0.20 M NaX is 12.50; calculate the Kb.

22.

The pH of 0.2 M HX is 4.5; calculate the Ka.

23.

100.0 mL of 0.200 M NaOH is mixed with 100.0 mL of 0.180 M HCl. Calculate the pH of the
resulting solution.

24.

How many grams of NaHCO3 are required to make 100.0 mL of 0.200M solution?

25.

What volume of 0.200 M NaOH is required to neutralize 25.0 mL of 0.150 M H2SO4?

26.

In a titration 25.0 mL of .200M H2SO4 is required to neutralize 10.0 mL NaOH. Calculate the
concentration of the base.

27.

Calculate the concentration of a solution of NaCl made by dissolving 50.0 g in 250.0 mL of water.

28.

SO3(g)
+ H2O(g)
H2SO4(l)
Equilibrium concentrations are found to be:
[SO3] = 0.400 M
[ H2O] = 0.480 M
Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant.

29.

[H2SO4] = 0.600 M

4.00 moles of SO2 and 5.00 moles O2 are placed in a 2.00 L container at 200 C and allowed to
reach equilibrium. If the equilibrium concentration of O2 is
2.00 M, calculate the Keq.
2SO2(g) +

O2(g)

2SO3(g)

Worksheet # 15

Buffers and indicators

Buffers
1.

Definition

2.
Acid

Conjugate Base

Salt

HCN
KHCO3
NH3
HF
NaCH3COO
HC2O43.

Write an equation for the first three buffer systems above.

4.

Which buffer could have a pH of 4.0?

a) HCl & NaCl

b) HF & NaF

Which buffer could have a pH of 10.0?

c)

NH3

& NH4Cl

5.

Predict how the buffer of pH = 9.00 will change. Your possible answers are 9.00, 8.98, 9.01, 2.00,
and 13.00
Final pH

a)

2 drops of 0.10 M HCl are added

b)

1 drop of 0.10 M NaOH is added

c)

10 mL of 0.10 M HCl are added

6.

Write an equation for the carbonic acid, sodium hydrogencarbonate buffer system. A few drops of
HCl are added. Describe the shift and each concentration change.
Equation:
Shift

[H+] =

[HCO3-] =

[H2CO3] =

Indicators
1.

Definition

2.

Equilibrium equation

3.

Colors for methyl orange

4.

Compare the relative sizes of [HInd] and [Ind-] at the following pHs for methyl orange.
Color

HInd

Ind-

Relationship

pH = 2.0
pH = 3.7
pH = 5.0

5.

HCl is added to methyl orange, describe if each increases or decreases.

[H+]
[HInd]
[Ind-]
Color Change

6.

NaOH is added to methyl orange, describe if each increases or decreases.

[H+]

[HInd]
[Ind-]
Color Change
7.

State two equations that are true at the transition point of an indicator.

8.

What indicator has a Ka = 4 x 10-8

9.

What is the Ka for methyl orange?

10.

A solution is pink in phenolphthalein and colorless in thymolphthalein. What is the pH of the

solution?

11.

A solution is blue in bromothymol blue, red in phenol red, and yellow in thymol blue. What is the
pH of the solution?

Worksheet # 16

Titration Curves

Choose an indicator and describe the approximate pH of the equivalence point for each titration.
Complete each reaction.
pH
1.

HCl

2.

HF

3.

HI

+ Ba(OH)2

4.

HCN

5.

HClO4

6.

CH3COOH

7.

Calculate the Ka of bromothymol blue.

8.
9.

An indicator has a Ka = 1 x 10-10, determine the indicator.

Calculate the Ka of methyl orange.

+
+

NaOH

RbOH

KOH

NH3

LiOH

Indicator

10.

An indicator has a Ka = 6.3 x 10-13, determine the indicator.

11.

Explain the difference between an equivalence point and a transition point.

Draw a titration curve for each of the following.

12.

Adding 100 ml 1.0 M NaOH to

50 mL 1.0 M HCl

13.

Adding 100 ml 1.0 M NaOH to

50 mL 1.0 M HCN

pH

Volume of base added

Volume of base added

14.
Adding 100 ml 0.10 M HCl
50 mL 0.10M NH3

15.
Adding 100 ml .10 M HCl
to 50 mL 0.10 M NaOH

pH

pH

to

Volume of HCl added

Volume of HCl added

Acids Unit Midterm Practice Test

1.

Consider the following:

I
H2CO3 + F- D HCO3- + HF
II
HCO3- + HC2O4- D H2CO3 + C2O42III
HCO3- + H2C6H6O7- D H2CO3 + HC6H5O72The HCO3- is a base in
A.
B.
C.
D.

2.

I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III

Consider the following equilibrium for an indicator:

HInd + H2O D Ind- + H3O+
When a few drops of indicator methyl red are added to 1.0 M HCl, the colour of the resulting
solution is

3.

A.
red and the products are favoured
B.
red and the reactants are favoured
C.
yellow and the products are favoured
D.
yellow and the reactants are favoured
The volume of 0.200 M Sr(OH)2 needed to neutralize 50.0 mL of 0.200 M HI is
A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

10.0 mL
25.0 mL
50.0 mL
100.0 mL

The pOH of 0.050 M HCl is

A.
B.
C.
D.

0.050
1.30
12.70
13.70

5.

The volume of 0.450 M HCl needed to neutralize 40.0 mL of 0.450 M Sr(OH)2 is

6.

A.
18.0 mL
B.
20.0 mL
C.
40.0 mL
D.
80.0 mL
Consider the following
I

H3PO4

II

H2PO4-

III

HPO42-

IV

Which of the above solutions are amphiprotic?

A.
B.
C.
D.
7.

Which of the following solutions will have the largest [H3O+]?

A.
B.
C.
D.

8.

I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III only
II, III, and IV only

1.0 M HNO2
1.0 M HBO3
1.0 M H2C2O4
1.0 M HCOOH

Consider the following:

H2O + 57 kJ D H3O+ + OH-

When the temperature of the system is increased, the equilibrium shifts

9.

A.
left and the Kw increases
B.
left and the Kw decreases
C.
right and the Kw increases
D.
right and the Kw decreases
Normal rainwater has a pH of approximately 6 as a result of dissolved
A.
B.
C.
D.

10.

A 1.0 M solution of sodium dihydrogen phosphate is

A.
B.
C.
D.

11.

oxygen
carbon dioxide
sulphur dioxide
nitrogen dioxide

acidic and the pH < 7.00

acidic and the pH > 7.00
basic and the pH < 7.00
basic and the pH > 7.00

Consider the following equilibrium for an indicator:

HInd + H2O D Ind- + H3O+

PO43-

When a few drops of indicator chlorophenol red are added to a colourless solution of pH 4.0, the
resulting solution is
A.
B.
C.
D.
12.

A Bronsted-Lowry base is defined as a chemical species that

A.
B.
C.
D.

13.

accepts protons
neutralizes acids
donated electrons
produces hydroxides ions in solution

Which of the following solutions will have the greatest electrical conductivity?
A.
B.
C.
D.

14.

red as [HInd] < [Ind-]

red as [HInd] > [Ind-]
yellow as [HInd] < [Ind-]
yellow as [HInd] > [Ind-]

1.0 M HCN
1.0 M H2SO4
1.0 M H3PO4
1.0 M CH3COOH

Consider the following equilibrium: HC6H5O72- + HIO3 D H2C6H5O7- + IO3The order of Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases is
A.
B.
C.
D.

15.

acid, base, acid, base

acid, base, base, acid
base, acid, acid, base
base, acid, base acid

Consider the following: H2O(l) D H+ + OHWhen a small amount of 1.0 M KOH is added to the above system, the equilibrium
A.
B.
C.
D.

16.

shifts left and [H+] decreases

shifts left and [H+] increases
shifts right and [H+] decreases
shifts right and [H+] increases

Which of the following has the highest pH?

A.
B.
C.
D.
17.

In a 100.0 mL sample of 0.0800 M NaOH the [H3O+] is

A.
B.
C.
D.

18.

1.0 M NaIO3
1.0 M Na2CO3
1.0 M Na3PO4
1.0 M Na2SO4

1.25
1.25
8.00
8.00

x
x
x
x

10-13 M
10-12 M
10-3 M
10-2 M

Consider the following:

I

ammonium nitrate

II

calcium nitrate

III

iron III nitrate

When dissolved in water, which of these salts would form a neutral solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

19.

II only
III only
I and III only
I, II, and III

Consider the following: SO42- + HNO2 D HSO4- + NO2Equilibrium would favour the
A.
B.
C.
D.

20.

The net ionic equation for the hydrolysis of Na2CO3 is

A.
B.
C.
D.

21.

the products since HSO4- is a weaker acid than HNO2

the reactants since HSO4- is a weaker acid than HNO2
the products since HSO4- is a stronger acid than HNO2
the reactants since HSO4- is a stronger acid than HNO2

H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O

+
+
+
+

Na+ D NaOH + H+
2Na+ D Na2O + 2H+
CO32- D H2CO3 + O2CO32- D HCO3- + OH-

Consider the following equilibrium: 2H2O(l) D H3O+ + OHA few drops of 1.0 M HCl are added to the above system. When equilibrium is
re-established, the
A.
B.
C.
D.

[H3O+] has increased and the [OH-] has decreased

[H3O+] has increased and the [OH-] has increased
[H3O+] has decreased and the [OH-] has increased
[H3O+] has decreased and the [OH-] has decreased

22.

A basic solution
A.
B.
C.
D.

23.

The balanced formula equation for the neutralization of H2SO4 by KOH is

A.
B.
C.
D.

24.

KOH KSO4 + H2O

KOH K2SO4 + H2O
2KOH K2SO4 + H2O
2KOH K2SO4 + 2H2O

donates protons
donates electrons
produces H+ in solution
produces OH- in solution

acid, base, acid, base.

acid, base, base, acid
base, acid, acid, base
base, acid, base, acid

The equation representing the reaction of ethanoic acid with water is

A.
B.
C.
D.

27.

+
+
+
+

Consider the following equilibrium: HS- + H3PO4 D H2S + H2PO4The order of Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases is
A.
B.
C.
D.

26.

H2SO4
H2SO4
H2SO4
H2SO4

An Arrhenius base is defined as a substance which

A.
B.
C.
D.

25.

tastes sour
feels slippery
does not conduct electricity
reacts with metals to release oxygen gas

CH3COO- + H2O D CH3COOH + OHCH3COO- + H2O D CH3COO2- + H3O+

CH3COOH + H2O D CH3COO- + H3O+
CH3COOH + H2O D CH3COOH2+ + OH-

Consider the following equilibrium: 2H2O + 57kJ D H3O+ + OHWhen the temperature is decreased, the water
A.
B.
C.
D.

28.

stays neutral and the [H3O+] increases

stays neutral and the [H3O+] decreases
becomes basic and [H3O+] decreases
becomes acidic and [H3O+] increases

The equation for the reaction of Cl2O with water is

A.
B.

Cl2O + H2O D 2HClO

Cl2O + H2O D 2ClO + H2

C.
D.
29.

The conjugate acid of C6H50- is

A.
B.
C.
D.

30.

a lower pH than a solution of 1.0 M HCl

a higher pOH than a solution of 1.0 M HCl
a higher [OH-] than a solution of 1.0 M HCl
a higher [H3O+] than a solution of 1.0 M HCl

Which of the following is the weakest acid

A.
B.
C.
D.

33.

1.0 M HCl
1.0 M HNO2
1.0 M H3BO3
1.0 M HCOOH

A solution of 1.0 M HF has

A.
B.
C.
D.

32.

C6H4OC6H5OH
C6H4O2C6H5OH+

Which of the following solutions will have the greatest electrical conductivity?
A.
B.
C.
D.

31.

Cl2O + H2O D Cl2 + H2O2

Cl2O + H2O D Cl2 + O2 + H2

HIO3
HCN
HNO3
C6H5COOH

Considering the following data

H3AsO4
Ka = 5.0 x 10-5
H2AsO4Ka = 8.0 x 10-8
2HAsO4
Ka = 6.0 x 10-10
The Kb value for H2AsO4- is
A.
B.
C.
D.

34.

2.0
8.0
1.2
1.7

x
x
x
x

10-10
10-8
10-7
10-5

In a solution at 25oC, the [H3O+] is 3.5 x 10-6 M. The [OH-] is

A.
B.
C.
D.

3.5
2.9
1.0
3.5

x
x
x
x

10-20 M
10-9 M
10-7 M
10-6 M

35.

In a solution with a pOH of 4.22, the [OH-] is

A.
B.
C.
D.

1.7
6.0
6.3
1.7

10-10 M
10-5 M
10-1 M
104 M

x
x
x
x

36.

An aqueous solution of NH4CN is

37.

A.
basic because Ka < Kb
B.
basic because Ka > Kb
C.
acidic because Ka < Kb
D.
acidic because Ka > Kb
The net ionic equation for the predominant hydrolysis reaction of KHSO4 is
A.
B.
C.
D.

38.

The [OH-] in an aqueous solution always equals

A.
B.
C.
D.

39.

41.

5.58
1.79
5.58
5.97

x
x
x
x

10-15 M
10-14 M
10-1 M
10-1 M

The equilibrium expression for the hydrolysis reaction of 1.0 M K2HPO4 is

A.

[H2PO4-][OH-]
[HPO42-]

B.

[H3PO4][OH-]
[H2PO4-]

C.

[K+] [KHPO4-]
[K2HPO4]

D.

[K+]2 [HPO42-]
[K2HPO4]

The solution with the highest pH is

A.
B.
C.
D.

42.

Kw x [H3O+]
Kw - [H3O+]
Kw/[H3O+]
[H3O+]/Kw

The [H3O+] in a solution with pOH of 0.253 is

A.
B.
C.
D.

40.

HSO4- + H2O D SO42- + H3O+

HSO4- + H2O D H2SO4 + OHKHSO4 + H2O D K+ + SO42- + H3O+
KHSO4 + H2O D K+ + H2SO4 + OH-

1.0 M NaCl
1.0 M NaCN
1.0 M NaIO3
1.0 M Na2SO4

The pH of 100.0 mL of 0.0050 M NaOH is

A.
B.
C.
D.

43.

2.30
3.30
10.70
11.70

Consider the following equilibrium for an indicator: HInd + H2O D Ind- + H3O+
At the transition point,
A.
B.
C.
D.

[HInd]
[HInd]
[HInd]
[HInd]

>
=
<
=

[Ind-]
[Ind-]
[Ind-]
[H3O+]

Acids Unit Midterm Practice Test

1.

Subjective

a)
Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between NaHSO3 and
NaHC2O4.

b)

Explain why the reactants are favoured in the above reaction.

2.

What is the [H3O+] in a solution formed by adding 60.0 mL of water to 40.0 mL

of 0.400 M KOH?

3.

A solution of 0.100 M HOCN has a pH of 2.24. Calculate the Ka value for the acid.

4.

Calculate the pH in 100.0 mL 0.400 M H3BO3.

5.

Calculate the pH of the solution formed by mixing 20.0 mL of 0.500 M HCl with 30.0 mL of
0.300 M NaOH.

6.

a)

Write the balanced equation representing the reaction of HF with H2O.

b)

Identify the Bronsted-Lowry bases in the above equation.

7.

Consider the following data:

Barbituric acid
Sodium propanoate
Propanoic acid

HC4H3N2O3
NaC3H5O2
HC3H5O2

Ka = 9.8 x 10-5
Kb = 7.5 x 10-10
Ka = ?

Which is the stronger acid, propanoic acid or babituric acid? Explain using

calculations.

8.

A solution of 0.0100 M lactic acid, HC3H5O3, has a pH of 2.95. Calculate the Ka value.

9.

a)
Write equations showing the amphiprotic nature of water as it reacts with
HCO3-.

b)

10.

Calculate the [H3O+] in 0.550 M C6H5COOH.

Quiz #1
1.

Calculate the Kb for HCO3-.

Properties of Acids, Bases, Salts, Arrhenius Bronsted Acids, Ka, Strength

Drano, a commercial product used to clean drains, contains small bits of aluminum metal and
A.
B.

ammonia
acetic acid

C.
D.
2.

A net ionic equation for the reaction between CH3COOH and KOH is
A.
B.
C.
D.

3.

Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) PbCl2(s)

HCl(aq) + NH3(aq) NH4Cl(aq)
BaI2(aq) + MgSO4(aq) BaSO4(s) + MgI2(aq)
MnO4-(aq) + 5Fe2+(aq) +8H+(aq) Mn2+(aq) + 5Fe3+(aq) + 4H2O(l)

An Arrhenius acid is a substance that

A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

CH3COOH(aq) + K+(aq) CH3COOK(aq)

CH3COOH(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l) + CH3COO-(aq)
CH3COOH(aq) + KOH(aq) H2O(l) + CH3COOK(aq)
CH3COOH(aq) + K+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l) + KCH3COO(aq)

Which equation represents a neutralization reaction?

A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

hydrochloric acid
sodium hydroxide

accepts a proton
donates a proton
produces H+ in solution
produces OH- in solution

Consider the following data table:

Breaker
Volume
Contents
1
15 mL
0.1 M Sr(OH)2
2
20 mL
0.2 M NH4OH
3
25 mL
0.1 M KOH
4
50 mL
0.2 M NaOH
Identify the beaker that requires the smallest volume of 1.0 M HCl for complete neutralization

6.

A.
Beaker 1
B.
Beaker 2
C.
Beaker 3
D.
Beaker 4
The net ionic equation for the titration of HClO4(aq) with LiOH(aq) is
A.
B.
C.
D.

7.

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l)

HClO4(aq) + OH-(aq) ClO4-(aq) + H2O(l)
HClO4(aq) + LiOH(aq) LiClO4(aq) + H2O(l)
H+(aq) + ClO4-(aq) + Li+(aq) + OH-(aq) LiClO4(aq) + H2O(l)

The equilibrium constant expression for a sulphurous acid is

A

Ka = [H+][HSO3-]

B.

Ka = [H+][HSO3-]
[H2SO3]

C.

Ka = [2H+][SO32-]
[H2SO3]
Ka = [H+][SO32-]
[H2SO3]

D.
8.

To distinguish between a strong acid and a strong base, an experimenter could use
A.
B.
C.
D.

9.

10.

How many acids from the list below are known to be weak acids?
HCl,
HF, H2SO3, H2SO4, HNO3,
HNO2
A.
2
B.
3
C.
4
D.
5
There are two beakers on a laboratory desk. One beaker contains 1.0 M HCl and the other contains
tap water. To distinguish the acid solution from the water, one would use
A.
B.
C.
D.

11.

fertilizers
beverages
toothpaste
oven cleaners

Which of the following is the strongest acid?

A.
B.
C.
D.

13.

a piece of copper.
a piece of magnesium
phenolphthalein indicator
a piece or red litmus paper

Caustic soda, NaOH, is found in

A.
B.
C.
D.

12.

odor
magnesium
a conductivity test
the common ion test

Acetic acid
Oxalic acid
Benzoic acid
Carbonic acid

The acid used in the lead-acid storage battery is

A.
B.

HCl
HNO3

C.
D.
Quiz #2
1.

2 only
3 only
1 and 2
2 and 3

The net ionic equation for the neutralization of HBr by Ca(OH)2 is

A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

C6H5O73HC6H5O72H2C6H5O7
H3C6H5O7

Which one of the following substances is/are amphiprotic?

(1) H3PO4
(2) H2PO4(3) HPO42A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

HS- and S2SO4 2-and S2HS- and HSO4SO42- and HSO4-

The conjugate acid of H2C6H5O-7 is

A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

taste
touch
litmus paper
electrical conductivity

Identify the two substances that act as Bronsted-Lowry bases in the equation
HS- + SO42- S2- + HSO4A.
B.
C.
D.

3.

Conjugates, Amphiprotic, Arrhenius, Bronsted Bases, Kb, & Strength

A test that could be safely used to distinguish a strong base from a weak base is
A.
B.
C.
D.

2.

H2SO4
CH3COOH

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l)

Ca2+(aq) + 2Br-(aq) CaBr2(s)
2HBr(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) 2H2O(l) + CaBr2(s)
2H+(aq) + 2Br -(aq) + Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) 2H2O(l) + Ca2+(aq) + 2Br -(aq)

If reactants are favored in the following equilibrium, the stronger base must be
HCN + HS - H2S + CN A.
B.
C.
D.

H2S
HSCNHCN

7.

The hydronium ion, H3O+ is a water molecule that has

A.
B.
C.
D.

8.

The complete ionic equation for the neutralization of acetic acid by sodium hydroxide is
A.
B.
C.
D.

9.

H+ + OH- H2O
CH3COOH + OH- CH3COO- + H2O
CH3COOH + NaOH NaCH3COOH + H2O
CH3COOH + Na+ + OH- Na+ + CH3COO- + H2O

In the following Bronsted Lowry acid-base equation:

NH4+ (aq) + H2O(l) NH3(aq) + H3O+(aq)
The stronger base is
A.
B.
C.
D.

10.

lost a proton
gained a proton
gained a neutron
gained an electron

NH4+
H2O
NH3
H3O+

Consider the following equilibrium system:

OCl-(aq) + HC7H5O2(aq) HOCl(aq) + C7H5O2-(aq)

Keq= 2.1 x 103

At Equilibrium
A.
B.
C.
D.
11.

products are favored and HOCl is the stronger acid

reactants are favored and HOCl is the stronger acid
products are favored and HC7H5O2 is the stronger acid
reactants are favored and HC7H5O2 is the stronger acid

In the equilibrium system

H2BO3- (aq) + HCO3-(aq) H2CO3(aq) + HBO32-(aq)
The two species acting as Bronsted-Lowry acids are
A.
B.
C.
D.

12.

HCO3- and H2CO3

H2BO3- and H2CO3
HCO3- and HBO32H2BO3- and HBO32-

Consider the following equilibrium HS- + H2C2O4 HC2O4- + H2S

The stronger acid is

A.
B.
C.
D.
Quiz #3

HSH2C2O4
HC2O4H2S
Leveling effect, Anhydrides, Hydrolysis, Relationships

1.

Which of the following oxides will form the most acidic solution?

2.

A.
SO2
B.
MgO
C.
Na2O
D.
Al2O3
Which one of the following salts will produce an acidic solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

3.

The balanced equation for the reaction between sodium oxide and water is
A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

NO
SO2
Cl2O
Na2O

The approximate pH of normal rainwater is

A.
B.
C.
D.

7.

methane
carbon dioxide
sulphur dioxide
nitrogen dioxide

Which of the following oxides would hydrolyze to produce hydroxide ions?

A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

Na2O + H2O 2NaOH

Na2O + H2O 2NaH + O2
Na2O + H2O 2Na + H2O2
Na2O + H2O 2Na + H2 +O2

Normal rainwater is slightly acidic due to the presence of dissolved

A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

KBr
LiCN
NH4Cl
NaCH3COO

0
6
7
8

Which of the following oxides would hydrolyze to produce hydronium ions?

A.
B.
C.
D.

8.

Which of the following gasses results in the formation of acid rain?

A.
B.
C.
D.

9.

H+
O2H2O
H3O+

Which of the following 0.10 M solutions will have the greatest electrical conductivity?
A.
B.
C.
D.

12.

acid + base acid + base

acid + base base + acid
base + acid base + acid
base + acid acid + base

The conjugate acid of OH- is

A.
B.
C.
D.

11.

H2
O3
SO2
NH3

Consider the following acid base solution

HSO3- + HF H2SO3 + FThe order of Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases in this equation is
A.
B.
C.
D.

10.

CaO
SO2
MgO
Na2O

HF
NH3
NaOH
C6H5COOH

The amphiprotic ion HSeO3- can undergo hydrolysis according to the following equations
HSeO3- + H2O H2SeO3 + OHHSeO3- + H2O SeO32-+ H3O+

K1
K2

An aqueous solution of HSeO3- is found to be acidic. This observation indicates that when it is
added to water, HSeO3- behaves mainly as a
A.

proton donor, and K1 is less than K2

B.
C.
D.
13.

proton donor, and K1 is greater than K2

proton acceptor, and K1 is less than K2
proton acceptor, and K1 is greater than K2

The Kb expression for HPO42- is

A. [PO43-][H3O+]
[HPO42-]

B. [HPO42-][OH-]
[H2PO4-]

C. [H2PO4-][OH-]
[HPO42-]

D. [HPO42-][ H3O+]
[PO43-]

Quiz #4
1.

2.

Anhydrides, Hydrolysis

Which of the following pairs of gases are primarily responsible for producing acid rain?
A.
O2 and O3
B.
N2 and O2
C.
CO and CO2
D.
NO2 and SO2
Sodium potassium tartrate (NaKC4H4O6) is used to raise the pH of fruit during processing. In this
process, sodium potassium tartrate is being used as a/an
A.
B.
C.
D.

salt
acid
base
buffer

3.

The net ionic equation for the hydrolysis of the salt, Na2S is
A.
Na2S 2Na+ + S2B.
S2- + H2O OH- + HSC.
Na2S + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2S
D.
2Na+ + S2- + 2H2O 2Na+ + 2OH- + H2S

4.

Which of the following solutions would be acidic?

A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

6.

sodium acetate
iron III chloride
sodium carbonate
potassium chloride

Consider the following salts: I. NaF

II. NaClO4
III. NaHSO4
Which of these salts, when dissolved in water, would form a basic solution?
A.
I only
B.
I and II only
C.
II and III only
D.
I, II and III
Which of the following, when dissolved in water, forms a basic solution?
A.

KCl

B.
C.
D.
7.

Which of the following oxides forms a basic solution?

A.
B.
C.
D.

8.

12.

A salt and a water

A base and an acid
A metallic oxide and water
A non-metallic oxide and water

Consider the following equilibrium:

CH3COOH(aq) + NH3(aq) CH3COO- (aq) + NH4+(aq)
The sequence of Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases in the above equilibrium equation is
A.
acid, base, base, acid
B.
acid, base, acid, base
C.
base, acid, base, acid
D.
base, acid, acid, base
The pH range of acid rain is often
A.
B.
C.
D.

13.

Kb for H2S
Ka for H2S
Kb for HSKa for HS-

The reaction of a strong acid with a strong base produces

A.
B.
C.
D.

11.

SO2
SO32HSO3H2SO3

Consider the following equilibrium expression

K= [H2S][OH-]
[HS-]
This expression represents the
A.
B.
C.
D.

10.

K2O
CO2
SO3
NO2

Which of the following is amphiprotic in water?

A.
B.
C.
D.

9.

NaClO4
Na2CO3
NH4NO3

3 to 6
6 to 8
7 to 9
10 to 12

Water will act as a Bronsted-Lowry acid with

14.

A.
NH3
B.
H2S
C.
HCN
D.
HNO3
Which of the following is a conjugate acid-base pair?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Quiz #5
1.

14.0
11.0
6.0
3.0

The pH of an aqueous solution is 4.32. The [OH-] is

A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

H2O + H2O 2H2 + O2

H2O + H2O H2O2 + H2
H2O + H2O 4H+ + 2O2H2O + H2O H3O+ +OH-

The pH of a 0.3 M solution of NH3 is approximately

A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

H2S
HNO2
HNO3
H3BO3

At 25oC, the equation representing the ionization of water is

A
B.
C.
D.

3.

pH calculations for Strong and Weak Acids

The 1.0 M acidic solution with the highest pH is

A.
B
C.
D.

2.

H3PO4 and PO43H2PO4- and PO43H3PO4 and HPO42H2PO4- and HPO42-

6.4 x 10-1 M
4.8 x 10-5 M
2.1 x 10-10 M
1.6 x 10-14 M

The pH of an aqueous solution is 10.32. The [OH-] is

A.
B.
C.
D.

5.0 x 10-12 M
2.0 x 10-11 M
4.8 x 10-11 M
2.1 x 10-4 M

6.

The pH of a 0.025 M HClO4 solution is

A.
B.
C.
D.

7.

Consider the following equilibrium: H2O(l) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)

The equilibrium constant for this system is referred to as
A.
B.
C.
D.

8.

1
3
11
13

The [OH-] is greater than the [H3O+] in

A.
B.
C.
D.

12.

-1
0
1
7

The approximate pH of a 0.06 M solution of CH3COOH is

A.
B.
C.
D.

11.

4.0 x 10-14 M
2.2 x 10-1 M
2.5 x 10-1 M
6.0 x 10-1 M

A solution is prepared by adding 100 mL of 10 M of HCl to a 1 litre volumetric flask and filling it
to the mark with water. The pH of this solution is
A.
B.
C.
D.

10.

Kw
Ka
Kb
Ksp

The [H3O+] in a solution of pH = 0.60 is

A.
B.
C.
D.

9.

0.94
1.60
12.40
13.06

HCl(aq)
NH3(aq)
H2O(aq)
CH3COOH(aq)

The pH of 0.15 M HCl is

A.
B.
C.

0.15
0.71
0.82

D.
13.

Which of the following equations correctly relates pH and [H3O+]?

A.
B.
C.
D.

14.

Quiz #6

5.0 x 10-16 M
1.0 x 10-14 M
2.0 x 10-13 M
5.0 x 10-2 M

Kas from pH

1.3 x 10-12
6.3 x 10-8
1.6 x 10-7
7.1 x 10-3

What volume of 0.100 M NaOH is required to neutralize a 10.0 mL sample of 0.200 M H2SO4?
A.
B.
C.
D.

3.

Kbs from Kas

The Kb for the dihydrogen phosphate ion is

A.
B.
C.
D.

2.

0.20
0.63
0.70
1.58

The [OH-] in 0.050 M HNO3 at 25oC is

A.
B.
C.
D.

1.

pH= log [H3O+]

pH= 14 - [H3O+]
pH= -log [H3O+]
pH= pKw [H3O+]

The pH of 0.20 M HNO3 is

A.
B.
C.
D.

15.

13.18

5.0 mL
10.0 mL
20.0 mL
40.0 mL

Consider the following equilibriums:

I
II
III

HCO3- + H2O H2CO3 + OHNH4+ + H2O H3O+ + NH3

HSO3- + H3O+ H2O + H2SO3

Water acts as a Bronsted-Lowry base in

A.
B.
C.
D.

III only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III

4.

Which of the following is represented by a Kb expression?

A.
Al(OH)3(s) Al3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq)
B.
HF(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + F-(aq)
C.
Cr2O72-(aq) + 2OH-(aq) 2CrO42-(aq) + H2O(l)
D.
CH3NH2(aq) + H2O(l) CH3NH3+ (aq) + OH-(aq)

5.

A student combines 0.25 mol of NaOH and 0.20 mol of HCl in water to make 2.0 liters of
solution. The pH of the solution is

6.

A.
1.3
B.
1.6
C.
12.4
D.
12.7
If OH- is added to a solution, the [H3O+] will
A.
B.
C.
D.

7.

Remain constant
Adjust such that [H3O+]= [OH-]
Kw
Increase such that [H3O+][OH-] = Kw
Decrease such that [H3O+][OH-] = Kw

In a titration, 10.0 mL of H2SO4(aq) is required to neutralize 0.0400 mol of NaOH.

From this data, the [H2SO4] is
A.
B.
C.
D.

8.

Consider the following equilibrium for an acid-base indicator:

Hlnd H+ + IndKa = 1.0 x 10-10
Which of the following statements is correct at pH 7.0?
A.
B.
C.
D.

9.

0.0200 M
2.00 M
4.00 M
8.00 M

[Ind-] < [HInd]

[Ind-] = [HInd]
[Ind-] > [HInd]
[Ind-] = [H+] = [HInd]

Which of the following indicators would be yellow at pH 7 and blue at pH 10?

A.
B.
C.
D.

thymol blue
methyl violet
bromthymol blue
bromcresol green

10.

Consider the following equilibrium for phenolphthalein: HInd H+ + IndWhen phenolphthalein is added to 1.0 M NaOH, the color of the resulting solution is
A.
B.
C.
D.

11.

Water acts as a base when it reacts with

A.
B.
C.
D.

12.

CNNH3
NO2NH4+

What is the pH of a solution prepared by adding 0.50 mol KOH to 1.0 L of

0.30 M HNO3?
A.
B.
C.
D.

13.

pink as [HInd] is less than [Ind-]

pink as [HInd] is greater than [Ind-]
colorless as [HInd] is less than [Ind-]
colorless as [HInd] is greater than [Ind-]

0.20
0.70
13.30
13.80

The 1.0 M acid solution with the largest [H3O+] is

A.
B.
C.
D.

HNO2
H2SO3
H2CO3
H3BO3

Quiz #7 pH for Weak bases, pH Relationships, Amphiprotic

Calculations
1.

In water, the hydrogen sulphide ion, HPO42-, will act as

A.
B.
C.
D.

Acid
X
Y

pH
4.0
2.0

An acid because Ka < Kb

An acid because Ka > Kb
A base because Ka < Kb
A base because Ka > Kb

2.
A student records the pH of 1.0 M solution of two acids. Which of the following statements can
be concluded from the above data?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Acid X is stronger than acid Y

Acid X and acid Y are both weak
Acid X is diprotic while acid Y is monoprotic
Acid X is 100 times more concentrated than acid Y

3.

When added to water, the hydrogen carbonate ion, HCO3-, produces a solution, which is
A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

basic because Kb is greater than Ka

basic because Ka is greater than Kb
acidic because Ka is greater than Kb
acidic because Kb is greater than Ka

The concentration, Ka and pH values of four acids are given in the following table
ACID Concentration
HA
HB
HC
HD

3.0 M
0.7 M
4.0 M
1.5 M

Ka

pH

2.0 x 10-5
4.0 x 10-5
1.0 x 10-5
1.3 x 10-5

2.1
2.3
2.2
2.4

Based on this data, the strongest acid is

A.
B.
C.
D.
5.

Which of the following 0.10 M solutions is the most acidic?

A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

AlCl3
FeCl3
CrCl3
NH4Cl

Which of the following acid-base indicators has a transition point between pH 7 and pH 9?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Quiz #8
1.

HA
HB
HC
HD

Ethyl red, Ka = 8 x 10-2

Congo red, Ka = 9.0 x 10-3
Cresol red, Ka = 1.0 x 10-8
Alizarin blue, Ka = 7.0 x 10-11
Buffers and Indicators

Consider the following acid solutions:

I. H2CO3
II. HClO4
III. HF
Which of the above acids would form a buffer solution when its conjugate base is added?
A.
B.
C.

I only
II only
I and III only

D.

Solution
Colour

I, II, and III only

1.0 M HCl
Yellow

1.0 M HAl
Blue

1.0 M HA2
Yellow

2.

Consider the following base indicator:

HInd H+ + IndWhen the indicator is added to different solutions, the following data are obtained:

The acids HAl, HA2, and HInd listed in the order of decreasing acid strength is
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.

Which of the following compounds, when added to a solution of ammonium nitrate, will result in
the formation of a buffer solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

HI + H2O H3O+ + IHCl + H2O H3O + ClHCN + H2O H3O+ + CNHClO4 + H2O H3O + ClO4-

Consider the following equilibrium:

HF(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + F-(aq)
The above system will behave as a buffer when the [F-] is approximately equal to
A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

Ammonia
Nitric acid
Sodium nitrate
Ammonium chloride

Which of the following represents a buffer equilibrium?

A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

HA2, HInd, HAl

HInd, HAl, HA2
HA2, HAl, HInd
HAl, HInd, HA2

Ka
[HF]
[H2O]
[H3O+]

A basic buffer solution can be prepared by mixing equal numbers of moles of

A.
B.
C.
D.
Quiz #9

NH4CL and HCl

NaCl and NaOH
Na2CO3 and NaHCO3
NaCH3COOH and CH3COOH
Titrations and Titration Curves

1.

Which of the following indicators would be used when titrating a weak acid with a strong base?
A.
B.
C.
D.

2.

Which of the following acid-base pairs would result in an equivalence point with pH greater than
7.0?
A.
B.
C.
D.

3.

0.114 M HCl
6.00 M HNO3
0.105 M NaOH
0.100 M CH3COOH

Consider the following 0.100 M solutions I. H2SO4

II. HCl
III. HF
The equivalence point is reached when 10.00 mL of 0.100 NaOH has been added to 10.00 mL of
solution(s)
A.
B.
C.
D.

14125.
108642-

HCl and LiOH

HNO3 and NH3
HClO4 and NaOH
CH3COOH and KOH

Which of the following standardized solutions should a chemist select when titrating a 25.00 mL
sample of 0.1 M NH3, using methyl red as an indicator?
A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

Methyl red
Methyl violet
Indigo carmine
Phenolphthalein

II only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II and III

Which pair of 0.10 M solutions would result in the above titration curve?
A.
B.
C.
D.
6.

A suitable indicator for the above titration is

A.
B.
C.
D.

7.

HF and KOH
HCl and NH3
H2S and NaOH
HNO3 and KOH

Methyl violet
Alizarin yellow
Thymolphthalein
Bromcresol green

The pH scale is
A.
B.
C.
D.

8.
12108642-

direct
inverse
logarithmic
exponential

Which of the following indicators should be used in the titration represented by the above titration
curve?
A.
B.
C.
D.
9.

Which of the following indicators should be used when 1.0 M HNO2 is titrated with NaOH(aq)?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10.

Review

How many moles of Mg(OH)2 are required to neutralize 30.00 mL of 0.150 M HCl?
A.
B.
C.
D.

2.

125 mL
150 mL
250 mL
500mL

Which of the following pairs of substances form a buffer system for human blood?
A.
HCl and ClB.
NH3 and NH2C.
H2CO3 and HCO3D.
H2C6H5O7 and HC6H5O72-

Quiz #10
1.

0.150 M NaOH
0.001 M NaOH
3.00 M NaOH
6.00 M NaOH

What volume of 0.250 M H2SO4 is required to neutralize 25.00 mL of 2.50 M KOH?

A.
B.
C.
D.

12.

Methyl red
Thymol blue
Methyl orange
Indigo carmine

Which of the following solutions should be used when titrating a 25.00 mL sample of CH3COOH
that is approximately 0.1 M?
A.
B.
C.
D.

11.

Orange IV
Methyl red
Phenolphthalein
Alizarin yellow

2.25 x 10-3 mol

4.50 x 10-3 mol
5.00 x 10-3 mol
9.00 x 10-3 mol

The approximate Ka for the indicator phenolphthalein is

A.

6 x 10-19

B.
C.
D.
3.

A new indicator, B.C. Blue (HInd), is red in bases and blue in acids. Describe the shift in
equilibrium and the resulting color change if 1.0 M HIO3 is added to a neutral, purple solution of
this indicator: HInd + H2O H3O+ + IndA.
B
C.
D.

4.

Equilibrium shifts left, and colour becomes red

Equilibrium shifts left, and colour becomes blue
Equilibrium shifts right, and colour becomes red
Equilibrium shifts right, and colour becomes blue

Which one of the following combinations would act as an acid buffer?

A.
B.
C.
D.

HCl and NaOH

KOH and KBr
NH3 and NH4Cl
CH3COOH and NaCH3COO

What is the pH at the transition point of an indicator if its Ka is 7.9 x 10-3?

5.

A.
B.
C.
D.
6.

0.98
2.10
7.00
11.90

Which of the following pH curves best represents the titration of sodium hydroxide with
hydrochloric acid?
B
.

A.
7

C.

D.
7

7.

8 x 10-10
6 x 10-8
2 x 10-2

A student prepares a buffer by placing ammonium chloride in a solution of ammonia. Equilibrium

is established according to the equation: NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OHWhen a small amount of base is added to the buffer, the base reacts with

A.
B.
C.
D.
8.

At the equivalence point in a titration involving 1.0 M solutions, which of the following
combinations would have the lowest conductivity?
A.
B.
C.
D.

9.

Products are favored and the stronger acid is HInd

Products are favored and the stronger acid is HCN
Reactants are favored and the stronger acid is HInd
Reactants are favored and the stronger acid is HCN

The indicator methyl red is red in a solution of NaH2PO4. Which of the following equations is
consistent with this observation?
A.
B.
C.
D.

11.

Nitric acid and barium hydroxide

Acetic acid and sodium hydroxide
Sulphuric acid and barium hydroxide
Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide

An indicator HInd produces a yellow colour in 0.1 M HCl solution and a red colour in 0.1 M HCN
solution. Therefore, the following equilibrium:
HCN + Ind- HInd + CNA.
B.
C.
D.

10.

NH3 and the pH decreases

NH4+ and the pH decreases
NH3 to keep the pH relatively constant
NH4+ to keep the pH relatively constant

H2PO4- + H2O HPO42- + H3O+

H2PO4- + H2O H3PO4 + OHHPO42- + H2O PO43- + H3O+
HPO42- + H2O H2PO4- + OH-

Consider the following acid-base indicator equilibrium:

HInd(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) Ind-(aq)
Which of the following statements describes the conditions that exist in an indicator equilibrium
system at its transition point?
A.
B.
C.
D.

12.

[HInd] = [Ind-]
[Ind-] = [H3O+]
[HInd] = [H3O+]
[H3O+] = [H2O]

Which of the following titrations would have an equivalence point less that pH 7?
A.
B.
C.
D.

NH3 and HCl

NaOH and HNO3
Ba(OH)2 and H2SO4
KOH and CH3COOH

Web Review of Acids

1.

List five properties of:

a)

acids

b)

bases

2.

What ion is produced when an acid reacts with water? A base?

3.

Define:
Conjugate
Arhenius strong acid
Bronsted weak acid
Bronsted strong base
Ionization of water
Equivalence point
Transition point
Buffer

Hydrolysis.
4.

Identify the acids or bases in the following equation. Are the reactants or products favoured?
HC03- + HF H2CO3 + F-

5.

Classify each compound as a strong or weak acid or base; acidic or basic anhydride; acidic, basic,
or neutral salt; or buffer system. Write an equation to show how each reacts with water.

NH3

AlCl3

H2CO3

HClO4

KCN

NH4Cl

KOH

SO2

NaF

HCl

NaI

K2O

NaOH

CO2

NH3 and NH4Cl

NaCH3COO and CH3COOH

6.

H+is short for _______.

7.

Determine the conjugates for each of the bases.

CN-

8.

NH3

F-

OH-

Co(H2O)5(OH)2+

Determine the conjugates for each of the acids.

HF

HCN

Al(H2O)63+

NH4+

HPO42-

9.

Describe a strong and weak acid as well as a strong and weak base in terms of each of the
following:
strong acid

weak acid

strong base

weak base

Conductivity
Size of Ka
Size of Kb
Degree of Ionization
pH.
10.

Why is the strongest acid in water H3O+? Explain!

11.

Why is the strongest base in water OH-? Explain!

12.

Which has the higher pH H2S03 or H3BO3? Explain!

13.

Which has the higher pH NaCN or NaF? Explain!

14.

A buffer has a pH of 9.00. 2 drops of a dilute strong acid are added. Estimate how the pH changes?

15.

a) Complete the chart by indicating the pairs required to make buffer solutions. For example HCN
(weak acid) and NaCN (salt containing the conjugate of the weak acid) will make a buffer
solution. b) Write an equation the describes the equilibrium for each buffer. c) Circle the formulas
that have high concentrations.

Weak Acid or Base

Salt

HF
NaCH3COO
NH3
NaCN
H2CO3
KH2PO4
HCH3COO
16.

Match each equation with its type:

Acid/base formula equation

F- + HOH(l) HF + OH-

Acid/base net ionic equation

HCl + NaOH NaCl + HOH(l)

Solubility product ionization equation

H+ + OH- HOH(l)

Hydrolysis of a weak acid

AgCl(s) Ag+ + Cl-

Hydrolysis of a weak base

H20(l) H+ + OH-

Ionization of water

NH4+ + H20 NH3 + H3O+

17.

Write the equilibrium expressions for each of the above equations except for the second and third
reactions.

18.

A student tested the electrical conductivity of two acid solutions. One solution was a strong acid
and the other a weak acid. Both solutions had the same conductivity. Explain how this could be
possible.

19.

Describe in terms of hydrolysis how NaCH3COO can be added to potato chips in order to produce
the vinegar flavour.

20.

Describe what happens to the H+ and the OH- when the pH increases by 2 units.

21.

Describe two gases responsible for acid rain. Write equations to show how they react with water.
What gas naturally lowers the pH of normal rain?

22.

Complete the following reaction using a formula equation, complete ionic quation and net ionic
equation. H2C2O4 + NaOH

23.

Write the equilibrium expression for phosphoric acid in water.

24.

a) An indicator HInd is red in acid and blue in base. Write the equation for the indicator and explain the
colours.
b) What is true at the transition point?
c)What is the color of this indicator in a solution of AlCl3?
d) In the above solution, what is larger [HInd] or [Ind-] ?
e) Calculate the Ka for Phenolphthalein.
f) What indicator has a Ka of approximately 1.0 X 10-10?

25.

Give an example of a monoprotic, diprotic, and triprotic acid. Write an equation for each to show
how they ionize in water.

26.

Give the approximate pH of the equivalence for each titration. Choose an appropriate indicator.

Acid

Base

HCl

NaOH

pH of Equivalence Point Indicator

H2SO4 NH3
HF

KOH

27.

Which of the following will have the lowest pH?

HCLO HClO2 HClO3 HClO4

28.

Pick the formulae that are amphiprotic.

H2SO4 H20

F-

HCO3-

CO3-2 KOH H2PO4- HPO4-2

CALCULATIONS
1.

Calculate the quantities required to complete the table. In the first row write the general equations
for each quantity. Watch your significant figures.

[H+] =
[H+]

[OH-] =

pH =

[OH-]

pH

5.0 x 10-3 M
1.3 x 105
M

pOH =
pOH

Acid/base/neutral

3.1
2.508
neutral (2sig figs)

2.

What volume of 0.20 M H2SO4 is needed to neutralize 50.00 ml 0.30M NaOH?

3.

What mass of NaF is required to prepare 100.0 ml of 0.300 M solution?

4.

35.5 mL of 0.300 M NaOH is required to neutralize 10.0 mL of H2SO4. What is the acid
concentration?

5.

100.0 mL of .200 M HCl is mixed with 120.0 mL of 0.200M NaOH. Calculate the pH of the
resulting solution.

6.

Calculate the Ka for phenolphthalein.

7.

The Ksp of AgOH is 6.8 x 10-12. Calculate the pH.

8.

The OH- concentration in 0.10M NaCN is 2.7 x 10-6 M. Calculate the Kb from this information
only.

9.

Calculate the pH for 0.20 M HCl.

10.

Calculate the pH for 0.10M Ba(OH)2.

11.

Calculate the pH for 0.40 M HCN.

12.

Calculate the pH for 0.40 M Na2CO3.

13.

What is the pH for 0.30 M NaCl?

14.

Calculate the pH of 0.20 M NH3.

15.

Calculate the pH of 0.20 M NH4Cl.

16.

Show by calculation if H2PO4- is an acid or base (compare the Kb and Ka).

17.

Calculate the pH of a saturated solution of Mg(OH)2 if the Ksp is 1.2 X 10-11.

18.

A 0.50 M NH3 solution is found to have a OH- concentration of 1.86 x 10-3 M. Using this data
only calculate the Kb.

19.

A 0.18 M acid HX has a pH of 2.40. What is the Ka?

20.

The following data were recorded when 25.00 mL of H2SO4 were titrated with 0.1030 M NaOH.
The volumes of NaOH used in three runs were: 46.06 mL, 44.52 mL, 44.54 mL. Calculate the acid
concentration.

21.

The following data were recorded when 10.00ml of NaOH were titrated with 0.1030M H2SO4. The
volumes of H2SO4 used in three runs were: 12.55 mL, 12.55 mL, 12.10 mL. Calculate the base
concentration.

Acids Practice Test # 1

1.

An equation representing the reaction of a weak acid with water is

HCl + H2O H3O+ + ClNH3 + H2O NH4+ + OHHCO3- H2O H2CO3 + OHHCOOH + H2O H3O+ + HCOO-

A.
B.
C.
D.
2.

3.

The equilibrium expression for the ion product constant of water is

A.

Kw = [H3O+][OH-]
[H2O]

B.

Kw = [H3O+]2[O2]

C.

Kw = [H3O+][OH-]

D.

Kw = [H3O+]2[O2-]

Consider the following graph for the titration of 0.1 M NH3 with 1.0 M HCl.

pH

14

Volume HCl added

I

II

III

IV

A buffer solution is present at point

A.
B.
C.
D.
4.

Consider the following equilibrium system for an indicator: HInd + H2O H3O+ + IndWhich two species must be of two different colours in order to be used as an indicator?
A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

HBr with NH3

HNO2 with KOH
HCl with Na2CO3
HNO3 with NaOH

An Arrhenius acid is defined as a chemical species that

A.
B.
C.
D.

9.

6.00 x 10-3 M
6.00 x 10-2 M
1.20 x 10-1 M
2.4 x 10-1 M

Which of the following titrations will have the highest pH at the equivalence point?
A.
B.
C.
D.

8.

methyl red
phenol red
thymol blue
methyl violet

A sample containing 1.20 x 10-2 mole HCl is completely neutralized by 100.0 mL of Sr(OH)2.
What is the [Sr(OH)2]?
A.
B.
C.
D.

7.

HInd and H2O

HInd and IndH3O+ and IndHind and H3O+

Which of the following indicators is yellow at pH 10.0?

A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

I
II
III
IV

is a proton donor.
is a proton acceptor.
produces hydrogen ions in solution.
produces hydroxide ions in solution.

Consider the following acid-base equilibrium system:

HC2O4- + H2BO3- H3BO3 + C2O42Identify the Bronsted-Lowry bases in this equilibrium.
A.
B.
C.
D.

H2BO3- and
HC2O4- and
HC2O4- and
H2BO3- and

H3BO3
H3BO3
C2O42C2O42-

10.

The equation representing the predominant reaction between NaCH3COO with water is
A.
B.
C.
D.

11.

Which of the following solutions will have the lowest electrical conductivity?
A.
B.
C.
D.

12.

H2O 2H+ + O22H2O 2H2 + O2

2H2O H2 + 2OH2H2O H3O+ + OH-

Addition of HCl to water causes

A.
B.
C.
D.

16.

weak acid
weak base
strong acid]
strong base

The ionization of water at room temperature is represented by

A.
B.
C.
D.

15.

NH3
CO32HSO3H2BO3-

A 1.0 x 10-4 M solution has a pH of 10.00. The solute is a

A.
B.
C.
D.

14.

0.10 M HF
0.10 M NaF
0.10 M H2SO3
0.10 M NaHSO3

Which of the following is the strongest Bronsted-Lowry base?

A.
B.
C.
D.

13.

CH3COO- + H2O CH3COOH + OHCH3COO- + H2O H2O + CH2COO2CH3COOH + H2O H3O+ + CH3COOCH3COOH + H2O CH3COOH2+ + OH-

both [H3O+] and [OH-] to increase

both [H3O+] and [OH-] to decrease
[H3O+] to increase and [OH-] to decrease
[H3O+] to decrease and [OH-] to increase

Consider the following:

I.
II.
III.

H2SO4
HSO4SO42-

Which of the above is/are present in a reagent bottle labeled 1.0 M H2SO4?
A.

I only

17.

B.
I and II only
C.
II and III only
D.
I, II, and III
The pH of 0.10 M KOH solution is
A.
B.
C.
D.

18.

An indicator changes colour in the pH range 9.0 to 11.0. What is the value of the Ka for the
indicator?
A.
B.
C.
D.

19.

20.

0.10
1.00
13.00
14.10

1
1
1
1

x
x
x
x

10-13
10-10
10-7
10-1

Which of the following are amphiprotic in aqueous solution?

I.
II.
III.
IV.

HBr
H2O
HCO3H2C6H5O7-

A
B.
C.
D.

I and II only
II and IV only
II, III, and IV only
I, II, III, and IV

Which of the following always applies at the transition point for the indicator Hind?
A.
B.
C.
D.

[Ind-] = [OH-]
[HInd] = [Ind-]
[Ind-] = [H3O+]
[HInd] = [H3O+]

21.

Calculate the [H3O+] of a solution prepared by adding 10.0 mL of 2.0 M HCl to 10.0 mL of 1.0 M
NaOH.
A.
0.20 M
B.
0.50 M
C.
1.0 M
D.
2.0 M

22.

Both acidic and basic solutions

A.
taste sour
B.
feel slippery
C.
conduct electricity
D.
turn blue litmus red

23.

The conjugate acid of HPO42- is

A.
B.
C.
D.
24.

What is the value of the Kw at 25 oC?

A.,
B.
C.
D.

25.

PO43H2PO4H2PO42H2PO43-

1.0 x 10-14
1.0 x 10-7
7
14

Consider the following equilibrium: 2H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)

A small amount of Fe(H2O)63+ is added to water and equilibrium is re-established. Which of the
following represents the changes in ion concentrations?
[H3O+]

26.

A.
increases
increases
B.
increases
decreases
C.
decreases
decreases
D.
decreases
increases
Consider the following equilibrium for an indicator: HInd + H2O H3O+ + IndIn a solution of pH of 6.8, the colour of bromthymol blue is
A.
B.
C.
D.

27.

neutral red
methyl red
indigo carmine
phenolphthalein

In a titration a 25.00 mL sample of Sr(OH)2 is completely neutralized by 28.60 mL of 0.100 M

HCl. The concentration of the Sr(OH)2 is
A.
B.
C.
D.

29.

blue because [HInd] = [Ind-]

green because [HInd] = [Ind-]
green because [HInd] < [Ind-]
yellow because [HInd] > [Ind-]

The indicator with Ka = 4 x 10-8 is

A.
B.
C.
D.

28.

[OH-]

1.43
2.86
5.72
1.14

x
x
x
x

10-3 M
10-3 M
10-2 M
10-1 M

A student mixes 15.0 mL of 0.100 M NaOH with 10.0 mL of 0.200 M HCl. The resulting solution
is
A.
B.
C.
D.

basic
acidic
neutral
amphiprotic

30.

Which of the following salts will dissolve in water to produce a neutral solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

31.

What is the value of the Kb for HC6H5O72-?

A.
B.
C.
D.

32.

36.

37.

0.97
1.80
12.18
13.03

NaCl
NH4NO3
Ca(NO3)2
Ba(NO3)2

Which of the following salts will dissolve in water to produce an acid solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

35.

10-10
10-8
10-7
10-5

x
x
x
x

Which of the following will produce an acidic solution?

A.
B.
C.
D.

34.

5.9
2.4
4.1
1.7

The pOH of 0.015 M HCl solution is

A.
B.
C.
D.

33.

LiF
CrCl3
KNO3
NH4Cl

LiF
CrCl3
KNO3
NaCl

Which of the following salts will dissolve in water to produce a basic solution?
A.
LiF
B.
CrCl3
C.
KNO3
D.
NH4Cl
A student mixes 400 mL of 0.100 M NaOH with 100 mL of 0.200 M H2SO4. The resulting solution
has a pH of
A.
14.000
B.
0.000
C.
13.800
D.
7.000
A student mixes 500 mL of 0.400 M NaOH with 500 mL of 0.100 M H2SO4. The resulting solution
has a pH of
A.
B.

14.000
0.000

C.
D.
38.

13.000
7.000

The strongest acid in water is

A.
B.
C.
D.

HClO4
HI
HF
H3O+

39.

The formula that has the highest pH in water is

39.

A.
HF
B.
H2CO3
C.
H2C2O4
D.
HCN
The formula that has the highest pH in water is
A.
B.
C.
D.

NaF
NaCl
H2C2O4
NaCN

Subjective
1.

A chemist prepares a solution by dissolving the salt NaCN in water.

a) Write the equation for the dissociation reaction that occurs.

b) Write the equation for the hydrolysis reaction that occurs.

c) Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for the hydrolysis

2.

A 3.50 x 10-3 M sample of unknown acid, HA has a pH of 2.90. Calculate the value of the Ka and
identify this acid.

3.

Calculate the mass of NaOH needed to prepare 2.0 L of a solution with a pH of 12.00.

4.

A 1.00 M OCl- solution has an [OH-] of 5.75 x 10-4 M. Calculate the Kb for OCl-.

5.

Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by adding 15.0 mL of 0.500 M H2SO4 to 35.0 mL of 0.750
M NaOH.

6.

Determine the pH of a 0.10 M solution of hydrogen cyanide.

7.

Determine the pH of 0.100 M NH3.

8.

Determine the pH of a saturated solution of Mg(OH)2.

Acids Practice Test # 2

1.

What colour would 1.0 M HCl be in an indicator mixture consisting of phenol red and
thymolphthalein?
A
B
C
D

2.

During a titration, what volume of 0.500 M KOH is necessary to completely neutralize 10.0 mL of
2.00 M CH3COOH?
A
B
C
D

3.

neutral red
thymol blue
thymolpthalein
chlorophenol red

Acid is added to a buffer solution. When equilibrium is reestablished the buffering effect has
resulted in [H3O+]
A
B
C
D

5.

10.0 mL
20.0 mL
25.0 mL
40.0 mL

Which indicator has a Ka = 1.0 x 10-6?

A
B
C
D

4.

red
blue
yellow
colourless

increasing slightly
decreasing slightly
increasing considerably
decreasing considerably

A buffer solution will form when 0.10 M NaF is mixed with an equal volume of
A
B
C
D

0.10 M HF
0.10 M HCl
0.10 M NaCl
0.10 M NaOH

6.

Which of the following statements applies to 1.0 M NH3(aq) but not to 1.0 M NaOH(aq)?
A
B
C
D

7.

In which of the following are the reactants favoured?

A
B
C
D

8.

1.4
1.6
6.3
7.1

x
x
x
x

10-14
10-9
10-6
10-1

Consider the following equilibrium: 2H2O(l) + energy H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)

What will cause the pH to increase and the Kw to decrease?
A
B
C
D

11.

0.00
0.30
14.00
13.70

What is the [H3O+] in a solution with a pH = 5.20?

A
B
C
D

10.

HNO2 + CN- NO2- + HCN

H2S + HCO3- HS- + H2CO3
H3PO4 + NH3 H2PO4- + NH4+
CH3COOH + PO43- CH3COO- + HPO42-

What is the pOH of a solution prepared by adding 0.50 moles of NaOH to prepare 0.50 L of
solution?
A
B
C
D

9.

partially ionizes
neutralizes an acid
has a pH greater than 7
turns bromocresol green from yellow to blue

adding a strong acid

adding a strong base
increasing the temperature
decreasing the temperature

The complete neutralization of 15.0 mL of KOH requires 0.0250 moles H2SO4. The [KOH] was
A
B
C
D

1.50 M
1.67 M
3.33 M
6.67 M

12.

What is the [H3O+] at the equivalence point for the titration between HBr and KOH?
A
1.0 x 10-9 M
B
1.0 x 10-7 M
C
1.0 x 10-5 M
D
0.0 M

13.

Which of the following would form a buffer solution when equal moles are mixed together?

A
B
C
D
14.

Which of the following acids has the weakest conjugate base?

A
B
C
D

15.

19.

adding a proton to the acid

adding an electron to the acid
removing a proton from the acid
removing an electron from the acid

Which of the following represents the predominant reaction between HCO3- and water?
A
B
C
D

18.

0.010 M
0.050 M
0.10 M
0.20 M

The conjugate base of an acid is produced by

A
B
C
D

17.

HIO3
HNO2
H3PO4
CH3COOH

When 10.0 ml of 0.10 M HCl is added to 10.0 mL of water, the concentration of H3O+ in the final
solution is
A
B
C
D

16.

HCl and NaCl

HCN and NaCN
KNO3 and KOH
Na2SO4 and NaOH

2HCO3- H2O + 2CO2

HCO3- + H2O H2CO3 + OHHCO3- + H2O
H3O+ + CO322HCO3- + H2O H3O+ + CO32- + OH- + CO2

Water acts as an acid when it reacts with

I
II
III
IV

CNNH3
HClO4
CH3COO-

A
B
C
D

I and IV only
II and III only
I, II, and IV
II, III, and IV

In a solution of 0.10 M H2SO4, the ions present in order of decreasing concentration are

A
B
C
D

[H3O+] > [HSO4-] > [SO42-] > [OH-]

[H3O+] > [SO42-] > [HSO4-] > [OH-]
[OH-] > [SO42-] > [HSO4-] > [H3O+]
[SO42-] > [HSO4-] > [OH-] > [H3O+]

20. Which of the following will dissolve in water to produce an acidic solution?
A
B
C
D
21.

22.

Which of the following solutions will have a pH = 1.00?

I
II
III

0.10 M HCl
0.10 M HNO2
0.10 M NaOH

A
B
C
D

I only
II only
I and II only
I, II, and III

Ka for the acid H2AsO4- is 5.6 x 10-8. What is the value of the Kb for HAsO42-?
A
B
C
B

23.

x
x
x
x

10-22
10-14
10-7
10-4

NH3 and HNO3

KOH and HCl
NaF and HCl
Ca(OH)2 and CH3COOH

Which of the following salts dissolves to produce a basic solution?

A
B
C
D

25.

5.6
3.2
1.8
2.4

In a titration, which of the following has a pH = 7.00 at the equivalence point?

A
B
C
D

24.

CO2
CaO
MgO
Na2O

KCl
NH4Br
Fe(NO3)3
LiCH3COO

Calculate the pH in a 0.200 M solution of Sr(OH)2.

A
B

1.40
1.70

C
D
26.

Which of the following solutions has a pH less than 7.00?

A
B
C
D

27.

1
1
1
1

x
x
x
x

10-14
10-8
10-6
10-3

What is the approximate pH of the solution formed when 0.040 mol NaOH is added to 2.00 L of
0.020 M HCl?
A
B
C
D

30.

HSO3HSO4HPO42HC2O4-

What is the approximate Ka value for the indicator chlorophenol red?

A
B
C
D

29.

NaCl
LiOH
NH4NO3
KCH3COO

Which of the following will form a basic aqueous solution?

A
B
C
D

28.

13.30
13.60

0.00
1.40
1.70
7.00

In which one of the following equations are the Bronsted acids and bases all correctly identified?

Acid
A
B
C
D
31.

H2O2
H2O2
SO32SO32-

Base

Base

SO32SO32H2O2
H2O2

HO2HSO3HO2HSO3-

Acid
HSO3HO2HSO3HO2-

Which of the following titrations will always have an equivalence point at a

pH > 7.00?
A
B

weak acid with a weak base

strong acid with a weak base

C
D
32.

A buffer solution may contain equal moles of

A
B
C
D

33.

BaS
NH4Cl
Ca(NO3)2
NaCH3COO

Which of the following statements applies to 1.0 M NH3(aq) but not to 1.0 M NaOH(aq)?
A
B
C
D

36.

H2
O3
SO2
C3H8

Which of the following 1.0 M salt solutions is acidic?

A
B
C
D

35.

weak acid and strong base

strong acid and strong base
weak acid and its conjugate base
strong acid and its conjugate base

A gas which is produced by burning coal and also contributes to the formation of acid rain is
A
B
C
D

34.

weak acid with a strong base

strong acid with a strong base

partially ionizes
neutralizes and acid
has a pH greater than 7
turns bromcresol green from yellow to blue

When the indicator thymol blue is added to 0.10 M solution of an unknown acid, the solution is
red. The acid could be
A
B
C
D

HF
H2S
HCN
HNO3

Subjective
1.

Calculate the pH of the solution prepared by mixing 15.0 mL of 0.50 M HCl with 35.0 mL 0.50 M
NaOH.

2. Calculate the [OH-] in 0.50 M NH3(aq).

3.
A titration was performed by adding 0.175 M H2C2O4 to a 25.00 mL sample of NaOH.
The following data was collected.

Final volume of H2C2O4 from burette (mL)

Initial volume of H2C2O4 from burette (mL)

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

23.00
4.85

39.05
23.00

20.95
5.00

Calculate the [NaOH]

4.

A 250.0 mL sample of HCl with a pH of 2.000 is completely neutralized with 0.200 M NaOH.
What volume of NaOH is required to reach the stoichiometric point.

5.

If the HCl were titrated with 0.200 M NH3(aq) instead of 0.200 M NaOH, how would the volume of
base required to reach the equivalence point compare with the volume calculated in the last
question? Explain your answer.

6.
a)

Consider the following salt ammonium acetate, NH4CH3COO.

Write the equation for the dissociation of NH4CH3COO.

b)

Write the equations for the hydrolysis reactions that occur.

c)

Explain why a solution of NH4CH3COO has a pH =7.00. Support your answer with a calculation.

7.

Consider the following equilibrium: energy + 2H2O H3O+ + OHa) Explain how pure water can have a pH = 7.30.

b) Calculate the value of the Kw for the sample of water with a pH = 7.30.

Acids, Bases and Salts Unit Plan

Notes- double click on the lesson number and download Power Point Viewer if you do not have it.
Worksheets
1. Properties of Acids, Bases & Salts

WS 1

2. Arrhenius, Bronsted Acids, Ka and Strength.

WS 2

3. Arrhenius, Bronsted Bases, Kb and Strength

WS 3

4. Acid & Base Reactions. Amphiprotic. Acid Chart.

WS 4

5. Leveling effect, Anhydrides and Relationships.

WS 5

6. Hydrolysis of Salts. Quiz.

WS 6

7. Acid, Base & Salt Reactions. Hydrolysis.

WS 7

Quiz

ClassifyingEverything Activity
8. Yamadas Indicator Lab. Hydrolysis.

WS 8

9. Ionization of Water, [H+] & [ OH- ], pH scale.

4
Hydrolysis Quiz

1Hydrolysis Quiz 2Hydrolysis Quiz 3

10. pH for Strong Acids and Bases. Hydrolysis Quiz

WS 9

11. pH Calculations for Weak Acids.

WS 10

12. Ka from pH for Weak Acids.

WS 11

13. Indicators Lab.

14. Kbs from Kas for Weak Bases.

WS 12

15. pH for Weak Bases pH [H+] [ OH-] Relationships. WS 13

16.Amphiprotic Ions- Kas and Kbs.

WS 14

17. Titration Lab. Primary Standards.

7
Acids

Midtermreview Test
18. Titration Lab
19. Buffers & Indicators

WS 15

20. Titration Curves.

WS 16

9/10

21. Review #1

Web Site Review Sheet

Quizmebc

22. Review #2

Practice Test # 1

Practice Test 2

23. Test
Text book

Hebden

Read Unit IV

WS #1 Properties of Acids and Bases

1. Add 1 drop of each solution to 1 drop of the acid-base indicator in a spot plate. Record the colour in the
data table below. Describe each solution as an acid or base in the space provided. Write the acid colour
and base colour in the table below.
Indicator-->

Phenolphthalein

Solution:
HCl

Clear

Red

Yellow

Acid

NaOH

Pink

Blue

Blue

Base

Vinegar

Clear

Red

Yellow

Acid

Ammonia
Pink
(NH3)
Lemon Juice Clear

Blue

Blue

Base

Red

Yellow

Acid

Seven-up

Red

Yellow

Acid

Baking Soda Pink

(NaHCO3)

Blue

Blue

Base

Indicator

Acid Colour

Base Colour

Clear

Pink

Clear

Litmus

Phenolphthalein

Bromothymol Blue

Litmus

Red

Blue

Bromothymol Blue

Yellow

Blue

Acid or Base

Wash and dry your spot plate before going on to step 2.

2. Wear safety goggles for this experiment. Pour approximately 50 mL of 1 M HCl into a fleaker. Add
one level spoonful of Mg and cover with a plastic funnel. After 1 minute and not before light the top of
the funnel using a match. Write the equation for the reaction below.
2HCl(aq) + Mg(s) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
Wash and dry your fleaker before going on to step 3.
3. Taste a lemon and describe the taste in one word
Sour
4. Taste some baking soda and describe the taste in one word.
Bitter
6. Test two drops of HCl for conductivity in a spot plate. Result:
Good Conductor
Write an equation that accounts for the conductivity of HCl.
HCl

H+

Cl-

7. Test two drops of NaOH for conductivity in a spot plate. Result:

Good Conductor
Write an equation that accounts for the conductivity of NaOH (dissociation).
NaOH Na+ + OHClean, dry and put away the spot plate
8. List five properties of acids that are in your textbook.
Acids conduct electricity, taste sour, neutralize bases, change the color of indicators, and react with some
metals to produce hydrogen.
9. List five properties of bases that are in your textbook.
Bases conduct electricity, taste bitter, neutralize acids, change the color of indicators, and feel
slippery.
10. Make some brief notes on the commercial acids: HCl and H2SO4 (p 112).
HCl

H2SO4

11. Make some brief notes on the commercial base NaOH (p 114).
12. Describe the difference between a concentrated and dilute acid (hint: concentration refers to the
molarity). Describe their relative conductivities.
Concentrated means relatively high molarity and dilute means relatively low molarity.
13. Describe the difference between a strong and weak acid (p 121-124). Use two examples and write
equations to support your answer. Describe their relative conductivities.
A strong acid completely ionizes and a weak acid partially ionizes.

14. Describe a situation where a strong acid would have the same conductivity as a weak acid (hint: think
about concentration).
A weak acid could have a high molarity and the strong acid could have a low molarity.

Complete this worksheet for next period. Read pages 107-126 for homework.
WS #2 Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
Complete each acid reaction. Label each reactant or product as an acid or base. The first on is done for
you.
1.
HCN
+
H2O

H3O+ +
CNAcid
Base
Acid
Base
2.

H3C6O7

H2O

H2C6O7- + H3O+

acid

base

base

acid

3.

H3PO4
acid

H2O
base

H2PO4- + H3O+
base
acid

4.

HF
acid

H2O
base

F- +
base

5.

H2CO3
acid

H2O
base

HCO3- + H3O+
base
acid

6.

NH4+
acid

H2O
base

NH3 +
base

7.

CH3COOH +
acid

H2O
base

CH3COO- +
base

8.

HCl
acid

H2O
base

Cl- +
base

9.

HNO3 +
acid

H2O
base

H3O+
acid

H3O+
acid

H3O+
acid
H3O+
acid
H3O+
acid
+

NO3base

Write the equilibrium expression (Ka) for the first seven above reactions.
[H3O+] [ CN-]
[HCN]

10.

Ka =

11.

Ka = [H3O+] [H2C6O7-]
[H3C6O7]

12.

Ka =

[H3O+] [H2PO4-]
[H3PO4]

14. Ka =

[H3O+] [HCO3-]
[H2CO3]

15. Ka =

[H3O+] [NH3]
[NH4+]

16. Ka =

[H3O+] [CH3COO-]
[CH3COOH]

[H3O+] [F-]
[HF]
17. Which acids are strong? The six on the top of the acid chart are strong.
18. What does the term strong acid mean? They complete ionization into ions. Such as: HCl + H2O
Cl- + H3O+
13.

Ka =

19. Why is it impossible to write an equilibrium expression for a strong acid?

[HCl] is equal to zero and in math numbers divided by zero are undefined.
20. Which acids are weak?

Ka = [H3O+] [Cl-]
[HCl]

All acids listed on the acid chart below the top six.
23. What does the term weak acid mean?
Incomplete ionization. Such as: HF + H2O F- + H3O+
24. Explain the difference between a strong and weak acid in terms of electrical conductivity.
A strong acid is a good conductor. A weak acid conducts but not so good.

14.
16.
18.
20.
22.

Acid

Conjugate Base

HNO2
HSO3- SO32H2O2
HSH2O

NO217.
HO2S2OH-

15.
IO319.
21.
23.

Base

Conjugate Acid

HCOOHIO3
NH3
CH3COOH2O

HCOOH
NH4+
CH3COOH
H3O+

Define:
22. Bronsted acid- a proton donor
23. Bronsted base- a proton acceptor
24. Arrhenius acid- a substance that ionizes in water to produce H+
25. Arrhenius base- a substance that ionizes in water to produce OH26. List the six strong acids. HCLO4 HI
HBr
HCl
HNO3
H2SO4
27. Rank the acids in order of decreasing strength.
HCl
HSO4H3PO4
HF
H2CO3
H2S
28. What would you rather drink vinegar or hydrochloric acid? Explain.
Vinegar. It is a weak acid and produces much less H30+ ion which is the corrosive part of an acid.
Making a Universal Indicator Lab Activity
Mix the following indicators in a 50 mL beaker. Stir with an eyedropper.
Yamadas Universal Indicator
5 drops thymol blue
8 drops methyl orange
5 drops phenolphthalein
10 drops bromothymol blue
20 drops of water
Part 1. In a spot plate add two drops of each buffer solution to a cell. Add one drop of Yamadas indicator
to each. Record each colour on another lab sheet by colouring the cell the same colour. Make sure you are
accurate because you will use this information for future labs and projects.
<---------- Acid Strength Increases -----pH = 1
pH = 3
pH = 5

Neutral
pH = 7

----Base Strength Increases ------->

pH = 9
pH =11
pH = 13

Part 2. Test a drop of HCl, CH3COOH, NaOH, NH3, NaHCO3, H2CO3 and NaCl solution for conductivity.
Test with your Universal Indicator. Record the pH of each. Test with your Universal Indicator. Explain

your results with what you know about acids and bases. Classify each as a strong or weak acid or base or
neutral, acidic, or basic salt. Write an equation for each to show how they ionize in water using the
Bronsted (Chemistry 12) definition of an acid.
Wash and dry your acetate.
Wash and return your eyedropper.
Wash and return your beaker.
Wash your hands.
Results
Compound

Conductivity

pH

Classification

HCl

good

strong acid

CH3COOH

ok

weak acid

NaOH

good

13

strong base

NH3

ok

11

weak base

NaHCO3

good

11

weak base

H2CO3

ok

weak acid

NaCl

good

neutral salt

WS #3 Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

Complete each reaction. Label each reactant or product as an acid or base.
1.

HCN

H2O

H3O+

CN-

2.

HCl

H2O

H3O+

Cl-

3.

HF

H2O

H3O+

F-

4.

F-

H2O

HF

OH-

5.

HSO4- + H2O
(acid)

6.

NH4+

7.

HPO42-

Acid
8.

H3O+

H2O

H3O+

NH3

+
(base)

H2O

H2PO4-

OH-

Conjugate Base
HCO3-

SO42-

CO32-

Base
9.

CH3COO-

Conjugate Acid
CH3COOH

10.
12.
14.

HPO4-2
H2O
HS-

16.

Circle the strong bases.

Fe(OH)3
NaOH
Zn(OH)2
Sr(OH)2

17.

PO43OHS2-

CsOH
Ba(OH)2

H2PO46

CH3COOH
4

HIO3
NH3
HC2H5SO72-

KOH
Ca(OH)2

HI
1

HCl
1

HF
3

Rank the following bases from the strongest to weakest.

F4

H2O
6
19.

IO3NH2C2H5SO73-

Rank the following acids from strongest to weakest.

H2S
5

18.

11.
13.
15.

SO323

NH3
2

HSO35

NaOH
1

i) Write the reaction of H3BO3 with water (remove one H+ only because it is a weak acid).
H3BO3 + H2O

H2BO3- + H3O+
ii) Write the Ka expression for the above.
Ka =

[H3O+] [H2BO3-]
[H3BO3]

iii) What is the ionization constant for the acid (use your table). Ka = 7.3 x 10-10

20.

List six strong acids.

HClO4

HI

KOH

LiOH

HBr

HCl

HNO3

H2SO4

21.

List six strong bases. NaOH

Ba(OH)2

22.

List six weak acids in order of decreasing strength (use your acid/base table).

HIO3
23.
PO43-

H2C2O4

H2SO3

HSO4-

H3PO4

RbOH

HNO2

List six weak bases in order of decreasing strength (use your acid/base table).
CO32-

CN-

NH3

H2BO3-

HS-

CsOH

WS #4 Using Acid Strength Tables

Acid-base reactions can be considered to be a competition for protons. A stronger acid can
cause a weaker acid to act like a base. Label the acids and bases. Complete the reaction. State if
the reactants or products are favoured.
1.
HSO4+
HPO42
SO42- +
H2PO4Acid
Base
Base
Acid
Products are favoured as HSO4 is a stronger acid than H2PO4
2.
HCN
+
H2O

H3O+ +
CNAcid
Base
Acid
Base
+
Reactants are favoured as H3O is a stronger acid than HCN.
3.
HCO3+
H2S

H2CO3 +
HSBase
Acid
Acid
Reactants are favoured as H2CO3 is a stronger acid than H2S
4.
HPO42- +
NH4+

H2PO4- + NH3

Base

Base
Acid
Acid
Base
Reactants are favoured as H2PO4 is a stronger acid than NH4+
5.
NH3
+
H2O

NH4+
+
Base
Acid
Acid
Reactants are favoured as OH is a stronger base than NH3
6.
H2PO41+
NH3

HPO42Acid
Base
Base
Products are favoured as NH3 is a stronger base than HPO427.
HCO3+
HF

H2CO3
Base
Acid
Acid
Products are favoured as HF is a stronger acid than H2CO3

OHBase

NH4+
Acid
FBase

8. Complete each equation and indicate if reactants or products are favoured. Label each acid or base.
HSO4- + HCO3 H2CO3
+
SO42products are favoured
H2PO4- + HC03

HPO42-

H2CO3

reactants are favoured

HS03- + HPO42-

H2PO4-

SO32-

products are favoured

NH3 + HC2O4-

NH4+

C2O42-

products are favoured

9. Explain why HF(aq) is a better conductor than HCN(aq).

HF is a stronger acid and creates more ions.
10. Which is a stronger acid in water, HCl or HI? Explain!
Both are strong acids and have the same strength as both completely ionize to from H+.
11. State the important ion produced by an acid and a base.

Acid: H+ or H3O+ Base: OH12. Which is the stronger base? Which produces the least OH-?
F- is the weaker base and produces the least OHCO3-2 is the stronger base
13. Define a Bronsted/Lowry acid and base.
An acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor.
14. Define an Arrhenius acid and base.
An acid ionizes in water to produce H+ and a base ionizes in water to produce OH-.
15. Complete each reaction and write the equilibrium expression.
HF + H2O

H3O+ + FKa= [ H3O+][ F-]

Kb=
[ OH ]
F- + H2O

HF + OH[HF]
16. H2SO4 + 2NaOH

Na2SO4

17. Define conjugate pairs.

Acid base pairs that differ by one proton.
18. Give conjugate acids for:
HS-,
-2
CO3
H2S NH4+
.
19 Give conjugate bases for:
NH4+,
H2O
NH3 FOH-

[HF]
[F-]

+ 2HOH

NH3,

HPO4-2,

OH-,

H2O,

NH3,

H2PO4HOH
H3O+
+
HF,
H2PO4 ,
H3O ,
OH-,

NH4+ HCO3HCO3-,

HPO4-2

CO3-2

HOH

O2-

WS #5 Acid and Basic Anhydrides

1. What is the strongest acid that can exist in water? Write an equation to show how a stronger acid would
be reduced in strength by the leveling effect of water.
H3O+ HCl + H2O

H3O+
+
Cl2. What is the strongest base that can exist in water? Write an equation to show how a stronger base
would be reduced in strength by the leveling effect of water.
OHNaOH Na+ + OH3. List three strong acids and three strong bases.
HCl HI
HClO4
NaOH
KOH
4. Rank the acids in decreasing strength:
HClO4 1 Ka is very large
HClO2 3 Ka=8.0x10-5

HClO3
HClO

LiOH
2
4

Ka=1.2x10-2
Ka=4.4x10-8

5. For an oxy acid what is the relationship between the number of Os and acid strength? (Compare H2S04
and H2S03)
The more Os the stronger the acid.
6.Which acid is stronger?

HI03 or HIO2

7.Which produces more H30+?

H2CO3 or HS04-

8.Which produces more OH-?

F- or HC03-

9.Which conducts better NH3 or NaOH (both .1M)? Why?

NaOH is a strong acid.
10.Which conducts better HF or HCN (both .1M)? Why?
HF is a stronger acid.
11. Compare and contrast a strong and weak acid in terms of degree of ionization, size of ka, conductivity,
and concentration of H+.
Strong acid: complete ionization, very large Ka, good conductor, high [H+].
Weak acid: partial ionization, small Ka, OK conductor, low [H+].
Classify each formula as an acid anhydride, basic anhydride, strong acid, weak acid, strong, or weak base.
For each formula write an equation to show how it reacts with water. For anhydrides write two equations.
Formula

Classification

Reaction

12. Na2O

basic anhydride

Na2O

H2O

2NaOH

13. CaO

basic anhydride

CaO

H2O

Ca(OH)2

14. SO3

acid anhydride

SO3

H2O

H2SO4

15. CO2

acid anhydride

CO2

H2O

H2CO3

16. SO2

acid anhydride

SO2

H2O

H2SO3

17. HCl

strong acid

HCl

H2O

H3O+

18. NH3

weak base

NH3

H2O

NH4+ +

Cl-

OH-

Na+

H2O

H3O+

F-

H3PO4 +

H2O

H3O+

H2PO4-

19. NaOH

strong base

NaOH

20. HF

weak acid

HF

21. H3PO4

weak acid

OH-

WS # 6 Hydrolysis of Salts and Reactions of Acids and Bases

Describe each as an acid, base, neutral salt, acidic salt, or basic salt. For each salt write a parent acid-base
formation equation, dissociation equation, and hydrolysis equation (only for acidic and basic salts). For
acids and bases write an equation to show how each reacts with water.
1. NH3

weak base
NH3

2. KCl

3. HNO3

5. RbOH

NH4+ +

OH-

KCl

neutral salt
HCl

KOH

KCl

K+

H2O

Cl-

strong acid
HNO3 +

4. NaHCO3

H2O

H2O

H3O+ +

NO3-

basic salt
H2CO3 +

NaOH

NaHCO3

NaHCO

Na+

HCO3-

HCO3-

H2O

H2CO3

Rb+

OH-

strong base
RbOH

H2O

OH-

6. AlCl3

7. H2C2O4

acid salt
3HCl

Al(OH)3

AlCl3

Al+3

Al(H2O)63+

Al(H2O)5(OH)2+

H2O

C6H5OH

NaOH

NaC6H5O

Na+

C6H5O-

C6H5O-

H2O

9. Co(NO3)3

3HNO3

Co(OH)3

Co(NO3)3

Co+3

Co(H2O)63+

10. Na2CO3

3H2O

3Cl-

H+

weak acid
H2C2O4

8. NaC6H5O

AlCl3 +

H3O+ +

HC2O4-

NaC6H5O

H2O

C6H5OH

OH-

Co(NO3)3

3H2O

2H2O

OH-

basic salt

acid salt

3NO3-

Co(H2O)5(OH)2+

+ H+

basic salt
H2CO3

2NaOH

Na2CO3

Na2CO3

2Na+ +

CO3-2

CO3-2

H2O

WS # 7

HCO3-

Hydrolysis of Salts and Reactions of Acids and Bases

Describe each as an acid, base, neutral salt, acidic salt, or basic salt. For each salt write a parent acid-base
formation equation, dissociation equation, and hydrolysis equation (only for acidic and basic salts). For
acids and bases write an equation to show how each reacts with water.
1. NH3

weak base

2. NaCl

OH-

H3O+

Cl-

NaCN Na+ +
CN- + H2O

CNHCN

H2O

neutral salt
NaCl Na+

3. HCl

5. NaOH

H2O

Na+

Fe+3 +

OH-

3Cl-

Fe(H2O)5(OH)2+ + H+

weak acid
HF

H2O

H3O+

F-

basic salt
LiHCO3

HCO3- + H2O

9. Fe(NO3)3

OH-

acid salt

Fe(H2O)63+

8. LiHCO3

strong base

FeCl3

7. HF

basic salt

NaOH
6. FeCl3

Cl-

strong acid
HCl

4. NaCN

NH4+ +

NH3

Li+ +
HCO3
H2CO3 +
OH-

acid salt
Fe(NO3)3

Fe+3 +

3NO3-

Fe(H2O)63+

Fe(H2O)5(OH)2+

+ H+

10. MgCO3

basic salt
MgCO3

-2
CO3 + H2O

11. H2S

weak acid
H2S

12. HF

H2O

H3O+

HS-

H2O

H3O+

F-

weak acid
HF

13. CaI2

neutral salt
CaI2 Ca+2

14. Mg(OH)2

+ 2I-

weak base
Mg(OH)2

15. Ba(OH)2

Mg+2 +
CO3-2

HCO3- +
OH-

Mg+2 +

2OH-

strong base
Ba(OH)2 Ba+2

2OH-

16. Describe why Tums (CaCO3) neutralizes stomach acid. It is a weak base and will neutralize acid.
basic salt
CaCO3

Ca+2 +
CO3-2
-2
CO3 + H2O

HCO3 +
OH17. Describe why Mg(OH)2 is used in Milk of Magnesia as an antacid instead of NaOH.
Mg(OH)2 is weak base and releases OH- slowly, whereas NaOH is a strong base which releases OHin high concentrations which is corrosive.
Mg(OH)2

Mg+2 +
2OHNaOH

Na+ +
OHWS #8 Yamadas Indicator Activity

Acid, Base and Salt Lab

Purpose:
1) To use Yamadas Indicator to determine the pH of various acids, bases and salts.
2) To classify compounds as strong acids, weak acids, strong bases, weak bases, neutral salts, acid
anhydrides, and basic anhydrides.
3) To write reactions for each compound to show how each ionizes, hydrolyzes or reacts with water.
Procedure:
1) To a cell in a spot plate add one drop of solution or a very tiny amount of solid. Write the formula of
the compound in the data table.
2) Add two drops of Yamadas Indicator. Record the pH of the compound.
3) Classify the compound as a strong acid, weak acid, strong base, weak base, neutral salt, acid
anhydride, or basic anhydride. Use the formula of the compound as well as the pH.
4) Write an equation to show the reaction of anhydrides with water, the hydrolysis of salts, or the
ionization of acids or bases.
Data
1.

2.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification

Fe(NO3)3
2
acid salt

Reaction or reactions

Fe(NO3)3

Fe+3 +

Fe(H2O)63+

Fe(H2O)5(OH)2+

Formula of compound
pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

3.

4.

5.

3NO3+ H+

NaCH3COO
10
basic salt
NaCH3COO
Na+ +
CH3COOCH3COO
+ H2O CH3COOH + OH-

Formula of compound
pH
Classification

K2HPO4
10
basic salt

Reaction or reactions

K2HPO4

2K+ +

HPO4-2 + H2O

H2PO4-

Formula of compound
pH
Classification

HCL
0
strong acid

Reaction or reactions

HCl

Formula of compound
pH

Al2(SO4)3
3

H+ +

HPO4-2
+

Cl-

OH-

6.

Classification

acid salt

Reaction or reactions

Al2(SO4)3

2Al+3 +

Al(H2O)63+

Al(H2O)5(OH)2+

2Na+ +

Formula of compound
pH
Classification

Na2CO3
12
basic salt

Reaction or reactions

Na2CO3

CO3-2 + H2O
7.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification

+ H+

CO3-2

HCO3- +

H2P2O6
H+ +

OH-

P2O5
2
acid anhydride

Reaction or reactions

8.

3SO4-2

P2O5 + H2O
H2P2O6

Formula of compound
pH
Classification

Cu(NO3)2
4
acid salt

Reaction or reactions

Cu(NO3)2

Cu2+ +

HP2O6-

2NO3Cu(H2O)62+

Cu(H2O)5(OH)
9.

10.

+ H

Formula of compound
pH
Classification

Fe2(SO4)3
3
acid salt

Reaction or reactions

Fe2(SO4)3

2Fe+3 +

Fe(H2O)63+

Fe(H2O)5(OH)2+

Formula of compound
pH
Classification
Reaction or reactions

11.

3SO4-2

N2O5
0
acid anhydride
N2O5 + H2O H2N2O6 2HNO3
HNO3 H+ +
NO3-

Formula of compound
pH
Classification

Ca(OH)2
12
weak base

Reaction or reactions

Ca(OH)2

Ca+2

2OH-

+ H+

<

12.

13.

14.

Formula of compound
pH
Classification

KHSO4
HSO4-

Formula of compound
pH
Classification

NaHCO3
10
basic salt

Reaction or reactions

NaHCO3

HCO3 + H2O
CaCO3
10
basic salt

Formula of compound
pH
Classification

17.

+
+

Na+ +
H2CO3 +

CaCO3

Ca+2 +
-2
CO3 + H2O < HCO3- +

Formula of compound
pH
Classification

CaO
12
basic anhydride

Reaction or reactions

CaO

Ca(OH)2
16.

K+
H+

Reaction or reactions

Reaction or reactions
15.

KHSO4
2
acid salt
HSO4SO42-

HCO3OH-

CO3-2
OH-

H2O Ca(OH)2

Ca+2

2OH-

Formula of compound
pH
Classification

Al2(SO4)3
3
acidic salt

Reaction or reactions

Al2(SO4)3

2Al+3 +

Al(H2O)5(OH)2+

Formula of compound
pH
Classification

Al(H2O)63+
NaCl
7
neutral salt

Reaction or reactions

NaCl

Na+

3SO4-2
+ H+

Cl-

WS # 9 - pH and pOH Calculations

Complete the chart:
1.

[H+]
7.00 x 10-3 M

2.

1.14 x 10-

[OH-]
1.43 x 1012
M
8.75 x 10-2

pH
2.155

pOH
11.845

Acid/base/neutral
acid

12.942

1.058

base

13

10.

3.
4.
5.

M
4.7x 10-8M
1.0 x 10-10M
1.0 x 10-7M

M
2.1 x 10-7M
1.0 x 10-4M
1.0 x 10-7M

6.
7.

5 x 10-4M
2.80 x 10-3M

8.
9.

5.0 x 10-10 M
2.1 x 10-5M

2 x 10-11M
3.57 x 1012
M
2.0 x 10-5M
4.7 x 10-10 M

[OH-] = 0.40 M

Ba+2 +
0.20M

10.7
11.447

9.30
4.67

4.70
9.33

base
acid

2OH0.40M

[H+] = 2.5 x 10-14 M

H+

[H+] = 0.030M

pH = 13.60

pOH = 0.40

+
Cl0.030M
[OH-] = 3.3 x 10-13 M

pH = 1.52

pOH = 12.48

Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH and pOH for a 0.20 M NaOH solution.
NaOH
0.20M

[OH-] = 0.20 M
13.

3.3
2.553

base
base
Neutral (2sig
figs)
acid
acid

Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH and pOH for a 0.030 M HCl solution.
HCl
0.030M

14.

6.67
4.00
7.00

Calculate the [H+], [OH-] , pH and pOH for a 0.20 M Ba(OH)2 solution.

Ba(OH)2
0.20M

11.

7.33
10.00
7.00

Na+ +
0.20M

OH0.20M

[H+] = 5.0 x 10-14 M

pH = 13.30

pOH = 0.70

300.0 mL of 0.20 M HCl is added to 500.0 mL of water, calculate the pH of the solution.
300.0 x 0.20 M =

HCl
0.075 M

H+
0.075 M

ClpH = -Log[H+] =

1.12
800.0
14.

200.0 mL of 0.020 M HCl is diluted to a final volume of 500.0 mL with water, calculate the pH.
HCl
200.0 x 0.020 M = 0.0080 M

H+
0.0080 M

ClpH = -Log[H+] =

2.10
500.0
15.
150.0 mL of 0.40 M Ba(OH)2 is placed in a 500.0 mL volumetric flask and filled to the mark with
water, calculate the pH of the solution.

Ba(OH)2
150.0 x 0.40 M =
500.0

0.12 M

pOH = -Log[OH-] = 0.62

Ba2+

0.12 M

0.24 M

2OH-

pH = 14.00 - pOH =

13.38

16.
250.0 mL of 0.20 M Sr(OH)2 is diluted by adding 350.0 mL of water, calculate the pH of the
solution.
Sr(OH)2
250.0 x 0.20 M =
600.0

0.083 M

pOH = -Log[OH-] = 0.78

17.
water.

Sr2+

2OH-

0.083 M
pH = 14.00 - pOH =

0.1667 M
13.22

Calculate the pH of a saturated solution of 0.40M Ba(OH)2 when 25 mL was added 25.0 mL of
Ba(OH)2
(25)0.40 M
(50)

Ba2+ +
2OH0.20 M0.40 M

[OH-] = 0.40
pOH = 0.40
pH

= 13.60

WS # 10 pH Calculations for Weak Acids

Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH, and pOH for 0.20 M HCN.

1.

H+

0.20 M

0.20 - x

x2
=

4.9 x 10-10

0.20 - x
x

= 9.9 x 10-6 M

CN-

HCN

[H+] = 9.9 x 10-6 M

[OH-] = 1.0 x 10-9 M

pH = 5.00

pOH = 9.00

2.

Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH, and pOH for 2.20 M HF.

pOH = 12.44

3.

[H+] = 2.8 x 10-2 M

[OH-] = 3.6 x 10-13 M
pH = 1.56
+
Calculate the [H ], [OH ], pH, and pOH for 0.805 M CH3COOH.

pOH = 11.58

4.

[H+] = 3.8 x 10-3 M

[OH-] = 2.6 x 10-12 M
Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH, and pOH for 1.65 M H3BO3.

[H+] = 3.5 x 10-5 M

5.

[OH-] = 2.9 x 10-10 M

Calculate the pH of a saturated solution of Mg(OH)2.

Mg(OH)2
x

Mg2+ +
x

Ksp = [Mg2+][OH-]2
5.6 x 10-12 = 4x3
[OH-] = 2x = 2.22 x 10-4 M
pH = 10.35

2OH2x

pH = 2.42

pH = 4.46 pOH = 9.54

Calculate the pH of a 0.200 M weak diprotic acid with a Ka = 1.8 x 10-6.

6.

H2X
weak acid!!

H+

X-

0.200 M

0.20 - x

Note- only lose one proton for any

Small Ka approximation x = 0
x2
=

1.8 x 10-6

0.20
x

= 6.0 x 10-4 M

[H+] = 6.0 x 10-4 M

[OH-] = 1.7 x 10-11 M

pH = 3.22

pOH = 10.78

7.
350.0 mL of 0.20M Sr(OH)2 is diluted by adding 450.0 mL of water, calculate the pH of the
solution.
Sr(OH)2
350.0 x 0.20 M =
800.0

0.0875 M

pOH = -Log[OH-] = 0.76

Sr2+

2OH-

0.0875 M
pH = 14.00 - pOH =

0.175 M
13.24

WS # 11 pH Calculations for Weak Acids

1. The pH of 0.20 M HCN is 5.00. Calculate the Ka for HCN. Compare your calculated value with that in
the table.
[H+] = 10-pH = 10-5.00 = 0.0000100 M
H+

0.20 M

0.0000100 M

0.0000100 M

0.0000100 M

0.19999

0.0000100 M

0.0000100 M

Ka = (0.0000100)2

CN-

HCN

5.0 x 10-10

0.19999
Ka = 5.0 x 10-10
2. The pH of 2.20 M HF is 1.56. Calculate the Ka for HF. Compare your calculated value with that in the
table.

Ka = 3.5 x 10-4
3. The pH of 0.805 M CH3COOH is 2.42. Calculate the Ka for CH3COOH. Compare your calculated value
with that in the table.

Ka = 1.8 x 10-5
4. The pH of 1.65 M H3BO3 is 4.46. Calculate the Ka for H3BO3. Compare your calculated value with that
in the table.

Ka = 7.3 x 10-10
5.

The pH of a 0.10 M diprotic acid is 3.683, calculate the Ka and identify the acid.
[H+] = 10-pH = 10-3.683 = 0.0002075 M
H2X
one proton.

0.10 M

0.0002075 M

H+

HX-

Note a diprotic weak acid only loses

0
0.0002075 M

0.0002075 M

0.09979

0.0002075 M

Ka = (0.0002075)2
0.09979
Ka = 4.3 x 10-7

6.

0.0002075 M

4.3 x 10-7

Carbonic acid

H2CO3

Look up on Ka Table.

The pH of 0.20 M NH3 is 11.227; calculate the Kb of the Base.

pOH

= 14.00

- pH = 2.773

[OH-] = 10-pOH
NH3

0.001686 M

H2O

NH4+

OH-

0.20 M

0.001686 M

0.001686 M

0.001686 M

0.1983 M

0.001686 M

0.001686 M

Kb= (0.001686)2
0.1983

1.4 x 10-5

7.
The pH of 0.40 M NaCN is 11.456; calculate the pH for the basic salt. Start by writing an equation
and an ICE chart.
pOH

= 14.00

- pH = 2.544

[OH-] = 10-pOH
CN-

0.002858 M

H2O

HCN

OH-

0.40 M

0.002858 M

0.002858 M

0.002858 M

0.3971 M

0.002858 M

0.002858 M

Kb= (0.002858)2
0.3971

2.0 x 10-5

8.

The pH of a 0.10 M triprotic acid is 5.068, calculate the Ka and identify the acid.
[H+] = 10-pH = 10-5.068 = 8.55 x 10-6 M
H+

H3X
D
only loses one proton.

0.10 M

8.55 x 10-6 M8.55 x 10-6 M8.55 x 10-6 M

0.10 M

Note a triprotic weak acid

8.55 x 10-6 M8.55 x 10-6 M

Ka = (8.55 x 10-6)2
0.10

7.3 x 10-10

Ka = 7.3 x 10-10
9.

H2X-

Boric acid

H3BO3

Look up on Ka Table.

How many grams of CH3COOH are dissolved in 2.00 L of a solution with pH = 2.45?
[H+]

10-2.45 =

CH3COOH

0.003548 M
H+

CH3COO-

0.003548 M

0.003548 M

0.003548 M

0.003548 M

0.003548 M

- 0.003548 M

Keq

1.8 x 10-5

[CH3COOH] =

[H+][CH3COO-]
[CH3COOH]
(0.003548)(0.003548)
[CH3COOH]
0.6994 M

2.00 L x 0.6994 moles

60.0 g =

84 g
1L
* Use questions 1 to 4 from last assignment to mark questions 1 to 4.
WS # 12

Kb For Weak Bases

1 mole

1.
2.

Determine the Kb for each weak base. Write the ionization reaction for each. Remember that Kw = Ka Kb
(the acid and base must be conjugates). Find the base on the right side of the acid table and use the Ka
values that correspond. Be careful with amphiprotic anions!
1. NaNO2 (the basic ion is NO2-)
Kb(NO2-) = Kw
Ka(HNO2)

1.0 x 10-14
4.6 x 10-4

3.
Kb = 2.2 x 10-11

2.

2. KCH3COO (the basic ion is CH3COO-)

3.

3. NaHCO3

Kb = 2.3 x 10-8

4. NH3

Kb = 1.8 x 10-5

5. NaCN

Kb = 2.0 x 10-5

6. Li2HPO4

Kb = 1.6 x 10-7

7. KH2PO4

Kb = 1.3 x 10-12

8. K2CO3

Kb = 1.8 x 10-4

Kb = 5.6 x 10-10

9. Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH, and pOH for 0.20 M H2CO3.

[H+] = 2.9 x 10-4 M

[OH-] = 3.4 x 10-11 M

pH = 3.53

pOH =

10.47
10. The pH of 0.20 M H2CO3 is 3.53. Calculate the Ka for H2CO3. Compare your calculated value with
that in the table.

Ka = 4.4 x 10-7
11. Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH, and pOH for 0.10 M CH3COOH.

[H+] = 1.3 x 10-3 M

[OH-] = 7.5 x 10-12 M

pH = 2.87

12. The pH of 0.10 M CH3COOH is 2.87. Calculate the Ka.

[H+] =

10-2.87 =

CH3COOH

0.001349 M

H+

CH3COO-

0.10 M

0.001349 M

0.001349 M

0.001349 M

0.09865 M

0.001349 M

0.001349 M

pOH = 11.13

Ka

Ka

=
Ka

[H+][CH3COO-]
[CH3COOH]
(0.001349)( 0.001349)
(0.09865)
1.8 x 10-5

13. 200.0 mL of 0.120 M H2SO4 reacts with 400.0 mL of 0.140 M NaOH. Calculate the pH of the
resulting solution.

H2SO4
+
2NaOH

Na2SO4
+
2HOH

0.200 L x 0.120 mol = 0.0240 mol

0.400 L x 0.140 mol = 0.0560 mol

L
L

Note the loss of sig figs!

I
0.0240 mole
0.0560 mole
Beware subtraction!

C
0.0240 mole
0.0480 mole

E
0
0.0080 mole

[OH-]
=
0.0080 mole =
0.013 M

0.6000 L

Note the final volume is used as the

two solutions are mixed together.

200.0 mL + 400.0 mL = 600.0 mL

pOH
=
1.88

pH =
12.12
WS # 13
Acid and Base pH Calculations
For each weak bases calculate the [OH-], [H+], pOH and pH. Remember that you need to calculate Kb
first.
1. 0.20 M CNKb(CN-) =

Kw

4.9 x 10-10

Ka(HCN)
I

CN0.20

H2O

1.0 x 10-14

HCN
0

OH0

2.0408 x 10-5

C
E

x
0.20 - x
x2

x
x

x
x

2.0408 x 10-5

0.20 - x
x = [OH-] = 2.0 x 10-3 M
[OH-] = 2.0 x 10-3 M

pOH = 2.69

pH = 11.31

[H+] = 4.9 x 10-12 M

pOH = 4.48

pH = 9.52

[H+] = 3.0 x 10-10 M

pOH = 5.21

pH = 8.79

[H+] = 1.6 x 10-9 M

pOH = 4.02

pH = 9.98

[H+] = 1.0 x 10-10 M

pOH = 2.49

pH = 11.51

[H+] = 3.1 x 10-12 M

2. 0.010 M NaHS (the basic ion is HS-)

Kb = 1.1 x 10-7 [OH-] = 3.3 x 10-5 M

3. 0.067 M KCH3COO

Kb = 5.55 x 10-10 [OH-] = 6.1 x 10-6 M

4. 0.40 M KHCO3
Kb = 2.3 x 10-8 [OH-] = 9.6 x 10-5 M
5. 0.60 M NH3

Kb = 1.786 x 10-5 [OH-] = 3.3 x 10-3 M

6. If the pH of a 0.10 M weak acid HX is 3.683, calculate the Ka for the acid and identify the acid using
your acid chart.

HX
I

0.100 M
C

- 0.0002075

0.09979

Ka

H+

X-

0
0.0002075

0.0002075

(0.0002075)2
(0.09979)

0.0002075
0.0002075

4.3 x 10-7

Carbonic acid

7. Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH, and pOH for 0.80 M H3BO3.

[H+] = 2.4 x 10-5 M

[OH-] = 4.1 x 10-10 M

pH = 4.62

pOH = 9.38

pH = 3.48

pOH = 10.52

8. Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH, and pOH for 0.25 M H2CO3.

[H+] = 3.3 x 10-4 M

[OH-] = 3.0 x 10-11 M

9. The pH of 1.65 M H3BO3 is 4.46. Calculate the Ka for H3BO3. Compare your calculated value with that
in the table.

Ka = 7.3 x 10-10

[OH-] = 2.88 x 10-10 M

pH = 4.46

[H+] = 3.47 x 10-5

pOH = 9.54

10. The pH of 0.65 M NaX is 12.46. Calculate the Kb for NaX.

pOH = 14.00 - 12.46 = 1.54

[OH-] = 10-1.54 = 0.02884 M

I
C
E

CN- +
0.65 M
0.02884 M
0.6212 M

H2O

D
0

HCN

OH-

+
0

0.02884 M
0.02884 M

0.02884 M
0.02884 M

(0.02884)2
Kb =
(0.6212)
Kb =

1.3 x 10-3

11. Consider the following reaction: 2HCl + Ba(OH)2 BaCl2 + 2H2O

When 3.16g samples of Ba(OH)2 were titrated to the equivalence point with an HCl solution, the
following data was recorded.
Trial
Volume of HCl added
#1
37.80 mL
Reject
#2
35.49 mL
#3
35.51 mL
Calculate the original [HCl] = 1.04M
35.50 mL

Average

2HCl
0.03550 L

Ba(OH)2 BaCl2
3.16 g

3.16 g Ba(OH)2 x
Molarity

+ 2H2O

1 mole

2 moles HCl

=
171.3g

1 mole Ba(OH)2

0.03550 L
[HCl] = 1.04M
12. Calculate the volume of 0.200M H2SO4 required to neutralize 25.0 ml of 0.100M NaOH.

0.00625 L
13. 25.0 ml of .200M HCl is mixed with 50.0 ml .100M NaOH, calculate the pH of the resulting solution.

No excess pH = 7.000
14. 10 ml of 0.10M H2SO4 is mixed with 25 ml 0.20M NaOH, calculate the pH of the resulting solution.

pH = 12.456
15. 125.0 ml of .200M HCl is mixed with 350.0 ml .100M NaOH, calculate the pH of the resulting
solution.

pH = 12.323

16. Define standard solution and describe two ways to standardize a solution.
A standard solution is one of known molarity. If you make the solution from a weighed amount of solid
and dilute it to a final volume in a volumetric flask it is a standard solution. If you titrate a solution to
determine its concentration it is a standard solution.
17. What is the [H3O+] in a solution formed by adding 60.0 mL of water to 40.0 mL of 0.040 M KOH
solution?
[H+] = 6.3 x 10-13 M
WS # 14 Review
1. List the properties of acids/bases.
Acids- conduct electricity, taste sour, change the color of indicators, neutralize bases, react with
active metals like Mg to produce H2 gas.
Bases- conduct electricity, taste bitter, change the color of indicators, neutralize acids, feel slippery.
2. Define the following:
Arhenius strong acid- completely ionizes to form H+
Arhenius weak base- partially ionizes to form OHBronsted strong acid- completely donates a proton to a base
Bronsted weak base- partially accepts a proton to an acid
Conjugate pair an acid base pair that differs by one proton
Amphiprotic- a chemical species that can be an acid or base
Standard solution- a solution of known molarity
3. Show by calculation if the following amphiprotic ions are acids or bases:
a)
HCO3Base
Ka = 5.6 x 10-11
Kb = 2.3 x 10-8

b)
c)

H2PO4HPO42-

Acid
Base

Ka = 6.2 x 10-8
Ka = 2.2 x 10-13

Kb = 1.3 x 10-12
Kb = 1.6 x 10-7

4. What is the strongest base in water? What is the strongest acid in water? Write equations to explain
your answer.
Base
OHNaOH Na+ + OHAcid H+
HCl
H+ +
Cl5. Match each equation:
Acid/base complete
Acid/base net ionic
Solubility product
Hydrolysis
Acid/Base formula
Ionization of water

HCl + NaOH NaCl + HOH

F- + HOH HF + OHH+ + OH- HOH
AgCl(s) Ag+ + ClH20 H+ + OHH+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH-Na++ Cl- + H2O

6. HCl and HF. Describe each acid as:

a) strong/weak b) high/low ionization c) large or small Ka
d) good/poor conductor e) strong or weak electrolyte
7. 0.2M HCl and 1.0M HF. Which is the most concentrated? Which is the strongest acid?
8. Label the scale as strong/weak acid and strong/weak base.

pH

|________________________|_________________________|__
7
14
SA
WA
WB
SB

9. Which ions are amphiprotic?

HPO4-2
HCl
FHS-

H2S

H2O

10. Write the net ionic equation between any acid and base.
11. Write the ionization equation for water.
12. Write the Kw expression.

pH = 0.70

15. 0.20M Ba(OH)2

pH = 13.60

16. 0.20M H2CO3

pH = 3.53

H20 H+ + OH-

Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14

13. H2SO3 + HS- <====> H2S + HSO3a) Are the reactants or products favoured?
b) Are the Keq large, small or about 1?
14. 0.20M HCl

H+ + OH- HOH

17. 0.40M KHCO3

pH = 9.98

18. The pH increases by 2 units. How does [H+] change?

19. The pH decreases by 1 unit.

Decreases by a factor of 100

How does [H+] change? Increases by a factor of 10

20.
a) For distilled water :
pH = 7.00
pOH =7.00 [H+] = 1.0 x 10-7 M [OH-] = 1.0 x
10-7 M
b) For 1M HCl:
pH = 0.0
pOH =14.0 [H+] = 1 M
[OH-] = 1.0 x
-14
10 M
c) For 1M NaOH
pH = 14.0
pOH =0.0 [H+] = 1.0 x 10-14 M
[OH-] = 1 M
21. The pH of .20M NaX is 12.50, calculate the Kb.
Kb = 5.9 x 10-3
22. The pH of .2M HX is 4.5, calculate the Ka.
Ka = 5 x 10-9
23. 100mL of .200M NaOH is mixed with 100ml of .180M HCl. Calculate the pH of the resulting
solution.

pH = 12.00
24. How many grams of NaHCO3 are required to make 100mL of .200M solution?
1.68 g
25. What volume of 0.200M NaOH is required to neutralize 25.0 mL of 0.150M H2SO4?
0.0375 L
26. In a titration 25.0mL of .200M H2SO4 is required to neutralize 10.0mL NaOH. Calculate the
concentration of the base.
1.00 M

27. Calculate the concentration of a solution of NaCl made by dissolving 50.0g in 250mL of water.
3.42 M
28.
SO3(g)
+ H2O(g)
H2SO4(l)
Equilibrium concentrations are found to be:
[SO3] = 0.400M
[ H2O] = 0.480M
Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant.

[H2SO4] = 0.600M

5.21
29.
2SO2(g) +
O2(g)

2SO3(g)
4.00 moles of SO2 and 5.00 moles O2 are placed in a 2.00 L container at 200C and allowed to reach
equilibrium. If the equilibrium concentration of O2 is 2.00M, calculate the Keq.
Keq = 0.500
Ws # 15 Buffers
1. Definition (buffer) A solution that is made by mixing a weak acid or base with a salt containing
the conjugate which maintains a relatively constant pH.

2.
Acid

Conjugate Base

Salt

HCN

CN-

NaCN

H2CO3

HCO3-

KHCO3

NH4+

NH3

NH4Cl

F-

HF

NaF

CH3COOH

CH3COO-

NaCH3COO

H2C2O4

HC2O4-

Na HC2O4

3. Write an equation for the first three buffer systems above.

HCN

H+

CN-

H2CO3

H+

HCO3-

H2O

NH3

NH4+ +

OH-

4. Which buffer could have a pH of 4.0 ?

Which buffer could have a pH of 10.0 ?

a) HCl & NaCl

c)

b) HF & NaF

NH3

& NH4Cl

5. Predict how the buffer of pH = 9.00 will change. Your answers are 9.00, 8.98, 9.01, 2.00, and 13.00
a) 2 drops of 0.10M HCl are added

Final pH
8.98

b) 1 drop of 0.10M NaOH is added

9.01

c) 10 mL of 1.0 M HCl are added

2.00

6. Write an equation for the carbonic acid, sodium hydrogencarbonate buffer system. A few drops of HCl
are added. Describe the shift and each concentration change.
Equation:
H2CO3

H+ + HCO3-

Shift

left

[H+] =

increases

[H2CO3] =

increases

[HCO3-] =

Indicators
1. Definition (Indicator) A weak acid whose conjugate base is a different color.
2. Equilibrium equation
HInd H+ +
Ind3. Colors for methyl orange

HInd red

Ind-

yellow

4. Compare the relative sizes of [HInd] and [Ind-] at the following pHs.
Color
Relationship
pH = 2.0

red

[Hind] > [Ind-]

pH = 3.7

orange

[Hind] = [Ind-]

pH = 5.0

yellow

[Hind] < [Ind-]

5. HCl is added to methyl orange, describe if each increases or decreases.

[H+]

increases

[HInd]

increases

[Ind-]

decreases

Color Change

yellow to red

decreases

6. NaOH is added to methyl orange, describe if each increases or decreases.

[H+]

decreases

[HInd]

decreases

[Ind-]

increases

Color Change

red to yellow

7. State two equations that are true at the transition point of an indicator.
[Hind] = [Ind-]
Ka = [H+]
8. What indicator has a Ka = 4 x 10-8 Neutral Red
9. What is the Ka for methyl orange. 2 x 10-4
10. A solution is pink in phenolphthalein and colorless in thymolphthalein. What is the pH of the solution?
pH = 10
11. A solution is blue in bromothymol blue, red in phenol red, and yellow in thymol blue. What is the pH
of the solution?
pH = 8
Ws # 16 Titration Curves
Choose an indicator and describe the approximate pH of the equivalence point for each titration.
Complete each reaction.
pH
Indicator
1. HCl

NaOH ------->

bromothymol blue

2. HF

RbOH ------->

phenolphthalein

3. HI

Ba(OH)2 ------->

bromothymol blue

KOH ------>

phenolphthalein

+ NH3 ------->

bromocresol green

phenolphthalein

4. HCN
5. HClO4

6. CH3COOH

LiOH ------->

7. Calculate the Ka of bromothymol blue.

Ka = 2 x 10-7

8. An indicator has a ka = 1 x 10-10, determine the indicator. Thymolphthalein

9. Calculate the Ka of methyl orange.

Ka = 2 x 10-4

10. An indicator has a ka = 6.3 x 10-13, determine the indicator. Indigo Carmine
11. Explain the difference between an equivalence point and a transition point.
The equivalence point refers to endpoint of a titration (moles acid = moles base) and a transition point
refers to when an indicator changes color.
Draw a titration curve for each of the following.
12. Adding 100 ml 1.0 M NaOH to 50 mL 1.0 M HCl

13. Adding 100 ml 1.0 M NaOH to 50 mL 1.0 M HCN

14
pH

0
0

50

100

Volume of base added

100

Volume of base added

14. Adding 100 ml 0.10 M HCl to 50 mL 0.10M NH3

M NaOH

pH

50

1
4

15. Adding 100 ml .10 M HCl to 50 mL 0.10

pH

0
0

50
Volume of base added

100

50
Volume of base added

100

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