Industrial

Fasteners
Institute

IFI Inch Fastener Standards Book

8th Edition

COMPILED AND PUBLISHED BY

INDUSTRIAL FASTENERS INSTITUTE
6363 Oak Tree Boulevard
Independence, Ohio 44131-2500 U.S.A.
Email: [email protected]
Web site: www.indfast.org

2011e INDUSTRIAL FASTENERS INSTITUTE

All rights reserved, in particular rights of translation into other languages. No part of
this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, microfilm, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior
written permission of the publisher.
PRINTED IN CANADA

CAUTIONARY NOTES AND DISCLAIMERS

All specifications, technical discussions, and reports included in this book
are advisory only and their use by anyone is entirely voluntary. Reliance on their
contents for any purpose by anyone is at the sole risk of that person and IFI is not
responsible for any loss, claim or damage arising therefrom. IFI does not design,
manufacture, or sell any of the products referred to. The information contained in
this book are general guidelines to be used only in conjunction with other information obtained from a products manufacturer and the users own knowledge,
experience, and common sense. Users of any product should refer to and follow
the manufacturers instructions, warnings, and specifications for that product, and
should consult with the manufacturer before use to determine if any information in
addition to or different from the information contained in this book applies to that
product or the users particular use of that product. In compiling this book, IFI has
made a determined effort to present its contents accurately. IFI is not responsible,
however, for any claim traceable to any errors (typographical or otherwise) as contained herein. IFI has not investigated, nor will it investigate, patents which may
apply to the subject contents. Prospective users of this book are responsible for
advising themselves and protecting themselves against any patent infringement
liability which may arise out of such use.
COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS

Since issuance of the first edition of this book in 1941, many individuals
have offered constructive ideas and suggestions on means for improving the content and its presentation. All of these have been most helpful in the preparation of
each successive edition and IFI appreciates the continued interest and the input.
Readers are invited to continue submitting their comments and IFI assures that all
comments will be considered. Please send your comments to:
Industrial Fasteners Institute
6363 Oak Tree Boulevard
Independence, OH 44131-2500
email: [email protected]

Acknowledgements

The Industrial Fasteners Institute (IFI) wishes to acknowledge the technical staff
and its technical directors for the creation and compilation of the materials in this book.
Special thanks goes to Richard Belford, the original Technical Director, Charlie Wilson,
who served as Director of Engineering from 1963 through 2006, and Joe Greenslade,
who has been the Director of Engineering Technology since 2007.

This document would not be possible without the dedicated and skillful efforts of
Barbara Grachanin and Jennifer Vance in pulling the materials together, proofreading it,
and preparing it for publication.

PREFACE TO EIGHTH EDITION

This book is the eighth edition of the IFI INCH Fastener Standards Book. Since the first
edition was published in 1941 this book has been frequently referred to as the BIBLE for
industry for fastener standards information.
Only fastener standards are contained in this edition.
This book started as a small book containing a couple of hundred pages and has evolved
to this volume containing a little over 1100 pages. The original book contained only standards information. Through the successive editions more and more fastener technology
information was added to the point that the 7th edition contained about 300 pages of fastener technology information in addition to the standards. Because of the growing number
of fastener standards, the 8th edition has returned to the original concept of containing
only inch fastener standards. The fastener technology information was broken out into
a separate book entitled the IFI Fastener Technology Handbook. This separate book is
available in the Reference Section of the IFI online store at www.indfast.org.
Most content is revised or new.
Over 50% of the content in the 8th Edition has been updated since the publication of the
7th Edition. All of the major standard such as B18.2.1 for bolts, ASME B18.2.2 for nuts,
ASME B18.21.1 for washers, and ASME B18.6.3 for machine screws and tapping screws
are all revised in the edition.
This book has added some new standards not in the previous editions including MILDTL-1222J, the standard used for specifying bolts and nuts for the Navy, ASTM F1554
for anchor bolts, ASTM C954, ASTM C1002, and ASTM C1513 covering various types of
drywall screws, IFI 166 covering the acceptance of nicked threads, and IFI 301 covering
the calibration procedures for thread gages.
The standards and data are newly organized for easier use.
This edition has been organized to make finding related materials easier. Dimensional
standards are at the beginning of each product section followed by the related material
standards. As an example when looking for the data on a bolt the user will find ASME
B18.2.1 in the front of the Bolt Section and toward the back of the section the material
standards for SAE J429, ASTM A193, etc can be found.
Changes were also made in the layout of the thread tables to make information easier
to locate. The tables for external threads have been separated from the tables for the
internal threads. A column has been added to indicate the maximum thickness of plating
that can be applied to an external thread based on the amount of allowance the standard

PREFACE TO EIGHTH EDITION CONTINUED

provides. Also, the dimensions for the acceptance of 2A threads that have been plated
or coated has been added so the user does not have to remember that a 2A thread after
coating is accepted using a 3A GO gage and a 2A NOT GO gage. The applicable values
are in the table and the note regarding this important rule is in a note at the end of Table
1 in ASME B1.1
The 8th Edition carries on a long tradition.
For 69 years the Industrial Fasteners Institute has been the leader in supplying fastener
technical data to industry. The 8th Edition of the Inch Fastener Standards Book is the
next step in continuing a tradition of dedicated service to the fastener supplying industry
and the companies they serve.

FASTENER TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES

This 8th Edition Inch Fastener Standards Book is just one of the fastener technology resources available to Industry. Below are several more resources that those who supply,
specify, and/or use mechanical fasteners should have. All these are available for the IFI
online store at www.indfast.org.
8th Edition Inch Fastener Standards Book Digital Edition
For the first time the IFI is offering the Inch Fastener Standards Book in a digital file. This
document is accessible from one customer assigned computer with internet access in a
read only format. Information can be captured by use of the screen shot capability of
the resident computer for printing when desired. The file has a three year subscription life
from the date of installation.
IFI Technology Connection
This is the ultimate in fastener standards and technology access. Look up all of the
dimensional, material, and performance information on individual inch or metric fasteners in seconds. Print out the data sheet as a PDF document. Look up international raw
material standards from around the world and determine what each countrys standard is
equivalent to in other country designations. Obtain tightening torque, thread strength, application hole size, and much more information with a few clicks. To arrange a free online
demonstration contact [email protected].
IFI Fastener Technology Handbook
This 330 page hardback book contains a wealth of fastener technology information. It
contains the history of the fastener industry, information on the various types of mechanical fasteners, thread data, installation information, and much more. Every person selling
or using fasteners should keep a copy of this book handy.
ISO Thread and Fastener Handbook (Download File)
This digital document contains a comprehensive series of metric fastener standards created and maintained by the International Standards Organization (ISO). This is a fastener resource that all fastener suppliers and users of metric fastener should have if the
end products the fasteners assemble are sold in countries outside the USA.
IFI Metric Standards Book
This book of standards contains metric fastener standards created and maintained by
the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), American Society for Testing
and Materials (ASTM), SAE international, and the Industrial Fasteners Institute (IFI). The
fasteners made to these standards are interchangeable with, but not exactly the same as
the fasteners made to the comparable ISO standards.

FASTENER TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES CONTINUED

Online Training Courses
Learn basic metallurgy and heat treat technology related to mechanical fasteners. This
information provides the foundation upon which fastener capabilities are based. These
courses are self-paced with pre and post tests to demonstrate how much has been
learned. The student can enter the course as many times as necessary for as much time
as the student has available within six months to complete each course. All suppliers and
end users of mechanical fasteners should take these courses. The IFI plans to offer more
online courses as suitable materials become available. For more information go to the
online store at www.indfast.org.
FREE IFI Find a Supplier Program
When seeking mechanical fasteners produced in North America go to the IFI Find a Supplier program on the IFI web site at www.indfast.org. Using pull-down menus look up the
type of fasteners being sought. A listing of North American manufacturers will be displayed with direct links to their web site and e-mail address for submitting inquiries. This
is a tremendous time-saver for fastener re-sellers and end users. It frequently yields new
sources of supply previously unknown to the users of this FREE program.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
THREAD SECTION
ASME B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form)

17

ASME B1.2 Gages and Gaging for Unified Inch Screw Threads

54

ASME B1.3 Screw Thread Gaging Systems for Acceptability: Inch and
Metric Screw Threads (UN, UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ)
65

BOLTS, STUDS AND THREADED ROD SECTION

ASME B18.2.1 Square, Hex, Heavy Hex, and Askew Head Bolts and Hex,
Heavy Hex, Hex Flange, Lobed Head, and Lag Screws
75
ASME B18.5 Round Head Bolts

106

ASME B18.9 Plow Bolts

120

ASME B18.10 Track Bolts and Nuts

127

ASME B18.31.2 Continuous and Double-End Studs

133

ASME B18.31.3 Threaded Rods

143

IFI-115 Flange 12-Point Screws

146

IFI-148 Threaded Projection Weld Studs

151

SAE J429 Mechanical and Material Requirements for Mechanical Fasteners

163

ASTM A193/A193M Alloy Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for
High Temperature Service
175
ASTM A307 Carbon Steel Externally Threaded Standard Fasteners

190

ASTM A320/A320M Alloy Steel Bolting Materials for Low Temperature Service

199

ASTM A354 Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other
Externally Threaded Fasteners
209
ASTM A394 Steel Transmission Tower Bolts, Zinc Coated and Bare

219

ASTM A449 Hex Cap Screw, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90
ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, General Use
229
ASTM F468 Nonferrous Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs for General Use

241

ASTM F593 Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs

252

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ASTM F1554 Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55 and 105-ksi Yield Strength

265

IFI-124 Test Procedure for the Performance of Nonmetallic Resistant

Element Prevailing-Torque Screws
282
IFI-125 Test Procedure for the Performance of Adhesive Coated
Prevailing-Torque Screws
288
MIL-DTL-1222J General Specification for Studs, Bolts, Screws and Nuts
for Applications Where a High Degree of Reliability is Required
292

SOCKET SECTION
ASME B18.3 Socket Cap, Shoulder, Set Screws, Hex, and Spline Keys

333

ASTM A574 Alloy Steel Socket Head Cap Screws

385

ASTM F835 Alloy Steel Socket Button and Flat Countersunk Head Cap Screws

396

ASTM F837 Stainless Steel Socket Head Cap Screws

405

ASTM F879 Stainless Steel Socket Button and Flat Countersunk Head Cap Screws

416

ASTM F880 Stainless Steel Socket Set Screws

425

ASTM F912 Alloy Steel Socket Set Screws

432

STRUCTURAL FASTENERS SECTION

ASME B18.2.6 Fasteners for Use in Structural Applications

441

ASTM A325 Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength

458

ASTM A490 Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength

470

ASTM F959 Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural
Fasteners
479
ASTM F1852 Twist Off Type Tension Control Structural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies,
Steel, Heat Treated 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
486
ASTM F2280 Twist Off Type Tension Control Structural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies,
Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
497

TABLE OF CONTENTS
NUT SECTION
ASME B18.2.2 Nuts for General Applications: Machine Screw Nuts, Hex, Square,
Hex Flange, and Coupling Nuts
511
ASME B18.6.9 Wing Nuts

533

ASME B18.16.4 Serrated Hex Flange Locknuts: 90,000 psi

542

ASME B18.16.6 Nylon Insert Locknuts

546

IFI-100/107 Prevailing-Torque Type Steel Hex and Hex Flange Nuts

Regular and Light Hex Series
554
SAE J995 Mechanical and Material Requirements for Steel Nuts

566

ASTM A194/A194M Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or
High Temperature Service, or Both
573
ASTM A563 Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts

586

ASTM F467 Nonferrous Nuts for General Use

597

ASTM F594 Stainless Steel Nuts

607

ASTM F901 Aluminum Transmission Tower Bolts and Nuts

618

IFI-101 Torque-Tension Requirements for Prevailing-Torque Type Steel Hex

and Hex Flange Nuts
625
IFI-155 Test Procedure for the Performance of Nonmetallic Resistant Element
Prevailing-Torque Nuts
628
IFI-160 Test Procedure for the Performance of Nuts with Pre-Applied Adhesive
Coated Threads
632

SCREW SECTION
ASME B18.6.1 Wood Screws

639

ASME B18.6.2 Slotted Head Cap Screws

652

ASME B18.6.3 Machine Screws, Tapping Screws, and Metallic Drive Screws

667

ASME B18.6.8 Thumb Screws and Wing Screws

746

ASME B18.13 Screw and Washer Assemblies SEMS

758

IFI-113 Steel Self-Drilling Tapping Screws

776

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ASTM C954 Steel Drill Screws for the Application of Gypsum Panel Products
or Metal Plaster Bases to Steel Studs from 0.033 in. (0.84 mm) to 0.112 in.
(2.84 mm) in Thickness
786
ASTM C1002 Steel Self-Piercing Tapping Screws for the Application of Gypsum
Panel Products or Metal Plaster Bases to Wood Studs or Steel Studs
791
ASTM C1513 Steel Tapping Screws for Cold-Formed Steel Framing Connections

798

WASHER SECTION
ASME B18.21.1 Washers: Helical Spring-Lock, Tooth Lock and Plain Washers

807

ASTM F436 Hardened Steel Washers

828

ASTM F2437 Carbon and Alloy Steel Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension

Indicators for Use with Cap Screws, Bolts, Anchors, and Studs
837

RIVET SECTION
ASME B18.1.1 Small Solid Rivets 7/16 In. Nominal Diameter and Smaller

847

ASME B18.1.2 Large Rivets 1/2 In. Nominal Diameter and Larger

859

ASME B18.7 General Purpose Semi-Tubular Rivets, Full Tubular Rivets, Split
Rivets and Rivet Caps
872
IFI-110 Glossary of Terms Relating to Blind Rivets

885

IFI-114 Break Mandrel Blind Rivets

891

IFI-117 Pull Through Mandrel Blind Rivets

897

IFI-119 Structural Flush Break Pull Mandrel Self-Plugging Blind Rivets

903

IFI-123 Drive Pin Blind Rivets

910

IFI-126 Break Mandrel Closed End Blind Rivets

916

IFI-130 Structural Splitting Self-Plugging Pull Mandrel Blind Rivets

922

IFI-134 Multi-Grip Flush Break Pull Mandrel Self-Plugging Blind Rivets

928

IFI-135 Mechanical Testing of Blind Rivets

933

IFI-137 Inspection and Quality Assurance for General Purpose Blind Rivets

938

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PIN SECTION
ASME B18.8.1 Clevis Pins and Cotter Pins

943

ASME B18.8.2 Taper Pins, Dowel Pins, Straight Pins, Grooved Pins, and Spring Pins

952

FINISHES SECTION
ASTM B695 Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel

995

ASTM F1136 Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion Protective Coatings for Fasteners

1004

ASTM F1941 Electrodeposited Coatings on Threaded Fasteners

1007

ASTM F2329 Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements for Application to Carbon and
Alloy Steel Bolts, Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners
1019

QUALITY SECTION
ASME B18.2.9 Gage and Gaging for Bolts and Screws

1029

ASME B18.18 Quality Assurance for Fasteners

1031

ASTM F606 Standard Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally
and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
1043
ASTM F788/F788M Surface Discontinuities of Bolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric Series

1067

ASTM F812/F812M Surface Discontinuities of Nuts, Inch and Metric Series

1075

ASTM F1470 Standard Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical
Properties and Performance Inspection
1081
IFI-143 Test for Evaluating the Torque-Tension Relationship on Both Externally and
Internally Threaded Fasteners
1087
IFI-166 Inspection Procedure for Thread Nicks

1091

IFI-301 Gage Calibration Requirements and Procedures for Thread Gages

1093

REFERENCE SECTION
Standards References

1127

INDEX

1139

THREADS

THREADS

CONTENTS

PAGE

ASME B1.1

Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form)

17

ASME B1.2

Gages and Gaging for Unified Inch Screw Threads

54

ASME B1.3

Screw Thread Gaging Systems for Acceptability: Inch and

Metric Screw Threads (UN, UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ)

65

ABSTRACT
OF ASME B1.1
2003 (R2008)

UNIFIED INCH SCREW THREADS

(UN AND UNR THREAD FORM)

THREADS

IFI NOTES:
1. This abstract presents the requirements of ASME B1.1 as they apply to the
threaded mechanical fasteners covered in this book. For the omitted information, refer to the complete standard, copies of which are available from www.
asme.org.
2. To aid in the proper usage of the rules for the application of plating or coating on
class 2A external threads two additions were made in Table 1A. The thread class
2A Plated reflecting the usage of the rules in section 7.2 was added, as well as,
the column titled Maximum Coating/Plating Thickness following the rules in
section 7.3.2. This data is not in the complete ASME B1.1 standard.
3. ASME B1.1-2003 (R2008) is abstracted with the permission of its publisher, The
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY
10016-5990, U.S.A, www.asme.org.
4. Thread dimensions for sizes No. 0000, 000, and 00 are in Appendix V in ASME
B18.6.3 in this book.
1

GENERAL

1.1

Scope

This Standard specifies the thread form, series, class, allowance, tolerance, and designation for
unified screw threads. (In order to emphasize that unified screw threads are based on inch modules, they
may be denoted unified inch screw threads.) Several variations in thread form have been developed for
unified threads; however, this Standard covers only UN and UNR thread forms.
1.2

Unified Screw Thread Standards

The standards for unified screw threads published in this Standard are in agreement with formal
standards of the International Organization for Standardization for diameter-pitch combinations, designations, and tolerances for 60 deg triangular form inch screw threads. Unified screw threads had their origin
in an accord signed in Washington, D.C., on November 18, 1948, by representatives of standardizing bodies of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and have subsequently superseded American
National screw threads.
1.3

UN and UNR Screw Threads

UNR applies only to external threads; the difference between UN and UNR threads, in addition to
designation, is that a flat or optional rounded root contour is specified for UN threads, while only a rounded
root contour is specified for UNR threads.
1.4

Interchangeability

Unified (UN/UNR) and its predecessor, American National screw threads, have substantially the
same thread form, and threads of both standards having the same diameter and pitch are mechanically
interchangeable. The principal differences between these standards relate to the application of allowances,
the variation of tolerances with size, differences in the amounts of pitch diameter tolerances for external and
internal threads, and differences in thread designations. Unified inch and ISO metric screw threads are not
mechanically interchangeable.
2011 Industrial Fasteners Institute

Page 17

UNIFIED INCH SCREW THREADS

(UN AND UNR THREAD FORM)

THREADS

1.5

ABSTRACT
OF ASME B1.1
2003 (R2008)

Designations

Unified thread sizes (specific combinations of diameter and pitch) are identified by the letter combination UN in the thread symbol. In the unified standards, the pitch diameter tolerances for external threads
differ from those for internal threads; for this reason the letter A is used in the thread symbol to denote an
external thread and the letter B, an internal thread. Where the letters U, A, or B do not appear in the
thread designation, the threads conform to the outdated American National screw threads. Details regarding thread designations are given in para. 6.
1.6

Reference Documents

For a complete list of referenced standards, see the STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATION REFERENCE LIST on Page 1127.
1.7

Acceptability

Acceptability of product threads shall be in accordance with ASME B1.3. Gages and gaging shall
be in accordance with ASME B1.2.
1.8

Reference Temperature

The reference temperature is 68F for dimensions defined by this system.

1.9

Units of Measure

All dimensions in this Standard, including all tables, are in inches unless otherwise specified.

1.10

Federal Government Use

When this Standard is approved by the Department of Defense and federal agencies and is incorporated into FED-STD-H28/2, Screw-Thread Standards for Federal Services, para. 2, the use of this Standard by the federal government will be subject to all the requirements and limitations of FED-STD-H28/2.
2

SCREW THREAD PROFILE

2.1

Scope

The basic profile and design profiles are defined in this paragraph and are the basis of all thread
dimensions given in this Standard.
2.2

Basic Profile

The basic profile for UN screw threads is identical to that for UNR screw threads and is shown in
Fig. 1. Profile applies to an axial plane.

For reference, the basic profile for UN and UNR screw threads is identical to that for ISO metric
screw threads shown in ISO 68.
2.3

Design Profiles

The design profiles define the maximum-material conditions for external and internal threads with
no allowance and are derived from the basic profile. The design profiles of both external and internal screw
threads vary from the basic profile.
Page 18

2011 Industrial Fasteners Institute