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MATLAB Integration

matlab intigeration

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143 views

MATLAB Integration

matlab intigeration

Uploaded by

Jay Srivastava
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integration deals with two essentially different types of problems.

In the first type, derivative of a function is given and we want to find the function. There
basically reverse the process of differentiation. This reverse process is known
differentiation, or finding the primitive function, or finding an indefinite integral.

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The second type of problems involve adding up a very large number of very small quant
then taking a limit as the size of the quantities approaches zero, while the number of term
infinity. This process leads to the definition of the definite integral.

Definite integrals are used for finding area, volume, center of gravity, moment of inertia, work d
force, and in numerous other applications.

Finding Indefinite Integral Using MATLAB


By definition, if the derivative of a function f(x) is f'(x), then we say that an indefinite integral of

respect to x is f(x). For example, since the derivative (with respect to x) of x2 is 2x, we can sa

MATLAB - Commands

indefinite integral of 2x is x2.

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In symbols:

MATLAB - Data Types

f'(x2) = 2x, therefore,

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2xdx = x2.

MATLAB - Loops

Indefinite integral is not unique, because derivative of x2 + c, for any value of a constant c, will als

MATLAB - Vectors

This is expressed in symbols as:

MATLAB - Matrics

2xdx = x2 + c.

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MATLAB - Numbers
MATLAB - Strings
MATLAB - Functions

Where, c is called an 'arbitrary constant'.

MATLAB provides an int command for calculating integral of an expression. To derive an expre
the indefinite integral of a function, we write:
int(f);
For example, from our previous example:

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MATLAB Integration

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syms x
int(2*x)
MATLAB executes the above statement and returns the following result:

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ans =
x^2

Example 1
In this example, let us find the integral of some commonly used expressions. Create a script file
the following code in it:
syms x n
int(sym(x^n))
f = 'sin(n*t)'
int(sym(f))
syms a t
int(a*cos(pi*t))
int(a^x)
When you run the file, it displays the following result:
ans =
piecewise([n == -1, log(x)], [n ~= -1, x^(n + 1)/(n + 1)])
f =
sin(n*t)
ans =
-cos(n*t)/n
ans =
(a*sin(pi*t))/pi
ans =
a^x/log(a)

Example 2
Create a script file and type the following code in it:
syms x n
int(cos(x))
int(exp(x))
int(log(x))
int(x^-1)
int(x^5*cos(5*x))
pretty(int(x^5*cos(5*x)))
int(x^-5)
int(sec(x)^2)
pretty(int(1 - 10*x + 9 * x^2))
int((3 + 5*x -6*x^2 - 7*x^3)/2*x^2)
pretty(int((3 + 5*x -6*x^2 - 7*x^3)/2*x^2))
Note that the pretty command returns an expression in a more readable format.
When you run the file, it displays the following result:
ans =
sin(x)
ans =

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MATLAB Integration

exp(x)
ans =
x*(log(x) - 1)
ans =
log(x)
ans =

(24*cos(5*x))/3125 + (24*x*sin(5*x))/625 - (12*x^2*cos(5*x))/125 + (x^4*cos(5


2
4
24 cos(5 x)
24 x sin(5 x)
12 x cos(5 x)
x cos(5 x)
----------- + ------------- - -------------- + ----------- 3125
625
125
5
3

4 x sin(5 x)
x sin(5 x)
------------- + ----------25
5
ans =
-1/(4*x^4)
ans =
tan(x)

x (3 x

- 5 x + 1)

ans =
- (7*x^6)/12 - (3*x^5)/5 + (5*x^4)/8 + x^3/2
6
5
4
3
7 x
3 x
5 x
x
- ---- - ---- + ---- + -12
5
8
2

Finding Definite Integral Using MATLAB

By definition, definite integral is basically the limit of a sum. We use definite integrals to find areas
the area between a curve and the x-axis and the area between two curves. Definite integrals can
used in other situations, where the quantity required can be expressed as the limit of a sum.

The int command can be used for definite integration by passing the limits over which you
calculate the integral.
To calculate
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MATLAB Integration

we write,
int(x, a, b)
For example, to calculate the value of

we write:
int(x, 4, 9)
MATLAB executes the above statement and returns the following result:
ans =
65/2
Following is Octave equivalent of the above calculation:
pkg load symbolic
symbols
x = sym("x");
f = x;
c = [1, 0];
integral = polyint(c);
a = polyval(integral, 9) - polyval(integral, 4);
display('Area: '), disp(double(a));
An alternative solution can be given using quad() function provided by Octave as follows:
pkg load symbolic
symbols
f = inline("x");
[a, ierror, nfneval] = quad(f, 4, 9);
display('Area: '), disp(double(a));

Example 1

Let us calculate the area enclosed between the x-axis, and the curve y = x32x+5 and the ordina
and x = 2.
The required area is given by:

Create a script file and type the following code:


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MATLAB Integration

f = x^3 - 2*x +5;


a = int(f, 1, 2)
display('Area: '), disp(double(a));
When you run the file, it displays the following result:
a =
23/4
Area:
5.7500
Following is Octave equivalent of the above calculation:
pkg load symbolic
symbols
x = sym("x");
f = x^3 - 2*x +5;
c = [1, 0, -2, 5];
integral = polyint(c);
a = polyval(integral, 2) - polyval(integral, 1);
display('Area: '), disp(double(a));
An alternative solution can be given using quad() function provided by Octave as follows:
pkg load symbolic
symbols
x = sym("x");
f = inline("x^3 - 2*x +5");
[a, ierror, nfneval] = quad(f, 1, 2);
display('Area: '), disp(double(a));

Example 2
Find the area under the curve: f(x) = x2 cos(x) for 4 x 9.
Create a script file and write the following code:
f = x^2*cos(x);
ezplot(f, [-4,9])
a = int(f, -4, 9)
disp('Area: '), disp(double(a));
When you run the file, MATLAB plots the graph:

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MATLAB Integration

and displays the following result:


a =
8*cos(4) + 18*cos(9) + 14*sin(4) + 79*sin(9)
Area:
0.3326
Following is Octave equivalent of the above calculation:
pkg load symbolic
symbols
x = sym("x");
f = inline("x^2*cos(x)");
ezplot(f, [-4,9])
print -deps graph.eps
[a, ierror, nfneval] = quad(f, -4, 9);
display('Area: '), disp(double(a));

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