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Simple Wav Player Using Arduino

This document provides instructions for building a simple WAV audio player using an Arduino board. It explains that digital audio works by sampling an analog audio signal, quantizing it, and storing it digitally. WAV files contain raw PCM audio data. The Arduino can play this data by generating PWM signals from the audio sample values and filtering the output with a low-pass filter to reconstruct the analog waveform. It then gives step-by-step directions for assembling the necessary hardware components like a speaker, buttons, and Arduino, and preparing the software code to read a WAV file's data and generate the corresponding PWM output to play it.

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Lord_Darth_Vader
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© © All Rights Reserved
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63 views

Simple Wav Player Using Arduino

This document provides instructions for building a simple WAV audio player using an Arduino board. It explains that digital audio works by sampling an analog audio signal, quantizing it, and storing it digitally. WAV files contain raw PCM audio data. The Arduino can play this data by generating PWM signals from the audio sample values and filtering the output with a low-pass filter to reconstruct the analog waveform. It then gives step-by-step directions for assembling the necessary hardware components like a speaker, buttons, and Arduino, and preparing the software code to read a WAV file's data and generate the corresponding PWM output to play it.

Uploaded by

Lord_Darth_Vader
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Simple Wav Player Using Arduino


by ElecFreaks on August 21, 2014

Table of Contents
Simple Wav Player Using Arduino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Intro: Simple Wav Player Using Arduino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Step 1: Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Step 2: The Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1 Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2 PWM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Step 3: Prepare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Step 4: Make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Related Instructables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Advertisements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

http://www.instructables.com/id/Simple-Wav-Player-Using-Arduino/

Intro: Simple Wav Player Using Arduino


Talking about using Arduino to play music, is it the Arduino MP3 shield not the first thing you come up with? Or maybe some geeks will consider about tone() function?
They are not the things our topic is about today. We dont need any MP3 shield, tone(), or SD card. Only Arduino can perfectly play the music you like.
Its cool. Do-it-yourself a home-brew MP3 player for dear daddy or little daughter is fascinating. If you got a small Freaduino Nano or Freaduino Pro to put this into fact,
then Im sure ipod wont be your consideration. But specifically how do you make it? Let us take a look.
PS: For the demo were gonna show you, since the RAM for the Arduino is very small, hence we can only keep a 2-3 second music. Use a SD card, therell
be no time limitation.

Step 1: Overview
Integrated with the homemade low-pass filter, this Arduino-based simple WAV player is to send out PWM signal generated by UNO, then through the low-pass filter and
make the PCM data stored in the flash of UNO into sounds. Basically, the player cannot be regarded as a pure WAV playback, because by extracting the data from the
WAV file and storing it in an array format in UNO, this tutorial is for reference. You can make SD card based WAV player by referring to this idea. The WAV player is easy
to make on different platforms and applicable for various scenarios like voice broadcast system, electronic keyboard, as long as you understand the principle of sound.

Step 2: The Principle


2.1 Digital Audio
2.1.1 Digital Audio Basics
The basic principles and methods of digital audio processing technology is to use ADC, the analog digital converter, to take sample, quantize, encode and convert the
analog audio signal into digital data and files to be saved. Of course, during the playback, the digital data goes through the DAC digital analog converter to restore the
analogy signal form to be played out by the sound device.
Depending on the application range of the audio signal, the sampling frequency and the quantization accuracy of the analog audio digital 0ADC varies. The following
table shows the common standard:
As you can see from the above table, according to the sampling theorem, for audio signal with different qualities, the digital audio ADC sampling frequency is twice the
highest frequency analog signal. Additionally, the higher sound quality you require, the higher ADC quantization bits. In fact, the human ear cannot tell 1/256 level (8)
precision changes, but for the CD sound quality, we use 16 quantization bits, precision 1/65536. Apparently, the better sound quality a digital audio has, the greater the
amount of data it has to deal with. As for a second audio signal, when its a telephone-level quality digital audio, the amount of data is 8k bytes with each byte stored the
level value of one sampling point. To obtain a CD-level quality digital audio, the data amount for every second is 88.2k; that amount is 176.4k for a two-channel stereo.
The most typical digital audio data file is WAV, which is mostly by using the original PCM encoding to store the raw data for each sampling point. Without any
compression, now we got a sound card(either integrated or stand-alone) with build-in microphone port, under the support of WINDOWS platform, we can record, that is,
turn the sound into digital audio and save it in the computer. And this file we saved, is WAV format file. Therefore, when we follow the sampling frequency speed to read
the audio data one by one, the file is converted to analog signal by DAC, thus, the sound can be represented.
2.1.2 WAVE Format Introduction
WAVE format (extension: wav) is one of the basic audio formats used in multimedia digital audio, which is based on RIFF format as a standard. RIFF is short for
Resource Interchange File Format. The first four bytes of each WAVE file is RIFF.
WAVE files are composed of several chunks (blocks). According to their positions in the file, they are: RIFF WAVE chunk, format chunk, fact chunk (optional), data chunk,
LIST chunk (optional), etc. Of all listed above, except for RIFF WAVE chunk, format chunk, data chunk, the others are optional.
2.1.3 Get PCM Audio Data from WAV Files
There are many WAV format files in PC. In fact, all prompt tone WINDOWS uses WAV format files. We can certainly create whatever audio file we need with the software
on the PC. In the materials we provide a WAV file talking microcontroller.wav for readers. You can use the software WINHEX to view the specific content of the file in
binary format (displayed as hexadecimal). The picture below tells how to display the content of the file by using INHEX.
According to the previous introduction of the WAV format audio file, you can find out the audio data part. The chunks have been marked in the following picture, and the
parameters have been listed.

2.2 PWM
2.2.1 Introduction

http://www.instructables.com/id/Simple-Wav-Player-Using-Arduino/

PWM, is abbreviation form for Pulse Width Modulation. It is actually a


very effective technology in the field of using microprocessor to control the analog circuitry, widely used in measurement, communication, power control and conversion
and many other fields.
2.2.2 PWM Generation
The most common function of the microcontroller is timing. Its a simple
internal timer, when incrementing to a certain value, it returns to zero. PWM generates from these timers, outputs high level via the external pin. When the timer reaches
zero and the output low level reaches another value, you can invert the two values. By this method, you can make the output pin remain at a high level within a particular
time length, instead of switching its codes manually. If you output pin through a low-pass filter, you can get the average.
2.2.3 ADC Function Realization
The resistor R and the capacitor C on the PWM output pins simply constitute an integrator circuit. When filtering out high frequency to obtain smoothing, you can get the
analog audio output at the audio output. Here, based on the example we provide, for a wav file, since the PWM frequency generated is 8 kHz, the PWM output signals
contains many high-frequency signal components: greater than 8k. Therefore, the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter composed of the resistor R and the capacitor C
should be around 6 kHz so as to filter out signals with high frequency of over 8k, only to retain the analog signals with frequency under 4 kHz.
The cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter composed of the resistor and
the capacitor is calculated by the formula: F=1/2?RC. Introducing the numbers, heres what we get: 1/(2*3.1415*2700*0.00000001)=5897.6Hz. Thus, when R=2.7k,
C=0.01uF, the cutoff frequency of the filter is approximately 5.9 kHz.

Step 3: Prepare
The hardware:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

USB mini speaker


Digital push button
Freaduino UNO
46 cm universal board
Dupont line
Audio port

The software:
1. AVR studio 4.19
2. Winavr-2010
Note: Here I provide AVR studio routines since I think it more convenient to write some codes in AVR studio than Arduino IDE. You just need to make a slight
modification before you can use the codes in the Arduino IDE.

http://www.instructables.com/id/Simple-Wav-Player-Using-Arduino/

Step 4: Make
1. Solder the low-pass filter on the 46 com universal board by referring to the following circuit diagram.
2. Connect the Signal Input on the low-pass filter with D6 on UNO; wire the filter and UNO to the common ground.
3. Plug the digital button into A1 on UNO. As shown below:
4. Plug the audio jack of the USB mini speaker into the audio port of the output end of the filter.
After the above steps are completed, power up the UNO and download the
codes into it, press the digital button and then you will hear the sound from the USB speaker.
Source page: ElecFreaks blog

http://www.instructables.com/id/Simple-Wav-Player-Using-Arduino/

http://www.instructables.com/id/Simple-Wav-Player-Using-Arduino/

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Comments
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seamster says:
Nice! Thanks for sharing this.

http://www.instructables.com/id/Simple-Wav-Player-Using-Arduino/

Aug 22, 2014. 6:07 AM REPLY

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