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Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist and philosopher of science best known for developing the general theory of relativity and mass-energy equivalence formula E=mc2. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his services to theoretical physics, including his discovery of the photoelectric effect. Einstein published over 300 scientific papers, developed both the special and general theories of relativity, and made major contributions to the foundations of modern physics.

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132 views4 pages

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist and philosopher of science best known for developing the general theory of relativity and mass-energy equivalence formula E=mc2. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his services to theoretical physics, including his discovery of the photoelectric effect. Einstein published over 300 scientific papers, developed both the special and general theories of relativity, and made major contributions to the foundations of modern physics.

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Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 18 April 1955)

Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist and philosopher


of science. He developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of
modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). He is best known in popular
culture for his mass energy equivalence

formula E = mc2 . He received the

1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially
for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". The latter was pivotal in
establishing quantum theory.
Near the beginning of his career, Einstein thought that Newtonian
mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with
the laws of the electromagnetic field. This led to the development of his special
theory of relativity. He realized, however, that the principle of relativity could also
be extended to gravitational fields, and with his subsequent theory of gravitation
in 1916, he published a paper on the general theory of relativity. He continued to
deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his
explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated
the thermal properties of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory of
light. In 1917, Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to model the largescale structure of the universe.
He settled in the U.S., becoming an American citizen in 1940. On the eve
of World War II, he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt
alerting him to the potential development of "extremely powerful bombs of a new
type" and recommending that the U.S. begin similar research. This eventually led
to what would become the Manhattan Project. Einstein supported defending the
Allied forces, but largely denounced the idea of using the newly discovered
nuclear fission as a weapon. Later, with the British philosopher Bertrand Russell,
Einstein signed the RussellEinstein Manifesto, which highlighted the danger of

nuclear weapons. Einstein was affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Study in
Princeton, New Jersey, until his death in 1955.Einstein published more than 300
scientific papers along with over 150 non-scientific works. His intellectual
achievements and originality have made the word ."Einstein" synonymous with
genius.

Albert Einstein in 1921

Signature of Einstein

Born
Died
Residence

Citizenship

Fields

Institutions

Alma mater

Physics, Philosophy
Swiss Patent Office (Bern)
University of Zurich
Charles University in Prague
ETH Zurich
Caltech
Prussian Academy of Sciences
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute
University of Leiden
Institute for Advanced Study

ETH Zurich
University of Zurich

Folgerungen aus den Capillarittserscheinungen (1901)


Alfred Kleiner
Heinrich Friedrich Weber
Abdul Jabbar Abdullah
Ernst G. Straus
Nathan Rosen
Le Szilrd
Raziuddin Siddiqui

General relativity and special relativity


Photoelectric effect
Mass-energy equivalence
Theory of Brownian Motion
Einstein field equations
BoseEinstein statistics
BoseEinstein condensate
BoseEinstein correlations
Unified Field Theory
EPR paradox

Thesis
Doctoral advisor
Other academic advisors

Notable students

Known for

14 March 1879
Ulm, Kingdom of Wrttemberg, German Empire
18 April 1955 (aged 76)
Princeton, New Jersey, United States
Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, United States
Kingdom of Wrttemberg (18791896)
Stateless (18961901)
Switzerland (19011955)
Austria-Hungary (19111912)
German Empire (19141918)
Weimar Republic (19191933)
United States (19401955)

Notable awards

Spouse
Children

Barnard Medal (1920)


Nobel Prize in Physics (1921)
Matteucci Medal (1921)
Copley Medal (1925)[2]
Max Planck Medal (1929)
Time Person of the Century (1999)
Mileva Mari (19031919)
Elsa Lwenthal (19191936)
"Lieserl" (19021903?)
Hans Albert (19041973)
Eduard "Tete" (19101965)

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