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Weirs: KMEM1170

This document describes an experiment to determine the characteristics of flow over a rectangular notch weir. The experiment measured the head and flow rate for different water levels, then analyzed the relationship between flow rate, head, and weir width. The results showed that flow rate increased with head, so they are directly proportional. The coefficient of discharge was found to vary between 0.6482 and 1.0780, with an average of 0.7965. The relationships between flow rate, head, width, and discharge coefficient were determined to match established weir flow equations.

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Muhamed Zaim
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204 views4 pages

Weirs: KMEM1170

This document describes an experiment to determine the characteristics of flow over a rectangular notch weir. The experiment measured the head and flow rate for different water levels, then analyzed the relationship between flow rate, head, and weir width. The results showed that flow rate increased with head, so they are directly proportional. The coefficient of discharge was found to vary between 0.6482 and 1.0780, with an average of 0.7965. The relationships between flow rate, head, width, and discharge coefficient were determined to match established weir flow equations.

Uploaded by

Muhamed Zaim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KMEM1170

WEIRS
Abstract
In open channel hydraulics, weirs are usually used to either control or to measure the volumetric flow
rate. They are of specific use in big scale conditions such as irrigation schemes, channels and rivers.
For small scale uses, weirs are normally referred to as notches and consistently are sharp edged and
manufactured from thin plate material. In this experiment, the main purpose is to determine the
characteristics of flow over a rectangular notch. Besides that, the experiment is carried to calculate
coefficient of discharge and flow rate.

Introduction
A rectangular weir is basically a flat plate blockade in an open channel flow route, with a straight,
level opening to let the water flow over the weir. It is also utilized to meter flow water in an open
channels. The head over the rectangular weir is measured and associated with the water flow rate
through the open channel (over the weir). A rectangular weir equation gives water flow rate as a
function of head over the rectangular weir.

Where,

= Coefficient of discharge
B = width of notch
H = Head above bottom of notch

The two main types of weir are sharp crested weir and wide crested weir (Chanson 1999, 2004;
Henderson 196;, Sturm 2001). The crest is the term used for the top of the weir, where the water flows
over it. The below diagram is the example of weir.

There are two shapes for sharp crested weirs are the v notch weir and the rectangular weir. A
rectangular weir may go all the way across the channel (called a suppressed rectangular weir). If it is
inset at the sides as shown in the diagram, then it is called a contracted rectangular weir. Three
common types of sharp crested weir are shown in the diagram below. Another type of contracted,
sharp crested weir is the cipolletti weir. It has a trapezoidal opening for the water to flow through it.

Objective

To determine the characteristics of flow over a rectangular notch.


To determine the coefficient of discharge for the weir used.

Results , calculation and discussion


H (m)

L (litre)

Time

Flow rate,
Q (m/s)

0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06

5
5
5
10
10
10

52.36
24.35
14.31
18.56
14.11
11.18

9.55
2.05
3.49
5.39
7.09
8.44

B = 0.03m
(
Q=
=

) = 0.0885889 = constant, k
(k)

(
1.00
2.83
5.20
8.00
11.18
14.70

)
(
2.09
3.48
4.96
6.62
7.95
8.93

log Q

log H

-4.02
-3.69
-3.46
-3.27
-3.15
-3.07

-2.00
-1.70
-1.52
-1.40
-1.30
-1.22

)
1.0780
0.8181
0.7582
0.7605
0.7158
0.6482

0.01
y = 0.1408x + 0.0007

0.009
0.008

Q^(2/3)

0.007
0.006
0.005

Series1

0.004

Linear (Series1)

0.003
0.002
0.001
0
0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

H (m)

0
-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

-0.5
-1
-1.5

log Q

-2
-2.5
-3

y = 1.2541x - 1.5316

-3.5
-4
log H

-4.5

1.2
1
0.8
y = -7.0103x + 1.0418

0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

H (m)

log Q = n log H + log k


y = mx + c
c = log k
c = -1.5316
k = 0.0294
n = gradient
n = 0.1408

Conclusion
1.
is not constant for this notch
2.
erage value of
is 0.7965
3. Q-H relationship can be described by formula Q = k . If H increases, Q also
increases. Thus, Q is directly proportional to H. Values of k and n are 0.0294 and
0.1408 respectively.
4.
is directly proportional to head and inversely proportional to width of notch.

References
1. Munson, B. R., Young, D. F., & Okiishi, T. H., Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 4th Ed.,
New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2002.
2. http://www.openchannelflow.com/products/weirs/flow-characteristics
3. http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hydraulics-civil-engineering/65880-open-channelflow-measurement-5-the-rectangular-weir/

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