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Engine Formulas: Cylinder Swept Volume (V

The document defines several key engine formulas: 1) Cylinder swept volume is calculated based on cylinder diameter and stroke length, and increasing either value increases swept volume. 2) Engine swept volume is calculated by multiplying cylinder swept volume by the number of cylinders. 3) Compression ratio is the ratio of cylinder swept volume to combustion chamber volume, with higher ratios increasing engine power. 4) Volumetric efficiency is the ratio of air volume entering the cylinder to cylinder swept volume, and can be increased through techniques like turbocharging.

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Dhanraj Patil
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2K views

Engine Formulas: Cylinder Swept Volume (V

The document defines several key engine formulas: 1) Cylinder swept volume is calculated based on cylinder diameter and stroke length, and increasing either value increases swept volume. 2) Engine swept volume is calculated by multiplying cylinder swept volume by the number of cylinders. 3) Compression ratio is the ratio of cylinder swept volume to combustion chamber volume, with higher ratios increasing engine power. 4) Volumetric efficiency is the ratio of air volume entering the cylinder to cylinder swept volume, and can be increased through techniques like turbocharging.

Uploaded by

Dhanraj Patil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engine Formulas

Cylinder Swept Volume (Vc):

where:
Vc= cylinder swept volume [cm3 (cc) or L]
Ac = cylinder area [cm2 or cm2/100]
dc = cylinder diameter [cm or cm/10]
L = stroke length (the distance between the TDC and BDC) [cm or cm/10]
BDC = Bottom Dead Center
TDC = Top Dead Center
* Increase the diameter or the stroke length will increase the cylinder volume, the
ratio between the cylinder diameter/cylinder stroke called bore/stroke ratio.
- bore/stroke >1 is called over square engine, and is used in automotive engines
- bore/stroke =1 is called square engine
- bore/stoke <1 is called= under square engine, and is used in tractor engine

Engine Swept Volume (Ve):

where:
Ve = engine swept volume [cm3 (cc) or L]
n = number of cylinders
Vc = cylinder swept volume [cm3 (cc) or L]
Ac = cylinder area [cm2 or cm2/100]
dc = cylinder diameter [cm or cm/10]
* The units of cylinder swept volume is measured in (cm3, cubic centimeter (cc), or
liter)
- Ve for small engines, 4 cylinder engines is (750 cc:1300 cc)
- Ve for big engine, 8 cylinder engines is (1600 cc:2500 cc)

Compression Ratio (r):

where:
r = compression ratio
Vs = cylinder swept volume (combustion chamber volume) [cc, L, or m3]
Vc = cylinder volume [cc, L, or m3]
* Increase the compression ratio increase engine power
- r (gasoline engine) = 7:12, the upper limit is engine pre ignition
- r (diesel engine) = 10:18, the upper limit is the stresses on engine parts

Engine Volumetric Efficiency (v):

where:

V = volumetric efficiency

Vair = volume of air taken into cylinder [cc, L, or m3]


Vc = cylinder swept volume [cc, L, or m3]
* Increase the engine volumetric efficiency increase engine power
- Engine of normal aspiration has a volumetric efficiency of 80% to 90%
- Engine volumetric efficiency can be increased by using:
(turbo and supper charger can increase the volumetric efficiency by 50%)

Engine Indicated Torque (Ti):

where:
Ti = engine indicated torque [Nm]

imep = indicated mean effective pressure [N/m2]


Ac = cylinder area [m2]
L = stroke length [m]
z = 1 (for 2 stroke engines), 2 (for 4 stroke engines)
n = number of cylinders
= crank shaft angle [1/s]

Engine Indicated Power (Pi):

,
where:
imep = is the indicated mean effective pressure [N/m2]
Ac = cylinder area [m2]
L = stroke length [m]
n = number of cylinders
N = engine speed [rpm]
z = 1 (for 2 stroke engines), 2 (for 4 stroke engines)
Vc = cylinder swept volume [m3]
Ve = engine swept volume [m3]
Ti = engine indicated torque [Nm]
= engine angular speed [1/s]

Engine Mechanical Efficiency (m):

where:

m = mechanical efficiency
Pb = engine brake power [kW]
Pi = engine indicated power [kW]
Pf = engine friction power [kW]

Engine Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC):

where:
SFC = specific fuel consumption [(kg/h)/kW, kg/(3600 s x kW), kg/(3600
kJ)]
FC = fuel consumption [kg/h]
Pb = brake power [kW]

Engine Thermal Efficiency (th):

where:

th = thermal efficiency
Pb = brake power [kW]
FC = fuel consumption [kg/h = (fuel consumption in L/h) x ( in kg/L)]
CV = calorific value of kilogram fuel [kJ/kg]
= relative density of fuel [kg/L]

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