June 18, 1966

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4846

This Act shall be known as the "Cultural Properties Preservation and Protection Act."

SECTION 2.
It is hereby declared to be the policy of the state to preserve and protect the important
cultural properties and National Cultural Treasures of the nation and to safeguard their intrinsic value.
SECTION 3.

Definition of terms.

a.
Cultural properties are old buildings, monuments, shrines, documents, and objects which may
be classified as antiques, relics, or artifacts, landmarks, anthropological and historical sites, and
specimens of natural history which are of cultural, historical, anthropological or scientific value and
significance to the nation; such as physical, anthropological, archaeological and ethnographical
materials, meteorites and tektites; historical objects and manuscripts; household and agricultural
implements; decorative articles or personal adornment; works of art such as paintings sculptures,
carvings, jewelry, music, architecture, sketches, drawings, or illustrations in part or in whole; works of
industrial and commercial art such as furniture, pottery, ceramics, wrought iron, gold, bronze, silver,
wood, or other heraldic items, metals, coins, medals, badges, insignias, coat of arms, crests, flags, arms,
and armor; vehicles or ships or boats in part or in whole.
b.
Cultural properties which have been singled out from among the innumerable cultural
properties as having exceptional historical and cultural significance to the Philippines, but are not
sufficiently outstanding to merit the classification of "National Cultural Treasures" are important cultural
properties.
c.
A National Cultural Treasure is a unique object found locally, possessing outstanding
historical, cultural, artistic and/or scientific value which is highly significant and important to this country
and nation.
d.
Antiques are cultural properties found locally which are one hundred years or more in age or
even less, but their production having ceased, they have, therefore, become or are becoming rare.
e.
Relics are cultural properties which, either as a whole or in fragments, are left behind after
the destruction or decay of the rest of its parts and which are intimately associated with important
beliefs, practices, customs and traditions, periods and personages.
f.
Artifacts are articles which are products of human skills or workmanship, especially in the
simple product of primitive arts or industry representing past eras or periods.

g.
Natural History Specimens are live or preserved specimens of plants and animals, fossils,
rocks and minerals. Only types, presently irreplaceable specimens, and those in danger of extinction
shall be embraced in this Act.
h.
Type as mentioned in Section seven-b in the context of this Act is a specimen selected as the
best to represent a kind or class of objects consisting of any but almost identical individuals or pieces. In
the case of specimens of natural history, the type is the individual specimen which was used as the basis
of description establishing the species, in accordance with the rules of nomenclature.
i.
A historical site is any place, province, city, town and/or any location and structure which has
played a significant and important role in the history of our country and nation. Such significance and
importance may be cultural, political, sociological or historical.
j.
An archaeological site is any place which may be underground or on the surface, underwater or
at sea level which contains fossils, artifacts and other cultural, geological, botanical, zoological materials
which depict and document evidences of palaeontological and pre-historic events.
k.
An anthropological area is any place where studies of specific cultural groups are being or
should be undertaken in the field of anthropology. Anthropology in this case is descriptive,
interpretative and comparative study of all aspects of various cultural linguistic groups including the
collection and analysis of their particular material culture.
l.
Collector is any person or institution who acquires cultural properties and National Cultural
Treasures for purposes other than sale.
m.
Dealers are persons or enterprises who acquire cultural properties for the purpose of engaging
in the acquisition and resale of the same.
n.

Exporters are dealers who engage in the business of exporting cultural properties.

o.
For purposes of Republic Act No. 4846 government property covers all lands and marine areas
including those covered by licenses or special permits and those owned or administered by governmentowned or controlled corporations, institutions or agencies.
SECTION 4.
The National Museum, hereinafter referred to as the Museum, shall be the agency of
the Government which shall implement the provisions of this Act.
SECTION 5.
The Director of the Museum, hereinafter referred to as the Director, shall undertake a
census of the important cultural properties of the Philippines, keep a record of their ownership,
location, and condition, and maintain an up-to-date register of the same. Private collectors and owners
of important cultural properties and public and private schools in possession of these items, shall be
required to register their collections with the Museum when required by the Director and to report to
the same office when required by the Director any new acquisitions, sales, or transfers thereof.

SECTION 6.
The Director is authorized to convene panels of experts, as often as the need for their
services may arise, each to be composed of three competent men in the specialized fields of
anthropology, natural sciences, history and archives, fine arts, philately and numismatics, and shrines
and monuments, etc. Each panel shall, after careful study and deliberation, decide which among the
cultural properties in their field of specialization shall be designated as "National Cultural Treasures" or
"Important Cultural Properties." The Director is further authorized to convene panels of experts to
declassify designated "National Cultural Treasures."
The Director shall within ten days of such action by the panel transmit their decision and cause the
designation-list to be published in at least two newspapers of general circulation. The same procedure
shall be followed in the declassification of important cultural properties and national cultural treasures.
SECTION 7.
In designation of a particular cultural property as a 'national cultural treasure,' the
following procedure shall be observed:
a.
Before the actual designation, the owner, if the property is privately owned, shall be notified at
least fifteen days prior to the intended designation, and he shall be invited to attend the deliberation
and given a chance to be heard. Failure on the part of the owner to attend the deliberation shall not bar
the panel to render its decision. Decision shall be given by the panel within a week after its deliberation.
In the event that the owner desires to seek reconsideration of the designation made by the panel, he
may do so within thirty days from the date that the decision has been rendered. If no request for
reconsideration is filed after this period, the designation is then considered final and executory. Any
request for reconsideration filed within thirty days and subsequently again denied by the panel, may be
further appealed to another panel chairmanned by the Secretary of Education, with two experts as
members appointed by the Secretary of Education. Their decision shall be final and binding.
b.
Within each kind or class of objects, only the rare and unique objects may be designated as
"National Cultural Treasures." The remainder, if any, shall be treated as cultural property.
c.
Designated "National Cultural Treasures" shall be marked, described, and photographed by the
National Museum. The owner retains possession of the same but the Museum shall keep a record
containing such information as: name of article, owner, period, source, location, condition, description,
photograph, identifying marks, approximate value, and other pertinent data.
SECTION 8.
National Cultural Treasures shall not change ownership, except by inheritance or sale
approved by the Director of the National Museum, without the prior notification to and notations made
by the Museum in the records. They may not be taken out of the country for reasons of inheritance.
Where there is no heir, National Cultural Treasures shall revert to the National Museum or to any state
museum.
SECTION 9.
National Cultural Treasures may be taken out of the country only with written permit
from the Director of the National Museum, and only for the purpose of exchange programs or for
scientific scrutiny, but shall be returned immediately after such exhibition or study: Provided, that the
Director of the National Museum shall require that the cultural treasures be adequately insured against

loss or damage by the owners thereof, and shall be properly accompanied by a duly authorized
representative of the National Museum and/or protected.
SECTION 10.
It shall be unlawful to export or to cause to be taken out of the Philippines any of the
cultural properties defined in Section three of this Act, without previous registration of the objects with
the National Museum and a written permit from the Director of the National Museum: Provided,
however, that in the granting or the withholding of permit, the provisions of Section seven of this Act
shall have been satisfied.
SECTION 11.
No cultural property may be imported without an official certification of exportation
from the country of origin.
SECTION 12.
It shall be unlawful to explore, excavate, or make diggings on archaeological or historical
sites for the purpose of obtaining materials of cultural historical value without the prior written
authority from the Director of the National Museum. No excavations or diggings shall be permitted
without the supervision of an archaeologist certified as such by the Director of the National Museum, or
of such other person who, in the opinion of the Director, is competent to supervise the work, and who
shall, upon completion of the project, deposit with the Museum a catalogue of all the materials found
thereon, and a description of the archaeological context in accordance with accepted archaeological
practices. When excavators shall strike upon any buried cultural property, the excavation shall be
suspended and the matter reported immediately to the Director of the National Museum who shall take
the appropriate steps to have the discovery investigated and to insure the proper and safe removal
thereof, with the knowledge and consent of the owner. The suspension shall not be lifted until the
Director of the National Museum shall so allow it.
All exploration, excavation, or diggings on government and private property for archaeological or
historical purposes shall be undertaken only by the National Museum, or any institution duly authorized
by the Director of the National Museum.
SECTION 13.
All restorations, reconstructions, and preservations of government historical buildings,
shrines, landmarks, monuments, and sites, which have been designated as "National Cultural
Treasures," and "important cultural properties" shall only be undertaken with the written permission of
the Director of the National Museum who shall designate the supervision of the same.
SECTION 14.
Any donation or support by private individuals or institutions to the National Museum,
and any investment for the purchase of cultural properties registered with the National Museum or for
the support of scientific and cultural expeditions, explorations, or excavations when so certified by the
Director of the National Museum, shall be tax exempt and deductible from the income tax returns of the
individual or institution.
Donations of National Cultural Treasures and important cultural properties to the National Museum or
any accredited institution for preservation for posterity, or of any monetary contribution to the National
Museum or any accredited institution for the purchase of National Cultural Treasures and important
cultural properties shall also be deductible from the income tax returns: Provided, That such donations

are duly acknowledged and receipted by the recipient and certified by the Director of the National
Museum.
SECTION 15.
Any cultural property for sale as allowed under this Act, should be registered with the
National Museum and the proceeds thereof shall be considered as income and therefore subject to
taxation; Provided, however, that the Government shall be given the first option for three months to
buy these cultural properties when placed on sale.
SECTION 16.
All dealers of cultural properties shall secure a license as a dealer in cultural properties
from the Director of the National Museum.
SECTION 17.
All dealers engaged in the business of exporting cultural properties shall secure a license
as exporter of cultural properties from the Director of the National Museum.
SECTION 18.
The Director of the National Museum is hereby empowered to promulgate rules and
regulations for the implementation of the provisions of this Act, which rules and regulations shall be
given the widest publicity and also shall be given directly to known collectors, excavators,
archaeologists, dealers, exporters and others affected by this Act. Such rules and regulations shall be
approved by the Secretary of Education.
SECTION 19.
The Museum may collect fees for registration, licenses, inspections, certifications,
authorizations, and permits in the compliance with the provisions of this Act: Provided, That the objects
or materials attempted to be concealed from registration or those intended to be exported in violation
of this Act shall be confiscated and forfeited to the Government; Provided, further, that if the violation is
committed by a juridical person, the manager, representative, director, agent, or employee of said
juridical person responsible for the Act shall be liable to the penalties provided herein.
SECTION 20.
Penal Provisions. Any violation of the provisions of this Act shall, upon conviction,
subject the offender to a fine of not more than ten thousand pesos or imprisonment for a term of not
more than two years or both upon the discretion of the court: Provided, that objects or materials
attempted to be concealed from the registration or those intended to be exported or excavated in
violation of this Act shall be summarily confiscated and forfeited to the National Museum; Provided,
further, that if the violation is committed by a juridical person, the manager, representative, director,
agent or employee of said juridical person responsible for the act shall also be liable to the penalties
provided herein.
SECTION 21.
There shall be created a division of cultural properties in the national Museum clothed
with adequate police power to prosecute violators of this Act.
SECTION 22.
The sum of one hundred thousand pesos (P100,000) is hereby appropriated annually
out of any funds in the National Treasury, not otherwise appropriated, to carry out the provisions of this
Act.

SECTION 23.
Repealing Provisions. Act Three thousand eight hundred and seventy-four entitled
"An Act Prohibiting the Exportation of Antiques of the Philippine Islands" and all other Acts or parts
thereof contrary to the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed.
SECTION 24.

This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Approved: June 18, 1966