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Statistics Bar Diagrams

This document discusses different types of bar diagrams used to represent data visually. It describes simple bar diagrams that show one variable, sub-divided bar diagrams that break data into components represented by different colors within each bar, and multiple bar diagrams that show separate adjoining bars for different components. It provides examples of each type of bar diagram using sample data on birth rates by country, university enrollments by subject, and country exports and imports. The document also introduces deviation bar charts that represent net values above and below a baseline to show excess or deficit quantities like profits over time.

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Maruf Ahmed
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116 views4 pages

Statistics Bar Diagrams

This document discusses different types of bar diagrams used to represent data visually. It describes simple bar diagrams that show one variable, sub-divided bar diagrams that break data into components represented by different colors within each bar, and multiple bar diagrams that show separate adjoining bars for different components. It provides examples of each type of bar diagram using sample data on birth rates by country, university enrollments by subject, and country exports and imports. The document also introduces deviation bar charts that represent net values above and below a baseline to show excess or deficit quantities like profits over time.

Uploaded by

Maruf Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.

5 Bar Diagrams
1) Simple 'Bar diagram':- It represents only one variable. For example sales, production,
population figures etc. for various years may be shown by simple bar charts. Since these are of
the same width and vary only in heights ( or lengths ), it becomes very easy for readers to study
the relationship. Simple bar diagrams are very popular in practice. A bar chart can be either
vertical or horizontal; vertical bars are more popular.
Illustration :- The following table gives the birth rate per thousand of different countries over a
certain period of time.

Country

Birth rate

India
Germany
U. K.

33
15
20

Country

China
New Zealand
Sweden

Birth rate

40
30
15

Represent the abovedata by a suitable diagram.

Comparing the size of bars, you can easily see that China's birth rate is the highest while
Germany and Sweden equal in the lowest positions. Such diagrams are also known as component
bar diagrams.
2) Sub - divided Bar Diagram:- While constructing such a diagram, the various components in

each bar should be kept in the same order. Acommon and helpful arrangement is that of
presenting each bar in the order of magnitude with the largest component at the bottom and the
smallest at the top. The components are shown with different shades or colors with a proper
index.
Illustration:- During 1968 - 71, the number of students in University ' X ' are as follows.
Represent the data by a similar diagram.
Year
1968-69
1969-70
1970-71

Arts
20,000
26,000
31,000

Science
10,000
9,000
9,500

Law
5,000
7,000
7,500

Total
35,000
42,000
48,000

3) Multiple Bar Diagram:- This method can be used for data which is made up of
two or more components. In this method the components are shown as separate
adjoining bars. The height of each bar represents the actual value of the component.
The components are shown by different shades or colors. Where changes in actual
values of component figures only are required, multiple bar charts are used.
Illustration:- The table below gives data relating to the exports and imports of a
certain country X ( in thousands of dollars ) during the four years ending in 1930 - 31.
Year
1927 - 28
1928 - 29

Export
319
339

Import
250
263

1929 - 30
1930 - 31

345
308

258
206

Represent the data by a suitable diagram

4) Deviation Bar Charts:- Deviation bars are used to represent net quantities - excess
or deficit i.e. net profit, net loss, net exports or imports, swings in voting etc. Such
bars have both positive and negative values. Positive values lie above the base line
and negative values lie below it.
Illustration:-

Years

Sales

Net profits

1985 - 86
1986 - 87
1987 - 88

10%
14%
12%

50%
-20
-10%

Present the above data by a suitable diagram showing the sales and net profits of priv
ate industrial companies.

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