1.

John Tyler joined the Whig party because he

a) Thought that it was the easiest way to become president
b) Could not stomach the dictatorial tactics of Andrew Jackson
c) Was forced to resign from the Senate
d) Believed in its pro-bank position
e) Believed it better represented Virginia's interests
2. The Whigs placed John Tyler on the 1840 ticket as vice president to
a) Have him instead of President William Henry Harrison actually run the executive branch
b) Win northern votes
c) Attract the vote of the states' rightists
d) Reward him for his strong support of the Whig party platform
e) Respond to the Democrats' expansionist appeal
3. After President Tyler's veto of a bill to establish a new Bank of the United States,
a) He was expelled from the Whig party
b) All but one member of his cabinet resigned
c) An attempt was made in the House of Representatives to impeach him
d) Tyler also vetoed a Whig-sponsored high-tariff bill
e) All of the above
4. The only member of President Tyler's Whig cabinet who did not resign in protest over his policies was
a) Henry Clay
b) Zachary Taylor
c) Robert Walker
d) Daniel Webster
e) Millard Fillmore
5. During an 1837 Canadian insurrection against Britain,
a) The U.S. stayed neutral in word and action
b) The U.S. imprisoned several American violators of neutrality
c) America was invaded by the British
d) Canada warned the U.S. to stay out of the conflict
e) The U.S. government plotted to annex Canada
6. As a result of the Panic of 1837,
a) The U.S. established restrictions on foreign loans
b) Britain lent money to America, its close ally
c) Anti-British passions cooled in America
d) the Democrats led America into war for more territory
e) several states defaulted on their debts to Britain
7. The British-American dispute over the border of Maine was solved
a) by war
b) by a compromise that gave each side some territory
c) when America was given all of the territory in question
d) by the Caroline incident
e) by admitting Maine into the Union and New Brunswick into Canada
8. The Aroostook War was the result of
a) a short-lived insurrection in British Canada
b) the Caroline incident c) the offer of asylum to the crew of the Creole

d) a dispute over the northern boundary of Maine

e) a fishing dispute between Britain and the U.S.
9. Arrange the following in chronological order: (A) annexation of Texas, (B) Webster-Ashburton Treaty, (C)
settlement of the Oregon boundary, (D) Aroostook War
a) A, B, D, C
b) B, D, C, A
c) D, B, A, C
d) C, A, B, D
e) A, D, C, B
10. Some people in Britain hoped for a British alliance with Texas because
a) the alliance would help to support the Monroe Doctrine
b) this area would provide an excellent base from which to attack the U.S.
c) Mexican efforts to attack the U.S. would be stopped
d) Texas could become a location for the settlement of undesirable British emigrants
e) the alliance would give abolitionists the opportunity to free slaves in Texas
11. One argument against annexing Texas to the U.S. was that the annexation
a) could involve the country in a series of ruinous wars in America and Europe
b) might give more power to the supporters of slavery
c) was not supported by the people of Texas
d) offered little of value to America
e) would lead to tensions and possible war with Mexico
12. Texas was annexed to the U.S. as a result of
a) Senate approval of the Treaty of Annexation
b) President Tyler's desire to help his troubled administration
c) a presidential order by Andrew Jackson
d) the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
e) a compromise to admit free-state Iowa at the same time
13. Arrange in chronological order the U.S.' acquisition of (A) Oregon, (B) Texas, (C) California
a) A, B, C
b) C, B, A
c) B, A, C
d) B, C, A
e) A, C, B
14. The primary group that was instrumental in strengthening and saving American claims to Oregon were
a) the Lewis and Clark expedition
b) the Hudson's Bay Company
c) American missionaries to the Indians
d) U.S. naval forces in Puget Sound
e) Mormon Settlers from Utah
15. Most Americans who migrated to the Oregon Country were attracted by the
a) rich soil of the Willamette River Valley
b) Expectation of fighting British troops
c) Potential profits in the fur trade
d) Discovery of gold and silver in the Cascade Mountains
e) Hope of finding a better trade route to East Asia

16. The nomination of James K. Polk as the Democrats' 1844 presidential candidate was secured by
a) Expansionists
b) Anti-Texas southerners
c) Henry Clay
d) Eastern business interests
e) Proslavery forces
17. The area in dispute between the U.S. and Great Britain in 1845 lay between
a) the forty-second parallel and the Columbia River
b) the Cascade Mountains, the Columbia River, and Puget Sound
c) the 36 degree 30 minute line and the Columbia River
d) the 49th parallel and the 54 degree 40 minute line
e) the Columbia River, the 49th parallel, and the Pacific Ocean
18. In the 1840s, the view that God had ordained the growth of an American nation stretching across North
America was called
a) Continentalism
b) Isolationism
c) Anglophobia
d) Divine Mandate
e) Manifest Destiny
19. In the presidential election of 1844, the Whig candidate, Henry Clay,
a) Opposed the annexation of Texas
b) Called for immediate annexation of Texas
c) Favored postponing the annexation of Texas
d) Ignored the issue of the annexation of Texas
e) Favored dividing Texas into several states
20. The election of 1844 was notable because
a) The campaign raised not real issues
b) A genuine mandate emerged
c) It was fought over numerous issues
d) Polk won the electoral vote but lost the popular vote
e) It brought the slavery issue into politics
21. The group most supportive of gaining control of all the Oregon Country was the
a) Southern Democrats
b) Whigs
c) Northern Democrats
d) Californians
e) Protestant missionaries
23. One reason that the British government decided to compromise on the Oregon Country border was a) the
support of the Hudson's Bay Company
b) The fear of war with the United States
c) John Tyler's election to the presidency
d) America's acceptance of 54 degrees 40 minutes
e) Their better ability to defend British Columbia
24. In his quest for California, President Polk
a) Advocated war with Mexico from the beginning
b) argued strongly for annexation, because Americans were the most numerous people in the area

c) Was motivated by his knowledge of gold deposits there

d) Sought British help to persuade Mexico to sell the area to the U.S.
e) First advocated buying the area from Mexico
26. In 1846 the U.S. went to war with Mexico for all of the following reasons except
a) the ideology of Manifest Destiny
b) the deaths of American soldiers at the hands of Mexicans
c) the desire to gain payment for damage claims against the Mexican government
d) the impulse to satisfy those asking for "spot" resolutions
e) Polk's desire to acquire California
27. President Polk's claim that "American blood [had been shed] on the American soil" referred to news of an
armed clash between Mexican and American troops near
a) San Francisco
b) the Nueces River
c) Santa Fe
d) the Rio Grande
e) San Antonio
28. During the Mexican War, the Polk administration was called upon several times to respond to "spot"
resolutions indicating where American blood had been shed to provoke the war. The resolutions were
frequently introduced by
a) Abraham Lincoln
b) Henry Clay
c) Robert Walker
d) David Wilmot
e) Lewis Cass
29. One goal of Mexico in its 1846-1848 war with the U.S. was to
a) demonstrate the strength of Latino culture
b) regain control of Texas c) capture slaves and take them back to Mexico
d) force America to make good on unpaid claims of damages to Mexican citizens
e) free black slaves
30. When the war with Mexico began, President Polk
a) advocated taking all of Mexico
b) found that he could trust dethroned Mexican dictator Santa Anna
c) hoped to fight a limited war, ending with the conquest of California
d) supported a large-scale conflict
e) denied any intention of expanding slavery
32. The terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ending the Mexican War included
a) a guarantee of the rights of Mexicans living in New Mexico
b) U.S. annexation of Texas
c) the banning of slavery from all territory ceded to the U.S.
d) a requirement that Mexico pay $3.25 million in damages to the U.S.
e) U.S. payment of $15 million for cession of northern Mexico
33. Those people most opposed to President Polk's expansionist program were the
a) western Democrats
b) antislavery forces
c) senate Democrats
d) supporters of Nicholas P. Trist
e) proslavery Whigs
34. The Wilmot Proviso

a) symbolized the burning issue of slavery in the territories

b) gained House and Senate approval in 1846
c) settled once and for all the issue of slavery in California
d) allowed slavery in the territory take from Mexico in 1848
e) left open the issue of slavery in New Mexico and Utah
35. The Wilmot Proviso, introduced into Congress during the Mexican War, declared that
a) Mexican territory would not be annexed to the U.S.
b) Slavery would be banned from all territories that Mexico ceded to the U.S.
c) The U.S. should annex all of Mexico
d) The U.S. should have to pay Mexico a financial indemnity for having provoked a war
e) Slavery in the territories would be determined by democratic vote
36. The largest single addition to American territory was
a) the Louisiana Purchase
b) the Mexican Cession
c) the Oregon Country
d) the Old Northwest
e) Alaska
37. The first Old World Europeans to come to California were
a) Russians
b) French
c) Dutch
d) English
e) Spanish
38. The Spanish Franciscan missionaries treated the native inhabitants of California
a) according to the principles of their founder, St. Francis
b) well but refused to convert them to Christianity
c) very harshly
d) better than they treated their African slaves
e) as capable of civilization if educated
39. When the Mexican government secularized authority in California,
a) missionaries gained power
b) slavery became an accepted practice
c) convicts brought in by Spain were expelled
d) California's Indians received better treatment
e) Californios eventually gained control of the land
40. The Californio's political ascendancy in California ended
a) with the arrival of Franciscan friars
b) as a result of the influx of Anglo gold-diggers
c) when Mexico gained control of the area in 1826
d) when agriculture became more profitable than mining
e) when the U.S.government made English mandatory
1. In order to maintain the two great political parties as vital bonds of national unity, early 19th century
politicians
a) decided to ban slavery from all United States territories
b) decided to allow slavery into all U.S. territories
c) avoided public discussion of slavery
d) banished abolitionists from membership in either national party

e) worked to make third parties almost impossible

2. The U.S.' victory in the Mexican American War resulted in
a) renewed controversy over the issue of extending slavery into the territories
b) a possible split in the Whig and Democrat parties over slavery
c) the cession by Mexico of an enormous amount of land to the U.S.
d) a rush of settlers to new American territory in California
e) all of the above
3. The Wilmot Proviso, if adopted, would have
a) prevented the taking of any territory from Mexico
b) required California to enter the Union as a slave state
c) overturned the Fugitive Slave Law
d) prohibited slavery in any territory acquired in the Mexican War
e) all of the above
4. The debate over slavery in the Mexican Cession
a) threatened to split national politics along North-South lines
b) nearly resulted in the return of the territory to Mexico
c) resulted in the formation of the Republican party
d) resulted in strong hostility to further expansion
e) all of the above
5. In 1848, the Free Soil party platform advocated all of the following except
a) support of the Wilmot Proviso
b) internal improvements
c) free government homesteads for settlers
d) opposition to slavery in the territories
e) an end to slavery in the District of Columbia
6. According to the principle of 'popular sovereignty.The question of slavery in the territories would be
determined by
a) the most popular national leaders
b) a national referendum
c) congressional legislation
d) a Supreme Court decision
e) the vote of the people in any given territory
7. The public liked popular sovereignty because it
a) stopped the spread of slavery
b) fit in with the democratic tradition of self-determination
c) provided a national solution to the problem of slavery
d) supported the Wilmot Proviso
e) upheld the principles of white supremacy
8. In the 1848 presidential election, the Democratic and Whig parties
a) lost to the Free Soil party
b) addressed the issue of slavery
c) remained silent on the issue of slavery
d) abandoned the tactic of nominating military leaders
e) were divided on the issue of admitting California
9. The key issue for the major parties in the 1848 presidential election was

a) personalities
b) slavery
c) expansion
d) Indian removal
e) The economy
10. The event that brought turmoil to the administration of Zachary Taylor was the
a) passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
b) influx of immigrants to the west coast
c) attempt to acquire Cuba
d) growth of lawlessness in California
e) discovery of gold in California
11. The Free Soilers argued that slavery
a) was unsuited to the West
b) would cause more costly wage labor to wither away
c) would, through its profits, enable small farmers to buy more land
d) should be gradually abolished
e) all of the above
12. Of those people going to California during the gold rush,
a) the majority had come from foreign nations
b) slaves constituted a sizable minority
c) the majority gained considerable financial rewards
d) most were interested in free-soil farming
e) a distressingly high proportion were lawless men
13. The Free Soliers condemned slavery because
a) of the harm it did to blacks
b) of moral principles
c) it destroyed the chances of free white workers to rise to self-employment
d) it was the only way they had of combating the appeal of the Democratic party
e) it damaged the national economy
14. By 1850, the South
a) was experiencing economic difficulties
b) feared that slavery might be abolished in states where it already existed
c) remained concerned about its weak voice in national government
d) was relatively well off, politically and economically
e) recognized that slavery expansion was over
15. Harriet Tubman gained fame
a) by helping slaves escape to Canada
b) in the gold fields of California
c) as an African-American antislavery novelist
d) as an advocate of the Fugitive Slave Law
e) by urging white women to oppose slavery
16. During the 1850s, slaves gained their freedom most frequently by
a) running away
b) persuading masters to free them
c) rebellion
d) use of federal laws

e) self-purchase
17. John C. Calhoun's plan to protect the South and slavery involved
a) a constitutional amendment permanently guaranteeing equal numbers of slave and free states
b) southern secession from the Union
c) support of Henry Clay's proposed concessions by both the North and the South
d) repealing the president's veto power
e) the election of two presidents, one from the North and one from the South
18. Daniel Webster's famed Seventh of March speech in 1850 resulted in
a) Senate rejection of a fugitive-slave law
b) A shift toward compromise in the North
c) Condemnation by northern commercial interests
d) Charges of accepting bribes
e) A movement to draft him for the presidency
19. In his Seventh of March speech, Daniel Webster
a) attacked Henry Clay's compromise proposals
b) called for a new, more stringent fugitive-slave law
c) advocated a congressional ban on slavery in the territories
d) proposed a scheme for electing two presidents, one from the North and one from the South, each having veto
power
e) became a hated figure in the South
20. For his position in his Seventh of March speech, Daniel Webster was viciously condemned by
a) northern Unionists
b) northern banking and commercial interests
c) abolitionists
d) Henry Clay
e) John C. Calhoun
21. The Young Guard from the North
a) regarded preserving the Union as their top priority
b) agreed fully with the Old Guard on the issue of slavery
c) saw expansionism as a solution to the slavery question
d) gave support to John C. Calhoun's plan for rescuing the Union
e) were most interested in purging and purifying the Union
22. In the debates of 1850, Senator William H. Seward, as a representative of the northern Young Guard, argued
that
a) the Constitution must be obeyed
b) John C. Calhoun's compromise plan must be adopted to preserve the Union
c) Christian legislators must obey God's moral law
d) Compromise must be achieved to preserve the Union
e) African Americans should be granted their own territory
23. During the debate of 1850, ___________________ argued that there was a "higher law" than the Constitution
that compelled him to demand the exclusion of slavery form the territories.
a) William H. Seward
b) Henry Clay
c) Daniel Webster
d) Stephen A. Douglas
e) Zachary Taylor

24. President Zachary Taylor unknowingly helped the cause of compromise in 1850 when he
a) lead an invasion of Texas to halt its attempts to take part of New Mexico
b) supported fellow southerner John C. Calhoun's plan for union
c) died suddenly and Millard Fillmore became president
d) ushered in a second Era of Good Feelings
e) decided not to run for re-election
25. Southern delegates met at a convention in Nashville in the summer of 1850 to
a) plan southern secession
b) plan ways to acquire more slave territory
c) propose a series of constitutional amendments
d) denounce Daniel Webster as a traitor to the South
e) condemn the compromises being worked out in Congress
26. In the Compromise of 1850, Congress determined that slavery in the New Mexico and Utah territories was
a) to be banned
b) protected by federal law
c) to be decided by popular sovereignty
d) to be ignored until either territory applied for admission to statehood
e) to be decided by the Mormon Church
27. The most alarming aspect of the Compromise of 1850 to northerners was the decision concerning
a) slavery in the District of Columbia
b) slavery in the New Mexico and Utah territories
c) the new Fugitive Slave Law d) settlement of the Texas-New Mexico boundary dispute
e) continuation of the interstate slave trade
28. The Fugitive Slave Law included all of the flowing provisions except
a) the requirement that fugitive slaves be returned from Canada
b) denial of a jury trial to runaway slaves
c) denial of fleeing slaves' right to testify on their own behalf
d) the penalty of imprisonment for northerners who helped slaves to escape
e) a higher payment if officials determined blacks to be runaways
29. Many northern states passed 'personal liberty' laws in response to the Compromise of 1850's provision
regarding
a) slavery in the District of Columbia
b) slavery in the territories
c) restriction son free blacks
d) the interstate slave trade
e) runaway slaves
30. In light of future evidence, it seems apparent that in the Compromise of 1850 the South made a tactical
blunder by
a) allowing a ban on the slave trade in Washington, D.C.
b) demanding a strong fugitive-slave law
c) not insisting on federal protection of slavery in the territories
d) allowing the admission of California as a free state
e) allowing popular sovereignty in Nebraska territory
31. The fatal split in the Whig party in 1852 occurred over
a) the nomination of General Winfield Scott or Daniel Webster

b) slavery
c) the Gadsden Purchase
d) homestead laws
e) the transcontinental railroad route
32. The election of 1852 was significant because it
a) saw the victory of a pro-South northerner
b) marked the return of issues-oriented campaigning
c) saw the rise of purely national parties
d) marked the end of the Whig party
e) saw the emergence of an antislavery third party
33. For a short time in the 1850s, an American seized control of
a) Nicaragua
b) Cuba
c) Japan
d) El Salvador
e) Puerto Rico
34. The man who opened Japan to the U.S. was
a) William Walker
b) Franklin Pierce
c) Lafcadio Hearn
d) Clayton Bulwer
e) Matthew Parry
35. The prime objective of Manifest Destiny in the 1850s was
a) Panama
b) Nicaragua
c) Cuba
d) Hawaii
e) The Dominican Republic
36. The U.S.' scheme to gain control of Cuba was stopped when
a) Spain thereatened war
b) northern free-soilers fiercely protested the effort
c) U.S. leaders signed the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
d) Cuba refused to go along with the plan
e) U.S. adventurers bungled their invasion
37. The most brazen scheme for territorial expansion in the 1850s was expressed in the
a) Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
b) Wilmot Proviso
c) Kansas-Nebraska Act
d) Gadsden Purchase
e) Ostend Manifesto
38. Most American leaders believed that the only way to keep the new Pacific Coast territories from breaking away
form U.S. control was
a) to allow slavery in these areas
b) to build a canal across Central America
c) to grant the territories quick statehood
d) to construct a transcontinental railroad

e) to establish large naval bases in San Diego

39. A southern route for the transcontinental railroad seemed the best because
a) northern areas were organized territories
b) slave labor could be used to construct it
c) the railroad would be easier to build in this area
d) Mexican leader Santa Anna agreed to contribute money for the project
e) It would firmly tie southern California to the Union
40. Stephen A. Douglas proposed that the question of slavery in the Kansas-Nebraska Territory be decided by
a) popular sovereignty
b) making Kansas a free territory and Nebraska a slave territory
c) the Supreme Court
d) admitting California, Kansas, and Nebraska to the Union as free states
e) the winner of the next presidential election
41. Stephen A. Douglas's plans for deciding the slaveyr question in the Kansas-Nebraska scheme required repeal of
the
a) Compromise of 1850
b) Fugitive Slave Act
c) Wilmot Proviso
d) Northwest Ordinance
e) Missouri Compromise