VOL.4. Hydraulic Accessories
VOL.4. Hydraulic Accessories
VOL.4. Hydraulic Accessories
STUDY OF
INDUSTRIAL
HYDRAULIC
ACCESSORIES
Q.S. Khan
B.E. (Mech.)
TANVEER PUBLICATIONS
Hydro-Electic Machinery Premises
12-A, Ram-Rahim Uduog Nagar, Bus Stop Lane, L.B.S. Marg,
Sonapur, Bhandup (west), Mumbai - 400 078 (India)
E-mail: hydelect@vsnl.com
www. Tanveerpublication.com
Tel : 022-25965930,25964075-8108000222
CONTENTS
11. Hydraulic Accessories
11.1 TO 11.34
11.1 Reservoir
11.6 Oil level indicator and controller
11.7 Suction stainer
11.8 Return line filter
11.9 Pressure line filter
11.10 Filler breather assembly
11.11 Bell housing
11.12 Extension bracket assembly
11.13 Coupling
11.14 Pressure gauge
11.15 Pressure gauge isolator
11.16 Pressure gauge dampner
11.17 Heat exchanger
11.18 Water-cooler
11.19 Chiller
11.20 Cooling Tower
11.21 Heater
11.22 Fluid level indicator and controller
11.23 Flow meter and Indicator
11.24 Temperature indicator and controller
11.25 Magnetic seperator
11.26 Pipe clamp
11.27 Diagnostic coupllers
11.28 Diffusers
11.29 Hydraulic fuse
11.30 Flexible separator
Hydraulic Accessories for better functioning of hydraulic machine
11.35 TO11.49
(A)
11.50 to 11.62
(B)
Reservoir
Hydraulic Accessories
: Q.S. Khan
11-1
Hydraulic Accessories
Reservoir
vertically mounted
electric meter
coupled to pump
which is inside
machine body.
e)
f)
g)
h)
hydraulic cylinder
hydraulic valve
Mfg. by:- M/s. Hydro- Electric Machinery, Mumbai-78.
: Q.S. Khan
11-2
Hydraulic Accessories
Reservoir
Valve
Valve
Manifold
block
Manifold
block
Motor
Pump
Mfg. by:-
: Q.S. Khan
11-3
Hydraulic Accessories
Reservoir
b) L-shape reservoir: This type of construction consists of a large base frame. On some part of base frame
reservoir is mounted and on remaining part of base frame motor, pump manifold and other
assemblies are mounted.
Advantage of this type is that pump will always get supply of fluid, as fluid level will be
above pump height. Disadvantage of this type is that it occupies more space
Oil pump
Motor
Base
frame
motor-pump
assembling
L-shaped reservior
Reservoir
reservoir
base
In this type of construction reservoir is mounted on a frame structure, and below reservoir motor,
pump, manifold, valve, etc. are mounted.
11.5 Construction of reservoir: 1) Reservoir is made from 3 to 10mm steel plates depending upon its capacity to store working
fluid. It is also made from other material depending upon its use, such as aluminum reservoir is
used in aircraft, S.S. reservoir is used in chemical industries etc.
2) As discussed earlier capacity is generally kept more than 3 to 5 times the pump discharge
capacity. And if oil cooler is not to be used then surface area of reservoir should be able to
dissipate all the heat generated.
Design and Manufacturing of Hydraulic Presses.
: Q.S. Khan
11-4
Hydraulic Accessories
Reservoir
3) Reservoir is also made larger then calculated volume, so that there should be at least 100mm
air space above oil level, that is between tank-top cover and maximum fluid level. (In small
tank, space could be 10% of total volume of tank).
This space is required for de-aeration of air, which will be released from oil. To compensate
the increase in volume due to heating of oil. As well as to accommodate all the oil of the
system, if they drained out from cylinder and other component and collected in reservoir.
4) Exhaust oil coming from cylinder and system brings metal, rubber particle, and air-bubbles. If
they get sucked in pump immediately, then it will damage system due to metallic particle, and
performance of system will be spongy and sluggish due to air-bubbles. Proper screen and
baffles should be provided to avoid this. Following types of baffles are provided for better
result.
Motor, pump assembly
return line filter
a)
Wave-stream baffle configuration: manifold block
return line
filtter
y
Suction
stainer
sectional xx
baffle
x
pump
path of oil
flow
screen for
filtering oil
Baffle of
sheet
metal
return line
filter
: Q.S. Khan
sectional yy
11-5
Hydraulic Accessories
Reservoir
6)
Top cover is bolted to reservoir;Motor, pump,manifold etc.are mounted on it. Care should
be taken that through no joint either water or air can get into the reservoir. It
should be absolutely sealed by using gasket and washer etc. Otherwise if air directly gets
sucked-in, then dust will enter in reservoir. Or if any liquid or water leaks in reservoir through
top cover, then water and contaminated oil will get mixed with working fluid and will contaminate
it. Hence care should be taken to seal reservoir completely.
7)
Reservoir is fabricated from mild steel sheet metal. A deep corrosion may weaken the
walls of reservoir. Hence special precaution should be taken to avoid rusting. Reservoir should
be raised about 100 to 150mm, above ground. This avoids rusting of bottom of reservoir
against wet ground, as well as helps in cooling of oil due to free flow of air bellow tank.
Outside surface of reservoir should be properly clean and painted with oil paint etc.
If mineral oil is used as working fluid, then it avoids rusting of inside surface of reservoir. But in
case if reservoir is to be kept without using it for long time, then inside surface may start rusting
due to moisture. In such case inside surface also should be cleaned, and applied with mineral
oil resistant paint such as epoxy paint etc.
8)
For changing fluid or for any-other purpose if fluid is to be removed from reservoir,
then either it is to be pumped-out by external source, or drained-out from drain plug
provided at bottom of reservior. Fluid will drain-out completely along with all
sedimentation of dust and contamination only if bottom of reservoir is made correctly.
Botom of tank should be slightly tapered and drain plug should be provided at lower
most position, so that all contamination gets removed along with fluid.
Access Cover:Access covers are provided at both ends of reservior for convenience in servicing
and maintenance of pump, filter and other components mounted inside tank. Access
covers are of two type. Dished access cover and flat access cover.
Dished access cover is in form of a dish, fixed to reservoir with a single bolt mounted
at centre, as explained in following diagram. While flat access cover is flat in shape, and
fixed to reservoir with many bolts to avoid oil leakage.
Gasket
Flat cover
Dish cover
supporting
Gasket
Dish cover
Bolt
Central bolt
Tank cover
SECTION XX
SECTION XX
Reservoir
with Flat Access Cover
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of Manufacturers:
www.consolidatedmachines.net
www.hydraulicpresses.in
: Q.S. Khan
11-6
Hydraulic Accessories
There are four types of level indicator, and they are used in industrial
hydraulic power pack, as per the requirement of equipment.
a. Tube type oil level indicator.
b. Button type or window type oil level indicator.
c. Dip stick.
d. Electronic read-out.
Tube type has advantage that all the level within its range could be
checked, while window type can indicate very limited change in fluid level.
Level Guage
Hence if window type is used then two such indicators should be used. Mfg.by:- M/s. Hydax
One for minimum and other for maximum level. In industry tube type
indicator available in many sizes, out of which 3inch and 5inch distance
between mounting bolts are widely used. Window sizes are available in many sizes. As window
types are mounted with BSP thread, hence they are available from 1/4, to 1 BSP thread sizes.
Thermometer
( Optional )
High
Level
C
100
Thermometer
90
Washer ( NRB )
80
70
60
Cover
Indicator
Tube
'O' ring
End Plug
50
40
Bolt M12
30
20
'O'Ring
10
Nut
( Flnged &
Seprated )
Low
Level
Sometimes, a thermometer is also fixed in tube type oil-level indicator to check the temperature
of fluid. As in no condition temperature of fluid should exceed 70 C.
Tube type oil level indicator consist of two bolts with hole at centre, a tube, a housing,
and oil sealing arrangement. When oil level indicator bolted to reservoir, the oil enters in
tube through the hole provided at the centre of bolt and viewed in transparent tube as indicated in
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of Manufacturers:
1) www.hydaxindia.com
2) www.hydroline.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-7
Hydraulic Accessories
Suction Strainer
Threaded End
filtered
Oil Out
Wire Mesh
oil sucked in
through mesh
IN -TANK SUCTION STAINER
Mfg. by:- M/s. Hydax
Inlet line fiter:Suction filters are also available which could be mounted outside tank. Such filter also
could be fitted with visual indicator, which indicates the choking or clogging of the filter.
Stainer element
Outlet
Outlet
Rotating
disc
Inlet
Inlet
Fitter
Pump
Inlet line
Inlet line filter connected before pump outside tank. (A 100 mesh size
strainer can protect pump from particals upto 150 micron size)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers:
www.hydaxindia.com
www.hydroline.com
www.hydraulic-supply.com
www.eaton.com/EatonCom/ProductsServices/Vickers
: Q.S. Khan
11-8
Hydraulic Accessories
Return (Exhaust)
From system
Suction Filter
Graphic Symbol
Bypass valve
opens if filter
get clogged
indicator
Spring
Popet
Oil inlet
Inlet port
outlet port
mounting
flauge on
tank cover
Body
oil inlet
from system
oil outlet to
reservoir after
filteraton
Tank Top Return line filter with indicator
Mfg. by:- M/s. Hydax
Cartridge
Oil passing
through filtter
: Q.S. Khan
11-9
Hydraulic Accessories
Return line filter is used at point where oil returns to tank. Depending on requirement of
industry it is modified in two following ways:
First type we studied, in which said filter consists of a aluminium body, a paper cartridge
and by-pass valve. In this type when filter gets clogged, then only cartidge is replaced.
In second type, the main aluminium body is made in two parts. First part of body is
fixed to pipe line, tank top cover or manifold block, and second part of body consists of a alumimium
housing fitted with cartridge and by-pass valve, and fitted to first part by threading. when filter gets
clogged then complete second part is replaced. This type is called spin on type return line filter.
In line spin
on Return line filter
Sub-plate mounted
spin on return line filter
Details about Filters and Stainers :1) National fluid power association gives definition of filters and stainers as follow:
Stainer is a coarse filter.
Filter is a device whose primary function is retention of contamination from fluid
by some porous medium.
As stainer is mainly made by wire net or screen, the filtering capacity of stainer is
designated by mesh number or standard sieve number. Higher the mesh or sieve number, the
finer the screen. A 150 mesh size can filter particles up to 100 micron size.
Size of contaminating particle are measured in microns. Hence filters are designated by
size of particle they can prevent from passing through them. If a filter is said to be nominal
10 micron size, that means mostly it will trap particle of 10 micron size or above.
If a filter is said to be a absolute 15 micron size, that means, this is the maximum size of
contamination, which can pass through filter. Above this size filter will never allow any
particle to pass through it. A filter has both nominal and absolute rating, and nominal rating
is smaller than absolute rating.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of Manufacturers:
www.hydaxindia.com
www.hydroline.com
www.polyhydron.com
www.dunham.thomasnet.com/catagory/equip-hydraulic-hose-fitting-eaton-vickers-filters
http://dunham.thomasnet.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-10
Hydraulic Accessories
Section 'XX'
Inlet
Outlet
Filter Cartridge
Section 'AA'
: Q.S. Khan
11-11
Hydraulic Accessories
Removable Air
Filter Cap
( air-fiter assembly )
Air
Bayonet Plate
Gasket
Breather assembly
Mfg. by:- M/s. Hydax
Side Mounting
filler breath assembly
Mfg. by:- M/s. Hydax
Reservoir
Cover Pin
Filter ( filter unit )
Cross Section of
Filler-Breather
www.hydroline.com
http://www.purolator-facet.com/breather.htm
: Q.S. Khan
11-12
Hydraulic Accessories
Bell-Housing
11.11 Bell-Housing
There are two ways of fixing a pump to a motor. First by mounting motor and pump on a
common flat base plate. Motor has its build-in foots, if pump is of foot mounted type then it is
adjusted to the center line of motor and bolted to base plate. Or if pump does not have build-in
foot but flange mounted, then a bracket is made, and then pump is mounted on bracket and
coupled to motor, as shown in following diagram.
Motor ( With foot as well as Flange )
M oto r
Pump
Coupling
M o u n tin g b ra c k e t
of pum p
Bell-Housing
Foot cum flange mounted motor,
pump and bell-housing assembly
Motor
(Flange Mounted)
Reservoir Cover
Coupling
Bell-Housing
High Pressure
Piston Pump
Coupling
Extention Bracket
Low Pressure
Vane / Gear Pump
Assembly of Motor , Bell - Housing , Piston pump ,
Extention Bracket And Loe Pressure Pump
Accuratley machined
surface and Step for fixing
Bell-housing on tank cover
Coupling
Accuratley machined
counter Step for fixing
motor
Machined
bore for pump
Tapped hole for
fixing motor
Section 'XX"
Bell-Housing
Bell-Housing
Mfg. by:- M/s. Polyhydron
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers:
www.polyhydron.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-13
Hydraulic Accessories
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers:
www.polyhydron.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-14
Coupling
Hydraulic Accessories
11.13 Coupling
Couplings are used to couple motor and pump or one pump with another pump. There
are many types of couplings but two types of coupling more commonly used in hydraulic
power pack units are:
1. Flexible Coupling or Gear type Coupling.
2. Spider Coupling.
11.13.1 Flexible Coupling: -
Flexible coupling consists of two hubs made from steel or casting and have external gear type
teethes. Sleeves have internal gear and made from nylon or PTFE. (Polytera-flourotheylene). These
types of coupling can accommodate slight mis-alignment and comparatively less damages to the
bearing of pump and motor due to mis-alignment. Bell-housing is close from all the sides, and
coupling could not be viewed and adjusted while engaging with pump and motor at the time of
assembly. Flexible coupling could be used without any problem of assembly in such situation,
hence this type of coupling is most widely used in hydraulic power pack and in industry.
STEEL GEAR
HUB
STEEL GEAR
HUB
SLEEVE WITH
INTERNAL GEAR MADE
FROM NYLONE OR
TEFLON
Coupling.
Mfg. by:- M/s. Hydax
COUPLING
Hub
Spider made from Synthetic Rubber
Spider Coupling
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers:
www.hydaxindia.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-15
Hydraulic Accessories
Pressure Gauge
Pressure gauge should be very near to pump. As and when oil passes through valves
pressure drops. If oil passes through more numbers of valves, pressure drop may be excessive
(say 15 to 20 kg/cm2). Hence if pressure observed at the actuator end, and then setting of
pressure relief valve adjusted to get the required pressure, then pump has to develop 15 to 20
kg/cm2 more pressure than the relief valve setting, to compensate for pressure drop.
Pressure gauge commercially used in industry, uses bourdon tube principle. Bourdon
tube is a curved pipe which when pressurized tries to straighten. One end of this curved pipe
is fixed, and connected to pressure line, other end which is blind, is free to move as pressure
applied. This movement, through rachet and gear arrangement converted into rotary motion of
pointer.
Bourdon tube is made from elastic material, hence after release of pressure it returns
to its original position. But when it is over pressurized beyond its elastic limit, then it
undergoes plastic deformation, and do not return to its initial position. Hence pointer
also does not returns to zero or initial position.
All manufacturers claim that their pressure gauges can work up to maximum indicating
capacity of their pressure gauge. But most of the time pressure gauge pointer does not
return to zero position, after taking pressure up to its maximum capacity. Hence always
use pressure gauge of double the more capacity than working pressure. That means, for
200kg/cm2 working pressure use pressure gauge of 400 kg/cm2 capacity.
Gear and
ratchet
Gauge face
with scale
25
20
Bourdon
tube
150
1 00
Pointer
50
Link
Case
Pressure
thermocontrols, Mumbai
Pressure gauge with Diaphragm seal:Pressure gauges are also used for measuring pressure of raw material under process.
These raw materials may be corrosive in nature, such as acid etc., or may get crystalised
or solidified in process, resulting in damaging the pressure gauge. Hence for such
application a Diaphragm is used to seal (protect) pressure gauge from raw material
fluid. Such Pressure gauges are filled with temperature stable fluid up to the diaphragm
for sensing pressure of raw material across the diaphragm.
Pressure gauge with electrical contact::Some-time based on value or intensity of pressure, some other electrical device may be activated
or deactivated in a hydraulic system. In such cases, pressure gauge is also modified and
equipped with electrical contact which either gets engaged or disengaged on reaching set
pressure and economical.
: Q.S. Khan
11-16
Pressure Gauge
Hydraulic Accessories
This is an additional feature of pressure gauge, other wise pressure switch is specially
designed for sensing pressure
and making and breaking
electrical contacts.
Electronic pressure gauges:Electronic pressure gauges
are very accurate and can measure
very high pressure (as high as
14000 Bar), with dynamic response
to over 1.5 MHz.
Electronic pressure gauge
uses pressure transducer for
Pressure Gauge with
sensing pressure. Most pressure
Electrical Contact.
Diaphragm
Mfg. by:- M/s. J.N.
transducers consist of some form
Diaphragm protected gauge
thermocontrols, Mumbai
of deflect able or defo rmable
element that serves as the primary
transducers. Deflection of
this element is measured by a secondary transducer, and the measurement is translated
electronically in to a pressure reading.
Secondary Transducers may be a strain gauge, linear variable differential transformer
(LVDTs), and inductive or capacitive strain transducers.
Some types of electronic pressure gauges and their
feature are as follow:
1)
Portable Pressure Indicator :- This is battery operated
and portable pressure indicator with built-in sensor and LCD
display. It is connected to the system by small diagnostic (quick
connection) coupling.
2)
Digital Pressure Indicator :- This unit is permanently
connected to hydraulic system for sensing pressure, and
electrically connected to control panel to draw current for its own
functioning and display. It indicates pressure in LCD display, it can
also give 0.5 DC volt for analog recording.
3)
Digital Pressure Controller :- This unit can indicate,
as well as control the pressure of system. The setting of pressure
inside controller is made by using potentiometer, and it can set
one or two set-points.
4)
Microprocessor based Pressure Data logger :- This
unit records pressure over a period of time. The software used
in it, enable us to set individual control, and alarm level for
each channel. It can indicate pressure control, it sence the fault
and correct it, and record correction over a period of time.
10
20
40
50
30
60
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers:
www.hydaxindia.com
www.hydroline.com
www.waaree.com
www.hindustanhydraulics.com
www.irainstrumentation.com www.jnthermocontrols.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-17
Hydraulic Accessories
Optional
Tank
port
Circuit Symbol
4.
When a system need to read pressure at various points in multi pressure hydraulic
system. Then for convenience, multi-station pressure gauge isolators are used. It replaces
number of pressure gauge and single-station isolator needed to read pressure at various
points.
In multi-station pressure gauge isolator, pressure could be viewed one by one, by
using single pressure gauge and by indexing the knob
Pump Part
J I C Symbol
1 2 3 4 5 6
3
Hub Stroke
60
Multi-station
Pressure gauge isolator
Mfg. by:- M/s. Hydax
60
Drain part
6 - Station
Bolts
Six Point
Where
Pressure is to
be Measured
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers:
www.hydaxindia.com
http://www.process-controls.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-18
Hydraulic Accessories
Oil passes
between
restricted path
between threads
Oil
Screw
Metering pin
restricts the oil
passage
Oil
Pressure Gauge
Connection Port
Nut
Pressure
Locking Screw
'O' Ring
System Pressure
Pressure gauge dampner cum isolator
Some pulsation dampners also have features to isolate pressure gauge, similar to pressure
gauge isolator. But they cannot drain pressure gauge to tank. Hence while using this unit, pressure
gauge should be isolated when there is no pressure in system.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Webites of Manufacturer:
www.hirlekarprecision.com
www.adarshpressuregauge.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-19
Heat Exchangers
Hydraulic Accessories
Air cooler:When heat generated is slightly more than what could be dissipated by surface of
reservo ir, than air- heat
exchanger is used. These are
Air flow
Tube for oil
circulating
similar to radiator used in cars. Fins for
quick
Fan
But construction of radiator
heat
franstle
used for oil cooling is more
stronger than car radiator to
Of pump
D
& Motor
withstand back pressure of
hydraulic system. Air is passed
Fined
Motor
tubes
over fins by additional electric
motor.
coupled to
There are few model in
Fan
coupling of
which fan is fixed to the coupling
motor
between prime mover (motor)
Air Oil Cooler Cross Section
Air Oil Cooler
and pump, and fined tubes
Mfg. by:- M/s. Santosh Products,
Mumbai.
thoughout with oil is circulated
is surround the coupling and fan.
It is circular in form. This type of air-cooler is compact, but used for small system only
Drawback of air cooler is that they cannot cool below ambient temperature, and generally oil
temperature remain 50C above ambient temperature, and initial cost is high as compared to water
cooler.
M
Hudraulic Symbol
When oil is
forcefully passed
over fins of radiator
by fan, then such
Air-Coolers are
called Air-Blast oil
coolers.
Air-oil Cooler.
Mfg. by:- M/s. Maruthi
Air Blast
Cooling System
Mfg. by:- M/s. Maruthi Cooling System
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Addresses or websites of manufacturers:
www.swep.net
www.maruthicoolingsystems.com
Santosh Products : 8, Sardar Pratap Singh Industrial Estate No.1, LBS. Marg, (W) Mumbai-400078
: Q.S. Khan
11-20
Water Cooler
Hydraulic Accessories
Oil out
water in
water out
Copper Tube
Baffles
Liquid - to - Air Heat Exchanger
Side view
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of Manufacturers:
www.swep.net
www.maruthicoolingsystems.com
www.nationalcoolingtowers.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-21
Chillers
Hydraulic Accessories
Air-cooled chiller
Mfg. by:- M/s. National Engineering
Water-cooled chiller
Mfg. by:- M/s.National Engineering
Air-cooled chiller
Mfg. by:- M/s. Maruthi
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers:
www.swep.net
www.maruthicoolingsystems.com
www.nationalcoolingtowers.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-22
Hydraulic Accessories
Cooling Tower
Air Outlet
Draft Eliminater
Support Mesh
Header with Nozzles
P.V.C. Fills
Support Mesh
Air Inlet
Over Flow
Cold Water Outlet
F.R.P. COOLING TOWER
Mfg. by M/s.National Engineering
Cooling tower is also used to cool the circulating water, which is used for cooling of
condenser of oil cooling chiller.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers:
www.nationalcoolingtowers.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-23
Heater
Hydraulic Accessories
11.21 Heater
Generally hydraulic systems are designed for hydraulic oil with viscosity between 32 to
68 cSc. If viscosity falls bellow 32 cSt, oil become too thin and internal leakage between
components of valve and pump increases, and if viscosity increases beyond 68 cSt, the oil
becomes too thick and pump could not suck it through suction filter. This causes cavitation
in pump casing, which damages the pump.
When ambient temperature become too low, then oil is heated to maintain its viscosity.
Heating could be achieved by circulating hot water in shell and tube type oil cooler, or it
could be heated by electric heater.
For electrically heating oil, heater with low-heat-density design (10 watt, per square
inch) is used, so that oil should non start burning.
Heater is placed very near to pump suction and thermostatically controlled.
Heating element
Thermostatic control
Heater
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers:
www.warrenelectriccorp.com/applications/hydraulic-oil-heaters/default.asp
: Q.S. Khan
11-24
Hydraulic Accessories
Side mounted
Pivoted Float
Displacer
Paddle Type
Condutivity
Top mounted
Float Chamber
Tilting Float
R.F. capicitance
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers:
www.punetechtrol.com
www.waaree.com
www.kobold.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-25
Hydraulic Accessories
Flow Meter
Oil Flow
Electronic
Electronical output
Turbine Meter
Flow
Positive-displacement meter
: Q.S. Khan
11-26
Hydraulic Accessories
Flow Meter
Piston
( A magnet attached to it )
Spring
3
6
7
Oil flow
( inlet )
Oil flow
( outlet )
S
S N
Pointer
(A magnet attached to it )
4) There sre many type of flow meters which functions on various principles, some of
them are as follow:
1) Vertex meter
2) Fluide oscillator meter.
3) Pilot tube type flow meter.
4) Venturis and flow nozzlestypeflow meter.
5) Jet deflection meters.
6) Turbine flow meter.
For more details about working principle and measurement techniques, kindly refer
book of measurement system. Few of them are as follow.
1)
2)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers:
www.waaree.com
www.kobold.com
www.webster-instruments.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-27
Hydraulic Accessories
Dial indicator
Sensor
Thermometer
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers: www.kobold.com
www.irainstrumentation.com
www.nutronicsindia.com
www.scientificcontrols.com www.precimeasure.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-28
Hydraulic Accessories
Magnetic Separators
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers:
www.hydroline.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-29
Pipe Clamp
Hydraulic Accessories
Fastener
Fastener
Top Steel cover
Bottom Steel
cover
Synthetic Rubber
Bushing
Support to whom
clamp is welded
: Q.S. Khan
11-30
Diagnostic Couplers
Hydraulic Accessories
O-ring
Mfg.by:- M/s.Hydrotechnik
Poppet
Pressure
gauge
Pressure
Transducer
Female coupling
attached to hose
pipe and pessure
gauge to read the
pressure
Piercing pin pushes the poppet of male coupling from its seat. While doing
so, pin itself get lifted from seat and fluid gets clear passage to pass
across both fittings. The O-ring in male fitting holds the diameter of
piercing pin and make a leak proof joint.Hence male and female coupling
are engaged and disengaged without a drop of leakage. For temperature
measurement, poppet and piercing pin are modified to have a long probe
deep immersed in male fitting into the fluid pipe line
Oil flow
: Q.S. Khan
11-31
Hydraulic Accessories
Diffuser
11.28 Diffusers
Inner cylinder
Outer cylinder
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers:
www.lenzinc.com
www.chemical-injection-pumps.com
www.hydroline.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-32
Hydraulic Accessories
Hydraulic Fuse
: Q.S. Khan
11-33
Hydraulic Accessories
Flexible separators
Inside of separator is
open atmosphere with
free flow of air in and
out.
Sealed tank
Pump unit
Filter unit
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Website of Manufacturer: www.olaer.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-34
Hydraulic Accessories
Section-B
ACCESSORIES FOR BETTER
FUNCTIONING OF
HYDRAULIC MACHINES
: Q.S. Khan
11-35
Hydraulic Accessories
IN
Flex-hose
OUT
Motor
Electric
Motor
Suction
Stainer
Pump
Suction filter
Pump
Clean oil
exhausted to tank
Housing bell
Positive
Electrode
Positively charged
contamintion
Particles
: Q.S. Khan
Negative
Electrode
+
+
+
+
+
Neutral
contamintion
Particles
Negatively charged
contamintion
Particles
11-36
Oil Cleaner
Hydraulic Accessories
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers:
www.ferrocare.com
www.hydrodyneindustries.com
www.hydroline.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-37
Hydraulic Accessories
As flow increases the force developed due to resistance to flow also increases and when it
overcomes spring force, it forces closing-element on valve seat and stops flow through the
valve completely.
2. To open the valve again pressure is applied in reverse direction, to lift the closing element.
3. Valve is calibrated for 20% more flow, as small amount of flow fluctuation is common
whenever the direction control valve is actuated. Also as temperature of oil drops, its velocity
increases. More viscous oil exerts more closing force on valve, with same flow rate.
4. This valve should not be used as switching valve for repeated closing action. It is also
recommended that in case of hose failure, this valve should also be replaced along with the
new hose.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers:
www.hydacusa.com
www.expoemirates.com
www.fluidpress.it
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11-38
Hydraulic Accessories
Quick-connection coupling
: Q.S. Khan
11-39
Hydraulic Accessories
Construction of Quick connection coupling:Quick connection coupling consists of two check valves. The poppet of check valve is of
special shape with projected front portion. When male and female coupling are pressed against
each other, the projected part of poppet of both male and female coupling presses back each
other, and lifts the poppet from its seat, and makes path for oil to flow.
To lock both the coupling in engaged condition, a spring loaded sliding sleeve and locking
steel ball is used. Before engaging and disengaging the couplings, sleeve is pulled back, this
allows steel ball to move in groove or out of groove. Once both couplings get engaged. The
spring of sleeve force sleeve to slide forward and overlap steel ball, which locks the steel
ball in groove , and both coupling remain engaged, For disengagement again sleeve is pulled
back, and both coupling pulled apart.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers:
www.unitread.co.in
: Q.S. Khan
11-40
Rotary Joints
Hydraulic Accessories
Dirt seal
Roller thrust
bearing
Rotary Joints.
Mfg. by:- M/s. Deublin Company. (USA)
Steel -housing
Rotary Seal
Outlet port
Under pressure rotary makes the joint become leak proof. Because of oil pressure
outlet side port and rotor end port will try to push each other apart. It is steel honing
which holds than together. To outlet port side the unit by means stationery threading.
And to Rotor end side it hold the unit in place through the thrust a bearing. With stand
separation face acting on both units, as well as allows relative rotational motion.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Addresses or websites of manufacturers:
www.deublin.com
www.aiplen.com
www.rotherm.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-41
Hydraulic Accessories
Vibration Control System. Mfg. by:- M/s. Gerb Vibration Control System.
Compression Mount
Combi Mount
Combi Mount
Sandwich Mount
Sandwich Mount
Machine Mount
Dome Mount
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Website of manufacturers:
www.gerb.com
www.polybondindia.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-42
Anchor Bolt
Hydraulic Accessories
Foundation plate
Piercing rod
Anchor
bolt
hallow anchor
bolts
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11-43
Hydraulic Accessories
: Q.S. Khan
11-44
Hydraulic Accessories
Hand-Pump
11.38 Hand-Pump
Hand pump is the first
hydraulic unit developed
centuries ago, and still it is one
of the most important hydraulic
unit used in industry. It is simplest
and easiest equipment by which
a high pressure fluid could be
supplied. It basically consists of two
check valves, a small cylinder and
piston arrangement, and a lever with
linkages to reciprocate the piston in
cylinder.
Hydraulic symbol
Shut-off valve
3
4
2
Oil port
3
1
Oil tank
Dual discharge hand-pumps are manufactured for convenience in operation and to save
production time. In dual discharge hand-pump, approximately 50 cc oil is delivered in one
stroke, up to the working pressure of 30 bar. And when 30 bar pressure reaches, pump
automatically changes over to smaller discharge per stroke. It may be 5 cc per stroke for
pressure up to 350 bar and 2.5 cc per stoke for pressure up to 700 bar. This data is for handpump made by m/s. Polyhydron. Pressure and discharge per stroke may vary for other
manufacturers.
HYDRAULIC SYMBOL
Mfg. by:M/s. Polyhydron
30
bar
or
30
350
bar
As technology progressed, hand pump also innovated and modified as per the requirement
of industry. Few examples of use of hand pump are as follow:
Car jack
Pallet truck
Car jack
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers:
www.mahindrastiller.com
www.americasprideonline.com
www.polyhydron.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-45
Hydraulic Accessories
Lubrication System
: Q.S. Khan
Inlet
outlets
5
B
Six-way Distributor
11-46
Hydraulic Accessories
Lubrication System
6
C
5
B
3
A
6
C
5
4
3
A
Metering Cartridges:These are valve which eject metered amount of oil to the each lubrication point.
It requires recharging time of minimum 1 minute between two cycles, An individual
oil distributor is required for individual lubrication point in order to ensure the
correct amount of lUbricating oil is fed on lubrication point, oil distributor of
correct dosage should be selected.
The guide line for selection of oil distributor with respect to lubrication area to
be lubricated is given below :
1. Normal Condition
The Oil allocated for the lubrication point is in front of the piston in
the distributor.
2. Discharge Condition
When Oil is fed by the centralised Lubrication
pump, the oil pressures over the seal into the
space, (2) Below the piston (4) and then the piston
(5) moves up against the spring Force and discharges
the oil lying in front of the piston into the system. The
main line pressure 10-27 bar (minus the spring
pressure) is the pressure which pushes the piston in
the forward direction.
3. Refill Condition
On releasing the main line pressure (0.5-1 bar)
the spring presses the piston down creation an
oil pressure, which expands the lip seal (2) which in
turn seals the bore and opens the passage (6) oil then flows from below the
piston through the passage (6) to the top of the piston till the stroke of the
piston is competed. The passage (6) is again sealed and the
distributor is ready for the next cycle.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
5
6
W ebsites of manufacturers:
www.rbrhw.c om www.dropco.com
www.systematrixengg.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-47
Rod-end Bearing
Hydraulic Accessories
Link ball
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Addresses or websites of manufacturers:
www.igus.de
www.bellhydromatics.com
www.vardhmanbearings.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-48
Flow Divider
Hydraulic Accessories
Mfg. by:M/s.Vivolo(Italy)
G2
G3
Vivolo oleodinamica of Italy manufactures a compact tendum gear pump type flow divider,
which can function as a flow divider, as pump and a motor. It can synchronise number of cylinders
at a time, or at act as pump, or motor for all the cylinders or individual cylinder, depending upon the
configuration of flow divider and hydraulic circuit.
This flow divider is not pressure compensated.
G1
G2
G3
When this unit is used for speed synchronisation,
depending on load on each cylinder, there may be speed
difference, and at end of stroke, some cylinder may
extended more than other. To equalise all the strokes at
the end, a phase correction valve is added (inbuilt), so
that the fastest cylinder wait after completing stoke, till
other cylinder complete their stroke. And in this waiting
P
period the oil of fastest cylinder by passes to tank via
Diagram Of Three - Element
Diveder With Motor
phase correction valve (which is basically a relief valve).
When suction and delivery of last element isolated
A
G2 T G3
from others, then this unit can act as a pump or motor for
other hydraulic circuit.
When oil under pressure is supplied at p1, and
p2 connected to tank, then last element acts as
independent pump for any other circuit. And when
P2
P1
pressurised oil supplied at p2, and p1 connected to tank,
Diagram Of Two - Element
then last element works as motor for rotating shaft of
Valve With Motor
remaining element, for drawing equal amount of oil from
cylinders.
The application of said flow divider, we will study, in section of hydraulic circuit.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers:
www.vivoil.com
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11-49
Hydraulic Accessories
Normally open
Electrical point
( NO )
Piston
Poppet
Check Nut
Oil Pressure
Oil seal
Screw Adjusting
Oil inlet
Spring
Drain
Electrical Switch
Threading
Socket For
Tightning By
Elen Key
Pressure Line
Drain
Cross Section of - Model__________ Presure Switch of M/S Polyhydron
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
W ebsites of manufacturers: www.polyhydron.com
www.hydrotechnik.com
Yuken: www.yukenindia.com
www.rexroth.com
www.eaton.com/eatonCom/productsservices/vickers
: Q.S. Khan
11-50
Hydraulic Accessories
Photoelectric
(Invisible rays)
A photoelectric sensor consist of an emitter for emitting light, a receiver for receiving light.
When emitted light is interrupted or reflected by the sensing object, it changes the amount of light
that arrives at the receiver. The receivers detects this changes and converts it to an electrical output
which is generally 10 mA current (Max). This out put current is sensed and processed by control
pannel for next operation.
Photoelectric switches could be used in three ways
Through Scan
1) Through scan:- Here the transmitter and receiver are housed
separately and are positioned on either side of the monitored
object(s).
2) Retroreflection scan:- A reflection is used here to direct
beam from transmitter to receiver, both of which are housed
together. This type is specially designed for applications where
space is at a premium.
Retroreflectivi Scan
Diffuse Scan
3) Retroreflective Sensor
4) Through Scan Sensor
2) Diffuse Scan Sensor
1) Fork Slot Sensor
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Addresses or websites of manufacturers : Electronic Switches (India)Pvt. Ltd.,C-3, Savali Row House, Thatte Nagar, Gangapur Road, Nashik - 422 005 (India)
www.electroarts.org
: Q.S. Khan
11-51
Hydraulic Accessories
11.44 Limit Switches :This electrical accessory is used in hydraulic presses to sense the stroke of cylinder, or
movement or position of a moving part.
Limit switches basically consist of a electric switch, a mechanism to actual said switch, and
a aluminium housing or encloser.
When a moving part passes close to the limit switch, it physically actuates it. This actuation
cause changing over of contacts in electrical switch in-side casing of limit switch. Change of contact
may be from NC (Normally close) to NO (Normally open) or NO to NC, or both if two elements
are used inside. This change over of electrical contact gives signal in control panel for next operation
of process cycle.
Different types of limit switches designed in industry to suit different requiremnents. The
detail of which could be studies from their cataloque or websites.
X
Aluminium
housing
Bakalight Housing
For Electrical
Contacts
Side view
( Cross Section
For 'XX' )
Normally Close
Electric Contacts
( NC )
Normally Open
Electric Contacts
( NO )
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of Manufacturers : www.pewa.panasonic.com
www.proximity-sensor-switches.com
www.parasproximity.com
www.technik.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-52
Hydraulic Accessories
casing
electrical
elemants
spring
loaded
knob
11.46 Proximity Switches :This electrical accessory is similar to limit switches, but it get
actuated without physical contact. It works on principle of induction.
The distance of sensing may be from 1mm to 5mm (depending on
design). It get actuated without physical contact, and changes over
contact from NO to NC or NC to NO. It has only one contact that is
either NO or NC. Proximity switches are also available AC as well
as DC voltage.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
W ebsites of manufacturer: www.plamoulds.com
www.nema.org
www.mcgillelectriccal.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-53
Hydraulic Accessories
11.47 Foot Operated Switches:This electrical accessory is used in hydraulic press, where the operator, operate press
(gives actuation signal) by his foot instead of his hand.
For example in hose-crimping machine, operator holds the hose in his hand between
crimping jaws and operate machine by foot switch. In punching and marking press, operator
holds the component in hand and operate machine by foot switch.
Hence foot operated switch is one of the important electrical accessory, which reduces
the additional man-power, and increases the productivity of operator.
Foot operated switch is also similar to limit switches. It consist of aluminium hosing or
encloser, an electrical switch or element, and a mechanism to actuate electrical switch by foot.
Different types of foot operated switches available in market are as follow.
Housing
Padle
Electrical
Switch
Spring loadad
pushing pin
Cross-section of foot operated switches
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
W ebsites of manufacturers: www.brisk.co.in
www.kinesis-ergro.com
www.footswitch.co.in
: Q.S. Khan
11-54
Hydraulic Accessories
11.48 Transmitters:- Transducers gives signal in form of few milivolt or mili ampre. This small
signal may be two small to be sensed or actuate next operation in control panel. Hence by
another electronic circuit they are amplified to such an extent that they could be used in PLC or
CNC control panel. When a transducers has an in-built amplifieing circuit, then that unit is called
as trnasmitters. For example pressure transmitters, Temperature transmitters etc
T e m p e r a t u r e
Pressure Transmitters
Model:- 221C-Series
Pressure Transmitters
Model:- PTX-300XX-Series
Mfg. by:- Instrument research
Association Pvt. Ltd.
Thermocouples
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Websites of manufacturers: www.waaree.c om
www.irainstrumentation.com
www.ssntonline.com
www.omega.com
www.hytechmicro.com
www.ajaysensors.com
www.waaree.c om
www.kobold.com
Design and Manufacturing of Hydraulic Presses.
: Q.S. Khan
11-55
Hydraulic Accessories
L
A
Where R = Resistance
A = Cross section area of conductor (m2)
L = Length of conductor (m)
= Resistivity of conductor ( m)
The resistance of metal changes if length of conductor changes, or if conductor is strained,
or if conductor changes.
Potentiometer is a electrical resistance transducer, which measures linear or rotational
displacement by measuring changes in resistance due to change in length of conductor. Load cells
or pressure transducer uses strain gauge, in which change in resistance is due to change in strain in
electrical conductor, which is caused by application of pressure or force.
In temperature transducer, changes in resistance is measured , which is due to change in
temperature in conductor.
For measuring change in resistance of conductor, an AC or DC current is continuously
passed through conductor, and resistance is continuously measured by switchable electronic circuit
and instrument. Any change in resistance is sensed and converted in suitable form to indicate the
change in parameter which is to be measured.
A potentiometer consist of very thin wire of 0.01 mm diameter of platinum or nickel alloy,
and carefully wound on an insulator (cermet, carbon or other metals are also used), and a sliding
contact. Sliding contact is called wiper. The motion of sliding contact on resistive element may be
transitory or rotational.
When wiper slides on resistive wire the length of effective length of resistive wire changes,
resulting in changing of total resistance of conductor. This change is measured and converted
suitably to read visually or converted in to electrical signal to actuate any other electronic instrument.
The instrument which is used to visually read the reading of movement is called Digital
Read Out or DRO. Linear potentiometer and DRO is widely used in hydraulic press to read
stroke of cylinder.
: Q.S. Khan
11-56
Hydraulic Accessories
Secondary
winding S1
Primary
winding P S2
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
W ebsites of manufacturers: www.etamic.com
: Q.S. Khan
11-57
Hydraulic Accessories
L
A
Where R = Resistance
A = Cross section area of conductor (m2)
L = Length of conductor (m)
= Resistivity of conductor ( m)
The resistance of metal changes if length of conductor changes, or if conductor is strained, or
if temperature of conductor changes.
Potentiometer is a electrical resistance transducer, which measures linear or rotational
displacement by measuring changes in resistance due to change in length of conductor. Load cells
or pressure transducer uses strain gauge, in which change in resistance is due to change in strain in
electrical conductor, which is
Shaft
caused by application of pressure
or force.
Wiper
+ In temperature transducer,
e
Wiper
changes in resistance is measured
, which is due to change in
Mandrel
Resistance
Resistance
wire
wire
temperature of conductor.
e
Angular
+
e
i
displacement
Mandrel
For measuring change in
Rotary pot
Linear (translational) pot
resistance of conductor, an AC or
DC current is continuously passed
through conductor, and resistance is continuously measured by suitable electronic circuit and
instrument. Any change in resistance is sensed and converted in suitable form to indicate the
change in parameter which is to be measured.
A potentiometer consist of very thin wire of 0.01 mm diameter of platinum or nickel alloy, and
carefully wound on an insulator (cermet, carbon or other metals are also used), and a sliding
contact. Sliding contact is called wiper. The motion of sliding contact on resistive element may be
transitory or rotational.
When wiper slides on resistive wire the length of effective length of resistive wire changes,
resulting in changing of total resistance of conductor. This change is measured and converted
suitably visual reading or converted in to electrical signal to actuate any other electronic instrument.
The instrument which is used to visually read the reading of movement is called Digital Read
Out or DRO. Linear potentiometer and DRO is widely used in hydraulic press to read and
control stroke of cylinder.
ei
Potentiometer
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Addresses or websites of manufacturer: www.uniautomation.com
Holmark Slides & Controls(P)Ltd; P.B. No.2244, Edappally, COCHIN - 682024 (India)
Orbotal Systems (Bombay)Pvt. Ltd; F-129, Ansa Industrial Estate, Saki Vihar Road, Mumbai - 400072 (India)
: Q.S. Khan
11-58
Hydraulic Accessories
Linear Motion Transducers:Many Hydraulic machines and presses requires exact positioning of components under process.
For example, plate sharing ,machine requires quick and precise setting of back mark for cutting
plate precisely as per required length. Similarly plate punching machines, press brake etc. all require
precise position of component.
Reading the position of a component and controlling, correcting and positioning through electric
circuit is possible with help of a position transducer. This transducer moves along the moving parts,
and provides electrical analog signal proportional to the position of moving port. Output signal
may be voltage or current. For long distance travel which may be from 50 to 1200 mm, a
potentiometer is used, and for short distance travel from fraction of a millimeter to few centimeters,
linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) is used.
: Q.S. Khan
11-59
Hydraulic Accessories
11.52 Load cells:Cross section of hydraulic cylinder are multiplied by working pressure, is equal to force
developed by cylinder. But what we calculate theoretically may not be available on the work
piece, may due to friction between moving part of the press, pressure drop in hydraulic line,
unreliable pressure gauge etc.
In mass production if we get final product as per our specification , with in safe capacity
machine, then we dont care about the exact force at which we get our production. But in case
of calibration of machine in its initial stage of trial and assembly, or for any requirement where
exact force developed by press or tank or cylinder is to be calculated, estimated or crosschecked , then electronic gadgets are used which can precisely indicate load or force developed.
Load cell is one of the most important unit used for this purpose. It works on principle of
strain gauge, and gives output signal in form of voltage or current, using electronic current said
output signal is converted directly into unit of force and can be viewed on LCD screen.
Various types of load cell designed for various application are as follow.
Double ended
shearbeam type Load cell
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
W ebsite of manufacturer: www.atco-industries,com
: Q.S. Khan
11-60
Hydraulic Accessories
11.53 Programmable logic control (PLC) :Refer to the chapter of hydraulic circuit diagram, section ___, in which we described the
sequence of operation of deep drawing press.
Conventional electrical control panel could be made to have sequence of operation as per
requirement. But in such control panel the sequence of operation, which we have decided before
making and wiring of control panel can not be changed afterward. For any change, wiring of
control panel has to be changed accordingly.
To solve this problem, programmable Logic Control (PLC) has been designed and developed.
In PLC we can store 99 or more programs, and in each program we can have different
sequences of operation.
Without having a physical timer in control panel, we can make a program, in which we can
decide time of each operation. (Delay time, curing time etc.)
PLCs are designed to have many input and output signals, it many ranges from few to more
than 100 signals.
PLC has a central processing unit, similar to what calculator or computer do have. A monitor
or screen which is like calculator. A key-board similar to calculator. Provision to connect it to
computer for selecting or changing program, and provision to feed input signal and receive out put
signal.
PLC can have in-built counter.
While using PLC, we do have all the sensors and control units in machine, such as limit switches,
pressure switches, proximity switches, temperature sensor and controller, encoder, photo-sensor,
solenoid valves etc.
We also have conventional control panel with contactors to supply rated voltage and current to
various electrical units, such as solenoid valves, heater, cooler, starter for motor etc.
Through output signal and small relays PLC control the contactors and relays of connected
load such as contactors of motor starter, contactors of solenoid valve etc. And by controlling
sequence of the actuation of these contactors and relays PLC control over all functioning of
control panel and machine.
A photograph of PLC and details provided by its manufacturer are as follow:
P o we r
supply
PLC
Input and
output slot
Keyboard
: Q.S. Khan
11-61
Hydraulic Accessories
: Q.S. Khan
11-62
Hydraulic Accessories
Tape
preparation
Process
Planning
Finished
product
NC Machine
tool
Computer
assisted part
programming
Computrised Numerical Control (CNC) :CNC machines are advance model of NC machine.
In case of Computrised numerical control, a computer is attached to machine. Instead of feeding
punched card (as in case of NC machine) a program can directly be feed to machine by keyboard.
Number of program could be stored in memory of computer.
Computer also has diagnostic software which enables easy trouble shooting, if CNC system
malfunctions.
The valves and components used in CNC machines are proportional or servo control type, with
feed-back arrangement. Hence computer constantly monitor the output of machine and in case of
deviation from standard parameter. It modifies the input signal to match the output paramete as per
standard or reference parameter.
CNC is advance stage of PLC. It also replaces the fixed hand-wired function. It has programmable flexible function with addition of self diagnostic and correcting feature through servo valves
and components.
Programmed
Tape
Tape
reader
Memory
storage
Computer
Servo
CNC machine
tool
Feedback
device
: Q.S. Khan
11-63
Hydraulic Accessories
ELECTRIC DIAGRAM
POWER
RELAY
12 Vdc
or
24 Vdc
: Q.S. Khan
11-64