1

What is a socket?
the combination of the source and destination IP address and source and destination Ethernet
address
the combination of a source IP address and port number or a destination IP address and port
number
the combination of the source and destination sequence and acknowledgment numbers
the combination of the source and destination sequence numbers and port numbers
A socket is a combination of the source IP address and source port or the destination IP address and the
destination port number.
Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option

2
A host device needs to send a large video file across the network while providing data communication to
other users. Which feature will allow different communication streams to occur at the same time,
without having a single data stream using all available bandwidth?
window size
multiplexing
port numbers
acknowledgments
Multiplexing is useful for interleaving multiple communication streams. Window size is used to slow
down the rate of data communication. Port numbers are used to pass data streams to their proper
applications. Acknowledgments are used to notify a sending device that a stream of data packets has or
has not been received.

Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option

3
A host device sends a data packet to a web server via the HTTP protocol. What is used by the transport
layer to pass the data stream to the proper application on the server?
sequence number
acknowledgment
source port number
destination port number
Destination port numbers are used to pass data streams to their proper applications, while source port
numbers are randomly generated and kept track of by the source device. Sequence numbers indicate
how to reassemble and reorder received segments. Acknowledgments are used to notify a sending
device that a stream of data packets has or has not been received.
Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response 2 points for Option 4
0 points for any other option

4
What is a beneficial feature of the UDP transport protocol?

acknowledgment of received data

fewer delays in transmission
tracking of data segments using sequence numbers
the ability to retransmit lost data
Because its header is much smaller than the TCP header, the UDP protocol provides fewer transmission
delays.
Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option

5
Which scenario describes a function provided by the transport layer?
A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the
phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.
A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded
within the transport layer header.
A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport
layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.
A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport
layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view
the web site.
The source and destination port numbers are used to identify the correct application and window within
that application.
Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option

6
What is the complete range of TCP and UDP well-known ports?
0 to 255
0 to 1023
256 - 1023
1024 - 49151
There are three ranges of TCP and UDP ports. The well-know range of port numbers is from 0 - 1023.
Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option

7
What does a client application select for a TCP or UDP source port number?
a random value in the well-known port range
a random value in the range of the registered ports
a predefined value in the well-known port range
a predefined value in the range of the registered ports

The client randomly selects an available source port in the range of the registered ports.
Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option

8
Compared to UDP, what factor causes additional network overhead for TCP communication?
network traffic that is caused by retransmissions
the identification of applications based on destination port numbers
the encapsulation into IP packets
the checksum error detection
All of the extra control tasks that TCP performs, such as ordering segments, keeping track of sequence
numbers, asking for retransmissions, and many other tasks, cause the communications to experience
delays and overhead.
Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option
9
Which transport layer feature is used to guarantee session establishment?

UDP ACK flag

TCP 3-way handshake
UDP sequence number
TCP port number
TCP uses the 3-way handshake. UDP does not use this feature. The 3-way handshake ensures there is
connectivity between the source and destination devices before transmission occurs.
Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option

10
Which two flags in the TCP header are used in a TCP three-way handshake to establish connectivity
between two network devices? (Choose two.)
ACK
FIN
PSH
RST
SYN
URG
TCP uses the SYN and ACK flags in order to establish connectivity between two network devices.
Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response Option 1 and Option 5 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required.

11
Which factor determines TCP window size?
the amount of data to be transmitted
the number of services included in the TCP segment
the amount of data the destination can process at one time
the amount of data the source is capable of sending at one time
Window is the number of bytes that the sender will send prior to expecting an acknowledgement from
the destination device. The initial window is agreed upon during the session startup via the three-way
handshake between source and destination. It is determined by how much data the destination device
of a TCP session is able to accept and process at one time.
Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option

12
During a TCP session, a destination device sends an acknowledgment number to the source device.
What does the acknowledgment number represent?
the total number of bytes that have been received
one number more than the sequence number

the next byte that the destination expects to receive

the last sequence number that was sent by the source
Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response 2 points for Option 3
0 points for any other option

13
A PC is downloading a large file from a server. The TCP window is 1000 bytes. The server is sending the
file using 100-byte segments. How many segments will the server send before it requires an
acknowledgment from the PC?
1 segment
10 segments
100 segments
1000 segments
With a window of 1000 bytes, the destination host accepts segments until all 1000 bytes of data have
been received. Then the destination host sends an acknowledgment.
Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option
14

Which two TCP header fields are used to confirm receipt of data?
FIN flag
SYN flag
checksum
sequence number
acknowledgment number
Together the TCP sequence number and acknowledgment number fields are used by the receiver to
inform the sender of the bytes of data that the receiver has accepted.
Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response Option 4 and Option 5 are correct.
1 point for each correct option.
0 points if more options are selected than required.

15
What happens if the first packet of a TFTP transfer is lost?
The client will wait indefinitely for the reply.
The TFTP application will retry the request if a reply is not received.
The next-hop router or the default gateway will provide a reply with an error code.
The transport layer will retry the query if a reply is not received.
The TFTP protocol uses UDP for queries, so the TFTP application must implement the reliability, if
needed.
Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option

16
What does a client do when it has UDP datagrams to send?
It just sends the datagrams.
It queries the server to see if it is ready to receive data.
It sends a simplified three-way handshake to the server.
It sends to the server a segment with the SYN flag set to synchronize the conversation.
When a client has UDP datagrams to send, it just sends the datagrams.
Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response 2 points for Option 1
0 points for any other option

17
A technician wishes to use TFTP to transfer a large file from a file server to a remote router. Which
statement is correct about this scenario?
The file is segmented and then reassembled in the correct order by TCP.
The file is segmented and then reassembled in the correct order at the destination, if necessary,
by the upper-layer protocol.
The file is not segmented, because UDP is the transport layer protocol that is used by TFTP.

Large files must be sent by FTP not TFTP.

UDP does not reorder the data. If necessary, UDP relies on the upper-layer protocols for reordering of
the data.
Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response 2 points for Option 2
0 points for any other option

18
Fill in the blank.
During a TCP session, the_______________________ flag is used by the client to request
communication with the server.
The three steps during a TCP three-way handshake are SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK.
Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response Observable 1 receives +1 point if it was answered correctly.
Observable 1 receives +0 points if it was answered incorrectly. 1
19
Fill in the blank using a number. A total of__________________________________ messages are
exchanged during the TCP session termination process between the client and the server.

To terminate a TCP session, a client sends a segment with the FIN flag set on. The server replies with an
ACK flag. Then the server sends a FIN flag to the client. The client finally sends a segment with the ACK
flag back to the server. A total of four messages are needed.
Observable

Description

Max Value
correctness of response Observable 1 receives +1 point if it was answered correctly.
Observable 1 receives +0 points if it was answered incorrectly. 1

TCP uses 3-way handshaking as part of being able to provide reliable communication and window size to
provide data flow control. UDP is a connectionless protocol that is great for video conferencing. Both
TCP and UDP have port numbers to distinguish between applications and application windows and a
checksum field for error detection.

Observable

Description

Max Value
Options placed in the correct location. Click on the question mark at the bottom of the item for the
correct answer. There is no partial credit.

22.

A TCP/IP segment that originated on the PC has 192.168.1.2 as the IP source address. 2578 is the only
possible option for the source port number because the PC port number must be in the range of
registered ports 1024 to 49151. The destination is the web server, which has the IP address 192.168.2.2,
and the destination port number is 80 according to the HTTP protocol standard.