Emoticon Intelligence or Emotional Intelligence?: by Mary Ann Manos

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Emoticon Intelligence or Emotional Intelligence?

aniel Golemans 1995 bestseller Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ remains a
foundation for theories about social cognition. His argument that affective competence fuels lifelong achievement
still holds relevance. After all, face-to-face communication
helps make a society healthy. But in the 17 years since Golemans seminal book, digital innovations such as social media,
blogs, text messages, webcams, Facebook, Twitter, and Skype
have come to the fore as modes of expression, and the newest
generation prefers them to sharing in person. One result is a
lack of accountability, an especial danger for children and
young people. In the waning of responsibility via the freedom
of the keyboard, how should the emotional intelligence quotient (EQ) apply to this impressionable demographic?
Goleman considers empathy as the headwaters for interpersonal success. The sensitivity, mindfulness and
responsiveness inherent in empathy build rapport, and the
goodwill gained through EQ assists in the development of
a network of trusted peers. The facility to forge these constructive relationships, thus, may be more important than
individual IQ, he posits. The single most important element in group intelligence, it turns out, is not the average
IQ in the academic sense, but rather in
terms of emotional intelligence, Goleman writes. The key to a high group
IQ is social harmony. Since being part
of a team is based on complex abilities
of organizing, negotiating and making
connections, the learning of EQ begins
at home and school.
He urges parents to raise children who
know how to attend to others. The impact on children of such parenting is
extraordinarily sweeping, Goleman conDaniel Goleman
tends. Parental willingness to show and
teach empathy helps ensure that children
become socially adept by being able to
understand verbal and nonverbal cues; the critical window for
learning to mesh language with body language spans ages 2-10, he
explains the time frame when children typically begin acclimation to digital technology. Children who do not possess the
rudiments of EQ are often considered strange by peers who, made
uncomfortable, may criticize, ignore or shun them. These illequipped children, starving for positive reinforcement or any
attention at all, can spiral into aggression and become bullies,
cyber or actual, since they read people incorrectly, Goleman
suggests. Given that texting and tweeting, not to mention surfing
the Web or posting a blog, are by definition at a remove from literal encounters, the importance of establishing EQ at an early age
cannot be overstated.
Because educators guide students in social interaction up to
eight hours a day (or more), schools also play a key role in fostering EQ. Goleman draws on troubling statistics about children
from the early 1990s that necessitated such pedagogy and that
have only amplified since then: school shootings, early motherhood, risky sex, mental disturbance. He also references lesson
plans, afterschool programs and weekly classes that counteract
bullying, promote inclusion, and address depression, for instance,
and describes the advantageous influence of friendship coaches
in and out of the classroom. These instructional strategies, all
about EQ and accountability, surely become even more imperative
today since children age 8-18 spend in excess of seven-and-a-half
hours using entertainment media across a typical day, like smart
phones and computers, according to the news release about Gen26

Spring 2012

eration M2: Media in


the Lives of 8- to
18-Year-Olds, a
January 2010 study
by the Kaiser Family
Foundation. And
because they spend
so much of that time
media multitasking
(using more than
one medium at a
time), the news release continues,
they actually manage to pack a total of
10 hours and 45
minutes worth of
media content into
those seven-and-ahalf hours.
Indeed, since
publication of Emotional Intelligence in
1995, personal technology and social
media have redirected the flow of
communication in
many disturbing directions. For
instance, one-third
of high school teens
send more than 100 texts a day and half send at least 50, with
three-quarters of 12- to 17-year-olds owning cell phones, reports
Stephanie Goldberg for CNN.com in an April 2010 article summarizing a study by Pew Research Centers Internet & American
Life Project. (Adolescents deem email too slow, too formal.)
They like to communicate with invisible friends even if visible
ones sit a few feet away. And text messages, plus instant messages and tweets, undercut the quality of communication ipso facto
because of their very brevity. Also, relationships, real or virtual,
are often begun, lived out and broken online. And friends are
pictures in tiny squares on a digital wall. Teens age 13-16, the
fastest-growing social media demographic, average 450 friends
in social networks; that number more than doubles by the time
theyre 22, and then decreases exponentially over the decades, according to The Daily (U.K.) Mail in a May 2011 article on this
cyber friend trend. Accountability and EQ can suffer in such an
amassment. As they can when a blogger adopts a persona and
when cyber communication is conveyed anonymously.
What do we lose by not dealing with each other in person? Accountability and EQ. Isolation may set in, and emoticons are poor
substitutes for empathy. Goleman, in Emotional Intelligence, did
not foresee cyber bullying and stalking, Internet predators and addiction. Or did he?
Mary Ann Manos (Bradley University) is the
superintendent of the Hartsburg-Emden (Ill.) School
District and a 30-year veteran of elementary through
university classrooms. A former ethics columnist for this
magazine, she earned degrees from Malone University
(B.S., education), University of Mary Hardin-Baylor (M.Ed.),
and University of Texas at Austin (Ph.D., curriculum and
instruction) and did postdoctoral work in superintendency
at Illinois State University. Email her at [email protected].

Daniel Goleman photo: Paul Shoul

By Mary Ann Manos

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