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Lecture30sol PDF

1. The document discusses using Green's theorem to evaluate line integrals. It provides 5 examples of using Green's theorem to calculate line integrals over different curves. 2. In the first example, Green's theorem is used to evaluate a line integral over 3 line segments forming a triangle. Since the curl of the vector field is zero, the line integral also equals zero. 3. The second example uses Green's theorem to evaluate a line integral over a clockwise oriented triangle, yielding a value of -12.

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Iffah Husniah
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39 views2 pages

Lecture30sol PDF

1. The document discusses using Green's theorem to evaluate line integrals. It provides 5 examples of using Green's theorem to calculate line integrals over different curves. 2. In the first example, Green's theorem is used to evaluate a line integral over 3 line segments forming a triangle. Since the curl of the vector field is zero, the line integral also equals zero. 3. The second example uses Green's theorem to evaluate a line integral over a clockwise oriented triangle, yielding a value of -12.

Uploaded by

Iffah Husniah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Greens Theorem

Math 21a
1

Fall, 2010

H
Use Greens theorem to calculate the line integral C x dx + y dy, where C consists of the line
segments from (0, 1) to (0, 0), from (0, 0) to (1, 0), and the segment of the parabola y = 1 x2
from (1, 0) to (0, 1), oriented counterclockwise. What is another way to quickly evaluate this
integral?
Since the curl of F is zero, we have
I
ZZ
ZZ
F dr =
curl F dA =
0 dA = 0.
C

You can also check this by observing that F is conservative, with potential function x2 /2+y 2 /2;
it follows that the line integral along any closed loop is zero.

R
Use Greens theorem to evaluate the line integral C xy 2 dx + 2x2 y dy, where C is the triangle
with vertices (0, 0), (2, 2), and (2, 4), oriented clockwise.
Since the curve is oriented clockwise, we have
I
ZZ
Z
F dr =
curl F dA =
C

2
0

2x
x

(4xy 2xy) dy dx = 12.

Evaluate C F dr, where F(x, y) = h x + y 3 , x2 + yi and C consists of the arc of the


curve y = sin x from (0, 0) to (, 0) and the line segment from (, 0) to (0, 0). (Check the
orientation!)
We have curl F = 2x 3y 2 , so by Greens theorem
Z Z sin x
I
4
F dr =
(2x 3y 2 ) dy dx = 2
3
C
0
0
since C is oriented negatively.

Let
1
2
2
F(x, y) = hx2 2xyex + 2y, ex + p
i.
y4 + 1

2
2
If C is the
R path which goes from (1, 0) to (1, 0) along the semicircle x + y = 1, y 0,
evaluate C F dr. (Note that C is not a closed loop!)

Let C 0 be the line segment going from (1, 0) to (1, 0), capping off the semicircle to enclose
a half-disk D. Notice that the orientation is the negative one. By Greens theorem,
I
ZZ
ZZ
F dr =
curl F dA =
2 dA = 2 area(D) = .
CC 0

But now

so

CC 0

F dr =

F dr +

F dr =

C0

C0

F dr,

F dr.

Finally we must calculate the line integral over C 0 . We parameterize C 0 by r(t) = ht, 0i,
1 t 1 (keeping the orientation of the segment in mind), and then calculate
Z
Z 1
Z 1
2
2 t2
F dr =
ht , e i h1, 0i dt =
t2 dt = .
3
C0
1
1
We conclude

2
F dr = + .
3
C

Find the area under one arch of the cycloid x = t sin t, y = 1 cos t (attempt to draw a
picture first).
Heres a picture of the cycloid:
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
5

10

15

The key features for this problem are just to notice that the curve stays above the x-axis, and
hits the x-axis for x = 2k a multiple of 2. To use Greens theorem we need to cap off
the arch with a horizontal line segment, say going from (2, 0) to (0, 0); call this segment C 0 .
If C is one arch of the cycloid, given by r(t) = ht sin t, 1 cos ti, 0 t 2, then the curve
C C 0 is the boundary of the enclosed area, except it is oriented negatively. Now if we take
F(x, y) = hy, 0i, we have curl F = 1, so by Greens theorem
Z

ZZ
I
Z
area(D) =
1 dA =
F dr =
F dr +
F dr .
D

CC 0

C0

The integral over C 0 is zero since the vector field is zero along the x-axis, so the area is given
by
Z
Z 2
Z 2
F dr =
hcos t 1, 0i h1 cos t, sin ti dt =
(cos t 1)2 dt = 3.
C

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