International Journal of Mathematics and

Computer Applications Research (IJMCAR)

ISSN(P): 2249-6955; ISSN(E): 2249-8060
Vol. 4, Issue 6, Dec 2014, 17-26
TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

AN EFFICIENT METHOD OF BOUNDED SOLUTION OF A SYSTEM OF

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS USING LINEAR LEGENDRE MULTIWAVELETS
MEENU DEVI1, S. R. VERMA2 & M. P. SINGH3
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science,
Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarkhand, India

ABSTRACT
In this paper, a method for the solution of the system of homogeneous linear differential equations with initial
conditions by using Linear Legendre Multi wavelets is proposed. The Orthonormality and high vanishing moment
properties of Linear Legendre Multi wavelets are used to find out an efficient, accurate and bounded solution for the
system. Finally numerical results and exact solutions are compared by tables and graphs for two examples.

KEYWORDS: System of Differential Equations, Legendre Multi Wavelets, Operational Matrix of Integration,
Approximation Methods
MSC2010: 33C45; 34K28; 42C10; 42C40; 65L80; 65T60

1. INTRODUCTION
Wavelet permits the perfect representation of variety of functions and operators. Moreover, wavelets established a
connection with fast numerical algorithms [1]. The advantage of Multi wavelets, as extensions from scalar wavelets and
their confident features have resulted in an increase way to study them. Features such as orthogonality, compact support,
symmetry, higher-order vanishing moments and the simple structure make Multi wavelets valuable both in theory and
applications [2-5].
In recent years, several methods have been used to solve many systems such as lumped and distributed-parameter
system [6], system of integro-differential equations [7-9], time-varying system [10], state-space system [11],
optimal control time-delayed system [12-13] etc. In this paper, the system of homogeneous linear differential equations
through Linear Legendre Multi wavelet (LLMW) bases on [0, 1] is discussed. The importance of applying Linear Legendre
Multi wavelets is that it reduces the problems to solving a set of linear algebraic equations by truncated approximation
series [14-17].
In the section 2, introduce Linear Legendre Multi wavelet (LLMW) and a method for solving the system of
homogeneous linear differential equations is developed and the theorem on the bound of approximate solution of the
system of differential equations is presented in section 3. Finally two examples are solved by the present method and
obtained the approximate solution in section 4.

2. LINEAR LEGENDRE MULTIWAVELETS

We can define a wavelet [3] on a family of functions constructed from translation and dilation of a single function
as:
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18

Meenu Devi, S. R. Verma & M. P. Singh

(2.1)
Where

are dilation and translation parameters respectively.

*Corresponding author:
E-mail address: [email protected] (S. R. Verma).
If we restrict the parameters

to discrete values i.e.

[3], we have
(2.2)

Let

be a function of

space. It said to be scaling function for

if it satisfy the following condition

.
The nested sequence

of the subspaces of

(2.3)
with scaling function

is formed multi resolution

analysis (MRA) [3].

For any orthogonal MRA with a multi scaling function . There exists multi wavelet function

orthogonal

to

each other, given by [3]:

(2.4)
And

form an orthonormal basis for

multi wavelet, firstly the scaling functions are defined

certain condition. For construction the linear Legendre

as following:
(2.5)

By the definition of MRA,

(2.6)
We construct the Linear Legendre multi-wavelet by translating and dilating the mother wavelet and

are given

by
(2.7)
The family

form an orthonormal basis for

and subfamily

kj,n

where k = 0,1, 2,... and j = 0, 1 is

an orthonormal for L2 [0,1] .

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An Efficient Method of Bounded Solution of a System of

Differential Equations Using Linear Legendre Multi Wavelets

3. METHOD OF THE SOLUTION OF SYSTEM OF HOMOGENEOUS LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS
Consider the system [18]:
(3.1)
(3.2)
With initial conditions
Where

,
are constants. After approximation

with

the help of function approximation and Operational matrix of Integration [12, 14, 19, 20, 21], one can get
(3.3)

(3.4)
Thus, by using equations (3.3) and (3.4), the equations (3.1) and (3.2) reduce into the equations (3.5) and (3.6)
respectively

Or
i.e.

(3.5)
.

Similarly

(3.6)

Where
One can get the values of
values in equation (3.4) we obtained
Theorem 3.1: Let
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from the equations (3.5) and (3.6) with the help of ref. [22] and putting these
.
is the exact solution of the system

[18].
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20

Meenu Devi, S. R. Verma & M. P. Singh

If

[0,

1]

is

the

approximate

solution

of

this

system,

then

,
Where

and

, for every

Proof: Let
Where
Taking the norm of both sides
(3.1.1)
(by orthonormality).

(3.1.2)

From [11, 12, 20, 21], we have

(3.1.3)
Where

(3.1.4)
and
for

(3.1.5)
.

The equation (3.1.2) reduces into the following form using (3.1.4) and (3.1.5),

(3.1.6)
Again using Schwarz inequality, equation (3.1.6) gets the following form,

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An Efficient Method of Bounded Solution of a System of

Differential Equations Using Linear Legendre Multi Wavelets

(3.1.7)

If

for

and

, then one has

.
Corollary 3.2 If

(3.1.8)

, any approximate solution

of the system

, where

[0,1]

will satisfy
.
Proof: Taking

in equation (3.1.8), we get

.

4. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
Example 4.1. Consider the system of homogeneous linear differential equations
0

(4.1.1)

(4.1.2)

With initial conditions

Approximating the unknown functions

and

, we have

(4.1.3)
Where

is operational matrix of integration and LLMW bases

by ref. [12, 14].

After using equation (4.1.3), the equations (4.1.1) and (4.1.2) resulted into the following forms respectively
(4.1.4)
(4.1.5)
From equation (4.1.5), we get
(4.1.6)
With this value of , equation (4.1.4), gives

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22

Meenu Devi, S. R. Verma & M. P. Singh

(4.1.7)
The simplification of the equations (4.1.6) and (4.1.7) yields:

With these values of

, one can get from equation (4.1.3)

The exact

and approximate

solutions are depicted in Figure 1 and Figure 2:

1.0
exact solution
approximate solution
1.5

2.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Figure 1:
exact solution

2.5

approximate solution

2.0

1.5

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Figure 2:
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23

An Efficient Method of Bounded Solution of a System of

Differential Equations Using Linear Legendre Multi Wavelets

And absolute error of exact

and approximate

solutions is given in Table 1:

Table 1
t

Exact
Solution

Approximate

Exact
Solution

Approximate

0.0

-1.0000

-0.994083

5.9

1.0000

0.994083

5.9

0.1

-1.10517

-1.10769

2.5

1.10517

1.10769

2.5

0.2

-1.2214

-1.2213

0.1

1.2214

1.2213

0.1

0.3

-1.34986

-1.34936

0.4

1.34986

1.34936

0.4

0.4

-1.49182

-1.49524

3.4

1.49182

1.49524

3.4

0.5

-1.64872

-1.63896

9.7

1.64872

1.63896

9.7

0.6

-1.82212

-1.82627

4.1

1.82212

1.82627

4.1

0.7

-2.01375

-2.01358

0.1

2.01375

2.01358

0.1

0.8

-2.22554

-2.22472

0.8

2.22554

2.22472

0.8

0.9

-2.4596

-2.46523

5.6

2.4596

2.46523

5.6

1.0

-2.71828

-2.56347

15

2.71828

2.56347

15

Error

Solution

Error

Solution

Example.4.2. Consider the system of homogeneous linear differential equations

(4.2.1)
(4.2.2)
With initial condition
Likewise the example 4.1, one can get

Y
And

.
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24

Meenu Devi, S. R. Verma & M. P. Singh

The exact solutions

and approximate solutions

are traced in Figure 3 and Figure 4:

exact solution

2.5

approximate solution
2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0.6

0.8

1.0

Figure 3:
exact solution

2.5

approximate solution

2.0

1.5

0.2

0.4

1.0

Figure 4:
Absolute error of exact

and approximate

solution:

Table 2
t

Exact
Solution

0.0

0.000000

0.0126046

12

1.0000

0.994083

5.9

0.1

0.110517

0.115794

5.2

1.10517

1.10769

2.5

0.2

0.244281

0.244193

0.08

1.2214

1.2213

0.1

0.3

0.404958

0.403581

1.3

1.34986

1.34936

0.4

0.4

0.59673

0.604916

8.1

1.49182

1.49524

3.4

0.5

0.824361

0.798677

2.5

1.64872

1.63896

9.7

0.6

1.09327

1.10402

10

1.82212

1.82627

4.1

0.7

1.40963

1.40937

0.2

2.01375

2.01358

0.1

0.8

1.78043

1.77772

2.7

2.22554

2.22472

0.8

0.9

2.21364

2.22992

16

2.4596

2.46523

5.6

1.0

2.71828

2.30975

40

2.71828

2.56347

15

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Approximate

Error

Solution

Exact
Solution

Approximate

Error

Solution

Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0

25

An Efficient Method of Bounded Solution of a System of

Differential Equations Using Linear Legendre Multi Wavelets

5. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, a well- organized method for solving system of homogeneous linear differential equations is
derived. Two examples are solved by this method and got more accurate solutions which are depicted by graphs because
the exact and approximate solutions are all most over lapping and solutions are bounded too. The applications of system of
homogeneous differential equations are cascade model, Newton cooling model etc.

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Meenu Devi, S. R. Verma & M. P. Singh

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