International Building

Systems Factory

ERECTION
M A N UA L

BETTER BUILDINGS FOR TOMORROW ...

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction
Part 1

Erection

Part 2

Erection Procedures

Part 3

Recommended Tools and Equipments for Erection

31

Part 4

Alteration of Minor Errors

34

Part 5

Storage and Protection of Covering

35

Part 6

Inspection by IBSF

36

Part 7

Claims

37

Appendix A Metal Building Jargon

38

Appendix B Standard Policy on Material Claims

52

Appendix C Turn of Nut Tightening Method

55

INTRODUCTION

This Erection Manual covers the recommended procedures for safe and efficient
erection of International Building Systems Factory Co. Ltd. (IBSF) buildings.
However, IBSF does not guarantee and is not liable for the quality of erection of
its buildings. It is not the responsibility of IBSF where building defects occur
due to improper erection techniques, or the negligence of other parties.
The Manual includes procedures on claim for short shipment and replacement of
damaged materials.

Part 1.

ERECTION

The Builder/Erector is responsibile in mobilizing, receiving, off-loading and

providing the necessary tools for the proper erection of an IBSF building.
Before raising the next component, the structure should be adequately braced at all
times. It must be secured with temporary or permanent bracing before releasing the
raising equipment. Moreso, it is important to provide these bracings at the end of the
day, during week-ends or during shut downs.
During the start of the erection, the first braced bay must be erected with all the wind
bracing, eave struts, purlins, girts and flange braces installed completely. All bolts
must be properly tightened to make certain the building is properly braced (see
appropriate pages that follow in this manual).
All joints should be made up of all bolts in place before releasing the raising
equipment.
Sheeters should have something to stand on. Until the first run of roof sheets is
secured, temporary scaffold should be used to start sheeting. See proper method of
walking on the roof described in the sheeting section of the manual.
Any uncovered opening on the roof should be properly guarded. All sheeters should
be cautioned regarding roof openings.
It is important for workers not to slide down the columns and other structural
members. Ladders should be used to get on and off the building. Wall girts and
diagonal braces should not be used as ladders.

Part 3.

RECOM M ENDED TOOLS AND EQUIPM ENTS FOR

ERECTION

Listed below are the tools and equipments considered to be adequate for erection of most
IBSF buildings. However, actual equipment requirement depends on the type and size of
the building, job site conditions, and erection personnel. This list serves as a
recommendation and should not be used as a basis for inventory of erection equipment.
Use and maintenance of power equipment should be in accordance with the general
guidelines set forth in this manual.
TOOL/EQUIPM ENT

M IN. NO.
REQUIRED

REM ARKS

SCREW GUNS

with magnetic hex socket heads

and replacement drivers

SHEET M ETAL NIBLER

Electric sheet cutting tool with

replacement bits

POW ER IM PACT W RENCH

with assortment of impact

sockets - 12mm to 24mm

2
2

12mm (") with twist drill bits

6mm (") with twist drill bits

Electric or gas powered with

metal and carbide tip blades

ELECTRIC DRILL
M OTORS
SKILL SAW
ELECTRIC EXTENSION
CORDS

Sufficient for maximum number

of tools used at once

ELECTRIC ARC W ELDER

with leads and extra welding

head

GASOLINE POW ERED

GENERATOR

to supply electrical power for the

jobsite

GAS CUTTING TORCH

with hose, gauges and

replacement heads

SOCKET W RENCHES
SPUD W RENCHES

2 sets
5

12mm () drive with assorted

sockets and ratchet drive handle
Each assorted sizes 12mm to
24mm

TO O L/EQ UIPM ENT

M IN. NO.
REQ UIRED

REM ARKS

BOX END W RENCHES

2 sets

Assortm ent of 12m m to 24mm

OPEN END W RENCHES

2 sets

Assorted sizes 12m m to 24mm

VICE GRIP PLIERS

10

POP RIVET TOOL

2
2

M anual
Electric

STAPLE GUNS

with staples

HAM M ERS

2 each

Shop, Sledge and Rubber

SHEET M ETAL CUTTER

2 each

Left, Right and Straight

W RECKING BARS

Heavy Duty

DRIFT PINS

Heavy Duty

HACK SAW S

with assorted blades

CHOKERS

4
4

3/8"
1/2"

CABLE CLAM PS
SLINGS

Assorted sizes
4

with clevices

SPREADER BAR

1 each

3m and 5m

STEEL CABLE

100m

with 8 turnbuckles

W ORK PLATFORM

6m steel or plywood reinforced

EXTENSION LADDERS

6m

SAFETY BELTS W ITH

TOOL POUCHES

Sufficient for crew

HARD HATS

Sufficient for crew

GOGGLES

2
2

for power cutting

for burning equipm ent

TOOL/EQUIPMENT
WELDING HOOD
STEEL MEASURING
TAPES

MIN. NO.
REQUIRED

REMARKS

with additional lenses for electric

welding

4 each
2 each

4m
15m and 30m

LEVEL

2 each

1.2m and 2m

FRAMING AND TRY

SQUARES

1 each

TRANSIT 7 LEVEL ROD

1 each

PLUMB BOB & CHAULK

STRINGS

2 each

NYLON LINE 3/8"

100m

MANILA ROPE

100m each

3/8" and 1/2"

CAULKING GUNS

cartridge type

BROOMS

DUST PANS

WATER CAN WITH CUP

HOLDER

Part 4.

ALTERATION OF MINOR ERRORS

All erection works will be treated as outlined in the American Institute of Steel
Construction Code of Standard Practices for Steel Buildings and Bridges (Section 7).
It deals with the correction of errors in situations where the material is not being
erected by the Fabricator and which reads in substance as follows:
"Corrections of minor misfits by the moderate use of
drift pins, and a moderate amount of reaming, chipping
or cutting are considered a part of erection. Any error
which prevent the proper assembly of parts by these
measures, or which require correction or adjustment,
must be reported immediately to the fabricator and
erector to enable whoever is responsible either to
correct the error or to approve the most efficient and
economical method of correction to be used by others."
The Builder/Erector shall immediately report to IBSF whenever there are errors in
shop fabrication that prevent the proper assembly and fitting of parts by the use of
drift pins, reaming, chipping or cutting. The report shall clearly describe the problem
and a suggested solution will be most welcome.
IBSF, in turn shall analyze and correct the error or approve the method and cost of
erection to be made. IBSF shall have the option of:
1.

Replacing the defective material with freight allowed to jobsite by carrier of

IBSF's selection.

2.

Authorizing field correction of the problem by a method and at a cost agreed

to by IBSF.
Where field correction is authorized, the Builder/Erector shall be allowed
credit for the agreed cost, but in no event shall IBSF be liable for
consequential damages.

Part 5.

STORAGE AND PROTECTION OF COVERING

Upon receipt of the material, it is important to examine packages for damage.

Builders and/or Erectors are encouraged to take prompt action where cuts, tear or
other damage is evident. The sheets should be dried before restacking or storage
should it be noticed that a small amount of moisture is present. Damp sheets should
never be restacked until thoroughly dry.
A.

Aluminium, Galvanized and Galvanized Prepainted Sheets

Aluminium, galvanized, or the galvanized prepainted coating on piled flat
sheets or nested formed sheets become wet from rain, natural condensation, or
other causes, white rust may result.
This may occur either or in storage at the jobsite.

B.

Formed Prepainted Sheets

Formed pre-painted sheets must be protected from moisture in the same
manner as plain galvanized sheets until boldly exposed to the weather. The
sheets must be properly packed and stored. Otherwise, white rust may
develop at minute paint cracks and at the cut edges.

C.

Roofing and Siding Sheets

These sheets should be erected as soon as received at site. However, if
temporary storage is absolutely necessary, they should be stored indoors.
Where indoor storage is not possible, the procedure shown in this Manual
must be followed to prevent entry of moisture into the bundle and consequent
storage stain.

Part 6.

INSPECTION BY IBSF

IBSF shall have the right to inspect all erection works being carried on by the Builder
or by others. It shall be the Builder's/Erector's responsibility to furnish permits, if
required, for entry to the jobsite for the inspection. All the necessary equipment
required (ladders, levels, etc.) for the inspection shall likewise be provided by the
Builder/Inspector. If requested, Builder/Erector will receive a copy of the Inspection
Report.
In the event, erection errors are detected at the time of inspection, the Builder/Erector
will be notified of the errors in writing with a suggested solution or method of
correction. Should these errors are not corrected by the Builder/Erector, IBSF will
notify the owner in writing along with a copy of the report. The Builder/Erector will
be furnished a copy of the notification to the owner.
IBSF shall have no liability to the Builder/Erector or to any customer for defective
workmanship in the erection of the buildings including by way of description, but not
by way of limitations, defects arising from loose connections, missing parts, roof
leaks, damaged sheets, omission of sealer, or closures, scratched surfaces, poor
alignment, inadequate drainage or defects arising out of materials furnished and/or
installed by Builder/Erector or others.
The Builder/Erector agrees to indemnify and hold harmless from any and all claims
which may or might be made against IBSF by any customer or owner arising from or
growing out of defects in the erection of any IBSF buildings erected by or under the
direction of, or for the account of the Builder and/or Erector.

Part 7.

CLAIMS

The Owner, Builder or Erector should inspect all the materials that are being shipped
to the jobsite.
It is the responsibility of the Builder or Erector to report any shortage in shipment or
defective material immediately to the owner, or customer to enable him to file a claim
for the shortage or defective material.
Claims for shortages or defective material, if not packaged, must be made in writing
to IBSF within five (5) days after receipt of the shipment.
If packaged items are found to contain shortages or defective material, these must be
reported in writing to IBSF within thirty (30) days after receipt of the shipment.
All claims must be reported in detail giving part numbers, description and length.
This information may be obtained directly from the Bill of Materials furnished with
the building.
See Appendix B for IBSF's claim policy. Please read these carefully and follow the
procedures outlined therein.

Appendix A.

METAL BUILDING JARGON

ACCESSORIES

are the auxiliary components added to a basic IBSF

building such as insulations, skylight, louver, window,
door, vent, etc.

ALUMINIZED

aluminium coated steel.

ANCHOR BOLTS

bolts set in concrete, used to anchor the structural

members to a concrete foundation.

BASE ANGLE

a continuous angle secured to the floor slab to support the

wall panels.

BASE PLATE

a pre-punched plate to which a structural member is shopwelded where it directly rests on a supporting surface such
as a pedestal, column or floor slab.

BASE CHANNEL

a light gauge cold formed channel which replaces the base

angle when the liner or double sheeted partitions are
required.

BAY END

the distance between the centerline of the first interior

frame and the inside the endwall panel.

BAY INTERIOR

the center to center distance between two consecutive

interior frames.

BEAM

a structural member which is predominantly subjected to

bending and is usually a horizontal member carrying
vertical loads.

BEARING FRAME
ENDWALL

a frame composed of corner columns, wind columns, flush

girts and rafter sections which are designed to carry onehalf bay loading in its own plane and full wind load acting
normal to the endwall. This is also called "light endwall".

BRACE ANGLES/RODS

angles or rods provided in a diagonal fashion to form a

truss in the plane of roof and sidewalls for transferring the
wind force to the foundation. These angles/rods are useful
in making the frames plumb.

BRIDGE CRANE

a material handling system usually within a building

which moves longitudinally on a runway constructed of
rails and beams.

BRIDGING

structural member used to give a weak axis stability to

joists or purlins.

BUILT-UP MEMBER
OR SECTION

a structural member usually an "I" section, made from an

individual web, flange and base plates welded together.

BUILT-UP ROOF

a roof composed of layered felt or jute, saturated with tar,

with each layer set by mopping a hot tar or asphalt.

BUTTERFLY CANOPY

a free standing, single or double column roof structure

having a valley gutter at the centerline of the building
having the outer edge of the roof projecting upwards.

BUTT PLATE (or SPLICE

PLATE

the pre-punched end plate of a structural member which

usually butts against a matching plate of another member
in forming a bolted connection.

BY-FRAMED GIRTS

are girts which overlap at outside column flange to form a

continuous member.

"C" SECTION

a "C" shaped cold-formed member from steel coil used

primarily in bearing frame endwalls and framed openings.

CAMBER

a predetermined curvature designed into a structural

member to offset the anticipated deflection when a load is
applied.

CANOPY

any overhanging or projecting structure with its extreme

end usually unsupported.

CANTILEVER

a projecting beam supported and restrained at one end

only.

CAULK

to seal and make weather tight joints, seams or voids by

filling with a waterproofing compound or material.

CHANNEL

an open-ended "C" shape with no return lips, which may

be either cold-formed or hot rolled.

CLIP

a plate used for fastening two or more members together.

CLIP ANGLE

an angle used for fastening two or more members

together.

CLOSURE STRIP

a sealant material formed to match either inside or outside

wall or roof panel configuration used at base, eave, rake or
accessory locations to provide closure against the
elements.

COLD-FORMED

various shapes such as angles, channels, girts and purlins,

formed from steel at room temperature.

COLUMN

a vertical structural member.

CONTINUOUS GIRT or
PURLIN

girt or purlin that overlaps at columns or frames to form a

continuous member.

CONTINUOUS RIDGE
VENT

series of roof ventilators connected to each other located

along the ridge.

CORNER COLUMN

a column (usually a "C" shape) at the corner of a bearing

frame endwall.

CORNER FLASHING

a preformed sheet metal trim used to close the junction of

side and endwall sheets.

CRANE RAIL

track upon which a top running crane moves (usually hotrolled ASCE rails).

CRANE RUNWAY BEAM -

a beam which continuously supports the crane rail.

CURB

raised flashing around a roof accessory to provide water

tightness at the roof opening.

CURTAIN WALL

perimeter wall panels which carry only their own weight.

DAMPER

a baffle used to open or close the throat of the ventilators.

DEAD LOAD

the weight of the structure itself plus any permanent

stationary loads.

DEFLECTION

the transverse displacement of a structural member in the

direction of load and measured from its no-load position.

DIAPHRAGM ACTION

the action of wall panels at flush-framed walls to act as

one unit to resist wind force applied parallel to its own
plane.

DOWNSPOUT

a hollow rectangular, square or round tubular section used

to carry water from a gutter to the ground.

DRIFT PIN

a tapered pin used to align holes in steel members to be

connected. It is also called "Spud Wrench".

EAVE

the line along the top of the sidewall formed by the

intersection of roof and wall panels.

EAVE CANOPY

a roof extension beyond the sidewall of a building. May

also be cantilevered below the eave.

EAVE HEIGHT

the vertical dimension from finished floor to the eave line.

EAVE STRUT

structural member at the eave to support roof and wall

panels; also, transmits force due to wind on endwall from
roof brace rods to wall brace rods.

EAVE STRUT CLIP

a small gusset shop-welded to main frame on buildings to

support eave struts and afford alignment with by-framed
girts.

EAVE TRIM

trim used to close-off the top of the sidewall panels

instead of the eave gutter.

ERECTION

the on-site assembly of pre-engineered components to

form a complete structure.

ERECTION DRAWINGS

drawings prepared specifically for each building, showing

piece mark, and location of all components.

EXPANSION JOINT

a break of space in construction to allow for thermal

expansion and contraction.

FASCIA

decorative trim or panel projecting from the face of a wall.

FIXED BASE

the base of a column which is designed to transfer

moment in addition to axial force and shear to the
foundation.

FLANGE

the projecting element connected at the edges of the web

of a structural member section.

FLANGE BRACE

a brace from flange of column or rafter to girt or purlin to

provide lateral support and stability.

FLASHING

a sheet metal closure to ensure weather-tightness.

FOOTING

a pad or mat, usually concrete, located under a column,

wall, or other structural member, used to distribute loads
from the member into the supporting soil.

FOUNDATION

the substructure on which a building rests.

FRAME

primary structural members, made up of columns and

rafters which support the secondary framing.

FRAMED OPENING

opening in a wall, roof or floor framed with secondary

members.

GABLE

the triangular portion of the endwall of the building

formed by the roof lines and the line joining the eaves in
case of double slope roof building. In case of single slope
building, this is the triangular portion of the endwall
formed by the roofline, wall line and the horizontal line
which passes through the lower eave.

GAUGE

the thickness of steel (i.e. 24, 26, etc).

Distance between holes punched in flanges, base or splice
plates.

GALVANIZED

zinc coated steel.

GIRDER

a horizontal or near horizontal structural member that

supports vertical loads.

GIRT

a secondary horizontal structural member attached to

sidewall or endwall columns to which wall covering is
attached and supported horizontally; usually a coldformed "Z" shape.

GLAZE OR GLAZING

the process of installing glass in window and door

opening.

GROUT

a mixture of cement, sand and water used to fill cracks

and cavities. Often used under base plates or levelling
plates to obtain uniform bearing surfaces.

GUSSET PLATE

a steel plate used to connect two or more structural

members in the same plane.

GUTTER

the member used to collect and carry rain water off the
roof.

HAIR-PIN

reinforcing bar used to help transfer anchor bolt shear (due

to column thrust) to concrete floor mass. The "U" shaped
hairpin wraps around the anchor bolts inside the slab.

HAUNCH

The deepened portion of a column or rafter, designed to

accommodate the high stress where column and rafter
intersect and connect (sometimes called knee).

HAUNCH BRACE

a diagonal brace between the eave strut and haunch.

HEADER

a horizontal member over a wall opening.

HEADER TRIM

trim used above a wall opening.

HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS -

any bolt made from steel having a tensile strength more

than 100,000 pounds per square inch (psi). Some
examples are ASTM A-325, JIS 11.86.

HIGH TENSILE STEEL

structural steel having a yield stress over 36,000 pounds

per square inch.

HIP ROOF

a roof which rises by inclined planes from all four sides.

HOT ROLLED SHAPES

steel sections (angles, channels, I-beams, etc.) which are

formed by rolling mills while the steel is in a semi-molten
state.

IMPACT

shock loads caused by dynamic application.

INNER LINER

liner panelling on the inside walls.

INSIDE CORNER TRIM

trim which flashes inside corners.

INSULATION

any material used in building construction to reduce heat

transfer.

INTERMEDIATE BAY

the distance between two main frames within a building

other than end frames.

JACK BEAM

a beam used to support another beam or rafter to eliminate

a column support.

JACK TRUSS

used to support another beam, truss or rafter to eliminate a

column support.

JAMB

a side column of a doorway or opening.

JIB CRANE

a cantilevered boom or horizontal beam with hoist and

trolley. This lifting machine may pick up loads in all or
part of a circle around the column to which it is attached.

JOIST

beam for supporting the floor or roof.

IBSF DECK

standard panel used as a form (shuttering) on mezzanine

floors or as a deck panel over which concrete is poured.

IBSF RIB PANEL

standard panel used for roof, liner, soffits and partitions.

IBSF WALL PANEL

standard panel used on exterior walls and facias, etc.

KNEE BRACE

a diagonal brace designed to resist horizontal loads,

usually from wind or moving material handling
equipment. This brace member normally has the lower
end connected to a column and the upper end connected to
a rafter or eave strut.

LEAN-TO

a structure having only one slope or pitch and depending

on another structure for partial support.

LINER PANEL

sheeting on inside building, may be either full or partial

height.

LIP

a flange stiffener on cold-formed sections.

LIVE LOAD

any moving or variable load which the structure must

support which is not permanently attached to the structure.

LOUVER

an opening provided with fixed or adjustable blades to

allow air flow.

MANSARD

a tilted fascia system mounted to the roof, outside the steel

line, and above the roof line to form a decorative fascia
appearance and hide the roof line.

MAIN OR PRIMARY
FRAMING

steel frames which support secondary framing members

such as girts, purlins or eave struts.

MASTIC

caulking or sealant furnished in rolls, normally used in

sealing roof panel laps.

MEZZANINE BEAM

a beam supporting the mezzanine joists or other

mezzanine beam(s).

MEZZANINE JOIST

a beam which directly supports the deck panels or slab.

MOMENT CONNECTION -

a joint capable of transmitting moment from one member

to another member.

MONITORS

superstructure located above the ridge of the building used

for ventilation or additional light.

MULLIONS

vertical member connecting two windows located side by

side.

NIBBLER

all electrical hand tools used to cut steel roof or wall sheet
openings.

PARAPET

that portion of the wall which extends vertically above the

roof line to form a fascia type appearance to hide the roof
slope.

PARTITION

an interior dividing wall.

PEAK BOX

a prefabricated trim piece that trims rake trim connection

at the apex of gable, and bears a metal plate with the IBSF
trade mark.

PEAK PANEL

IBSF rib panel located along the building ridge; conforms

to roof slope and configuration.

PEDESTAL

a short concrete column designed to transfer loads from

the base of a steel column to a footing.

PILASTER

a masonry column built into a wall and projecting from it.

POP RIVET

a small headed pin with expandable shank for joining light

gauge metal. Typically used for flashing trims, etc.

PORTAL FRAME BRACE -

columns and horizontal beam substituted for standard

bracing in areas where rod bracing is not allowed because
of access requirements.

PRIMER PAINT

initial coat of paint applied at the factory to black steel for

protection during shipping and erection only.

PURLIN

a secondary member, usually cold-formed located in the

roof to support the roof panel that is itself supported by
the primary structural framing. Generally, purlins in IBSF
buildings overlap at frames to form a continuous design.

PURLIN EXTENSION
CANOPY

cantilevered continuation of roof at the rake line formed

by projecting the end bay purlins and roof sheeting.

PURLIN STRUT

additional purlin added at or near the intersection of wind

bracing members at the rigid frame where a series of wind
bracing is required in the roof plane. This strut may or
may not be a continuous member throughout the length of
the building.

RAFTER

a fabricated primary structural member that extends from

eave to ridge. Any beam used in a primary frame to
support the purlins.

RAKE

the intersection of the roof and endwall.

RAKE ANGLE

an angle attached to the purlins at the rake for attachment

of the endwall sheets.

REACTIONS

forces required to resist loads from the structure.

REINFORCING STEEL

steel rods placed in concrete to take tension, compression

and shear stresses.

RIDGE

peak of a gabled building (apex).

RIGID FRAME (RF)

a clearspan structure, characterized by the tapered

columns, tapered haunches and rafter beams.

ROOF SLOPE OR PITCH

slope of a roof plane expressed as a ratio of vertical rise

per unit of horizontal run.

SAG ROD OR SAG ANGLE -

tie rods or angles to support purlins at intermediate points

to reduce the span for minor axis bending.

SCREEDING

the process of striking off the excess concrete to bring the

top surface to proper finish and elevation.

SEALANT

any material which is used to close cracks or joints to

protect against leaks.

SECONDARY FRAMING

framing consisting of minor load bearing members of a

structure, such as purlins, girts, eave struts, etc.

SEISMIC FORCES

forces due to earth movement or earthquake.

SELF-DRILLING SCREW

a fastener which combines the functions of drilling and

tapping. Used for attaching panels to purlins and girts (as
an option).

SELF-TAPPING SCREW

a fastener which taps its own thread in a pre-drilled hole.

Used for attaching panels to purlins and girts, for panel
laps, and for trim flashing.

SHEETING ANGLE

an angle used for securing sheeting.

SHIMS

a piece of steel used to level or square base plates.

SHIPPING LIST

a list that enumerates each piece to be shipped.

SILL

the bottom horizontal framing member of a door or

window opening.

SINGLE SLOPE

a sloping roof with only one sloped surface.

SKYLIGHT

translucent fiberglass panel formed like IBSF rib used on

roof in place of predetermined panels to supply natural
light to interior of the building.

SLIDING DOOR

a single or double leaf door which opens horizontally by

means of overhead trolleys.

SOFFIT

the underside covering of a canopy or purlins extension;

usually IBSF rib.

SPACE SAVER

IBSF's straight column, slope beam rafter building. Girts

are flush framed within the column.

SPAN

width of the building inside to inside wall panels (sidewall

to sidewall).

SPLICE

a connection in a structural member.

SPLICE PLATE

plate used to connect two steel members.

SPUD WRENCH

see "Drift Pin"

STEEL LINE

the outside perimeter of structural steel or inside wall

panels

STIFFENER

a member used to strengthen a plate against lateral or local

buckling. Usually a bar welded perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis of the member. Large concentrated
loads such as crane usually require stiffeners at the point
of connection.

STITCH SCREW

used to fasten panel to panel at the side laps.

THRESHOLD

an aluminium extrusion kick plate that spans between

jambs beneath a personnel walk door leaf.

THRUST

horizontal force developed at the base of a column

because of a load being applied to a rigid frame.

TIE

a structural member that tends to lengthen under stress

(i.e. wind brace rod).

TORQUE WRENCH

a wrench containing an adjustable mechanism for

measuring and controlling the amount of torque or turning
force to be exerted - used to tighten nuts on high strength
bolts.

TRIM

light gauge sheet metal used around building openings and

at intersections of roofs, walls, etc. often called flashing.

TRUSS

a structure composed of three or more members so

designed and connected that the structure as a whole act as
a beam and the individual members is subjected primarily
to axial stress.

TURN OF NUT METHOD -

a method of tightening bolts in a connection. A rotation

of the nut through 1/2 to 3/4 turn beyond a 'snug' position
will produce at least the desired minimum tension on the
bolt. ("snug" means the point at which the material
between the bolt head and the nut is rigid. If power tools
are used, 'snug' would be the point at which the wrench
begins to impact).

UNIT STRESS

stress per unit area.

UNSUPPORTED COLUMN

UPLIFT STRAP

the condition that exists when a column has no lateral

support. A column is unsupported when there are no
cross members or braces attached to it between its top end
and base.
-

light gauge metal straps running continuously across the

purlins from the base of the building at one side to the
other.
These straps are normally used on buildings with a roof
slope 3/10, buildings with asbestos sheeting, unsheeted
buildings and in buildings with longer bays.

VALLEY GUTTER

gutter used at valleys formed by two roof planes or one

roof plane and one wall plane.

WAINSCOT

a liner starting at floor but less than the ceiling height.

WALL, BEARING

wall capable of supporting a structural system.

WALL, NON-BEARING

wall not capable of supporting a structural system.

WEB

the part of a channel, purlin, girt, column or rafter between

the flanges.

WEB MEMBERS

the system of members connecting the chords of a truss.

WIND BENT

a wind bracing used in sidewalls when brace rods cannot

be used.

WIND COLUMN

a column at the endwalls of the building designed to carry

required wind loads.

YIELD STRESS

the stress at which the strain ceases to be directly

proportional to the stress.

"Z" SECTION

a member cold-formed from steel sheet coil in the shape

of a block "Z" with stiffener lips.

Appendix B.

STANDARD POLICY ON MATERIAL CLAIMS

A claim is defined as any request for replacement of materials for a certain job which
bears no cost to the customer.

TYPES OF CLAIMS
Category 1:

Items Not Received

a.

A Shipper's List item not received on site for:

1.
2.

b.

Category 2:

Loss during transportaion

Back Order (material is not available on the shipping date).

An ordered item but not included in the shippers list. Therefore, not
received on site

Damaged Items
Any material received on site which are not in good condition.

Category 3:

Incorrectly Fabricated Items

Any fabricated material which do not comply with IBSF's Standard Product
Manual and/or Construction Drawings therefore not suitable for
installation.

Category 4:

Design Errors
Any manufactured material which was shipped and found unable to provide
the function originally specified in the Work Order.

Category 5:

Incorrect Quantities Received

Items received in full according to quantities shown on the shipper but was
incorrect during construction.
A shortage or surplus is possible in any item caused by error in preparing
the shipper.

Category 6:

Buyout Claims
This category covers item which are secured from and directly delivered by
outside suppliers. These items are not covered by a shippers list prepared
by IBSF.

CLAIMS AND INSURANCE

The following are considered as complimentary part of IBSF's Policies and Procedures on
Claims:
a.
b.
c.

IBSF's legal responsibiities

IBSF's definition if shipping terms
IBSF's commercial responsibilities assumed for and on behalf of the customer (CIF
shipments only).

Cost of replacing these items lost or damaged during transportaion including freight will
be paid by the insurance company. However, if shipment is not insured, cost will be borne
by the customer.
Therefore, requests for such material cannot be considered as claims and will be treated as
an Order of Straight Sale.

PROCEDURES
1.

A copy of the Shipper's List will be provided to the Sales Office concerned with
each shipment that goes to their district. The report states back ordered items and
expected time of shipment.

2.

Sales Offices should refuse to accept any claim unless:

a.
b.

A written claim from the customer is received.

Claims are received within the following period:
b1.

Items Not Received and/or Damaged

(Category Nos. 1 and 2)
Unpacked Items - five (5) days from date of delivery to the jobsite
Packed Items - three (3) days from date of delivery to the site.

b2.

Misfabricated items and/or incorrect quantities (Category Nos. 3, 4,

and 5)
Anytime during erection with a maximum of one (1) year from date
of delivery to the jobsite.

3.

All acceptable claims must be reviewed by the Sales Manager and Engineers
before forwarding to the Head Office. A site inspection should be conducted if
possible.

4.

All claims must be forwarded in writing to the Head Office addressed to the
Engineering Manager indicating the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Date
Sales Manager or Sales Engineers initiating the claim.
The Job Number or Straight Sale Number.
The nature of the claim.
The action required
Material(s) required, Quantity and Part Number

Copy of the claim forwarded by the Client should be attached to the written request
of the Sales office concerned.

Appendix C.

TURN OF NUT TIGHTENING METHOD

HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS (A - 325) :

Following are the three alternative methods of bolt tightening
(Ref. AISC - Page 5-273 to 5-276).
1.

Turn-of-nut Tightening method

All bolts shall be brought to a snug-tight condition (i.e. when the plies of the joints are in firm
contact). This may be attained by the full effort of a man using an ordinary Spud Wrench. Following
this initial operation all bolts shall be tightened further by the amount of rotation specified in
following table :
Nut Rotation from Snug Tight Condition
Disposition of Outer Face of Bolted Parts
Bolt length (Under Both face normal One face normal to bolt Both faces sloped not
side of head to end to bolt axis
axis and other sloped not more than 1 : 20
of bolt)
more than 1 : 20 from normal to the
(beveled washer not bolt axis (beveled
washer not used)
used)
Up
to
and
1/3 turn
1/2 turn
2/3 turn
including
4
diameters
Over 4 diameters
but not exceeding
1/2 turn
2/3 turn
5/6 turn
8 diameters
Over 8 diameters
but not exceeding
2/3 turn
5/6 turn
1 turn
12 diameters
2 & 3. Using Direct Tension Indicator / or Torque Wrench
When direct tension indicator devices / Torque Wrench are to be used minimum bolt tension / or
Torque Value should be as per following table :
Bolt Diameter
(MM)
12
16
20
22
24
28

For Tension Indicator

(KN)
53
84
125
173
226
249

For Torque Wrench

(N.M)
136
271
481
773
1153
1437