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Power Electronics Tutorials

Dr Mahera Musallam Power Electronics notes taught at the School of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University.

Uploaded by

Alejandro West
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
63 views

Power Electronics Tutorials

Dr Mahera Musallam Power Electronics notes taught at the School of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University.

Uploaded by

Alejandro West
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Exercise 1

A power BJT switch with

IC
20 is characterised in the on-state by
IB

VBESAT =10V and VCESAT =20 V and load resistance RC=15 ohm. If the DC supply
voltage VCC is 50V and the input voltage to the base circuit VBB is 15V, find the
following:
1. Sketch the circuit arrangement.
2.Calculate the value of the transistor base resistance RB for the given
conditions.
3.Calculate the total power dissipation in the transistor.
VCC
RC

ICRC

IC
VCE

RB

VBB
IBRB

VBE

IE

2. The saturating load current is:

IC
20
IB

=20

Therefore, the base current is:

hence, the base resistance is

[3] The total Power Loss within the transistor is:

VC

Exercise 2
A power transistor energises an inductive-resistive load of 80H and 20 from a
100V DC source. The load has a freewheeling path consisting of one diode D. The
base drive to the transistor is arranged so that it is on for 60s and off for 40s
repetitively. Consider steady state operation conditions.
1. Draw the circuit arrangement
2. What does the voltage across the load look like during switching
3. Sketch the current waveform when all the energy stored in the inductor
exactly matches the energy lost when the diode D is ON.
4. Calculate the average load voltage and the average load current
respectively.

100V
VL

L=80H

VLoad

R=20

VR

d (duty cycle) =60%


0V

QON

100V
0
V

DON

60%

QON D
OFF

iL

40%
100% D
ON

QOFF

dT
Vload
Vload
VL

=100*60/100 =60V

average

=VL

average

=0

average

VR

(1-d)T

average

= 60V

+VR

average

average

=60V

average

= 60/20 =3A

Exercise 3
The forward converter shown below has a switch Q which is operating at 100KHz,
the input voltage Vs is 100V while the output voltage Vo is 50V, use Smoothing
inductor value L=60 h Find the following:
1.

Draw the equivalent circuit when the switch Q is ON and the equivalent
circuit when the switch Q is OFF.

2.

Draw a sketch of the inductor voltage and current during the whole full ON
and OFF cycle.

3.

Draw a sketch of the transistor current

4.

Draw a sketch of the diode current

5.

Show that the output voltage is given by Vo = dVs where d is the duty
cycle of the converter.

6.

Calculate the maximum inductance ripple.

3.
VL

Vs -VO

A
(1-d)T

ton
dT

0.01 ms
toff

-VO

ILmax

Io

I transistor

I diode

4.

T =1/fz = 1/100KHz= 0.01ms, d =Vo/Vs =50/100 =0.5

Exercise 4
A non-isolated forward converter is to be designed with the following specification:
Supply voltage 24V, output voltage 12V, inductance value of

15H. Output

voltage ripple 100mV, maximum (rated) output current 12A, output current at
threshold between continuous and discontinuous inductor current 4A, switching
frequency 50kHz.
Determine:
Inductance ripple
Peak inductance currents
Maximum energy that the inductor has to store.
Peak and mean transistor currents at rated output current.
Output capacitor value.

iL

IO

iCo
Load

Vs = 24V

Vo =12V

1. Inductance ripple
iL waveform at threshold will look like this:

D On

Q On
8A

4A

This is a forward converter use average iL= output current = 4A

Mean value =Io =4A


iL =8A

2. Peak inductance currents

The inductor current at Io = 12A will look like the following:

i2
D On

Q On

12A

8A
i1

i1

Io mean = 12A = (i1+i2)/2


iL = 8A = i2- i1
i1= 8A and i2=16A

3. Maximum energy storage :

1 2
Li =0.5*15H*(16^2)=1.92mJ
2 2

4. Peak and mean transistor currents at rated output current.

iQ will look like this:

iQ

i2

i1

Mean iQ =((i1+i2)/2)*d
d=Vo/Vs =12/24 = 0.5
Mean iQ =((i1+i2)/2)*d = (8+16)/2*0.5 =6A
iQ peak =16A

5. Output capacitor value.

T =1/fz = 1/50KHz= 20s,

T
0.5 * * 4
AreaC
2
V 0.1V

CO
CO
CO 200F

16A
Area C

12A

8A
T/2
10s

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