INTERNATIONAL JUNIOR SCIENCE OLYMPIAD

Jakarta - Indonesia
December 5-14,2004

Solutions for TEST COMPETITION

1. The mobile system in the Figure is in the equilibrium condition. The object of mA has a mass of
0.5 kg and hang at the first crossbar. The second crossbar supports the mass of mB and mC.
Determine the tension F at the first crossbar and the masses of the objects mB and mC by
neglecting the weights of crossbars. ( g = 9.8 m/s2).

10 cm

2 cm

mB

3 cm

9 cm

mC

A.

F = 6.37 N, mB = 0.12 kg, mC = 0.03 kg

B.

F = 5.37 N, mB = 0.12 kg, mC = 0.03 kg

C.

F = 6.37 N, mB = 0.10 kg, mC = 0.03 kg

D.

F = 6.37 N, mB = 0.12 kg, mC = 0.01 kg

Answer: A

mA = 0.5

Solution
Look at the sub-system at the upper crossbar, and consider the center of rotation at the F.

= 0
0 = 0.03 0.5 kg 9.8 m / s 2 + 0.1 FCB
FBc =

0.03 0.5 9.8

= 1,47 N
0.1

Look at the sub-system of mBmC, and consider the center of rotation at the edge of mB.

= 0
= 0.02 FBC 0.11 FC
Fc =

0.02 FBC 0.02 1.47 N

=
0.11
0.11
= 0,267 N
F
0.267 N
mC = C =
g
9.8 m / s 2
mC = 0.03 kg

Again look at the sub-system of mBmC, and consider the center of rotation at the edge of mC.

= 0

= 0.09 FBC + 0.11 FB

FB =

0.09 FBC 0.09 m 1.47 N

=
= 1.2 N
0.11
0.11 m
mB =

1,2 N
9.8 m / s 2

= 0.12 kg

Therefore: F = F A + FBC = (0.5 9,8 + 1,47 ) N = 6.37 N

===================================================
2. Two identical twin babies are born from one mother. The babies are the result of the fertilization of:
A.

One ovum with two sperms

B.

Two ovums with one sperm

C.

One ovum with one sperm

D.

Two ovums with two sperms

Answer: C
The principle of fertilization: one ovum is fertilized by one sperm. So the answer of (A) & (B) are wrong.
The answer of D probably is true but it cannot be accepted since the mother only delivers two identical
babies one to each other.

3. The voltage in household wiring (220 volt) is used for lighting of a 100 W-bulb. The resistance R
of the tungsten at 20 oC is 89.5 . If the temperature coefficient of tungsten = 0.0045 oC-1,
estimate the temperature of the tungsten used as a wire resistance in the bulb.
A. 1120 oC
B. 1020 oC
C. 1000 oC
D.
980 oC
Answer: C
Solution
I = P/V = 100 W/ 220V = 0.4545 A, R(t) = V/I = 484.05 ,
R(t) = Ro [1 + (T To)] = 89.5 [1 + 0.0045 oC-1 (T-20) oC]
T = 1000 oC
===================================================================
4. Select the statement that is not an appropriate method for separating and purifying substances:
A. Petroleum is separated from crude oil by fractional distillation
B. The mixture of various compounds could be separated by chromatography
C. Sodium Chloride is separated from the seawater by extraction
D. Iodine contained in sand mixture is separated by sublimation
Answer : C
Sodium Chloride in seawater cannot be separated by extraction but crystallization.
===================================================================
5. A student sees the top and the bottom edges of a pool simultaneously at an angle of 14o above
the horizontal as shown in the Figure.
n1 = 1
o

14

h
n2 = 1.33
x
What is the new view angle, if he wants to see the top edge and the bottom center of the pool
index of refraction, nwater = n2 = 1.33 and nair = n1 = 1)?
A.
B.
C.
D.

28.4o
38.0o
46.8o
51.3o

(n =

Answer: D
Solution
In order to see the bottom edge of the pool
n1 sin (90o -14o) = n2 sin
sin 76o = 1.33 sin = 46.85
tan = 1.07
In order to see the bottom center of the pool
sin (90o 2 ) = n2 .

1
2
2

x
= n2 . sin((tan-1
( x + h2 )
1
4

1
2

tan ))

= 1.33 sin(tan-1 1.07/2)

= 0.626
2 = 90o sin -1 [0.626] = 51.3o
====================================================================
6. The mechanisms of antibiotics are to inhibit the following processes, except:
A.

nucleic acid synthesis

B.

protein synthesis

C.

capsule synthesis

D.

cell wall synthesis

Answer: C

The target of antibiotic in the body or cell of organism are: the cell wall, the
membrane cell, protein synthesis and nucleic acid synthesis
====================================================================
7. Several indicators are used to determine the pH of river water sample. If an indicator was added to
the sample, the color of indicators added to the water sample is shown below:

Indicator added

Methyl orange
Methyl red
Bromthymol blue
Phenolphthalein
Table: pH range of indicators used:

Color of indicator in
water sample
yellow
yellow
blue
colorless

Indicator

Range of pH

Changes in color

Methyl orange
Methyl red
Bromthymol blue
Phenolphthalein

3.1 4.4
4.2 6.2
6.0 7.6
8.3 9.6

red to yellow
red to yellow
yellow to blue
colorless to red

By using pH range of above indicators, the pH range of the river water is:

A.

3.1 < pH < 7.0

B.

4.4 < pH < 7.6

C.

6.0 < pH < 8.3

D.

7.6 < pH < 8.3

Answer: D

Treatment the sample with indicators gives results:

- Methyl orange changes color to be yellow indicates that pH > 4.4
- Methyl red changes color to be yellow, indicates that pH > 6.2
- Bromthymol blue changes color to be blue, indicates that pH > 7.6
- Phenolphthalein changes color to be colorless, indicates that pH < 8.3
Therefore the pH range of the sample is 7.6 < pH < 8.3

8. Choose the incorrect match between organ, sensory cell and type of receptor from the table
below.
Organ
I. Tongue
II. Ear
III. Nose
IV. Eye

A.
B.
C.
D.

I, 4, a
II, 3, c
III, 2, c
IV, 1, b

Answer: C

Clear

Sensory cells
1. Cone cells
2. Chemoreceptor cells
3. Hair cells
4. Taste bud

Type of Receptor
a. Chemoreceptor
b. Photoreceptor
c. Mechanoreceptor

9. A woman who has four sisters married to a man who has three brothers and one sister. What is the
usual probability of having a son if they have a child?
A.
B.
C.
D.

12.5%
25%
50%
75%

Answer: C. The probability to get a boy or a girl is always fifty- fifty

===============================================================

10. In a chemical reaction, when calcium changes (atomic number, Z = 20) to form calcium ions, the
ions react with carbonate ions. In this reaction each calcium atom:
A.
B.
C.
D.

releases one electron

releases two electrons
gains two electrons
increases atomic number by two

Answer: B
+2
20Ca

20Ca
20Ca
+2
20Ca

+ 2eCalcium atom has 20 electrons

Calcium ion has 18 electrons

11. X is a white solid substance. When X is heated, it produces a white solid substance Y and gas Z.
The produced gas in the reaction is similar to the gas produced by burning carbon in excess of
oxygen, and Y is an oxide. From this information, it can be concluded that:
A.
B.
C.
D.

X, Y and Z are compounds

Only X and gas Z are compounds
Y is an element and gas Z is a compound
X and Y are pure compounds

Answer: A
The reaction: X (s)

Y (s) + Z (g)

Z is CO2(g) which produced from oxidation of carbon:

C(s) + O2(g)

CO2(g)

Substance X is a carbonate salt, such as MCO3 (for example M = Ca, Mg, Ba)
(a white solid) substance X is MCO3 and if MCO3 is heated, the metal oxide (white solid) and CO2
(carbon dioxide) gas will be formed.
MCO3(s)

MO(s) + CO2(g)

White

white

colorless

For test problems No. 12 and 13, read the statement below:

Hypertension is one of diseases that can cause death. The disease is indicated by a high blood
pressure (above normal, higher than 140/90 mm Hg). The term blood pressure usually refers to the
force pushing against an arterial wall. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart attacks, heart
disease, strokes and kidney failure. Hypertension might be related to increasing of sodium ion
concentration [atomic mass (A) of sodium = 23; atomic number (Z) = 11]. Diet plays important role
in hypertension, additional food such as orange, banana and vegetables could reduce blood pressure.
Based on the study, orange, banana and vegetables contain potassium ion, K (A = 39, Z = 19).
Fifteen out of twenty people that take those diets have reduction of blood pressure (diastolic &
systolic) with obvious reduced of diastolic up to 2.4 mm Hg.
12. Active metal ion that present in orange, banana and vegetable contains ............... electrons
and protons
A. 10 and 11
B. 11 and 11
C. 18 and 19
D. 19 and 19
Answer = C
Solution
The active metal ion is K+, which contains 18 electrons and 19 protons

13. Based on the above research, hypertension and the kidney failure might indicate
A.
B.
C.
D.

imbalance of Na+ / K+
failure of Na+ / K+ re-absorption
substitution of Na+ by K+
retention of K+ or Na+

Answer = A
Solution
Hypertension is due to excess of Na+ which can be balanced by K+ .
==============================================================
For Test Problem No: 14 and 15
Blood Circulatory System
The following curves show the pressure and velocity variation in the blood as it moves through the
systemic circulatory system for a normal adult human. From the aorta the blood flows into the
major arteries, then into the smaller arteries (arterioles), and finally into the capillaries. At each
stage, these blood vessels are divided into many smaller vessels. The fluid flow (Q, volume/unit
time) equal to pressure difference divided by R (Q = P/R), where R is the fluid resistance of a
single vessel. This equation is also valid for a complex network of interconnected vessels, such as
the blood vessels in the circulatory system when R is taken to be the total resistance of the network.

14. If the radius (r) of the aorta is about 0.9 cm, use the data from the figure to estimate the flow rate of
the blood Q:
A.
B.
C.
D.

1.3 x 10-4 m3/s

2.8 x 10-4 m3/s
1.2 x 104 m3/s
1.3 x 104 m3/s

Answer =A
Solution
The flow rate Q = vA = vr2 = 0.5 m/s . (9 x 10-3 m)2 = 1.3 x 10-4 m3/s
==============================================================

15. Assume Q = 1.0 x 10-4 m3/s, then the total fluid resistance R of all the arteries, arterioles, and
capillaries in the body is: (density of mercury = 13,600 kg/m3)
A.
B.
C.
D.

1.1 x 10-7 kg m-4 s-1

15 kg m-4 s-1
1.2 x 104 kg m-4 s-1
1.1 x 108 kg m-4 s-1

Answer = D

Solution
From the figure above, if v = 0.5 m/s, the pressure difference is about 80 mmHg = 0.08 m x13600
kg/m3 x 9.8 m/s2 = 10,662 Pa
Q = P/R m3/s R = P/Q = 10,662 Nm-2/ 1.0 x 10-4 m3/s = 1.1 x 108 kg m-4 s-1
==============================================================
For Test Problems No: 16, 17, 18
Population Growth Pattern of Bacteria
Population growth pattern of bacteria is very important in a fermentation industry. If an Erlenmeyer
flask containing nutrient broth was inoculated by a certain amount of bacterial cells (No) at To, after
a certain period of time the bacteria will show a specific growth curve. In the beginning of growth
(To T1) the cells are under adaptation phase. After adaptation phase, cells start to multiply by
binary fission process. Each cell will divide, and become two cells. In a closed system where the
nutrient supply is limited, the population of dividing cells will become relatively the same amount
with the dead cells (T2 T3). After T3 the amount of dead cells will be higher than the living ones,
then eventually all cells will die.

16. The growth curve (N in logarithmic scale) from the above description is:
A.

B.

T0

T1

T2

T3

T0

T1

T2

T3

T0

T1

T2

T3

D.

C.
N

T0

T1

T2

T3

Answer: A
Clear
=============================================================

17. Suppose 2 x 102 cells are inoculated (To ) and the generation time (Tg) is 30 minutes, calculate the
amount of the cells after 5 hours (ignore the adaptation time):
A. 2000
B. 4000
C. 2.05 x 105
D. 1.02 x 1023
Answer: C
Solution:
Each cell will divide, and become two cells continuously, so it can be formulated by
N = No 2n
where n = T/Tg
N = 200 x 2(5/0.5) = 2.05 x 105
=============================================================
18. The relation of cells population as a function of time can be depicted in the figure below:
(1.0E+06 = 106)

1.0E+06

Number of cells

1.0E+05

1.0E+04

1.0E+03

1.0E+02
0

60

120
180
Time (minutes)

240

300

Based on the figure above, the generation time of the cells is approximately:
A. 10 minutes
B. 25 minutes
C. 35 minutes
D. 40 minutes

Answer : B
Solution
By using the equation N = No 2n, and n = T/Tg, the equation becomes:
log 2
log 2
. Taking any two
log N = log No + T/Tg log 2 or log N = log N o +
t , gradient curve is
Tg
Tg
points the gradient of the curve can be calculated.
Example:
Point 1 : N1 = 200, T1 = 0 minutes
Point 2 : N2 = 2 x 105 , T2 = 250 minutes
Mean log N1 = 3 dan T = 250 minutes
Gradient curve = 3/250 minutes-1 = 0.012 mins-1 Tg = (log 2)/0.012 25 minutes
============================================================
For Test Problems No. 19, 20

Photosynthesis

Plants need water to produce food by photosynthesis process. The water is transported through
specific structures with a speed of 75 cm/min. The plant efficiency in using the water can be
determined through the ratio of transpiration to photosynthesis. The ratio can be calculated by the
loss of water in every gram of CO2 used in assimilation. The common ratio is 1:600. During the
photosynthesis, carbon-dioxide diffuses into the leaf tissue and oxygen produced diffuses from
stomata in the leaf.
19. Based on the description above, the reaction that occurred is:

A.

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy

C6H12O6 + 6 O2

B.

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy

C6H11O6 + 6 O2 +

C.

2 CO2 + 3 H2O + Energy

C2H5OH + 3 O2

D.

6 CO2 + 3 H2O + Energy

C6H6 +

Answer : A

15
2

1
2

H2

O2

clear

20. How many liters of CO2 (at T = 0 oC, P = 1 atm) are required for transpiration of 600g water?
A.

373 L

B.

747 L

C. 1467 L
D. 1494 L

Answer : B
Solution :

6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + E

mole of H2O = mole of CO2 = 600 : 18 = 33.33 mol
Volume of CO2 = 33.33 x 22.4 L = 747 L.
==============================================================

For Test Problem No. 21, 22

Bulb 1

P1, V1, T1

Bulb 2

P2, V2, T2

In a perfect isolated system, two bulbs are connected with a valve (see Figure above). Both bulbs
are filled with a fresh air. When the valve is in closed position, the air in the first bulb has a
pressure P1, volume V1 and temperature T1, and the air in the second bulb has a pressure P2, volume
V2, and temperature T2. The temperature of T1 = T2 and V2 = 2.8 V1.
21 What is the final pressure (P) of the system if the valve is opened (assume the air in the bulb is an
ideal gas)?
A.
B.
C.
D.

P1 + 2.8 P2
3.8
2.8 P1 + P2
3.8
P1 + 0.8 P2
0.8
3.8 P1 + P2
2.8

Answer: A

Solution
For T= contants, we have:
P(V1+2.8V1) = P1 V1+P22.8V1
P=

( P1 + 2.8 P2 )(V1 )
3.8(V1 )

P1 + 2.8 P2
3.8
==============================================================

A. P =

22. If the first bulb is filled by CO gas with pressure of 2 atm and the second bulb is filled by O2 with
pressure of 1 atm. The valve is opened, the gas CO in the first bulb and gas O2 in the second bulb
would mix and react completely according to the following reaction:
2 CO (g) + O2 (g)

2 CO2 (g)

After reaction take place completely, the gas in both bulbs consist of :
A.
B.
C.
D.

CO, O2, and CO2

CO and CO2
O2 and CO2
only CO2

Answer C
Solution
5 mole CO equivalent to 2.5 mole O2
There is an excess of O2, therefore all CO reacts completely
The gas after reaction consists of : CO2 and unreacted O2,
==============================================================

23. Mars period (the time needed for one revolution about the Sun) is 684 days (Earth-days). Find the
force on the Mars (mM = 6.59 x 1023 kg) due to the gravitational attraction of the Sun (mS = 1.99 x
1030 kg), if the distance of the Earth from the Sun is 1.50 x 1011 m. The universal gravitation
constant G is 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2.
A.
B.
C.
D.

5.82 x 1020 N
1.09 x 1021 N
1.68 x 1021 N
8.96 x 1021 N

Answer : C

Solution:

From Kepler ' s third law :

rmars sun
rearth sun

T
= m
TE

2/3

687
=

365
= 1,52

2/3

so rmars sun = 1.52 rearth sun = 1.52 1.5 1011 m

= 2,28 1011 m
The force on the Mars due to the Sun is :
F ms = G

mm ms
2
rms

=
=

(6 .67 10

11

8 .73 10 43 Nm

(2 .28 10

11

N .m 2 / kg 2 m m m s

2
rms
2

= 1 . 68 10 21 N

===============================================================

24. A baby boy was born with a hemophilia disease. What is the possibility of his parents
gene related to this disease?

A. The mother is hemophilia, the father is normal

B. The mother and father are both hemophilia
C. The mother carries hemophilia gene
D. The father carries hemophilia gene

Answer: C.

The mother is a carrier of hemophilia gene but she is not hemophilia (hemophilia is lethal for
women if it is homozygote)
===============================================================

25. Look at the picture carefully! The secondary and the tertiary consumers are:

Chick

Rat

Rice

Bird

Insect

A.
B.
C.
D.

Fox

Snake

Eagle

Frog

Frog, snake
Frog, eagle
Snake, eagle
Fox, snake

Answer : C
Primary consumer: herbivore; Secondary Consumer : carnivore 1; Tertiary consumer: consumer
2;