ATN980 Product Description (V600R003C00 - 02)

HUAWEI ATN 980 Multi-service Access Equipment
V600R003C00
Product Description
Issue
02
Date
2011-08-12
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2011. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written
consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the
customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the
purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,
and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations
of any kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address:
Huawei Industrial Base

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Shenzhen 518129
People's Republic of China
Website:
http://www.huawei.com
Email:
[email protected]
Issue 02 (2011-08-12)
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Product Description
About This Document
About This Document

Purpose
This document describes the product positioning and features, product architecture, link features,
service features, application scenarios, operation and maintenance, and technical specifications
of the HUAWEI ATN 980 device.
This document provides an overall description of the HUAWEI ATN 980 device, which helps
intended readers get a general understanding of all the product features.
Related Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to this document.
Product Name
Version
HUAWEI ATN 980 Multiservice Access Equipment
V600R003C00
Intended Audience
This document is intended for:
l
Network planning engineers
Hardware installation engineers
Commissioning engineers
Data configuration engineers
On-site maintenance engineers
Network monitoring engineers
System maintenance engineers
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Issue 02 (2011-08-12)

ii

Product Description
Symbol
About This Document
Description
DANGER
WARNING
CAUTION
Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not

avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, which
if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not
avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss,
performance degradation, or unexpected results.
TIP
Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save

time.
NOTE
Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement

important points of the main text.
Change History
Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains
all updates made in previous issues.
Changes in Issue 02 (2011-08-12)

The second commercial release has the following updates:
l
Service Features
6.12 ClockThe performance monitoring function on Passive ports of a 1588v2 device
is added.
Operation and Maintenance

8.6 System Test and Diagnosis, The packet capture function is added.
Changes in Issue 01 (2011-05-30)

Initial field trial release.
Issue 02 (2011-08-12)

iii

Product Description
Contents
Contents
About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii
1 Product Positioning.......................................................................................................................1
1.1 Product Positioning.............................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Product Features.................................................................................................................................................2
2 Product Architecture.....................................................................................................................4
2.1 Physical Architecture..........................................................................................................................................5
2.2 Logical Architecture...........................................................................................................................................5
2.3 Software Architecture.........................................................................................................................................6
2.4 Data Forwarding Process....................................................................................................................................8
3 Technical Specifications.............................................................................................................10
4 FPIC................................................................................................................................................12
5 Link Features................................................................................................................................15
5.1 TDM Link Features..........................................................................................................................................16
5.2 Ethernet Link Features......................................................................................................................................16
5.3 CPOS Link Features.........................................................................................................................................16
5.4 E1 Link Features...............................................................................................................................................17
6 Service Features...........................................................................................................................18
6.1 Ethernet Features..............................................................................................................................................19
6.1.1 Layer 2 Ethernet Features........................................................................................................................19
6.1.2 Layer 3 Ethernet Features........................................................................................................................19
6.1.3 QinQ Features..........................................................................................................................................19
6.1.4 Flexible Access to VPNs.........................................................................................................................20
6.1.5 RRPP Link Features................................................................................................................................20
6.1.6 RSTP/MSTP Features..............................................................................................................................20
6.1.7 BPDU Tunneling Features.......................................................................................................................21
6.2 IP Features........................................................................................................................................................21
6.2.1 IPv4 Features...........................................................................................................................................21
6.3 Routing Protocol...............................................................................................................................................21
6.3.1 Unicast Routing.......................................................................................................................................21
6.3.2 Multicast Routing....................................................................................................................................23
6.4 MPLS................................................................................................................................................................24
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iv

Product Description
Contents
6.5 VPN Features....................................................................................................................................................28

6.5.1 Tunnel Policy...........................................................................................................................................28
6.5.2 VPN Tunnel.............................................................................................................................................28
6.5.3 MPLS L2VPN.........................................................................................................................................28
6.5.4 BGP/MPLS L3VPN................................................................................................................................30
6.6 QoS...................................................................................................................................................................31
6.7 Load Balancing.................................................................................................................................................35
6.8 Traffic Statistics................................................................................................................................................35
6.9 Security Features..............................................................................................................................................37
6.10 IP RAN Features.............................................................................................................................................41
6.11 Network Reliability........................................................................................................................................42
6.12 Clock...............................................................................................................................................................47
7 Applicable Environment............................................................................................................50
7.1 Typical ATN Application on the FMC MAN..................................................................................................51
8 Operation and Maintenance......................................................................................................52

8.1 System Configuration Modes...........................................................................................................................53
8.2 System Management and Maintenance............................................................................................................53
8.3 Device Running Status Monitoring..................................................................................................................53
8.4 HGMP...............................................................................................................................................................55
8.5 System Service and Status Tracking................................................................................................................55
8.6 System Test and Diagnosis...............................................................................................................................55
8.7 NQA..................................................................................................................................................................56
8.8 In-Service Debugging.......................................................................................................................................56
8.9 Upgrade Features..............................................................................................................................................57
8.10 License............................................................................................................................................................57
8.11 Other Operation and Maintenance Features...................................................................................................57
9 NMS...............................................................................................................................................59
10 Acronyms and Abbreviations.................................................................................................61
Issue 02 (2011-08-12)


Product Description
1 Product Positioning
Product Positioning
About This Chapter

1.1 Product Positioning
1.2 Product Features
Issue 02 (2011-08-12)


Product Description
1.1 Product Positioning

The ATN series are case-shaped products used for multi-service access on the edge of the
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN). The ATN models include the ATN 910, ATN 950, ATN
980, and ATN 990. The ATN series, together with the CX600 series, can be used to construct
end-to-end routed MANs oriented towards Fixed-Mobile Convergence (FMC).
Taking the challenges faced by carriers with respect to resources, cost, and services at the access
layer during the evolvement of mobile networks, the ATN series, which adhere to Huawei's
"Any Media" conception, provide sustainable IP RAN solutions to 2G, 3G, and Long Term
Evolution (LTE) applications.
ATN 980
An ATN 980 is 3 U high. It has two multi-functional slots for Main Processing Units (MPUs),
one slot for Network Processing Unit (NPU), and four slots for high-speed or low-speed
subcards. Its switching capacity is 20G.
1.2 Product Features

ATN980s support a switching capability of 20 Gbit/s and provide dense and various interfaces
to meet different access scenarios. An ATN980 is 220 mm high, and thus can be placed in an
outdoor cabinet for access convergence. ATN980s provide powerful Layer 2 or Layer 3
functions, supporting L2VPN (or L3VPN), HQoS, QinQ, and NAT. It also provide flexible and
comprehensive bearing solutions for different scenarios, which helps Metro services become
more intelligent. ATN980s support 1588v2 to provide precise frequency or time synchronization
services to meet the LTE network's requirements for clock synchronization and to better transport
mobile backhaul services.
l
ATN980s adopt a 100% route architecture to transport multiple services and help the
current network finally evolve into an LTE network to protect customers' investment.
ATN980s adopt an advanced route architecture and a uniform platform to access and
transport multiple types of services on an ALL IP network. This improves network
Issue 02 (2011-08-12)


Product Description
flexibility and transmission efficiency, helps construct reliable carrier-class packet

transport network (PTN), and reduces the total cost of ownership (TCO). Based on MPLS/
MPLS-TP series standards, ATN980s adopt a connection-oriented packet switching
technology to provide wider bandwidth and low delays to help the current transport network
to evolve into an LTE network.
l
ATN980s provide powerful Layer 3 features and perfect clock synchronization solutions
to help rapidly deploy services in complicated scenarios.
ATN980s provide powerful Layer 3 features based on the VRP. ATN980s support 5-level
HQoS, able to provide flexible and reliable differentiated services for users by using refined
traffic scheduling and shaping. In the IP RAN solution, ATN980s provide a mature clock
synchronization schemes, including Adaptive Clock Recovery (ACR), Synchronization
Ethernet, and 1588v2, to provide precious frequency or clock synchronization services. In
addition, ATN980s support intelligent applications during Fixed and Mobile Convergence
(FMC) to comply with the trend of intelligent services.
ATN980s are managed by a U2000, which is a visual network management system to

implement one-key service provisioning to rapidly locate faults. Consequently, the PTN's
operability is greatly enhanced.
ATN980s are managed by a U2000. With the help of the convenient service configuration
process and perfect OAM fault detection mechanism, the U2000 implements visual
management, one-key E2E service provisioning for a single node, and rapid fault detection
within 30 seconds. This greatly improves operation and maintenance efficiency and
enhances manageability and operability of the PTN. In addition, the NMS supports uniform
management of PTN, microwave, MSTP, and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
devices, effectively improving operation and maintenance qualities.
ATN980s are able to communicate with non-Huawei devices, implementing seamless
access at the network edge. All Layer 3 features provided by ATN980s are interoperable
with the Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), greatly protecting customers' investment.
Issue 02 (2011-08-12)


Product Description
2 Product Architecture
Product Architecture
About This Chapter

2.1 Physical Architecture
2.2 Logical Architecture
2.3 Software Architecture
2.4 Data Forwarding Process
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Product Description
2.1 Physical Architecture

The physical architecture includes the following systems:
l
Power distribution system
Functional host system
Heat dissipation system
Network management system
All systems except the network management system (NMS) are located in an integrated cabinet.
The power distribution system consists of power modules working in 1+1 backup mode.
The following describes only the functional host system.
The functional host system is composed of the system backplane, MPUs, NPUs, and PICs. The
functional host system processes data. In addition, it monitors and manages the entire system,
including the power distribution system, heat dissipation system, and NMS through NMS
interfaces. Figure 2-1 shows the functional host system of the ATN 980.
Figure 2-1 Functional host system
-48 V
-48 V
PIU
(Power Support
Unit)
PIU
(Power Support
Unit)
Control Bus
Control Bus
Monitor Bus
Monitor Bus
Control Bus
Control Bus
Monitor Bus
Monitor Bus
Backplane
Control Bus
2*10G
NPU
Monitor Bus
Data Bus
Control Bus
Monitor Bus
FAN
MPU
(Master)
MPU
(Slave)
GE/Console/
Bits/USB
GE/Console/
Bits/USB
Control Bus
Monitor Bus
Data Bus
PIC
GE/FE/E1
(Physical
etc
Interface Card)
2.2 Logical Architecture

The logical architecture of the ATN 980 consists of the following planes:
l
Data plane
Control and management plane
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Product Description
Monitoring plane
Figure 2-2 shows the logical architecture.

Figure 2-2 Logical architecture
MPU
MPU
Monitoring
plane
System
monitoring unit
System
monitoring unit
Control and
management
plane
System
monitoring unit
System
monitoring unit
Management
unit
Management
unit
PICs
management unit
Forwarding
unit
Data plane
Forwarding
unit
NPUI
Data channel
PIC * N
NPUI
The data plane is responsible for high speed processing and non-blocking switching of data
packets. It encapsulates or decapsulates packets, forwards IPv4/IPv6/MPLS packets,
performs QoS as well as scheduling and internal high-speed switching, and collects
statistics.
The control and management plane completes all control and management functions for
the system and is the core of the entire system. Control and management units process
protocols and signals, and maintain, manage, report on, and control system status.
The monitoring plane monitors the ambient environment to ensure secure and stable
operation of the system. It detects voltage levels, controls system power-on and-off,
monitors temperature, and controls fan modules. When a unit fails, the monitoring plane
isolates the faulty unit promptly so that other parts of the system can continue to run
normally.
2.3 Software Architecture

Figure 2-3 shows the software architecture of the ATN 980.
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Product Description
Figure 2-3 Software architecture

FAN
Monitoring
Power
Monitoring
SNMP
RPS
Master
RPS
Slave
IPC
NPU
PIC
PIC
PIC
PIC
Software of the ATN 980 consists of the Routing Process System (RPS), power monitoring
system, fan monitoring system.
l
Issue 02 (2011-08-12)
The RPS, which includes IPOS software, VRP software, and product-adaptation software,
is the control and management module that runs on the MPU. The RPS on the active MPU
and the one on the standby MPU back up each other. RPSs support IPv4/IPv6, MPLS, LDP,
and routing protocols, calculate routes, establish LSPs and multicast distribution trees,
generate unicast, multicast, and MPLS forwarding tables, and they deliver information
concerning all the preceding mentioned to the NPU.


Product Description
2.4 Data Forwarding Process

Figure 2-4 Data forwarding process
PIC
Datagram
Datagram
Processing on the incoming
interface
Processing on the outgoing

interface
Downstream traffic
classification
Upstream traffic classification
PFE
IPv4 unicast Searching the

IPv4 multicast routing table to
MPLS
forward packets
IPv6
MAC
QoS in the
upstream
IPv4 unicast
IPv4 multicast
MPLS
IPv6
Packet
encapsulation
and forwarding
in the
downstream
Queue
scheduling
Congestion
management
QoS in the
downstream
Congestion
management
Queue
scheduling
Multicast replication
TM
Packet fragmentation
Packet reassembly
Micro cell
Micro cell
SFU
As shown in Figure 2-4, the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) adopts a Network Processor (NP)
or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) to implement high-speed packet routing.
External memory types include Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random
Access Memory (DRAM), and Net Search Engine (NSE). The SRAM stores forwarding entries;
the DRAM stores packets; the NSE performs non-linear searching.
Data forwarding processes can be divided into upstream and downstream processes based on
the direction of the data flow.
l
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Upstream process: The Physical Interface Card (PIC) encapsulates packets to frames and
then sends them to the PFE. On the PFE of the inbound interface, the system decapsulates
the frames and identifies the packet types. It then classifies traffic according to the QoS
configurations on the inbound interface. After traffic classification, the system searches the
Forwarding Information Base (FIB) for the outbound interfaces and next hops of packets
to be forwarded. To forward an IPv4 unicast packet, for instance, the system searches the
FIB for the outbound interface and next hop according to the destination IP address of the

Product Description
packet. Finally, the system sends the packets containing information about outbound
interfaces and next hops to the traffic management (TM) module.
l
Issue 02 (2011-08-12)
Downstream process: Information about packet types that have been identified in the
upstream process and about the outbound interfaces is encapsulated through the link layer
protocol and the packets are stored in corresponding queues for transmission. If an IPv4
packet whose outbound interface is an Ethernet interface, the system needs to obtain the
MAC address of the next hop. Outgoing traffic is then classified according to the QoS
configurations on the outbound interfaces. Finally, the system encapsulates the packets
with new Layer 2 headers on the outbound interfaces and sends them to the PIC.


Product Description
3 Technical Specifications
Technical Specifications
Physical Specifications
Table 3-1 Physical Specifications
Item
ATN980
Dimensions (width x
depth x height)
442 mm x 220 mm x 132 mm (3 U height)
Installation
Mounted in an N63E cabinet, a standard 19-inch cabinet, or a 23inch North American open rack
Weight (in full

configuration)
14 kg
Typical power
350 W
Heat dissipation
1136 BTU/hour
DC input
voltage
Rated
voltage
-48 V
Maximum
voltage
range
-38 V to -72 V
Long-term
-5C to 50C
Short-term
-20C to 60C (Short-term refers to a period of not more than 96

consecutive hours and a total of not more than 15 days in 1 year.)
Remarks
Restriction on the temperature variation rate: 30C per hour
Ambient
temperat
ure
Storage temperature
-40C to 70C
Relative
ambient
humidity
Long-term
5% to 85% RH, non-condensing
Short-term
Relative storage
humidity
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Product Description
Item
ATN980
Altitude for permanent

work
Within 3000 meters
Storage altitude
Within 5000 meters
3 Technical Specifications
System Configuration
Table 3-2 System Configuration
Item
ATN980
SDRAM
2 GB
CF card
1 GB
USB interface
USB2.0 Host
Forwarding capacity
20 Gbit/s
Packets forwarding rate
30 Mpps
Backplane bandwidth
285 Gpbs
Interface capacity
Non-line-rate: 52 Gbit/s
Linerate: 20Gbit/s
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Number of subcard slots
Number of MPU slots
Number of NPU slots

11

Product Description
4 FPIC
FPIC
The ATN980 has four slots for subcards. Subcards are hot swappable and support automatic
configuration recovery.
Table 4-1 Subcards supported by the ATN980
Interface Name
Description
Remarks
8-port 100/1000Base-X-SFP
Flexible Plug-in Card (FPIC)
(1588v2)
Supports synchronization
Ethernet feature and multiple
types of optical modules, and
complies with the 1588v2
standard.
Subcards of this type can be

inserted in the slots 2, 3, 4 and
5 on the ATN980.
l Supports the GE optical

module to provide GE
optical interfaces.
l Supports the FE optical
module to provide FE
optical interfaces.
l Supports the SFP
electrical module to
provide 100 M/1000 M
auto-sensing electrical
interfaces. (In this case,
the synchronization
Ethernet feature is not
supported.)
l Supports the mixed use of
the preceding modules.
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Product Description
4 FPIC
Interface Name
Description
Remarks
8-port 100/1000Base-X-SFP
FPIC
Supports the synchronization

Ethernet feature and multiple
types of optical modules.

inserted in the slots 5, 6, 9,
and 10 on the slots 2, 3, 4 and
5 on the ATN980.
l Supports the GE optical

module to provide GE
optical interfaces.
l Supports the FE optical
module to provide FE
optical interfaces.
l Supports the SFP
electrical module to
provide the features of
100 M/1000 M autosensing electrical
interfaces.
l Supports the mixed use of
the preceding modules.
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Auxiliary Flexible Interface

Card with 4-Port 100BaseRJ45(FIC, Supporting
1588v2)C
Supports on-site ambient

monitoring, including the
monitoring of burglarproof
switches and smoke sensors.
Only one subcard of this type

can used on a device.
8-port 100Base-T FPIC

(electrical interface)

5 on the ATN980.
8-port 100Base-X SFP FPIC

(optical interface)

5 on the ATN980.
1-port channelized STM-1

FPIC
Supports hot swapping, the

clock synchronization
feature, and three protocols:
Circuit Emulation Service
(CES), Inverse Multiplexing
for ATM (IMA), and Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol
(ML-PPP).

5 on the ATN980.
16-port E1 FPIC (75 ohm)
Supports hot swapping.

5 on the ATN980.
16-port E1 FPIC (120 ohm)

5 on the ATN980.
4-port OC-3c/STM-1 ATM

SFP FPIC

5 on the ATN980.

13

Product Description
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4 FPIC
14

Product Description
5 Link Features
Link Features
About This Chapter

5.1 TDM Link Features
5.2 Ethernet Link Features
5.3 CPOS Link Features
5.4 E1 Link Features
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Product Description
5 Link Features
5.1 TDM Link Features

The ATN 980 provides the following TDM-supporting interfaces:
l
E1
cSTM-1 POS
The ATN 980 simulates TDM E1 services and channelized STM-1 services for transparent
transmission.
The ATN 980 supports the circuit emulation service (CES) by using Pseudo-Wire Emulation
Edge to Edge (PWE3).
The CES is classified into the Structure-aware TDM Circuit Emulation Service over Packet
Switched Network (CESoPSN) and Structure-Agnostic TDM over Packet (SAToP) service.
5.2 Ethernet Link Features

The ATN 980 provides the following features on Ethernet interfaces:
l
Flow control and auto negotiation of rates
The formed Eth-Trunk interface functions the same as a common Ethernet interface in
supporting services.
Bundling of interfaces of different rates
Binding of interfaces on different boards into one Eth-Trunk
Eth-Trunk member interfaces in active/standby mode

The ATN 980 can perform active/standby switchover automatically on Eth-Trunk member
interfaces when the link status of interfaces changes.
Addition or deletion of member interfaces to or from an Eth-Trunk interface

The ATN 980 can sense the Up or Down status of member interfaces, thus dynamically
changing the bandwidth of the Eth-Trunk.
Layer 2 and Layer 3 Eth-Trunk interfaces

E-Trunk, that is, Eth-Trunk interface whose member interfaces reside on different devices
Association between Eth-Trunk links and BFD
LACP defined in 802.3ad

The Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) maintains link status according to interface
status. LACP adjusts or disables link aggregation in the case of aggregation changes.
Ethernet clock synchronization
1588v2 clock
VLAN sub-interfaces
Interface loopback, including local loopback and remote loopback
5.3 CPOS Link Features

The ATN 980 provides the following CPOS features:
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Product Description
5 Link Features
Channelization
The E1 interface channalized from a CPOS interface, in compliance with SAToP, can
transparently transmit unstructured TDM services through PWs on an MPLS network.
The E1 interface channalized from a CPOS interface, in compliance with CESoPSN, can
transparently transmit structured TDM services through PWs on an MPLS network.
ML-PPP/TDM/ATM IMA
The ATN 980 provides CPOS interfaces at 155 Mbit/s. At the link layer, CPOS interfaces
support the following protocols:
ML-PPP
TDM
ATM IMA
Interface loopback, including local loopback and remote loopback
5.4 E1 Link Features

The ATN 980 provides an E1 interface.
The E1 interface supports the following link protocols:
l
ML-PPP
ATM IMA
TDM
The E1 interface supports the loopback function on an interface, including local loopback and
remote loopback.
PPP on serial interfaces supports the following:
l
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MP

17

Product Description
6 Service Features
Service Features
About This Chapter

6.1 Ethernet Features
6.2 IP Features
6.3 Routing Protocol
6.4 MPLS
6.5 VPN Features
6.6 QoS
6.7 Load Balancing
6.8 Traffic Statistics
6.9 Security Features
6.10 IP RAN Features
6.11 Network Reliability
6.12 Clock
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Product Description
6 Service Features
6.1 Ethernet Features

6.1.1 Layer 2 Ethernet Features
On the ATN 980, Ethernet interfaces can work in switched mode at Layer 2 and support VLAN,
VPLS, and QoS services. Functioning as UNIs, Layer 2 Ethernet interfaces support MPLS VPN
services.
The ATN 980 provides the following Layer 2 Ethernet features:
l
Default VLAN
VLAN trunk
VLANIF interfaces
VLAN aggregation
Inter-VLAN port isolation
Ethernet sub-interfaces
VLAN aggregated sub-interfaces
Port number-based VLAN division
VLAN mapping
VLAN stacking
MAC address limit
Unknown unicast/multicast/broadcast suppression
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)/Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP)
RRPP with switching time less than 50 ms
6.1.2 Layer 3 Ethernet Features

The ATN 980 provides the following Layer 3 Ethernet features:
l
IPv4
IPv6
MPLS
Multicast
VLAN sub-interfaces
QoS
Ethernet sub-interfaces
VLAN aggregation sub-interfaces
6.1.3 QinQ Features

The ATN 980 provides abundant QinQ features to satisfy different networking requirements.
The QinQ features are as follows:
l
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Identification of double VLAN tags (inner VLAN tag and outer VLAN tag)
19

Product Description
6 Service Features
Change of the outer VLAN ID
Removal of double VLAN tags and then addition of new double VLAN tags
QinQ mapping for the outer VLAN tag
Change of the EtherType value and 802.1p priority in the outer VLAN tag; copy of the
802.1p priority in the inner VLAN tag to the outer VLAN tag of double-tagged packets
Traffic classification based on the 802.1p priorities in the outer VLAN tags of packets
Rate limit on interfaces based on the 802.1p priorities in both inner and outer VLAN tags
Interface-based QinQ
Interface-based QinQ is applicable to the following scenarios:
Access to a VPLS network to transparently transmit VLAN packets
Access to an L2VPN or PWE3 to transparently transmit VLAN packets
VLAN-based QinQ
QinQ termination
EType in the outer tag of QinQ packets used for interoperation with devices of other vendors
Multicast QinQ
QinQ-based VLAN swapping
VLAN stacking can be applied in the following scenarios:

Access to VPLS
Access to VLL or PWE3
6.1.4 Flexible Access to VPNs

In traditional access identification, user information or service information is identified through
a single tag or double tags. For example, the inner tag indicates user information and the outer
tag indicates service information. Different interfaces are configured with different double tags
to access different VPNs. In some scenarios, the access device does not support QinQ or a single
tag is used for multiple services. In this case, the access device may add service access
information to the 802.1p or DSCP field. Then, the ATN 980 connected to the access device
needs to use the 802.1p or DSCP value to identify access users. This helps configure the accesses
to different VPNs and set up different QoS scheduling policies.
6.1.5 RRPP Link Features

The Rapid Ring Protection Protocol (RRPP) supports the following functions:
l
Polling mechanism
Link status change notification
Mechanism of checking the channel status of the sub-ring protocol packets on the major
ring
6.1.6 RSTP/MSTP Features

The ATN 980 supports the following:
l
RSTP
MSTP
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20

Product Description
6 Service Features
MSTP provides BPDU protection to defend against such attacks. After the BPDU protection is
enabled, the switch shuts down the edge port that receives BPDUs. At the same time, the switch
informs the NMS of the situation. The edge port can be enabled by the network administrator.
ATN 980 can restrict the sending of Layer 2 and Layer 3 protocol packets such as RSTP and
DHCP through CP-CAR. This avoids influencing device performance.
6.1.7 BPDU Tunneling Features

The ATN 980 supports BPDU tunneling in the following modes:
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Port-based BPDU tunneling
VLAN-based BPDU tunneling
QinQ-based BPDU tunneling
VLL-based transparent transmission of BPDUs
VPLS-based transparent transmission of BPDUs
6.2 IP Features
6.2.1 IPv4 Features
The ATN 980 supports the following IPv4 features:
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TCP/IP protocol suite, including ICMP, IP, TCP, UDP, socket (TCP/UDP/Raw IP), and
ARP
Static DNS and specified DNS server
FTP server/client and TFTP client
DHCP relay agent and DHCP server
Suppression of DHCP flooding
Ping, tracert, and NQA

NQA can detect the status of ICMP, TCP, UDP, DHCP, FTP, HTTP, and SNMP services
and test the response time of the services. The system supports NQA in UDP jitter and
ICMP jitter tests by sending and receiving packets on LPUs. The minimum interval at which
packets are transmitted can be 10 ms. Each LPU supports up to 100 concurrent jitter tests.
The entire system supports up to 1000 concurrent jitter tests.
IP policy-based routing (PBR) and flow-based next hop to which packets are forwarded
IP PBR-based load balancing
Load balancing in unequal cost multiple path (UCMP) mode
Configuration of secondary IP addresses for all physical and logical interfaces

Each interface can be configured with a maximum of 255 secondary IP addresses with 31bit masks.
6.3 Routing Protocol

6.3.1 Unicast Routing
The ATN 980 supports the following unicast routing features:
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IPv4 routing protocols, including RIP, OSPF, IS-IS, and BGP4
IPv6 routing protocols, including Routing Information Protocol Next Generation (RIPng),
OSPFv3, IS-ISv6, and BGP4+
Static routes that are manually configured by the administrator to simplify network
configurations and improve network performance
Selection of the optimal route through the perfect routing policy
Import of routing information of other protocols
Use of routing policies in advertising and receiving routes and filtering of routes through
route attributes
Password authentication and MD5 authentication to improve network security
Restart of protocol processes through command lines
RIP-1 (classful routing protocol) and RIP-2 (classless routing protocol)
Advertisement of a default route from a RIP-enabled device to its peers and setting of the
metric of this route
RIP-triggered updates
Disabling a specified interface from sending or receiving OSPF or RIP packets
Association between OSPF and BGP
Association between OSPF and LDP
Fast OSPF convergence, which can be implemented in the following manners:

Adjusting the interval at which LSAs are sent
Enabling OSPF GR
Configuring BFD for OSPF
OSPF I-SPF and IS-IS I-SPF (I-SPF re-calculates only the affected routes of a shortest path
tree (SPT) rather the entire SPT)
OSPF PRC
OSPF calculation of link costs based on the reference bandwidth

Link costs can be manually configured or automatically calculated by the system based on
the reference bandwidth by using the following formula:
Link cost = Reference bandwidth/Interface bandwidth
The integer of the calculated result is the link cost. If the calculated result is smaller than
1, the cost is 1. The link cost can be changed by changing the reference bandwidth. By
default, the reference bandwidth of the ATN 980 is 100 Mbit/s. The value can be changed
to one in the range of 1 to 2147483648 in Mbit/s by running commands.
Two-level IS-IS in a routing domain
Association between IS-IS and LDP
IS-IS GR, OSPF GR and BGP GR, which ensure high reliability with Non-Stop Forwarding
(NSF)
BGP indirect next hop and dynamic update peer-groups
Policy-based route selection by BGP when there are multiple routes to the same destination
BGP route reflector (RR), which addresses the problem of high costs of full-mesh
requirement when there are many IBGP peers
Sending of BGP Update packets that carry no private AS number
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Route dampening, which suppresses unstable routes (unstable routes are neither added to
the BGP routing table nor advertised to other BGP peers)
Routing protocol
BGP fast convergence

The ATN 980 adopts a new route convergence mechanism and algorithm, which speeds
up convergence of BGP routes. The features are as follows:
Indirect next hop
On-demand route iteration
BGP load balancing in multi-homing networking
Non-Stop Routing (NSR)

The ATN 980 supports the following NSR modes:
IS-IS NSR
BGP NSR
The formula for calculating the bandwidth occupies by LSAs on interfaces in the same area is
as follows:
Assume that there are 10000 routes, Ethernet interfaces are used, and the MTU of the Ethernet
interfaces is 1500 bytes. In this case, the Ethernet frame header is of 24 bytes, and each LSA is
of 44 bytes. Each LSA carries information about a route.
(1500-24)/44=33. The preceding formula indicates that an Ethernet frame can carry information
about 33 routes. In this case, 303 Ethernet frames are required to carry information about 10000
routes.
6.3.2 Multicast Routing

The ATN 980 provides the following multicast features:
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Multicast protocols
Multicast protocols include the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) ( IGMPv1,
IGMPv2 and IGMPv3), Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode (PIM-DM), Protocol
Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM), Multicast Source Discovery Protocol
(MSDP), and Multi-protocol Border Gateway Protocol (MBGP).
Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF)
PIM-SSM
Anycast RP
IPv6 multicast routing protocols
IPv6 multicast routing protocols include PIM-IPv6-DM, PIM-IPv6-SM, and PIM-IPv6SSM.
MLD
Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) has the following versions:
MLDv1 defined in RFC 2710
MLDv1 supports Any-Source Multicast (ASM) directly and supports Source-Specific
Multicast (SSM) together with SSM mapping.
MLDv2 defined in RFC 3810
MLDv2 supports ASM and SSM directly.
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Multicast static routes
Configuration of multicast protocols on physical interfaces such as Ethernet, and Trunk

interfaces.
Filtering of routes based on the routing policy when the multicast routing module receives,
imports, or advertises multicast routes and filtering and forwarding of multicast packets
based on the routing policy when IP multicast packets are forwarded
Multicast VPN
The multicast domain (MD) scheme is used to implement this function.
Addition and deletion of dummy entries
Query of PIM neighbors and number of control messages
Filtering of PIM neighbors, control of the forwarding boundary, and control of the BSR
service and management boundary
Filtering and suppression of PIM Register messages
MSDP authentication
IGMP packet rate limiting and IGMP proxy
Prompt leave of IGMP and MLD group members and the use of group-policies to restrict
the setup of forwarding entries
Configuration of ACLs, including source address-based packet filtering, control of

multicast group number, setup of multicast forwarding entries, and Switch-MDT switching,
to ensure multicast security
Multicast group-based, multicast source-based, multicast source/group-based, stablepreferred, and balance-preferred load splitting
IGMP snooping
The ATN 980 supports IGMP snooping on Layer 2 interfaces, Layer 3 interfaces, QinQ
interfaces, STP topologies, RRPP rings, and VPLS PWs.
Multicast flow control

The ATN 980 discards or broadcasts unknown multicast packets in the VLAN to which
the receiving interface belongs. Unknown multicast packets are packets that have no
corresponding forwarding entries in the multicast forwarding table.
In addition, the ATN 980 restricts the maximum percentage of multicast flows on Ethernet
interfaces to control multicast traffic.
Multicast VLAN
The ATN 980 supports multicast VLAN and VLAN-based 1+1 protection of multicast
traffic.
Multicast VPN
For details, see section "6.5 VPN Features".
Multicast CAC
The ATN 980 supports multicast Call Admission Control (CAC). When multicast CAC
rules are configured, the number of multicast groups and bandwidth are restricted for IGMP
snooping on interfaces or the entire system.
6.4 MPLS
The ATN 980 supports MPLS features, and static and dynamic LSPs. Static LSPs require that
the administrator configure the Label Switch Routers (LSRs) along the LSPs and set up LSPs
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manually. Dynamic LSPs are set up dynamically in accordance with the routing information
through the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) and RSVP-TE.
The delay for MPLS packets can be controlled in the following aspects:
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In the case that there is no traffic congestion, the ATN 980 adopts a high-speed processor
to ensure line-rate forwarding and low delay.
In the case of traffic congestion, the ATN 980 ensures preferential forwarding and low
delay for traffic with high priority through mechanisms such as QoS, HQoS, MPLS TE,
and DS-TE.
MPLS is supported on all interfaces of the ATN 980.
Basic MPLS Functions

The ATN 980 supports the following MPLS functions:
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Basic MPLS functions, service forwarding, and LDP

MPLS distributes labels, sets up LSPs, and transfers parameters used for setting up LSPs.
A maximum of four MPLS labels
LDP
Downstream Unsolicited (DU) and Downstream on Demand (DoD) label advertisement
modes
Independent and ordered label distribution control modes
Liberal and conservative label retention modes
Loop detection mechanism by using the maximum number of hops and path vector
Basic discovery mechanism and extended discovery mechanism of LDP sessions
MPLS ping and tracert and detection of the availability of an LSP through the exchange of
MPLS Echo Request packets and MPLS Echo Reply packets
LSP bandwidth alarm function and LSP-based traffic statistics function that is used to
calculate bandwidth usage
Management functions such as the LSP loop detection mechanism
MPLS QoS, mapping from the ToS field in IP packets to the EXP field in MPLS packets,
and MPLS uniform, pipe, and short pipe modes
Static configuration of LSPs and label forwarding based on traffic classification
MPLS trap function
Association between LDP and IGP, which shortens traffic loss to the minimum through the
synchronization between the LDP status and IGP status in case of network faults
ATN 980 functioning as a Label Edge Router (LER) or an LSR

An LER is an edge device on an MPLS network that connects the MPLS network to other
networks. The LER classifies services, distributes labels, encapsulates or removes multilayer labels. When functioning as an egress, the ATN 980 supports PHP. That is, the ATN
980 allocates an explicit null label or an implicit null label to the penultimate hop.
An LSR is a core router on an MPLS network. The LSR switches and distributes labels.
Establishment of LSPs between ATN 980s of different IS-IS levels and between the ATN
980 and non-Huawei devices through LDP
MPLS supported by the ATN 980 complies with the following standards:
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RFC 3031
RFC 3032
RFC 3034
RFC 3035
RFC 3036
RFC 3037
The ATN 980 supports CR-LDP and RSVP-TE and can interoperate with non-Huawei
devices through CR-LDP or RSVP-TE.
MPLS TE
The MPLS TE technology combines the MPLS technology with traffic engineering. It can
reserve resources by setting up LSP tunnels for a specified path in an attempt to avoid network
congestion and balance network traffic.
In the case of resource scarcity, MPLS TE allows the preemption of bandwidth resources of
LSPs with low priorities. This meets the demands of important services or the LSPs with large
bandwidth. When an LSP fails or a node is congested, MPLS TE can ensure smooth network
communication through the backup path and the fast reroute (FRR) function. Through automatic
re-optimization and bandwidth adjustment, MPLS TE improves the self-adaptation capability
of tunnels and properly allocates network resources.
The process of updating the network topology through the TEDB is as follows: When a link
goes Down, the CSPF failed link timer is enabled. If the IGP route is deleted or the link is changed
within the timeout period of the CSPF failed link timer, CSPF deletes the timer and then updates
the TEDB. If the IGP route is not deleted or the link is not changed after the timeout period of
the CSPF failed link timer expires, the link is considered Up.
MPLS TE provides the following functions:
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Processing of static LSPs

MPLS can create and delete static LSPs, which require bandwidth but are manually
configured.
Processing of Constrained Route-Label Switched Path (CR-LSP) of various types and route
calculation through the CSPF algorithm
CR-LSPs are classified into the following types:

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RSVP-TE
RSVP authentication complies with RFC 3097.
Auto routing
Auto routing works in either of the following modes:
IGP shortcut: An LSP is not advertised to neighboring routers. Therefore, other routers
cannot use the LSP.
Forwarding adjacency: An LSP is advertised to neighboring routers. Therefore, other
routers can use the LSP.
Fast reroute (FRR)

The switchover through FRR is within 50 ms, which minimizes the data loss when network
faults occur.
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Auto FRR is an extension to MPLS TE FRR. You can create a bypass tunnel that meets
the requirement on the LSP by configuring the attributes of the bypass tunnel, global auto
FRR, and auto FRR on the interface of the primary tunnel. With the change of the primary
tunnel, the previous bypass tunnel is deleted automatically. Then, a new bypass tunnel that
meets the requirement is set up.
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Backup CR-LSP
The ATN 980 supports the following backup modes:
Hot backup
A backup CR-LSP is established immediately after the primary CR-LSP is established.
When the primary CR-LSP fails, MPLS TE switches traffic immediately to the backup
CR-LSP.
Ordinary backup
A backup CR-LSP is set up when the primary CR-LSP fails.
LDP over TE
In existing networks, not all devices support MPLS TE. It is possible that only the devices
at the network core support TE and the devices at the network edge use LDP. The
application of LDP over TE is therefore put forward. With LDP over TE, the TE tunnel is
considered as a hop of the entire LDP LSP. Through forwarding adjacency, one MPLE TE
tunnel can be considered as a virtual link and advertised to an IGP network.
Make-before-break
Make-before-break is a technology for ensuring highly reliable CR-LSP switchover. The
original path is not deleted until a new path has been created. Before a new CR-LSP is
created, the original CR-LSP is not deleted. After a new CR-LSP has been created, the
traffic is switched to the new CR-LSP first, and then the original CR-LSP is deleted. This
ensures non-stop traffic forwarding.
DS-TE
DS-TE implemented on the ATN 980 supports the Non-IETF mode and the IETF mode.
The Non-IETF (non-standard) mode supports two CTs (CT0 and CT1), eight priorities
(0-7), and two bandwidth constraint models (RDM and MAM).
The CT here refers to the class type of a corresponding service flow. The priority here
refers to the LSP preemption priority.
The IETF (standard) mode supports eight CTs (CT0 through CT7), eight priorities (0-7),
and three bandwidth constraint models (RDM, MAM, and Extended).
DS-TE supports TE FRR, hot standby, protection switchover, and CT-based traffic
statistics collection.
MPLS OAM
MPLS OAM functions are as follows:
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MPLS OAM detection

MPLS OAM sends CV/FFD and BDI packets along an LSP to be detected and its reverse
LSP to detect its connectivity.
OAM auto protocol
Protection switching
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6.5 VPN Features

6.5.1 Tunnel Policy
Tunnel policies are used to select tunnels according to destination IP addresses. Tunnels are
selected according to tunnel policies as required. If no tunnel policy is created, the tunnel
management module searches for a tunnel according to the default tunnel policy.
The ATN 980 supports the following tunnel policies:
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Tunnel policy in select-sequence mode

In this mode, you need to specify the sequence in which the tunnel types are selected and
the number of tunnels carrying out load balancing. If a tunnel listed earlier is Up, it is
selected regardless of whether other services have selected it. The tunnels listed later are
not selected except in case of load balancing or when the preceding tunnels are all Down.
VPN tunnel binding

VPN tunnel binding means that the peer end of the VPN on the PE of the VPN backbone
network is associated with a certain MPLS TE tunnel. The data from the VPN to the peer
PE is transmitted through the dedicated TE tunnel. The bound TE tunnel carries only
specified VPN services. This ensures QoS of the specified VPN services.
6.5.2 VPN Tunnel

The ATN 980 supports the following types of VPN tunnels:
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LSPs
TE tunnels
6.5.3 MPLS L2VPN

The ATN 980 provides L2VPN services over an MPLS network where the ISP can provide
L2VPNs over different media.
VLL
The ATN 980 supports the following VLL functions:
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Martini VLL
The Martini mode supports double labels. The inner label adopts extended LDP for
signaling in compliance with RFC 4096.
The type of VC FEC is 128. VC encapsulation types include 0x0004 Ethernet Tagged Mode,
0x0005 Ethernet, and 0x000B IP Layer2 Transport.
Kompella VLL
VC encapsulation types of Kompella VLL include Ethernet, PPP, VLAN, and IPinterworking.
Kompella VLL supports the local inter-board switching of packets in 802.1Q mode.
Kompella VLL supports inter-AS VPN.
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CCC VLL supports the local inter-board switching of packets in 802.1Q mode
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SVC VLL
VLL heterogeneous interworking

VLL heterogeneous IP-interworking is used when the link types of CEs on both ends of an
L2VPN link are different. In MPLS L2VPN heterogeneous IP-interworking, after receiving
a frame from a CE, a PE decapsulates the link-layer packet and transmits the IP packet
across an MPLS network. The IP packet is transparently transmitted to the peer PE. The
peer PE re-encapsulates IP packet according to its link layer protocol and transmits the
packet to the connected CE. The link-layer control packet sent by the CE is processed by
the PE and is not transmitted through the MPLS network. All non-IP packets such as MPLS
and IPX packets are discarded.
Transparent transmission of certain types of link layer protocol packets

Interfaces can be configured to transparently transmit certain types of link layer protocol
packets, such as BPDUs, STP packets, LLDP packets, UDLD packets, CDP packets, and
HGMP packets.
Inter-AS VLL
SVC VLL, Martini VLL, and Kompella VLL can implement inter-AS L2VPN Option
A (VRF-to-VRF).
Option B requires the switching of both inner and outer labels on the ASBR, and is
therefore not suitable for the VLL.
Option C is the best solution.
VLL over TE ECMP
VPLS
In a VPLS network, PEs can be all connected to each other and enabled with split horizon to
prevent Layer 2 loops.
The implementations of VPLS control plane through BGP and LDP are called Kompella VPLS
and Martini VPLS respectively.
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Kompella VPLS
Kompella VPLS has good scalability. With Kompella VPLS, BGP is adopted for signaling,
and VPN targets are configured to implement automatic discovery of VPLS members.
Therefore, the addition or deletion of PEs requires few additional operations.
Martini VPLS
Martini VPLS has poor scalability. With Martini VPLS, LDP is adopted for signaling, and
the peers of a PE need to be manually specified. PEs in a VPLS network are all connected
to each other. Therefore, adding a new PE requires configurations on all the other associated
PEs to be modified.A pseudo wire (PW) is actually a point-to-point link. This means that
using LDP to create, maintain, and delete the PW is more effective.
The ATN 980 supports the following VPLS functions:

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Access to the VPLS network in QinQ mode
HVPLS
IGMP snooping for VPLS
One MAC address space for each VSI
VPLS learns MAC addresses in the following modes:
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Unqualified mode: In this mode, a VSI can contain multiple VLANs sharing a MAC
address space and a broadcast domain. When learning MAC addresses, VPLS also needs
to learn VLAN IDs.
Qualified mode: In this mode, a VSI has only one VLAN, which has an independent
MAC address space and a broadcast domain. When learning MAC addresses, VPLS
does not need to learn VLAN IDs.
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VPLS/HVPLS equal-cost load balancing
Fast switching of multicast traffic
mVPLS
STP over PW
STP over VPLS
Transparent transmission of certain types of link layer protocol packets

Interfaces can be configured to transparently transmit certain types of link layer protocol
packets, such as BPDUs, STP packets, LLDP packets, UDLD packets, CDP packets, and
HGMP packets.
Ethernet loop detection
PWE3
The ATN 980 supports the following PWE3 functions:
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Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification PING (VCCV-PING)

The ATN 980 supports the manual LDP PW connectivity detection on the UPE, including
the connectivity of static PWs, dynamic PWs, single-hop PWs, and multi-hop PWs.
PW template
The ATN 980 supports the binding between a PW and a PW template, and the reset of PWs.
The ATN 980 supports heterogeneous interworking.
Currently, the ATN 980 supports the transparent transmission of the following packets
through PWE3: ATM AAL5 SDU VCC transport, Ethernet, ATM n-to-one VCC cell
transport, IP Layer 2 transport, and ATM one-to-one VCC cell mode.
PW redundancy
ATM IWF
ATM IWF runs on an L2VPN in CCC local connection mode or an L2VPN in PW mode.
The ATN 980 supports the circuit emulation service (CES) by using Pseudo-Wire
Emulation Edge to Edge (PWE3).
The CES is classified into the Structure-aware TDM Circuit Emulation Service over Packet
Switched Network (CESoPSN) and Structure-Agnostic TDM over Packet (SAToP)
service.
6.5.4 BGP/MPLS L3VPN

The ATN 980 supports MPLS/BGP L3VPN, providing an end-to-end VPN solution for carriers.
Carriers can provide VPN services for users as a new value-added service. The ATN 980 supports
the following BGP/MPLS L3VPN functions:
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Static routes, BGP, RIP, OSPF, or IS-IS running between a CE and a PE
Carrier's carrier
Inter-AS VPN
The ATN 980 supports the following inter-AS VPN solutions described in RFC 2547bis:
VPN instance to VPN instance, also called Inter-Provider Backbones Option A
In Option A, sub-interfaces connecting the Autonomous System Boundary Routers
(ASBRs) manage VPN routes.
EBGP redistribution of labeled VPN-IPv4 routes, also called Inter-Provider Backbones
Option B
In Option B, ASBRs advertise labeled VPN-IPv4 routes to each other through MPEBGP.
Multihop EBGP redistribution of labeled VPN-IPv4 routes, also called Inter-Provider
Backbones Option C
In Option C, PEs advertise labeled VPN-IPv4 routes to each other through Multihop
MP-EBGP.
Multicast VPN
IPv6 VPN
The ATN 980 supports the following IPv6 VPN networking solutions:
Intranet VPN
Extranet VPN
Hub&Spoke
Inter-AS or multi-AS backbones VPN
Carriers' carrier
HoVPN
Resource reservation VPN (RRVPN)
Multi-role host
6.6 QoS
On the ATN 980, you can collect traffic statistics on the packets on which QoS is performed
and view the statistics result through corresponding display commands.
The ATN 980 supports the following QoS functions:
Diff-Serv Model
Multiple service flows can be aggregated into a Behavior Aggregate (BA) and then processed
based on the same Per-Hop Behavior (PHB). This simplifies the processing and storage of
services.
On the Diff-Serv core network, packet-specific QoS is provided. Therefore, signaling processing
is not required.
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Simple Traffic Classification

Currently, the ATN 980 supports simple traffic classification not only on physical interfaces and
sub-interfaces but also on logical interfaces such as member interfaces of VLANIF and trunk
interfaces.
Complex Traffic Classification

The ATN 980 performs complex traffic classification based on the following information:
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Layer 2 and Layer 3 information of packets
Source MAC address, destination MAC address, link layer protocol number, and 802.1p
value (of tagged packets) in the Ethernet frame header; IP precedence, DSCP, or ToS value,
source IP address prefix, destination IP address prefix, protocol number, fragmentation
flag, TCP SYN flag, TCP/UDP source port number or port range, and TCP/UDP destination
port number or port rang of IPv4 packets
Information carried in IPv6 packets
In addition to physical interfaces, traffic classification can be performed on logical

interfaces, including sub-interfaces and trunk interfaces.
Traffic Policing
CAR is mainly used for rate limit. In the implementation of CAR, a token bucket is used to
measure the data flows that pass through the interfaces on a router so that only the packets
assigned with tokens can go through the router in the specified time period. In this manner, the
rates of both incoming and outgoing traffic are controlled. In addition, the rate of certain types
of data flows can be controlled based on the information such as the IP address, port number,
and priority. Rate limit is not performed on the data flows that do not meet the specified
conditions, and such data flows are forwarded at the original interface rate.
CAR is mainly implemented at the edge of a network to ensure that core devices on the network
process data properly. The ATN 980 supports CAR for both incoming and outgoing traffic.
Queue Scheduling
The ATN 980 supports FIFO, PQ, and WFQ for queue scheduling on interfaces.
The ATN 980 maps packets of different priorities to different queues and adopts Round Robin
(RR) on each interface for queue scheduling.
Priority Queues (PQs) are classified into four types: top PQs, middle PQs, normal PQs, and
bottom PQs. They are ordered in descending order of priorities. When packets leave queues, PQ
allows the packets in the top PQ to go first. Packets in the top PQ are sent as long as there are
packets in this PQ. The ATN 980 sends packets in the middle PQ only when all packets in the
top PQ are sent. Similarly, the ATN 980 sends packets in the normal PQ only when all packets
in the middle PQ are sent; the ATN 980 sends packets in the bottom PQ only when all packets
in the normal PQ are sent. As a result, the packets in the PQ of a higher priority are always sent
preferentially, which ensures that packets of key services are processed preferentially when the
network is congested. Packets of common services are processed when the network is idle. In
this manner, the quality of key services is guaranteed, and the network resources are fully
utilized.
Weight Fair Queuing (hereinafter referred to as WFQ) is a complex queuing process, which
ensures that the services with the same priority are fairly treated and the services with different
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priorities are weighted. The number of WFQ queues can be pre-set and is allowed to range from
16 to 4096. WFQ weights services based on their requirements for the bandwidth and delay. The
weights are determined by the IP precedence in the IP packet headers. With WFQ, the ATN
980 implements dynamic traffic classification based on quintuples or ToS values. The packets
with the same quintuple (source IP address, destination IP address, source port number,
destination port number, and protocol number) or ToS value belong to the same flow. Packets
in one flow are placed in one queue through the Hash algorithm. When flows enter queues, WFQ
automatically places different flows into different queues based on the Hash algorithm. When
flows leave queues, WFQ allocates bandwidths to flows on the outbound interface based on
different IP precedence of the flows. The smaller the precedence value of a flow, the smaller the
bandwidth of the flow. In this manner, services of the same precedence are treated fairly; services
of different precedence are treated based on their weights.
Congestion Avoidance
Congestion avoidance is a traffic control mechanism used to avoid network overload by adjusting
network traffic. With this mechanism, the ATN 980 can monitor the usage of network resources
(such as queues and buffers in the memory) and discard packets when the network congestion
intensifies.
Random Early Detection (RED) or Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED) algorithms are
frequently used in congestion avoidance.
The RED algorithm sets the upper and lower limits for each queue and specifies the following
rules:
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When the length of a queue is below the lower limit, no packet is discarded.
When the length of a queue exceeds the upper limit, all the incoming packets are discarded.
When the length of a queue is between the lower and upper limits, the incoming packets
are discarded randomly. A random number is set for each received packet, and the random
number is compared with the drop probability of the current queue. The packet is discarded
when the random number is larger than the drop probability. The longer the queue, the
higher the drop probability. The drop probability, however, has an upper limit.
Unlike RED, the random number in WRED is based on the IP precedence of IP packets. WRED
keeps a lower drop probability for the packets that have a higher IP precedence.
RED and WRED employ the random packet drop policy to avoid global TCP synchronization.
The ATN 980 adopts WRED to implement congestion avoidance.
The ATN 980 supports congestion avoidance in both inbound and outbound directions of an
interface. The WRED template is applied in the outbound direction; the default scheduling policy
in the system is applied in the inbound direction. In addition, WRED can be applied to the
Multicast Tunnel interface (MTI) that is bound to the distributed multicast VPN on the ATN
980.
The ATN 980 supports congestion avoidance based on services. The ATN 980 reserves on each
interface eight service queues, that is, BE, AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4, EF, CS6, and CS7. The ATN
980 colors packets with red, yellow, and green to identify the priorities of packets and discard
certain packets.
HQoS
The ATN 980 supports the following HQoS functions:
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Provides five levels of scheduling modes to ensure diverse services.
Sets parameters such as the maximum queue length, WRED, low delay, SP/WRR, CBS,
PBS, and statistics function for each queue.
Sets parameters such as the CIR, PIR, number of queues, and algorithm for scheduling
queues for each user.
Provides the traffic statistics function. Users can learn the bandwidth usage of services and
properly distribute the bandwidth by analyzing traffic.
Supports HQoS in the VPLS, L3VPN, VLL, and TE scenarios.
Supports interface-based, VLAN-based, user-based, and service-based HQoS.
QoS for Ethernet

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Layer 2 simple traffic classification

The ATN 980 performs simple traffic classification according to the 802.1p field in VLAN
packets. On the ingress PE, the 802.1p priority in a Layer 2 packet is mapped to the
precedence defined by the upper layer protocol, such as the IP DSCP value or the MPLS
EXP value. In this manner, Diff-Serv is implemented for the packets on the backbone
network. On the egress PE, the precedence of the upper layer protocol is mapped back to
the 802.1p priority.
QinQ simple traffic classification

In the QinQ implementation, the 802.1p values in both inner and outer VLAN tags need to
be detected. The ATN 980 can detect the 802.1p value by the following means:
Ignores the 802.1p value in the inner VLAN tag and sets a new 802.1p value in the outer
VLAN tag.
Automatically converts the 802.1p value in the inner VLAN tag into the 802.1p value
in the outer VLAN tag.
Sets a new 802.1p value in the outer VLAN tag according to the 802.1p value in the
inner VLAN tag.
Based on the preceding methods and the mapping of the inner VLAN tag to the outer VLAN
tag, QinQ supports 802.1p re-marking in the following modes:
Specifying a given value.
Adopting the 802.1p value in the inner VLAN tag.
Mapping the 802.1p value in the inner VLAN tag to the 802.1p value in the outer VLAN
tag. The 802.1p values in multiple inner VLAN tags of different packets can be mapped
to the 802.1p value in one outer VLAN tag; whereas the 802.1p value in one inner
VLAN tag cannot be mapped to the 802.1p values in multiple outer VLAN tags of
different packets.
MPLS HQoS
MPLS QoS is a complete L2VPN/L3VPN QoS solution. It resorts to various QoS techniques to
meet the diversified and delicate QoS demands of VPN users. MPLS QoS provides relative QoS
on the MPLS Diff-Serv network and end-to-end QoS on the MPLE TE network. In actual
applications, the following QoS policies are supported.
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MPLS Diff-Serv applied to an L2VPN/L3VPN
MPLS TE applied to an L2VPN/L3VPN
MPLS DS-TE applied to an L2VPN/L3VPN
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VPN-based QoS applied to the network side of an L2VPN/L3VPN
6.7 Load Balancing

In a scenario where there are multiple equal-cost routes to the same destination, the ATN 980
can balance traffic among these routes. The ATN 980 provides equal-cost load balancing and
unequal-cost load balancing, which can be selected as required. In equal-cost load balancing
mode, traffic is evenly load-balanced among different routes. In unequal-cost load balancing
mode, traffic is load-balanced among different routes based on the proportion of bandwidth of
each interface.
Equal-Cost Load Balancing

The ATN 980 can implement equal-cost load balancing on the traffic transmitted through the
member links of an IP-Trunk or an Eth-Trunk. When there are multiple equal-cost routes to the
same destination, the ATN 980 can evenly balance traffic among these routes.
Load balancing can be implemented in session-by-session mode.
Unequal-Cost Load Balancing

The ATN 980 supports the following unequal-cost load balancing modes:
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Load balancing based on routes

When the costs of different direct routes are the same, you can configure a weight for each
route for load balancing.
Load balancing based on interfaces

For an IP-Trunk or an Eth-Trunk, you can configure a weight for each member link for
load balancing.
Load balancing based on link bandwidth for IGP

In this mode, unequal-cost session-by-session load balancing is performed on the outbound
interfaces of paths carrying out load balancing. The proportion of traffic transmitted along
each path is approximate to or equal to the proportion of bandwidth of each link. This mode
fully considers the link bandwidth. In this manner, the case that links with low bandwidth
are overloaded whereas links with high bandwidth are idle does not exist.
The ATN 980 can balance traffic between physical interfaces or between physical interfaces and
logical interfaces. In addition, the ATN 980 can detect the changes of logical interface bandwidth
due to manual configuration of new member links or the status changes of member links. When
the bandwidth of a logical interface changes, traffic is automatically load-balanced based on the
new bandwidth proportion.
6.8 Traffic Statistics

The ATN 980 collects the statistics on access services for various users with multiple statistic
functions. The traffic statistics functions are as follows:
The traffic statistics functions are as follows:
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Helps carriers analyze the traffic model of the network.
Provides reference data for carriers to deploy and maintain Diff-Serv TE.
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Supports traffic-based accounting for non-monthly rental users.
URPF Traffic Statistics

The ATN 980 collects statistics on the forwarded traffic based on URPF and the traffic discarded
during the URPF check.
ACL Traffic Statistics

The ATN 980 supports the ACL traffic statistics function. When the created ACLs are applied
to QoS and PBR, the ATN 980 can collect statistics based on ACLs after the ACL traffic statistics
function is enabled. The ATN 980 also provides commands to query the number of matched
packets and bytes.
CAR Traffic Statistics

The ATN 980 provides diverse QoS functions such as traffic classification, traffic policing
(CAR), and queue scheduling. For these specific functions, the ATN 980 provides the following
QoS traffic statistics functions:
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In traffic classification, the system can collect statistics on the traffic that matches rules
and fails to match rules.
The traffic statistics function for traffic policing is implemented in the following manners:
Collects the statistics on the total traffic that matches the CAR rule.
Collects the statistics on the traffic that is permitted or discarded by the CAR rule.
Supports the interface-based traffic statistics.
Supports interface-based CAR traffic statistics when the same traffic policy is applied
to different interfaces.
HQoS Traffic Statistics

The ATN 980 can collect the following HQoS traffic statistics:
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Statistics on the number of forwarding packets, bytes, and discarded packets of a user queue
which includes eight flow queues of different priorities
Statistics on the number of forwarded packets, bytes, and discarded packets of a user group
queue
Statistics on the number of forwarded packets, bytes, and discarded packets of eight queues
of different priorities on an interface
Interface-Based Traffic Statistics

Traffic statistics can be collected on all interfaces, including physical interfaces, sub-interfaces,
loopback interfaces, null interfaces, logical channel interfaces, and virtual Ethernet interfaces.
Statistics on IPv4 and IPv6 packets, including unicast packets, multicast packets, and broadcast
packets, can also be collected.
Statistics on all protocol packets that are supported can be collected, such as MPLS packets,
ARP packets, IGP packets, BGP packets, PIM packets, and DHCP packets.
The ATN 980 uses the 64-bit register to store the interface-based traffic statistics. For example,
the register can store the traffic statistics on a 10G interface for 58.5 years.
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VPN Traffic Statistics

On a VPLS network, the ATN 980, functioning as a PE, can collect statistics on incoming and
outgoing traffic of L2VPN users that are connected to the ATN 980.
On an L3VPN, the ATN 980, functioning as a PE, can collect statistics on incoming and outgoing
traffic of various types of access users. The access users include:
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Users that access the network through interfaces including logical interfaces
Multi-role hosts
Users that access the network through the VPLS/VLL
When MPLS HQoS services are configured, the ATN 980, functioning as an ingress PE,
can collect statistics on the traffic that is sent by the network side.
Traffic Statistics on TE Tunnels

The ATN 980, functioning as a PE on an MPLS TE network, can collect statistics on incoming
and outgoing traffic of a tunnel. When a VPN is statically bound to a TE tunnel, the ATN 980
can collect statistics on traffic of each RRVPN over the TE tunnel and the total traffic over the
TE tunnel.
Statistics can be collected on traffic of each CT on a DS-TE tunnel.
6.9 Security Features

Security Authentication
The ATN 980 supports the following security authentication functions:
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AAA
Plain text authentication and MD5 encrypted text authentication supported by routing
protocols that include RIPv2, OSPF, IS-IS, and BGP
MD5 encrypted text authentication supported by LDP and RSVP
SNMPv3 encryption and authentication
URPF
The ATN 980 supports URPF for IPv4/IPv6 traffic.
MAC Address Limit

The ATN 980 supports the following MAC address limit functions:
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Limit on the number of MAC addresses that can be learned
Limit on the speed of MAC address learning
Limit on interface-based MAC address learning
Limit on PW-based MAC address learning
Limit on VLAN+interface-based MAC address learning
Limit on interface+VSI-based MAC address learning
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Limit on QinQ-based MAC address learning
MAC entries in a MAC address table are classified into three types:
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Dynamic entries
Dynamic entries are learnt by interfaces and stored in hardware of LPUs. Dynamic entries
age. Dynamic entries will be lost in the case of the system reset, LPU hot swap, or LPU
reset.
Static entries
Static entries are configured by users and delivered to LPUs. Static entries do not age. After
static entries are configured and saved, they are not lost in the case of the system reset, LPU
hot swap, or LPU reset.
Blackhole entries
Blackhole entries are used to filter out the data frames that contain specific destination
MAC addresses. Blackhole entries are configured by users and delivered to LPUs.
Blackhole entries do not age. After blackhole entries are configured and saved, they will
not be lost in the case of the system reset, LPU hot swap, or LPU reset.
MAC Entry Deletion

The ATN 980 provides the following MAC entry deletion functions:
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Interface+VSI-based MAC entry deletion
Interface+VLAN-based MAC entry deletion
Trunk-based MAC entry deletion
Outbound QinQ interface-based MAC entry deletion
Unknown Traffic Limit

With the unknown traffic limit, the ATN 980 implements the following operations on a VPLS
or Layer 2 network:
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Manages user traffic.

Boards that are not LPUI-41s or LPUF-100s manage only the traffic of VSI and VLAN
users.
Allocates bandwidth to users.
In this manner, the network bandwidth is reasonably used and the network security is guaranteed.
IGMP Snooping
The ATN 980 supports IGMP snooping on Layer 2 interfaces, Layer 3 interfaces, QinQ
interfaces, STP topologies, RRPP rings, and VPLS PWs.
DHCP Snooping
DHCP snooping is mainly used to prevent DHCP Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, bogus DHCP
server attacks, ARP middleman attacks, and IP/MAC spoofing attacks when DHCP is enabled
on the ATN 980.
The working mode of DHCP snooping varies with the attack type, as shown in Table 6-1.
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Table 6-1 Attack types and DHCP snooping working modes

Attack Type
DHCP Snooping Anti-Attack Working

Mode
DHCP exhaustion attack
MAC address limit
Bogus DHCP server attack
Trusted/untrusted
Middleman attack and IP/MAC spoofing

attack
DHCP snooping binding table
DoS attack by changing the value of the

Client Hardware Address (CHADDR) field
Check on the CHADDR field in DHCP packets
Local Attack Defense

The ATN 980 provides a uniform local attack defense module to manage and maintain the attack
defense policies of the whole system, thus offering an all-around attack defense solution that is
operable and maintainable to users.
The ATN 980 supports the following attack defense functions:
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Whitelist
Blacklist
CPU Total CAR
IGMP VLAN CAR
User-defined flow
Active link protection (ALP)

The ATN 980 protects the TCP-based application-layer data such as session data with the
whitelist function.
Uniform configuration of CAR parameters

The ATN 980 provides the following methods of configuring CAR parameters:
Same CAR parameters configured on different LPUs
Same configuration interface for users
Configuration of protocol-specific CAR parameters, making the user interface more
friendly
Smallest packet compensation

The ATN 980 can efficiently defend the network against the attacks of small packets with
the smallest packet compensation function. After receiving packets, the system checks the
lengths of packets before sending them to the CPU.
If the packet length is smaller than the preset minimum packet length, the system
calculates the sending rate with the pre-set minimum length.
If the packet length is greater than the pre-set minimum packet length, the system
calculates the sending rate with the actual packet length.
Association between the application layer and lower layers
Local URPF
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Management and service plane protection
Defense against TCP/IP packet attacks
6 Service Features
The ATN 980 provides defense measures against attacks by sending the following types
of packets on TCP/IP networks:
Malformed packets
Null IGMP packets, packets with invalid TCP flag bits, LAND attack packets, IP packets
whose payloads are null, and smurf attack packets.
Fragmented packets
Packets with a huge number of fragments or packets that have a large offset value,
repetitive fragmented packets, tear Drop, syndrop, nesta, fawx, bonk, NewTear, Rose,
ping of death, and Jolt attacks
TCP SYN
UDP flood
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Attack source tracing

When the ATN 980 is attacked, it obtains and stores suspicious packets, and then displays
the packets in a certain form through command lines or offline tools. This helps locate the
attack source easily.
When attacks occur, the system automatically removes the data encapsulated at upper layers
of the transmission layer and then caches the packets in memory. When there are a certain
number of packets in the cache, for example, 20000 packets on each LPU, the earliest
cached packets are overridden when more packets are cached.
GTSM
On the current network, attackers forge valid packets to attack routers, which overloads the
routers and consumes limited resources such as the CPU on the MPU. For example, an attacker
forges BGP protocol packets and continuously sends them to a router. After the LPU of the
router receives the packets, it finds that the packets are destined to itself and then sends the
packets directly to the BGP processing module on the MPU without checking the validity of the
packets. As a result, the system is abnormally busy processing these forged valid packets and
the CPU usage is high.
To guard against the preceding attacks, the ATN 980 provides the Generalized TTL Security
Mechanism (GTSM). The GTSM protects services above the IP layer by checking whether the
TTL value in the IP header is within a specified range. In actual applications, the GTSM is mainly
used to protect the TCP/IP-based control plane such as the routing protocol against attacks of
the CPU-utilization type such as CPU overload.
The ATN 980 supports BGP GTSM, OSPF GTSM, and LDP GTSM.
ARP Attack Defense

The ATN 980 supports the following ARP attack defense functions:
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Interface-based ARP entry restriction
Timestamp suppression based on the destination IP address and source IP address of an

ARP packet
The destination address check for the ARP packet
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The system checks whether the destination IP address of the ARP packet received on the
interface is correct. If the destination IP address is correct, the packet is sent to the CPU;
otherwise, the packet is discarded.
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ARP bidirectional isolation
Filtration of invalid ARP packets

The ATN 980 filters out the following types of ARP packets:
Invalid ARP packets
Invalid ARP packets include ARP request packets with the destination MAC addresses
being unicast addresses, ARP request packets with the source MAC addresses being
non-unicast addresses, and ARP reply packets with the destination MAC addresses
being non-unicast addresses.
Gratuitous ARP packets
ARP request packets with valid MAC addresses
You can use commands to filter out one or more previously mentioned invalid packets.
Local Mirroring
In local mirroring, an LPU can be configured with a physical observing port, multiple logical
observing ports, and multiple mirrored ports.
Local mirroring can be inter-LPU mirroring, which means that the observing port and mirrored
port reside on different LPUs.
Remote Mirroring
The ATN 980 provides MPLS LSPs, MPLS TE tunnels for remote mirroring.
In remote mirroring, an LPU can be configured with multiple observing ports and mirrored ports.
In remote mirroring, mirroring packets can be intercepted.
SSHv2
The ATN 980 supports the STelnet client and server and the SFTP client and server. Both support
SSH 1.5 and SSH 2.0.
6.10 IP RAN Features

PNP
Plug-and-Play (PNP) enables new devices to be automatically identified by the NMS and be
commissioned remotely by using the NMS.
On an IP RAN network deployed with a large number of devices, the device deployment costs,
especially the costs of on-site software commissioning, are high. This greatly harms the growth
of profits. To address this issue, Huawei puts forward the PNP solution.
The PNP feature effectively reduces the on-site software commissioning time, frees engineers
from working in bad outdoor environments, and greatly speeds up the project process and
improves project quality.
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Y.1731
Y.1731 supports the following functions:
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Single-ended frame loss statistics collection, two-ended frame loss statistics collection,
one-way frame delay, two-way frame delay and one-way jitter
VLL Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) and VPLS AIS
Multicast MAC ping
MPLS-TP OAM
MPLS-TP OAM supports the following functions:
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Basic connectivity detection
LoopBack (LB)
Remote Defect Indication (RDI)
Single-ended frame loss statistics collection and two-ended frame loss statistics collection
One-way frame delay and two-way frame delay
APS 1:1
6.11 Network Reliability

NSR
ATN 980supports the following techniques of Non-Stop Routing (NSR).
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NSR OSPF
NSR LDP
NSR RSVP-TE
NSR PIM
NSR PPP
NSR ARP
NSR LACP
NSR for L2VPN
NSR for L3VPN
ISIS/ISIS6 NSR
BGP/BGP4+ NSR
Multicast (PIM/MSDP) NSR
NSR for IPv6
APS
The ATN 980 supports the following Automatic Protection Switching (APS) functions:
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1+1 unidirectional mode, 1+1 bidirectional modeand 1:1 bidirectional mode
Manual switching of APS groups
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Forcible switching of APS groups
Locking of traffic on the working link of an APS group
Interface-based APS
Intra-LPU or inter-LPU APS
Inter-device APS, that is, Enhanced APS (E-APS)Including APS 1+1 and APS 1:1
Addition of the working and protect interfaces of an APS group to a trunk so that all services
are configured on the trunk
FRR
The ATN 980 provides multiple fast reroute (FRR) features. You can deploy FRR as required
to improve network reliability.
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IP FRR
FRR switching can be complete in 50 ms. In this manner, the data loss caused by network
failures is minimized to a great extend.
FRR supported by the ATN 980 enables the system to monitor and save the status of LPUs
and interfaces in real time and to check the status of interfaces during packet forwarding.
When faults occur on an interface, the system can rapidly switch the traffic to another preset route, thus reducing time between failures and the packet loss ratio.
LDP FRR
LDP FRR switching can be complete in 50 ms.
TE FRR
TE FRR is an MPLS TE technology used to protect local networks. Only the interfaces
with a transmission rate of over 100 Mbit/s support TE FRR. TE FRR switching can be
complete within 50 ms. It can minimize data loss when network failures occur.
TE FRR protects traffic only temporarily. When the protected LSP becomes normal or a
new LSP is established, traffic is switched back to the original protected LSP or the newly
established LSP.
When a link or a node on the LSP fails, traffic is switched to the protection link and the
ingress node of the LSP attempts to establish a new LSP, if an LSP is configured with TE
FRR.
With different protected objects, TE FRR is classified into the following types:
Link protection
Node protection
Auto FRR
Auto FRR is an extension of MPLS TE FRR. It automatically creates a bypass tunnel that
meets the requirements for the LSP through the configuration of the attributes of the bypass
tunnel, global auto FRR attributes, and interface-based auto FRR attributes on the interface
of the primary tunnel. When the primary tunnel changes to another path, the previous bypass
tunnel is automatically deleted. Then, a bypass tunnel that meets the requirements is set up.
VLL FRR
VLL FRR switching can be complete in 50 ms.
VPN FRR
VPN FRR switching can be complete in 50 ms.
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Backup of Key Parts

The ATN 980 can be equipped with one MPU or two MPUs. The MPUs support hot backup. If
the device is configured with two MPUs, the master MPU works and the slave MPU is in the
standby state. The management network interface on the slave MPU cannot be accessed by users,
and the console and AUX interfaces cannot be configured with any command. The slave MPU
exchanges information (including heartbeat messages and backup data) with only the master
MPU.
The system supports two types of master/slave switchover of MPUs: failover and switchover.
The failover is triggered by serious faults in the master MPU or the reset of the master MPU.
The switchover is triggered by commands that are run on the console interface. You can also
forbid the master/slave switchover of the MPUs by using commands on the console interface.
The system generates alarms, records the faults in the log file, and reports the alarms to the NMS.
The cause of the master/slave switchover and the associated operations are recorded in the system
diagnosis information base for users to analyze.
The system provides two clock boards in master/slave backup mode. If the system detects that
the master clock board becomes faulty or is reset through a command, the system automatically
performs the master/slave switchover of clock boards. The master/slave switchover of clock
boards does not result in phase offsets or interrupt services.
The master/slave switchover time of each key part is less than 100 us.
High Reliability of LPUs

The ATN 980 supports backup of key service interfaces of the same type through protocols.
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Supports VRRP on Ethernet interfaces. With extended VRRP, two interfaces located on a
same ATN 980 or two ATN 980s can back up each other. This ensures high reliability of
the interfaces.
Supports backup of Eth-Trunk member interfaces, or backup of Eth-Trunk or IP-Trunk

member interfaces and non-member interfaces.
Supports the bundling of interfaces on different LPUs into a trunk.

You can access different LPUs through double links and bundle interfaces on different
LPUs into a trunk to ensure high reliability of services.
Inter-LPU bundling is implemented by high-performance hardware engines, thus ensuring
load balancing of packets among different links.
The Hash algorithm based on the combination of the source and destination IP addresses
load-balances traffic evenly on links.
Seamless switchover is implemented in the case of a link failure so that services are
forwarded without interruption.
Through extended protocols, the ATN 980 backs up key service interfaces. In this manner, core
routers can monitor and back up the running status of interfaces when they carry LAN, MAN,
or WAN services. Therefore, the routing table is not affected when the status of the backup
interface needs to be changed and services recover rapidly.
Transmission Alarm Suppression

Transmission alarm suppression can efficiently filter and suppress alarm signals. This prevents
interfaces from frequently flapping. In addition, transmission alarm customization enables the
control over the impact brought by alarms on the interface status.
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Transmission alarm customization and suppression implement the following functions:

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Customizes alarms. This can specify the alarms that can cause the change of the interface
status.
Suppresses alarms. This can filter out the burr and prevent the network from frequently
flapping.
Ethernet OAM Fault Management

Ethernet OAM fault management includes the following functions:
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Ethernet in the First Mile OAM (EFM OAM)

Conforming to IEEE 802.3ah, the ATN 980 supports point-to-point Ethernet fault
management to detect faults in the last mile of the direct link on the user side of the Ethernet.
Currently, the ATN 980 supports OAM discovery, link monitoring, remote fault
notification, and remote loopback, as defined in IEEE 802.3ah.
Connectivity Fault Management OAM (CFM OAM)

The following describes end-to-end Ethernet fault management in two aspects.
Hierarchical MD
Each MD has a level that ranges from 0 to 7. The greater the value, the higher the level.
The 802.1ag packets from a low-level MD are discarded when entering a high-level
MD. The 802.1ag packets from a high-level MD can be transmitted through a low-level
MD.
End-to-end fault detection and location
The ATN 980 realizes end-to-end Ethernet fault management by conforming to IEEE
802.1ag or not.
The ATN 980 supports MAC ping and MAC trace by transmitting Loop Back (LB) and
Link Trace (LT) messages defined in IEEE 802.1ag to locate faults.
Fault detection and location not conforming to IEEE 802.1ag include general MAC ping
and general MAC trace.
VRRP
VRRP dynamically associates the virtual router with a physical router that carries services. When
the physical router fails, another router is elected to take over services. Failover is transparent
to users and thus the internal network and the external network can communicate without
interruption.
The ATN 980 supports the following VRRP functions:
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mVRRP
VGMP
E-VRRP
VRRP For IPv6
GR
Graceful Restart (GR) is a key technology in implementing HA. It is designed based on NSF.
GR switchover and subsequent restart can be performed by the administrator or triggered by
faults. GR neither deletes the routing information from the routing table or the FIB nor resets
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the board during the switchover when faults occur. This prevents the service interruption of the
entire system.
The ATN 980 supports system-level GR and protocol-level GR. Protocol-based GR includes:
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BGP GR
OSPF GR
IS-IS GR
MPLS LDP GR
Martini VLL GR
Martini VPLS GR
L3VPN GR
RSVP GR
PIM GR
BFD
BFD is a detection mechanism used uniformly in an entire network. It is used to rapidly detect
and monitor the connectivity of links or IP routes in a network.
BFD sends detection packets at both ends of a bidirectional link to check the link status in both
directions. The defect detection is implemented at the millisecond level. The ATN 980 supports
single-hop BFD and multi-hop BFD.
BFD of the ATN 980 supports the following applications.
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BFD for VRRP

The system uses BFD to detect and monitor the connectivity of links or IP routes in a
network. The rapid VRRP switchover is thus triggered.
BFD for FRR

BFD for LDP FRR
LDP FRR switchover is triggered after BFD detects faults on protected interfaces.
BFD for IP FRR and BFD for VPN FRR
IP FRR and VPN FRR are triggered after BFD detects faults and reports fault
information to the upper layer applications.
BFD for static routes
BFD for IS-IS

The ATN 980 supports detection on the IS-IS adjacency by using the BFD session that is
configured statically.
BFD detects the fault of the link between the adjacent IS-IS nodes and rapidly reports the
fault to IS-IS. Thus fast convergence of IS-IS routes is performed.
BFD for OSPF/BGP

The ATN 980 supports OSPF and BGP in dynamically setting up and deleting the BFD
session.
BFD for PIM

BFD detection on IP-Trunks and Eth-Trunks
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On the ATN 980, BFD can detect a trunk and the member links of the trunk independently.
That is, it can detect the connectivity of the trunk and that of an important member link of
the trunk.
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BFD for LSP

BFD for LSP performs fast fault detection of the LSP, the TE tunnel, and the PW. In this
manner, BFD for LSP implements fast switchover of MPLS services such as VPN FRR,
TE FRR, and VLL FRR.
BFD for Dot1q sub-interface
BFD for mVSI
Multi-hop BFD
BFD For IPv6

BFD for OSPFv3, BFD for ISISv6, BFD for BGP4+, and BFDv6 for default IPv6
BFD for VPLS PW
BFD for VPLS/VLL PW
VPLS over LDP FRR/FW unicast
6.12 Clock
The ATN 980 supports the following clock features:
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Ethernet clock synchronization
The Ethernet interfaces of the ATN 980 provide Ethernet clock synchronization so that the
clock quality and stratum of the network can be guaranteed.
1588v2
The 1588v2 feature:
Supports the input and output of the externally synchronized time.
Supports 10M/100M/1000M/10G Ethernet interfaces and auto sensing of 10M/100M/
1000M Ethernet interfaces.
Supports Eth-Trunk.
Supports OC, BC, E2ETC, P2PTC, E2ETCOC, P2PTCOC and TCandBC.
Allows the ATN 980 to function as a GrandMaster.
Supports slave-only when functioning as an OC.
Supports the dynamic BMC algorithm.
Supports two delay measurement methods: Delay and PDelay
Supports one-step mode and two-step mode in which 1588v2 packets that are used by
1588v2 devices to perform time synchronization are timestamped..
Supports multicast MAC encapsulation (the VLAN and 802.1p priority are
configurable).
Supports multicast UDP encapsulation (the source IP address, VLAN, and DSCP
priority are configurable).
Supports unicast MAC encapsulation (the destination MAC, VLAN, and 802.1p priority
are configurable).
Supports the performance monitoring function on Passive ports of a 1588v2 device.
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Product Description
6 Service Features
Supports unicast UDP encapsulation (the source IP address, destination IP address,

destination MAC, VLAN, and DSCP priority are configurable).
Uses the clock recovered through the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) as the clock source
and supports the algorithm for dynamic clock source selection (based on the priority
and clock stratum).
Implements clock recovery that complies with G.813.
Implements frequency recovery that meets the requirements of the SDH equipment
clock (SEC) in G.823.
l
SDH Clock synchronization

The CPOS interface, E1 interface, and WAN interface on the ATN 980provide clock
synchronization so that the clock quality and stratum of the network can be guaranteed.
1588 ACR
Supports frequency synchronization only.
Supports the change of selected clock sources.
Supports unicast UDP encapsulation (and the DSCP field).
Complies with Recommendation G.8261 in terms of service modeling and networking
and performs clock recovery with accuracy that is prescribed by G.823.
Supports 1588v2 header overlapping without affecting forwarding capabilities.
Supports switchover between master and slave MPUs/SRUs without affecting services.
Supports hot swapping of LPUs and sub-cards.
Network Time Protocol (NTP) clock

The ATN 980 supports the following working modes of NTPv4:
Server/client mode
Peer mode
Broadcast mode
Multicast mode
The ATN 980 supports two NTP security mechanisms:
Access authority
The ATN 980 provides four levels of access control. After receiving an NTP access
request packet, the ATN 980 matches it from the lowest access control level to the
highest access control level. The first successfully matched access control level takes
effect. The matching order is as follows:
peer: indicates the minimum access control. The remote end can send a time request
and a control query to the local end. The local clock can also be synchronized with the
clock of the remote server.
server: indicates that the remote end can send a time request and a control query to the
local end. The local clock, however, is not synchronized with the clock of the remote
server.
synchronization: indicates that the remote end can only send a time request to the local
end.
query: indicates the maximum access control. The remote end can only send a control
query to the local end.
Authentication
When configuring NTP authentication, note the following rules:
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Product Description
6 Service Features
The NTP authentication must be configured on both the client and the server; otherwise,
the authentication does not take effect. If NTP authentication is enabled, keys must be
configured and declared reliable.
The server and the client must be configured with the same key.
l
Internal clock
The ATN 980 provides an internal clock and can extract clock information from LPUs.
The clock precision reaches 4.6 ppm, that is, 0.00002s.
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Product Description
7 Applicable Environment
Applicable Environment
About This Chapter

7.1 Typical ATN Application on the FMC MAN
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Product Description
7 Applicable Environment
7.1 Typical ATN Application on the FMC MAN

The typical application of the ATN on the network is shown in Figure 7-1. ATNs are deployed
at the access layer on the FMC MAN, and they can also be deployed at the access points that
bear services of a large volume to access multiple services. ATNs can be used to construct an
efficient IP RAN network in the times of ALL IP.
Figure 7-1 Typical application of the ATN on the FMC MAN
DSL
SR/BRAS
DSLAM
Fiber
Enterprise
GE/10GE Ring
Single
Metro
RNC
I n t e rn e t
Node B
Fiber
Internet
POP
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Product Description
8 Operation and Maintenance
Operation and Maintenance
About This Chapter

8.1 System Configuration Modes
8.2 System Management and Maintenance
8.3 Device Running Status Monitoring
8.4 HGMP
8.5 System Service and Status Tracking
8.6 System Test and Diagnosis
8.7 NQA
8.8 In-Service Debugging
8.9 Upgrade Features
8.10 License
8.11 Other Operation and Maintenance Features
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Product Description
8.1 System Configuration Modes

The ATN 980 supports two configuration modes: command line configuration and NMS
configuration.
You can configure the ATN 980 by using command lines through the following:
l
Console interface
Auxiliary (AUX) port
Telnet
As a command input interface, the console interface can send command lines to the control plane.
As a debugging interface, the console interface can receive debugging information from the
control plane and data plane, and deliver debugging commands and control commands.
The NMS configuration supports the configuration through the SNMP-based NMS.
8.2 System Management and Maintenance

The ATN 980 provides powerful system management and maintenance functions:
l
Board detection, hot swap detection, Watchdog, board resetting, RUN indicator and
debugging indicator control, fan and power supply control, master/slave switchover
control, and version query
Local and remote loading and upgrade of software and data, and functions such as version
rollback, backup, saving, and clearing of version information
Hierarchical user authority management, operation log management, command line online
help, and comments after the commands
Supports inband and outband NMS interfaces.
Three user authentication modes: local authentication, RADIUS authentication, and

HWTACACS authentication, which authenticate and authorize users through command
lines and SNMP.
Plug and Play
Multi-user operation
Query on Layer 2 or Layer 3 interfaces
Hierarchical management, alarm classification, and alarm filtering
Support of the shutdown and undo shutdown commands on interfaces and optical modules
8.3 Device Running Status Monitoring

The running status of the ATN 980 can be monitored through the information center.
Syslog is a sub-function of the information center. Syslog is over UDP. It outputs log information
to the log host through port 514.
The information center receives and processes the following types of information:
l
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Log information
53

Product Description
Debugging information
Trap information
Information is classified into eight severity levels. The lower the level, the higher the severity.
The following table shows the detailed information.
Lev
el
Seve
rity
Description
Emer
gency
A fatal exception occurs on the device. The system is unable to function

properly and must be restarted. For example, the device is restarted due to
program exceptions or memory usage errors are detected.
Alert
A serious exception occurs on the device, which requires immediate actions.

For example, the memory usage of the device reaches the upper threshold.
Critic
al
A critical exception occurs on the device, which needs to be handled and

analyzed. For example, the memory usage exceeds the alarm threshold; the
temperature exceeds the alarm threshold; and Bidirectional Forwarding
Detection (BFD) detects that a device is unreachable or detects error messages
generated by the local device.
Error
Improper operation is performed or abnormal process occurs on the device,

which does not affect subsequent services but requires attention and cause
analysis. For example, users enter incorrect commands or passwords; error
protocol packets are received by other devices.
Warn
ing
An abnormality that may cause the device to malfunction occurs on the

device, which requires attention. For example, a routing process is disabled
by the user; BFD detects packet loss; and error protocol packets are detected.
Notic
e
A key operation is performed to keep the device running normally. For

example, the user runs the shutdown command on the interface, a neighbor
is discovered, and the protocol state machine changes status.
Infor
matio
nal
A routine operation is performed. For example, the user runs a display

command.
Debu
gging
A routine operation is performed, which requires no action.
The information center supports 10 channels, of which channels 0 through 5 each have a default
channel name. By default, the six channels correspond to six directions in which information is
output. The log information on the CF card is output to log files through Channel 9 by default.
This means that a total of seven default output directions are supported.
When multiple log hosts are configured, you can configure log information to be output to
different log hosts through one channel or multiple channels. For example, you can configure
some log information to be output to a log host through Channel 2 (loghost), and some log
information to a log host through Channel 6. In addition, you can change the name of Channel
6 to implement the desired channel management.
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Product Description
The ATN 980 stores all alarms in a log file, and provides the CF card to store the log file. How
long the alarms can be stored depends on the number of the alarms. Generally, the alarms can
be stored for months.
8.4 HGMP
The ATN 980 supports the Huawei Group Management Protocol (HGMP). HGMP is a cluster
management protocol developed by Huawei.
HGMP is used to group Layer 2 devices that are connected to the ATN 980 into a unified
management domain, that is, a cluster. HGMP supports automatic collection of network
topologies and provides integrated maintenance and management channels. In this manner, a
cluster uses only one IP address for external communications, simplifying device management
and saving IP addresses.
8.5 System Service and Status Tracking

The ATN 980 provides the following functions for tracking system services and status:
l
Monitors the change of the state machine of routing protocols.
Monitors the change of the state machine of MPLS LDP.
Monitors the change of the state machine of a VPN.
Monitors the types of protocol packets sent by the forwarding engine to the control plane
and displays detailed information about packets by enabling debugging.
Detects and collects the statistics on malformed packets.
Supports HGMP.
Displays a notification when the processing of abnormality starts.
Collects the statistics on the resources used by each feature.
8.6 System Test and Diagnosis

The ATN 980 supports the debugging of running services, including online recording of key
events, packet processing, packet parsing, and status switching of services at specified time,
which serves as powerful support for device commissioning and networking. Debugging can be
enabled or disabled through the console interface for specific service (information about a
routing protocol) or specific interface (information about a routing protocol on a specific
interface).
The ATN 980 provides the system-based trace function to detect and diagnose running software,
online recording of important events such as task switchover and interruption, queue reading
and writing, and system abnormality. If the system is restarted after a fault occurs, the ATN
980 can read trace information that functions as a reference for fault location. Trace can be
enabled and disabled through commands on the console interface.
In addition, the ATN 980 supports real-time query about CPU usage of the MPU and LPU.
Debugging and trace information provided by the ATN 980 is classified into different levels.
Sensitive information with different levels can be output to different destinations as configured.
For example, information can be output to the console interface, Syslog server, or SNMP agent
to trigger traps.
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Product Description
When voice services on the network deteriorate, or mosaics appear in some videos, the ATN
980 may have sent or received incorrect packets or have lost packets. You can capture packets
to locate the problems. The packet capture function can be used to capture the packets sent to
the CPU, and the packets forwarded in the inbound or outbound direction. Compared with the
port mirroring function, the packet capture function is easier and faster to configure.
8.7 NQA
The ATN 980 supports Network Quality Analysis (NQA).NQA measures the performance of
different protocols running on the network. In that case, carriers can collect the operation index
of networks in real time, such as:
l
Total delay of the HTTP
Delay in TCP connection
Delay in DNS resolution
File transmission speed
Delay in FTP connection
DNS resolution error ratio Taking control of these indexes, carriers can provide network
services of different levels and charge differently. NQA is also an effective tool for
diagnosing and locating a network fault.
NQA supports the following functions:

l
PWE3 tracert
Multicast ping
Multicast tracert
CE-ping (ping the host from a VPLS PW)
VPLS MAC ping and VPLS MAC trace
VPLS MAC purge and VPLS MAC populate
LSP ping, LSP tracerout, and MPLS jitter
Verification of DNS functions through DISMAN-NSLOOKUP-MIB
NMS management over all NQA functions through NQA-MIB
Transmission of consecutive 3000 simulated voice packets in one test
Minimum transmission intervals at 10 ms
8.8 In-Service Debugging

The ATN 980 provides port mirroring to map specific traffic to a certain monitoring interface.
In this case, in-service debugging can be performed for the advanced maintenance engineers to
debug and analyze the operation status of the network.
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Product Description
8.9 Upgrade Features

In-Service Upgrade
The ATN 980 supports in-service upgrade of software. At the same time, the ATN 980 provides
online patching for the system software. You can upgrade only the features that need to be
improved.
One-Command System Upgrade

The upgrade process of the ATN 980 is optimized. You can use one command to complete the
upgrading. Thus, you can save time. During the upgrading process, the progress is displayed.
After the upgrading is complete, you can view the results.
Software Version Rollback

During the upgrading process, if the system fails to start by using the new system software, the
system software in the last successful startup is adopted.
The rollback function provided by the ATN 980 prevents the services from being affected by
the failure in system upgrade.
8.10 License
With the variation of the ATN 980 software functions and higher ratio of software cost occupying
the overall cost, the current service mode cannot satisfy the development requirements of
customers and carriers.
l
Common users need to reduce the purchase cost.
Upgrade and expansion users need to effectively control the capacity and functions.
To satisfy the requirements of different users, the ATN 980 needs to implement the flexible
authorization to service modules.
For the authorization control of service modules, the ATN 980 provides the License
authorization management platform through the Global Trotter License (GTL). Through the
License authorization mode:
l
Common users can purchase service modules as required and reduce the purchase cost.
Upgrade and expansion users can expand the capacity, and support and maintain the
functions by applying for a new License.
8.11 Other Operation and Maintenance Features

The ATN 980 supports the following configuration features in addition to the preceding features:
l
Provides hierarchical commands to prevent unauthorized users from logging in to a device.
Users can type in a question mark "?" to obtain online help.
Provides detailed debugging information to diagnose network faults.
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Product Description
Provides DosKey-like functions to run a history command.
Provides command line descriptors for partial match of keywords not conflicting with
keywords of other command lines. For example, you can enter "disp" for the display
command.
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Product Description
9 NMS
NMS
SNMP
The ATN 980 supports device operation and management by the network management station
through SNMP.
The ATN 980 supports SNMPv1, SNMPv2c, and SNMPv3.
l
SNMPv1
SNMPv1 supports community name-based and MIB view-based access control.
SNMPv2c
SNMPv2c supports community name-based and MIB view-based access control.
SNMPv3
SNMPv3 inherits the basic functions of SNMPv2c, defines a management frame, and
introduces a User-based Security Model (USM) to provide a more secure access control
mechanism for users.
SNMPv3 supports user groups, user group-based access control, user-based access control,
and authentication and encryption mechanisms.
NMS
The ATN 980 adopts Huawei iManager U2000 network management system. It supports
SNMPv1/v2c/v3 and the client/server architecture. The network management system can run
independently on many operation systems, such as Windows NT/2000/XP, UNIX (Sun, HP, and
IBM). The ATN 980 also provides a multi-lingual graphical user interface.
LLDP
The Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is a Layer 2 protocol defined in IEEE 802.1ab.
LLDP specifies that the status information is stored on all interfaces and the device can send its
status to the neighbor stations. The interfaces can also send information about changes in the
status to the neighbor stations as required. The neighbor stations then store the received
information in the standard SNMP MIB. The NMS can search for Layer 2 information in the
MIB. As specified in the IEEE 802.1ab standard, the NMS can also discover unreasonable Layer
2 configurations based on information provided by LLDP.
When LLDP runs on the devices, the NMS can obtain Layer 2 information about all the devices
to which it connects and detailed network topology information. This is helpful to the rapid
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Product Description
9 NMS
expansion of the network and acquirement of detailed network topologies and changes. LLDP
also helps discover unreasonable configurations on networks and reports the configurations to
the NMS. This removes incorrect configurations in time.
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Product Description
10
10 Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronyms and Abbreviations
A
AAA
Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
AAL5
ATM Adaptation Layer 5
AC
Access Controller
ACL
Access Control List
AF
Assured Forwarding
ANSI
American National Standard Institute
AP
Access Point
ARP
Address Resolution Protocol
ASBR
Autonomous System Boundary Router
ASIC
Application Specific Integrated Circuit
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AUX
Auxiliary (port)
B
BE
Best-Effort
BGP
Border Gateway Protocol
BGP4
BGP Version 4
Issue 02 (2011-08-12)
CAR
Committed Access Rate
CBR
Constant Bit Rate
CE
Customer Edge
61

Product Description
CHAP
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
CoS
Class of Service
CPU
Center Processing Unit
CR-LDP
Constrained Route - Label Distribution Protocol
D
DAA
Destination Address Accounting
DC
Direct Current
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DNS
Domain Name Server
DS
Differentiated Services
E
EACL
Enhanced Access Control List
EF
Expedited Forwarding
EMC
EElectroMagnetic Compatibility
F
FCC
Fast Channel Change
FE
Fast Ethernet
FEC
Forwarding Equivalence Class
FIB
Forward Information Base
FIFO
First In First Out
FR
Frame Relay
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
G
GE
Gigabit Ethernet
GRE
Generic Routing Encapsulation
GTS
Generic Traffic Shaping
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Product Description
HA
High availablity
HDLC
High level Data Link Control
HTTP
Hyper Text Transport Protocol
I
iVSE
Integrated Value-added Service Engine
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol
IDC
Internet Data Center
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force
IGMP
Internet Group Management Protocol
IGP
Interior Gateway Protocol
IP
Internet Protocol
IPoA
IP Over ATM
IPTN
IP Telephony Network
IPTV
Internet Protocol Television
IPv4
IP version 4
IPv6
IP version 6
IPX
Internet Packet Exchange
IS-IS
Intermedia System-Intermedia System;
ISP
Interim inter-switch Signaling Protocol
ITU
International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication

Standardization Sector
Issue 02 (2011-08-12)
LAN
Local Area Network
LCD
Liquid Crystal Display
LCP
Link Control Protocol
LDP
Label Distribution Protocol
LER
Label switching Edge Router
LPU
Line Processing Unit
LSP
Label Switched Path
LSR
Label Switch Router

63

Product Description
M
MAC
Media Access Control
MBGP
Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol
MD5
Message Digest 5
MIB
Management Information Base
MP
Multilink PPP
MPLS
Multi-protocol Label Switch;
MSDP
Multicast Source Discovery Protocol
MSTP
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
MTBF
Mean Time Between Failures
MTTR
Mean Time To Repair
MTU
Maximum Transmission Unit
N
NLS
Network Layer Signaling
NP
Network Processor
NTP
Network Time Protocol
NVRAM
Non-Volatile Random Access Memory
O
OSPF
Open Shortest Path First
Issue 02 (2011-08-12)
PAP
Password Authentication Protocol
PE
Provider Edge
PFE
Packet Forwarding Engine
PIC
Parallel Interference Cancellation
PIM-DM
Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode
PIM-SM
Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode
POP
Point Of Presence
POS
Packet Over SDH/SONET

64

Product Description
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol
PQ
Priority Queue
PT
Protocol Transfer
PVC
Permanent Virtual Channel
Q
QoE
Quality of Experience
QoS
Quality of Service
R
RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial in User Service
RAM
Random-Access Memory
RED
Random Early Detection
RFC
Requirement for Comments
RH
Relative Humidity
RIP
Routing Information Protocol
RMON
Remote Monitoring
ROM
Read Only Memory
RP
Rendezvous Point
RPR
Resilient Packet Ring
RSVP
Resource Reservation Protocol
RSVP-TE
RSVP-Traffic Engineering
Issue 02 (2011-08-12)
SAP
Service Advertising Protocol
SCSR
Self-Contained Standing Routing
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDRAM
Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
SFU
Switch Fabric Unit
SLA
Service Level Agreement
SNAP
SubNet Attachment Point
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol

65

Product Description
SONET
Synchronous Optical Network
SP
Strict Priority
SPI4
SDH Physical Interface
SSH
Secure Shell
STM-16
SDH Transport Module -16
SVC
Switching Virtual Connection
T
TCP
Transfer Control Protocol
TE
Traffic Engineering
TFTP
Trivial File Transfer Protocol
TM
Traffic Manager
ToS
Type of Service
TP
Topology and Protection packet
U
UBR
Unspecified Bit Rate
UDP
User Datagram Protocol
UNI
User Network Interface
UTP
Unshielded Twisted Pair
Issue 02 (2011-08-12)
VBR-NRT
Non-Real Time Variable Bit Rate
VBR-RT
Real Time Variable Bit Rate
VC
Virtual Circuit
VCI
Virtual Channel Identifier
VDC
Variable Dispersion Compensator
VLAN
Virtual Local Area Network
VLL
Virtual Leased Line
VPI
Virtual Path Identifier
VPLS
Virtual Private LAN Service
VPN
Virtual Private Network

66

Product Description
VRP
Versatile Routing Platform
VRRP
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
Issue 02 (2011-08-12)
WAN
Wide Area Network
WFQ
Weighted Fair Queuing
WRED
Weighted Random Early Detection
WRR
Weighted Round Robin

67

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2011. All rights reserved.

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About This Document

About This Document

HUAWEI ATN 980 Multiservice Access Equipment

Network planning engineers

Hardware installation engineers

Data configuration engineers

On-site maintenance engineers

Network monitoring engineers

System maintenance engineers

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About This Document

Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not

Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save

Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement

Changes in Issue 02 (2011-08-12)

Operation and Maintenance

Changes in Issue 01 (2011-05-30)

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HUAWEI ATN 980 Multi-service Access Equipment

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HUAWEI ATN 980 Multi-service Access Equipment

6.5 VPN Features....................................................................................................................................................28

8 Operation and Maintenance......................................................................................................52

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About This Chapter

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

HUAWEI ATN 980 Multi-service Access Equipment

1.1 Product Positioning

1.2 Product Features

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HUAWEI ATN 980 Multi-service Access Equipment

flexibility and transmission efficiency, helps construct reliable carrier-class packet

ATN980s are managed by a U2000, which is a visual network management system to

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About This Chapter

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2.1 Physical Architecture

Power distribution system

Functional host system

Heat dissipation system

Network management system

2.2 Logical Architecture

Control and management plane

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