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Litmus Paper Acidity Alkalinity PH Value: PH Values of Water Completely Explained

Stripping and scrubbing are similar processes used to remove components from liquid or gas phases. Stripping removes a desired component from a liquid using a gas/vapor phase, like in distillation. Scrubbing removes components from a gas using a liquid phase, and is used in pollution control. The pH value indicates whether a substance is acidic, alkaline, or neutral. pH is measured on a scale from 0-14, with 7 being neutral. Common substances like coffee, milk and baking soda have defined pH ranges. Water pH below 7 is acidic and above 7 is alkaline. Ideal drinking water pH is 6-8.5. pH affects water hardness and corrosion. Ammonia is removed from

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95 views3 pages

Litmus Paper Acidity Alkalinity PH Value: PH Values of Water Completely Explained

Stripping and scrubbing are similar processes used to remove components from liquid or gas phases. Stripping removes a desired component from a liquid using a gas/vapor phase, like in distillation. Scrubbing removes components from a gas using a liquid phase, and is used in pollution control. The pH value indicates whether a substance is acidic, alkaline, or neutral. pH is measured on a scale from 0-14, with 7 being neutral. Common substances like coffee, milk and baking soda have defined pH ranges. Water pH below 7 is acidic and above 7 is alkaline. Ideal drinking water pH is 6-8.5. pH affects water hardness and corrosion. Ammonia is removed from

Uploaded by

mohamedbadawy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Stripping Process

What is difference between scrubber and stripper?


In stripping desired component is removed from liquid phase using gas/vapor phase, like in case of
distillation but in case of scrubbing liquid phase is used to remove component from gas phase. Scrubbing is
generally used in pollution control operation like removing pollutants (like ash) from gas using liquid.
PH Values Of Water Completely Explained
Remember the time in 4th grade science class when you did that experiment
with litmus paper and it turned red when you put it on a lemon and blue in soapy
water? That was probably your first experiment into the wondrous science of pH.
The indicator for acidity, alkalinity, or basic is known as the pH value. A pH value of 7
means a substance is neutral. The lower value indicates acidity, and a higher value is
a sign of alkalinity. To better understand the range in pH, take a look at these
examples:

Apple Juice - 3
Orange Juice - 3.5
Coffee - 5.5
Milk - 6.2
Baking Soda - 8.5
Soapy water - 10
Bleach - 12

In addition, many of the foods we eat contain an acidic pH because of their bacteria
killing functions.
pH and Water
So, what does pH mean for water? Basically, the pH value is a good indicator of
whether water is hard or soft. The pH of pure water is 7. In general, water with a pH
lower than 7 is considered acidic, and with a pH greater than 7 is considered basic.

The normal range for pH in surface water systems is 6.5 to 8.5, and the pH range
for groundwater systems is between 6 to 8.5. Alkalinity is a measure of the capacity
of the water to resist a change in pH that would tend to make the water more acidic.
The measurement of alkalinity and pH is needed to determine the corrosiveness of
the water.
In general, water with a pH < 6.5 could be acidic, soft, and corrosive. Acidic water
could contain metal ions such as iron, manganese, copper, lead, and zinc. In other
words, acidic water contains elevated levels of toxic metals. Acidic water can cause
premature damage to metal piping, and have associated aesthetic problems such as a
metallic or sour taste. It can also stain laundry and cause "blue-green" color staining
on sinks and drains. More importantly, there is health risks associated with these
toxins. The primary way to treat the problem of low pH water is with the use of a
neutralizer. The neutralizer feeds a solution into the water to prevent the water from
reacting with the household plumbing or from contributing to electrolytic corrosion. A
typical neutralizing chemical is soda ash. Also known as sodium carbonate, soda ash
works to increase the sodium content which increases pH. Water with a pH > 8.5
could indicate that the water is hard. Hard water does not pose a health risk, but can
also cause aesthetic problems. These problems include an alkali taste to the water
(making that morning coffee taste bitter!), formation of scale deposits on dishes,
utensils, and laundry basins, difficulty in getting soaps and detergents to lather, and
the formation of insoluble precipitates on clothing.
According to a Wilkes University study, the association of pH with atmospheric gases
and temperature is the primary reason why water samples should be tested on a
regular basis. The study says that the pH value of the water is not a measure of the
strength of the acidic or basic solution, and alone cannot provide a full picture of the
characteristics or limitations with the water supply.
While the ideal pH level of drinking water should be between 6-8.5, the human body
maintains pH equilibrium on a constant basis and will not be affected by water
consumption. For example, our stomachs have a naturally low pH level of 2 which is a
beneficial acidity that helps us with food digestion.
Ammonia removal (NH3) out of wastewater in an NH3 stripper absorber combination
Wastewater (industrial as well as municipal waste water) often contains high concentrations of
ammonia. To remove the ammonia out of the wastewater, the air stripping of ammonia-laden
water is a proven technology. The ammonia or NH3 is first stripped from the wastewater in the
stripping tower. The equipment used for this stripping process is similar to that of the gas
scrubbing technology: an NH3 stripping tower is a packed column (with internals and packing
inside) similar to those used for chemical gas scrubbing. The preheated ammonia-laden water
enters the stripper on top; a counter flow gas stream comes in from the bottom of the NH3 stripper.
NaOH is added to obtain a correct pH value, which will allow the ammonia to be dissociated or

stripped from the water. The treated water will be collected at the bottom of the stripper; the now
ammonia-laden gasses leave the strip tower at the top, for further treatment in the NH3 absorber.

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