Paul Jones

American Pageant Chapter 23

1. Thomas Nast
Thomas Nast (September 27, 1840 – December 7, 1902) was a German-born
American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist who is considered to be the "Father of the
American Cartoon."
2. Roscoe Conkling
Roscoe Conkling was a politician from New York who served both as a member of the
United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. He was the leader of the
Stalwart faction of the Republican Party and, as of July 2009, the last person to refuse a
U.S. Supreme Court appointment after he had been already been confirmed by the U.S.
Senate.
3. Rutherford B. Hayes
Rutherford Birchard Hayes was an American politician, lawyer, military leader and the
19th President of the United States (1877–1881). Hayes was elected President by one
electoral vote after the highly disputed election of 1876. Losing the popular vote to his
opponent, Samuel Tilden, Hayes was the only president whose election was decided by a
congressional commission.
4. Samuel Tilden
Samuel Jones Tilden was the Democratic candidate for the U.S. presidency in the
disputed election of 1876, one of the most controversial American elections of the 19th
century. A political reformer, he was a Bourbon Democrat who worked closely with the
New York City business community, led the fight against the corruption of Tammany
Hall, and fought to keep taxes low.
5. James A. Garfield
James Abram Garfield was the 20th President of the United States. His death, two
months after being shot and six months after his inauguration, made his tenure, at 199
days, the second shortest (after William Henry Harrison) in United States history.
6. Chester A. Arthur
Chester Alan Arthur was an American politician who served as the 21st President of the
United States. Arthur was a member of the Republican Party and worked as a lawyer
before becoming the 20th Vice President under James Garfield. While Garfield was
mortally wounded by Charles J. Guiteau on July 2, 1881, he did not die until September
19, at which time Arthur was sworn in as president, serving until March 4, 1885.
7. Charles J. Guiteau
Charles Julius Guiteau (September 8, 1841 – June 30, 1882) was an American lawyer
who assassinated U.S. President James A. Garfield on July 2, 1881. He was executed by
hanging.
8. Grover Cleveland
Stephen Grover Cleveland was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States.
Cleveland is the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms (1885–1889 and
1893–1897) and therefore is the only individual to be counted twice in the numbering of
the presidents. He was the winner of the popular vote for president three times—in 1884,
1888, and 1892—and was the only Democrat elected to the presidency in the era of
Republican political domination that lasted from 1860 to 1912. Cleveland's admirers
praise him for his honesty, independence, integrity, and commitment to the principles of
classical liberalism. As a leader of the Bourbon Democrats, he opposed imperialism,
taxes, subsidies and inflationary policies. As a reformer he also worked against
corruption, patronage, and bossism.
9. Benjamin Harrison
Benjamin Harrison was the 23rd President of the United States, serving one term
from 1889 to 1893. Harrison was born in North Bend, Ohio, and moved to Indianapolis,
Indiana at the age of 21, where he became a prominent state politician. During the
American Civil War Harrison served as a Brigadier General in the XX Corps of the Army
of the Cumberland. After the war he unsuccessfully ran for the governorship of Indiana,
but was later appointed to the U.S. Senate from that state.
10. William McKinley
William McKinley Jr. (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of
the United States, and the last veteran of the American Civil War to be elected to the
office.
11. William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 – July 26, 1925) was the Democratic Party
nominee for President of the United States in 1896, 1900 and 1908, a lawyer, and the 41st
United States Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson. One of the most
popular speakers in American history, he was noted for a deep, commanding voice.
Bryan was a devout Presbyterian, a supporter of popular democracy, a critic of banks and
railroads, a leader of the silverite movement in the 1890s, a leading figure in the
Democratic Party, a peace advocate, a prohibitionist, an opponent of Darwinism, and one
of the most prominent leaders of populism in the late 19th - and early 20th century.
12. Gilded Age
In American history, the Gilded Age refers to substantial growth in population in the
United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class
during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century (1865-
1901). The term "Gilded Age" was coined by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner in
their 1873 book, The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today.
13. Spoils System
In the politics of the United States, a spoil system (also known as a patronage system)
is an informal practice where a political party, after winning an election, gives
government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive
to keep working for the party—as opposed to a system of awarding offices on the basis of
some measure of merit independent of political activity.
14. Populism
Populism is a type of political-social thought which juxtaposes "the people" with "the
elites", urging social and political system changes and/or a rhetorical style deployed by
members of political or social movements. The Cambridge dictionary defines it as
"political ideas and activities that are intended to represent ordinary people's needs and
wishes"
15. Grandfather Clause
A grandfather clause is an exception that allows an old rule to continue to apply to
some existing situations, when a new rule will apply to all future situations.
16. The “Bloody Shirt”
 17. Tweed Ring
The Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th
century New York.
18. Bland-Allison Act
The Bland-Allison Act was an 1878 act of Congress requiring the U.S. Treasury to
buy a certain amount of silver and put it into circulation as silver dollars. Vetoed by
President Rutherford B. Hayes, the Congress overrode Hayes' veto on February 28, 1878
to enact the law.
19. Stalwart
The "Stalwarts" were a faction of the United States Republican Party toward the end of
the 19th century.
20. Mugwumps
The Mugwumps were Republican political activists who supported Democratic
candidate Grover Cleveland in the United States presidential election of 1884. They
switched parties because they rejected the financial corruption associated with
Republican candidate James G. Blaine.
21. Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896), is a landmark United States Supreme Court
decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of
racial segregation even in public accommodations (particularly railroads), under the
doctrine of "separate but equal".
22. Jim Crow
The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States enacted between
1876 and 1965. They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities, with a
supposedly "separate but equal" status for black Americans. In reality, this led to
treatment and accommodations that were usually inferior to those provided for white
Americans, systematizing a number of economic, educational and social disadvantages.
23. People’s Party
The People's Party, later erroneously also known as the Populist Party (derived from
"Populist" which is the noun which describes the member of this party) was a short-lived
political party in the United States in the late 19th century. It flourished particularly
among western farmers, based largely on its opposition to the gold standard.
24. Sherman Silver Purchase Act
The Sherman Silver Purchase Act was enacted in July 14, 1890 as a United States
federal law. It was named after its author, Senator John Sherman, an Ohio Republican,
chairman of the Senate Finance Committee. While not authorizing the free and unlimited
coinage of silver that the Free Silver supporters wanted, it increased the amount of silver
the government was required to purchase every month. The Sherman Silver Purchase Act
had been passed in response to the growing complaints of farmers and mining interests.
25. McKinley Tariff
The McKinley Tariff of 1890 set the average ad valorem tariff ate for imports to the
United States at 48.4%, and protected manufacturing. Its chief proponent was
Congressman and future President William McKinley.