IB7.8.1.

72
Issue D

Instructions
High Speed Directional Relays

High Speed Directional Relays

Catalog Series 425
Type 32
Type 32Q
Type 32D

Positive Sequence Directional Relay

Negative Sequence Directional Relay
Zero Sequence Directional Relay

ABB Power T&D Company, Inc.

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

Type 32 Directional Relay with Sector Control

Page 2

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

Installation

Table of Contents
Introduction........................................................
Precautions........................................................
Placing Relay into service...................................
Application.........................................................
Maintenance and Testing...................................
Theory of Operation...........................................

Page 3
Page 3
Page 3
Page 5
Page 18
Page 22

Introduction
These instructions contain the information required to
properly install, operate, and test the types 32, 32D, and
32Q solid-state directional relays.
The most common application of these high-speed
directional relays is to supervise the operation of other relays
based on the direction of current flow in the system.
The relay is housed in a semi-flush drawout relay case
suitable for conventional panel mounting.
All connections to the relay are made at terminals located
on the rear of the case and are clearly numbered.

Mounting
The outline dimensions and panel drilling and cutout information is given in Figure 1.

Connections
All ABB Circuit Shield protective relays have metal front
panels which are connected through printed circuit board
runs and connector wiring to a terminal at the rear of the
relay case. The terminal is marked G and is located as
shown in Figure 1. In all applications this terminal should
be wired to ground.
Before energizing the relay , for relays with a dual control
voltage rating, the relay element should be withdrawn from
its case, and a visual check be made to insure that the
movable control voltage link on the lower circuit board has
been placed on the correct position for the system control
voltage. Models rated for 250Vdc control power include a
dropping resistor mounted on the outside of the case.

All controls are mounted on the front panel behind a clear

cover.

Output Contacts and Indicators

Type 32, 32D, and 32Q Directional Relays with catalog

numbers starting with 425 offer totally drawout construction
with integral test facilities. Current transformer shorting is
accomplished by a direct acting spring and blade assembly
upon removal of the relay from its case. Sequenced
disconnects eliminate any possibility of nuisance tripping
during withdrawal or insertion of the relay if the normally
open contacts are used in your scheme.

Two styles of output contacts are used in these relays:

Precautions
The following precautions should be taken when applying
solid state relays:

Incorrect wiring may result in damage. Be sure wiring

agrees with the connection diagram for the particular
relay before the relay is energized. Be sure control
power is applied in the correct polarity before applying
control power.
Apply only the rated control voltage marked on the
relay front panel. For relays with dual rated control
voltage, withdraw the relay from the case and check
that the moveable link on the lower circuit board is in
the correct position for the system control voltage.

Placing The Relay Into Service

Receiving, Handling, and Storage
Upon receipt of the relay (when not included as part of a
switchboard) examine for shipping damage. If damage or
loss is evident, file a claim at once and promptly notify
your ABB representative.

Models with sealed reed type output contacts are

preferred when the directional relay is used to torquecontrol a Type 51 , a Type Micro 51, a Type MMCO, or
a Type Microshield O/C overcurrent relay. These models
also have a self resetting, light emitting diode operation
indicator, which is lighted when the current is in the
tripping direction.

Models with heavier duty telephone relay type output

contacts are preferred when the directional relay will
be used to operate other devices, such as an auxiliary
relay, or pneumatic timer. These models have a target
indicator (standard) , or a LED indicator (special).

Overcurrent Relay Torque-Control

If you are using a 425 series directional relay to torquecontrol overcurrent relay, you must determine the method
of torque-control employed. Be sure to check the instruction
book of the overcurrent relay for these details.
Certain relays in the ABB Circuit-Shield product line have
torque-control links installed on the rear terminal block of
the relay. With the link in place, its associated overcurrent
element is active. To control that element with a 425 series
relay, the link must be removed and a normally open contact
from the 425 relay connected across the same terminals.
When the 425 relay determines current is in the tripping
direction, its output contact closes to allow the overcurrent
relay to measure the current magnitude. For relays
employing the shorting link method (e.g. 423, 443, 468,
427Q series), each torque control input must be assigned

Page 3

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

to an individual contact of the directional relay - you must
not connect any in parallel. Torque-control wiring should be
relatively short and not leave the relay panel. In unusual
circumstances where the controlling relay and controlled
relay are some distance apart, an interposing auxiliary relay
mounted near the controlled relay should be used.
Other relays such as the 446 series Micro51 single-phase
overcurrent relay, and the multiphase MSOC overcurrent
relay require that dc control voltage be applied to the torquecontrol input in order to allow the relay to measure the
current. In this case, one side of the 425 series relays
output contact is connected to positive dc control voltage
and the other side to the torque-control input of the
overcurrent relay. Parallel operation of inputs of this type
from one contact of the directional relay is allowable.

Front Panel Controls

Maximum Torque Angle
The characteristic angle of the relay is continuously
adjustable over a specified range using this front panel
dial. The dial is marked 0-90 degrees. Refer to details on
each relay type for the detailed meaning of the adjustment.

Optional Sector Width Adjustment

Sector width control allows the angle of the tripping sector
to be reduced. This is useful in applications where load
current under certain system operating conditions may be
close to, or within, the tripping sector if the standard 180
sector were to be used. The continuous adjustment range
of the front panel Sector Width dial is 30 to 180. See
Figure 11 and also the photo on page 2.
Note that the sensitivity of the relay is significantly reduced
as the sector is reduced. This reduction in sensitivity is
illustrated in Figures 13 and 14.
In providing directional control of time-overcurrent relays
with instantaneous elements, a hazard always exists in
the race between one directional unit dropping out and the
instantaneous element picking up. This problem can be
avoided in some applications by using the Type 32 with
adjustable sector-width.
For the example shown in Figure 12, the application requires
setting each of the four Type 32 relays at each end of the
parallel lines, with a maximum torque angle of, say 900,
and a sector width of 900. As shown, no 32 relay picks up
due to load current.

8.38
212.8
6.53
165.9

1.22
31

6.68
174.8

0.63
16

PANEL

4.88
124
CL
2.44
62

SIDE VIEW

FRONT VIEW
(4)

.22
5.6

DIA. HOLES

PANEL CUTOUT

2.06
52.3
3.68
93.5

CL

3.19
81
6.62
168.1

1.84 2.06
48.7 52.3
3.19
81
3.31
84.1

G 16 15
14 13 12 11 10 9
DRAWOUT TEST CASE STUD NUMBERS
(BACK VIEW)

NOTE: DIMENSIONS ARE SHOWN AS

Figure 1: Relay Outline and Panel Drilling

Page 4

Inch
mm

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

APPLICATION Type 32

Type 32 - Maximum Torque Angle

The Type 32 relay is designed for two distinct applications:

as the controlling element in directional-controlled timeovercurrent fault protection (Device 67), or as a reverse
power relay.

The maximum torque angle of the relay is adjustable form

I1 lag V1 between 0 and 90. 45 is an appropriate setting
for most applications. However, in unusual situations, the
adjustment of the maximum torque angle may be varied to
suit the application. For example, lines operating at high
leading power factor angles could cause certain single
phase directional units to pick up undesirably when using
the conventional quadrature connection most frequently
used with these types. While 45 is probably suitable even
for the most highly leading power factor applications, the
32 can be set to accommodate any angle up to 90, by
reducing the setting toward the 0 position.

For protection against phase-to-phase, or three phase faults,

the Type 32 is used in conjunction with any of the several
types of ABB time-overcurrent relays that include torque
control provisions. These include Circuit Shield Types 51,
50, 50D, 50H, Micro-51; and the Microshield O/C. Various
combinations of controlled time only, or time and
instantaneous protection are available by selection of the
connections between the 32 and 51 units. This combination
represents Device Number 67.
Since the 32 compares the direction of the positive
sequence current relative to the positive sequence voltage,
in certain cases it may be used to provide ground fault as
well as phase fault protection. The requirements for this
application are that the minimum ground fault current be
greater then the phase overcurrent relay setting, and that
the ratio of ground fault current to load current be greater
then three times. If these requirements cannot be
guaranteed, the application requires separate ground fault
protection, such as a combination of Type 32 Q ( or 32 D) ,
controlling a residually connected Type 51. (This
combination represents Device Number 67N).

Tie Line Protection

The Type 32 finds application as a fast, sensitive, threephase reverse power relay on a tie between a utility
distribution system and an industrial site that has
cogeneration, where no power is to be supplied by the
cogenerator to the utility. In this application the maximum
torque angle should be set to zero. A timer such as the
Circuit-Shield Type 62T with timing range 0.01 to 0.99
seconds, should be operated by the Type 32, with the timer
tripping the tie breaker after a short delay. See Figure 3.

See Figures 2 and 4 for typical connections.

Contacts
Close

V1

V1

V1

I1
I1
ZERO DEGREE
SETTING

32

450 DEGREE
SETTING

I1
900 DEGREE
SETTING

PHASE ROTATION
Note: All diagrams in this instruction book are based
on a-b-c phase rotation. For phase rotation a-c-b,
both voltage and current connections must be
swapped for Types 32 and 32Q. Swap 3-5; and 4-6;
10-11.

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ABB High Speed Directional Relays

Type 32

TRIP
DIRECTION

Connections

Shown for Phase

Rotation a-b-c

Type 51

11
POL

10 +

POL

9 +
1 +
3 +
5 +

OP
OP

OP

52

Type 51
5 4

12

11

Type 32

3 2

10

5 4

16
15

14

13

12

11

10

52
a
52
TC

48/125 VDC BUS

450

900

Contacts Close
1800

V1

DIRECTIONAL CHARACTERISTIC
MAXIMUM TORQUE ANGLE SET AT 45o

I1
2250
2700

Notes:

1.
2.

Three-phase time-overcurrent shown is Type 51, catalog series 423.

WYE connected potential transformers may be used in place of open-delta connection shown.

Figure 2: Typical Connections, Device 67, Phase Directional Overcurrent using Type 32 and 423
Catalog Series Type 51 Three-Phase Overcurrent Relay
Page 6

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

Connections

Shown for Phase

Rotation a-b-c

Plant Bus

Type 32

TRIP
DIRECTION

11
POL

10 +

POL

9 +

1 +
3 +
5 +

OP
OP

4
6

OP

Type 32

52
7

Tie to Utility

5 4

16
15

13

14

12

11

10

(+)

Vab
Ia
II
Contacts
Close

Notes:

1.
2.

Van
VI

86

62

52

86

52
TC

48/125 VDC REL ABLE

62

86
(

DIRECTIONAL CHARACTERISTIC
MAXIMUM TORQUE ANGLE SET AT Oo

WYE connected potential transformers may be used in place of the open-delta connection shown.
Device 62 is a timing relay such as Type 62T, catalog series 417T.

Figure 3: Typical Connections for Type 32, used for Three-Phase Reverse Power Detection

Page 7

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

(+)

1
TYPE 32

+
TIME

INST
7

15

14

13

12

11

10

8
16

15

14

13

12

11

10

67 - A

ALARM

16

+
TIME

16

15

11

10

14

13

12

TYPE 32Q

67 - B

+
TIME

16

15

14

11

10

13

(-)

+
TIME

ALARM

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

12

9
67 - C

16

INST

ALARM

8
G

INST

ALARM

15

14

11

10

INST
13

12

9
67N

52
a
52
TC

Figure 4: Typical Control Connections - Type Micro-51 used with Circuit-Shield Types 32 and 32Q in
a Directional Phase and Ground Overcurrent Scheme
Page 8

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

Application - Type 32Q

The Type 32Q is typically used to control a single-phase
residually-connected overcurrent relay to provide directional
time-overcurrent protection for ground faults, Device 67N.
See Figures 4 and 5 for typical connections of the Type
32Q.
The Type 32Q employs sequence filters to determine the
negative-sequence content of both the polarizing voltage
and operate current, and then compares the phase relationship of these quantities in order to establish direction.
The Type 32Q is preferred over the Type 32D in those cases
where incorrect zero sequence polarization results from mutual induction between paralleled lines, or in stations having
no zero sequence polarizing quantities.

Contacts
Close

The Type 32Q is especially well suited to medium-voltage

metalclad switchgear applications since it can be applied
with two potential transformers connected in open-delta.
The polarization voltage may also be derived from (3) wye
connected pts, where the line-to-line secondary voltage is
nominally 100, 110, or 120 volts.

Type 32 Q - Maximum Torque Angle

The operating characteristic is shown below. The front
panel dial is calibrated 0-90 degrees and corresponds to a
range of 180-90 degrees I2 leads V2. Maximum torque
angle equals (180 degrees minus the dial setting ). A dial
setting of 45 degrees would be typical for most applications.

I2

I2
V2

I2

ZERO DEGREE
SETTING

V2

450 DEGREE
SETTING

V2

900 DEGREE
SETTING

32Q

Page 9

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

Connections

Shown for Phase

Rotation a-b-c

NOTE 'A'

Type 32Q

TRIP
DIRECTION

Type 51

11
POL

10 +

POL

9 +

1 +
3 +
5 +

OP

OP

OP

52
NOTE A: - OR 3 P.T.'S CONNECTED Y - Y.

TYPE 51

TYPE 32Q
8

(-)

(+)

OP

POL

OP
POL

OP

TAR INST TAR TIME

G
16

(- ) (+)

15

14

13

12

11

10

G
16

15

14

13

12

11

10

52
a

(+)
52
TC

(-)

DC CONTROL
RELIABLE
BUS

I2

V2
32Q Contacts Close

PHASOR DIAGRAM SHOWN FOR 1350 MAXIMUM TORQUE ANGLE.

(Type 32Q Dial Setting 450) PHASORS DRAWN FOR I AT MAX. TORQUE ANGLE.
2

Figure 5: Typical Connections, Device 67N, Ground Directional Overcurrent using Type 32Q and
443 Catalog Series Type 51 Single-Phase Overcurrent Relay
Page 10

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

A special version of the Type 32D is available for application
on 25 Hz. systems, catalog number 425G1070.

Application - Type 32D

This relay may be used as the zero sequence directional
unit in conjuction with any of the ABB single-phase timecurrent relays that have torque-control provisions, or the
multiphase relays that have provision for torque-controlling
the ground overcurrent element.
The Type 32D may be polarized from either a current source
(Io) or a potential source (Vo). See Figures 6 & 7 for typical
connections.
Note that since the Type 32D is not a product type relay,
the minimum operating current is not a function of the magnitude of the polarization quantity.
The Type 32D also finds application in ground differential
protection for wye connected generators and wye connected
transformer windings (also known as restricted earth fault
protection). Contact the factory for typical wiring diagrams.
Units with 0.1A or 0.4A sensitivity would normally be used
for this application.

Type 32D - Maximum Torque Angle

The operating characteristic is shown below. The polarizing
quantity (POL) is either current (IO) or voltage (VO). The
front panel dial is calibrated 0 to 90 degrees, and corresponds
to Iop LAGS IPOL or VPOL.
A special version of the Type 32D with maximum torque
angle adjustment Iop LEADS Vpol is available (catalog
number 425D4070) and is used for ground fault detection
on medium voltage ungrounded systems. Contacts from
the Type 32D and a Type 59G would be wired in series to
control the associated ground overcurrent relay, such as a
Type 50D. Contact the factory for additional details of this
application.

Contacts
Close

POL

OP POL

OP

Sensitivity
.02 Amperes
ZERO DEGREE
SETTING

POL

OP
450 DEGREE
SETTING

900 DEGREE
SETTING

32D

Page 11

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

+ 5

32 - POL.
TRIP
DIRECTION
10

+ 9

32 - POL.

1+

PHASE
RELAYS

32 - POL.

4
50/51

52

TYPE 51

TYPE 32D
8

(+)

( )

OP
POL

POL

TAR INST TAR TIME

G
16

( ) (+)

15

14

13

12

11

10

G
16

15

14

13

12

10

11

52
a

(+)
52
TC

Current
Polarized

( )

Contacts
Close

Iop.

Voltage
Polarized
(450 degree
setting)

48/125 VDC
RELIABLE
BUS

Contacts
Close
V pol.

Ipol.

I op.

PHASORS SHOWN FOR OPERATING CURRENT

AT MAXIMUM TORQUE ANGLE.

Figure 6: Typical Connections, Device 67N, Ground Directional Overcurrent using Type 32D and
443 Catalog Series Type 51 Single-Phase Overcurrent Relay
Page 12

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

+ 5

32 - POL.
TRIP
DIRECTION
10

+ 9

32 - POL.

PHASE
RELAYS

1+

32 - POL.

4
50/51

52
TYPE 32D

TYPE
MICRO - 51

Notes: 1. Type 32D can be polarized from either the zero

sequence voltage source or the current source.
TYPE 32D CONNECTED TO
TORQUE - CONTROL TYPE MICRO - 51
+

15

14

13

+ POL

12

OP

POL

11

10

TYPE
32D

MICRO - 51 with
Torque - Control
Option
8

11

10

TRIP
ALARM
T
TAR

15

TIME

14

TAR

13

52
a
52
TC

INST

12

67N
GROUND DIRECTIONAL
OVERCURRENT
FUNCTION

Figure 7: Typical Connections, Device 67N, Ground Directional Overcurrent using Type 32D and
446S Catalog Series Type Micro-51 Single-Phase Overcurrent Relay
Page 13

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

Specifications
Input Circuit Ratings
Potential:
Current:

Burden
Potential:
Current:
Sensitivity:

Maximum Torque
Angle Adjustment:

Types 32, 32Q

Type 32D

120V, nominal, 50 or 60 Hz.

160V, maximum continuous
5A, nominal
10A, maximum continuous
390A, 1 second

120V, nominal, 50 or 60 Hz.

210V, maximum continuous
5A, nominal
10A, maximum continuous
390A, 1 second

0.3VA per phase at 120V

1.0VA phases A and C at 5A
2.0VA phase B at 5A

0.3VA at 120V
0.7VA at 5A

Standard models at maximum torque angle

0.02A at 120V
0.02A at 120V
0.02A at 1.0V
0.02A at 2.0V
0.02A at 0.02A
Models with reduced sensitivity available, see listings of
catalog numbers elsewhere in this booklet.
Type 32: 0-90 degrees I1 lag V1
Type 32Q: 180-90 deg. I2 lead V2
For Type 32Q maximum torque
angle equals (1800- dial setting)

0-90 degrees Iop lag Vpol

0-90 degrees Iop lag Ipol

Optional Sector Control

Continuously Adjustable 30-180 degrees

Control Power Drain:

(typical)

24/32 Vdc rating 12 ma standby, 70 ma trip

48/125 Vdc rating 10 ma standby, 30 ma trip
48/110 Vdc rating 10 ma standby, 35 ma trip
220 Vdc rating 10 ma standby, 20 ma trip
250 Vdc rating 10 ma standby, 20 ma trip

Output Circuit Rating:

See catalog number listings. Units with reed relay type

outputs suitable only for torque-controlling other relays.
Units with tripping contacts are suitable for trip circuit
supervision or for operating auxiliary relays. Rating
of tripping contacts:
at 125Vdc:
at 250Vdc:
30 A
30 A
tripping
5 A
5A
continuous
0.3 A
0.1 A
break inductive

Operating Time:
Operating Temperature:

Pickup and Dropout:

20 milliseconds typical

Minus 20 to plus 70 degrees C.

Seismic Capability:

More than 6g ZPA biaxial broadband multifrequency vibration

without damage or malfunction per ANSI/IEEE C37.98.

Transient Immunity:

1 Mhz Oscillatory and Fast Transient Tests per ANSI/IEEE

C37.90.1 and IEC-255

Weights:
Shipping
Net

Page 14

5.2 lbs (2.4 kg)

4.5 lbs (2.1 kg)

4.9 lbs (2.2 kg)

4.2 lbs (1.9 kg)

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

Type 32 Polyphase High Speed Directional Relay

Internal Connection Diagram

16D425A
Type 32
Directional Relay
Drawout Test Case
+

+
+

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

NC CONTACT 15 16 SUPPLIED ONLY ON

UNITS WITH TRIPPING CONTACTS

Page 15

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

Type 32Q Negative Phase Sequence High Speed Directional Relay

Internal Connection Diagram

16D425A
Type 32Q
Directional Relay
Drawout Test Case
+

+
+

16

15

14

13

12

11

NC CONTACT 15 16 SUPPLIED ONLY ON

UNITS WITH TRIPPING CONTACTS

Page 16

10

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

Type 32D Dual Polarized High Speed Directional Relay

Internal Connection Diagram

16D425B
Type 32D
Directional Relay
Drawout Test Case
+

+ POL

16

15

14

13

2
+
+

OP
POL

12

11

10

NC CONTACT 15 - 16 SUPPLIED ONLY ON

UNITS WITH TRIPPING CONTACTS

Page 17

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

TESTING

Built-in Test Feature

Maintenance and Renewal Parts

Tests should be made on a de-energized main circuit. If

tests must be made on an energized circuit, be sure to take
all necessary precautions. Control power must be available
to make this test.

No routine maintenance is required on the 425 catalog series directional relays. Follow test instructions to verify that
the relay is in proper working order. We recommend that an
inoperative unit be returned to the factory for repair; however, a schematic diagram will be provided on request. Renewal parts will be quoted by the factory on request.

425 Series Units

Metal handles provide leverage to withdraw the relay assembly from the case. Removing the unit in an application
that uses the normally closed contact may result in an operation. Removing a unit that is torque-controlling an associated relay such as an overcurrent relay will likely defeat
the protection provided by that relay. The assembly is identified by the catalog number stamped on the front panel and
by a serial number stamped on the bottom of the circuit
board.
Test connections are readily made to the drawout relay unit
by means of standard banana plugs. Current connections
are made to the vertical posts at the blade assembly. Control power and output connections are made at the rear vertical circuit board. This rear board is marked for easy identification of the connection points.
Should separation of the upper and lower circuit boards be
necessary, remove (2) screws that attach the left and right
handle assemblies to the upper printed circuit board. Certain units also require the removal of the (2) screws on the
bottom of the lower board that secure the board to the
backplane board. The lower circuit board can then be withdrawn forward from the printed circuit connector. An 18
point extender board is available from the factory (catalog
number 200X0018) if access to this assembly is required
for troubleshooting.

Test Plug
A test plug assembly, catalog 400X0001, is available for
use with the 425 series units. This device plugs into the
relay case on the switchboard and allows access to all external circuits wired to the case, including the ct circuits.
See Instruction Book IB 7.7.1.7-8 for details on the use of
this device.

High Potential Tests

High potential tests are not recommended. A hi-pot test
was performed at the factory before shipping. If a control
wiring insulation test is required, withdraw the relay element
from the case before applying the test voltage.

Page 18

The built-in test is provided as a convenient functional test

of the relay and associated circuitry. When you press the
test button the relay will operate (in the tripping direction)
and its output contacts will transfer. When the button is
released the relay will reset. Note that if the 425 series
relay is being used to control an overcurrent relay, operation of the directional relay output may or may not result in
the operation of the overcurrent relay, depending on the level
of ac input current being seen by the overcurrent relay at
that time.

Acceptance Tests
Acceptance tests on these relays consists of checking the
pickup current with input conditions at the maximum torque
angle, and then with a higher level of current, checking the
tripping sector phase angles to confirm the directional characteristic.

Type 32
Typical test connections for the Type 32 are shown in Figure
8. If the relay has dual control voltage rating, check the
position of the internal control voltage selector before applying dc control voltage.
Apply the polarizing voltage per Figure 8 and the Table of
Test Parameters. Increase the operate current equally in
all phases and compare to the relays rating. For the standard 0.02A sensitivity, the relay should pick up at 0.025A or
less. Increase the current to 1.0A and vary the phase
angles equally (lead or lag) in all three phases to determine
the tripping sector. The limits of operation should be per
page 21, with a +/-7.5 degree tolerance.

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

Type 32Q
Typical test connections for the Type 32Q are shown in Figure 8. If the relay has dual control voltage rating, check the
position of the internal control voltage selector before applying dc control voltage.
Apply the polarizing voltage per Figure 8 and the Table of
Test Parameters. Increase the operate current equally in
all phases and compare to the relays rating. For the standard 0.02A sensitivity, the relay should pick up at 0.025A or
less. Increase the current to 1.0A and vary the phase
angles equally (lead or lag) in all three phases to determine
the tripping sector. The limits of operation should be per
page 21, with a +/-7.5 degree tolerance.

Apply the polarizing voltage to terminals 9 and 10. Increase the operate current and compare to the relays rating. For the standard 0.02A sensitivity, the relay should
pick up at 0.025A or less. Increase the current to 1.0A and
vary the phase angle (lead or lag) to determine the tripping
sector. The limits of operation should be per page 21, with
a +/-7.5 degree tolerance.
Remove the polarizing voltage and apply 1 ampere polarizing current to terminals 5 and 6. Increase the operate current and compare to the relays rating. For the standard 0.02A
sensitivity, the relay should pick up at 0.025A or less. Increase the current to 1.0A and vary the phase angle (lead
or lag) to determine the tripping sector. The limits of operation should be per page 21, with a +/-7.5 degree tolerance.

Type 32D
Typical test connections for the Type 32 are shown in Figure
9. If the relay has dual control voltage rating, check the
position of the internal control voltage selector before
applying dc control voltage.

Page 19

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

THREE-PHASE TEST SET

CURRENT SOURCE #1

CURRENT SOURCE #2
CURRENT SOURCE #3

+
+
+
-

VOLTAGE SOURCE #1

+
-

VOLTAGE SOURCE #2

+
-

VOLTAGE SOURCE #3

+
-

DC CONTROL
+
-

14

15

+
+

+
POL

16

13

11

12

10

TO CONTACT
POSITION MONITOR

Figure 8: Types 32 and 32Q - Typical Test Connections

RELAY TEST SET

CURRENT SOURCE #1

CURRENT SOURCE #2

VOLTAGE SOURCE #1

+
+
+
DC CONTROL
+
-

+
+

+ POL
POL

16

15

14

13

MONITOR
CONTACT

Figure 9: Type 32D - Typical Test Connections

Page 20

12

11

10

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

In the following Chart, MTA is the maximum torque angle of the relay MTA +120 means the test source phase angle
should be 120 degrees leading the maximum torque angle. MTA 120 means a source setting of 120 degrees lagging the
Maximum Torque angle.
For the Types 332 and 32D, the MTA is equal to the dial setting and is lagging from zero degrees by that value.
For the Type 32Q, the MTA is leading from zero degrees and is equal in degrees to 180 minus the dial setting.

Test-Setup Parameters
Current Sources
Type 32 Pickup Test

Source #1

Source #2

I @ MTA

I @ MTA-120

Voltage Sources

Source #3
I @ MTA+120

Source #1

Source #2

65v @ 0 deg

65v @ 120 lag

65v @ 120 lead

Source #3

65v @ 120 lag

65v @ 120 lead

Vary current magnitude equally on all three current sources to determine operating point of the relay.

Type 32 Characteristic Angle

1A@ MTA

1A @ MTA -120

1A @ MTA+120 65v @ 0 deg

Vary phase angle of all three current sources equally and simultaneously to determine operating characteristic angles. Tripping
characteristic should be 90 degrees on either side of the Maximum Torque Angle (+/- 7.5 degrees).

Type 32Q Pickup Test

I @ MTA

I @ MTA +120

I @ MTA -120

65v @ 0 deg

65v @ 120 lead 65v @ 120 lag

Vary current magnitude equally on all three current sources to determine operating point of the relay.

1A@ MTA

Type 32Q Characteristic Angle

1A @ MTA +120 1A @ MTA -120

65v @ 0 deg

65v @ 120 lead

65v @ 120 lag

Vary phase angle of all three current sources equally and simultaneously to determine operating characteristic angles. Tripping
characteristic should be 90 degrees on either side of the Maximum Torque Angle (+/- 7.5 degrees).

Type 32D Pickup Test

I @ MTA

65v @ 0 deg

Vary current magnitude to determine the operating point of the relay at the Maximum Torque Angle.
-

65v @ 0 deg
Vary phase angle to determine operating characteristic angles. Tripping characteristic should be 90 degrees on either side of the Maximum
Torque Angle (+/- 7.5 degrees).

Type 32D Characteristic Angle

1A@ MTA

Type 32D Characteristic Angle

1A@ MTA

1A@ 0 degrees

Vary phase angle to determine operating characteristic angles. Tripping characteristic should be 90 degrees on either side of the Maximum
Torque Angle (+/- 7.5 degrees).

Contacts
Close

Contacts
Close

V1

POL

OP POL

V1

V1

POL

I1
I1

ZERO DEGREE
SETTING

900 DEGREE
SETTING

450 DEGREE
SETTING

ZERO DEGREE
SETTING

OP

Sensitivity
.02 Amperes

I1

OP
450 DEGREE
SETTING

900 DEGREE
SETTING

32D

32
Contacts
Close

I2

I2
V2

I2

ZERO DEGREE
SETTING

V2

450 DEGREE
SETTING

V2

900 DEGREE
SETTING

32Q

Page 21

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

Appendix

Directional Unit

Theory of Operation - Type 32

This is a single-phase unit, polarized with the output of the

positive sequence voltage segregating network (V1). The
operating current is the output of the current network,
proportional to I1. Thus the relay compares the direction of
I1 to V1.

The Circut Shield Type 32 is a three-phase directional relay,

consisting of:
Positive-phase sequence voltage segregating network,
Positive-phase sequence current segregation network, and
one single-phase directional element.
These elements are represented in Figure 10.

Sequence Voltage Network

As shown in Figure 10, the relay is connected to the (delta)
voltages, Vab and Vbc , through the input transformers. On
the secondary side, Vbc is phase shifted by 60 lead, and Vab
by 0. These quantities are summed at Vx.
Since Va = V0 + V1 + V2
Vb = V0 + a2 V1 + aV2
Vc = V0 + a V1 + a2 V2
and Vab = Va - Vb = V1(1 - a2) + V2(1 - a)
= 3V1 e j30 + 3V2 e j330
Vbc = Vb - Vc = V1(a2 - a) + V2(a - a2)

Maximum Torque angle is adjustable from 0 to 90, that is

I1 lag V1 by the selected angle. This relationship is shown
on Page 5 for settings of 0, 45, and 90. Selection of the
angle is easily made by a dial on the front panel.
Typical sensitivity curves are shown in Figures 13 and 14.
Note that these are not product-type relays, and so the
minimum operating current is not a function of the voltage.
The operation of the relay requires only that the voltage be
above the minimum (1v) and the current above the minimum
(.02A at the maximum torque angle), for a 1800 sector width.
The directional unit is of block-block design which requires
a timer setting equivalent to 900 (4.16 milliseconds at 60
Hz) for a 1800 tripping characteristic. Certain models of the
TYPE-32 are provided with an adjustable timer which allows
setting the timer for a sector width from 300 to 1800. A
reduction of sensitivity occurs as the sector is narrowed.
Refer to Figures 13 and 14.

= 3V1 e j270 + 3V2 e j90

then

Vx ~ Vabe j0 + Vbce j60

= 3V1 (e j30 + e j330) + 3V2 (e j330 + ej150)
= 3V1 (e j0) + zero

That is, Vx is proportional to the magnitude of the positivesequence component only.

Sequence Current Network

The relay is supplied with the three phase currents, Ia, Ib
and Ic through the input transformers. As shown in Figure
10, the CTA has a double wound primary, with IB wound
series opposing IA. Thus, the secondary current of CTA is
proportional to ( IA - IB). Similarly, the secondary current of
CTB is proportional to ( IB - IC). Each secondary is loaded
with a resistance R, across each of which appear voltages
proportional to these (delta) currents.
The equations for the current network proceed analogous to
those for the voltage network, with the conclusion that
RIx ~ RI1ej0
that is, proportional to the positive sequence component
only.

Page 22

Figure 10: Simplified Circuit Arrangement

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

Type 32 with Sector Control

MTA = 00

MTA = 450

MTA = 900

Figure 11: Sector Width Adjusted to 900 in Each Case

Direction of Power Flow

32

32

32

32

1
(Fault)

(load)

(load)

(Fault)

Figure 12: Phasors for Load and Fault at Each End of Line Positive
Direction of Current Assumed Into the Line at Each End

Page 23

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

300
3300

200
3400

100
3500

3500
100

3400
200

3500
300

3200
400

AMPS

400
3200

500
3100

V = 120 Vs

.16

600
3000

3100
500

.12
700
2900

3000
600

2900
700

.08
800
2800

2800
800

.04
.02

900
2600

2700
900

1000
2600

2600
1000

1100
2500

2500
1100

1200
2400

2400
1200

1300
2300

2300
1300

1400
2200

2200
1400

1500
2100

1600
2000

1700
1900

1900
1800

1900
1700

2000
1600

Figure 13: Type 32 Operating Characteristic at 120V Polarization

Page 24

2100
1500

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

300
3300

100
3500

200
3400

3500
100

3400
200

3500
300

3200
400

30

VOLTS

15

400
3200

500
3100

45

I=5A

8
6

600
3000

3100
500

700
2900

3000
600

2900
700

4
800
2800

2
1

90

900
2600

2800
80

2700
900

1000
2600

2600
1000

1100
2500

2500
1100

1200
2400

2400
1200

1300
2300

2300
1300

1400
2200

2200
1400

1500
2100

1600
2000

1700
1900

1900
1800

1900
1700

2000
1600

2100
1500

Figure 14: Type 32 Operating Characteristic at 5 Amps Operate Current

Page 25

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

Users Notes:

Page 26

ABB High Speed Directional Relays

Users Notes:

Page 27

ABB HIGH SPEED DIRECTIONAL RELAYS

Instruction Booklet
Issue D September 1999 (IB7.8.1.72)
Supersedes Issue C

These instructions do not purport to cover all details or variations in equipment, nor to provide for every possible
contingency to be met in conjunction with installation, operation or maintenance. Should particular problems arise
which are not covered sufficiently for the purchaser's purposes, the matter should be referred to your local ABB
Power T&D Company, Inc. sales representative.

ABB Automation Inc.

Substation Automation and Protection Division
7036 Snowdrift Road
Allentown, PA 18106
USA
Tel: (610) 395-7333
800-634-6005
Fax: (610) 395-1055