Format() “Returns a Variant (String) containing an expression formatted
according to instructions contained in a format expression.
Syntax
Format(expression[, format[, firstdayofweek[, firstweekofyear]]])
Examples:
Dim MyTime, MyDate, MyStr
MyTime = #17:04:23#
MyDate = #January 27, 1993#
' Returns current system time in the system-defined long time format.
MyStr = Format(Time, "Long Time")
' Returns current system date in the system-defined long date format.
MyStr = Format(Date, "Long Date")
MyStr = Format(MyTime, "h:m:s") ' Returns "17:4:23".
MyStr = Format(MyTime, "hh:mm:ss AMPM") ' Returns "05:04:23 PM".
MyStr = Format(MyDate, "dddd, mmm d yyyy") ' Returns "Wednesday,
' Jan 27 1993".
' If format is not supplied, a string is returned.
MyStr = Format(23) ' Returns "23".
' User-defined formats.
MyStr = Format(5459.4, "##,##0.00") ' Returns "5,459.40".
MyStr = Format(334.9, "###0.00") ' Returns "334.90".
MyStr = Format(5, "0.00%") ' Returns "500.00%".
MyStr = Format("HELLO", "<") ' Returns "hello".
MyStr = Format("This is it", ">") ' Returns "THIS IS IT".
Date Handling Functions
Str() : Returns a Variant (String) representation of a number.
Syntax
Str(number)
Trim(0, Ltrim(), Rtrim()
Returns a Variant (String) containing a copy of a specified string without leading
spaces (LTrim), trailing spaces (RTrim), or both leading and trailing spaces
(Trim).
Syntax
LTrim(string)
RTrim(string)
Trim(string)
Left() : Returns a Variant (String) containing a specified number of characters
from the left side of a string.
Syntax
Left(string, length)
Right() : Returns a Variant (String) containing a specified number of characters
from the right side of a string.
Syntax
Right(string, length)
Len() : Returns a Long containing the number of characters in a string or the
number of bytes required to store a variable.
Syntax
Len(string | varname)
Mid() : Returns a Variant (String) containing a specified number of characters
from a string.
Syntax
Mid(string, start[, length])
Example:
Dim MyString, FirstWord, LastWord, MidWords
MyString = "Mid Function Demo" ' Create text string.
FirstWord = Mid(MyString, 1, 3) ' Returns "Mid".
LastWord = Mid(MyString, 14, 4) ' Returns "Demo".
MidWords = Mid(MyString, 5) ' Returns "Function Demo".
InStr() : Returns a Variant (Long) specifying the position of the first occurrence
of one string within another.
Syntax
InStr([start, ]string1, string2[, compare])
Examples:
Dim SearchString, SearchChar, MyPos
SearchString ="XXpXXpXXPXXP" ' String to search in.
SearchChar = "P" ' Search for "P".
' A textual comparison starting at position 4. Returns 6. Fourth parameter
indicates comparison option. 1 means Text and 0 means Binary.
MyPos = Instr(4, SearchString, SearchChar, 1)
' A binary comparison starting at position 1. Returns 9.
MyPos = Instr(1, SearchString, SearchChar, 0)
' Comparison is binary by default (last argument is omitted).
MyPos = Instr(SearchString, SearchChar) ' Returns 9.
MyPos = Instr(1, SearchString, "W") ' Returns 0.
Option Compare Binary :Comparison is Case Sensitive (Default)
Option Compare Text : Comparison is NOT Case Sensitive
StrComp() : Returns a Variant (Integer) indicating the result of a string
comparison.
Syntax
StrComp(string1, string2[, compare])
Examples :
Dim MyStr1, MyStr2, MyComp
MyStr1 = "ABCD": MyStr2 = "abcd" ' Define variables.
MyComp = StrComp(MyStr1, MyStr2, 1) ' Returns 0.
MyComp = StrComp(MyStr1, MyStr2, 0) ' Returns -1.
MyComp = StrComp(MyStr2, MyStr1) ' Returns 1.
Option Compare {Binary | Text }
Binary : Case Sensitive
Text : Not Case Sensitive
StrConv() : Used to convert a string
Syntax
StrConv(String1, Case)
Examples
MsgBox StrConv("SIcsr", vbLowerCase)
MsgBox StrConv("SIcsr", vbUpperCase)
MsgBox StrConv("SyMBiosis comPUTER insTITUTE", vbProperCase)
Mathematical Functions
Val() : Returns the numbers contained in a string as a numeric value of
appropriate type.
Syntax
Val(string)
Round() : Returns a number rounded to a specified number of decimal places.
Syntax
Round(expression [,numdecimalplaces])
Sqr() : Returns a Double specifying the square root of a number.
Syntax
Sqr(number)
Abs() : Returns a value of the same type that is passed to it specifying the
absolute value of a number.
Syntax
Abs(number)
Sgn() : Returns a Variant (Integer) indicating the sign of a number.
Syntax
Sgn(number)
Date Handling Functions
Date : Returns a Variant (Date) containing the current system date.
Syntax
Date
Now () : Returns a Variant (Date) specifying the current date and time according
your computer's system date and time.
Syntax
Now
Day() : Returns a Variant (Integer) specifying a whole number between 1 and
31, inclusive, representing the day of the month.
Syntax
Day(date)
Month() : Returns a Variant (Integer) specifying a whole number between 1 and
12, inclusive, representing the month of the year.
Syntax
Month(date)
Year() : Returns a Variant (Integer) containing a whole number representing the
year.
Syntax
Year(date)
Hour() : Returns a Variant (Integer) specifying a whole number between 0 and
23, inclusive, representing the hour of the day.
Syntax
Hour(time)
Minute() : Returns a Variant (Integer) specifying a whole number between 0 and
59, inclusive, representing the minute of the hour.
Syntax
Minute(time)
Second() : Returns a Variant (Integer) specifying a whole number between 0
and 59, inclusive, representing the second of the minute.
Syntax
Second(time)
Time() : Returns a Variant (Date) indicating the current system time.
Syntax
Time
DateDiff() : Returns a Variant (Long) specifying the number of time intervals
between two specified dates.
Syntax
DateDiff(interval, date1, date2[)
Examples :
Dim TheDate As Date ' Declare variables.
Dim Msg
TheDate = InputBox("Enter a date")
Msg = "Days from today: " & DateDiff("d", Now, TheDate)
MsgBox Msg
Msg = "Months from today: " & DateDiff("m", Now, TheDate)
MsgBox Msg
DateAdd() : s a Variant (Date) containing a date to which a specified time
interval has been added.
Syntax
DateAdd(interval, number, date)
Examples : Dim FirstDate As Date ' Declare variables.
Dim IntervalType As String
Dim Number As Integer
Dim Msg
IntervalType = "m" ' "m" specifies months as interval.
FirstDate = InputBox("Enter a date")
Number = InputBox("Enter number of months to add")
Msg = "New date: " & DateAdd(IntervalType, Number, FirstDate)
MsgBox Msg
IntervalType = "d" ' "d" specifies days as interval.
Number = InputBox("Enter number of days to add")
Msg = "New date: " & DateAdd(IntervalType, Number, FirstDate)
MsgBox Msg
