Implicitly Defined Curves and Their Tangents

Implicitly Defined Curves and Their Tangents
Raphael Sevilla
Objectives: The objective of this project is to explore finding the derivative of implicit
relationships and obtain images of these implicit relationships
Commands: Plot;D;Solve;N;/n
Plot of h x
2
Exercises
1. For the following lemniscates
1
1(a). Make 3 labeled plots; one plot for each

individual implicit function and a joint plot
including both implicit functions.
f[x]: -2(x^2+y^2)^2=3x^2-3y^2,y], with x and y

values from -6 to 6
1
Solved for y =
2
2
G[x]: 2(x^2+y^2)^2=3x^2-3y^2, with x and y values from -6 to 6

H[x]: Joint plot including both f[x] and g[x] with x and y values from -2 to 2
I used the CountourPlot command of Mathematica and used the given functions to plug in.
Plot of f x
Plot of g x
1(b). Use your plot to estimate the points where the vertical and horizontal tangents are and then
use the implicit derivative to find these points analytically with the help of Mathematica
The problem asks to estimate where the vertical and horizontal tangents are and use the implicit
derivative to find these points analytically with Mathematica.. In the graph of f(x), there
will be two horizontal tangents from around the x values of -.5 to .5 In addition, at around
the x values of .25 and 0.25 there will be two vertical tangents. I found this through that
a horizontal tangent will occur when the slope is 0, and wherever the plot is a horizontal
line, on the other hand, a vertical tangent line will occur wherever there is a vertical line.
In the graph of g(x), there will be horizontal tangents from the y values of -1.4 and 1.4
and .5 to 1.75, there will be vertical tangents at the x values -1.25 and 1.25.
((
1(c) How are the lemniscates related to one another? How are the vertical and horizontal
tangents of the two lemniscates related to one another?
In this problem, the question asks how the two lemniscates are related to each other and how are
their tangents related to one another. Through examining the graph, both graphs share the same
origin, at (0, 0). Similarly, the distance from the origin to the maximum on the y axis for one
lemniscate is the same from the origin to the highest x value on the horizontal lemniscate. The
tangent values of the horizontal and vertical are switched for the two lemniscates.
2(a) Make a plot of this equation for x between -1 and 2 and y between -1.5 and 1.75
1.5
The problem accounted for a plot of the equation for x between -1 and 2
and y between -1.5 and 1.75. From completing the practice exercises
using the command ContourPlot, I used that function defining the
specified x values and y values.
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2(b) Does the name of the curve seem appropriate? Is this curve a function? Explain.
The problem asks whether or not the name seems appropriate for how the function appears and if
the requirements of a function are met. I looked at the top portion of the plot and it seemed to be
a cover of a wagon. In addition, the bottom portion which ranged from around the y values of 1.5 looked like the portion of the wagon which included the wheels. In order answer whether if
this curve is a function, I used the book to determine the definition of a function. The definition
is as follows, A function, f, is a rule that assigns to each element x in a set D exactly one
element, called f(x), in a set E. This means that every x value has only one y value. As such, I
used the vertical line test on the curve and it does not pass the test, which means that this curve is
not a function.
2(c) Use your plot to estimate the points where the vertical and horizontal tangents are and then
use the implicit derivative to find these points analytically with the help of Mathematica.
The question asks to estimate the points where there will be vertical and horizontal tangents. In
addition, to using the implicit derivative to find these points analytically with the help of
Mathematica. There will be a horizontal tangent lines at y = 1.5 and y= -1.0. In addition, there
will be a vertical tangent line at the x value around -1 and 1.5. In order to find the horizontal
tangent lines, I used the information that horizontal tangent lines are finding where y=0.
Horizontal Tangents:
( (
)(
Vertical Tangents:
( (
))
))
2(d) Is there only one tangent line at x = 1.5? Are there more than one? Find the slopes and the
equations of the tangent line(s) when x = 1.5 (Hint, substitute x = 1.5 into the implicit function
and solve for y as done in the discussion above)
The problem asks whether if there is one tangent line at the x value of 1.5 in addition to finding
the slopes and the equations of the tangent line(s) when x = 1.5. I substituted x = 1.5 into solving
the implicit function. Afterwards the input showed that there were 5 values, which means that
there are 5 tangent lines. No, there are several tangent lines at x =1.5
y - .05407847381625697=1.24552(x-1.5)
y +1.220672111142222558=10.6958(x-1.5)
y 1.5781449376722834= -0.232298(x-1.5)

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Implicitly Defined Curves and Their Tangents

1(a). Make 3 labeled plots; one plot for each

f[x]: -2(x^2+y^2)^2=3x^2-3y^2,y], with x and y

G[x]: 2(x^2+y^2)^2=3x^2-3y^2, with x and y values from -6 to 6

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