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The Hybrid Pi and T Models Lecture

The document discusses two equivalent small-signal models for analyzing BJTs in active mode: the Hybrid-Π model and the T model. Both models produce the same three fundamental equations relating the base current (ib), collector current (ic), and emitter current (ie). The Hybrid-Π model represents the BJT as a π network connecting the base, collector, and emitter. The T model represents it as a current-controlled current source from collector to emitter, with the base terminal providing control. Either model can be used for small-signal analysis, as they are mathematically equivalent descriptions of the BJT.

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424 views6 pages

The Hybrid Pi and T Models Lecture

The document discusses two equivalent small-signal models for analyzing BJTs in active mode: the Hybrid-Π model and the T model. Both models produce the same three fundamental equations relating the base current (ib), collector current (ic), and emitter current (ie). The Hybrid-Π model represents the BJT as a π network connecting the base, collector, and emitter. The T model represents it as a current-controlled current source from collector to emitter, with the base terminal providing control. Either model can be used for small-signal analysis, as they are mathematically equivalent descriptions of the BJT.

Uploaded by

hasnaintoaha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

3/30/2011

The Hybrid Pi and T Models lecture

1/6

The Hybrid- and T Models


Consider again the small-small signal equations for an npn BJT biased in the
active mode:
ib =

vbe
r

ic = gm v be = ib

ie = ib + ic

(KCL)

Now, analyze this circuit:

ib

ic
+

vbe

gm vbe
= ib

ie

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

3/30/2011

The Hybrid Pi and T Models lecture

2/6

Do these equations look familiar?


From Ohms Law:
ib =

vbe
r

ib

From KCL:
ic = gm v be = ib

ic

vbe

gm vbe
= ib

And also from KCL:


ie = ib + ic

(KCL)

ie

Q: Hey! Arent these the same three equations as the npn BJT small-signal

equations?

A: They are indeed!


With respect to the small-signal currents and voltages in a circuit (but only
small-signal voltages and currents) , an npn BJT in active mode might as well be
this circuit.

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

3/30/2011

The Hybrid Pi and T Models lecture

3/6

Two equivalent circuits


Thus, this circuit can be used as an equivalent circuit for BJT small-signal
analysis (but only for small signal analysis!).

ib

This equivalent circuit is


called the Hybrid- model
for a BJT biased in the
active mode:

ic

vbe

gm vbe
= ib

npn Hybrid- Model

ib =

v be

ie = ib + ic

ie

ic = gm v eb = ib

ie = ib + ic
B

Jim Stiles

ib =

ic = gm v be = ib

ie

v eb

ib

veb
-

pnp Hybrid- Model

gm veb
= ib

ic

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

3/30/2011

The Hybrid Pi and T Models lecture

4/6

An alternative equivalent circuit


Note however, that we can alternatively express the small-signal circuit
equations as:

ib = ie ic

ic = gm vbe = ib

ie =

vbe
re

These equations likewise describes the T-Modelan alternative but equivalent


model to the Hybrid-.

ic

ib = ie ic

npn T-Model
gm v be
B

= ib

ib

re

Jim Stiles

vbe
-

ic = gm v be = ib

vbe
ie =
re

ie

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

3/30/2011

The Hybrid Pi and T Models lecture

5/6

I just couldnt fit the pnp


T-model on the previous page
E

ie
pnp T-Model

re
ib
B

veb
-

gm v be
= ib

Jim Stiles

ib = ie ic
ic = gm veb = ib
ie =

veb
re

ic

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

3/30/2011

The Hybrid Pi and T Models lecture

6/6

So many choices; which should I use?


The Hybrid- and the T circuit models are equivalentthey both will result in
the same correct answer!

Therefore, you do not need to worry about which one to use


for a particular small-signal circuit analysis, either one will
work.

However, you will find that a particular analysis is easier with one model or the
other; a result that is dependent completely on the type of amplifier being
analyzed.
For time being, use the Hybrid- model; later on, we will discuss the types of
amplifiers where the T-model is simplest to use.

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

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