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Lecture 15

1. The document discusses concepts related to moment of inertia including first moment of an area, centroid of an area, parallel axis theorem, and moment of inertia of composite areas. 2. It defines first moment of an area with respect to the x and y axes, and explains that the centroid is the point where these first moments are equal to zero. 3. The parallel axis theorem is introduced, stating that the moment of inertia of an area with respect to a given axis can be calculated from the moment of inertia with respect to a parallel axis through the centroid.

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Kevin Robert
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68 views

Lecture 15

1. The document discusses concepts related to moment of inertia including first moment of an area, centroid of an area, parallel axis theorem, and moment of inertia of composite areas. 2. It defines first moment of an area with respect to the x and y axes, and explains that the centroid is the point where these first moments are equal to zero. 3. The parallel axis theorem is introduced, stating that the moment of inertia of an area with respect to a given axis can be calculated from the moment of inertia with respect to a parallel axis through the centroid.

Uploaded by

Kevin Robert
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids

Lecture 15

Moment of Inertia

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

15-1

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids


First Moment of an Area; Centroid of an Area

Consider an area A located in the xy plane.


x and y are coordinates of an element dA
Define the first moment of area A with
respect to the x axis

Q x ydA
A

Define the first moment of the area A with


respect to the y axis

Q y xdA
A

Qx and Qy may be positive, negative or zero


depending on the position of the coordinates
axes
Units of first moments
SI: m3 or mm3
US: ft3 or in3
8-2
Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids


First Moment of an Area; Centroid of an Area

Centroid of the area


_ A is_defined as the point
C of coordinates xand ywhich satisfies the
equations
_
_

xdA A x

ydA A y

The first moments of the area A can be


expressed as
_

Qx A y

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

Qy Ax

8-3

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids


First Moment of an Area; Centroid of an Area

When an area has an axis of symmetry,


the first moment of the area about that
axis is zero
Consider area A which is symmetric
with respect to the y axis
Every element of area dA of abscissa x
corresponds to an element of area dA of
abscissa x
_

Q y xdA A x 0
A _

x0

If an area A has an axis of symmetry


then its centroid C is located on that
axis

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

8-4

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids


First Moment of an Area; Centroid of an Area

The centroid of a rectangular area


coincides with its geometric center.
Two axes of symmetry
The centroid of a circle coincides
with the center of the circle.
The centroid of the figure in lower
left can be located by symmetry.

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

8-5

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids


First Moment and Centroid of a Composite Area

Divide area A into simple geometric


shapes.
Writing the first moment Qx of the
area with respect to the x axis for
component parts A1, A2, A3,
Q x ydA ydA ydA ydA
A

A1

A2

A3

Q x A1 y1 A2 y 2 A3 y 3
_

y1 , y 2 and y 3 represent the


ordinates of the centroids of the
component areas
Similar expression can be obtained
for Qy

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

8-6

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids


First Moment and Centroid of a Composite Area

For an arbitrary number of


components areas:
_

Q x Ai y i AY ,

Q y Ai xi AX

The coordinates X and Y of the


centroid C of the composite
area:
_
_
Ai xi
Ai y i
X i
Y i
Ai
Ai
i

Where, the area A is the sum of


the component areas Ai

A Ai

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

8-7

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids


Second Moment or Moment of Inertia of an Area

Units of moments of inertia


- SI: m4 or mm4
- US: ft4 or in4

Consider area A located in the xy plane and


element dA of coordinates x and y.
The moment of inertia of area A with respect
to the x axis and moment of inertia of area A
with respect to the y axis are defined as
2
2
I x y dA I y x dA
A
A
The integrals are referred to as rectangular
moments of inertia
Each integral is actually a double integral.
Moments of inertia of an area are positive
quantities

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

8-8

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids


Polar Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration

Define the polar moment of inertia of the


area A with respect to point O:
2
J o dA
A
is the distance from O to the element dA
Relation between the polar moment of inertia
and the rectangular moments of inertia of
area A:

2
2
2
2
2
J o dA x y dA y dA x dA
A

2 x2 y 2
Note: r =

Jo Ix I y
The radii of gyration of an area A with
respect to the x axis, y axis and origin O:

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

Ix
,
A

Iy
A

Jo
A
8-9

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids


Parallel Axis Theorem
Consider the centroidal x axis, the
axis parallel to the x axis which
passes through the centroid C of the
area:
2
2

I x y dA y d dA
A

2
2
I x y dA 2d ydA d dA

y y d
Consider the moment of inertia Ix
of an area A with respect to the x
axis.
2
I x y dA

y is the distance from an element


of area dA to that axis

First integral is the moment of inertia


of the area A with respect to the
centroidal x axis, I x
Second integral is the first moment
of the area A with respect to the
centroidal x axis and is equal to
zero.
The last integral is equal to the total
area A.
2

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

I x I x Ad

8-10

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids


Parallel Axis Theorem

A similar formula may be derived for the moment of inertia Iy of an


area with respect to an arbitrary y axis:

I y I y Ad

A formula may be derived for the polar moment of inertia Jo of an area


with respect to an arbitrary point O:
2

Ad
Jo J c

Parallel axis theorem may be use only if one of the two axes involved is
a centroidal axis.

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

8-11

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids


Moment of Inertia of a Composite Area

Consider a composite area A made of several


component parts A1, A2,.
The moment of inertia of A with respect to a
given axis is obtained by adding the moments
of inertia of the component areas with respect
to the same axis
2
I
I

A
d

x
x i
i
x i
Ix
i
i

2
I
y I A d

y
i
y
Iy i
i
i
i
i

Determine the moment of inertia I x of the area


shown with respect to the centroidal x axis:
Locate centroid
Compute moment of inertia
rectangular area A1
rectangular area A2
entire area A

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

8-12

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

15-13

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

15-14

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

15-15

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

15-16

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids


1. Determine the location of the centroid.
2. Calculate the moment of inertia about
the centroidal x axis.

All dimensions are in mm.


Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

15-17

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

15-18

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids


1. Determine the location of the centroid.
2. Calculate the moment of inertia about
the centroidal x axis.

All dimensions are in mm.


Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

15-19

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

15-20

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

15-21

ME 222 Mechanics of Deformable Solids

Department of Mechanical Engineering - A. Loos

15-22

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