Herder Jewish Encyclopedia
Herder Jewish Encyclopedia
Herder Jewish Encyclopedia
Henschel
Herder
the so-called " Hep 1 Hep 1" riots of 1819 at Frankfort- HERALDRY. See COAT OF ARMS.
on-the-Main and along the Rhine (see Gratz, " Gesch."
HERBS. See BOTANY.
xi. 357); e.g., on Aug. 2, 1819, by anti-Semitic stuHERCZEGHY, MORIZ : Hungarian physician
dents at Witrzburg as a term of reproach to Professor
Brendel of that university, who had written in favor and author; born in Budapest Aug. 19, 1815; died
of the Jews. The students themselves claimed that in Vienna Dec. 23, 1884. He studied medicine in
the word was derived from "Hierosolyma est per- Budapest and Vienna, and afterward took part in the
dita "; others claim that it is a contraction for " He- Revolution of 1848 in the latter city. He went from
briler," while a further attempt has been made to Vienna to Paris, and thence in 1860 to Italy, where
derive it from " Hab! Hab! " The brothers Grimm, he became chief physician in Garibaldi's army. He
in their dictionary, trace it from a call to animals in returned to Hungary in 1865, but left again in 1868
the Franconian district, especially to the goat, and for Constantinople, where for eight years he acted as
suggest that it was applied to Jews because of their chief military physician. Being severely wounded
beards. Their earliest quotation is from W. Hauff during the Russo-Turkish war, he had to give up
(1802-27). A person named Brouse is stated to have his practise, and then traveled in Europe and in the
been condemned to three months' imprisonment for East.
The more important of Herczeghy'sliterary works
having used the expression against a Jew and his
wife ("Arch. Isr." 1848, p. 47). During the anti- deal with political topics, and include: "Weder
Semitic movement in Germany a pamphlet appeared Deutsch noch Russisch, Sondern Oesterreichisch,"
in favor of the Jews with the title " Hepp 1 Hepp I Vienna, 1849; "Das Bombardement des Ftirsten
Silsssaure Stockerei in 1 Vorschrei und 7 Gejohlen " Windischgratz zu Prag," ib. 1849; "Mein Tagebuch
(Jacobs, "The Jewish Question," No. 25). The ex- 1848-50," ib. 1850; "Memoires sur Mon Sejour a
pression has since become a synonym for an out- Paris," Milan, 1853. He wrote also treatises on crebreak against the Jews, and is thus used by George tinism (1864) and on epidemics (1874).
Herczeghy's chief work, however, was a sociologEliot in her essay " The Modern He-1 Hep! Hep 1"
in " Impressions of Theophrastus Such." It is stated ical study on the woman question, published in
that on some occasions in 1819 the Jews replied to French (Paris, 1864) and in Hungarian (Budapest,
the cry of " Hep! Hep 1" with the similarly sounding 1883).
one of " Jep! Jep!" meaning " Jesus est perditus " BIBLIOGRAPHY : Pallas Lex.
("Notes and Queries," 4th series, iii. 580).
s.
L. V.
J.
HERCZEL, MANd DE SZENTP^TERI:
HEPHER: 1. A son of Gilead (Num. xxvi. 32, Hungarian physician; born in Szegedin July 1,
xxvii. 1; Josh. xvii. 2-3). The clan was known as 1861; studied successively in his native city, in
the Hepherites (Num. xxvi. 32). 2. One of David's Ujvidek, in Budapest, in Vienna, in Strasburg, and
captains (I Chron. xi. 36). 3. Member of the tribe in Paris. After having taken his degree of M.D.
of Judah (I Chron. iv. 6). 4. Royal city of the (1884), he practised for two years in Nothnagel's
Canaanites, the site of which is unknown (Josh. xii. clinic in Vienna, and was thereafter for five years
17; comp. I Kings iv. 10).
assistant to Czerny at Heidelberg, where in 1889 he
became privat-docent in surgery. In 1892 he was
K. a. II.
M. Sc.
HEPHZI-BAH (m~>xan, " my delight in her "): appointed chief of the Szt. Istvan Hospital in Buda1. Name to be borne by the restored Jerusalem (Isa. pest. His specialty is the treatment of diseases of
lxii. 4), in token that God will not abandon it. 2. the kidneys.
Herczel is the author of the following works:
Name of the queen of King Hezekiah and mother
"Ueber die Wirkung des Anilin, Acetanilin und
of Manasseh (II Kings xxi. 1).
Kampheranilin," Vienna, 1887; "Ueber Operative
E. G. H.
M. SEL.
HEPNER, ADOLF: German-American jour- Behandlung der Nierensteine," Vienna, 1887;
nalist; born at Schmiegel, Posen, Nov. 24, 1846; "Ueber die Operative Fixation der Wanderniere,"
educated at the gymnasium at Lissa, the rabbinical Vienna, 1892; "Ueber Grosse Defecte der Blasenseminary at Breslau, and the universities of Breslau Scheidewand," Vienna, 1894.
In 1902 Herczel was elevated by Emperor Francis
and Berlin.
He became a socialist in 1868, and two years later Joseph I. to the Hungarian nobility, and he assumed
was associated with Liebknecht and Bebel in editing the name of "Szentpeteri."
a socialistic paper at Leipsic. Soon afterward he BIBLIOGRAPHY : Szinnyel, Magyar Irbk Elete.
was accused with them of high treason, but was acs.
L. V.
quitted in 1872. Being expelled from Leipsic in
HERDER, JOHANN GOTTFRIED VON:
the following year, he removed to Breslau, and be- German Protestant theologian, poet, and writer;
came a publisher, but failed in business.
born at Mohrungen, East Prussia, Aug. 25, 1744;
In 1882 Hepner emigrated to the United States, died at Weimar Dec. 21, 1803. He studied theology,
and in 1886 settled in St. Louis, Mo., where he is philosophy, and the humanities at the University of
now (1903) living. Up to 1897 he edited the daily Konigsberg, where he acquired a vast knowledge of
labor paper "St. Louis Tageblatt," and since that German and foreign literature. In 1764-69 he was
year he has been the editor of the " Westliche Post." teacher and preacher at Riga; in 1771-76, court
Besides many essays for the papers of his political preacher and member of the consistory of Biickeparty, Hepner has written "Good Night, Schatz," burg; from 1776 until his death, court preacher and
<t- a one-act play (1894).
member, later president, of the consistory of Weimar.
A.
F. T. H.
His works on Hebrew Biblical literature exercised
Heredla
Heresy
352
great influence. His "Die Aelteste Urkunde des BIBLIOGRAPHY: Nic. Antonio, Bibl. Hispania, i. 216; W
Bibl.Hebr. il., iii., 1687; Rios, Estudios, pp. 456 et se
Menschengeschlechts " (Riga, 1774-76) develops the
idem. Hist. iii. 413, 424 et seq.; Gratz, Gesch. viii. 231 et
idea that the oldest Biblical poemsthe history of
K.
M. K.
Creation, of the Flood, and of Mosesare to be conHEREFORD: County town of Herefordshire,
sidered Oriental national songs. The usual interpretation of the Mosaic history of Creation as a divine England, situated on the River Wye, of some comrevelation appears to Herder not only indefensible, mercial importance in early times. When Richard I.
but pernicious, since itfillsthe mind with false ideas returned from captivity, ten Jews of Hereford contributed 15 lis. lid. to a " donum " made by the
and leads to persecution of the physical scientist.
In 1778 he wrote "Lieder der Liebe," in which he Jews of England at Northampton (1194). They
divested the Canticles of all mystical and allegorical were under the jurisdiction of the sheriff, notwithaccretions. In these deeply felt love-songs he rec- standing the Bishop of Hereford claimed the right
ognized the natural expressions of Jewish sentiment. to judge them (Tovey, " Anglia Judaica," pp. 78After having, in his letters on theology, extended 79). In 1275 the " archa " was removed from Worcesthis view to the whole Bible, he published (Dessau, ter to Hereford, where it remained till the Expul1782-83) his famous " Vom Geiste der Ebraischen sion. From some of the bonds still extant the Jews
Poesie." Inaletterto Hamann he wrote that "since of Hereford appear to have adopted the corn trade
his childhood he had nourished it in his breast." He when refused permission by the "statute of Judasays that Hebrew poetry is the world's oldest, sim- ism " in 1275 to take usury, but this may have been
plest, and most soulful poetry, full of the inner feel- merely an evasion of the statute. Twenty-four of
ing of nature and of the poetic consciousness of the burghers of Hereford were appointed in 1282 as
special guardians of the peace in favor of the Jews
God. He translated many of the Hebrew poems.
According to Gratz ("Gesch." xi. 249), Herder, (Cal. Patent Rolls, 1282-92, p. 15).
Four 3'ears later one of the important Jews of
althoughfilledwith admiration for Jewish antiquity
and for the Hebrew people of the Biblical age, and Hereford invited some of his Christian friends to the
foretelling a time when Christian and Jew would wedding of his daughter. This attracted the notice
work together for the development and refinement of Bishop Swinfeld, who refused permission, and
of civilization, felt a dislike for the Jews which threatened excommunication to any of hisflockwho
manifested itself in his earlier relations with Moses attended the wedding ("Household Expenses of
Mendelssohn. Not until after Lessing's death did Bishop Swinfeld," Camden Society, pp. cix.-cxi.,
127). When the Jews were expelled in 1290 the
he become more friendly toward Mendelssohn.
king seized the debts due to the forty Jews of HereBIBLIOGRAPHY : Hettner, Literaturgesch. des Achtzehnten
ford, composing about twenty families. The chief
Jahrhunderts, vol. v., Brunswick, 1872.
D.
S. MAN.
person seems to have been Isaac of Worcester, who
HEREDIA, PAULTJS (PABLO) DE : Span- had apparently moved there in 1275; he, with four
ish anti-Jewish writer; born about 1405 in Aragon; of his sons and two of his daughters, was engaged
died at an advanced age after 1486. Baptized late in money-lending. The largest individual lender,
in life, he attacked Judaism, though he had at one however, appears to have been Aaron, son of Elias
time defended it and his former coreligionists. In le Blund. Abraham " the Chaplain " is mentioned,
order to assail the Talmud and its commentators, with two Evesques. Thirteen houses and the synawhich he had studied in his youth, he wrote a mys- gogue also fell into the hands of the king, with renttical work, "Iggeret ha-Sodot," which he ascribed als amounting to 55s. 6d. Since that time there has
to the Mishnaic teacher Nehunya ben ha-Kana and been no congregation at Hereford.
his alleged son Ha-Kana, asserting that he had BIBLIOGRAPHY : Jacobs, Jews of Angevin England, pp. 1
found it and translated it into Latin. In his igno376; Transactions Jew. Hist. Soc. Eng. i. 136-159; R.
son, Customs of Hereford, pp. 70-71.
rance, Paulus de Horedia put into the mouth of
J.
Nehunya passages from the work of Judah ha-Nasi,
HEREM. See EXCOMMUNICATION.
who lived much later, and in the work " Galie Razaya " made him answer eight questions, addressed
HERES: 1. City in Egypt, mentioned in Isa.
to him by his imperial friend Antoninus, in an en- xix. 18: " In that day there shall be five cities in the
tirely Christian sense. He admits the chief mysteries land of Egypt that speak the language of Canaan,
of Christianity, e.g., the doctrine of the Trinity. and swear to the Lord of hosts; one shall be called
Nehunya, who is made to say, " Ego ex iis unus 'Ir ha-Heres" (A. V. "the city of destruction";
sum qui crediderunt in eum et baptisatus fui et am- R. V. margin, "Heres"). The Masoretic text,
bulo in viis rectis,"finallyexhorts his son to recog- Aquila, Theodotion, and Peshitta read Dinn TJi
nize Jesus as thesMessiah.
"City of Destruction." Symmachus, the Vulgate, j
Heredia's works " De Mysteriis Fidei" and " Co- Men. 110a, Saadia, and some Hebrew manuscripts
rona Regia," on the immaculate conception (the lat- read Dinn TJJ (" City of the Sun "). The Septuagint
ter dedicated to Pope Innocent VIII.), were also in- has rrofac daedex ("City of Righteousness"). There
tended to convert the Jews. The latter, however, are many differences of opinion regarding the proper
whom he assailed in the work "Ensis Pauli" with reading of this name. It is, however, probable that j
all the fire of a fanatical neophyte, vouchsafed no " Heres " is the correct reading, and that HELIOPOLIS,
reply to his gross attacks on their faith. Paulus de in Egypt, is referred to by Isaiah. The alteration of
Heredia was alleged to have collaborated on the " 'Ir ha-Heres " (City of the Sun) into " 'Ir ha-Heres "
Complutensian polyglot, issued under the auspices (City of Destruction) was influenced by a later antagonism toward the Onias temple. On the other hand,
of Cardinal Ximenez.