This document provides an overview of CWDM and DWDM technologies. It discusses fiber characteristics and the development of CWDM and DWDM. CWDM uses lower density 20nm wavelength spacing, while DWDM uses denser 1.6nm spacing. CWDM is best for short distances and applications with mixed protocols. DWDM is used for high capacity long distances and undersea cables. Both technologies continue advancing to increase capacity and distances for future applications.
This document provides an overview of CWDM and DWDM technologies. It discusses fiber characteristics and the development of CWDM and DWDM. CWDM uses lower density 20nm wavelength spacing, while DWDM uses denser 1.6nm spacing. CWDM is best for short distances and applications with mixed protocols. DWDM is used for high capacity long distances and undersea cables. Both technologies continue advancing to increase capacity and distances for future applications.
This document provides an overview of CWDM and DWDM technologies. It discusses fiber characteristics and the development of CWDM and DWDM. CWDM uses lower density 20nm wavelength spacing, while DWDM uses denser 1.6nm spacing. CWDM is best for short distances and applications with mixed protocols. DWDM is used for high capacity long distances and undersea cables. Both technologies continue advancing to increase capacity and distances for future applications.
This document provides an overview of CWDM and DWDM technologies. It discusses fiber characteristics and the development of CWDM and DWDM. CWDM uses lower density 20nm wavelength spacing, while DWDM uses denser 1.6nm spacing. CWDM is best for short distances and applications with mixed protocols. DWDM is used for high capacity long distances and undersea cables. Both technologies continue advancing to increase capacity and distances for future applications.
Overview Fiber Cable WDM Characteristics CWDM Course WDM DWDM Dense WDM Applications Best Fit- Future? Summary Communication ConsultantsFargo, ND
1 - Overview
Long and dense routes provided the
economic drivers to maximize ROI. DWDM was perfected in the 1990s.
Undersea cables met this criteria early.
Transcontinental fiber routes were next. Fiber Glut was a consequence.
R/W issues and unexpected circuit
demand became local applications.
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Overview
Short and multi-protocol routes had unique
drivers in special applications like Metros and video headends.
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CWDM has lower density but is also 40% lower in
cost than DWDM. Video feeds with a variety of analog, digital, RF and control protocols were perfect for CWDM. CWDM is very cost effective in providing circuit relief in lower density TDM Sonet networks. Original CWDM was developed in the 1980s for MMF. Communication ConsultantsFargo, ND
Overview
To fully understand the unique problems and
benefits of WDM, the characteristics of legacy and current fiber production will be explored. Section 2 on Fiber Characteristics discusses the main issues and todays answers. CWDM development and specs are discussed in section 3. It was an original 1980s product which is now revitalized. DWDM development and specs are discussed in section 4. It was developed in the 1990s.
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Overview
Current applications and current
strategies are discussed in section 5. The Best Fit parameters and current research on WDM improvements provide insight on expected future applications.
Linear crosstalk Four wave mixing Cross phase modulation Self phase modulation Communication ConsultantsFargo, ND
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Attenuation vs. Wavelength
classic non-dispersion shifted SMF cable
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Low Water Peak
Nondispersion Shifted Fiber
Optimizes SMF fiber for WDM applications in
the 1285nm to 1625nm region by reducing the classic OH peak. ITU standard typically 0.2 dB/ Km at 1550nm. (ITU-T G.652.C) Zero dispersion wavelength is in the standard 1310nm region. Reduces / eliminates the water peak by improved manufacturing process.
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Dispersion shifted fiber
Zero dispersion shifted fiber moves the
neutral dispersion wavelength to the 1550 low attenuation window. (ITU G.653) Because of DWDM FWM (Four Wave Mixing) newer Nonzero Dispersion shifted fiber was developed and replaces Zero dispersion shifted fibers. (ITU G.655)
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NZD- and NZD+ fiber move the zero dispersion
wavelength to either side of the 1550nm point. Communication ConsultantsFargo, ND
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CWDM Optical Spectrum
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20nm spaced wavelengths
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DWDM vs. CWDM Spectrum
1.6nm Spacing
ITU-T G.694.1 standard
DWDM Region
dB
1470
1490
1510
1530
1550
1570
1590
1610
Wavelength CWDM 20nm channel spacing July 2006
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3 CWDM
Originally developed in the 1980s for adding capacity
to multi-mode fiber cable routes in campus LANs.
About 1995, CWDM was revitalized with SMF
wavelengths for metro area fiber route capacity increases.
25nm spacing in the 850 nm window.
The original band at 1310nm was used.
Currently the latest ITU spec G.694.2 defines 18
channels in 5 bands with 20nm spacing.
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The bands are the O, E,S,C and L.
The E band includes the 1385nm water peak so is the last one implemented unless low WP cable is used. Typical capacity of 50Mb to 2.7Gb Communication ConsultantsFargo, ND
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CWDM
Advantages
Simpler technology allows:
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Lower power consumption- 20%
Smaller space requirements- 30% Can use SMF or MMF cable Can use LEDs or Lasers for power Larger individual payloads per channel Smaller and cheaper wave filters Cost savings on start up and expansion Communication ConsultantsFargo, ND
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CWDM
Disadvantages
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Less capacity than DWDM
Less range Regeneration vs. amplification O, A and M functions are not carrier class
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4 DWDM
Developed in the early 1990s to add capacity to
undersea and transcontinental routes. Uses the 1500nm to 1600nm band which has minimum attenuation for long distance routes. Operates in the prime EDFA region EDFA amps provide maximum distance Can provide typical 2 to 128 channels of capacity
Channel spacing is likely 0.8nm for economy
Typically operates at 2.4Gb and 10Gb
ITU channel plan is G.694.1 (1200ch @ 0.1nm)
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DWDM
Advantages
Maximum capacity system available
Maximum distance capability with EDFAs Repeater amp sites can be reduced
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MCI and ATT reduced sites by 30%
Pay as you grow expansion
Mature O, A and M systems are developed Communication ConsultantsFargo, ND
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DWDM
Disadvantages
Complex technology requires:
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more space more power high accuracy lasers and wave filters Expensive EDFAs for amplifiers
Start up costs are more than equivalent
CWDM Communication ConsultantsFargo, ND
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5- Applications- CWDM
CWDM is very flexible and has adapted to
specialized applications such as:
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Video headend feeds for multi protocol signals
Campus LAN expansion Lower density capacity fixes Short distance capacity fixes Metro area distribution and expansion Data center storage routes Spur routes for DWDM systems Applications where low start up and expansion rules vs the alternative DWDM choices Communication ConsultantsFargo, ND
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Applications - DWDM DWDM is the proven workhorse of the high capacity and long distance carriers.
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Many products are available from most
traditional transport suppliers. The O, A and M capabilities are world class. Secondary market systems are available which can significantly reduce costs. Communication ConsultantsFargo, ND
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Applications Future?
CWDM continues to evolve into
specialized applications.
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Combination transport and optical routers
or switches are being developed now. Add- on CWDM cards are being included in more transport devices as low cost options. Suppliers are continuing to drive down costs and increase capacity. Communication ConsultantsFargo, ND
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Applications- Future?
DWDM research is working on increasing the
capacity and distance of future DWDM products.
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Wide Spectrum DWDM is on the future horizon
and will offer more channels. The electronics and chip industry is constantly increasing quality yields which will drive costs lower and increase capability. Combination systems with CWDM and DWDM capabilities are being produced now. FTTP technology intends to expand capacity with a wavelength per home. Communication ConsultantsFargo, ND
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6- Summary
CWDM and DWDM technology
continues to advance and provide solutions to applications not imagined or feasible years ago. Each technology provides a unique fit and will complement not replace the other.
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Thank You!
Special thanks is due to many authors and vendors who have
provided source material for this presentation. This presentation is not meant as original research but as a compendium of many sources.
