Direct and Indirect Speech

In this section, We are going to see how the conversion of Direct

to Indirect Speech is done. We may report the words of a
speaker in two ways.
Direct Speech
We may quote the actual words of the speaker. This method is called Direct Speech.

Indirect Speech
We may report what he said without quoting his exact words. This
method is called Indirect Speech or Reported Speech.
There are two speeches- Reporting Speech and Reported Speech
Example:
Direct:

Ali said,
(Reporting Speech)

I am very busy now.

(Reported Speech)

Indirect: Ali said that he was very busy then.

Change of Pronoun/possessive adjective in indirect speech
The first person pronoun and possessive adjectives I, my, me,
mine, We, our, us, ours of the reported speech change according to
the person of the subject of the reporting speech.
He said, I am selling my car.
He said that he was selling his car.

The second person pronoun /possessive adjectives, You, your, yours of reported speech change

according to the person of the object of reporting speech.

He said to me, You have eaten meal.
He told me that I had eaten meal.

The third person pronouns, he, she, it, they in the reported speech do not change.

He said to me, He is working in a small factory.

He told me that he was working in a small factory.
When the reporting or principal verb is in the Past Tense, all the Present Tenses in the
Direct Speech are changed into Past Tense.

 Direct: He said, I have passed the examination.

Indirect: he said that he had passed the examination.
Direct : He said, I am unwell.
Indirect: He said that he was unwell.
The tenses will not change if the statement is still relevant or if it is a universal truth.
Direct: The teacher said, The earth goes round the sun.
Indirect: The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
If the reporting verb is in present tense, the tenses of the Reported Speech do not change.
Direct: He says, I have passed the examination.
Indirect: he says that he has passed the examination.
Change of Tense
Direct
Present Indefinite
Do
Present Continuous
Is/are/am
Present Perfect
Has/have
Present Perfect Continuous
Has been/have been
Past Indefinite
Went
Past Perfect

Indirect
Past Indefinite
Did
Past Continuous
was/were
Past Perfect
had
Past Perfect Continuous
had been
Past Perfect
had gone
Past Perfect

Had

had

Can

could

May

might

Shall

should

Will

would

Change of Time and Place Adverbs

Now

Then

It

That

Today

That day

Here

There

This

That

This week

That week

These

Those

Thus

So

Tomorrow

The following day

the next day
the day after

Next week

The following week

the next week
the week after

Yesterday

The previous day

the day before

The day before

yesterday

Two days before

Last week

The previous week

the week before

Ago

Before

2 weeks ago

2 weeks previously
2 weeks before

Tonight

That night

Today

That day

Last Saturday

The previous Saturday

the Saturday before

Next Saturday

The following Saturday

the next Saturday
the Saturday after
that Saturday
The following day

The next day

1. How the questions used in the Direct Speech are changed into Indirect Speech?
Use asked instead of said\said to. Change the interrogative form of sentence into positive form. Do
not use That.

 Direct: He said to me, What are you doing?

Indirect: He asked me what I was doing.
Direct: A stranger asked me, Where do you live?
Indirect: A stranger enquired where I lived.
2. Use asked instead of said\said to. Insert if or whether. Change the interrogative form of
sentence into positive form.
Direct: He said, Will you listen to such a man?
Indirect: He asked them whether they would listen to such a man.
Direct: His angry mother jeered, Do you suppose you know better than your father?
Indirect: His angry mother jeered and asked whether he supposed that he knew better than his
father.
3. How the Commands and the Requests in the Direct Speeches are changed into indirect
Speeches?
Command
Use ordered/told/forbade instead of said/said to. Add objective pronouns like me, us him, her, them
etc. Then use To and first form of verb.
Direct: Raja said to John, Go away.
Indirect: Raja ordered John to go away.
Direct: He said to his peon, Get out.
Indirect: He ordered his servant to get out.
Please
Use request instead of said\said to. Add objective pronoun like me, us, hem, her etc. Then use To and
first form of verb.
Direct: He said to Mary, Please wait here till I return.
Indirect: he requested Mary to wait there till he returned.
4. How the Exclamation and the Wishes in the Direct Speeches are changed into Indirect
Speeches?
Use exclaimed with joy/sorrow/wonder instead of said\said to. Use That.
Direct: He said, Alas! I failed in the exams.
Indirect: he exclaimed with sorrow that he had failed in the exams.
Direct: He said, Hurrah! We have won the match.
Indirect: He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
5. If the sentence of a reported speech begins with Let, the verb said of the reporting

speech is changed into suggested. Use That and add Should after pronoun.
Direct: He said, Lets go for a walk.
Indirect: He suggested that we should go for a walk.
Or
Indirect: He suggested going for a walk.
6. Conditional Sentences
Conditional sentence of Type I change its tense when the reporting verb in past tense. But conditional
sentences of Type II & III do not change.
Type I:
Direct: He said, if I work hard I will succeed in the exams.
Indirect: He said that if he worked hard he would succeed in the exams.
Type II:
Direct: He said, If I went to Lahore I would bring toys.
Indirect: He said that if he went to Lahore he would bring toys.
Type III:
Direct: He said, If I had been a doctor I would have helped the poor people.
Indirect: He said that if he had been a doctor he would have helped the poor people.
7. Optative Sentence
These sentences usually begin with May in the reported speech. To change into indirect speech, use
prayed instead of said\said to. Add That and convert may into might. Prayed for me, prayed to God.
Direct: He said, May God bless you.
Indirect: He prayed that God might bless me.
8. Farewells Greetings
While converting greetings and farewells into indirect speech, we use such verbs greet, welcome, say
(goodbye), bid (farewell) etc.
Direct: She said to me, Good Morning.
Indirect: She greeted me.

SOLVED DIRECT AND

INDIRECT
Adnan Hamdani 9:19 PM Solved Direct and Indirect No comments

English (Precis & Composition) 2002

1. "Hurrah''! Said the captain of the team, "We won the match".
2. "Please Sir, take pity on a poor beggar woman'', the wretched old woman
asked for alms
3. They say. "Is this the right time to arrive9 Aren't you forgetting something"?
4. He often says, "I am always willing to help the needy, if I am assured they arc
really in
need''.
5. The master said, "How long will you take in warming my food"
6 The boy said. "Alas' I could not pass my examination"
7. "Come hare quickly and work out this problem on the blackboard" said the
teacher.
8. "What a lovely evening!" Said Irum.
9. "What is the name of this beautiful building?" asked the visitor.
10. He said "Sit down over here and don't move until I allow you

Answers

1. The captain of the team exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
2. The wretched old woman begged respectfully to take pity on her.
3. They ask me if that is the right time to arrive. If I am not forgetting something.

4. He often says that he is always willing to help the needy, if he is assured they
are really
in need.
5: The mother inquired me how long would I take in warming her food.
6. The boy exclaimed with sorrow that he could not pass his examination.
7. The teacher ordered to go there-quickly and work out that problem on
the blackboard.
8. Irum exclaimed that it was a very lovely evening.
9 The visitor asked, what was the name of that beautiful building.
10 He ordered to sit down over there and not to move until he allows you.

English (Precis & Composition) 2003

(1) "This is your house, isn't it?" asked Jemmie.

(2) "Where do you want to be dropped?" said the taxi driver.
(3) "Call The first witness," said the judge.
(4) "Don't blame him for the accident," the boy's mother said.
(5) He said, "I banged on Cliffs door but he did not answer".
(6) "Where is the boat? Hurry up we are being chased", she cried.
(7) "I have lost my way. Can you direct me to the Post Office please?" said the
old lady.

(8) He said to me, "what a pity you missed such an important meeting.
(9) "How wonderful! Why didn't you suggest this plan earlier".
(10) He said, "Let's wait till the road gets cleared".

Answers

(1) Jemmie asked if it was my house.

(2) The taxi driver inquired where he wanted to be dropped.
(3) The judge ordered to call the first witness.
(4) The boy's mother said not to blame him for the accident.
(5) He said that he had banged on Cliffs door but he had not answered.
(6) She exclaimed with fear where the boat was. She further advised us to hurry
up, they
were being chased.
(7) The old lady requested that she had lost her way. She further asked, if they
could direct
her to the post office.
(8) He said to me that it was a pity I missed such an important meeting.
(9) He said to me that it was a pity; I missed such a important meeting.
(10) He proposed that we should wait till the road gets cleared.

English (Precis & Composition) 2005

1). Our sociology professor said , I expect you to be in class every day.
Unexcused absences may
affect your grades.
2). My father often told me, every obstacle is a steppingstone to success. You
should view problems
in your life as opportunities to prove yourself.
3). When tom asked Jack why he couldnt go to the game, Jack said he didnt
have enough money for
a ticket.
4). When I asked the ticked seller if the concert was going to be rescheduled, she
told me that she
didnt know and said that she just worked there.
5). Ali said, I must go to Lahore next week to visit my ailing mother.
6). The policeman told the pedestrian, you mustnt cross the road against the
red light
7). Ahmed asked if what I said was really true.
8). Sarah wanted to know where they would be tomorrow around three Oclock

Answers

1. Our Sociology professor said that he expected us to be in class everyday

because unexcused
absences might affect our grades.
2. My father often advised me that every obstacle is a stepping stone to success
and that I should
view problems in my life as opportunities to prove myself.
3. Tom said to Jack, "Why he cannot go to the game?"Jack said, "I do not have
enough money for a
ticket."
4. I said to the ticket-seller, "Is the concert going to be rescheduled." She said to
me, "I don't know.."
"I just worked here."
5. Ali said that he must go to Lahore following week to visit his ailing mother.
6. The policeman forbade the pedestrian to not cross the road against the red
light.
7. Ahmed said, "Ahmed asked what he said was really true."
8. Sarah said, "Where they will be tomorrow around 3 O'clock.

English (Precis & Composition) 2006

(1) He said, Let it rain ever so hard I shall go out.

(2) The mother said to the young girl, Do you know where salim is?
(3) The officer said, Hand it all! Can you not do it more neatly.
(4) Invoking our help with a loud voice she asked us whether we would come to
her aid.
(5) He exclaimed with an oath that no one could have expected such a turn of
events.
(6) The teacher said to his students, Why did you come so late?
(7) They applauded him saying that he had done well.
(8) You say, said the judge, the bag you lost contained one hundred and ten
pounds?

Answers

(1) He suggested that he should go out in hard rain.

(2) The mother asked the young girl if she knew where Salim was?
(3) The officer ordered him to hang that all and asked. him if he could not do that
more neatly.
(4) She said to us with a loud voice. "Please, will you come to aid me?"
(5) He said, "By God! No one can have accepted such a turn of events!"

(6)The teacher asked his students why did they come so late.
(7) They said, "Bravo! You have done well."
(8) The judge inquired by him that the bag he lost contained one hundred and ten
pounds.

English (Precise & Composition) 2007

1) This world, he declared is full of sorrow. Would that I were dead!

2) He said to me, come early; we shall be waiting for you.
3) How delighted I am, said he, to meet my friends here by my own fireside!
4) The man said that he was quite sure he should succeed.
5) John exclaimed with a sigh that he was ruined.
6) The constable enquired of the man where he was going
7) The boy said that he would walk.
8) What losses, cried he, have I suffered? What anguish have I endured!

Answers

(2) He requested to me to come early, they would be waiting for him.

(4) The man said, "I am quite sure I should succeed".

(5) John said with a sigh, "Ah! I am ruined''.
(6) The constable asked the man. "Where is he going?"
(7) The body said. I will walk

English (Precis & Composition) 2008

(1) He said to his friend, Let me go home now

(2) I will say Mother, I will always obey you
(3) Splendid: said father as he read my report,
(4) He said, Good morning, can you help me
(5) She said Brother, why do you tease me
(6) The King said to the Queen, If I die, take care of my people
(7) By God, he said I do not know his name
(8) You exclaimed with sorrow that you lost your pen.

Answers

(1) He said to his friend, "Let me go home now"

(2) I will say "Mother, I will always obey you"

(3) "Splendid": said father as he read my report,
(4) He said, "Good morning, can you help me"
(5) She said "Brother, why do you tease me"
(6) The King said to the Queen, "If I die, take care of my people"
(7) "By God", he said" I do not know his name"
(8) You exclaimed with sorrow that you lost your pen.

English (Precis & Composition) 2009

(1) He said to him, why do you waste your time?

(2) He ordered his servant not to stand there doing nothing.
(3) He exclaimed with joy that he had won the match.
(4) The traveler said, What a dark night?
(5) He said, Let it rain even so hard, I will start today.
(6) My mother said, May you live happily and prosper in your life.
(7) He said, How foolish have I been?

Answers

(1) He asked him why he has wasted his time.

(2) He said to his servant, Do stand here doing nothing
(3) He said, Hurrah! I have won the match
(4) The traveler exclaimed with wonder that it was a dark night.
(5) He exclaimed that however hard it might rain, he would start that day.
(6) My Mother prayed that I might live happily and prosper in my life.
(7) He exclaimed with sorrow that he had been foolish.

English (Precis & Composition) 2010

(1) On Monday he said, "My son is coming today."

(2) They wanted to know where he was going the following week.
(3) He said, "Did she go yesterday?"
(4) 'By God', he said, "I do not know her nickname."
(5) He says that we are to meet him at the station.
(6) He said, "I don't know the way. ask the old man sitting on the gate."
(7) My father prayed that i would recover from my illness
(8) He said, "How will you manage it?"

Answers

(1) On Monday he said that his son was coming that day.
(2) They said where is he going the following week?
(3) He said if she went previous day.
(4) He swore that I did not know her nickname.
(5) He says, We are to meet him at station
(6) He said that I did not know the way and further suggested to ask the old man
sitting on the gate.
(7) My father said, may you recover from illness.

(8) He enquired how I would manage that.

English Reported Speech: Direct and Indirect

English Reported Speech: Direct And Indirect
At time we put the statement of a speaker without any changes. This is called Direct
Speech. But, at times we put the statement of a speaker with some changes. This is
called Indirect Speech. In Direct Speech we keep the statement within inverted (), but
inverted commas are not used in Indirect Speech.
Example:

Direct:

Nagina said, I will read the book.

Indirect:

Nagina said that she would read the book.

Notice the change in language and structure of the sentence in Indirect Speech. Now, the question
arises-how these changes are made. There are certain rules for making these changes. For your
conveniences, I will divide these rules into General and Special rules.
But before understanding these rules, you need to know certain terms related to Direct and
Indirect speech.
Reporting Verbs And Verb Of The Reported Speech
You have noticed above that there is a sentence outside the inverted commas. The verb of that
sentenced is called reported speech and the verb of that sentence is called verb of thereported speech.
Example:
Seema said to me, I will help you.
(Reporting Verbs)

(Reporting Speech)

Kinds Of Sentences
There are five kinds of sentences: (I) Assertive, (II) Imperative, (III) Interrogative, (IV) Operative
and (V) Exclamatory.
You need to keep at the back of your mind these kinds of sentences, because you have to change
the sentence, which is within inverted commas, from direct to indirect according to rules. I will discuss it
later on.

GENERAL RULES:
Divide these rules into three categories:
1.

Change of personal pronoun.

2.

Change of tense.

3.

Miscellaneous changes.

Change of Personal Pronoun

Change of Personal Pronoun in Different Cases:

Person Nominate case

Possessive case

Singular

Plural

Singular

Plural Singular

First

We

Me

Us

Second

Thou*

You**

Thee*

You** They*
thine*

Third

He/she
/it

They

Him/her/ Them
it

*
**

Objective case

My,
mine

Plural
Our/
ours
your**

His/her/ Their/
its
theirs

These terms are now seldom used.

These terms are used while speaking to one person or more than one person.
Persons (first/second/third) of pronoun in the inverted commas are changed according to certain
rules while changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech.
You remember the word SON.
Subject

Object

No Change

First Person
Rule 1.

Second Person Third Person

First person (I, my, me, we, our, us) used in the reported speech should be changed according to
the subject of the reporting verb. Example:
1.

Direct: Seema says,I will read the book.

Indirect:

Explanation:

first person (I) of the reported speech is changed according to the subject (Seema) of the reporting verb.

2.

Seema says that she will read the book.

Subject is in the third person, singular number and nominative case, hence she.

Direct: You say, I am in the right.

Indirect:

You say that you are in the right.

Rule 2.

Second person (you, your, etc.) used in the reported speech should be changed according to the
object of the reporting verb. Example:
1.

Direct: Nazia told me, you should read your book.

Indirect:

Explanation:

Nazia told me that I should read my book.

Second person (you, your) used in the reported speech is changed according to the object (me) of the
reporting verb.

Me is in objective case.

You is in nominate case.

Nominative case of me is I, hence I.

Your is in possessive case. Possessive case of me is my, hence my.

Direct:

Swapna says to Seema, you have done your duty.

Indirect:

Swapna tells Seema that she has done her duty.

Rule 3:

Explanation:

Explanation:

Third person used in the reported speech is not changed at all. Example:
1.

Direct: Alia says, he will read his book.

Indirect:

Alia says that he will read book.

3rd person (he, she) is not changed. Hence you find that they have been not changed while changing
Direct Speech into Indirect Speech.
2.

Direct: Fatima says, she does not like old films.

Indirect:

3.

Fatima says that she does not like old films.

Direct: Ashraf says. They have cheated us.

Indirect:

Ashraf says that they have cheated them.

CHANGE OF TENSE
It is very important to know how to change the tense of the reported speech. Let us know the
rules.

Rule 1.

If the reporting verb is in preset or future tense, you need not change tense of the verb of
the reported speech. Example:
1.

Direct: Swaira says, she reads a book.

Indirect:

Swaira says that she reads a book.

as reporting verb (says) is in the present tense, tense of the reported speech has not been changed.
2.

Direct: Swaira has said. She read a book.

3.

Explanation:

Indirect:

Swaira has said that she read a book.

Direct:

Swaira will say, she wrote the book.

Indirect:

Swaira will say that she wrote the book.

reporting verb (will) is in future tense, hence tense of the reported speech has not been changed.

Rule 2.
If the reporting verb is in past tense and the verb of the reported speech is present or future tense,
verb of the present or future tense in the reported speech is changed into corresponding past tense.

1.

Present Indefinite (go)-Past Indefinite (went).

2.

Present Imperfect (is, am, are)-Past Imperfect (was, were).

3.

Present Perfect (has, have)- Past Perfect Continues (had been).

4.

Present Perfect continues (has/have been)- Past Perfect Continues (had been).

5.

Can, will, may- could would should might.

Example:
1.

Direct: Arshid said. I will play.

Indirect:

Explanation:
2.

Arshad said that he would play.

reporting verb (said) is in past tense, hence will in the reported speechhas been changed into would.
Direct: Arshad said, I am playing.
Indirect:

Arshad said that he was playing.

Direct: Arshad said, I have played.

Indirect:
3.

Arshad said that he had played.

Direct: Arshad, I may play.

Indirect:

4.

Arshad said that he might play.

Direct: Arshid said,I may play.

Indirect:

Arshid said that he might play.

Rule 3:
This rule is the most important one and students generally commit mistakes due to not
understanding this rule clearly. Let me try to make it simple to help you in making your conception clear.
If both reporting verb and reported speech are in Past Tense, change should be made as follows:
1.

If the reporting verb is in past tense and reported speech is in past indefinite, it (reposted speech) should
be changed into past perfect. Example:

2.

Direct:

Naveed said, I committed a mistake.

Indirect:

Naveed said that he had committed a mistake.

If the reporting verb is in past tense and reported speech is not past imperfect, it should be changed into
past perfect continuous. Example:
Direct:

Indirect:

Naveed said, I was committing a mistake.

Naveed said that he had been committing a mistake.

3.

If the reporting verb is in past tense and reported speech is in past perfect or past perfect continuous, no
change is to be made in the tense of the reported speech. Examples:
Direct:

Naveed said, I had committed a mistake.

Indirect:

Naveed that he had committed a mistake.

Exception:

1. If a universal truth or habitual fact or a proverb is stated in the reported speech, it (reported speech)
shall not be changed even if the reporting verb is in past tense. Example:

Direct:

An old man said, the earth revolves round the sun. (Universal truth)

Indirect:

An old man said that the earth revolves round the sun.

Direct:

(b) Direct:

Rahim said to me, I write with my left hand.

(Habitual fact)

Indirect:

Rahim told me that he writes his left hand.

Father said, A bad carpented quarrels with his tools. (Proverb)

Indirect:
(d) Direct:

Father said that the sun rises in the east.

The teacher said, The sun rises in the east.
(Universal truth)

Indirect:
(e) Direct:

The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.

Father said, Truth triumphs at the end.
(Proverb)

Indirect:
3.

Father said that truth triumphs at the end.

If to (infinitive), would, could, should, must, might, ought to are used in the reported speech,

they are not changed. Example:

Direct:

He said, Students must obey their teachers.

Indirect:

He said that students must obey their teachers.

MISCELLANEOUS CHNAGES
This

That

These

Those

Thus
Come

= So
= Go

Now

Then

Yesterday = Previous day

Here

There

Tomorrow = Next day

Today

That day

Tonight

That night

This week

That week

Next week = Following week

Last week = Previous week

SPECIAL RULES
Now, I will discuss special rules. Different rules are applicable for different sentences for changing
them from direct to indirect speech. I will take up each sentence one by one.
ASSERTIVE SENTENCE
1.

If there is an object after reporting verb, change say to int tell, says to into tell, said to into

told. If there is no object after the reporting verb, do not change the verb.
Remember to is not used after tell(s) or told.
2.

Remove comma and inverted commas, and use that in place of the opening quote.

3.

If object of the reporting verb is found in reported speech instead of reporting verb itself, make it

object of the reporting verb. Example:

Direct:

Rahim said, Father, I am pleased with you.

Indirect:

Rahim told father that he was pleased with him.

4.

Change pronouns and tense of the verb of reported speech according to the rules discussed

previously.

Solved examples:
1.

Direct:

Rahim said, I hae done my work.

Indirect:

Rahim said that he had done his work.

Direct:

Rahim said to me, I cannot help you in your work.

Indirect:

Rahim told me that he could not help me in my work.

3.

Direct: The thief said, I am innocent.

Indirect:

Direct:

The thief said that he was innocent.

Rahim said to me, I shall help you in your work.

ndirect:

Rahim told me that he would help me in my work.

5.

Direct: My father said, I am going to Lahore.

Indirect:

6.

My father said that he was going to Lahore.

Direct: My father says, I will go to Lahore.

Indirect:

My father says that he will go to Lahore.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
1.

Change the reporting verb say(s) to or said to into asks or asked.

2.

If the reported speech begins with helping verb (is, am, are, was, were, do, does, did, has, have, had, will,
would, can, could, shall, should, may, might, must), remove the inverted commas and use if or whether
to join the reporting verb and reported speech.

3.

If the reported speech begins with w-family words, i.e. who, whose, whom, when, where, which, what,
why, how, remove the inverted commas but do not use the conjunction if or whether.

4.

Helping verb should be put after the subject of the reported speech.

5.

Remove the question mark and put full stop in its place.
Solved examples:
1. Direct:

Mohsin said to Rahim, Will you help me?

Indirect:

Direct:

Rahim said to Faraz, Who teaches you English?

Indirect:
3. Direct:

Rahim asked Faraz who taught him English?

Saira said to Alia, Is coffee ready for me?

Indirect:

Direct:

Indirect:

Mohsin asked Rahim if he would help him.

Saira asked Alia if coffee was ready for her.

Rahim said to Abdul, Have you finished your work?

Indirect:

Rahim asked Abdul if he had finished his work.

IMPERATIVE SENTENCE
1.

Change reporting verb into order, advise, request, warn, forbid, prohibit according to the meaning of the
reported speech.

2.

Remove the inverted commas and use to to join the reporting verb and reported speech.

3.

In case of negative imperative replace do with not to and said to with forbade, leaving not.
Solved examples:
1. Direct:
Indirect:
2. Direct:
Indirect:
3. Direct:

Faiza said to Farzana, Do not speak a lie.

Faiza advised Farzana not to speak a lie.
Father said o me, Do not go to the cinema.
Father forbade me to go to the cinema.
Rani said to her friend, Lat me go home early.

Rani requested her friend to let her go home early.

4. Direct:
Indirect:
Or

The teacher told us, Dont cry.

The teacher forbade us to cry.

The teacher ordered us not to cry.

OPTATIVE SENTENCE:

1.

Change the reporting verb into curse/bless/pray/wish according of the reported speech.

2.

In the reported speech, keep the subjects before its verb.

3.

Sign of exclamation should be changed into full stop.

Solved examples
1. Direct:

The beggar said to me, May you live long!.

Indirect:

The beggar prayed that I might live long.

2. Direct: He told me, May you die!

Indirect:

He cursed that I might die.

EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE:

1. Reporting verb should be changed in the following manner:

Said

= exclaimed with sorrow (Ah! Alas)

= exclaimed with Joy (Aha! Ha! Hurrah!)
= exclaimed with surprise (Oh! What! How!)

(Pooh!)

5.

exclaimed with regret (Sorry)

=

exclaimed with contempt

applauded (Bravo!)

3.

Inverted commas should be replaced by that.

4.

Sign of exclamation should be changed into full stop.

What and How used in the reported speech should be replaced with very or great.

Solved examples:
1. Direct:

Javaid said , what a fine place it is!

ndirect:

Javaid exclaimed with joy that it was a fine place.

Direct:

Shabbir said, Hurrah! We have won the match.

ndirect:

Shabbir exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.

ndirect:

3. Direct:

Asif said, Alas! We have lost the match.

Asif exclaimed with sorrow that they had lost the match.