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Logarithm and Exponential Questions

The document contains 15 logarithmic and exponential equations with their step-by-step solutions. The equations include solving for variables, using logarithmic properties like the change of base formula, and rewriting expressions in exponential form. The solutions demonstrate algebraic manipulations like taking logarithms and exponents of both sides of an equation to solve for the variable.

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Raphael Tan
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797 views4 pages

Logarithm and Exponential Questions

The document contains 15 logarithmic and exponential equations with their step-by-step solutions. The equations include solving for variables, using logarithmic properties like the change of base formula, and rewriting expressions in exponential form. The solutions demonstrate algebraic manipulations like taking logarithms and exponents of both sides of an equation to solve for the variable.

Uploaded by

Raphael Tan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Logarithm and Exponential Questions

(with Answers and Solutions)


1. Solve the equation (1/2)2x + 1 = 1

2. Solve x ym = y x3 for m.

3. Given: log8(5) = b. Express log4(10) in terms of b.

4. Simplify without calculator: log6(216) + [ log(42) - log(6) ] / log(49)

5. Simplify without calculator: ((3-1 - 9-1) / 6)1/3

6. Express (logxa)(logab) as a single logarithm.

7. Find a so that the graph of y = logax passes through the point (e , 2).

8. Find constant A such that log3 x = A log5x


for all x > 0.

9. Solve for x the equation log [ log (2 + log2(x + 1)) ] = 0

10. Solve for x the equation 2 x b4 logbx = 486

11. Solve for x the equation ln (x - 1) + ln (2x - 1) = 2 ln (x + 1)

12. Find the x intercept of the graph of y = 2 log( sqrt(x - 1) - 2)

13. Solve for x the equation 9x - 3x - 8 = 0

14. Solve for x the equation 4x - 2 = 3x + 4

15. If logx(1 / 8) = -3 / 4, than what is x?

Solutions to the Above Problems


1. Rewrite equation as (1/2)2x + 1 = (1/2)0
Leads to 2x + 1 = 0
Solve for x: x = -1/2

2. Divide all terms by x y and rewrite equation as: ym - 1 = x2


Take ln of both sides (m - 1) ln y = 2 ln x
Solve for m: m = 1 + 2 ln(x) / ln(y)

3. Use log rule of product: log4(10) = log4(2) + log4(5)


log4(2) = log4(41/2) = 1/2
Use change of base formula to write: log4(5) = log8(5) / log8(4) = b / (2/3) , since
log8(4) = 2/3
log4(10) = log4(2) + log4(5) = (1 + 3b) / 2

4. log6(216) + [ log(42) - log(6) ] / log(49)


= log6(63) + log(42/6) / log(72)
= 3 + log(7) /2 log(7) = 3 + 1/2 = 7/2

5. ((3-1 - 9-1) / 6)1/3


= ((1/3 - 1/9) / 6)1/3
= ((6 / 27) / 6)1/3 = 1/3

6. Use change of base formula: (logxa)(logab)


= logxa (logxb / logxa) = logxb

7. 2 = logae
a2 = e
ln(a2) = ln e
2 ln a = 1
a = e1/2

8. Use change of base formula using ln to rewrite the given equation as follows
ln (x) / ln(3) = A ln(x) / ln(5)
A = ln(5) / ln(3)

9. Rewrite given equation as: log [ log (2 + log2(x + 1)) ] = log (1) , since log(1) = 0.
log (2 + log2(x + 1)) = 1
2 + log2(x + 1) = 10
log2(x + 1) = 8
x + 1 = 28
x = 28 - 1

10. Note that b4 logbx = x4


The given equation may be written as: 2x x 4 = 486
x = 2431/5 = 3

11. Group terms and use power rule: ln (x - 1)(2x - 1) = ln (x + 1)2


ln function is a one to one function, hence: (x - 1)(2x - 1) = (x + 1)2
Solve the above quadratic function: x = 0 and x = 5
Only x = 5 is a valid solution to the equation given above since x = 0 is not in the
domain of the expressions making the equations.

12. Solve: 0 = 2 log( sqrt(x - 1) - 2)


Divide both sides by 2: log( sqrt(x - 1) - 2) = 0
Use the fact that log(1)= 0: sqrt(x - 1) - 2 = 1
Rewrite as: sqrt(x - 1) = 3
Raise both sides to the power 2: (x - 1) = 32
x-1=9
x = 10

13. Given: 9x - 3x - 8 = 0
Note that: 9x = (3x)2
Equation may be written as: (3x)2 - 3x - 8 = 0
Let y = 3x and rewite equation with y: y2 - y - 8 = 0
Solve for y: y = ( 1 + sqrt(33) ) / 2 and ( 1 - sqrt(33) ) / 2
Since y = 3x, the only acceptable solution is y = ( 1 + sqrt(33) ) / 2
3x = ( 1 + sqrt(33) ) / 2
Use ln on both sides: ln 3x = ln [ ( 1 + sqrt(33) ) / 2]
Simplify and solve: x = ln [ ( 1 + sqrt(33) ) / 2] / ln 3

14. Given: 4x - 2 = 3x + 4
Take ln of both sides: ln ( 4x - 2 ) = ln ( 3x + 4 )
Simplify: (x - 2) ln 4 = (x + 4) ln 3
Expand: x ln 4 - 2 ln 4 = x ln 3 + 4 ln 3
Group like terms: x ln 4 - x ln 3 = 4 ln 3 + 2 ln 4
Solve for x: x = ( 4 ln 3 + 2 ln 4 ) / (ln 4 - ln 3) = ln (34 * 42) / ln (4/3) = ln (34 * 24) /
ln (4/3)
= 4 ln(6) / ln(4/3)

15. Rewrite the given equation using exponential form: x- 3 / 4 = 1 / 8


Raise both sides of the above equation to the power -4 / 3: (x- 3 / 4)- 4 / 3 = (1 / 8)- 4 / 3
simplify: x = 84 / 3 = 24 = 16

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