The document discusses the purpose and components of an engine lubrication system. It begins by outlining the main purposes of lubrication which are to reduce friction, form seals, clean the engine, cool it, absorb shocks and contaminants. It then describes different lubrication system types including mist, autolube, splash, and pressure fed wet and dry sump systems. The key components of a lubrication system such as the oil sump, pump, filters, galleries and indicators are also explained.
The document discusses the purpose and components of an engine lubrication system. It begins by outlining the main purposes of lubrication which are to reduce friction, form seals, clean the engine, cool it, absorb shocks and contaminants. It then describes different lubrication system types including mist, autolube, splash, and pressure fed wet and dry sump systems. The key components of a lubrication system such as the oil sump, pump, filters, galleries and indicators are also explained.
The document discusses the purpose and components of an engine lubrication system. It begins by outlining the main purposes of lubrication which are to reduce friction, form seals, clean the engine, cool it, absorb shocks and contaminants. It then describes different lubrication system types including mist, autolube, splash, and pressure fed wet and dry sump systems. The key components of a lubrication system such as the oil sump, pump, filters, galleries and indicators are also explained.
The document discusses the purpose and components of an engine lubrication system. It begins by outlining the main purposes of lubrication which are to reduce friction, form seals, clean the engine, cool it, absorb shocks and contaminants. It then describes different lubrication system types including mist, autolube, splash, and pressure fed wet and dry sump systems. The key components of a lubrication system such as the oil sump, pump, filters, galleries and indicators are also explained.
Lubricate Reduces Friction by creating a thin film(Clearance) between moving parts
Seals The oil helps form a seal between piston rings and cylinder walls (Reduces
Blow-By)
Internal oil leak (blowby) will
result in BLUE SMOKE at the tail pipe.
Purpose of Lubrication System
Cleans As it circulates through the engine, the oil picks up metal particles and carbon, and brings them back down to the pan.
Cools Picks up heat when moving through the engine and then drops into the cooler oil pan, giving up some of this heat.
Purpose of Lubrication System
Absorbs shock When heavy loads are imposed on the bearings, the oil helps to cushion the load.
Absorbs Contaminants The additives in oil helps in absorbing the contaminants that enter the lubrication system.
Lubrication System Types
Petroil or mist lubrication (Petrol and Oil Premix)
Autolube Splash Pressure Fed or Force Feed Wet Sump Dry Sump
Mist lubrication system
Used where crankcase lubrication is not suitable. (In two stroke engine, as the charge is compressed in the crankcase, it is not possible to have the lubrication oil in the sump. Hence mist lubrication is used in practice).
Mist lubrication system
The lubrication oil is mixed with the fuel, the usual ratio being 2% to 5%. Oil and fuel mixture is inducted through the carburetor. Fuel is vaporized and the oil in the form of mist goes via the crankcase into the cylinder. The oil which strikes the crankcase walls lubricates the main and connecting rod bearings and the rest of oil lubricate the piston, piston rings and the cylinder.
Advantages Simplicity Low cost as it does not require an oil pump, filter, etc.
Disadvantages Cause heavy exhaust smoke due to burning of lubricating oil Forms deposit on piston crown and exhaust port which affect engine efficiency. Requires a thorough mixing for effective lubrication. This requires either separate mixing prior to use or use of some additive to give the oil good mixing characteristics. During closed throttle operation (as in the case of vehicle moving down the hill), the engine suffers from insufficient lubrication as the supply of fuel is less. This is an important limitation of system
Autolube System Used in 2 stroke engines Oil is stored in a separate tank A nozzle sprays measured quantity of oil in the crankcase in every stroke More efficient than mist lubrication system Used in Kinetic Honda, Yamaha RX 100
Splash System Used in light duty, slow speed engines (<250 rpm). Lubricating oil is stored at the bottom of engine crankcase and maintained at a predetermined level. The oil is drawn by the pump and delivered through a distributing pipe into the splash trough located under the big end of all the connecting rods. These troughs are provided with overflows and oil in the trough is therefore kept at a constant level. A splasher or dipper is provided under each connecting rod cap which dips into the oil in the trough at every revolution of the crankshaft and the oil is splashed all over the interior of crankcase, into the pistons and onto the exposed portion of cylinder walls. The oil dripping from the cylinder is collected in the sump where it is cooled by the air flowing around. The cooled oil is then recirculated
Splash System
Pressure Feed System
Oil is drawn from the sump by an oil pump through an oil strainer. The strainer is a fine mesh screen which prevents foreign particles from entering the oil circulating system. A pressure relief valve is provided which automatically keep the delivery pressure constant and can b set to any value. When the oil pressure exceed that for which the valve is set, the valve open and allow some of the oil to return to the sump thereby reliving the oil pressure in the system.
Pressure Feed System
Pressure Feed System
Lubrication System Wet Sump
Oil is stored in the sump. Drawn into engine through the pickup. Forced round by a pump. Protected by a pressure relief valve. Particulates removed by a filter. Carried around in galleries.
Lubrication System Wet Sump
Dry Sump It uses an additional pump as well as a remote oil tank
It is used in situations when a wet sump cannot cope with the oil supply, in unusual or extreme conditions; Heavy acceleration (racing cars), Off road driving, steep hills and uneven surfaces
Storage reservoir for oil (Holds 3 to 6 liters) Plug on bottom to drain.
Oil Pump Driven by camshaft, crankshaft All types of oil pumps use a pick-up screen in the sump and a pressure regulator. Gear Pump Rotor Pump(Two star
Crankshaft-Driven Pump Drive splines on crankshaft. Main seal. Inner gear (rotor) driven by crankshaft. Outer gear (rotor) driven by inner gear. Pump housing at front of engine. Pump insert holds drive within housing.
Gear Pump Pump shaft drives one gear.
Other gear rotates.
Low pressure at input.
High pressure at output.
Oil Filters
Micro-porous paper filters used to screen out particles.
Most filters are of the cartridge type. Remove harmful materials Two Types Full Flow Bypass
Bypass Systems Part of oil goes from sump to filter Part goes to engine for lubrication Over time, entire oil is filtered Very fine filter is used
Full Flow Systems
All the oil goes to the system through filter Relatively a coarse filter is used Relief valve is used to ensure oil supply to engine in case of filter clogging
Oil Level and Pressure Indicators
Dipstick the most simple Some engines equipped with an electrical level indicator. Oil pressure indicator lamp Oil pressure gauge (electrical or mechanical)
Oil Pressure Indicator
Light or a Gauge The light turns on or gauge reads low when pressure drops below specified value (10psi or .7kg/sqcm) Correct oil pressure is 40-60 psi Common causes of low oil pressure are: Low oil level Worn out pump
Oil Filter Keeps impurities out of the engine.
Spin-on oil filter with O-ring seal.
Centre outlet tube. Input feed holes.
Paper elements trap impurities.
Oil Filter Housing
Bolts to cylinder block. Oil pressure switch. Oil cooler adapter.
Fed by oil cooler hoses.
Oil filter. Heat shield.
Pressure Relief Valve
Fitted between the pump and the filter Used to prevent damage to the engine due to too much oil pressure.
Oil Pressure sending unit
Electrically sends the signal to the Light or Gauge mounted on the dash.
If the wires get short the light will come on or the gauge will read high (Full Scale)
OIL CHANGE
Every 5000/10000 Km Ignoring regular oil change intervals will shorten engine life and performance.
Oil Contamination Blow-by gases add raw petrol and water to the oil causing deterioration. Excessive heat can cause thermal breakdown. Excessive cranking can dilute oil with petrol. Cooling gasket leaks will ruin oil causing sludge. Short distance driving. (which is most trips) Extensive idling. Cold weather operation. Trailer towing. Excessive heavy loads Dirty and dusty conditions.
