California State University
Long Beach
Civil Engineering Department
Fluid Mechanics
Laboratory
CE 336
Group Report
Experiment Title: 5
Report Title:
Submitted By:
Lab Section:
Energy Loss in Pipes
Date Signed:
Karla Perez, Zuriel Crisostomo, and Stephanie Galaz
3
10/29/2014
Group No:
Date Due:
2
11/11/2014
Group Members
Name
1
Karla Perez
Zuriel Crisostomo
Stephanie Galaz
Engineering
Major
Report sections worked on
Data and
Calculations
Discussion,
Conclusion, and
Recommendations
Mechanical
Engineering
Civil
Engineering
Civil
Engineering
Table of Contents
Purpose of Study ............................................................................................................................. 3
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3
Equipment ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Experimental Set-Up and Procedures ............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Set up: ......................................................................................................................................... 3
Procedure: ................................................................................................................................... 3
Data and Calculations ..................................................................................................................... 3
Discussion (Analysis of Experimental Data) .................................................................................. 7
Conclusion and Recommendations ................................................................................................. 7
References ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Purpose of Study
Introduction
Equipment
Set up:
Procedure:
Data and Calculations
Table 1:Reynold's number, friction factor, and head loss for 5 mm, 8 mm, 11 mm, and 17 mm Pipes
D = 5 mm
Volume
Volume
V
Liters
Time
T
sec
m3
0.25 0.00025 13.69
0.25 0.00025 18.34
0.25 0.00025 46.48
Flow Rate
Pipe
Velocity
Diameter
D
m
m3/sec
1.82615E-05
1.36314E-05
5.37866E-06
V
m/s
0.005 0.928158
0.005 0.692829
0.005 0.273375
Reynold's Friction Factor f from Calculated Measured
log of hm
Number Moody Chart
Head Loss head loss
log
Velocity
Percent
Error
Re
log V
4640.789
3464.144
1366.876
hc
hm
m H2O
m H2O
0.038 0.334042 0.482
0.042 0.205719 0.272
0.055 0.041943 0.043
log hm
-0.31695296
-0.5654311
-1.36653154
-0.03238 44.2932
-0.15937 32.21898
-0.56324 2.521168
D = 8 mm
Volume
Volume
V
Liters
0.25
0.25
0.25
Time
Flow Rate
T
sec
m3
0.00025
3.25
0.00025
4.25
0.00025 12.75
Volume
Volume
Flow Rate
V
Liters
2
2
1
Pipe
Velocity
Diameter
D
m
m3/sec
7.69231E-05
5.88235E-05
1.96078E-05
Reynold's Friction Factor f from Calculated Measured
log of hm
Number Moody Chart
Head Loss head loss
V
Re
f
m/s
0.008 1.527221 12217.77
0.008 1.167875
9343
0.008 0.389292 3114.333
hc
hm
m H2O
m H2O
0.029 0.431376
0.51
0.0315 0.274004 0.289
0.024 0.023196 0.054
log hm
-0.29242982
-0.53910216
-1.26760624
log
Velocity
Percent
Error
log V
0.183902 18.22637
0.067396 5.472831
-0.40972 132.7975
D = 11 mm
m3
Time
T
sec
0.002
9.83
0.002 11.28
0.001
8.89
Pipe
Velocity
Diameter
D
m
m3/sec
0.000203459
0.000177305
0.000112486
V
m/s
0.011 2.136566
0.011 1.861919
0.011 1.18124
Reynold's Friction Factor f from Calculated Measured
log of hm
Number Moody Chart
Head Loss head loss
log
Velocity
Percent
Error
Re
log V
23502.23
20481.11
12993.64
hc
hm
m H2O
m H2O
0.0154 0.326065 0.536
0.0152 0.244409 0.362
0.03 0.194155 0.214
log hm
-0.27083521
-0.44129143
-0.66958623
0.329716 64.3842
0.269961 48.11265
0.072338 10.22117
D = 17 mm
Volume
Volume
V
Liters
4
4
4
V
m3
Time
T
sec
0.004 12.71
0.004 16.07
0.004
24.4
Flow Rate
Pipe
Velocity
Diameter
D
m
m3/sec
0.000314713
0.000248911
0.000163934
Reynold's Friction Factor f from Calculated Measured
log of hm
Number Moody Chart
Head Loss head loss
V
Re
f
m/s
0.017
1.3837 23522.9
0.017 1.094389 18604.61
0.017 0.720771 12253.12
hc
hm
m H2O
m H2O
0.0154 0.088491
0.1
0.0255 0.09166 0.074
0.03 0.046775
0.32
log hm
-1
-1.13076828
-0.49485002
log
Velocity
Percent
Error
log V
0.141042 13.00575
0.039172 19.26656
-0.1422 584.1298
D = 17 mm Roughened Pipe
Volume
Volume
V
Liters
4
4
4
V
m3
Time
T
sec
0.004
31.7
0.004 20.85
0.004 15.36
Flow Rate
Q
Pipe
Velocity
Diameter
D
m
m3/sec
0.000126183
0.000191847
0.000260417
Reynold's Friction Factor f from Calculated Measured
log of hm
Number Moody Chart
Head Loss head loss
V
Re
f
m/s
0.017 0.554789 9431.42
0.017 0.843493 14339.38
0.017 1.144976 19464.58
hc
hm
m H2O
m H2O
0.032 0.02956 0.087
0.027 0.057653 0.232
0.0245 0.096395 0.353
log hm
-1.06048075
-0.63451202
-0.45222529
log
Velocity
Percent
Error
log V
-0.25587 194.3188
-0.07392 302.4079
0.058796 266.2024
Measured Head Loss (hm) vs Velocity
0.6
Measured Head Loss ( m H2O)
0.55
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
5 mm Smooth Pipe
0.3
8 mm Smooth Pipe
0.25
11 mm Smooth Pipe
0.2
17 mm Smooth Pipe
0.15
17 mm Rough Pipe
0.1
0.05
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
Velocity (m/s)
Figure 1: Measured Head Loss vs Velocity
Calculated Head Loss (hm) vs Velocity
0
-0.1 0
-0.2
-0.3
y = 1.9787x - 0.2517 -0.4
-0.5
-0.6
-0.7
-0.8
-0.9
-1
-1.1
y = 1.9574x - 0.5389
-1.2
-1.3
-1.4
-1.5
-0.6
-0.4
Measured Head Loss ( m H2O)
-0.8
-0.2
0.2
y = 1.6092x - 0.6147
y = 1.4507x - 0.7855
y = -1.9846x - 0.8501
Velocity (m/s)
5 mm Smooth Pipe
8 mm Smooth Pipe
11 mm Smooth Pipe
17 mm Smooth Pipe
17 mm Rough Pipe
Linear (5 mm Smooth Pipe)
Linear (8 mm Smooth Pipe)
Linear (11 mm Smooth Pipe)
Linear (17 mm Smooth Pipe)
Linear (17 mm Rough Pipe)
Figure 2: Calculated Head Loss vs Velocity
Table 2: Slope of Calculated Head Loss vs Velocity in Turbulent Flow
Pipe
Slope
5 mm
1.9787
8 mm
1.6092
11 mm
17 mm
17 mm rough
1.4507
-1.9846
1.9574
Table 3: Reynold's Number for Transitional Flow with Velocities
Re for beginning of transitional
Re in
Velocity
flow
Data
3000 3114.333 0.389292
Re for end of transitional flow
0.4
5000 4640.789 0.928158
Discussion (Analysis of Experimental Data)
Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Munson, B.R., T.H. Okiishi, W. W. Huebsch, A.P. Rothmayer, 2012, Fundamentals of Fluid
Mechanics, 7th edition, John Wiley, Chapter 10.
CE 336 Fluid Mechanics student manual, 1993, CSULB
