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Stress Transformation: Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

The document is a lecture on stress transformation in deformable solids. It discusses how the components of stress at a point are represented by six values and how these values are transformed when the coordinate axes are rotated. Specifically, it presents equations to determine the transformed normal and shear stress components (σx', σy', τx'y') for a state of plane stress defined by (σx, σy, τxy) after a rotation of θ about the z-axis. Derivation of the transformation equations is shown through consideration of equilibrium of forces on a prismatic element with faces perpendicular to the original and rotated axes.

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Kevin Robert
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
44 views

Stress Transformation: Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

The document is a lecture on stress transformation in deformable solids. It discusses how the components of stress at a point are represented by six values and how these values are transformed when the coordinate axes are rotated. Specifically, it presents equations to determine the transformed normal and shear stress components (σx', σy', τx'y') for a state of plane stress defined by (σx, σy, τxy) after a rotation of θ about the z-axis. Derivation of the transformation equations is shown through consideration of equilibrium of forces on a prismatic element with faces perpendicular to the original and rotated axes.

Uploaded by

Kevin Robert
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids

Lecture 25

Stress Transformation

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

12-1

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids


Introduction

The most general state of stress at a point may


be represented by 6 components,
x , y , z

normal stresses

xy , yz , zx shearing stresses
(Note : xy yx , yz zy , zx xz )

Same state of stress is represented by a


different set of components if axes are rotated.
The first part of the chapter is concerned with
how the components of stress are transformed
under a rotation of the coordinate axes. The
second part of the chapter is devoted to a
similar analysis of the transformation of the
components of strain.

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

12-2

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids


Introduction
Plane Stress - state of stress in which two faces of
the cubic element are free of stress. For the
illustrated example, the state of stress is defined by
x , y , xy and z zx zy 0.

State of plane stress occurs in a thin plate subjected


to forces acting in the midplane of the plate.

State of plane stress also occurs on the free surface


of a structural element or machine component, i.e.,
at any point of the surface not subjected to an
external force.
Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

12-3

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids


Transformation of Plane Stress

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

Assume that a state of plane stress


exits at point Q defined by stress
components x,y and xy.
Determine the stress components
x,y and xy associated with the
element after it has been rotated
through an angle about the z axis
and express the components in
terms of x,y, xy and .
To determine the normal stress x
and the shearing stress xy exerted
on the face perpendicular to the x
axis consider a prismatic element
with faces perpendicular to the x,
y, and x axes.
Area of the oblique face is A, the
vertical face is Acos and the
horizontal face is Asin.
12-4

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids


Transformation of Plane Stress
Consider the conditions for equilibrium of a
prismatic element with faces perpendicular to
the x, y, and x axes.
Fx 0 xA x A cos cos xy A cos sin
y A sin sin xy A sin cos

Fy 0 xyA x A cos sin xy A cos cos


y A sin cos xy A sin sin

Forces exerted on the


three faces

The equations may be rewritten to yield


x
y

x y
2
x y

xy

x y

x y
2

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

2
x y
2

cos 2 xy sin 2
cos 2 xy sin 2

sin 2 xy cos 2
12-5

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

12-6

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

12-8

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

12-10

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids

x
y

x y
2
x y

xy

x y
2

x y
2
x y
2

cos 2 xy sin 2
cos 2 xy sin 2

sin 2 xy cos 2

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

12-11

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids

12-13

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

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