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Integumentary System

The document discusses the structure and function of the integumentary system. It is summarized as follows: The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, nails, and glands. The skin has three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer. The epidermis is the outer layer and provides protection. Below is the dermis which contains sensory receptors, sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels. The deepest layer is the subcutaneous layer, composed primarily of fat. The skin serves several functions including protection, temperature regulation through sweat glands, sensory reception, vitamin D synthesis, and waterproofing by sebaceous glands.

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edrearamirez
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59 views

Integumentary System

The document discusses the structure and function of the integumentary system. It is summarized as follows: The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, nails, and glands. The skin has three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer. The epidermis is the outer layer and provides protection. Below is the dermis which contains sensory receptors, sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels. The deepest layer is the subcutaneous layer, composed primarily of fat. The skin serves several functions including protection, temperature regulation through sweat glands, sensory reception, vitamin D synthesis, and waterproofing by sebaceous glands.

Uploaded by

edrearamirez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integumentary System

Youtube channel #1: slackerbiz


Function of the Skin
>Protection
>Synthesizes Vitamin D
-exposure to UV light causes skin to make Vitamin D
-Liver and kidney turn Vitamin D into calcitriol
-Calcitriol regulates calcium and phosphorus production
>Sensory Reception
>Temperature Regulation
-sweat glands
-evaporative cooling
Layers of the Skin
3 major layers:
-Epidermis
-Dermis
-Subcutaneous
Epidermis
-epi on top od
-derm- skin
-outer layer
-thin
-divided into 2 layers
1. Stratum Germinativum
-superior to dermis
-produce cells for epidermis
2. Stratum Corneum
-tough upper layer of epidermis
-protects body from water loss and gain
Dermis
-region of connective tissue
-under epidermis
-contains collagenous elastic fibers (these are flexible but also resilient)
-sensory nerces (take nerve impulses from skin)
Subcutaneous
-fatty layer (adipose tissue)
-energy storage
-insulation
-protection
-can result in obesity
Other parts:
Hair
-project follicles in the dermis
-smooth muscles attached to hair root
Nails
-grow from nail root
-visible part of nail is nail body
-cuticle covers nail root
2 major glands:
1. Sweat glands

-found in all regions of the skin


-evaporative cooling
2. Sebaceous glands
-secrete oil into the hair follicle
-waterproofing
Youtube channel #2: John Croteau
Skin largest organ
-contains all form of the various tissue types (Epithelium, Connective, Muscle, and Nerve)
6 Functions:
1. Maintenance of Body Temp
2. Protection
3. Perception of Stimuli
4. Excretion/Secretion
5. Synthesis of Vitamin D
6. Non-Specific Immunity
Skin Structure
3 Layers
Epidermis stratified squamous epithelium
Dermis support layer
Hypodermis or Subcutaneous
Epidermis
-Stratified Squamous
-approximately 20 layers thich (up to 1mm)
-top 10 layers are dead cells with a KERATIN
-bottom layer is one layer of living and actively dividing cells called STRATUM BASAL
-MELANOCYTES create melanin pigment
Layers of Epidermis
Stratum Corneum dead cells filled with keratin
Stratum Ludcidum
Stratum Granulosum grains called keratohyalin
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale actively divinding cells
>desmosome help connect neighboring cells
>Keritonization cells from the bottom to top layer of the skin
-replaces the cytoplasm of the cells with the protein, keratin
Thick skin has an extra layer of Epithilium called Stratum Lucidum
-found on the palm side of the hand and the soles of the feet
-Starum Lucidum has the protein keratohyalin for added toughness
-calluses thickening of the stratum lucidum layer
-thick skins have no hair
-thick skins has dermal ridges (prints) from taller papilla fingerprint
Epidermal Derivatives
-derived from something else epithelial in origin
1. Nails heavily keratonized epithelial cells (squamous)
-dead skin root at the dermal layer
2. Hair portion of hair above the skin is the hair shaft
-portion of hair below the skin is the hair root
Glands in the Dermis
2 Types
1. Sebaceous Glands

-Oil Glands
-always associated with the hair
-simple cuboidal epithelial cells
-product: sebum or oil
2. Suderiferous Gland or Sweat Gland
-independent of any hair
-sweat excretion of excess water and salts
2 types of suderiferous glands
1. Eccrine secrete just sweat and respond to elevated body temperatures
2. Apocrine more active at puberty and they are stimulating hormones
-provide pheromone (sexually attracting in the animal kingdom)
Dermis
-made of collagen fibers for toughness
-elastin fibers for elasticity
-capillaries for nourishment
-highly vascular in contrast to epidermis (avascular)
-Suderiferous glands and Sebaceous gland
-hair for protection and sense reception
-sense receptors (sensory neurons)
Hypodermis/Subcutaneous
-primary tissue: Adipose (fat) storage for:
Stored energy
Padding
Insulation
Youtube channel #3: Kathy Webb
Combining forms of fat
>Adip/o
-Lip/o
-Steat/o
>Combing forms for skin
-cutane/o
-dermat/o
-derm/o
>Combining forms for sweat
-hidr/o
-sudor/o
Pathology
-the appearance and condition of the skin may help provide clues to body conditions and dysfunctions
Lesions
-pathologically altered tissue that may appear flat, elevated, or depressed
>primary (elevated)
>secondary (depressed)
Papule, Nodule (elevated)
-treated by cauterization
Cauterization
-destruction by:
cryosurgery
fulguration (electricity)

laser (heat)
chemicals
Vesicle and Bulla (elevated and circumscribed)
-second degree burn
Pustule (elevated)
-small, raised lesion suppurative (contains pus)
Fissure (depressed)
Ulcer (depressed)
-third degree burn /scar
blahblah puro disease di ko na to tatapusin stopped at 9min out of 18:14
Youtube channel #4: mrfox218
Epidermis
-outermost
-dead cells with keratin
-melanin pigment that has natural sun block
Dermis
-Sensory neuron keeps in touch with envi.
-Sweat gland
-Oil gland waterproof
-Hair follicle where new hair cells are made
-Blood vessels
Subcutaneous layer fatty layer
-produce vitamin D
Skin cancer damaged DNA uncontrolled cell division
4 different symptoms
1. Asymmetry mole
2. Border irregular, scalloped, or poorly defined border
3. Color brown, black, sometimes, white, red or blue
4. Diameter larger than 6mm (pencil eraser)

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