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Passive Voice

The passive voice is formed using a form of the verb "to be" and the past participle of the main verb. It can be used in various tenses like the present simple ("The car is repaired") and past simple ("The car was repaired"). When using the passive voice, the subject receives the action rather than performing it. The agent, or person/thing performing the action, is often omitted but can be included using "by". The passive voice is commonly used when the agent is unknown or less important than the action itself. It is more common in formal, impersonal writing styles compared to everyday speech which tends to use the active voice.

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169 views2 pages

Passive Voice

The passive voice is formed using a form of the verb "to be" and the past participle of the main verb. It can be used in various tenses like the present simple ("The car is repaired") and past simple ("The car was repaired"). When using the passive voice, the subject receives the action rather than performing it. The agent, or person/thing performing the action, is often omitted but can be included using "by". The passive voice is commonly used when the agent is unknown or less important than the action itself. It is more common in formal, impersonal writing styles compared to everyday speech which tends to use the active voice.

Uploaded by

Elena Marian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Passive Voice

Form
Present simple: The car is repaired.
Present continuous: The car is being repaired.
Past simple: The car was repaired.
Past continuous: The car was being repaired.
Present perfect: The car has just been repaired.
Past perfect: The car had been repaired.
Future simple: The car will be repaired.
Present conditional : The car would be repaired.
Perfect conditional: The car would have been repaired.
The passive voice in English is formed with the verb to be and the past participle, which is different for
regular verbs (translated, mended) and irregular verbs (taken, thrown).
Statement: The letter is written. This shop has been opened.
Question: Is the letter written? Has the shop been opened?
Negative: The letter is not written. The shop has not been opened.
The continuous forms are as follows. (Other continuous tenses are normally used in the active voice,
but not in the passive.)
Present: A new house is being built in our street.
Past: A new house was being built in our street.
In all the examples above the agent is not mentioned. We do not know it.
Similarly: Flowers were planted in the garden. (We do not know who did it).
If we want to say who planted the flowers we mention the agent at the end of the sentence and use the
preposition by.
The flowers were planted by my mother.
But: The window was smashed with a stone. (The stone is not the agent. We do not know who smashed
the window. We only know how he or she did it).
Direct and indirect objects
If there are both direct and indirect objects in the active voice, the indirect object becomes the subject
in the passive voice.
Active: My friend sent me a letter.
Passive: I was sent a letter by my friend. (Not: A letter was sent to me by my friend. This sentence does
not sound natural in English.)
Similarly: They offer Trevor a place. - Trevor is offered a place.
The infinitive without to
In the active voice some verbs are followed by the infinitive without to. In the passive we use most
such verbs with the infinitive with to.

Active: We saw them come. She made him do it.


Passive: They were seen to come. He was made to do it.
But: They let us go. - We were let go.
Use
The passive is used:
1. If the action is more important then the agent.
A demonstration has been held. This theatre was built in 1868.
The important thing is what happened, not who did it.
2. If the agent is not known.
He was offered a job. (someone offered him the job)
They are supposed to be good students. (some teachers suppose that)
The difference in meaning between the simple and continuous
A new house is built in our street. (The house is finished.)
A new house is being built in our street. (They are building it these days, it is not finished.)
I was being introduced to Mrs. Jones when her husband arrived. (Her husband arrived in the middle of
the introduction.)
When her husband arrived I was introduced to Mrs. Jones. (Her husband arrived first and then she
introduced me.)
Notes
This form is typical of an impersonal and formal style, that is why you can often find it in public
notices, announcements, instructions or scientific articles.
English is spoken in this shop. Visitors are not allowed to smoke. The seal must be removed.
In a less formal style the active voice is more usual.
English is spoken in this shop. - We speak English in this shop.
He was seen in Dover. - They saw him in Dover.
The seal must be removed. - You must remove the seal.
In the English language this form is more frequent than in many other languages. Moreover, you can
find some stuctures in English which are not possible in some languages.
I am told that you are going to have a baby. It is thought that the crises will end soon.

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