A concept is an abstraction or generalization from experience or the result of a transformation of

existing concepts. The concept reifies all of its actual or potential instances whether these are things
in the real world or other ideas. Concepts are treated in many if not most disciplines whether
explicitly such as in psychology, philosophy, etc. or implicitly such as in mathematics, physics, etc.

This article is about adult human males. For humans in general, see Human. For other uses,
see Man (disambiguation).
"Manhood" and "Men" redirect here. For other uses, see Manhood (disambiguation) and Men
(disambiguation).

Man

Left to right from top: Hafez David Ban Ki-moon Chinhua

Achebe Aryabhata Hndel Confucius Kofi Annan Chief
Joseph Plato Ronaldo Albert Einstein Errol
Flynn Mohandas Gandhi Ole Henrik Magga Joel
Salatin Adam Erik Schinegger Man with
child Heracles with Telephus

A man is a male human. The term man is usually reserved for an adult male, with the
term boy being the usual term for a male child or adolescent. However, the term man is also
sometimes used to identify a male human, regardless of age, as in phrases such as "Men's
basketball".
Like most other male mammals, a man's genome typically inherits an X chromosome from his
mother and a Y chromosomefrom his father. The male fetus produces larger amounts
of androgens and smaller amounts of estrogens than a female fetus. This difference in the relative
amounts of these sex steroids is largely responsible for the physiological differences that distinguish
men from women. During puberty, hormones which stimulate androgen production result in the
development ofsecondary sexual characteristics, thus exhibiting greater differences between the
sexes. However, there are exceptions to the above for some intersex and transgender men.

A personal value is absolute or relative and ethical value, the assumption of which can be the basis
for ethical action. A value system is a set of consistent values and measures. A principle value is a
foundation upon which other values and measures of integrity are based.
Some values are physiologically determined and are normally considered objective, such as a desire
to avoid physical pain or to seek pleasure. Other values are consideredsubjective, vary across
individuals and cultures, and are in many ways aligned with belief and belief systems. Types of
values include ethical/moral values, doctrinal/ideological(religious, political) values, social values,
and aesthetic values. It is debated whether some values that are not clearly physiologically
determined, such as altruism, are intrinsic, and whether some, such as acquisitiveness, should be
classified as vices or virtues. Values have been studied in various
disciplines: anthropology, behavioral economics,business ethics, corporate governance, moral
philosophy, political sciences, social psychology, sociology and theology to name a few.
Values can be defined as broad preference concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes.
As such, values reflect a person's sense of right and wrong or what "ought" to be. "Equal rights for
all", "Excellence deserves admiration", and "People should be treated with respect and dignity" are
representative of values. Values tend to influence attitudes and behavior.

Ethics, sometimes known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that involves

systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct, often addressing
disputes of moral diversity.[1] The term comes from the Greekword ethikos from ethos,

which means "custom, habit". The superfield within philosophy known as axiology includes both
ethics and aesthetics and is unified by each sub-branch's concern with value.[2] Philosophical ethics
investigates what is the best way for humans to live, and what kinds of actions are right or wrong in
particular circumstances. Ethics may be divided into three major areas of study:[1]

Meta-ethics, about the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions and how
their truth values (if any) may be determined

Normative ethics, about the practical means of determining a moral course of action

Applied ethics draws upon ethical theory in order to ask what a person is obligated to do in some
very specific situation, or within some particular domain of action (such as business)

Human labour[edit]

Work (project management), the effort applied to produce a deliverable or accomplish a task

Work life or Employment, a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other
being the employee

Creative work, a manifestation of creative effort, in copyright law

House work, management of a home

Manual work, physical work done by people

Paid work, relationship in which a worker sells labor and an employer buys it

Job, a regular activity performed in exchange for payment

The workplace is the physical location where someone works. Such a place can range from a home
office to a large office building or factory. The workplace is one of the most important social spaces
other than the home, constituting "a central concept for several entities: the worker and his/her
family, the employing organization, the customers of the organization, and the society as a
whole".[1] The development of new communication technologies have led to the development of
the virtual workplace, a workplace that is not located in any one physical space.

Work ethic is a value based on hard work and diligence. It is also a belief in the moral benefit of
work and its ability to enhance character.
Workers exhibiting a good work ethic in theory would be selected for better positions, more
responsibility and ultimately promotion. Workers who fail to exhibit a good work ethic may be
regarded as failing to provide fair value for the wage the employer is paying them and should not be
promoted or placed in positions of greater responsibility.

First, some words on ethics: Ethics concerns the rightness or wrongness of

action, the virtue or vice of character, and general matters of good and evil
and how we might respond to good and evil. There are two general domains
of ethics:
Descriptive Ethics: consists in the study of what persons (or societies)
actually believe or act on, in terms of right and wrong, virtue and vice,
goodness and badness.

Neda Agha-Soltan, a philosophy student who was shot and killed during protests in Iran in 2009

Evaluative Ethics: inquiry into what should be evaluated as right or wrong,

virtue or vice, good or bad.
One reason to study ethics is that ethics is inescapable. It is difficult, if not
impossible, to imagine a society in which there are not codes of conduct, ways
of assessing what is desirable or healthy and undesirable or unhealthy. Even
if such codes are thought of as mere means of survival, there will still be
implicit commitments to what is good or bad: food and water (in proportion) is
good for persons, deprivation of either will lead to damage and dissolution. If
you do not study ethics, chances are you will have no opportunity to carefully
reflect on the values that shape your life, no chance to think about whether the
values in your society are wise or foolish, no chance to expand your
awareness of the values of other persons.
The study of ethics should also lead one to develop skills in articulating your
own values, to provide others with reasons for your actions and give you the
means of questioning the values of others.
In the USA today there is a great need for citizens to be able to listen to one
another, to express their values, to assess the reasons behind this or that

political policy, institution, and social values in general. Public, political

debates and talk shows in popular media shows us (only too often) people
who are good at shouting or pronouncing why X is good or Y is bad, but with
little or no interest in listening to and considering with patience what others
think. Arguably, a democratic republic cannot not survive if its citizens
neglected the practice of shared ethical dialogue.
While the above is aimed at the USA, the same can be said about all
societies, whether democratic or not. So, in India, the largest democracy in
terms of population

Malala Yousafzai delivered a speech to the UN advocating for womens education after being shot by the Taliban on
her way home from school.

on our planet, the need for mature ethical reflection should be clear. But it is
also true in Russia, China, Saudi Arabia, and elsewhere, where public,
political speech is carefully monitored and subject to censure. In China today,
there are various sub-cultures that seek to preserve free, ethical and
philosophical (as well as religious) inquiry. Chinese, as well as Muslim
philosophers have been in dialogue with St. Olaf philosophers about
promoting democratic skills among current university populations.

Wh y Stud y Ethics?
There are several reasons to study ethics. All of us use ethics on a daily basis. Ethics is not some term
grabbed out of thin air by philosophers trying to build castles in the air. Many individuals do not know what
ethical behavior is. This course is not aimed at any one group or agency; anyone who lives or works on the
reservation could benefit from this course. You will find yourself challenged to think about ethical
decisions, you will have an opportunity to study the ethical decisions made and behaviors modeled by our
ancestors.
No matter what your past experiences or educational level, you are never too old to learn. We have all
heard the old sayings, you cant teach an old dogs new tricks, and a leopard doesnt change his spots.
Indeed, I often hear tribal members saying something to the effect, it doesnt matter who is elected they
will (fill in the blank). It is true that important changes never come easily, but chan ge is possible.
Studying ethics is one way of recapturing our heritage. Why teach ethics? This question would have
confused our ancestors. Ethics were an inherent part of their daily lives. Today, however, we live in a
different time, a time when ethical behavior appears to have diminished in our culture. As a result, an
ethics course is appropriate, valuable and useful.