Dtpbman GE

GE Power Management
2WUWbOZB`O\aT]`[S`>`]bSQbW]\
DTP-B
7\ab`cQbW]\a
539$ "!/

*(3RZHU0DQDJHPHQW
$Q\WKLQJ\RXFDQWILQG"
$Q\WKLQJQRWFOHDUHQRXJK"
,) <28 +$9( $1< &200(17 21 7+( &217(176 2) 7+(
35(6(17 0$18$/ .,1'/< )$; 86 $ &23< 2) 7+,6 3$*(
72*(7+(5 :,7+ $ &23< 2) 7+( 3$*( :+(5( <28 +$9(
)281' 7+( 352%/(0 72 7+( )$; 180%(5
),//,1* ,1 7+( 48(67,21$,5( %(/2: :( :,// %( +$33< 72
62/9( <285 '28%76 $1' :( 7+$1. <28 )25 +(/3,1* 86
,03529(7+,60$18$/
&RPSDQ\
1DPH
$GGUHVV
3KRQH
(PDLO
'HVFULSWLRQRI\RXUTXHVWLRQRUVXJJHVWLRQ
0DQXDO*(.FRGH
)D[
7$%/(2)&217(176
*(1(5$/'(6&5,37,21
$33/,&$7,21

'(6&5,37,21

&$/&8/$7,216
2.2.1
METHOD
2.2.2
PHASE SHIFT COMPENSATION
2.2.3
CALCULATION OF CT TRANSFORMATION RATIOS AND RELAY TAPS
2.2.4
PERCENTAGE RESTRAINT SETTING

75$16)250(5&$/&8/$7,216),*85(
2.3.1
1ST ITERATION. CALCULATIONS REFERRED TO THE TRANSFORMER SHOWN IN FIGURE 6.
2.3.1.1
Matching Error
2.3.1.2
Calculation of CT Ratio Error
ND
2.3.2
2 ITERATION. NEW CT RATIOS FOR W INDINGS B AND C
2.3.2.1
Matching Error
2.3.2.2
CT Ratio Error
2.3.3
PERCENTAGE RESTRAINT SETTING K1 (FIGURE 9)
2.3.4
PERCENTAGE RESTRAINT SETTING K2 (FIGURE 9)
2.3.5
CT CONFIGURATION SETTING

2-3
2-3
2-3
2-5

2-6
2-6
2-7
2-7
2-7
2-8
2-8
2-8
2-8
23(5$7,1*35,1&,3/(6

'(6&5,37,212)7+(*(1(5$/23(5$7,1*35,1&,3/(

0($685(0(17$/*25,7+06
3.2.1
DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT
3.2.2
THROUGH CURRENT
3.2.3
HARMONIC RESTRAINT
3.2.4
INTERNAL PHASE SHIFT MATCHING

,17(51$/67$7(6

3-2
3-2
3-3
3-3

)81&7,216'(6&5,37,21

4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3

4.3.1
4.3.2

4.5.1
4.5.2

3527(&7,21)81&7,216
021,725,1*$1'5(*,67(5,1*)81&7,216
MEASUREMENT
LED INDICATORS
SELF-CHECKING FUNCTIONS
$1$/<6,6)81&7,216
EVENT RECORDER
OSCILLOGRAPHY RECORDER
6(77,1*67$%/(6
,13876$1'2873876
DIGITAL INPUTS
OUTPUTS
+80$10$&+,1(,17(5)$&(+0,
5(027(&20081,&$7,216

4-2
4-2
4-3

4-4
4-4

4-6
4-6

6(77,1*6
*(.$
'73'LJLWDO7UDQVIRUPHU3URWHFWLRQ
7$%/(2)&217(176
81,7&21),*85$7,21

,13876&21),*85$7,21
2873876&21),*85$7,21
/('6&21),*85$7,21

7(&+1,&$/&+$5$&7(5,67,&6

02'(//,67

7(&+1,&$/&+$5$&7(5,67,&6
7.2.1
MECHANICAL
7.2.2
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
7.2.3
COMMUNICATIONS
7.2.4
STANDARDS

7-2
7-2
7-2
7-3
+$5':$5('(6&5,37,21

3+<6,&$/'(6&5,37,21
8.1.1
CASE
8.1.2
ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS
8.1.3
INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION
8.1.4
IDENTIFICATION
8.1.5
MAGNETIC MODULE
8.1.6
PROTECTION CPU PROCESSING BOARD
8.1.7
COMMUNICATIONS CPU MODULE
8.1.8
INPUTS/OUTPUTS MODULE.
8.1.9
POWER SUPPLY.
8.1.10
SAMPLE & HOLD MODULE

5(&(37,21+$1'/,1* 6725$*(

,167$//$7,21

8-1
8-1
8-2
8-3
8-3
8-4
8-4
8-4
8-5
8-5

$&&(37$1&(7(676

&211(&7,216

9,68$/,163(&7,21

,168/$7,217(676

32:(56833/<

0($685(0(17&+(&.

',*,7$/,13876&+(&.,1*

2873876&+(&.,1*
9.7.1
TRIP OUTPUTS CHECKING.
9.7.2
ALARM OUTPUTS CHECKING.
9.7.3
CONFIGURABLE OUTPUTS CHECKING.

&20081,&$7,2132576&+(&.,1*

.(<3$'',63/$<$1'/('6&+(&.,1*
23(5$7,216
9.10.1
TIME SETTING.
9.10.2
COMMUNICATIONS TRIGGER.
3(5&(17$*(5(675$,17&+(&.,1*
+$5021,&5(675$,17&+(&.,1*
,167$17$1(286)81&7,21&+(&.,1*
LL
'73%'LJLWDO7UDQVIRUPHU3URWHFWLRQ

9-3
9-3
9-3

9-5
9-5

*(.$
7$%/(2)&217(176
,167$//$7,21$1'0$,17(1$1&(

,167$//$7,21
&211(&7,2172*5281'$1'68335(66,212)',6785%$1&(6
0$,17(1$1&(

.(<%2$5'$1'',63/$<

0(1875((
6(77,1*6*5283
,1)250$7,21*5283
23(5$7,216*5283
6,1*/(.(<23(5$7,21
&21),*85$7,210(18
*(.$

LLL
7$%/(2)&217(176
/,672)7$%/(6
Table I:
Table II:
Table III:
Table IV:
Internal Communications States

Internal Protection States
Settings common to all tables
Independent Settings for each table
/,672)),*85(6
Fig. 1:
Fig. 2:
Fig. 3:
Fig. 4:
Fig. 5:
Fig. 6:
Fig. 7:
Fig. 8:
Fig. 9:
LY
External connections
Panel drilling dimensions
RS-232 Connection
Dimensions diagram
Front view
Sample transformer for the calculation of settings
Operating principles of the differential protection
Block diagram of the protection
Percentage Characteristic
*(.$
*(1(5$/'(6&5,37,21

*(1(5$/'(6&5,37,21
During the last years, new technologies have achieved an important improvement in the concept of function
integration between the different components of electrical systems. There are several reasons for that
integration:
Reduce the investment in new equipment.

Optimize the use of the existing installations.
Improve the energy management system.
This function integration not only includes the high and low voltage switchgear protection and control devices,
protection of different elements, signaling and alarms of a substation, but also the monitoring of all elements,
the analysis of the great amount of available information (events, alarms, oscillography, load and demand
profiles), and certainly innovative functions, such as substation maintenance, adaptive protections, etc.
The DTP is a digital relay that provides differential (87) and backup instantaneous (87B) three phase
protection functions for power transformers. Different models of the DTP are available for protecting and
monitoring transformers with two, three, or four windings.
This equipment incorporates the following functions:
D3URWHFWLRQ
Totally digital three phase differential protection (87) with percentage restraint and harmonic restraint
(second and fifth harmonic).
Programmable backup differential instantaneous protection (87B).
Additional dynamic harmonic restraint (innovative function compared to static harmonic restraint)
Digital filtering of the zero-sequence component of the applied current.
Internal phase shift compensation system with obtaintion of the currents for each winding and phase,
from the line currents.
E0RQLWRULQJDQGUHJLVWHU
Line current (module and argument), differential current (fundamental, second and fifth harmonic) and
through RMS current measurement.
17 LED indicators (16 of which can be configured by the user).
Built in self-checking unit.
F$QDO\VLV
Historical event recorder.
Oscillography recorder.
Alarm recorder.
G&RPPXQLFDWLRQ,QWHUIDFHV
The DTP has three communication ports, one on the front of the relay, and two on the rear. The front port
(PORT 1) and one of the rear ports (PORT 3) are RS232, while the other rear port (PORT 2) can be RS232,
RS485, glass or plastic fiber optics.
The following software is associated to the DTP:
*(/2&$/ Communications Software, allowing the user to monitor and modify the protection settings,
alarms, internal status, etc.
*(,1752 Configuration Software, used for the configuration of inputs, outputs, alarms and LED
indicators.
*(26& Oscillography Software, for monitoring and analyzing oscillography records.
*(.$

*(1(5$/'(6&5,37,21
These software packages are part of GE-NESIS (General Electric NEtwork Substation Integrated System)

*(.$
$33/,&$7,21
'(6&5,37,21

$33/,&$7,21
'(6&5,37,21
The current transformer ratios and relay taps must be selected to obtain the maximum sensitivity without
risking relay measurement overflow, thermal overload of the relay or current transformers. Due to the low
level of load presented by the relay, which has a permanent thermal capacity of 4 times In, and a transient
capacity of 100 x In, it is very improbable to cause an overload this way.
Therefore, the current transformer ratios in the various windings of the power transformer should be selected
with the following points in mind:
The highest sensitivity is obtained by selecting the lowest relay tap and the lowest CT ratio. However, the
lowest CT ratio and the lowest relay tap may not be compatible with some of the following restrictions.
Where a choice is available of increasing either the CT ratio or the relay tap, it is preferable to increase
the CT ratio instead of the relay tap. Since the relay burden is usually smaller than the lead burden,
increasing the CT ratio tends to improve the relative performance of the CTs. This is a result of reducing
the maximum secondary fault current and increasing the accuracy of the CTs.
The CT secondary current must not exceed the continuous thermal rating of the CT secondary winding.
The relay current corresponding to the maximum kVA (on a forced-cooled basis) of the power
transformer must not exceed 4 times the nominal current rating of the DTP relay (5 A or 1 A), which is the
continuous thermal capacity of the DTP relay.
The CT ratios must be high enough so that the secondary currents will not damage the relay under
maximum internal fault conditions. The DTP relay can withstand 100xIn for 1 second, nevertheless, the
dynamic limit current is sensibly higher.
The relay current corresponding to rated kVA of the power transformer (on a self cooled basis) must not
exceed the relay tap value selected. Otherwise magnetizing inrush current might operate the backup
instantaneous function (87B). If the power transformer does not have a self-cooled rating, the user should
contact the manufacturer for the equivalent self-cooled rating.
The DTP relays backup instantaneous function (87B) can be set to operate for differential currents from
4 to 12 times the selected relay tap. If in-service experience results in instantaneous function operation
during magnetizing inrush conditions, such operation can be avoided by changing the setting to a value
greater than 8.
The CT, on its full-ratio or the tap chosen, must be able to supply the relay with a current of 8 times the
selected tap, with an error of less than 20% of the total current. If the current transformers produce an
error of greater than 20% at less than 8 times tap value, the harmonic content of the secondary current
may be sufficient to prevent the differential protection from operating. Since the backup instantaneous
function is activated by the fundamental component and is not affected by the harmonic content of the
differential current, the instantaneous function will operate to produce a relay trip even if appreciable CT
saturation occurs for an internal fault that produces current above the instantaneous functions
recommended pickup setting of 8 times tap.
The CT ratios must be selected to provide balanced secondary currents for the case of an external fault.
Since it is rarely possible to match the secondary currents exactly by selection of CT ratios, ratio
matching taps are provided in the relay to match the secondary currents within very narrow margins.
When the power transformer is equipped with Load Tap Changing (LTC) a close match cannot be
obtained at all points of the ratio-changing range. In this case, the secondary currents are matched at the
middle of the range and the relays percentage restraint is relied upon to prevent relay operation on the
unbalanced current when the LTC is at the ends of the range.
In some applications, one or more of the power transformers windings may be connected to the power
system via two breakers. An example is a ring bus. In this case, the CT ratios must be selected so that
*(.$

'(6&5,37,21
$33/,&$7,21
the secondary windings will not be thermally overload on load current flowing around the ring bus in
addition to the transformer load current. In such cases, it is recommended that each of the two CTs be
connected to separate relay restraint windings to assure adequate restraint for heavy through-fault
current flowing around the ring bus.

Protecting two parallel transformer banks with one DTP relay is not recommended since the sensitivity
will be reduced. Additionally, if the two banks can be switched independently, there is a possibility of false
operation when the inrush current of one transformer bank provokes a sympathetic inrush current into
the bank already energized. In this case, the harmonics tend to flow between the two banks with the
possibility that there will be insufficient harmonics in the relay current to restrain the relay. Should one
DTP relay be used to protect two independently switched parallel transformers, the DTP relays harmonic
restraint (adjustable from 12% to 50%) may be increased to preclude a misoperation.
*(.$
$33/,&$7,21
&$/&8/$7,216
&$/&8/$7,216
0(7+2'
The calculations required to determine the proper relay taps and CT ratios are described below. A sample
calculation, for the transformer shown in Figure 6, is presented.
3+$6(6+,)7&203(16$7,21
The secondary currents applied to the relay must be in phase if the EXTERNAL COMPENSATION mode is
used. The differential and through currents are obtained directly from the relay input currents, and any
required phase shift compensation or zero-sequence current elimination must be obtained by proper
connection (i.e., either wye or delta) of the current transformers.
In the INTERNAL COMPENSATION mode, phase shift compensation and zero-sequence current elimination
are taken care of in the DTP relay
&$/&8/$7,212)&775$16)250$7,215$7,26$1'5(/$<7$36
For this calculation, the following steps must be taken:
For each winding, determine the maximum line current (Ip max.) based on the maximum forced-cooled
kVA rating of the power transformer:
(Maximum transformer kVA)

Ip max=
3 x (kV - LL)
For each winding, determine the rated line current (100%Ip) based on the full self-cooled kVA rating (or
the equivalent self-cooled rating) of the power transformer.
(100% transformer kVA)

100% Ip=
3 x (kV - LL)
These calculations do not necessarily mean that each winding is going to carry these currents continuously.
This is only a convenient way of calculating the currents in the other windings in proportion to their voltage
ratings. This is the requirement for selecting the relay tap settings so that the relay will not operate for an
external fault.
Select CT ratios so that the secondary current corresponding to Ip max does not exceed the CT
secondary thermal rating. Also, select CT ratios so that the relay currents can be properly matched by
means of the relay taps.
When the DTP is set in INTERNAL COMPENSATION mode, the wye-delta changes imposed by the
transformer time group as detailed in the PHASE SHIFT COMPENSATION section can be carried out by
settings in the relay through the front keypad or the communications program. It is not necessary to perform
these changes on the CT secondaries, which can always be wye connected. In this case, the taps will be
chosen on the basis of currents resulting from the CTs wye configuration, no matter how the transformer
winding is connected (wye or delta). By means of independent settings we will inform the relay about this
connection, so that the DTP will perform internally the magnitude corrections resulting from changes wyedelta and vice-versa.
*(.$

&$/&8/$7,216
$33/,&$7,21
Determine the burden on each CT using the following expressions:
a) For wye connected CTs:

N x e + 2.5 f
Z = B + + 2.27 R
1000
b) For delta connected CTs:

N x e + 2.5 f
Z = 2B + + 2.27
1000
where:
% = DTP relay total burden (0.04 approx.).
1 = CT secondary turns
H = CT resistance per turn in milliohms.
I = CT resistance per lead in milliohms.
5 = one-way control cable lead resistance (at 75C)
The multiplying factors associated with f and R account for two cable leads instead of one, resistance value
increase due to temperature rise, and the resistance of the longest CT leads.
Determine the CT secondary current for 8 times the tap value:

Is = 8 x relay tap
1RWH)RUWKHDVVXPHGIDXOWDOORIWKHIDXOWFXUUHQWLVVXSSOLHGE\RQH&7&RQVHTXHQWO\WKH&7FXUUHQWDQG
WKHUHOD\FXUUHQWDUHWKHVDPHZKHWKHUWKH&7LVFRQQHFWHGLQZ\HRUGHOWD
Determine the CT secondary voltage required at 8 times the tap value:

Esec = Is x Z
From the excitation curve of the CT that is being used, determine the excitation current (Ie) which
corresponds to the voltage Esec.
Determine the percent error in each CT through the following expression:

Ie
% error = x 100
Is
This value must not exceed 20% for any set of CTs. If it does, it will be necessary to choose a higher CT ratio
and repeat the calculations for selecting the relay tap, mismatch error, and CT ratio error. Please refer to the
example shown in section 2.3. TRANSFORMER CALCULATIONS

*(.$
$33/,&$7,21
&$/&8/$7,216
3(5&(17$*(5(675$,176(77,1*
The appropriate percentage restraint K1 is determined by the sum of:
The maximum range of the tap changer, in percent.
The maximum mismatch error of the relay taps, in percent.
In general, if the total error does not exceed 20% use a restraint of 25%. Since the DTP relays percentage
restraint can be adjusted in steps of 0.1%, a very precise setting can be selected.
The second characteristic K2 available in the relay must be set according to the maximum through current
during external faults, where there might be partial or total CT saturation.
*(.$

75$16)250(5&$/&8/$7,216
$33/,&$7,21
75$16)250(5&$/&8/$7,216),*85(

67
,7(5$7,21&$/&8/$7,2165()(55('727+(75$16)250(56+2:1,1),*85(
0DWFKLQJ(UURU
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
$
21.9
17.5
20
1.10
0.87
wye
0.87
Transformer winding
Ipmax=5000/3x (kV-LL)
100%Ip = 4000/3 x (kV-LL)
Current CT Ratio
Isec max (less than 5 A)
100% Isec
CT Connections
Relay currents for 100% Isec
%
43.8
35
20
2.19
1.75
wye
1.75
&
87.6
70
40
2.19
1.75
wye
1.75
Select a relay tap for one of the windings (A, B, or C) and calculate the ideal relay taps for the other
windings using:
Relay current in next winding
Ideal tap=
x selected relay tap

Relay current in selected winding
9. Ideal relay taps (select A= 2.5):
2.5
5.03
5.03
2.5
(0.5xIn)
5.0
(1.0xIn)
5.0
(1.0xIn)
Select the closest available tap to the ideal taps

10. Actual relay taps (In=5)
11. Check the mismatch error:

5.00/2.5 - 1.75/0.87
Windings A-B: = -0.005%
5.00/2.5
5.00/5.00 - 1.75/1.75
Windings B-C: = 0.000%
5.00/2.5
5.00/2.5 - 1.75/0.87
Windings C-A: = -0.005%
5.00/2.5
This check is O.K. since all of the mismatch errors are less than 5%.
In case of obtaining a high error, the unbalance will always be covered by the percentage restraint
setting, although it is not recommended to have errors over 20% (including the variation due to the
possible tap changer of the transformer). Nevertheless, the DTP relay has a high tap range, in 0.01 In
steps, so that there will always be available taps very close or exact to the current values, reaching
minimum errors.
127( )RU WKLV H[DPSOH D PXOWLUDWLR WRURLGDO WUDQVIRUPHU W\SH $16, & KDV EHHQ FKRVHQ ,Q RWKHU
FDVHVWKH&7UDWLRFDQEHIL[RUWKHWUDQVIRUPHUVFDQEHGHGLFDWHG

*(.$
$33/,&$7,21
75$16)250(5&$/&8/$7,216
&DOFXODWLRQRI&75DWLR(UURU
1. CT Burdens
Assumptions:
One-way cable resistance

CT resistance per turn
CT resistance per lead
R= 0.25 ohms
e= 4.1 milliohms (100/5 CT)
e= 2.6 milliohms (200/5 CT)
f= 25 milliohms
Winding A:
(20 x 4.1 + 2.5 x 25)
Z = 0.04 + + 2.27 x 0.25 = 0.75
1000
Winding B:
(20 x 4.1 + 2.5 x 25)
Z = 0.04 + + 2.27 x 0.25 = 0.75
1000
Winding C:
(40 x 2.6 + 2.5 x 25)
Z = 0.04 + + 2.27 x 0.25 = 0.77
1000
2.
3.
4.
5.
Impedance (ohms)
Current I at 8 times the tap value (A)
Required Es (Is xZ) for the CT
Required exciting current, Ie
(from the excitation curve)
6. Ration error in %
0.75
20.0
15.0
0.75
40.0
30.0
0.77
40.0
30.0
0.87A
4.35%
>100A
>100%
0.26A
1.08%
The excitation current in winding B is excessive; therefore a higher CT ratio must be selected. The CT ratio
for winding B will be increased and the matching error and CT Ratio error will be checked again.
1'
,7(5$7,211(:&75$7,26)25:,1',1*6%$1'&
0DWFKLQJ(UURU
Transformer winding
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
100% Ip
17.5
35
New CT ratio
20
40
100% Isec
0.87
0.87
Relay currents for 100% Isec
0.87
0.87
Ideal relay taps: (select C=4.0)
2.97
2.97
Actual taps:
3.0
3.0
Check that the mismatch errors are: 0% (AB), 1.01% (BC), and 1.01% (CA).
*(.$
&
70
60
1.17
1.17
4.0
4.0

75$16)250(5&$/&8/$7,216
$33/,&$7,21
&75DWLR(UURU
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Impedance (ohms)
Current at 8 times the tap value
Required Es for CT
Required Ie
Ratio error in %
&
0.75
24
18
1
4.16%
0.75
24
18
0.2
0.83%
0.77
32
24.64
0.1
0.31%
All errors are less than 20%, therefore the CT ratios are OK.
3(5&(17$*(5(675$,176(77,1*.),*85(
Maximum tap changer range . .....................10.00%
Maximum mismatch error:
...................... 1.01%
TOTAL .........................................................11.01%
Set the percentage restraint K1 so that:
11.01% < K1 25%
3(5&(17$*(5(675$,176(77,1*.),*85(
The percentage restraint setting K2 is implemented in DTP-B relays in order to deal with unbalances caused
by saturated CTs due to high currents borne during external faults.
The break point between both slopes K1 and K2 must be set to a current value (times the tap) higher than the
forced cooling situation, and lower than the admitted emergency overload level (momentaneous).
The Percentage Restraint Setting K2 can be set to the same value as K1, or to a higher value, depending on
the previsions of possible CT saturations.
&7&21),*85$7,216(77,1*
Taking into consideration that the polarity signals P1 are on the busbar side in all windings:
1. A Current Transformer will have :\H:\H=HUR configuration (Yy) when its secondary terminal S1 is
wired to the SRVLWLYHWHUPLQDO of the corresponding phase in the relay.
2. A Current Transformer will have :\H:\H6L[ configuration (Yy6) when its secondary terminal S1 is
wired to the QHJDWLYHWHUPLQDO of the corresponding phase in the relay.

*(.$
23(5$7,1*35,1&,3/(6
'(6&5,37,212)7+(*(1(5$/23(5$7,1*35,1&,3/(

23(5$7,1*35,1&,3/(6
'(6&5,37,212)7+(*(1(5$/23(5$7,1*35,1&,3/(
The basic principle of current differential protection is illustrated in Figure 7.
When equal currents exist on both sides of the protected element in the directions indicated by Figure 7, as in
the case of an external fault, no operate current will flow in the relay.
In the case of unequal currents, the difference between I1 and I2 is the operate current. When an internal
fault occurs a direction reversal occurs, as reflected in Figure 7. Assuming perfect CT performance, any
overcurrent relay with adequate characteristics can be used as the differential relay.
For high magnitude external faults, the impossibility of obtaining a completely balanced differential circuit due
to the differences in the CT outputs makes the special characteristics provided in the DTP necessary. To
prevent operation on these unbalances, a current differential relay with percentage restraint is used. The
differential or operate current is a variable quantity, due to the effect of the restraining currents. The smaller
of the restraint currents is called the through current. The differential current required to operate the relay is
a fixed percentage of the through current. As the through current increases, the level of differential current
must increase to operate the relay.
Figure 8 represents the block diagram of the relay.
The operation of the DTP relay is described by the following equation:
[ Gd (I1 - I2)f - Gf (I1 + I2)f+h - Ga (I1 - I2)h - S ] > 0
For a three-phase transformer with two windings, the relay contains two current transformers per phase, one
on each side of the transformer. From these currents the differential current and the through current are
calculated. Additionally, each phase current is filtered, which will be explained later on, to extract select
harmonics. The magnitude of these harmonics is used to discriminate between fault conditions and the
inrush of exciting current to the transformer when it is energized.
The first term in the equation corresponds to the operate current. This corresponds to the fundamental
component of the differential current multiplied by the coefficient Gd. In the block diagram we assume, for
purposes of simplification, that Gd = 1. The 2nd term in the equation represents the percentage restraint
component. This signal is proportional to the through current and the corresponding restraint gain Gf. In the
block diagram this gain is indicated by the term GIS. The third term represents a restraining quantity
consisting of 2nd and 5th harmonics of the differential current multiplied by harmonic restraint gain Ga. In the
block diagram Ga is indicated by the gains G2 and G5.
Any DC component which is present is blocked by the input transformers and by the digital filters. Therefore,
the DC component does not produce any significant effect (overreach). The harmonic content of the inrush
current for a typical power transformer is shown below:
+$5021,&
2
3
4
5
6
2))81'$0(17$/
63.0 %
26.8 %
5.1 %
3.7%
2.4 %
This permits the harmonic restraint principle used in this relay to distinguish between faults and transformer
inrush. The ability to select the magnitude of percent harmonic restraint permits the adaptation of this
protection to any type of power transformer.
*(.$

0($685(0(17$/*25,7+06
23(5$7,1*35,1&,3/(
The last term, S, represents the sensitivity of the relay. This is the differential current at which the relay will
trip in the absence of through current and harmonics. An operation occurs If the combination of the three
factors, one operate and two restraints, is a positive value greater than the preset sensitivity.
0($685(0(17$/*25,7+06
The DTP includes a series of measurement functions in addition to the protection and control functions. The
differential current and through current in each winding of each phase are measured and displayed.
The DTP is a digital microprocessor-based relay and performs all signal processing via software. It performs
simultaneous sampling (necessary to correctly measure the phase of the signals) of all the signals at a rate of
16 samples per cycle using an analog to digital converter of high precision and resolution. This provides
unprecedented benefits which permit among other things:
High resolution for the protection settings.

A very precise measurement in a wide dynamic range.
Phase shift compensation within the relay.
A zero-sequence filter to avoid undesired trips in certain situations.
High calibration stability which avoids the need for periodic recalibrations.
Self-checking.
Possibility to include oscillography.
Possibility of hourly clock set.
Expanded setting ranges for taps, instantaneous levels, sensitivity, harmonics and percentage restraint
such this relay can be applied to any type of transformer.
Low burden.
Permits the inclusion of nonlinear algorithms which avoid undesired trips in some situations, especially
during inrush with or without load.
Makes possible a level of integration superior to that of analog models.
The division of protection and communications functions provides an additional level of redundancy.
Fault reports.
',))(5(17,$/&855(17
The differential current is defined as the difference of the restraint currents. For a two winding transformer, as
illustrated in Figure 7, the differential current is I1 - I2. From here on, all currents will be expressed as a
multiple of relay tap. The fundamental component (50 or 60 Hz depending on the setting) of the differential
current is obtained via a Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT). The DFT provides excellent frequency
filtration, making the differential current measurement immune to noise, DC components, and wave
distortion. This gives the digital DTP relay a clear advantage over other analog and hybrid (analog
measurement and microprocessor support for other functions) models.
This is illustrated in Figure 8 which is the relay block diagram. The differential current passes through a digital
filter which obtains the fundamental component (performed by the DFT). Note that the instantaneous trip
function uses the fundamental component of the differential current. This avoids undesired trips in certain
situations and provides a high level of reliability and selectivity if the instantaneous trip level is properly
adjusted.
7+528*+&855(17
Through current is defined as the smallest of the restraint currents for a through current condition (i.e., load
flow or an external fault). This can be understood intuitively as the current that passes through the
transformer. For an internal transformer fault where current flows in on each winding the through current is
zero. Through current is calculated using a special non-linear algorithm which permits compliance with the
previous definition. Through current is computed as a RMS value. This takes into account not only the
fundamental value but also all of the harmonics up to the fifth (higher order harmonics are blocked by the
low-pass anti-aliasing filters). The algorithm used to calculate the RMS value permits a high level of accuracy
in the through current measurement.

*(.$
23(5$7,1*35,1&,3/(6
0($685(0(17$/*25,7+06
+$5021,&5(675$,17
The harmonic restraint principle allows the relay to distinguish between faults and transformer inrush current.
Figure 8 shows that a restraint proportional to the second and fifth harmonics of the differential current is
used. The harmonics are extracted using DFTs. A high rate of sampling guarantees an accurate
measurement and complies with the Nyquist criteria. The total harmonic restraint is the RMS value. This
RMS value is equal to the square root of the sum of the squares of the second and fifth harmonics.
Ih = (I2/A2+ I5/A5)
Where:
Ih
I2
A2
I5
A5
Total harmonic restraint current

Second harmonic current
Second harmonic percentage restraint
Fifth harmonic current
Fifth harmonic percentage restraint
,17(51$/3+$6(6+,)70$7&+,1*
The DTP relay allows internal compensation for the phase shift across the power transformer. This is
accomplished by settings that define the connection group of each power transformer winding, as well as
the connections of the current transformers. If this compensation is performed external to the relay, so that
currents arrive in-phase, set the compensation setting to EXTERNAL. This is performed under general
settings. With this setting the relay will not filter out the zero-sequence component of current. This must be
done externally via proper CT connections. This setting is especially useful for testing the relay with single
phase and three test sources that supply in-phase currents.
If we want the relay to perform the compensation, we must set the compensation setting to INTERNAL. In
this case, the main CTs must always be wye connected. When in the INTERNAL mode, filtering of the zerosequence component is performed by the relay.
*(.$

,17(51$/67$7(6
23(5$7,1*35,1&,3/(
,17(51$/67$7(6
The DTP is a digital relay that takes the input signals, processes them according to defined algorithms, and
activates the outputs according to the input conditions. Much of the information managed by the equipment
can be used for creating special and specific configurations for each application, using the GE_INTRO
Configuration Software. With all this information, the user can configure outputs, inputs, define alarms and
configure LEDs, using the AND, OR and NOT gates logic.
The DTP stores this information as internal states. These are logic states of internal variables, which can
take 0 or 1 values. For example, a typical internal status is the out of service alarm. If activated by a
setting, its associated internal status takes the value 1, and it can be taken to an output contact, an alarm,
or a LED indicator.
In the same way, if a digital input activates, its internal state becomes 1, and it can also be taken to an
output, input, event or LED.
AND, OR, and NOT gates logics can also be performed with the internal states, for example, activating an
output when a units pickup conditions exist, and activating an input, blocking the units as a consequence of
conditions that are external to the protection.
If these internal states are properly used, really complex schemes can be achieved.
The DTP has two types of internal states:
Internal protection states
Internal communication or general states
The internal communications states are shown in the following table:
7$%/(,,17(51$/&20081,&$7,21667$7(6
,17(51$/67$7(
Mode: Remote (1) Local (0)
Rear connection
Front connection
Date/time alarm
Serial EEPROM alarm
Protection link
IRIG-B link
Events
Led 1
Led 2
Led 3
Led 4
,17(51$/67$7(
LED 5
LED 6
LED 7
LED 8
LED 9
LED 10
LED 11
LED 12
LED 13
LED 14
LED 15
LED 16
The internal protection states are shown in the following table:

7$%/(,,,17(51$/3527(&7,2167$7(6
,QWHUQDO6WDWH
Program initiate
Settings change
Configuration change
External trigger
Communications trigger
Input 7
Input 6
Input 5

,QWHUQDO6WDWH
Parallel E2PROM alarm
Serial E2PROM alarm
Out of service
Default general settings
Default table 1 settings
Tripping not permitted
,QWHUQDO6WDWH
AND1
AND2
AND3
AND4
AND5
AND6
AND7
AND8
*(.$
23(5$7,1*35,1&,3/(6
,QWHUQDO6WDWH
Input 4
Input 3
Input 2
Input 1
87B A Trip
87B B Trip
87B C Trip
87 A Trip
87 B Trip
Buchholz Trip
Temperature Trip
*(.$
,17(51$/67$7(6
,QWHUQDO6WDWH
Buchholz Alarm
Temperature Alarm
Tripping Contact
Active Table 1
Active Table 2
Active Table 3
New events
Trip Block
,QWHUQDO6WDWH
AND9
AND10
AND11
AND12
AND13
AND14
AND15
AND16

,17(51$/67$7(6

23(5$7,1*35,1&,3/(
*(.$
)81&7,216'(6&5,37,21
3527(&7,21)81&7,216

)81&7,216'(6&5,37,21
3527(&7,21)81&7,216
The DTP has two differential protection functions:
Function 87 with percentage restraint and harmonic restraint (second and fifth harmonic).
Programmable instantaneous protection (87B) for differential current.
Their operation and application is described in sections 2 and 3.

The percentage restraint characteristic is composed of two protection zones. The inflexion point between
them, and the different slopes, can be configured by settings. If only one protection zone is required, the
same slope must be configured for both zones.
*(.$

021,725,1*$1'5(*,67(5,1*)81&7,216
)81&7,216'(6&5,37,21
021,725,1*$1'5(*,67(5,1*)81&7,216
0($685(0(17
The DTP relay can measure the following magnitudes:
Line current (module and argument for each phase and winding)
Differential and through current for each phase.
Second and fifth harmonic current for each phase.
These measurements can be accessed either locally, on the liquid crystal display (LCD) on the front of the
relay, or via the GE_LOCAL communication software, in the measurements screen. The line current
measures offered by the equipment are affected by the CT ratios defined in the general settings (CT RATIO
X DEV).
The line current arguments take as reference phase A (0) of the transformers primary winding. 7KHUHIRUH
WKLVSKDVHPXVWEHSUHVHQWVRWKDWWKHPHDVXUHPHQWVRIWKHDUJXPHQWVDUHFRKHUHQW.
/(',1',&$7256
An internal states matrix stores the digital information for all the units (inputs, pickups, alarms, etc.). The
digital signals on this matrix are grouped in groups of 16 signals; up to a total of 10 groups; the final group
corresponds to the 16 AND gates definable using the programmable logic of GE_INTRO configuration
software. Therefore, the selected signals, or the result of an AND gate from a group, can be taken to this last
AND1....AND16 group.
The DTP unit has a total of 17 LED indicators, one fixed bicolor assigned to the critical alarm function of the
unit and 16 red LED indicators, arranged in one column. They can be configured using the GE-INTRO
configuration software to any of the user definable alarms (32 protection alarms and 16 communication
alarms for 2 and 3 windings models, or 16 protection alarms and 16 communication alarms for 4 windings
models) assigned from among the protection and communication states. To define each alarm, the user can
use 16 inputs OR gates. All the inputs to an OR gate must belong to the same group in the states matrix.
Similarly, each LED can be configured to have memory in the absence of auxiliary power supply (the status of
the LED with memory is registered on the EEPROM memory). They can also be configured to blink when
turned on.
There is a test option for the LEDs, lighting them all up when the TARGET RESET button is pressed. When
this button is held down the LED indicators are reset.
The DTP units are supplied from the manufacturer with the following default configuration of the LEDs:
/('1R
1

'(6&5,37,21
87 A Trip
/('1R
9
'(6&5,37,21
Temperature Alarm
87 B Trip
10
Temperature Trip
87 C Trip
11
Out of Service
87B A Trip
12
Trip not permitted
87B B Trip
13
EEPROM Alarm
87B C Trip
14
Date & Time Alarm
Buchholz Alarm
15
Buchholz Trip
16
Internal communication
fRemote
il
mode
*(.$
)81&7,216'(6&5,37,21
021,725,1*$1'5(*,67(5,1*)81&7,216
6(/)&+(&.,1*)81&7,216
As an advantage of its digital technology, the DTP system incorporates self-checking functions, which
guarantee the correct performance of the unit and will block the operation in case of internal errors.
These self monitoring checks are carried out both when the unit is started up and during normal operation.
The checks are carried out on the internal power supply, program memory (ROM), working memory (RAM),
oscillographic memory (RAM) and settings and calibration memory (EEPROM).
In addition there is a hardware test for the LED indicators, which light them all up when the button TARGET
RESET is pressed. If the button is kept pressed down for more than one second the memory for all the
indicators will be reset.
*(.$

$1$/<6,6)81&7,216
)81&7,216'(6&5,37,21
$1$/<6,6)81&7,216
(9(175(&25'(5
The DTP equipment keeps a record of the last 166 events and stores the following information: date and time
(1 msec. resolution), the type of event, the value of the differential and through currents measured at the time
the event occurred, and the internal states matrix of the unit.
This event recorder is stored in a non-volatile memory and can be maintained indefinitely, even with no power
supply.
The generated events are associated to the internal protection and communication states.
26&,//2*5$3+<5(&25'(5
The DTP unit stores up to 4 oscillography registers, with a resolution of 16 samples per cycle. Each register
has a maximum capacity of 66 cycles. The number of pre-fault cycles can be selected from 2 to 10 cycles.
Each of the registers includes the following information:
Instantaneous values for current inputs (IA, IB, IC)

Digital information: Status of protection functions.
Date and time.
Causes that generated the oscillographic register.
Active settings in the moment of the register.
The causes that can generate the oscillography trigger are the following:
87B phase A Trip
87B phase B Trip
87B phase C Trip
87 phase A Trip
87 phase B Trip
87 phase C Trip
Buchholz Trip
Overtemperature Trip
Input Trigger
Communications Trigger
There is a mask that can be configured (Oscillography Mask Settings Group) and that determines which
functions or internal trips start the oscillography. It also can either be started by a configurable digital input, by
communications or directly from the MMI.
The oscillography registers are retrieved and converted into a COMTRADE IEEE standard format file using
the GE-LOCAL communications program. They can be visualized using the GE-OSC program, or any other
program that accepts the COMTRADE IEEE C37.111-1991 International Standard format or ASCII files (for
TM
example EXCEL ).

*(.$
)81&7,216'(6&5,37,21
6(77,1*67$%/(6
6(77,1*67$%/(6
The DTP has three independent settings tables, stored in non-volatile memory, so they are kept even if there
is no auxiliary voltage. Only one settings table is active each time, and this is the one used by the system for
performing the different functions.
Of all the existing settings in a DTP unit, there are several generic groups (General Settings, Active Table,
Self Settings, Oscillography Masks and Permissions for each Function), which are common to all the settings
tables, while the Differential Function Settings group, is accessed separately for each table.
There is a setting called ACTIVE TABLE that allows to select the active settings table in each moment.
There is also a way to change the settings table using up to 2 digital inputs, called TABLE 0 SELECTION
AND TABLE 1 SELECTION. These allow up to 4 different combinations, from 0 to 3. In order to operate this
way, the inputs must be configured to perform the settings table change. For applications requiring fewer
tables (up to 2), only one input needs to be used.
The selected combination is obtained from the binary codification of the two mentioned inputs (please refer to
the following table). 0 means selecting the table indicated in the ACTIVE TABLE setting, and numbers 1 to
3 select tables 1 to 3 respectively.
1XPEHU
0
1
2
3
6HOHFWLRQ,QSXW
0
0
1
1
6HOHFWLRQ,QSXW
0
1
0
1
$FWLYH7DEOH
Selected by setting
1
2
3
127(,IWKHWDEOHFRQWURORSWLRQLVVHOHFWHGE\WKHVHLQSXWVWKLVVHOHFWLRQZLOOKDYHSULRULW\RYHUWKH$&7,9(
7$%/(VHWWLQJDQGWKHXVHGWDEOHZLOOEHGHWHUPLQHGE\WKHVWDWXVRIWKHGLJLWDOLQSXWV
*(.$

,13876$1'2873876
)81&7,216'(6&5,37,21
,13876$1'2873876
',*,7$/,13876
The DTP has 7 digital inputs (with a common), all of them configurable by the user with the GE_INTRO
configuration software. One of the following values can be assigned to each input:
Unused input
External Trigger (P)
Table 0 Selection (L)
Latching relay reset. (L)
Buchholz Alarm (L)
Buchholz Trip (L)
Overtemperature Alarm (L)
Overtemperature Trip (L)
Trip block (L) (Affecting only functions 87 and 87B)
The external connections diagram, in figure 1, shows the default inputs configuration.
127(3PHDQVWKDWWKHIXQFWLRQDVVLJQHGWRWKHLQSXWLVDFWLYDWHGE\SXOVHDQG/PHDQVWKDWWKH
IXQFWLRQLVDFWLYDWHGE\OHYHOWKDWLVZKLOHSRZHUVXSSO\LVDSSOLHGWRWKHLQSXWDQGLVGHDFWLYDWHGZKHQWKLV
SRZHUVXSSO\VWRSV
2873876
The DTP has 13 outputs as follows:
4 trip
1 alarm
8 configurable outputs.
The technical characteristics of the outputs are explained in section 6.

The configurable outputs can be programmed using a logic based on the internal protection states (pick-ups,
trips, alarms, etc.). The internal states of the DTP can be used to carry out logical operations NOT, AND, and
OR. This gives a great flexibility to the unit.
The output configuration is done using different levels. At the first level it is possible to use AND gates of up
to 16 signals. The output is incorporated into the states matrix so that it can in turn be used in next AND
gates of up to 16 inputs. This process can continue until the 16 ANDs are used.
Once the AND gates have been configured it is possible to create a second level with OR gates of 16 inputs
limited to the established groups of bytes, and whose logical outputs are assigned to physical outputs of the
unit.
The default output configuration is included in the external connections diagram in figure 1.

*(.$
)81&7,216'(6&5,37,21
+80$10$&+,1(,17(5)$&(
+80$10$&+,1(,17(5)$&(00,

The DTP unit includes as standard a 20 key keyboard and a 2-line liquid crystal display (LCD) with 16
characters per line. This display has highly reliable LED diode back lighting (the screen brightness can be
adjusted on the rear of the front board).
By means of this interface the user can change the settings, visualize measurements, carry out operations
and access information stored in the unit. The functions of this local interface and how to use it are described
in the section KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY.
5(027(&20081,&$7,216
The relay has 2 serial gates and three connectors. Gate 1 can be reached from the front of the relay in
connector 1 (PORT 1 connector) or from the back (PORT 2 connector). The second gate can be reached
from connector 3 (PORT 3 connector) which is located on the rear.
There are different models each with a different physical connection for the PORT 3 connector (RS-232, RS485 or fiber-optic). In the "RS232" models the three connectors are RS232. In the RS232 and RS485
models, PORT1 and PORT2 are RS232, while PORT3 is RS485. In the "RS232 and fiber-optic" models the
PORT1 and PORT2 connectors are RS232 while the PORT3 connector is replaced by a fiber-optic
connector.
PORT 1 connector has priority over PORT 2 connector and is selected when the DCD (Data Carrier Detect)
signal is activated. Figure 3 illustrates how to make the connections to a personal computer.
Gate 1 (PORT 1 and PORT 2 connectors) and 2 (PORT 3 connector) are independent and the unit can serve
them simultaneously.
The communications protocol (MLINK) is the same as that used for the rest of the DDS System GE Digital
Protections, and requires the use of the GE-LOCAL software. The protocol is reliable and allows
communication with different protection systems. It guarantees very efficient data transfer (especially for the
oscillography and other large files) along with error detection and automatic communication recovery.
The status of the local/remote communication is indicated on the front of the unit by LED indicator 16 (the last
LED in the right-hand column.) Local communication refers to communication via the keyboard/display (local
display showing any information except for the initial DTP GENERAL ELECTRIC screen), or via
communications gate 1 (PORT 1, PORT2 connectors), and remote communication refers to connection via
gate 2 (PORT 3 rear connector), or when in the initial DTP GENERAL ELECTRIC screen, PORT1 is not
connected.
Local and remote communications can exist at the same time, although there is only one possibility for
changing settings and carrying out operations, since this can only be done with the communication which has
priority (local communication) while the other is limited only to accessing information. When the local
communication is interrupted, either by the disconnection of PORT 1 connector or because the MMI is on the
initial screen (a situation which can be caused intentionally, or automatically if no key has been pressed for 15
minutes), the remote communication recovers the ability to modify settings and carry out operations.
The unit can implement a different protocol, apart from MLINK. In this case, the relay communicates using
MLINK by PORT1 (connectors 1 and 2), and the other protocol uses PORT2.
*(.$

+80$10$&+,1(,17(5)$&(

)81&7,216'(6&5,37,21
*(.$
6(77,1*6

6(77,1*6
The following tables describe the settings incorporated in the DTP unit, together with their ranges, units and
corresponding steps. The column marked DEFAULT indicates that this is the setting on the relay when it
leaves the factory.
It is possible to see the settings or to modify them manually, using the keyboard and display, or using a
computer connected to any of the serial ports. To modify the settings by means of the keyboard, please refer
to section 11 "KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY". To modify the settings by computer, please follow these
instructions:
Make sure that the available connection wire coincides with the diagram in figure 3, depending on
whether the serial port of your computer is DB9 or DB25.
Connect the cable between the relay (or modem) and the serial port of your computer.
Run the GE-LOCAL software. For more details on the installation and use of the GE-LOCAL software
please refer to the GE-LOCAL instruction book.
Make sure that the program configuration communication parameters coincide with those of the DTP
unit. More specifically, the parameters for the communication configuration of the local MMI are the
following:
UNIT NUMBER
PASSWORD
COMMUNICATION BAUD RATE (for the relay, depending on which port is being used (local
or remote))
STOP BIT (for the relay, depending on which port is being used (local or remote))
To modify or view the units configuration parameters go to the configuration menu, and follow the
instructions given in section 11 "KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY".
When connecting to the unit, check that the relay number and password coincide with those which appear on
the units configuration menu.
The DTP system has 3 settings tables stored in non-volatile memory, and these can be selected by settings
or configurable inputs. The following categories contain the settings common to the 3 tables:
GENERAL
ACTIVE TABLE
PROTECTION SETTINGS
OSCILLOGRAPHY MASKS
PERMISSIONS FOR EACH FUNCTION
The differential unit settings can be selected for each of the three tables independently.
It should be noted that in order to simplify the setting of the unit, and for safety reasons, all settings related to
the configuration of the unit (configurable inputs and outputs, alarms configuration and LEDs) have been
removed from the keyboard/display and communications software. To carry out these configurations the GEINTRO configuration software must be run.
The following settings are common to all tables:
*(.$

6(77,1*6
7DEOH,,,6(77,1*6&2002172$//7$%/(6
6HWWLQJ
*HQHUDO6HWWLQJV
Relay Status
Identification
Frequency
st
1 winding CT ratio
nd
2 winding CT ratio
rd
3 winding CT ratio
th
4 winding CT ratio
Compensation
/LPLW
'HIDXOW
6WHS
In/out of service
20 ASCII characters
50 / 60 Hz
1 - 4000
1 - 4000
1 - 4000
1 - 4000
External/Internal
In service
No Id.
50 Hz
1
1
1
1
External
N/A
N/A
N/A
1
1
1
1
N/A
$FWLYH7DEOH6HWWLQJV
Active Table
1-3
0.5 - 20 x In
0.5 - 20 x In
0.5 - 20 x In
0.5 - 20 x In
Y,D,ZZ
Y, D, ZZ
0 - 11
Y, D, ZZ
0 - 11
Y, D, ZZ
0 - 11
Y0, Y6, D1, D5,
D7,D11
Y0, Y6, D1, D5,
D7,D11
Y0, Y6, D1, D5,
D7,D11
Y0, Y6, D1, D5,
D7,D11
1
1
1
1
Y
Y
0
Y
0
Y
0
Y0
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
N/A
N/A
1
N/A
1
N/A
1
N/A
Y0
N/A
Y0
N/A
Y0
N/A
2VFLOORJUDSK\0DVN
Number of pre-fault cycles
Trip 87B A
Trip 87B B
Trip 87B C
Trip 87 A
Trip 87 B
Trip 87 C
Buchholz Trip
Temperature Trip
Input Trigger
CommunicationTrigger
2- 10
Enabled/ Disabled
Enabled/ Disabled
Enabled/ Disabled
Enabled/ Disabled
Enabled/ Disabled
Enabled/ Disabled
Enabled/ Disabled
Enabled/ Disabled
Enabled/ Disabled
Enabled/ Disabled
4
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
)XQFWLRQ3HUPLVVLRQ*URXS
87B Function permission
87 Function permission
nd
2 harmonic restraint
th
Trip 87B
Trip 87
Allowed/Not allowed
Allowed/Not allowed
Allowed/Not allowed
Allowed/Not allowed
Enabled/ Disabled
Enabled/ Disabled
Not allowed
Not allowed
Not allowed
Not allowed
Enabled
Enabled
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
3URWHFWLRQ6HWWLQJV
st
1 winding tap
nd
2 winding tap
rd
3 winding tap
th
4 winding tap
st
1 winding configuration
nd
nd
2 winding time group
rd
rd
th
th
st
1 winding CT configuration
2
nd
winding CT configuration
rd
th

*(.$
6(77,1*6
The independent settings for each table are as follows:
7DEOH,9,QGHSHQGHQW6HWWLQJVIRU(DFK7DEOH
6HWWLQJ
'LIIHUHQWLDO)XQFWLRQ
6HWWLQJV
Sensitivity
K1-K2 Inflexion
K1 percentage restraint
K2 percentage restraint
nd
th
87B tap
/LPLW
'HIDXOW
6WHS
0.2 - 0.4 x Itap

0 - 10 x Itap
15 - 100 %
15 - 100 %
12 - 100 %
12 - 100 %
4 - 12 x Itap
0.3
5.0
30
30
100
100
8
0.01
0.01
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01%
0.01 A
&RPPHQWVDERXWWKH6HWWLQJV
The "ACTIVE TABLE" setting allows you to select which of the three settings tables on the DTP unit is active
at a given moment. This selection can also be carried out by digital inputs configured for this purpose. If there
is a disagreement between this setting and the input selection, the last one has priority over the table
selection via setting.
The "PREFAULT CYCLES" setting is the number of cycles before the oscillography trigger to be registered
by the system (between 2 and 10 cycles). In any case the total number of cycles for an oscillography register
is preset at 66 cycles, regardless of the setting for the number of pre-fault cycles.
The K1-K2 INFLEXION is the limit between two different zones of the percentage restraint. The set value is
the through current value, for which the slope changes.
The settings related to the third and fourth winding, will only be present in those units with 3 or 4 windings.
*(.$

6(77,1*6

*(.$
81,7&21),*85$7,21
,13876&21),*85$7,21

81,7&21),*85$7,21
The DTP protection system has user configurable inputs, outputs, and LED indicators. These configurations
are performed using the GE_INTRO software.
,13876&21),*85$7,21
One of the following meanings can be assigned to any of the 7 inputs:
Unused input
External Trigger (P)
Buchholz Alarm (L)
Buchholz Trip (L)
Overtemperature Alarm (L)
Overtemperature Trip (L
Trip block (L) (Affecting only functions 87 and 87B)
Besides these possibilities, the configurable inputs can also be used for implementing different schemes
performing logic ANDs with the inputs, and assigning them to the outputs. For this purpose, the inputs must
be configured as Unused input.
The performance of each input is detailed in the following paragraphs:
([WHUQDO 7ULJJHU 3: This input is activated by pulse, and the relay captures the oscillography on
activation. It also generates an event.
7DEOH6HOHFWLRQ/): This input is activated by level, and it is used for changing the active settings table.
Please refer to section 4.4 for further details.
7DEOH6HOHFWLRQ/: Same as the previous one.
%XFKKRO]$ODUP/ This input is activated by level, and it confirms the existence of the Buchholz alarm.
%XFKKRO]7ULS/ This input is activated by level, and it activates the tripping relays.
2YHUWHPSHUDWXUH DODUP / This input is activated by level, and it confirms the existence of the
overtemperature alarm.
2YHUWHPSHUDWXUH7ULS/ This input is activated by level, and it activates the tripping relays.
7ULS %ORFN / This input is activated by level, and it blocks the tripping functions. If any function has
tripped before the input activation, the trip will last until the reason that caused it disappears.
*(.$

2873876&21),*85$7,21
81,7&21),*85$7,21
2873876&21),*85$7,21
The DTP system has 8 user configurable outputs, and 5 non-programmable outputs. The configurable
outputs are identified in the external connections diagram (figure 1) as SP1, SP2, etc. Any internal protection
state shown in TABLE II can be assigned to a programmable output, as well as the activation or deactivation
of an internal state. Also, AND and OR logics can be performed with the outputs.
For example, if we want to configure protection output 4 to the logic AND of input 3 and the 87B A TRIP, we
will follow these steps:
In the output ANDs screen, we configure AND1 to the INPUT3 activation.

In this same screen, we configure AND2 to 87B A TRIP.
In this same screen, we configure AND3 as the logic AND for AND1 and AND2.
In the output configuration screen, we configure SP4 output to the activation of AND3.
/('6&21),*85$7,21
The DTP unit has a total of 16 configurable LEDs. These can be associated to the internal protection and
communication states. A LED can be configured to blink, or to remain lit up when activated. Similarly, the
user can select whether he/she wants the LED to be memorized in the absence of the activation condition.
For configuring a LED, it is first necessary to associate an internal state to a protection or communication
event. Once this step is completed, the LED is associated to an event.
For example, if we want LED12 to light up when the A differential function trips, we will follow these steps:
In the PROTECTION EVENT ASSIGNATION menu, we associate Protection Event 1 to Differential A
Trip.
In the LED assignation menu, we will associate LED12 to Protection Event 1.

*(.$
7(&+1,&$/&+$5$&7(5,67,&6
02'(//,67

7(&+1,&$/&+$5$&7(5,67,&6
02'(//,67
'73
'(6&5,37,21
2 Windings
3 Windings
4 Windings
&RPP3URWRFROV

P1, P2, P3: Mlink
P1, P2: Mlink ; P3: ModBus

RTU

In = 1A for all windings
In = 5A for all windings
In = 5A for winding 1 and

In=1A for the rest of windings.
In = 1A for winding 1 and

In=5A for the rest of windings.
&
In = 1A for windings 1 and 2,

and In=5A for windings 3 and
4.
&RPPXQLFDWLRQV

3x RS-232
2x RS-232 + Plastic F.O.
2x RS-232 + Glass F.O.
2x RS-232 + RS-485
00,/DQJXDJH
0
'
Spanish
English
*
Vaux=48 - 125Vdc
Vaux=110 - 250Vdc

Special Model
%
*(.$
Revision Level

7(&+1,&$/&+$5$&7(5,67,&6
7(&+1,&$/&+$5$&7(5,67,&6
7(&+1,&$/&+$5$&7(5,67,&6
0(&+$1,&$/
Metal casing, 19 inches rack case 4 units high

IP52 Grade Protection (as per IEC 529)
Local MMI with LCD screen consisting of 2 rows of 16 characters and 20 key keyboard
Rear connection by means of 8 strips of 12 terminals each
Dimensions: 437 x 200 x 176 mm (19 rack 4 units high)
Weight: net 12 kg. Shipping 13 kg.
(/(&75,&$/&+$5$&7(5,67,&6
RU+]
9GFRU9GFGHSHQGLQJRQWKHPRGHO

6DPHDVDX[LOLDU\YROWDJH
Frequency:
Auxiliary Voltage:
Digital Input Voltage:
Thermal Capacity
Current circuits:
- Continuous:
[,Q
- During 3 sec.:
[,Q
- During 1 sec.:
[,Q
Temperature:
- Operating:
&WR&
- Storage:
&WR&
Humidity:8SWRZLWKRXWFRQGHQVDWLRQ
Tripping contacts:
- Rated voltage/maximum
9$&
opening voltage:
- Rated current / closing current.
$
- Operating Power
9$
6
- Mechanical Life
[10 RSV
Burdens and Consumption:
- Current circuits:
,Q $
- Continuous:
:
- Per active input:
P$:9DX[ 9FF
&20081,&$7,216
- RS232 using female DB9 connector (2/3 connectors depending on the model).
- RS485 (depending on the model)
- Mode: Half duplex.
- 1 mm plastic Fiber Optic (depending on the model):
Typical power output:
-8 dBm
Receiver sensitivity:
-39 dBm
Numeric aperture N.A.
0.5
Wave length:
660 nm (visible red)
HFBR-4516 type connector

*(.$
7(&+1,&$/&+$5$&7(5,67,&6
7(&+1,&$/&+$5$&7(5,67,&6
- Glass Fiber Optic 62.5 /125 (depending on the model):

Typical power output:
-17.5 dBm
Receiver sensitivity:
-25.4 dBm
Numeric aperture N.A.
0.2
Wave length:
820 nm (near infrared)
SMA Type connector
67$1'$5'6
The DTP equipment complies with the following standards, which include the GE insulation and
electromagnetic compatibility standard and the standards required by Community Directive 89/336 for the EC
market, in line with European standards. It also complies with the European directive requirements for low
voltage, and the environmental and operating requirements established in ANSI standards C37.90, IEC 2555, IEC 255-6 and IEC 68.
7HVW
6WDQGDUG
&ODVV
Insulation Test Voltage
IEC 255-5
Impulse Voltage Withstand

1 MHz interference
Electrostatic discharge
IEC 255-5
IEC 255-22-1
IEC 255-22-2
EN 61000-4-2
IEC 255-22-3
ENV 50140
600V, 2kV
50/60 Hz 1 min
5 kV, 0.5 J
III
IV
8 kV
III
10 V/m
ENV 50141
10 V/m
ENV 50204
10 V/m
IEC 255-22-4
EN 61000-4-4
EN 61000-4-8
EN 55011
IV
Immunity to radio interference

Electromagnetic fields radiated with
amplitude modulation.
amplitude modulation. Common mode
frequency modulation
Fast transients
Magnetic fields at industrial frequency
RF emission
*(.$
30 Av/m
B

7(&+1,&$/&+$5$&7(5,67,&6

7(&+1,&$/&+$5$&7(5,67,&6
*(.$
+$5':$5('(6&5,37,21
3+<6,&$/'(6&5,37,21

+$5':$5('(6&5,37,21
&$87,21
7KH'73FRQWDLQVHOHFWURQLFFRPSRQHQWVWKDWFRXOGEHGDPDJHGE\HOHFWURVWDWLFGLVFKDUJHLIWKRVH
FXUUHQWV IORZ WKURXJK FHUWDLQ WHUPLQDOV RI WKH FRPSRQHQWV 7KH PDLQ VRXUFH RI HOHFWURVWDWLF
GLVFKDUJHFXUUHQWVLVWKHKXPDQERG\HVSHFLDOO\LQFRQGLWLRQVRIORZKXPLGLW\FDUSHWHGIORRUVDQG
LVRODWLQJVKRHV:KHUHWKHVHFRQGLWLRQVH[LVWFDUHVKRXOGEHH[HUFLVHGZKHQUHPRYLQJDQGKDQGOLQJ
WKHPRGXOHV7KHSHUVRQVKDQGOLQJWKHPRGXOHVVKRXOGPDNHVXUHWKDWWKHLUERG\FKDUJHKDVEHHQ
GLVFKDUJHGE\WRXFKLQJVRPHVXUIDFHDWJURXQGSRWHQWLDOEHIRUHWRXFKLQJDQ\RIWKHFRPSRQHQWVRQ
WKHPRGXOHV
3+<6,&$/'(6&5,37,21
&$6(
The DTPs case is a standard 19 rack 4 units high, manufactured in stainless steel and painted with gray
epoxy resin. It is composed of a backbone structure, that includes the strips where all the modules and
boards are connected, plus a rear plate with all the female connectors. All the boxes have a surge ground
connection terminal, essential not only in terms of safety, but also on behavior against electromagnetic
disturbances.
All modules are drawout type, enabling easy maintenance and repair of the unit.
The DTP also incorporates a plastic antitampering front cover. This cover keeps the relay sealed and
provides a high protection against dust and water (IP52 index according to IEC 529). The use of a pushbutton allows access to the main functions without the need of removing the cover.
The front view of a typical DTP-B equipment is shown on figure 5.
(/(&75,&$/&211(&7,216
All the DTP electrical connections (voltage inputs and digital I/Os) are done through drawout terminal boards
of 12 terminal blocks each, located on the rear of the device.
Besides those terminal blocks, the DTP units include two communication ports with three connectors; one
front DB-9 port for local connection, and two more located on the rear, to be used for remote connection to a
PC (point-to-point mode), or for network connection with other DDS System compatible units connected by
means of a Level 2 Substation Concentrator PC. The front connector, and one of the rear connectors share
the same DB-9 port. The second communications port can be selected among the following:
RS-232
Glass F.O.
Plastic F.O.
RS-485
The rear plate also includes the terminal blocks for time synchronization through a demodulated IRIG-B input.
*(.$

3+<6,&$/'(6&5,37,21
+$5':$5('(6&5,37,21
,17(51$/&216758&7,21
Internally, the DTP units consist of the following 4 units high drawout modules:
1 power supply module.

1 or 2 magnetic modules, depending on the number of windings (analog inputs).
1 protection CPU module.
1 communications CPU module
1 digital inputs & outputs mixed module.
1 Sample & Hold Module.
Each of these modules has a DIN type front connector for the connection to the internal communication bus.
Also, in the case of having connections to the outside (inputs, outputs, and power supply modules), the male
part of the terminal block is incorporated. The female part of the connector is located on the rear plate of the
case. All these boards are inserted in the box, perpendicularly to the rear plate.
Besides all these modules, there are some other boards mounted in parallel to the front of the box. These
boards are:
,QWHUQDO%XVERDUG
This is a PCB that performs the connection between the digital inputs and the power supply through its front
DIN connectors.
)URQW'LVSOD\%RDUG
It is a PCB that includes the LCD display for the protection management, and the configurable LED
indicators. Additionally, the board includes the front communications connector, and the bicolor LED indicator
of the unit status.
The front module is mechanically and solidly connected to the keypad board; the electrical connection is done
through a flexible flat cable of 12 pins.
The subgroup formed by these two front boards is connected to the rest of the unit through another flexible
flat cable of 40 pins, connected to the front of the communications CPU
)URQW.H\SDG%RDUG
It is a PCB that is solidly joined to the front board of the display, as mentioned before, and supports the
keypad for the protection operation (20-key alpha-numerical keypad controlling the alphanumerical display).
The board also includes a transparent window for the display and for the control board, where the unit
identification (model number and serial number) and its more relevant technical characteristics are included.
The group formed by both front boards is mechanically and electrically joined to the box by means of 4
screws placed at the bottom and top of the front. In order to access the internal electronic modules of the
relay, the following steps must be followed (once the relay has been disconnected).
1. Remove the plastic cover.
2. Slack the fixed front screws until they are loose and fixed only by their fastening sleeve.
3. Let the front part fall steadily until the flat cable, that is connected to the communications port, is
accessible, and disconnect it from this board.
4. Remove the front module.
5. Take out the internal bus board that holds the different modules.

*(.$
+$5':$5('(6&5,37,21
3+<6,&$/'(6&5,37,21
Following this process, every relay module can be accessed for taking it out, maintenance or replacements.
In order to assemble the relay again, the opposite procedure should be followed, that is:
1. Make sure that every vertical drawout module has been correctly inserted.
2. Place the internal bus board, which holds the different modules, by pressing from left to right every
connector in order to ensure their right insertion.
3. Connect the flat cable that joins the front module with the communications port.
4. Place the front module in its position and screw it.
5. Cover again the relay with its protective cover.
,'(17,),&$7,21
The identification label of the unit is placed on the right of the alpha-numeric keypad. This label includes the
model number, serial number and the most relevant rated values (including rated current, and DC power
supply rated voltage).
Terminal blocks placed on the rear cover are identified by black colour serigraphy on the cover. Each of the
terminal blocks is labeled by a letter placed on the top border of the cover, close to the connector. This
connector identification is assigned to the different connectors, beginning by A, which corresponds to the
connector placed on the right end (looking at the relay from the back).
In the terminal blocks, each of the 12 terminals of each block is labeled from the top to the bottom by a
number from 1 to 12, serigraphied on the cover close to each connector, where the connection cables are
plugged. The connector terminals for synchronization are labeled with IRIG-B, and their polarity is labeled
with + and -.
For relays with fiber optics communications (plastic or glass), the connectors transmission and reception
terminals are labeled TX and RX respectively.
0$*1(7,&02'8/(
The magnetic module takes the current inputs from the conventional substation transformers, and performs
the following functions:
It provides galvanic isolation to the external signals by means of internal transformers of the unit.
It gives the external inputs the adequate voltage levels for the internal circuitry.
Passive filters are another element included in this module. As the magnetic module is connected to external
equipment signals, it is liable to suffer electromagnetic disturbance. In order to avoid this effect, anti-noise
filters have been included in the primary side of the transformer (capacitors connected to chassis), as well as
in the secondary (ferrites), so as to prevent disturbance from entering the equipment. These protection
elements act as well as a barrier, preventing possible disturbances generated in the protection equipment
from coming out of it and affecting the external equipments (emisivity and susceptibility).
The last element included in the magnetic module consists of load resistors that convert the current signals in
voltage signals, in case of current inputs; and the voltage signals in resistive attenuates.
*(.$

3+<6,&$/'(6&5,37,21
+$5':$5('(6&5,37,21
3527(&7,21&38352&(66,1*%2$5'
This module is the main part of the equipment, as regards protection functions. Its main functions are:
Sampling of analog inputs coming from the magnetic module.

Protection algorithms evaluation.
Protection logic and auxiliary functions.
Monitoring functions, events register, oscillography register, etc.
Self-check of the unit.
Protection data communication to the communications CPU.
The core of the CPU module is a 16-bit micro-processor together with its auxiliary associated circuitry.
&20081,&$7,216&3802'8/(
The core of the communications CPU is very similar to the Protection CPUs, and it also consists of a 16-bit
microprocessor, together with the associated circuitry.
The main function performed by the Communications CPU module is maintaining and controlling the
communications in the following channels:
Internal communication with the Protection CPU module.

Local mode communication with a PC by the front communications port.
Remote mode communication by the rear communication port.
Man-machine interface, by means of keypads and displays (alphanumerical).
,13876287387602'8/(
DTP units have been designed to allow the maximum capacity for inputs and outputs in each board,
maintaining at the same time complete reliability against electromagnetic disturbance.
Every board input has a resistive attenuate, which adequates the external voltage battery levels (48 V, 125
V,...) to the needs of the optocoupler that provides each input with galvanic isolation. As the majority of these
inputs come from elements connected to the substation equipment, together with the resistive attenuate one
passive filter is provided, in order to obtain a better behavior against electromagnetic disturbance.
Each of the 8 outputs are heavy duty relays, with a continuous capacity of 16 Amperes, and a breaking
capacity of 4000 VA.
Each of these relays has an only contact, which can be configured separately as normally open or normally
closed (N.O. + N.C.) by means of jumpers (fixed by welding) placed in the board.
In every configuration, these are non potential contacts, without common elements, and all of them have
varistors between their terminals in order to protect them against overvoltages generated by the coils to which
they are connected. This provides a high immunity against electrical interferences.

*(.$
+$5':$5('(6&5,37,21
3+<6,&$/'(6&5,37,21
32:(56833/<
The Power Supply module includes the following functions:
1. Generation, from the external battery power supply, of the necessary voltages for electronic
circuitry. In this case, 8 V (later regulated to 5 V) for the logic, and 24 V for the trips.
2. Four tripping relays, with the same characteristics as those included in the outputs board,
assigned to tripping functions in the DTP unit.
3. One equipment alarm auxiliary relay.
With reference to the Power Supply module, it is important to point out:

One passive filter is included in the power supply input, in order to avoid any possible electromagnetic
disturbance. A current limiter is also included for protecting the power supply against unintentional
groundings.
The tripping relays are stronger (in capacity and in control operations life) than the normal ones used in
similar protection equipments, and the output contacts can be configured (NO or NC), providing high
versatility.
The output circuits of the power supply modules to other boards are conditioned so that they can have
several power supply modules commuting the service among them in case of failure, providing greater
reliability to the unit.
6$03/( +2/'02'8/(
The purpose of this module is to measure all the analog inputs and maintain their values, in order for the
protection module to have enough time to measure them all. This is the same as measuring all the analog
inputs simultaneously, avoiding the small difference that would appear if the protection module measured the
inputs one by one.
*(.$

5(&(37,21+$1'/,1* 6725$*(
+$5':$5('(6&5,37,21
5(&(37,21+$1'/,1* 6725$*(

DTP units are supplied to the customer in a special package, which adequately protects it during
transportation, as long as this is performed in normal conditions. Immediately after receiving the relay, the
customer should check whether it shows any sign of transportation damage. If it is apparent that the relay has
been damaged by inappropriate handling, the carrier must be immediately informed in writing, and the
damage must be reported to the manufacturer.
When unpacking the relay, normal care should be taken in order not to lose the screws, documents, and
other auxiliary elements supplied in the box.
If it is not intended to install the relay immediately, it is recommended to store it in its original package, and
keep it in a dry, dust free and metal particles free place.
,167$//$7,21
DTP relays must be mounted on a vertical surface that allows access to the front and rear relay plates. It is
not necessary to be able to access the side surfaces of the relay. Dimensions and panel drilling schemes are
shown in figures 2 and 4.

*(.$
$&&(37$1&(7(676
&211(&7,216

$&&(37$1&(7(676
In this section, the necessary tests to check proper operation of the relay are described. The relay must have
the factory configuration, so that the configurable inputs and outputs coincide with those indicated in the
following tests.
&211(&7,216
Connect the relay as shown in the external connections diagram (figure 1).
The power supply must be connected to Q11 (Positive) and P11 (Negative).
Due to safety reasons, the external protection ground terminal should be securely grounded.
9,68$/,163(&7,21
Check that the relay has not suffered any kind of damage due to transportation and handling.
Check that all screws are sufficiently tight and that the terminal strips have not been damaged in any way.
Check that the information on the nameplate coincides with that of the ordered model.
,168/$7,217(676
Progressively apply 2000 rms volts across all the terminals of a group short-circuited between them and
ground (or the case), during one second.
Progressively apply 2000 rms volts between groups, during one second.
The independent insulation groups are as follows:
*5283
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
*(.$
7(50,1$/6
A1..6, B1..6, E1..6, F1..6
P5..9, Q5..9
P11, Q11
J1.. 4, K1..4
J5..12, K5..12
'(),1,7,21
Currents
Trips
Power Supply
Inputs
Outputs

32:(56833/<
$&&(37$1&(7(676
32:(56833/<
)RUVDIHW\UHDVRQV3WHUPLQDOPXVWEHJURXQGHGGXULQJ
IXQFWLRQDOWHVWV
The relay is connected to a power supply, at minimum and maximum rated voltage. For each of these
voltages, check that the ALARM relay is open when the unit is powered, and closed when it is not powered.
Generate an 87B trip by the three phases, and activate the Buchholz Alarm, and Overtemperature Alarm
inputs.
When the relay is tripped, measure its DC power consumption, and check that it communicates correctly.
The typical test voltages and burdens are as follows:
Vdc Voltage
38
48
58
0RGHO$
Typical consumption (mA)
550
227
205
Vdc Voltage
80
250
300
0RGHO+
Typical consumption (mA)
550
225
205
0($685(0(17&+(&.
Check that the unit measures correctly applying current by one of the phases to the primary and secondary
windings.
Please take into account that the differential and through currents are given in times the tap, and the tap is
obtained from:
Tap = Winding tap setting x In.
For example, if all the winding taps are set to 0.5, and the rated current is 5Amp, the tap is 0.5x5= 2.5 Amp. If
then we apply 2.5 Amp, only to the first winding, the relay must measure a differential current of 1.00 and a
through current of 0.00. If the current is applied also to the second winding, it must give the following values:
If the unit sees both currents in phase Id = 2.00 and It = 0.00
If the unit sees both currents in counterphase Id = 0.00 and It = 1.00
Repeat the test with different values, and by the three phases, and check that the obtained values do not
differ from the expected in more than a 5%.

*(.$
$&&(37$1&(7(676
',*,7$/,13876&+(&.,1*
',*,7$/,13876&+(&.,1*
For this test, the minimum and maximum admissible voltages will be applied to the inputs with a 20% rated
voltage tolerance.
Apply voltage to an input and check that the unit recognizes its activation by means of GE-LOCAL software.
Repeat the test for the rest of inputs.
2873876&+(&.,1*
75,32873876&+(&.,1*
1.
2.
Activate EP3 inputs, terminals J2-K2.

Verify that the tripping contacts (TRIP1, TRIP2, TRIP3, TRIP4) close when the input is applied, and open
when this condition disappears.
$/$502873876&+(&.,1*
1.
2.
Without powering the unit, check that the alarm output is closed.
Apply power supply to the unit, and check that there is no alarm condition such as, protection out of
service, or disabled trips. In this case, check that the alarm contact is open.
&21),*85$%/(2873876&+(&.,1*
Make one of the configurable contacts close in one of the following ways:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Activate an 87 trip in phase A and check that J5-K5 closes.

Activate an 87 trip in phase B and check that J6-K6 closes.
Activate an 87 trip in phase C and check that J7-K7 closes.
Activate an 87B trip in phase A and check that J8-K8 closes.
Activate an 87B trip in phase B and check that J9-K9 closes.
Activate an 87B trip in phase C and check that J10-K10 closes.
Activate PI2 input, terminals K1-K4 and check that J11-K11 closes.
Activate PI4 input, terminals K2-K4 and check that J12-K12 closes.
9.
Check that all the configurable relays close with the closing condition, and open when it disappears.
*(.$

&20081,&$7,2132576&+(&.,1*
$&&(37$1&(7(676
&20081,&$7,2132576&+(&.,1*
This test is performed to check that the 3 communications ports operate correctly.
To do this, it is necessary to connect the relay to a PC using the connectors shown in figure 3.
Set the following communications parameters for the computer and the relay:
Relay number = 1
Network baud rate = 9600
Local baud rate = 9600
Remote stop bits = 1
Local stop bits = 1
Using the GE-LOCAL communications software, perform the connection and check that the relay
communicates by both ports. Repeat the test for different baud rates.
.(<3$'',63/$<$1'/('6&+(&.,1*
Press the Target Reset button and verify that all the LEDs light up.
Press the appropriate keys and verify that the following messages are displayed:
.(<
0(66$*(
6(7!
&/5!
,1)!
(17!
!
!
&/5!
&/5!
$&7!
&/5!
!
!
VIEW PROTECTION SETTINGS

DTP GENERAL ELECTRIC
STATUS
MODEL
DATABASE
MODEL
STATUS
SET DATE/TIME
NET BAUD RATE
NET STOP BITS
Now, dial all the numbers one by one, deleting them with the CLR key, and check that the pressed numbers
are displayed.

*(.$
$&&(37$1&(7(676
23(5$7,216
23(5$7,216
7,0(6(77,1*
Set the date and time, and check that the setting is performed successfully.
&20081,&$7,21675,**(5
Apply a known current by any of the phases, and operate the communications trigger. Verify, retrieving the
header of the last oscillography record by means of the GE-LOCAL software, that the retrieved time coincides
with the correct time.
3(5&(17$*(5(675$,17&+(&.,1*
Disable the harmonic restraints, and enable the differential function.

Set sensitivity to 0.3, and percentage restraints to 50%
Apply current to the primary and secondary, so that we have a differential current of 0.00, and a through
current of 2.
Increase the current in the primary, and check that it trips when the differential current is equal or higher
than 0.3 + 2.00 x 0.5 = 1.30
Check that it trips with an error margin of less than 5% for different through currents, and different sensitivity
and percentage restraint settings.
+$5021,&5(675$,17&+(&.,1*
Disable the harmonic restraints, and the differential function.

Set sensitivity to 0.3, percentage restraints to 50%, and harmonic restraints to 20%.
Apply current to the primary and secondary, so that we have a differential current of 0.00, and a through
current of 2.
Apply to the primary a second harmonic current, besides the 0.5 it already had.
Increase the current in the primary, and check that it trips when the differential current is equal or higher
than 0.3 + 2.00 x 0.5 + 0.5 / 0.2 = 3.8
Check that it trips with an error margin of less than 5% for different through currents, and different sensitivity
and percentage restraint settings.
,167$17$1(286)81&7,21&+(&.,1*
Disable the harmonic restraints, and the differential function, and enable the instantaneous function.
Set the instantaneous function to 4 times the tap.
Apply current to the primary, and check that it trips when the differential current reaches the set value.
Check that it trips with an error margin of less than 5% for different differential currents, and different
instantaneous function settings.
*(.$

,167$17$1(286)81&7,21&+(&.,1*

$&&(37$1&(7(676
*(.$
,167$//$7,21$1'0$,17(1$1&(

,167$//$7,21
,167$//$7,21$1'0$,17(1$1&(
,167$//$7,21
The relay should be installed in a clean, dry and dust-free place, with no vibrations. It should also be well lit to
facilitate inspection and testing.
The relay should be mounted on a vertical surface. Figure 2 shows the diagram for panel drilling for panel
mounting.
Given that the design of the SMOR unit is based on high performance digital technology it is not necessary to
recalibrate the relay. However if the tests show that it is necessary to readjust the relay, it is recommended
that the unit should be returned to the manufacturer to have this done.
&211(&7,2172*5281'$1'68335(66,212)',6785%$1&(6
Terminal P12 (see figure 6) should be connected to ground so that the disturbance suppression circuits in the
system work correctly. This connection should be as short as possible (preferably 25 cm or less) to
guarantee maximum protection. In this way the capacitors which are internally connected between the inputs
and ground divert high frequency disturbances directly to ground without passing through the electronic
circuits, with the result that the circuits are perfectly protected.
In addition this connection also guarantees the physical safety of the personnel who have to touch the relay,
since the whole casing is connected to ground.
0$,17(1$1&(
Given the important role that the protection relays play in the operation of any installation, a periodic program
of tests is highly recommended. The unit incorporates built-in diagnostic functions which permit immediate
identification with only the aid of the keyboard and display, the detection of some of the most likely circuit
failures. Testing the unit is recommended at intervals of 2 years or more. Although the built-in diagnosis does
not reduce the average time between failures, it does increase the availability of the protection because it
allows a drastic reduction in the average interruption time involved in detecting and repairing the fault.
The set of tests which can be carried out to test that all the features of the DTP unit function properly is
described in detail in the chapter entitled ACCEPTANCE TESTS.
Since most of the protection and communications functions are integrated in two separate programs, it is
unlikely that faults will occur due to problems of wear or aging which are typical in electromechanical, analog
or hybrid protection systems. Moreover, a failure in the communications processor does not affect the
protection functions, which are implemented by a dedicated processor.
*(.$

0$,17(1$1&(

,167$//$7,21$1'0$,17(1$1&(
*(.$
.(<%2$5'$1'',63/$<

.(<%2$5'$1'',63/$<
The DTP has a 20 key keyboard and a liquid crystal DISPLAY with 32 characters, divided into two rows of 16
each. The following diagram shows the appearance of the DTP keyboard:
6(7<1&/5
,1)
$&7
(1'(17
The keyboard program uses menus to access the different relay functions. These functions are divided into
five large groups, each of which is accessed using a different key. These groups are the following:
,QIRUPDWLRQ: Provides data about the status of the relay. This menu is accessed using the ,1) key.
2SHUDWLRQV: Allows to synchronize the date and time on the relay, and to perform a communications trigger.
This menu is accessed by pressing the $&7 key.
6HWWLQJV: Permits viewing and changing all the relay settings. This menu is accessed by pressing the 6(7
key.
&RQILJXUDWLRQPHQX: Allows access to the system configuration and the modification of passwords, access,
communication baud rates, etc. This menu is accessed by keying in the code "" In order to access this
mode the relay should be on the main screen.
6LQJOH NH\ PHQX: By pressing the (17 key the DTP can be operated in a simplified mode. It is not
necessary to remove the methacrylate cover on the front of the relay to access this mode.
When at rest the DTP shows the following message on the DISPLAY:
'73
*(1(5$/(/(&75,&
This is the point from which the five groups mentioned above can be selected. In order to select a different
group you must return to this screen and press the key which corresponds to that group.
Once inside a group it is not possible to select a different one. Movement inside a group is carried out using
the following keys: ENT, CLR, and the up, down, left, right arrows. Their function is as follows:
(17: Accepts the option that is shown on the screen at that moment. The equivalent of going down one level
in the menu tree.
&/5: Abandons the option that is shown on the screen at that moment. The equivalent of going up one level
in the menu tree.
83'2:1$552:: Change options. The equivalent of a horizontal movement within a menu. When the
required option appears on the screen it can be selected with the ENT key.
*(.$

0(1875((
.(<%2$5'$1'',63/$<
/()7 5,*+7 $552:6: Show the different possibilities of a given setting. It is not used for all settings.
When the required option appears on the screen it can be selected with the ENT key.
0(1875((
The DTP has different menus, divided into levels. Level 0 is the initial screen. Level 1 of the menus is
accessed by pressing the corresponding group key (SET, INF, etc). Moving within a given level is done by
using the UP and DOWN arrows. It is possible to go down to levels 2 and 3 by pressing the ENT key. Press
CLR to go up a level within the menu tree. Level 1 for each of the five groups is shown in the following table:
*URXS
/HYHO
'HVFULSWLRQ
6(7
VIEW SETTINGS
View settings
Change settings
,1)
$&7
MODIFY PROTECTION
SETTINGS
STATUS
SET DATE/TIME
COMM. TRIGGER
DIFFERENTIAL Ia
DIFFERENTIAL Ib
DIFFERENTIAL Ic
DIF Ia 2ND HARM
DIF Ib 2ND HARM
DIF Ic 2ND HARM
DIF Ia 5TH HARM
DIF Ib 5THHARM
DIF Ic 5TH HARM
THROUGH Ia
THROUGH Ib
THROUGH Ic
PROTEC. STATUS
ACTIVE TABLE
DATE & TIME
NET. BAUDRATE
(17

NET. STOP BITS

LOC. BAUDRATE
LOC. STOP BITS
LOCAL SETTINGS
Shows the status of the relay

Change date and time on the relay
Trigger oscillography by communication
Shows the differential current in phase A, in
times Itap
Shows the differential current in phase B, in
times Itap
Shows the differential current in phase C, in
times Itap
ND
Shows the 2 harmonic current in phase A,
in times Itap
ND
Shows the 2 harmonic current in phase B,
in times Itap
ND
Shows the 2 harmonic current in phase C,
in times Itap
th
Shows the 5 harmonic current in phase A,
in times Itap
th
Shows the 5 harmonic current in phase B,
in times Itap
th
Shows the 5 harmonic current in phase C,
in times Itap
Shows the through current in phase A, in
times the tap
Shows the through current in phase B, in
times the tap
Shows the through current in phase C, in
times the tap
Shows the status of the protection system
(in/out of service)
Shows the active settings table #
Shows date and time of the unit
Communication baud rate on remote
network
Stop bits, remote network communications
Baud rate of local communication
Stop bits, local communication
Local settings changes allowed / not allowed
*(.$
.(<%2$5'$1'',63/$<
*URXS
/HYHO
REM. SETTINGS
*(.$
LOC. OPERATION
REM. OPERATIONS
UNIT NUMBER
PASSWORD
t TIMEOUT
'HVFULSWLRQ
Remote settings changes allowed / not
allowed
Local operations allowed / not allowed
Remote operations allowed / not allowed
Shows the unit number of the relay
Allows modification of relay password
External synchronizing maximum time for
avoiding the TIMEOUT event.

6(77,1*6*5283
.(<%2$5'$1'',63/$<
6(77,1*6*5283
This group allows the visualization and modification of the DTP settings. It is accessed by pressing the SET
key when the DTP is in the initial screen. When the SET key is pressed the following message appears on
the screen:
9,(:3527(&7,21
6(77,1*6
When the UP/DOWN arrows are pressed the message changes to:
02',)<3527(&7,21
6(77,1*6
The menu tree for the DTP settings is shown in the following table. Note that to go down a level in the tree
you have to press the ENT key and that to go up you have to press the CLR key.
/HYHO
VIEW
PROTECTION
SETTINGS
MODIFY
PROTECTION
SETTINGS
/HYHO
/HYHO
GENERAL
SETTINGS
RELAY STATUS
It sets the relay in / out of service
IDENTIFICAT.
20 character alphanumeric string
FREQUENCY
st
1 WDG CT RATIO
Rated frequency of the relay

st
1 winding CT ratio
nd
WDG CT RATIO
nd
winding CT ratio
50/60 Hz
1 - 4000 in steps
of 1
1 - 4000 in steps
of 1
1 - 4000 in steps
of 1
1 - 4000 in steps
of 1
4 WDG CT RATIO
th
4 winding CT ratio
COMPENSATION
Type of compensation (External

or internal)
It allows changing the active table
1-3
Change from winding current to

CT current
CT current
CT current
CT current
Configuration of the first winding
.5 to 20 in steps
of 0.01 x In
.5 to 20 in steps
of 0.01 x In
.5 to 20 in steps
of 0.01 x In
.5 to 20 in steps
of 0.01 x In
Y, D, ZZ
Configuration of the second

winding
Time group of the second winding
Configuration of the third winding
Y, D, ZZ
0 to 11
Y, D, ZZ
Time group of the third winding

Configuration of the fourth winding
0 to 11
Y, D, ZZ
Time group of the fourth winding
0 to 11
ACTIVE TABLE
st
1 WINDING TAP
nd
WINDING TAP
rd
3 WINDING TAP
th
4 WINDING TAP
st
1 WINDING
CONN
nd
2 WINDING
CONN
nd
2 WDG H GROUP
rd
3 WINDING
CONN
rd
3 WDG H GROUP
th
4 WINDING
CONN
th
4 WDG H GROUP
rd
In / Out of
service
3 winding CT ratio

9DOLG5DQJH
rd
3 WDG CT RATIO
ACTIVE TABLE
SET
PROTECTION
SETTINGS
3UHVHQWDWLRQ
th
*(.$
.(<%2$5'$1'',63/$<
/HYHO
6(77,1*6*5283
/HYHO
VIEW
PROTECTION
SETTINGS
MODIFY
PROTECTION
SETTINGS
/HYHO
FUNCTION
PERMIT
DIFFERENT.
FUNCTION
WDG CT CONN
Type of CT of the first winding
y0, y6, d1, d5,

d7, d11
nd
WDG CT CONN
Type of CT of the second winding
y0, y6, d1, d5,

d7, d11
rd
Type of CT of the third winding
4 WDG CT CONN
th
Type of CT of the fourth winding
PREFAULT
CYCLES
87B TRIP PHASE A
Number of programmable prefault

cycles
Starts the oscilloperturbograph
y0, y6, d1, d5,

d7, d11
y0, y6, d1, d5,
d7, d11
2 - 10
87B TRIP PHASE B
87B TRIP PHASE C
87 TRIP PHASE A
87 TRIP PHASE B
87 TRIP PHASE C
BUCHHOLZ
OVERTEMPERATU
RE
EXTERNAL
TRIGGER
COMM. TRIGGER
87B FUNCTION
Allowing or not function 87B
87 FUNCTION
Allowing or not function 87
2ND HARM.
FUNCTION
TH
5 HARM.
FUNCTION
87B TRIP
Allowing or not the function
87 TRIP
Allowing or not the function trip
SENSITIVITY
Sensitivity of the protection
% RESTR
CHANGE
% RESTRAINT K1
Inflexion point between the two

slopes of the protection
Percentange restraint of the first
slope
Percentage restraint of the
second slope
Second harmonic restraint
Fifth harmonic restraint
Pickup value for the 87B unit
% RESTRAINT K2
nd
2 HARM RESTR
th
5 HARM RESTR
87B TAP
*(.$
9DOLG5DQJH
ST
3 WDG CT CONN
OSCILLOS
MASK
3UHVHQWDWLRQ

Allowing or not the function

Allowing or not the function trip
Enabled /
Disabled
Enabled /
Disabled
Enabled /
Disabled
Enabled /
Disabled
Enabled /
Disabled
Enabled /
Disabled
Enabled /
Disabled
Enabled /
Disabled
Enabled /
Disabled
Enabled /
Disabled
Allowed / Not
allowed
Allowed / Not
allowed
Allowed / Not
allowed
Enabled /
Disabled
Enabled /
Disabled
Allowed / Not
allowed
0.2 - 0.4 x It
0 - 10 x It
15% - 100%
15% - 100%
12% - 100%
12% - 100%
4 - 12 x It

6(77,1*6*5283
.(<%2$5'$1'',63/$<
These are the steps to be taken in order to change any setting:

1. Press the SET key.
2. Select the option MODIFY SETTINGS.
3. Select the required setting in the menu trees.
4. ENTER the value to be modified (or select the required value from the list of available settings using
LEFT/RIGHT ARROW keys).
5. Press the ENT key. If you wish to change another setting in the same group, repeat steps 3 to 5.
6. Press the END key.
The relay will request confirmation of the change displaying the following message:
&21),50"
<1
7. If you want to confirm this change press the 1/Y key. (If not, press 3/N).
8. The relay will then show the following message on the screen:
6(77,1*6&+$1*(
(;(&87('
9. Press the CLR key repeatedly in order to return to the initial screen.
If the setting entered is outside the limits of the range allowed for that setting, the relay will not accept the
change and will show the following message:
6(77,1*
2872)5$1*(
Some settings do not require you to key in a numeric value, but to choose an option from a series of
possibilities. In this case the options can be viewed using the LEFT/RIGHT ARROW keys.

*(.$
.(<%2$5'$1'',63/$<
,1)250$7,21*5283
,1)250$7,21*5283
This group provides information about the internal status of the DTP. To access this group, press the
INF key, and the following message will be displayed:
67$786
Pressing the ENT key, we will enter the STATUS menu. By pressing the UPARROW and DOWN ARROW
keys, we will obtain the information contained in the following table:
6WDWXV
MODEL
DATABASE
PROT VERSION
COMM. VERSION
1ST WDG Ia MOD
1ST WDG Ib MOD
1ST WDG Ib ANG
1ST WDG Ic MOD
1ST WDG Ic ANG
2ND WDG Ia MOD
2ND WDG Ia ANG
2ND WDG Ib MOD
2ND WDG Ib ANG
2ND WDG Ic MOD
2ND WDG Ic ANG
3RD WDG Ia MOD
3RD WDG Ia ANG
3RD WDG Ib MOD
3RD WDG Ib ANG
3RD WDG Ic MOD
3RD WDG Ic ANG
4TH WDG Ia MOD
4TH WDG Ia ANG
4TH WDG Ib MOD
4TH WDG Ib ANG
4TH WDG Ic MOD
4TH WDG Ic ANG
DIFFERENTIAL Ia
DIFFERENTIAL Ib
DIFFERENTIAL Ic
DIF Ia 2ND HARM
DIF Ib 2ND HARM
DIF Ic 2ND HARM
DIF Ia 5TH HARM
DIF Ib 5TH HARM
DIF Ic 5TH HARM
THROUGH Ia
THROUGH Ib
THROUGH Ic
87B A TRIP
87B B TRIP
87B C TRIP
87 A TRIP
87 B TRIP
87 C TRIP
PROTEC. STATUS
ACTIVE TABLE
LOCAL CONNECTION
E2PROM COMM
*(.$
'HVFULSWLRQ
Indicates the relay model
Name of the units database
Version of the protection program
Version of the communications program
st
Phase A current module for the 1 winding
st
Phase B current module for the 1 winding
st
Phase B current argument for the 1 winding
st
Phase C current module for the 1 winding
st
Phase C current argument for the 1 winding
nd
nd
Phase A current argument for the 2 winding
nd
nd
nd
nd
rd
rd
rd
rd
rd
rd
th
th
th
th
th
th
Phase A differential current
Phase B differential current
Phase C differential current
nd
Phase A 2 harmonic current
nd
Phase B 2 harmonic current
nd
Phase C 2 harmonic current
th
th
th
Phase A through current
Phase B through current
Phase C through current
Phase A backup trip
Phase B backup trip
Phase C backup trip
Phase A differential trip
Phase B differential trip
Phase C differential trip
Protection in / out of service
Number of active table ( 1-3 )
Local or remote connection
Error (or lack of error) in the communications
E2PROM

,1)250$7,21*5283
6WDWXV
COMM SETTINGS
PROTECTION LINK
IRIGB LINK
DATE / TIME STATUS

.(<%2$5'$1'',63/$<
'HVFULSWLRQ
Communications settings (default or users)
Link between protection and communications
(present or not)
IRIGB status
Shows date and time
*(.$
.(<%2$5'$1'',63/$<
23(5$7,216*5283
23(5$7,216*5283
This group allows to set the units date and time, as well as to perform an oscillography trigger.
In order to access this group you must press the ACT key, from the standby screen. These are the possible
operations to be performed:
- Set date and time
- Communications trigger.
For changing the date and time, the following steps must be taken:
'73
*(1(5$/(/(&75,&
$&7
6(7
'$7(7,0(
(17
<($5

0217+

(17
'$7(

(17
+285

(17
6(&21'

(17

(17
(17
127(,IWKHXVHUZRXOGOLNHWRUHSODFHWKHQXPHULFDOYDOXHGLVSOD\HGE\GHIDXOWSUHVVWKH&/5NH\WRFOHDU
WKHGLVSOD\HGYDOXHDQGLQFOXGHWKHQHZRQH
The operation of the OSCILLOGRAPHY TRIGGER starts the oscillography register, and the storage of a
record. Using the GE_LOCAL communication software, it is possible to retrieve the last four oscillography
records and save them in a COMTRADE ASCII format file. In order to view these files, the GE_OSC software
is needed.
*(.$

6,1*/(.(<23(5$7,21
.(<%2$5'$1'',63/$<
6,1*/(.(<23(5$7,21
The DTP has a simplified operation mode which can be used by pressing the ENT key repeatedly. This mode
allows access to certain information about the relay without the need to remove the external methacrylate
cover. This mode can only be accessed from the standby screen. The information available in this mode is
shown in order in the following table:
0$*1,78'(
DIFFERENTIAL Ia
DIFFERENTIAL Ib
DIFFERENTIAL Ic
DIF Ia 2ND HARM
DIF Ib 2ND HARM
DIF Ic 2ND HARM
DIF Ia 5TH HARM
DIF Ib 5TH HARM
DIF Ic 5TH HARM
THROUGH Ia
THROUGH Ib
THROUGH Ic
PROTECT. STATUS
ACTIVE TABLE
DATE & TIME

'(6&5,37,21
Phase A differential current
Phase B differential current
Phase C differential current
nd
nd
nd
th
th
th
Phase A through current
Phase B through current
Phase C through current
Protection in / out of service
Shows the active table #
Shows the units date and time
*(.$
.(<%2$5'$1'',63/$<
&21),*85$7,210(18
&21),*85$7,210(18
The DTP has a configuration menu which can only be accessed by means of the keyboard. The aim is to
select the way in which the DTP will interact with the exterior.
To enter the configuration menu, start from the standby screen and use the keyboard to enter a four figure
code. If the code is correct, entry to the configuration unit is permitted. If not, it returns to the reset screen.
The code is unique for all the DTP relays and is not intended to be a password, but rather a simple safety
measure to avoid accidental changes to the configuration. This code is 7169, as this is the ASCII code for the
initials GE. This is how to enter the configuration unit from the reset screen:
'73
*(1(5$/ (/(&75,&
%$8'5$7(

The value and meaning of the settings are explained below. Note that movement between the options in this
group is with the right/left arrow keys.
1(7 %$8'5$7(: The speed in bauds which the DTP will use for serial communications through the
remote port. The possible speeds are between 1200 and 115000 bauds.
1(76723 %,76: The number of stop bits which are added to each byte which is transmitted on the
serial line. It is treated as a binary logic setting selected by means of the logic key 1/Y for 1 and 3/N for 2.
/2& %$8'5$7(: The speed in bauds which the DTP will use for serial communications through the
local port. The possible speeds are between 1200 and 19200 bauds.
/2&6723%,76 As above but for local communications.
/2&$/6(77,1*6: Settings changes by local communications (allowed / not allowed).
5(06(77,1*6: Settings changes by remote communications (allowed / not allowed).
/2& 23(5$7,216: Operations being performed by local communications (computer directly
connected) (allowed / not allowed).
5(023(5$7,216: Operations being performed by remote communications (e.g. modem) (allowed/not
allowed).
81,7 180%(5: Each DTP is identified by a unit number used for identifying the messages which are
sent to it on a remote communications line with several connected equipments. This number can be
between 1 and 255.
3$66:25': To prevent unauthorized persons from communicating with the relay via a communications
program and changing the settings or performing operations, the relay has a password. This password
can only be seen on the relay display and is a number between 0 and 99999.
W7,0(287 Maximum external synchronization time for avoiding an event out of time.
*(.$

&21),*85$7,210(18

.(<%2$5'$1'',63/$<
*(.$
),*85(6
)LJXUH([WHUQDO&RQQHFWLRQV
*(.$
),*85(6
)LJXUH3DQHO'ULOOLQJ'LPHQVLRQV
*(.$
),*85(6
)LJXUH56&RQQHFWLRQ
*(.$
),*85(6
)LJXUH'LPHQVLRQV'LDJUDP
*(.$
),*85(6
)LJXUH)URQW9LHZ
*(.$
),*85(6
.9$.9$)25&('&22/,1*
7+(,1',&$7('5$7,26)250$,1&76$5(86(',17+(),567,7(5$7,212)
7+(&$/&8/$7,21(;$03/(7+(0$,1&7&211(&7,2166+2:1$//:<(
&211(&7('$5(62%(&$86(7+(3+$6(6+,)7,63(5)250('%<7+(
5(/$<
)LJXUH6DPSOH7UDQVIRUPHUIRUWKH&DOFXODWLRQRI6HWWLQJV
*(.$
),*85(6
3527(&7('(/(0(17
PROTECTED ELEMENT
3527(&7('(/(0(17
5(675$,17&,5&8,7
23(5$7,21&,5&8,7
)LJXUH2SHUDWLQJ3ULQFLSOHVRIWKH'LIIHUHQWLDO3URWHFWLRQ
*(.$
),*85(6
)LJXUH%ORFN'LDJUDPRIWKH3URWHFWLRQ
*(.$
DTP Digital Transformer Protection
),*85(6
75,3=21(

3
$
7

)
2

6
(
/
3
,
7
/
8
0

1
,

7
1
(
5
5
8
&

/
$
,
7
1
(
5
(
)
)
,
'
.

%UHDN3R
LQW
6HQVLWL
Y
LW
\
7+528*+&855(17,108/7,
3
/
(
6
2
7
$)
3
)LJXUH3HUFHQWDJH&KDUDFWHULVWLF
*(.$

Dtpbman GE

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Dtpbman GE

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Dtpbman GE

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats



2WUWbOZ B`O\aT]`[S` >`]bSQbW]\

Internal Communications States

Reduce the investment in new equipment.

For this calculation, the following steps must be taken:

(Maximum transformer kVA)

(100% transformer kVA)

Determine the burden on each CT using the following expressions:

a) For wye connected CTs:

b) For delta connected CTs:

Determine the CT secondary current for 8 times the tap value:

Determine the CT secondary voltage required at 8 times the tap value:

Determine the percent error in each CT through the following expression:

The maximum range of the tap changer, in percent.

The maximum mismatch error of the relay taps, in percent.

 75$16)250(5&$/&8/$7,216 ),*85(

x selected relay tap

9. Ideal relay taps (select A= 2.5):

Select the closest available tap to the ideal taps

11. Check the mismatch error:

One-way cable resistance

High resolution for the protection settings.

Total harmonic restraint current

The internal protection states are shown in the following table:

Their operation and application is described in sections 2 and 3.

Trip not permitted

Date & Time Alarm

Instantaneous values for current inputs (IA, IB, IC)

The technical characteristics of the outputs are explained in section 6.

 +80$10$&+,1(,17(5)$&( 00, 

0.2 - 0.4 x Itap

In the output ANDs screen, we configure AND1 to the INPUT3 activation.

P1, P2, P3: Mlink

P1, P2: Mlink ; P3: ModBus

In = 1A for all windings

In = 5A for all windings

In = 5A for winding 1 and

In = 1A for winding 1 and

In = 1A for windings 1 and 2,

2x RS-232 + Plastic F.O.

2x RS-232 + Glass F.O.

Metal casing, 19 inches rack case 4 units high

- Glass Fiber Optic 62.5 /125 (depending on the model):

Insulation Test Voltage

Impulse Voltage Withstand

Immunity to radio interference

1 power supply module.

Sampling of analog inputs coming from the magnetic module.

Internal communication with the Protection CPU module.

With reference to the Power Supply module, it is important to point out:

 5(&(37,21+$1'/,1* 6725$*(

Activate EP3 inputs, terminals J2-K2.

Activate an 87 trip in phase A and check that J5-K5 closes.

VIEW PROTECTION SETTINGS

Disable the harmonic restraints, and enable the differential function.

Disable the harmonic restraints, and the differential function.

DIF Ia 2ND HARM

DIF Ib 2ND HARM

2WUWbOZB`O\aT]`[S`>`]bSQbW]\

75$16)250(5&$/&8/$7,216),*85(

+80$10$&+,1(,17(5)$&(00,

5(&(37,21+$1'/,1* 6725$*(