COMMUNICATIONS 5

Directions: Write the letter corresponding to your answer. Provide solutions to

items with problem solving.
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Given a paraboloid reflector with a diameter D=6 feet and is operated at 1.5
GHz. What is the beamwidth between nulls of the reflector, ?
a.
8o
b.
8.2o
c.
7.7o
d.
7.0o
Point to point communication between A & B km (flat terrain). Point A is on
top a hill, 200 ft. above sea level, with a tower height of 23m. what is the
minimum height of the antenna at point B?
a.
65 ft.
b.
73 ft.
c.
75 ft.
d.
69 ft.
One of the following transmission impairments is not a problem with
microwave transmission. Which one?
a.
Multiple fading
b.
Ducted signals
c.
Rain attenuations
d.
All of the preceding
Which of the following is not a characteristic of satellite transmission
systems?
a.
Long signal delays from sender to receiver
b.
Affected by weather in the earths surface
c.
Vulnerable to the right galactic noise levels of space
d.
Require demand assignment schemes to achieve best use
Waveguide is:
a.
A device used to determine the wavelength of a signal
b.
A braided copper wire used for transmission of high frequencies
c.
A plastic tubular transmission line for high RF network
d.
A hollow metal tube used for transmission of high frequencies
For some applications, circular waveguides maybe preferred to rectangular
ones because of:
a.
Tower attenuation
b.
Rotation of polarization
c.
The smaller cross section needed at any frequency
d.
Freedom from the spurious modes
Indicate which of the following frequencies cannot be used for reliable
beyond-the-horizon terrestrial communications without repeaters:
a.
20 KHz
b.
15 MHz
c.
900 MHz
d.
12 GHz
A range of microwave frequencies more easily passed by the atmosphere
than are the others is called a
a.
Window
b.
Critical frequency
c.
Gyro frequency range
d.
Resonance in the atmosphere
_____ consists basically of a thin film strip in intimate contact with one side of
flat dielectric substrate, with a similar thin-film ground plane conductor on
the other side of the substrate
a.
Strip line
b.
Lecher wire
c.
Microstrip
d.
Stub
A situation when there is no net change in attenuation or no gain, no loss
occurs when ___% of the first Fresnel clears a path radius clears a path
obstruction in microwave systems
a.
45%
b.
60%
c.
75%
d.
85%
It the MTBF if a communications of circuit is 20,000 hours and its MTTR is 5
hours, what is its unavailability?
a.
0.00025
b.
99.975%
c.
0.25%
d.
00.975%
What would be the ERP in watts if the transmitter output is 30 dBm and the
transmission line loss is 20 dB and the antenna connected to it has a power
gain 60dB?
a.
10,000 watts
b.
1,000 watts
c.
100 watts
d.
10 watts
The K-factor under normal atmospheric conditions in a microwave radio data
profile calculation is equal to ___.
a.
2/3
b.
0
c.
4/3
d.
Infinity
A type of diversity reception, where the output of a transmitter is fed to two
or more antennas that are physically separated by an appreciable number of
wavelengths.
a.
Frequency diversity
b.
Space diversity
c.
Angle diversity
d.
Polarization diversity
100% of the earths surface can be covered with a sing satellite in a
(n)____orbit
a.
Inclined
b.
Equatorial
c.
Polar
d.
Geostationary
Space diversity transmission means transmitting and receiving on
a.
Two or more antennas operating on two different frequencies

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b.
Two or more identical frequencies
c.
Two or more different frequency
d.
Two or more antennas operating on the same frequencies
When the clearance above the obstruction is equal to the radii of even
Fresnel zone at the point of reflection the RSL is:
a.
Remains the same
b.
Above threshold
c.
Decreased
d.
Increased
What do you call the single booster installed on the antenna dish of a
satellite receiver?
a.
Low noise amplifier
b.
Single amplifier
c.
Noise amplifier
d.
Rectifier
A one-hop, full duplex, microwave system is in a space diversity
arrangement. Determine how many receivers in all are used?
a.
8
b.
2
c.
4
d.
6
A microwave communications system space loss calculations formula is
a.
92.4 + 10 log F + 20 log D
b.
92.4 + 20 log F + 20 log D
c.
94.2 + 10 log F + 20 log D
d.
92.4 + 20 log F + 20 log D
Refers to the horizontal pointing of antenna
a.
Look angle
b.
Elevation
c.
Azimuth
d.
Spot
_____ is the total power consumption for the satellite operation?
a.
About 10 W
b.
About 150 W
c.
About 2000 W
d.
About 25000 W
Forms of digital modulation used in microwave radio systems
a.
PSK and QAM
b.
FSK and PSK
c.
ASK and QAM
d.
ASK and PSK
Frequency modulation (FM) is used in microwave radio systems rather than
amplitude modulation (AM) because
a.
Frequency-modulated signals are sensitive to nonlinear distortion
b.
Amplitude-modulated signals are most sensitive to amplitude
nonlinearities inherent in wideband microwave amplifiers
c.
FM signals are more sensitive to random noise
d.
AM can be propagated with lower transmit power
In AM systems, intermodulation noise is
a.
Caused primarily by transmission gain
b.
A function of the magnitude of the frequency deviation
c.
Caused by delay distortion
d.
Caused by repeater amplitude nonlinearity
The baseband may comprise one or more of the following except
a.
Frequency division- multiplexed voice band channels
b.
Time- division multiplexed voice band channels
c.
Wideband data
d.
RF carrier
Provide an artificial boost an amplitude to the higher baseband frequencies
a.
Preemphasis network
b.
FM deviator
c.
Microwave generator
d.
Mixer
Low baseband frequencies _____ the IF carrier.
a.
Frequency modulate
b.
Phase modulate
c.
Up converts
d.
Regenerate
IF carrier frequencies are between
a.
80 and 100 MHz
b.
60 and 80 MHz
c.
100 and 120 MHz
d.
40 and 60 MHz
Mixing rather than multiplying is used to translate the IF frequencies to RF
frequencies because
a.
Modulation index is unchanged by multiplying
b.
Mixing the IF carrier would multiply the frequency deviation
c.
Mixing increases the band width
d.
Heterodyning process does not change the modulation index
The received microwave signal is simply mixed with a local oscillator
frequency in a nonlinear mixer in which type of microwave repeater?
a.
IF repeater
b.
Baseband repeater
c.
RF repeater
d.
Heterodyne repeater
Over time, radio path losses vary with atmospheric conditions which can vary
significantly, causing a corresponding reduction in the received signal
strength. Their reduction in signal strength is temporary and referred to as
a.
Attenuation
b.
Radio fade
c.
Diversity
d.
Service interruption
Used to increase the reliability of the system by increasing its availability
a.
Protection switching
b.
Hot standby
c.
Diversity
d.
Wire line entrance link (WLEL)
Undoubtedly provides the most reliable transmission
a.
Frequency diversity
b.
Space diversity
c.
Polarization diversity
d.
Quad diversity

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A sing back-up channel is made available to as many as 11 working channel

in which type of protection switching arrangement?
a.
Hot standby protection
b.
Diversity protection
c.
Channel protection
d.
Auxiliary protection
A balanced modulator that, when used in conjunction with a microwave
generator, power amplifier and band pass filter upconverts the IF carrier to
an RF carrier and amplifies the RF to the desired output power.
a.
Phase modulator
b.
Product modulator
c.
Modem
d.
Transmod
The portion of the transmit signal that is reflected off Earths surface and
captured by the receive antenna
a.
Surface wave
b.
Ground-reflected wave
c.
Direct space wave
d.
Sky wave
The difference between the nominal output power of a transmitter and the
minimum input power required by a receiver
a.
System gain
b.
Receiver threshold
c.
Fade margin
d.
Free-space path loss

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ECE BOARD NOV. 1998

39.

Which of the following is not a common microwave applications?

a.
Radar
b.
Data transmission
c.
Space communications
d.
Mobile radio

ECE BOARD NOVEMBER 1999

40.

Best reason for pressuring waveguides with dry air

a.
To maintain propagation
b.
To maintain the temperature of the wave guide
c.
To reduce the possibility of internal arcing
d.
To increase the speed of propagation

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58.

ECE BOARD November 1999

41.

Which of the following conditions can cause tropospheric ducting?

a.
A stable high-pressure system
b.
Unstable low-pressure system
c.
A stable low-pressure system
d.
Heavy rainfall

59.

ECE BOARD NOV. 1999

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What is the primary purpose of an RF amplifier in a receiver?

a.
To vary the receiver image rejection by utilizing the AGC
b.
To provide most of the receiver gain
c.
To develop the AGC voltage
d.
To improve the receivers noise figure
When the clearance above the obstruction is equal to the radii of even
Fresnel zone at the point of reflection, the RSL is
a.
Remains the same
b.
Above threshold
c.
Decreased
d.
Increased
Type of transmission path that permits communication in the frequency
range from 30 to 60 MHz and over distances from 1000 to 2000 km.
a.
Ducting
b.
Ionospheric scatter
c.
Microwave
d.
Troposcatter
A major and basic advantage for the use of klystron
a.
High power
b.
Efficiency
c.
Lesser noise
d.
Cheaper
The k-factor under normal atmospheric conditions in a microwave radio, data
profile calculation is equal to
a.
2/3
b.
0
c.
4/3
d.

When the value of k increases, the effective result is _____ of the equivalent
curvatures
a.
Downward curvatures
b.
Flattening
c.
Bulging
d.
Sharp curvatures
Advantage/s of a microwave system that requires the use of repeater
a.
Intervening terrain is favorable
b.
Distances involve are greater
c.
The required reliability is met
d.
All of these
Atmospheric noise is less sever at frequencies above
a.
Audio level
b.
10 GHz
c.
1 GHz
d.
30 GHz
Referred to as a ferrite device that can be used in lieu of a duplexer to isolate
a
a.
Coupler
b.
Diode
Occurs when the microwave beam is at point of grazing over an obstacle
a.
Diffraction
b.
Refraction
c.
Absorption

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d.
Reflection
Tropospheric scatter uses the frequencies in the _____ band
a.
VLF
b.
VHF
c.
UHF
d.
UF
The advantage of a periscope antenna in microwave
a.
Minimize interference to and from other neighboring stations
b.
Shorten waveguide link
c.
Reduce tower height
d.
All of these
The use of telecommunication for automatic indicating and recording
measurement at the distance from measuring instrument
a.
Monitoring
b.
Tracking
c.
Telemetry
d.
Telecomand
The bending of radio waves passing over the top of a mountain range that
disperses a weak portion of the signal behind the mountain is
a.
Eddy-current phase effect
b.
Knife-edge diffraction
c.
Shadowing
d.
Mirror refraction effect
Knife-edge diffraction
a.
Is the bending of UHF frequency radio waves around a building,
mountain or obstruction
b.
Causes the velocity of wave propagation to be different from
original wave
c.
Is the bending of UHF frequency radio waves around a building or
obstruction and causes the velocity of wave propagation to be
different from original wave
d.
Attenuates UHF signals
Which of the following terrain types permits a ground wave to travel the
fastest?
a.
Salt water
b.
Fresh water
c.
Sandy ground
d.
Rocky ground
Which of the following will not significantly reduce the effects of fading?
a.
Use an antenna with a good front to back ratio
b.
Use an antenna with a sharp frontal lobe
c.
Use an antenna with a minimum number of spurious side and
lobes
d.
Use an antenna with good omni directional pattern
Which of the following methods are used for diversity reception to overcome
the effects of tropospheric scattering of a sky wave?
a.
Frequency diversity
b.
Phase diversity
c.
Amplitude diversity
d.
Critical diversity
Which of the following terms is not used to define ionospheric variations?
a.
Seasonal variations
b.
Geographical variations
c.
Cyclical variations
d.
Tropospheric scatter variations
Most AM broadcasts employ _____ polarization while most FM broadcast
employ ____ polarization of the radio wave
a.
Vertical ; vertical
b.
Vertical ; horizontal
c.
Horizontal ; vertical
d.
Horizontal ; vertical
Ducts often form over
a.
Dry and arid deserts
b.
Cold arctic regions
c.
Highly industrialized regions
d.
Water
What is the name of the condition that occurs when the signals of two
transmitters in close proximity mix together in one or both of their final
amplifiers and unwanted signals at the sum and difference frequencies of the
original transmissions are generated?
a.
Amplifier desensitization
b.
Neutralization
c.
Adjacent channel interference
d.
Intermodulation interference
What test instrument can be used to display spurious signals in the output of
a radio transmitter?
a.
A spectrum analyzer
b.
A wattmeter
c.
A logic analyzer
d.
A time-domain reflectometer
A circulator
a.
Cools DC motors during heavy loads by turning on a cooling fan
for the motors windings
b.
Allows two or more antennas to feed one transmitter
c.
Allows one antenna to feed two separate microwave transmitters
and receive at the same time
d.
Insulates UHF frequencies on transmission lines and helps to
reduce skin effect at high frequencies
A microwave device that allows RF energy to pass through in one direction
with very little loss but absorbs RF power in the opposite direction
a.
Circulator
b.
Wave trap
c.
Multiplexer
d.
Isolator
What occurs in a receiver when an excessive amount of signal energy
reaches the mixer circuit?
a.
Spurious mixer products are generated
b.
Mixer blanking occurs
c.
Automatic limiting occurs
d.
A beat frequency is generated
What factors should be considered when selecting an intermediate
frequency?

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a.
Cross-modulation distortion and interference
b.
Interference to other services
c.
Image rejection and selectivity
d.
Noise figure and distortion
A dipole antenna requires to be fed with 20 kW of power to particular distant
point
If the addition of a reflector makes the same field strength available with an
input power
Of 11 kW. What is the gain in dB by the use of the reflector.
a.
4.75
b.
2.6
c.
1.81
d.
4.24
A waveguide is also known as
a.
b.
c.
d.

Low pass filter

High pass filter
Band pass filter
Band stop filter