Technology Transfer Methods
Technology Transfer Methods
1. Trade secret:
A trade secret is like any formula, device, pattern, process, or the information that affords an
enterprise an advantages over others who do not know it. The information about the products
or new invention is not generally known to others but it has value. Trade secrets must be
maintained by avoiding public disclosure.
In contrast, know-how is a broader term that describes factual knowledge not usually
amenable to a precise description. Know-how is usually an accumulated knowledge as result
of trial and error. Know-how typically gives an enterprise the ability to produce something
that could not be produced as accurately or successfully without it. Know-how may include
trade secrets and cannot be protected or licensed unless it is first recorded in a tangible
medium.
Unlike patents, laws protects trade secrets. The laws allows the trade secret owner to
prosecute someone for unauthorized use, observation, or lack of adequate security measures,
the information moves into the public domain and loses protection under trade secret law.
Trade secrets are effective to protect product innovations that incorporate various
technological barriers to analysis, and process innovations that can be hidden from exposure.
3. Intellectual Property
Another method for transferring technology is to transfer Intellectual Property, which is an
intangible right that can be bought and sold, leased or rented, or otherwise transferred
between parties in much the same way that rights to real property or other personal property
can be transferred. Intellectual property can consist of patents, trade secrets, copyrights,
designs, know-how, and trademarks. The transfer of intellectual property rights is an
important and often substantial component of the technology transfer process. Intellectual
property rights are most often transferred through contracts or licenses. Window
blinds and window shades manufacturer said intellectual property transfer is most important
and substantial component.
4. To know about Inventions and patents
Invention is the act or process of discovering something new, physical or conceptual. A
United States patent is an agreement between the United States government and the inventor.
This agreement grants the inventor the right to exclude others from making, using or selling
the invention for a defined period of time within the United States. The patent law of the
United States Specifies that any person who Invents or discovers any new and useful
Process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful
improvements Thereof, may obtain a patent.
Technical exchanges
Cross-licensing
Co-Production
Marketing agreements
Licensing
Contracting
Enterprise acquisition
Formal Processes
The formal processes of technology transfer are generally process-embodied or personembodied transfer within an overarching organizational framework. These processes include
outright procurement of a technology though its sale, licensing or acquisition of the enterprise
tin which the technology is embedded. Another formal process of technology transfer is
through formal agreements between governments, enterprises, individuals, research entities
such as laboratories, and academic institutions. In this instance, formal legal arrangements are
made, such as joint ventures, R & D consortia, co-operative agreements and other legal
instrumentality.
As our talk in technology transfer today we are going to discuss on methods of technology
transfer. There are number of methods for transferring technology, both informal and formal.
First we understand about the Informal process then we will understand the Formal process.
The formal processes are those which use legal arrangements between the participants in the
transfer process. The informal processes include the transfer of technology either with or
without the transferees knowledge or formal recognition that this knowledge is or has been
transferred.
Informal Processes
The informal processes of transferring technology include technical information exchange
though published matter, either printed or by electronic media, meetings, symposia and
individual exchanges. In this process the originator of the information makes the technical
information available through professional meetings, journals, articles, electronic exchange,
and informal meetings and personal communication. Technologists have sometimes
inadvertently exchanged valuable and sensitive technical information, which has led to
competitors capturing economic rents that rightly belonged to the initiator of the information
exchange. In some instances the knowledge of genetic code had been placed on-line in
electronic media such as the Internet only to be patented by others. Some time working group
want to transfer their work environment also with which they are working. Working group
want to transfer same interior design with the same vertical window blinds.
Reference
http://ttechnologytransfermanagement.wordpress.com
Technology Transfer
Not a single country cannot able to create or build an advanced Science and Technology
without TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER from other countries. The countries become advanced
if the technology transfer is done in both software and hardware forms and in terms of export
and import of technologies. In our case (Islamic Countries) we are mostly the importer of
technology, in its hardware form. Technology transfer in this context refers to the movement
of technological software and hardware from advanced countries to less advanced or
developing countries.
constrained in term of know-how. This demonstrates that export oriented domain is still little
in Islamic nations. Special case to this tenet are maybe in Turkey and Malaysia which moved
towards export of consumable merchandise and in Saudi Arabia which built extensive scale
petrochemical commercial ventures.
Real technology transfer
The term real technology transfer refers to a transplantation or anchorage of the imported
technology
There are a few necessities for true engineering exchange to occur. They are
The beneficiary nation or firm ought to exchange the full core technology.
The beneficiary ought to ace the imported core tech and after that move to create
capacities for
o Adaptation and expansion into similar related modern exercises.
o Independent product improvement.
o Independent system improvement.
The beneficiary ought to be always caution of changes in the economic situations i.e.
market conditions and react in like manner by presenting configuration changes,
quality change, and new items and methodology.
The beneficiary ought to have the capacity to make related advances by utilizing his
own particular R&D offices or by depending on the national R&D system.
There are a few systems utilized as a part of technology transfer. These are
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
It should be pointed out that technology transfer could also occur between Islamic countries
especially in areas where in some countries have already achieved excellence. For instance,
technology can be moved from Turkey in zones identified with leather, textile and glass
while in Malaysia exceeds expectations in electronics hardware and Jordan exceeds
expectations in drip watering system and utilization of plastics in agribusiness. Recently
industrialized nations, for example, Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Brazil and Argentine are
likewise in position to transfer technologies in numerous modern fields.
Reference
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ISSUES FOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE MUSLIM
WORLD. Fakhruddin A. Daghestani Arafat R. Altamemi