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    Breathing Ws

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    salahuddin_md5935
    The document describes experiments using a spirometer to measure lung volumes and breathing rates under different conditions: 1) A spirometer diagram is shown which includes a soda lime container that absorbs carbon dioxide from exhaled air, allowing breathing rate and vital capacity to be measured. 2) Results show that a student's breathing rate increased from 12 to 27 breaths per minute as cycling speed increased from 10 to 25 km/h, a 125% increase. Faster cycling speeds require more oxygen and produce more carbon dioxide, stimulating faster breathing. 3) Graphs show that a person's minute volume, the volume of air inhaled or exhaled per minute, more than doubled from rest to exercise as deeper

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    Breathing Ws

    Uploaded by

    salahuddin_md5935
    107 views10 pages
    The document describes experiments using a spirometer to measure lung volumes and breathing rates under different conditions: 1) A spirometer diagram is shown which includes a soda lime container that absorbs carbon dioxide from exhaled air, allowing breathing rate and vital capacity to be measured. 2) Results show that a student's breathing rate increased from 12 to 27 breaths per minute as cycling speed increased from 10 to 25 km/h, a 125% increase. Faster cycling speeds require more oxygen and produce more carbon dioxide, stimulating faster breathing. 3) Graphs show that a person's minute volume, the volume of air inhaled or exhaled per minute, more than doubled from rest to exercise as deeper

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    The document describes experiments using a spirometer to measure lung volumes and breathing rates under different conditions: 1) A spirometer diagram is shown which includes a soda lime container that absorbs carbon dioxide from exhaled air, allowing breathing rate and vital capacity to be measured. 2) Results show that a student's breathing rate increased from 12 to 27 breaths per minute as cycling speed increased from 10 to 25 km/h, a 125% increase. Faster cycling speeds require more oxygen and produce more carbon dioxide, stimulating faster breathing. 3) Graphs show that a person's minute volume, the volume of air inhaled or exhaled per minute, more than doubled from rest to exercise as deeper

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as rtf, pdf, or txt
    107 views10 pages

    Breathing Ws

    Uploaded by

    salahuddin_md5935
    The document describes experiments using a spirometer to measure lung volumes and breathing rates under different conditions: 1) A spirometer diagram is shown which includes a soda lime container that absorbs carbon dioxide from exhaled air, allowing breathing rate and vital capacity to be measured. 2) Results show that a student's breathing rate increased from 12 to 27 breaths per minute as cycling speed increased from 10 to 25 km/h, a 125% increase. Faster cycling speeds require more oxygen and produce more carbon dioxide, stimulating faster breathing. 3) Graphs show that a person's minute volume, the volume of air inhaled or exhaled per minute, more than doubled from rest to exercise as deeper

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as rtf, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    1.

    (a)

    The diagram below shows the structure of a spirometer, which can be used to measure lung
    volumes in humans.
    C h a rt re c o rd e r

    W ritin g p e n

    W a te r le v e l

    M o v a b le lid

    C o u n te r b a la n c e

    H in g e

    S o d a lim e
    c o n ta in e r

    M o u th p ie c e
    O xygen
    in le t

    (i)

    Explain the importance of the soda lime in the spirometer.


    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    (2)

    (ii)

    Suggest how you could use this spirometer to measure the vital capacity of a person.
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    (3)

    Al-NAjah Private School

    (b)

    An investigation was carried out into the effect of cycling speed on the breathing rate of a healthy
    student. In this investigation, an exercise bicycle was used.
    The breathing rate of the student was measured at rest. He then cycled at 10 km per hour for 2
    minutes and, immediately after, his breathing rate was recorded. He rested for 5 minutes, before
    cycling at 15 km per hour for 2 minutes, after which his breathing rate was again measured.
    This investigation was repeated at cycling speeds of 20 and 25 km per hour.
    The student rested for 5 minutes between each period of cycling.
    The results are shown in the table below.
    Cycling speed / km h

    (i)

    Breathing rate / breaths min

    0 (rest)

    12

    10

    14

    15

    17

    20

    20

    25

    27

    Calculate the percentage increase in breathing rate, as the cycling speed increased from 10
    km per hour to 25 km per hour. Show your working.

    Answer = ....................................... %
    (2)

    (ii)

    Suggest an explanation for these results.


    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    (2)
    (Total 9 marks)

    Al-NAjah Private School

    2.

    (a)

    The diagram below shows a spirometer, used to measure lung volumes in humans.

    (i)

    State the function of the soda lime.


    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    (1)

    (ii)

    Describe how you would use a spirometer to measure the tidal volume of a person.
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    (3)

    Al-NAjah Private School

    (b)

    The graph below shows a spirometer record (spirogram) from a healthy person.
    p e rs o n b re a th e d
    o u t fu lly

    V o lu m e
    / dm 3

    p e rs o n b re a th e d
    in fu lly

    4 .5
    4 .0
    3 .5
    3 .0
    2 .5
    2 .0
    1 .5
    1 .0
    0 .5
    0 .0

    12

    16

    20

    24

    28

    32

    36

    T im e / s
    From the recording, find the vital capacity of the person.
    Answer ..................................................... dm

    (1)
    (Total 5 marks)

    Al-NAjah Private School

    3.

    (a)

    The diagram below shows a spirometer. This apparatus is used to measure the volume of air
    breathed in and out and the frequency of breathing under different conditions.

    A spirometer was used to compare a persons breathing at rest and during exercise. The results are
    shown in the graphs below.
    During exercise

    V o lu m e o f o x y g e n / d m

    At rest

    1 dm

    1 dm

    10

    15

    20
    T im e / s

    Al-NAjah Private School

    25

    30

    35

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    T im e / s

    The minute volume is the volume of oxygen taken into the lungs in one minute, and is calculated
    by multiplying the tidal volume by the breathing rate.
    (i)

    Using the information in the graphs, calculate the minute volume at rest. Show your
    working.

    Answer ........................................
    (2)

    (ii)

    Calculate the increase in the minute volume that occurred in this person as a result of the
    exercise. Show your working.

    Answer ........................................
    (2)

    (b)

    Cardiac output also increases during exercise.


    (i)

    State what is meant by cardiac output.


    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    (1)

    (ii)

    Explain how increases in minute volume and cardiac output during exercise enable rapid
    delivery of oxygen to muscles during exercise.
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    ...........................................................................................................................
    (2)
    (Total 7 marks)

    Al-NAjah Private School

    4.

    Diagram A and diagram B below show recordings of the breathing patterns of a person.
    In diagram A the person is at rest. In diagram B the person has just finished a period of
    strenuous exercise.

    V o lu m e o f a ir /d m

    D ia g r a m A : a t r e s t

    0 .5 d m

    10

    20
    T im e / s

    30

    40

    30

    40

    V o lu m e o f a ir /d m

    D ia g r a m B : a f t e r e x e r c is e

    0 .5 d m

    Al-NAjah Private School

    10

    20
    T im e / s

    (a)

    Calculate the mean tidal volume between 10 and 30 seconds when the person is at rest. Show your
    working.

    Answer .................................
    (2)

    (b)

    The ventilation rate of a person can be calculated by multiplying the rate of breathing by the
    depth of breathing. Use diagram B to calculate the ventilation rate of the person during the first 10
    seconds after exercise. Show your working.

    Answer .................................
    (2)

    (c)

    Using the data in the recordings, compare the breathing patterns of this person before and after
    exercise.
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    (3)
    (Total 7 marks)

    5.

    (a)

    Explain what is meant by the term vital capacity.


    ...............................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................
    (2)

    Al-NAjah Private School

    Al-NAjah Private School

    (b)

    The graph below shows a recording of lung volumes (a spirogram) from a healthy student.

    V o lu m e / c m

    100 cm

    5
    4
    T im e / s

    From the recording, determine the tidal volume. Show your working.

    Answer ........................................
    (2)

    (c)

    Describe the effect of a small increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in inspired air on the
    breathing of a person.
    ...............................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................
    ...............................................................................................................................
    (2)
    (Total 6 marks)

    Al-NAjah Private School

    10

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