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FDM (Telephony) - Laboratory Exercises Using MATLAB

Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) allows multiple analog telephone signals to be transmitted over a single channel by assigning each signal a different frequency band. A group in FDM consists of 12 low-sideband channels from 60-108 kHz. Five groups can be combined into a supergroup occupying 312-552 kHz. Ten supergroups form a mastergroup from 564-3084 kHz containing 600 voice channels. The document describes using FDM to multiplex analog telephone signals and defines the hierarchical structure used, including groups, supergroups, and mastergroups. It also provides instructions for a MATLAB simulation to demonstrate a group and supergroup.

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558 views

FDM (Telephony) - Laboratory Exercises Using MATLAB

Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) allows multiple analog telephone signals to be transmitted over a single channel by assigning each signal a different frequency band. A group in FDM consists of 12 low-sideband channels from 60-108 kHz. Five groups can be combined into a supergroup occupying 312-552 kHz. Ten supergroups form a mastergroup from 564-3084 kHz containing 600 voice channels. The document describes using FDM to multiplex analog telephone signals and defines the hierarchical structure used, including groups, supergroups, and mastergroups. It also provides instructions for a MATLAB simulation to demonstrate a group and supergroup.

Uploaded by

Matt Imri
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Frequency-Division Multiplexing

Experiment no. ____

II. Introduction1
A number of analog telephone signals can be multiplexed onto one channel
using frequency-division multiplexing. Since these signals are analog so it is better to
use different frequencies to combine them into one channel, and to save bandwidth
of channel (either be wired or wireless) only one sideband is to be utilized. The
available spectrum is divided among different information voice or data. However,
in telephony, conversation requires only 3 kHz of bandwidth as opposed to 15 kHz
for accurate retrieval of original signal. Hence, only one sideband is necessary and
that could be either be the upper- or lower-sideband SSB.
In FDM, the channels are divided into groups forming a hierarchical structure.
The lowest of these groups is called (simply) group, which consists of 12 LSB
channels occupying 60 kHz to 108 kHz. A group is also called an A (analog) channel
bank. Five of these groups can be multiplexed together to form a supergroup, which
occupies the spectrum from 312 kHz to 552 kHz and contain 60 voice channels. If the
bandwidth of the channel (wire or wireless) permits, then ten supergroup can form
mastergroup with frequency from 564 kHz to 3084 kHz and a capacity of 600 voice
channels. For satellite communication, you can have jumbogroup (6 mastergroups or
3600 voiceband channels) or superjumbogroup (3 jumbogroups or 10,800 voiceband
channels.)

Comm.5: FDM

I. Objectives
To demonstrate the frequency-division multiplexing as it is used in analog
telephony.

III. Tools and Equipment


(1) PC
(1) MATLAB
(1) mouse
IV. Procedure
1. Open MATLAB and Simulink. Build the Simulink element of group consisting 12
LSB channels. Refer to Figure 1.
2. Use the following Simulink element by using the find browser located in
Simulink toolbar.

Blake, 2002. kindly include in your telephony and microwave design for 5th year ece students

1gm

Sine wave (carrier signal)


Product
DIR FIR Filter Design (bandpass)

Spectrum Scope

DIR FIR Filter Design (lowpass)

Parameters
Amp: 1; Bias: 0; Frequency: 2**4e3;
Phase: 0; Sample Time: 1/(256e3)
Amp: 1; Bias: 0; Frequency: 2**108e3;
Phase: 0; Sample Time: 1/(256e3)
No inputs: 2; Element-wise
Bandpass filter; Filter order: 64; Lower
cutoff frequency: 104/130; Upper cutoff
frequency:
108/130;
Window
type:
Hamming
Scope Properties:
Buffer size: 512; Buffer overflow: 64;
FFT length: check; FFT length: 512; No
spectral ave: 8
Display Property: (Same)
Axis Properties:
Frequency Units: Hz; Frequency Range:
[0Fs/2]; Min Y Limit and Max Y Limit:
(as is)
Low-pass Filter; Filter order:128; Cutoff
frequency: 3.3/4; Window type: Hamming

Comm.5: FDM

Simulink Element
Sine wave (modulating signal)

Table 1 Group Using FDM

2gm

fir 1

fir 1
B-FFT

Product

3.3kkHz
lowpass filter

104 -108 kHz


bandpass filter

108 kHz carrier1

ch 2

fir 1

ch 2: 4kHz
mod wave 1

fir 1

fir 1

B-FFT

ch 1: 3.3kHz
mod wave

Product 1

ch 12 :4kHz
mod wave 2

3.3kkHz
lowpass filter 11

fdm out

fir 1

B-FFT
Ch 12
Spectrum 1

60 -64 Hz
bandpass filter 2

fir 1

fir 1

B-FFT
Ch 2
Spectrum

100 -104 kHz


bandpass filter 2

ch 12
ch 12

Product 11

64 kHz carrier1

ch 2
ch 2

3.3kkHz
lowpass filter 1

Ch 1
Spectrum

FDM
Spectrum

ch 11:4kHz
mod wave 2

3.3kkHz
lowpass filter 10

ch 11
ch 11

B-FFT

Product 10

Ch 11
Spectrum 1

64 -68 Hz
bandpass filter 3

104 kHz carrier2

ch 3: 4kHz
mod wave 2

3.3kkHz
lowpass filter 2

fir 1

68 kHz carrier2

ch 3
ch 3
ch 3

Product 2

fir 1
B-FFT

ch 10 :4kHz
mod wave 1

Ch 3
Spectrum 1

96 -100 kHz
bandpass filter 1

fir 1

ch 10
ch 10

Product 9

3.3kkHz
lowpass filter 9

B-FFT
Ch 10
Spectrum 2

68 -72 Hz
bandpass filter 2

100 kHz carrier3


72 kHz carrier1

fir 1

ch 4: 4kHz
mod wave 1

fir 1

ch 4

3.3kkHz
lowpass filter 3

fir 1

ch 4

Product 3

fir 1

ch 9
ch 9

B-FFT
Ch 4
Spectrum 2

92 -96 kHz
bandpass filter 3

ch 9:4kHz
mod wave 2

Product 8

3.3kkHz
lowpass filter 8

B-FFT
Ch 9
Spectrum 1

72 -76 Hz
bandpass filter 1

Comm.5: FDM

fir 1

96 kHz carrier4
fir 1

ch 5: 4kHz
mod wave 2

3.3kkHz
lowpass filter 4

fir 1

76 kHz carrier2
ch 5
ch 5

Product 4

fir 1

fir 1

B-FFT
Ch 5
Spectrum 3

88 -92 kHz
bandpass filter 1

ch 8:4kHz
mod wave 1

ch 8
ch 8

Product 7

3.3kkHz
lowpass filter 7

76 -80 Hz
bandpass filter 2

B-FFT
Ch 8
Spectrum 2

92 kHz carrier5
fir 1

ch 6: 4kHz
mod wave 1

3.3kkHz
lowpass filter 5

fir 1

Product 5
84 -88 kHz
bandpass filter 2

ch 6
ch 6

fir 1

80 kHz carrier1
fir 1

B-FFT
Ch 6
Spectrum 4

ch 7:4kHz
mod wave 2

ch 7
ch 7

3.3kkHz
lowpass filter 6

Product 6

80 -84 Hz
bandpass filter 1

B-FFT
Ch 7
Spectrum 1

88 kHz carrier1
84 kHz carrier2

3. Your output should show channels from 60 to 108 kHz and that it can be shown
through the output spectrum. Double click the icon for output (or final) spectrum
and observe the output.
4. Sketch your FFT spectra output of 12 channels of a group.
5. Figure 2 shows the formation of (partial) supergroup. A supergroup consists of 5
groups occupying 312 552 kHz. Simulate a supergroup by cre-creating the block
diagram of Figure 3 using Simulink. Use a modulating wave of 84 kHz for each
group, with corresponding carrier for each group: 420 kHz, 468 kHz, 516 kHz, 564
kHz, and 612 kHz. The bandpass filter for each group will be: 312-360 kHz, 360408 kHz, 408-456 kHz, 456-504 kHz, and 504-552 kHz. Complete the block
diagram of Figure 3 and simulate it. You may ask your instructor to confirm if your
output is correct.

3gm

fir 1
group 1: 84 kHz
mod wave

gr1
gr1

B-FFT

Product

Ch 1
Spectrum

312 -360 kHz


bandpass filter

FDM
supergroup

420 kHz carrier1

B-FFT

group 2: 384 kHz


mod wave 1

gr2
gr2

Product 1
360 -408 kHz
bandpass filter 1

B-FFT
Ch 2
Spectrum 2

468 kHz carrier2

6. Draw the completed block diagram of supergroup and its FDM output

Comm.5: FDM

fir 1

FDM out
Spectrum 1

V. Questions and Problems


1. Discregarding the guardband of mastergroup, form a sketch showing the
formation of mastergroup. A mastergroup consists of 10 supergroups with a
frequency range of 564 kHz to 3084 kHz and contains 60 voice channels.
2. Simulate the one you make in Question no. 1. Include it in your microwave
design.

4gm

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