Research Paper: Milkweed and Warts
Research Paper: Milkweed and Warts
Research Paper: Milkweed and Warts
Author Note:
The authors are all students of the department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental
Sciences, Northern Caribbean University
Special thanks to Professor Paul Gyles, Northern Caribbean University, for his guidance.
Correspondence concerning this paper should be address to Rhondene Wint or Donald Smith or
Christal-Ann Thompson-Richards
Contact: [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]
tightly clustered plantar-type warts. Plantar warts can be painful, and extensive involvement
on the sole of the foot may impair ambulation. Malignant change in nongenital warts is rare
but has been reported and is termed verrucous carcinoma (Guardara, Sergi, Labruna, Welch
& Gazivoda, 1992).
There are multiple treatment options for warts, but none has been found uniformly
effective (Dalloglio, Damico, Nasca & Micali, 2012). Various types of warts at various
sites may need different treatments. Topical agents, intralesional injections, photodynamic
therapy, and systemic agents are possible medical treatment options. Surgical treatment
options are cryosurgery, lasers, and electrodesiccation/ curettage (Sterling,Handfield-Jones &
Hudson, 2001). According to guidelines of the British Association of Dermatologists, the
recommended treatments for cutaneous facial warts are salicylic acid ointment, cryotherapy,
curettage with light cautery, and CO2 laser.
Asclepias, the milkweeds, is a genus of herbaceous perennial, dicotyledonous plants that
contains over 140 known species, belonging to the subfamily Asclepiadoideae of the
dogbane family Apocynaceae. Carl Linnaeus named the genus after Asclepius, the Greek god
of healing, because of the many folk-medicinal uses for the milkweed plants. According to
Hartwell (19671971), the leaves and/or latex are used in folk remedies for cancer, tumors,
and warts. Reported to be alterative, analgesic, cathartic, cicatrisant, diaphoretic, diuretic,
emetic, emmenagogue, expectorant, laxative, and nervine. Milkweed is a folk remedy for
asthma, bronchitis, cancer, catarrh, cough, dropsy, dysentery, dyspepsia, fever, gallstones,
gonorrhea, moles, pleurisy, pneumonia, rheumatism, ringworm, scrofula, sores, tumors,
ulcers, warts, and wounds (Duke and Wain, 1981; Kloss, 1939; Erichsen-Brown, 1979).
According to Hager's Handbuch (List and Horhammer, 19691979), the latex contains 0.1
1.5% caoutchouc, 1617% dry matter, and 1.23% ash. Also they report the digitalis-like
mixture of a- and b-asclepiadin, the antitumor b-sitosterol, and a- and b-amyrin and its
acetate, dextrose and wax. The seed oil contains 4% paimitic-, 1% stearic-, 15% oleic-, 15%
11-octadecanoic-, 53% linoleic-, 1% linolenic; 10% 9-hexadecenic-, and 2% 9,12hexadecadenic-acids. Condurangin has also been reported from the seed, with at least 9
active cardenolids, among them uzarigenin, desgiucouzarin, syriogenin, syriobioside; also
xysmalogenin. The sprouts, eaten like asparagus, e.g. among Yugoslavs, contains
asclepiadin, nicotine, b-sitosterol, a- and b-amyrin, and tannin.
Literature Review
There are numerous topical ointments based on milkweed. However, only company was
found to produce a milkweed based cream specifically targeting warts. Phytomedx has made
genital wart removal cream designed to be used on the wart-infected external skin of the mouth,
anus, penis. labia or vagina (Phytomedx, 2012) .