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Wifi-Nc: Wifi Over Narrow Channels

WiFi-NC is a new radio design that uses one radio to simultaneously transmit and receive over multiple narrow channels rather than a single wide channel. This allows for higher efficiency, better spectrum utilization, and fair coexistence between wide and narrow channel devices. Key challenges in the design include managing self-interference leakage between channels and dealing with increased processing requirements. Evaluation on a testbed showed WiFi-NC can achieve close to maximum throughput on a single link and outperforms existing approaches in non-contiguous spectrum like TV white spaces.

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Powei Chang
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76 views21 pages

Wifi-Nc: Wifi Over Narrow Channels

WiFi-NC is a new radio design that uses one radio to simultaneously transmit and receive over multiple narrow channels rather than a single wide channel. This allows for higher efficiency, better spectrum utilization, and fair coexistence between wide and narrow channel devices. Key challenges in the design include managing self-interference leakage between channels and dealing with increased processing requirements. Evaluation on a testbed showed WiFi-NC can achieve close to maximum throughput on a single link and outperforms existing approaches in non-contiguous spectrum like TV white spaces.

Uploaded by

Powei Chang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WiFi-NC: WiFi over Narrow Channels

Krishna Chintalapudi, Boidar Radunovi


Vlad Balan, Michael Buettner,
Vishnu Navda, Ram Ramjee, Srinivas Yerramalli

Radically New Radio Design


Conventional Radio

WiFi-NC Radio

One radio uses one channel


(20/40/80 MHz) at a time

One radio simultaneously uses


several narrow channels

Conventional
Radio

20
MHz

Either transmits/receives from


one device at a time
A

WiFi-NC
Radio

5MHz
5MHz
5MHz
5MHz

Simultaneously transmits and


receives from several devices
A
B

Benefits: Efficiency, Coexistence, Non-contiguous spectrum access

MOTIVATION FOR WIFI-NC

Trends in Wireless

Trend 1: Increase in encoding rates (e.g. MIMO)


Trend 2: Increase in bandwidths
Trend 3: Non-contiguous spectrum access

10x Data Rate 10x Throughput


To allow
fair access

Medium
Access
(101.5s)
DIFS

At 54 Mbps Efficiency = 60%


Preamble

Data (1500 Bytes at 54Mbps)

(20
s)

(224 s)

SIFS ACK
(44 s)

Efficiency decreases with


Datarates
increasing data
To prepare
the receiver

Medium
Access
(101.5s)
DIFS

Acknowledge
receipt of
packet

Receiver
Gets ready
To xmit ACK

SIFS ACK
(20 (20
s) s)

(44 s)

At 600 Mbps Efficiency = 10%

High Efficiency in WiFi-NC

20
MHz
5
4 rate
3 low data
2
Use
several
narrow channels instead of
WiFi-NC : Many low data rate narrow channels
one wide channel

1
2
3
4
5

20
MHz

Coexistence Breaks with Wider Channels

20
Node A
(40 MHz)

B backs off to
let A access
but A cannot
since C is still
transmitting

Node B
(20 MHz)

40
20
Node C
(20 MHz)

B
C

Wide channels and narrow


backs off to
channelsClet
cannot
coexist in WiFi
A access

A can only transmit


when both B and C are
not transmitting

but A cannot
since B is still
transmitting

Node A Starves!

Current Standards are Inefficient


Backward compatible mode :
In 802.11n, a/c upon detecting a narrow band
device reduce channel width
Avoids starvation but inefficient

20
Node A
(80 MHz)

Node B

20

(20 MHz)

80

Node A

20

(80 MHz)

Node B
(20 MHz)

20 20

Node C

Node C

(20 MHz)

(20 MHz)

Coexistence in WiFi-NC

20
Node A
(80 MHz)

Node B

(20 MHz)

B
C

20

A
B

A
C

A
A

Node C
(20 MHz)

80 MHz = 4 independent 20 MHz


40 MHz = 2 independent 20 MHz
Independent
Use wider channelstransmit, receive, CCA
All
Morenodes
Hz -> Higher
rate!
havedata
fair
access in all parts of the spectrum!

WiFi NC with Fragmented Spectrum


In Whitespaces spectrum is
fragmented
Contiguous chunk of 20, 40 or 80
MHz may not be available

Freq
(MHz)

TV
10 MHz
TV

Time

WiFi-NC
Transmits around by using
independent channels

Better use of non-contiguous


spectrum

Freq
(MHz)

WiFi-NC
TV
WiFi-NC
10 MHz
TV
WiFi-NC

Time

DESIGN OF WIFI-NC

Design Issues
Q: Why not a bunch of narrow band radios on each device?
Form-factor and cost

Guard Bands :
Radios need large guardbands
between channels

3 5MHz 3 5MHz 3 5MHz 3 5MHz 3

Power

5 x 4 = 20 MHz requires
3 x 5 = 15 MHz guards
43% spectral wastage!

Guard Band

Radio 1

Radio 2

Frequency

Radio 3

Radio 4

Key Innovation : The Compound Radio


Conventional Radio
Creates narrow channels
using digital signal
processing

Digital Baseband
MIMO, OFDM,
Viterbi, QAM64

D
A
C

Channelization

Advantages
Allows for extremely narrow
guardbands (100Khz)
Digital Ckts - low cost and
ease of implementation

Amenable to gains due to


Moores law

Analog Radio
Front End

Compound Radio
Digital Baseband
Digital
channelization

D
A
C

Analog Radio
Front End

Design Challenge : Self Interference Leakage


In order to create a channel
Transmit Filters to ensure there is not leakage into adjacent channels
Receive Filters to receive only intended transmission
Power

Self
Interference

-20dbm

Self
Interference

-40dbm

C
Digital Elliptic Filters

-85dbm

60 dB

-100dbm
Noise Floor
Frequency (MHz)

Self Interference : Around -20 dbm


Interference Leakage at 100 KHz Guardband : Around -40 dbm
Noise Floor : Around -100 dbm
Isolation needed : 60 dB

Other Design Challenges


2. Filter Induced Multipath
Sharp filters cause spreading in time
similar to multipath
Use longer symbols/equilizers
3. Slot Dilation due to Dilated Preamble
Information travels slower in narrow channels
May result in increased slot widths
Speculative transmissions (WiFi-Nano)
Use a separate preamble for CCA

4. Processing Overheads
Having multiple receive paths can lead
to excessive processing requirements
Use fractional data rate processing

Preamble
MIMO

Sync

600 Mbps 40 MHz Channel


MIMO

Data

600 Mbps 5 MHz Channel


Packet
Narrow
Processing
Channel
Narrow
Packet
Channel
Processing
Subsampler

5. ADC Bit Limitations


ADC should have enough resolution to detect weak signals during self-interference
Use analogue self interference cancellation

PERFORMANCE OF WIFI-NC

Narrow Band Wide Band Co-existence


16 QAM, Rate

Mbps

Wide Band T2

Narrow Band T1
Individual
Transmissions

T1 and T2
Sharing

Avoiding Starvation
16 QAM, Rate

15
A1 Agg

Node A2
Node A1
(WiFi)
(WiFi-NC)

B
Mbps

Node B

A1 A1

A2
Node C

WiFi

WiFi-NC

Efficiency of a single link on WiFi-NC on Testbed

600 Mbps
100%

Performance of WiFi-NC in WhiteSpaces

Gains due to
non-contiguous
operation

Gains due to
Narrow channels

State-of-art (WhiteFi)
WiFi-NC (Contiguous)
WiFi-NC

No of Contending secondary Devices

THANK YOU

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