Edexcel GCE Biology Unit-5 June 2014 Question Paper (R)
Edexcel GCE Biology Unit-5 June 2014 Question Paper (R)
Edexcel GCE Biology Unit-5 June 2014 Question Paper (R)
Surname
Other names
Pearson
Edexcel GCE
Centre Number
Candidate Number
Biology
Advanced
Unit 5: Energy, Exercise and Coordination
Friday 20 June 2014 Morning
Time: 1 hour 45 minutes
Paper Reference
6BI05/01R
Total Marks
Instructions
Information
you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as
well as the clarity of expression, on these questions.
Candidates may use a calculator.
Advice
P44493A
2014 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/
*P44493A0124*
Turn over
C
Knee cap
B
D
*P44493A0224*
(1)
A
B
C
D
(iii) The muscle shown attaches to part A by
(1)
A an extensor
B a flexor
C a ligament
D a tendon
(b) A damaged cruciate ligament may require surgery.
(i) Explain the role of the cruciate ligament shown in the diagram.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Give one advantage to a patient of using keyhole surgery to repair a damaged
cruciate ligament.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P44493A0324*
Turn over
2 The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and the spinal cord.
(a) The image below of a human head and neck shows part of the CNS.
C
B
D
Using the image and your knowledge, complete the table below.
(4)
Labelled structure
Name of structure
One function
A
Thermoregulation
*P44493A0424*
(b) The structure involved in thermoregulation may cause sweat glands to release
more sweat.
Explain how increased sweating is involved in the regulation of body
temperature.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P44493A0524*
Turn over
(c) The photograph below shows a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus), a large
marine mammal.
Magnification 0.005
Domoic acid is a neurotoxin, produced by algae, that harms the brains of these
mammals. This neurotoxin damages brain cells that release a neurotransmitter
called glutamate.
(i) Describe how a neurotransmitter, such as glutamate, is released from a brain
cell.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P44493A0624*
(ii) Scientists have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide evidence
that domoic acid may damage the brains of California sea lions.
Suggest how MRI can provide this evidence.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P44493A0724*
Turn over
Epicatechin added to
drinking water
Extra exercise
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
All other variables were kept constant and after 15 days skeletal muscle from the
mice in each group was studied.
(a) The ability of the skeletal muscle to contract was compared. The time taken for
the muscle to start to fatigue (fail to contract) was recorded.
The results are shown in the table below.
Group
Range
164
10
130
128
*P44493A0824*
(b) The mean number of capillaries per muscle fibre was found for the skeletal
muscle from groups A and B.
The bar chart below shows the results.
2.0
1.8
Mean number
of capillaries 1.6
per muscle
fibre 1.4
1.2
1.0
A
B
Mouse group
*P44493A0924*
Turn over
(i) Use the information in the bar chart to describe the effect of epicatechin on
the mean number of capillaries per muscle fibre.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*(ii) Using your knowledge of respiration and the results table for groups A and
B, suggest an explanation for the effect of the change in the numbers of
capillaries on the time taken for the muscle to fatigue.
(5)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
*P44493A01024*
BLANK PAGE
*P44493A01124*
11
Turn over
4 Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are a new type of stem cell.
(a) To produce iPS cells, four genes that code for different transcription factors are
added to the genome of somatic (body) cells. The transcription factors produced
cause the somatic cells to be converted into iPS cells.
(i) Suggest why it may be better to produce differentiated cells from iPS cells
than from pluripotent stem cells.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Explain how these transcription factors may cause the somatic cells to be
converted into iPS cells.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
*P44493A01224*
(b) In 2013, it was discovered that a mixture of seven chemicals could be added to
somatic cells to cause them to develop into iPS cells rather than the need to add
genes to their genome.
Suggest how a valid comparison of these two techniques could be carried out to
discover which may be more effective for converting somatic cells into iPS cells.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P44493A01324*
13
Turn over
5 Plants can respond to environmental cues using IAA (auxin) and photoreceptors.
(a) A plant was kept in a cycle of 12 hours in the light and then 12 hours in the dark.
This plant did not flower.
It was then placed in an environment with 15 hours in the light and 9 hours in the
dark. The plant then flowered.
Explain how this change in light conditions stimulated this plant to flower.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
*P44493A01424*
(ii) Auxins can be used to kill unwanted plants such as weeds growing in grass.
The auxin stimulate the weeds to grow rapidly.
Suggest an explanation for how auxins stimulate the weeds to grow rapidly
but not the grass.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P44493A01524*
15
Turn over
6 The nervous system is made up of many different neurones including those involved
in reflex actions.
(a) The table below shows features of three types of neurone in a spinal reflex. Place
a cross in the box if the feature is present in any of the named neurones.
(4)
Feature
Type of neurone
Sensory
Relay
Motor
(b) Rod cells and muscle cells in the eye both require ATP.
(i) Name the chemical reaction that occurs when ATP is broken down.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Describe the function of ATP in a rod cell soon after a person has moved from
an area of bright light to an area of low light.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
*P44493A01624*
*P44493A01724*
17
Turn over
7 The scientific article you have studied is adapted from the book called The Immortal
Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot, published by Pan Books in 2011.
(a) MPF triggering (paragraph 6) starts the process of mitosis. Suggest three events
that occur at the beginning of mitosis in a plant cell that may be triggered by MPF.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
*P44493A01824*
(b) The genome makes sure that cells do their jobs, whether thats controlling your
heartbeat or helping your brain understand the words on this page (paragraph 10).
Suggest how cells sensitive to pH are involved in controlling heart rate.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) Like guinea pigs and mice, Henriettas cells have become the standard laboratory
workhorse (paragraph 16).
Suggest three reasons why Henriettas cells are used routinely in medical
research.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P44493A01924*
19
Turn over
*(d) By the end of 1951, the world was in the midst of the biggest polio epidemic in
history (paragraph 19). This was caused by poliovirus which can lead to paralysis
(paragraph 20).
The virus infects motor neurones which can stop skeletal muscles from working.
Explain how the structure of the cell surface membrane of a motor neurone is
related to the conduction of a nerve impulse along its axon.
(6)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
*P44493A02024*
(e) Poliovirus, like Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a retrovirus. Poliovirus was able
to infect HeLa cells (paragraph 25).
Give three differences between the structure of the genetic material in poliovirus
and the genetic material in HeLa cells.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P44493A02124*
21
Turn over
(f ) Scientists had studied genes by breeding animals then breeding their offspring to
see how genetic traits are passed from one generation to the next (paragraph 33).
When this was done using a brown mouse and a white mouse, it was found that
in the F2 generation (second generation of offspring), 75% of the mice were
brown.
In the space below, draw genetic diagrams to describe and explain the genotypes
of the parents and their offspring in the previous two generations.
(4)
22
*P44493A02224*
(g) Monoclonal antibodies are produced by hybrid cells. These cells are made by
fusing a lymphocyte with a cancer cell, such as HeLa (paragraph 37).
Suggest why cancer cells are used to form these hybrid cells.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(h) Suggest what is meant by the term genetic engineering (paragraph 47).
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) Place a cross in the box that shows the number of cells present if one cell
divided 50 times by mitosis (paragraph 58).
(1)
5
A 2
B 502
C 520
D 250
*P44493A02324*
23
Turn over
(j) Scientists knew that there was a string of DNA at the end of each chromosome
called a telomere (paragraph 60) and they also knew that human cancer cells
contain an enzyme called telomerase (paragraph 61).
State four chemical elements found in both telomeres and telomerase.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
*P44493A02424*